<hw>A (1)</hw> \K/eI/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Ba)\b \I(pl.\i \BAs\b or \BA's)\b\p\B1\b the first letter of the alphabet.\p\B2\b \IMus.\i the sixth note of the diatonic scale of C major.\p\B3\b the first hypothetical person or example.\p\B4\b the highest class or category (of roads, academic marks, etc.).\p\B5\b (usu. \Ba)\b \IAlgebra\i the first known quantity.\p\B6\b \IPhysiol\i a human blood type of the ABO system.\p\1from A to B\c from one place to another \3(a means of getting from A to B).\c\p\1from A to Z\c over the entire range; completely.\Kidm A1/Aa1, 2 etc. denested Apr 94\k
<hw>A (3)</hw> \K/eI/\k \Isymb.\i\p\B1\b \IPhysics\i ampere(s).\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b \Ihist.\i (of films) classified as suitable for an adult audience but not necessarily for children.
<hw>┼</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IPhysics\i σngstr÷m(s).
<hw>a (1)</hw> \K/\F'\n/, /eI/\k \Idet.\i (also \Ban\b before a vowel) \I(called \Bthe indefinite article)\b\i\p\B1\b one, some, any (used when referring to something for the first time in a text or conversation) \I(cf.\i \J\Xthe\x).\j\p\B2\b one like \3(a Judas).\c\p\B3\b one single \3(not a thing in sight).\c\p\B4\b the same \3(all of a size).\c\p\B5\b in, to, or for each \3(twice a year;\c \2ú20 a man;\c \2seven a side).\c \BEtymology:\b \3weakening of Old English \Ian\i 'one'; sense 5 originally = \J\Xa\x (2)\j\c See Usage Note at \J\Xan\x.\j
<hw>a (2)</hw> \K/\F'\n/\k \Iprep.\i \I(usu. as \Bprefix)\b\i\p\B1\b to, towards \3(ashore;\c \2aside).\c\p\B2\b \I(with verb in pres. part. or infin.)\i in the process of; in a specified state \3(a-hunting;\c \2a-wandering;\c \2abuzz;\c \2aflutter).\c\p\B3\b on \3(afire;\c \2afoot).\c\p\B4\b in \3(nowadays).\c \BEtymology:\b \3weakening of Old English prep. \Ian,\i \Ion\i (see \J\Xon\x)\j\c
<hw>a (3)</hw> \Iabbr.\i (also \Ba.)\b\p\B1\b arrives.\p\B2\b before. \BEtymology:\b \3sense 2 from Latin \Iante\i\c
<hw>a- (1)</hw> \K/\F'\n/, /eI/, /a/\k \Iprefix\i not, without \3(amoral;\c \2agnostic;\c \2apetalous).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ia-,\i or Latin from Greek, or French via Latin from Greek\c
<hw>a- (2)</hw> \K/\F'\n/\k \Iprefix\i implying motion onward or away, adding intensity to verbs of motion \3(arise;\c \2awake).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ia-,\i originally \Iar-\i\c
<hw>a- (3)</hw> \K/\F'\n/\k \Iprefix\i to, at, or into a state \3(adroit;\c \2agree;\c \2amass;\c \2avenge).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English \Ia-\i (= Old French prefix \Ia-),\i from Latin \Iad-\i 'to, at': in later words sometimes via French\c
<hw>a- (4)</hw> \K/\F'\n/\k \Iprefix\i\p\B1\b from, away \3(abridge).\c\p\B2\b of \3(akin;\c \2anew).\c\p\B3\b out, utterly \3(abash;\c \2affray).\c\p\B4\b in, on, engaged in, etc. (see \J\Xa\x (2)).\j \BEtymology:\b \3sense 1 from Middle English \Ia-,\i Old French \Ia-,\i from Latin \Iab;\i sense 2 from Middle English \Ia-,\i from Old English \Iof\i \I(prep.);\i sense 3 from Middle English, Anglo-French \Ia-\i = Old French \Ie-,\i \Ies-,\i from Latin \Iex\i\c
<hw>a- (5)</hw> \K/\F'\n/\k \Iprefix\i \Iassim. form of\i \J\Xad-\x\j before \Isc,\i \Isp,\i \Ist.\i
<hw>-a (1)</hw> \K/\F'\n/\k \Isuffix\i forming nouns from Greek, Latin, and Romanic feminine singular, esp.:\p\B1\b \IZool Bot\i ancient or Latinized modern names of animals and plants \3(amoeba;\c \2campanula).\c\p\B2\b \IChem\i oxides \3(alumina).\c\p\B3\b \IGeog\i geographical names \3(Africa).\c\p\B4\b ancient or Latinized modern feminine names \3(Lydia;\c \2Hilda).\c
<hw>-a (2)</hw> \K/\F'\n/\k \Isuffix\i \IZool\i forming plural nouns from Greek and Latin neuter plural, esp. corresponding to a singular in \I-um\i or \I-on\i \3(addenda;\c \2phenomena),\c and in names (often from modern Latin) of zoological groups \3(Carnivora).\c
<hw>-a (3)</hw> \K/\F'\n/\k \Isuffix\i \Icolloq.\i\p\B1\b of \3(kinda;\c \2coupla).\c\p\B2\b have \3(mighta;\c \2coulda).\c\p\B3\b to \3(oughta).\c
<hw>A1</hw> \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\INaut.\i a first-class vessel in Lloyd's Register of Shipping. \Iadj.\i \Icolloq.\i\p\B1\b excellent; first-rate.\p\B2\b fit; in excellent health.\Kdenested and sense 2 added f. corpus Apr 94\k
<hw>A3</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPrinting\i\p\B1\b a standard European size of paper, 420 ╫ 297 mm.\p\B2\b paper of this size \I(often \Battrib.:\b\i \2A3 sheets).\c\Kdenested and expanded Apr 94\k
<hw>A4</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPrinting\i\p\B1\b a standard European size of paper, 210 ╫ 297 mm.\p\B2\b paper of this size \I(often \Battrib.:\b\i \2A4 sketchpad).\c\Kdenested and expanded Apr 94\k
<hw>A5</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPrinting\i\p\B1\b a standard European size of paper, 210 ╫ 148 mm.\p\B2\b paper of this size \I(often \Battrib.:\b\i \2A5 pages).\c\Kdenested and expanded Apr 94\k
<hw>AA</hw> \Iabbr.\i\p\B1\b \IMotoring\i (in the UK) Automobile Association.\p\B2\b \IDrink\i Alcoholics Anonymous.\p\B3\b \IMil.\i anti-aircraft.\p\B4\b \BBrit.\b \Ihist.\i (of films) classified as suitable for persons of over 14 years.
<hw>aa</hw> \K/"A:A:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeol.\i lava forming very rough, jagged, light-textured masses \I(cf.\i \J\Xpahoehoe\x).\j\Knew f. Collins, NSOED Dec 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Hawaiian \I'a-'a\i\c
<hw>AAA</hw> \Iabbr.\i\p\B1\b \ISport\i (in the UK) Amateur Athletic Association.\p\B2\b \IMotoring\i American Automobile Association.\p\B3\b \IMotoring\i Australian Automobile Association.
<hw>A. & M.</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IRelig\i (Hymns) Ancient and Modern.
<hw>A. & R.</hw> \Iabbr.\i\p\B1\b \ITheatr\i artists and recording.\p\B2\b artists and repertoire.
<hw>aardvark</hw> \K/"A:dvA:k/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a nocturnal mammal of southern Africa, Orycteropus afer, with a tubular snout and a long extensible tongue, that feeds on termites. \IAlso called\i \Iant-bear,\i \Iearth-pig.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Afrikaans from \Iaarde\i 'earth' + \Ivark\i 'pig'\c
<hw>aardwolf</hw> \K/"A:dwUlf/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Baardwolves\b \K/-wUlvz/\k) \IZool\i an African mammal, Proteles cristatus, of the hyena family, with grey fur and black stripes, that feeds on insects. \BEtymology:\b \3Afrikaans from \Iaarde\i 'earth' + \Iwolf\i 'wolf'\c
<hw>Aaron's beard</hw> \K/"E:r(\F'\n)nz/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i any of several plants, esp. rose of Sharon (Hypericum calycinum). \BEtymology:\b \3with reference to Ps. 133:2\c
<hw>Aaron's rod</hw> \K/"E:r(\F'\n)nz/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i any of several tall plants, esp. the great mullein (Verbascum thapsus). \BEtymology:\b \3with reference to Num. 17:8\c
<hw>A'asia</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IGeog\i Australasia.
<hw>aasvogel</hw> \K/"A:sf\F'\nUg(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\BS.Afr.\b \IZool\i a vulture. \BEtymology:\b \3Afrikaans from \Iaas\i 'carrion' + \Ivogel\i 'bird'\c
<hw>AAU</hw> \Iabbr.\i \ISport\i (in the US) Amateur Athletic Union.
<hw>AB (1)</hw> \p\In.\i\p\IPhysiol\i a human blood type of the ABO system.
<hw>AB (2)</hw> \Iabbr.\i\p\B1\b \INaut\i able rating or seaman.\p\B2\b \BUS\b Bachelor of Arts. \BEtymology:\b \3sense 1 from \Iable-bodied;\i sense 2 from Latin \IArtium Baccalaureus\i\c
<hw>Ab</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IBiol.\i antibody.\Knew f. OERD Apr 94\k
<hw>ab-</hw> \K/\F'\nb/, /ab/\k \Iprefix\i off, away, from \3(abduct;\c \2abnormal;\c \2abuse).\c \BEtymology:\b \3French or Latin\c
<hw>abaca</hw> \K/"ab\F'\nk\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b Manila hemp.\p\B2\b the plant, Musa textilis, yielding this. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish \Iabacß\i\c
<hw>aback</hw> \K/\F'\n"bak/\k \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b \Iarchaic\i backwards, behind.\p\B2\b \INaut.\i (of a sail) pressed against the mast by a headwind.\p\1take aback\c\p\B1\b surprise, disconcert \3(your request took me aback;\c \2I was greatly taken aback by the news).\c\p\B2\b (as \Btaken aback\b \Iadj.)\i \INaut\i (of a ship) with the sails pressed against the mast by a headwind. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ion bµc\i (as \J\Xa\x (2),\j \J\Xback\x)\j\c
<hw>abacus</hw> \K/"ab\F'\nk\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Babacuses)\b\p\B1\b \IMath\i an oblong frame with rows of wires or grooves along which beads are slid, used for calculating.\p\B2\b \IArchit.\i the flat slab on top of a capital, supporting the architrave. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin via Greek \Iabax abakos\i 'slab, drawing board' originally in the sense 'a board strewn with sand, for writing on', from Hebrew '\Iabak\i 'dust'\c
<hw>abaft</hw> \K/\F'\n"bA:ft/\k \Iadv. & prep.\i \INaut.\i \Iadv.\i in the stern half of a ship. \Iprep.\i nearer the stern than; aft of. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xa\x (2)\j + \I-baft\i from Old English \Ibeµftan\i from \Ibe\i \J\Xby\x\j + \Iµftan\i 'behind'\c
<hw>abalone</hw> \K/ab\F'\n"l\F'\nUni/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a mollusc of the genus \IHaliotis,\i with a shallow ear-shaped shell having respiratory holes, and lined with mother-of-pearl, e.g. the ormer. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin American Spanish \Iabul≤n,\i from Shoshonean \Iaulun\i\c
<hw>abandon</hw> \K/\F'\n"band(\F'\n)n/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b give up completely or before completion \3(abandoned hope;\c \2abandoned the game).\c\p\B2\b \Ba\b forsake or desert (a person or a post of responsibility). \Bb\b leave or desert (a motor vehicle, ship, building, etc.).\p\B3\b \Ba\b give up to another's control or mercy. \Bb\b \Irefl.\i yield oneself completely to a passion or impulse.\p\In.\i\plack of inhibition or restraint; reckless freedom of manner. \Kabandoner omitted on lack of evidence Jul 93\k\Babandonment\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, in the sense 'bring under control', from Old French \Iabandoner\i from \Iα bandon\i 'under control', ultimately from Late Latin \Ibannus,\i \I-um\i \J\Xban\x\j\c
<hw>abandoned</hw> \K/\F'\n"band(\F'\n)nd/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b (of a person or animal) deserted, forsaken \3(an abandoned child).\c \Bb\b (of a building, vehicle, etc.) left empty or unused \3(an abandoned cottage;\c \2an abandoned ship).\c\p\B2\b (of a person or behaviour) unrestrained, profligate.
<hw>abase</hw> \K/\F'\n"beIs/\k \Iv.tr. & refl.\i humiliate or degrade (another person or oneself). \Babasement\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iabaissier\i (as \J\Xa-\x (3),\j \Ibaissier\i 'to lower', ultimately from Late Latin \Ibassus\i 'short of stature'): influenced by \J\Xbase\x (2)\j\c
<hw>abash</hw> \K/\F'\n"baS/\k \Iv.tr.\i (usu. as \Babashed\b \Iadj.)\i embarrass, disconcert. \Babashment\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iesba∩r\i \I(es-\i = \J\Xa-\x (4) 3,\j \Iba∩r\i 'astound' or \Ibaer\i 'yawn')\c
<hw>abate</hw> \K/\F'\n"beIt/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr. & intr.\i make or become less strong, severe, intense, etc.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \ILaw\i \Ba\b quash (a writ or action). \Bb\b put an end to (a nuisance). \Babatement\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iabatre\i from Romanic (as \J\Xa-\x (3),\j Latin \Ibatt(u)ere\i 'beat')\c
<hw>abatis</hw> \K/"ab\F'\ntIs/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Babattis)\b \I(pl.\i same or \Babatises,\b \Babattises)\b \IMil\i \Ihist.\i a defence made of felled trees with the boughs pointing outwards.\Kabatised omitted on lack of evidence Jul 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3French from Old French \Iabatre\i 'fell': see \J\Xabate\x\j\c
<hw>abaxial</hw> \K/ab"aksI\F'\nl/\k \Iadj.\i \IBot.\i facing away from the stem of a plant, esp. designating the lower surface of a leaf \I(cf.\i \J\Xadaxial\x).\j \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xab-\x\j + \J\Xaxial\x\j\c
<hw>abaya</hw> \K/\F'\n"beIj\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IClothing Anthropol\i a sleeveless outer garment worn by Arabs.\Kvariants aba, abba omitted Dec 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Arabic \I'aba'\i\c
<hw>abbacy</hw> \K/"ab\F'\nsi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IRelig\i the office, jurisdiction, or period of office of an abbot or abbess. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from ecclesiastical Latin \Iabbacia,\i from \Iabbat-\i \J\Xabbot\x\j\c
<hw>Abbasid</hw> \K/\F'\n"basId/, /"ab\F'\nsId/\k \In. & adj.\i \IPeople\i\p\In.\i\pa member of a dynasty of caliphs ruling in Baghdad 750-1258. \Iadj.\i of this dynasty. \BEtymology:\b \3\IAbbas,\i Muhammad's uncle d. 652\c
<hw>abbatial</hw> \K/\F'\n"beIS(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \IRelig\i of an abbey, abbot, or abbess. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iabbatial\i or medieval Latin \Iabbatialis\i (as \J\Xabbot\x)\j\c
<hw>abbΘ</hw> \K/"abeI/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i (in France) an abbot; a man entitled to wear ecclesiastical dress. \BEtymology:\b \3French, from ecclesiastical Latin \Iabbas abbatis\i \J\Xabbot\x\j\c
<hw>abbess</hw> \K/"abEs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i a woman who is the head of certain communities of nuns. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iabbesse\i from ecclesiastical Latin \Iabbatissa\i (as \J\Xabbot\x)\j\c
<hw>Abbevillian</hw> \K/ab"vIlI\F'\nn/\k \In. & adj.\i \IArchaeol\i\p\In.\i\pthe culture of the earliest palaeolithic period in Europe. \Iadj.\i of this culture. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IAbbevillien\i from \IAbbeville\i in N. France, where tools from this period were discovered\c
<hw>abbey</hw> \K/"abi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-eys)\b \IRelig\i\p\B1\b the building(s) occupied by a community of monks or nuns.\p\B2\b the community itself.\p\B3\b a church or house that was once an abbey. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iab(b)e∩e\i from medieval Latin \Iabbatia\i \J\Xabbacy\x\j\c
<hw>abbot</hw> \K/"ab\F'\nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i a man who is the head of an abbey of monks. \Babbotship\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iabbod\i via ecclesiastical Latin \Iabbas -atis\i from Greek \Iabbas\i 'father', from Aramaic '\Iabba\i\c
<hw>abbreviate</hw> \K/\F'\n"bri:vIeIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i shorten, esp. represent (a word etc.) by a part of it. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Late Latin \Iabbreviare\i 'shorten' from Latin \Ibrevis\i 'short': cf. \J\Xabridge\x\j\c
<hw>abbreviation</hw> \K/\F'\nbri:vI"eIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGram. etc.\i\p\B1\b an abbreviated form, esp. a shortened form of a word or phrase.\p\B2\b the process or result of abbreviating.
<hw>ABC (1)</hw> \p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ILinguistics\i the alphabet.\p\B2\b the rudiments of any subject.\p\B3\b an alphabetical guide.
<hw>ABC (2)</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IBroadcasting\i\p\B1\b Australian Broadcasting Corporation.\p\B2\b American Broadcasting Company.
<hw>abdicate</hw> \K/"abdIkeIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \I(usu. \Babsol.)\b\i \IPolit\i give up or renounce (the throne).\p\B2\b renounce (a responsibility, duty, etc.). \Babdication\b \K/-"keIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Babdicator\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iabdicare abdicat-\i (as \J\Xab-\x,\j \Idicare\i 'declare')\c
<hw>abdomen</hw> \K/"abd\F'\nm\F'\nn/, /ab"d\F'\nUm\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IAnat\i the part of the body containing the stomach, bowels, reproductive organs, etc.\p\B2\b \IZool.\i the hinder part of an insect, crustacean, spider, etc. \Babdominal\b \K/ab"dQmIn(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\K-minally omitted on lack of evidence Jul 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Latin\c
<hw>abduct</hw> \K/\F'\nb"dVkt/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \ILaw etc.\i carry off or kidnap (a person) illegally by force or deception.\p\B2\b \IAnat\i (of a muscle etc.) draw (a limb etc.) away from the midline of the body. \Babduction\b\p\In.\i\p\Babductor\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iabducere abduct-\i (as \J\Xab-\x,\j \Iducere\i 'draw')\c
<hw>abeam</hw> \K/\F'\n"bi:m/\k \Iadv.\i \INaut Aeron\i\p\B1\b on a line at right angles to a ship's or an aircraft's length.\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bof)\b\i opposite the middle of (a ship etc.). \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xa\x (2)\j + \J\Xbeam\x\j\c
<hw>abed</hw> \K/\F'\n"bEd/\k \Iadv.\i \Iarchaic\i in bed. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English (as \J\Xa\x (2),\j \J\Xbed\x)\j\c
<hw>abele</hw> \K/\F'\n"bi:l/, /"eIb(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i the white poplar, Populus alba. \BEtymology:\b \3Dutch \Iabeel\i from Old French \Iabel,\i \Iaubel,\i ultimately from Latin \Ialbus\i 'white'\c
<hw>abelia</hw> \K/\F'\n"bi:lI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a hardy evergreen shrub of the genus \IAbelia\i (honeysuckle family).\Knew f. NSOED, OERD Apr 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3C. \IAbel,\i English botanist d. 1826\c
<hw>abelian</hw> \K/\F'\n"bi:lI\F'\nn/\k \Iadj.\i \IMath.\i (of a group) having members related by a commutative operation (i.e. \Ia\i * \Ib\i = \Ib\i * \Ia).\i\Knew f. OERD Mar 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3named after Niels H. \IAbel,\i Norwegian mathematician d. 1829\c
<hw>Aberdeen Angus</hw> \K/%ab\F'\ndi:n "aNg\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i\p\B1\b an animal of a Scottish breed of hornless black beef cattle.\p\B2\b this breed. \BEtymology:\b \3\IAberdeenshire\i and \IAngus,\i former Scottish counties, where the breed originated\c
<hw>Aberdonian</hw> \K/ab\F'\n"d\F'\nUnI\F'\nn/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i of Aberdeen.\p\In.\i\p\IPeople\i a native or citizen of Aberdeen. \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \IAberdonia\i\c
<hw>aberrant</hw> \K/\F'\n"bEr(\F'\n)nt/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \Iesp. Biol.\i diverging from the normal type.\p\B2\b departing from an accepted standard. \Baberrance\b\p\In.\i\p\Baberrancy\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iaberrare aberrant-\i (as \J\Xab-\x,\j \Ierrare\i 'stray')\c
<hw>aberration</hw> \K/ab\F'\n"reIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a departure from what is normal or accepted or regarded as right.\p\B2\b a moral or mental lapse.\p\B3\b \IBiol.\i deviation from a normal type.\p\B4\b \IOptics\i the failure of rays to converge at one focus because of a defect in a lens or mirror.\p\B5\b \IAstron.\i the apparent displacement of a celestial object from its true position caused by the observer's relative motion. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iaberratio\i (as \J\Xaberrant\x)\j\c
<hw>abet</hw> \K/\F'\n"bEt/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(abetted,\b \Babetting)\b (usu. in \Baid and abet)\b encourage or assist (an offender or offence). \Babetment\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, from Old French \Iabeter\i from \Iα\i 'to' + \Ibeter\i \J\Xbait\x\j\c
<hw>abetter</hw> \K/\F'\n"bEt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Babettor)\b a person who abets.
<hw>abeyance</hw> \K/\F'\n"beI\F'\nns/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(usu. prec. by \Bin,\b \Binto)\b\i a state of temporary disuse or suspension. \Babeyant\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Anglo-French \Iabeiance,\i from Old French \Iabeer,\i from \Iα\i 'to' + \Ibeer,\i from medieval Latin \Ibatare\i 'gape'\c
<hw>ABH</hw> \Iabbr.\i \ILaw\i actual bodily harm.\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED Jul 93\k
<hw>abhor</hw> \K/\F'\nb"hO:/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(abhorred,\b \Babhorring)\b detest; regard with disgust and hatred. \Babhorrer\b\p\In.\i\p\K-rer moved here from abhorrent Jul 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, from French \Iabhorrer\i or from Latin \Iabhorrere\i (as \J\Xab-\x,\j \Ihorrere\i 'shudder')\c
<hw>abhorrence</hw> \K/\F'\nb"hQr(\F'\n)ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b disgust; detestation.\p\B2\b a detested thing.
<hw>abhorrent</hw> \K/\F'\nb"hQr(\F'\n)nt/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i (of conduct etc.) inspiring disgust; repugnant, hateful, detestable.\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bto)\b\i not in accordance with; strongly conflicting with \3(abhorrent to the spirit of the law).\c\Ksense 3 omitted Dec 93\k
<hw>abide</hw> \K/\F'\n"bVId/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\I(past\i and \Ipast part.\i \Babided\b or rarely \Babode\b \K/\F'\n"b\F'\nUd/\k)\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \I(usu. in \Bneg.\b or \Binterrog.)\b\i tolerate, endure \3(can't abide him).\c\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bby)\b\i \Ba\b act in accordance with \3(abide by the rules).\c \Bb\b remain faithful to (a promise).\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i \Iarchaic\i \Ba\b remain, continue. \Bb\b dwell.\Ksense sustain, endure omitted Dec 93\k \Babidance\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iabidan\i (as \J\Xa-\x (2),\j \Ibidan\i \J\Xbide\x)\j\c
<hw>abiding</hw> \K/\F'\n"bVIdIN/\k \Iadj.\i enduring, permanent \3(an abiding sense of loss).\c \Babidingly\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>ability</hw> \K/\F'\n"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bto\b + infin.)\i capacity or power \3(has the ability to write songs).\c\p\B2\b cleverness, talent; mental power \3(a person of great ability;\c \2has many abilities).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iablete\i from Latin \Ihabilitas -tatis,\i from \Ihabilis\i 'able'\c
<hw>-ability</hw> \K/\F'\n"bIlIti/\k \Isuffix\i forming nouns of quality from, or corresponding to, adjectives in \I-able\i \3(capability;\c \2vulnerability).\c \BEtymology:\b \3French \I-abilitΘ\i or Latin \I-abilitas:\i cf. \J\X-ity\x\j\c
\B\Iab initio\b\i \K/ab I"nISI\F'\nU/\k \Iadv.\i from the beginning. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin\c
<hw>abiogenesis</hw> \K/%eIbVI\F'\n"dZEnIsIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiol\i\p\B1\b the formation of organic matter without the action of living organisms.\p\B2\b the supposed spontaneous generation of living organisms. \Babiogenic\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xa-\x (1)\j + Greek \Ibios\i 'life' + \J\Xgenesis\x\j\c
<hw>abiotic</hw> \K/eIbVI"QtIk/\k \Iadj.\i \IBiol\i inanimate, non-living, not of a biological nature. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xa-\x (1)\j + \J\Xbiotic\x\j\c\Knew f. NSOED Mar 94\k
<hw>abject</hw> \K/"abdZEkt/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b miserable, wretched.\p\B2\b degraded, self-abasing, humble.\p\B3\b despicable. \Babjectly\b \Iadv.\i \Babjectness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Iabjectus,\i past part. of \Iabicere\i (as \J\Xab-\x,\j \Ijacere\i 'throw')\c
<hw>abjection</hw> \K/ab"dZEkS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\pa state of misery or degradation. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iabjection\i or Latin \Iabjectio\i (as \J\Xabject\x)\j\c
<hw>abjure</hw> \K/\F'\nb"dZU\F'\n/\k \Iv.tr.\i \ILaw\i\p\B1\b renounce on oath (an opinion, cause, claim, etc.).\p\B2\b swear perpetual absence from (one's country etc.). \Babjuration\b \K/abdZU"reIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iabjurare\i (as \J\Xab-\x,\j \Ijurare\i 'swear')\c
<hw>Abkhazian</hw> \K/\F'\nb"kA:zI\F'\nn/, /\F'\nb"keIzj\F'\nn/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPeople\i a native or inhabitant of Abkhazia, an autonomous republic in NW Georgia.\p\B2\b \ILanguage\i the Caucasian language of Abkhazia. \Iadj.\i of or relating to Abkhazia, its people, or its language.\Knew f. SOED, corpus Dec 93\k
<hw>ablation</hw> \K/\F'\n"bleIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ISurgery\i the surgical removal of body tissue.\p\B2\b \IGeol.\i the wasting or erosion of a glacier, iceberg, or rock by melting or the action of water.\p\B3\b \IAstron.\i the loss of surface material from a spacecraft, meteorite, etc. through evaporation or melting caused by friction with the atmosphere. \Bablate\b \Iv.tr.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iablation\i or Late Latin \Iablatio,\i from Latin \Iablat-\i (as \J\Xab-\x,\j \Ilat-,\i past part. stem of \Iferre\i 'carry')\c
<hw>ablative</hw> \K/"abl\F'\ntIv/\k \In. & adj.\i \IGram.\i\p\In.\i\pthe case (esp. in Latin) of nouns and pronouns (and words in grammatical agreement with them) indicating an agent, instrument, or location. \Iadj.\i of or in the ablative. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iablatif -ive\i or Latin \Iablativus\i (as \J\Xablation\x)\j\c
<hw>ablative absolute</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IGram\i an absolute construction in Latin with a noun and participle or adjective in the ablative case (see \J\Xabsolute\x \Iadj.\i 5).\j
<hw>ablaut</hw> \K/"ablaUt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhonet\i a change of vowel in related words or forms, esp. in Indo-European languages, arising from differences of accent and stress in the parent language, e.g. in \Ising,\i \Isang,\i \Isung.\i \BEtymology:\b \3German, from \Iab\i 'off' + \ILaut\i 'sound'\c
<hw>ablaze</hw> \K/\F'\n"bleIz/\k \Ipredic.adj. & adv.\i\p\B1\b on fire \3(set it ablaze;\c \2the house was ablaze).\c\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i glittering, glowing, radiant.\p\B3\b \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i greatly excited.
<hw>able</hw> \K/"eIb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \B(abler,\b \Bablest)\b\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bto\b + infin.;\i \Iused esp. in \Bis able,\b \Bwill be able,\b \Bwas able,\b etc., replacing tenses of \Bcan)\b\i having the capacity or power \3(was not able to come).\c\p\B2\b having great ability; clever, skilful. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ihable,\i \Iable\i from Latin \Ihabilis\i 'handy', from \Ihabere\i 'hold'\c
<hw>-able</hw> \K/\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Isuffix\i forming adjectives meaning:\p\B1\b that may or must be \3(eatable;\c \2forgivable;\c \2payable).\c\p\B2\b that can be made the subject of \3(dutiable;\c \2objectionable).\c\p\B3\b that is relevant to or in accordance with \3(fashionable;\c \2seasonable).\c\p\B4\b \I(with active sense, in earlier word-formations)\i that may \3(comfortable;\c \2suitable).\c \BEtymology:\b \3French \I-able,\i or Latin \I-abilis\i forming verbal adjectives from verbs of first conjugation\c
<hw>able-bodied</hw> \Iadj.\i fit, healthy.
<hw>able-bodied rating</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bable-bodied seaman)\b \INaut.\i a rating able to perform all duties.
<hw>abled</hw> \K/"eIb(\F'\n)ld/\k \Iadj.\i having a full range of physical or mental abilities; able-bodied.\Knew in COD9 f. ODNW Jul 93\k
<hw>ableism</hw> \K/"eIblIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bablism)\b discrimination in favour of able-bodied people.\Knew in COD9 f. ODNW Jul 93\k
<hw>able rating</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bable seaman)\b \INaut.\i = \J\Xable-bodied rating\x.\j\Knew to correspond with AB (2)\k
<hw>abloom</hw> \K/\F'\n"blu:m/\k \Ipredic.adj.\i blooming; in flower.
<hw>ablution</hw> \K/\F'\n"blu:S(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i\p\B1\b \IRelig\i the ceremonial washing of parts of the body or of sacred vessels etc.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i the ordinary washing of the body.\p\B3\b \BBrit.\b a building containing washing places etc. in a camp, ship, etc. \Bablutionary\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iablution\i or Latin \Iablutio\i (as \J\Xab-\x,\j \Ilutio\i from \Iluere lut-\i 'wash')\c
<hw>abnegate</hw> \K/"abnIgeIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b give up or deny oneself (a pleasure etc.).\p\B2\b renounce or reject (a right or belief). \Babnegator\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iabnegare abnegat-\i (as \J\Xab-\x,\j \Inegare\i 'deny')\c
<hw>abnegation</hw> \K/abnI"geIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b denial; the rejection or renunciation of a doctrine.\p\B2\b = \J\Xself-denial\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3Old French \Iabnegation\i or Late Latin \Iabnegatio\i (as \J\Xabnegate\x)\j\c
<hw>abnormal</hw> \K/\F'\nb"nO:m(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b deviating from what is normal or usual; exceptional.\p\B2\b relating to or dealing with what is abnormal \3(abnormal psychology).\c \Babnormally\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3earlier \Ianormal,\i \Ianomal,\i via French from Greek \Ianomalos\i \J\Xanomalous\x,\j associated with Latin \Iabnormis\i 'abnormality, monstrosity'\c
<hw>abnormality</hw> \K/abnO:"malIti/, /-n\F'\n"malIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b an abnormal quality, occurrence, etc. \Bb\b the state of being abnormal.\p\B2\b a physical irregularity.
<hw>aboard</hw> \K/\F'\n"bO:d/\k \Iadv. & prep.\i \ITransport\i\p\B1\b on or into (a ship, aircraft, train, etc.).\p\B2\b alongside.\p\1all aboard!\c a call that warns of the imminent departure of a ship, train, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, from \J\Xa\x (2)\j + \J\Xboard\x\j and French \Iα bord\i\c
<hw>abode (1)</hw> \K/\F'\n"b\F'\nUd/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b habitual residence; a house or home.\p\B2\b \Iarchaic\i a stay or sojourn. \BEtymology:\b \3verbal noun of \J\Xabide\x:\j cf. \Iride,\i \Irode,\i \Iroad\i\c
<hw>abode (2)</hw> \I\Ipast\i of\i \J\Xabide\x.\j
<hw>abolish</hw> \K/\F'\n"bQlIS/\k \Iv.tr.\i put an end to the existence or practice of (esp. a custom or institution). \Babolishable\b \Iadj.\i \Babolisher\b\p\In.\i\p\Babolishment\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via French \Iabolir\i from Latin \Iabolere\i 'destroy'\c
<hw>abolition</hw> \K/ab\F'\n"lIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or process of abolishing or being abolished.\p\B2\b an instance of this. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iabolition\i or Latin \Iabolitio\i (as \J\Xabolish\x)\j\c
<hw>abolitionist</hw> \K/ab\F'\n"lIS(\F'\n)nIst/\k\p\In.\i\pa person who favours the abolition of a practice or institution, esp. of capital punishment or (formerly) of slavery. \Babolitionism\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>abomasum</hw> \K/ab\F'\nU"meIs\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Babomasa\b \K/-s\F'\n/\k) \IZool Anat\i the fourth stomach of a ruminant. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from \J\Xab-\x\j + \J\Xomasum\x\j\c
<hw>abominable</hw> \K/\F'\n"bQm(\F'\n)n\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b detestable; loathsome; morally reprehensible.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i very bad or unpleasant \3(abominable weather).\c \Babominably\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Iabominabilis,\i from \Iabominari\i 'deprecate' (as \J\Xab-\x,\j \Iominari\i from \J\Xomen\x)\j\c
<hw>Abominable Snowman</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i an unidentified manlike or bearlike animal said to exist in the Himalayas; a yeti.
<hw>abomination</hw> \K/\F'\nbQmI"neIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an object of disgust.\p\B2\b an odious or degrading habit or act.\p\B3\b loathing. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French (as \J\Xabominate\x)\j\c
<hw>aboral</hw> \K/ab"O:r(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \IZool Anat\i furthest from or opposite the mouth. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xab-\x\j + \J\Xoral\x\j\c
<hw>aboriginal</hw> \K/ab\F'\n"rIdZIn(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IAnthropol People\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b (of races and natural phenomena) inhabiting or existing in a land from the earliest times or from before the arrival of colonists.\p\B2\b \B(Aboriginal)\b of the Australian Aboriginals or their languages.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an aboriginal inhabitant.\p\B2\b \B(Aboriginal)\b = \J\Xaborigine\x 2.\j\p\B3\b \B(Aboriginal)\b \ILanguage\i any of the Australian Aboriginal languages.\Ksense 3 new in COD9 f. NSOED Jul 93\k\Kaboriginally omitted on lack of evidence Jul 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3as \J\Xaborigine\x\j + \J\X-al\x\j\c With reference to indigenous Australians, some people prefer \IAborigine\i and others \IAboriginal\i as the noun. The adjective is always \IAboriginal.\i
<hw>aborigine</hw> \K/ab\F'\n"rIdZIni:/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i \IAnthropol People\i\p\B1\b an aboriginal inhabitant.\p\B2\b \B(Aborigine)\b an aboriginal inhabitant of Australia.\p\B3\b an aboriginal plant or animal. \BEtymology:\b \3back-formation from pl. \Iaborigines\i from Latin, probably from the phrase \Iab origine\i 'from the beginning'\c See Usage Note at \J\Xaboriginal\x.\j
<hw>aborning</hw> \K/\F'\n"bO:nIN/\k \Iadv. & adj.\i \Besp. N. Amer.\b \Iadv.\i (esp. in phr. \Bdie aborning)\b while being born or produced. \Ipredic. adj.\i being born or produced.\Knew f. SOED, K. Barber Aug 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xa-\x (4) 4\j + \Iborning\i verbal noun from \Iborn\i 'be born'\c
<hw>abort</hw> \K/\F'\n"bO:t/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \IMed\i \Ba\b (of a woman) undergo abortion; miscarry. \Bb\b (of a foetus) suffer abortion.\p\B2\b \IMed\i \Itr.\i \Ba\b effect the abortion of (a foetus). \Bb\b effect abortion in (a mother).\p\B3\b \Ba\b \Itr.\i cause to end fruitlessly or prematurely; stop in the early stages. \Bb\b \Iintr.\i end unsuccessfully or prematurely.\p\B4\b \Ba\b \Itr.\i abandon or terminate (a space flight or other technical project) before its completion, usu. because of a fault. \Bb\b \Iintr.\i terminate or fail to complete such an undertaking.\p\B5\b \IBiol.\i \Ba\b \Iintr.\i (of an organ or embryo) remain undeveloped; shrink away. \Bb\b \Itr.\i cause to do this.\p\In.\i\p\IAeron Astronaut\i\p\B1\b a prematurely terminated space flight or other undertaking.\p\B2\b the termination of such an undertaking. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iaboriri\i 'miscarry' (as \J\Xab-\x,\j \Ioriri ort-\i 'be born')\c
<hw>abortifacient</hw> \K/\F'\nbO:tI"feIS(\F'\n)nt/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IMed\i \Iadj.\i effecting abortion.\p\In.\i\pa drug or other agent that effects abortion.
<hw>abortion</hw> \K/\F'\n"bO:S(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMed\i the expulsion of a foetus (naturally or esp. by medical induction) from the womb before it is able to survive independently, esp. in the first 28 weeks of a human pregnancy.\p\B2\b a stunted or deformed creature or thing.\p\B3\b the failure of a project or an action.\p\B4\b \IBiol.\i the arrest of the development of an organ or embryo. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iabortio\i (as \J\Xabort\x)\j\c
<hw>abortionist</hw> \K/\F'\n"bO:S(\F'\n)nIst/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMed\i a person who carries out abortions, esp. illegally.\p\B2\b \IPolit\i a person who favours the legalization of abortion.
<hw>abortive</hw> \K/\F'\n"bO:tIv/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b fruitless, unsuccessful, unfinished.\p\B2\b \IMed\i resulting in abortion.\p\B3\b \IBiol.\i (of an organ etc.) rudimentary; arrested in development. \Babortively\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iabortif -ive\i from Latin \Iabortivus\i (as \J\Xabort\x)\j\c
<hw>ABO system</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhysiol\i a system of four types (A, AB, B, and O) by which human blood may be classified, based on the presence or absence of certain inherited antigens.
<hw>aboulia</hw> \K/\F'\n"bu:lI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Babulia)\b \IMed\i the loss of will-power as a mental disorder. \Baboulic\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ia-\i 'not' + \Iboule\i 'will'\c
<hw>abound</hw> \K/\F'\n"baUnd/\k \Iv.intr.\i\p\B1\b be plentiful.\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bin,\b \Bwith)\b\i be rich; teem or be infested. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iabunder\i etc. from Latin \Iabundare\i 'overflow' (as \J\Xab-\x,\j \Iundare\i from \Iunda\i 'wave')\c
<hw>about</hw> \K/\F'\n"baUt/\k \Iprep. & adv.\i \Iprep.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b on the subject of; in connection with \3(a book about birds;\c \2what are you talking about?;\c \2argued about money).\c \Bb\b relating to \3(something funny about this).\c \Bc\b in relation to \3(symmetry about a plane).\c \Bd\b so as to affect \3(what are you going to do about it?).\c\p\B2\b at a time near to \3(come about four).\c\p\B3\b \Ba\b in, round, surrounding \3(wandered about the town;\c \2a scarf about her neck).\c \Bb\b all round from a centre \3(look about you).\c\p\B4\b here and there in; at points throughout \3(toys lying about the house).\c\p\B5\b at a point or points near to \3(fighting going on about us).\c\p\B6\b carried with \3(have no money about me).\c\p\B7\b occupied with \3(what are you about?).\c \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b approximately \3(costs about a pound;\c \2is about right).\c \Bb\b \Icolloq.\i used to indicate understatement \3(just about had enough;\c \2it's about time they came).\c\p\B2\b here and there; at points nearby \3(a lot of flu about;\c \2I've seen him about recently).\c\p\B3\b all round; in every direction \3(look about).\c\p\B4\b on the move; in action \3(out and about).\c\p\B5\b in partial rotation or alteration from a given position \3(the wrong way about).\c\p\B6\b in rotation or succession \3(turn and turn about).\c\p\B7\b \INaut.\i on or to the opposite tack \3(go about;\c \2put about).\c\p\1be about\c \Icolloq.\i have as its most important aim \3(putting on the play was not about making money but having fun).\c\p\1be about to\c\p\B1\b be on the point of (doing something) \3(was about to laugh).\c\p\B2\b \I(with \Bneg.)\b\i \Icolloq.\i intending to; prepared to \3(we're not about to give in).\c\K2 new f. SOED Aug 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ionbutan\i \I(on\i = \J\Xa\x (2),\j \Ibutan\i \J\Xbut\x (1))\j\c
<hw>about-turn</hw> \In., v., & int.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMil\i a turn made so as to face the opposite direction.\p\B2\b a change of opinion or policy etc. \Iv.intr.\i make an about-turn. \Iint.\i \B(about turn)\b \IMil.\i a command to make an about-turn. \BEtymology:\b \3originally as int.\c
<hw>above</hw> \K/\F'\n"bVv/\k \Iprep., adv., adj., & n.\i \Iprep.\i\p\B1\b over; on the top of; higher (vertically, up a slope or stream etc.) than; over the surface of \3(head above water;\c \2above the din).\c\p\B2\b more than \3(above twenty people;\c \2above average).\c\p\B3\b higher in rank, position, importance, etc., than \3(thwarted by those above him).\c\p\B4\b \Ba\b too great or good for \3(above one's station;\c \2is not above cheating at cards).\c \Bb\b beyond the reach of; not affected by \3(above my understanding;\c \2above suspicion).\c\p\B5\b \Iarchaic\i to an earlier time than \3(not traced above the third century).\c \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b at or to a higher point; overhead \3(the floor above;\c \2the clouds above).\c\p\B2\b \Ba\b upstairs \3(lives above).\c \Bb\b upstream.\p\B3\b (of a text reference) further back on a page or in a book \3(as noted above).\c\p\B4\b on the upper side \3(looks similar above and below).\c\p\B5\b in addition \3(over and above).\c\p\B6\b \Iliterary\i in heaven \3(Lord above!).\c \Iadj.\i mentioned earlier; preceding \3(the above argument).\c\p\In.\i\p\I(prec. by \Bthe)\b\i what is mentioned above \3(the above shows).\c\p\1above all\c more than anything else; most of all.\Kabove all new as IDM in COD9 f. POD Jul 93\k\p\1above ground\c alive.\p\1above one's head\c \Isee\i \J\Xhead\x.\j\p\1above oneself\c conceited, arrogant. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xa\x (2)\j + Old English \Ibufan,\i from \Ibe\i = \J\Xby\x\j + \Iufan\i 'above'\c
<hw>above board</hw> \Iadj. & adv.\i without concealment; fair or fairly; open or openly.
\B\Iab ovo\b\i \K/ab "\F'\nUv\F'\nU/\k \Iadv.\i from the very beginning. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = from the egg\c
<hw>Abp.</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IRelig\i Archbishop.
<hw>abracadabra</hw> \K/abr\F'\nk\F'\n"dabr\F'\n/\k \Iint. & n.\i \Iint.\i a supposedly magic word used by conjurors in performing a trick.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a spell or charm.\p\B2\b jargon or gibberish. \BEtymology:\b \3a mystical word engraved and used as a charm: Latin from Greek\c
<hw>abrade</hw> \K/\F'\n"breId/\k \Iv.tr.\i scrape or wear away (skin, rock, etc.) by rubbing. \Babrader\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin from \J\Xab-\x,\j \Iradere ras-\i 'scrape'\c
<hw>abrasion</hw> \K/\F'\n"breIZ(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the scraping or wearing away (of skin, rock, etc.).\p\B2\b a damaged area resulting from this. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iabrasio\i (as \J\Xabrade\x)\j\c
<hw>abrasive</hw> \K/\F'\n"breIsIv/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b tending to rub or graze. \Bb\b capable of polishing by rubbing or grinding.\p\B2\b harsh or hurtful in manner.\p\In.\i\pan abrasive substance. \BEtymology:\b \3as \J\Xabrade\x\j + \J\X-ive\x\j\c
<hw>abreact</hw> \K/abrI"akt/\k \Iv.tr.\i \IPsychol.\i release (an emotion) by abreaction. \BEtymology:\b \3back-formation from \J\Xabreaction\x\j\c
<hw>abreaction</hw> \K/abrI"akS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPsychol.\i the free expression and consequent release of a previously repressed emotion. \Babreactive\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xab-\x\j + \J\Xreaction\x,\j influenced by German \IAbreagierung\i\c
<hw>abreast</hw> \K/\F'\n"brEst/\k \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b side by side and facing the same way.\p\B2\b \Ba\b \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i up to date. \Bb\b \I(foll. by \Bof)\b\i well informed \3(abreast of all the changes).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, from \J\Xa\x (2)\j + \J\Xbreast\x\j\c
<hw>abridge</hw> \K/\F'\n"brIdZ/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \ILiterature Cinematog\i shorten (a book, film, etc.) by using fewer words or making deletions.\p\B2\b curtail (liberty). \Babridgeable\b \Iadj.\i\Kspelling changed in COD9 to match NSOED, OED's variant, and to match bridgeable Jul 93\k \Babridger\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iabreg(i)er\i from Late Latin \Iabbreviare\i \J\Xabbreviate\x\j\c
<hw>abridgement</hw> \K/\F'\n"brIdZm(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Babridgment)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b \ILiterature Cinematog\i a shortened version, esp. of a book; an abstract. \Bb\b the process of producing this.\p\B2\b a curtailment (of rights). \BEtymology:\b \3French \IabrΘgement\i (as \J\Xabridge\x)\j\c
<hw>abroad</hw> \K/\F'\n"brO:d/\k \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b in or to a foreign country or countries.\p\B2\b over a wide area; in different directions; everywhere \3(scatter abroad).\c\p\B3\b at large; freely moving about; in circulation \3(there is a rumour abroad).\c\p\B4\b \Iarchaic\i in or into the open; out of doors.\p\B5\b \Iarchaic\i wide of the mark; erring.\p\1from abroad\c from another country. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, from \J\Xa\x (2)\j + \J\Xbroad\x\j\c
<hw>abrogate</hw> \K/"abr\F'\ngeIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i \ILaw etc.\i repeal, annul, or abolish (a law or custom). \Babrogation\b \K/abr\F'\n"geIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Babrogator\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iabrogare\i (as \J\Xab-\x,\j \Irogare\i 'propose a law')\c
<hw>abrupt</hw> \K/\F'\n"brVpt/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b sudden and unexpected; hasty \3(his abrupt departure).\c\p\B2\b (of speech, manner, etc.) uneven; lacking continuity; curt.\p\B3\b steep, precipitous.\p\B4\b \IBot.\i truncated.\KGeol. sense omitted from COD9 as not in NSOED Jul 93\k \Babruptly\b \Iadv.\i \Babruptness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iabruptus,\i past part. of \Iabrumpere\i (as \J\Xab-\x,\j \Irumpere\i 'break')\c
<hw>ABS</hw> \Iabbr.\i \ITransport\i anti-lock braking system (for motor vehicles).
<hw>abs-</hw> \K/\F'\nbs/, /abs/\k \Iprefix\i = \J\Xab-\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3variant of Latin \Iab-\i used before \Ic,\i \Iq,\i \It\i\c
<hw>abscess</hw> \K/"absIs/, /-sEs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a swollen area accumulating pus within a body tissue. \Babscessed\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iabscessus\i 'a going away' (as \J\Xab-\x,\j \Icedere cess-\i 'go'): from the elimination of bad matter via the pus\c
<hw>abscisic acid</hw> \K/ab"sIsIk/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiochem\i a plant hormone which promotes leaf detachment and bud dormancy and inhibits germination. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iabscis-\i past part. stem of \Iabscindere\i (as \J\Xab-\x,\j \Iscindere\i 'cut')\c
<hw>abscissa</hw> \K/ab"sIs\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Babscissae\b \K/-si:/\k or \Babscissas)\b \IMath.\i\p\B1\b (in a system of coordinates) the shortest distance from a point to the vertical or \Iy\i-axis, measured parallel to the horizontal or \Ix\i-axis; the Cartesian \Ix\i-coordinate of a point \I(cf.\i \J\Xordinate\x).\j\p\B2\b the part of a line between a fixed point on it and an ordinate drawn to it from any other point. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \Iabscissa\i \I(linea)\i 'cut-off (line)', fem. past part. of \Iabscindere absciss-\i (as \J\Xab-\x,\j \Iscindere\i 'cut')\c
<hw>abscission</hw> \K/\F'\nb"sIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or an instance of cutting off.\p\B2\b \IBot.\i the natural detachment of leaves, branches, flowers, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iabscissio\i (as \J\Xabscissa\x)\j\c
<hw>abscond</hw> \K/\F'\nb"skQnd/\k \Iv.intr.\i depart hurriedly and furtively, esp. unlawfully or to avoid arrest. \Babsconder\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3originally in the sense 'hide, conceal (oneself)': Latin \Iabscondere\i 'hide, put away' (as \J\Xab-\x,\j \Icondere\i 'stow')\c
<hw>abseil</hw> \K/"abseIl/, /-zVIl/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Besp. Brit.\b \IMountaineeringSport\i \Iv.intr.\i descend a steep rock face etc. by using a doubled rope coiled round the body and fixed at a higher point.\p\In.\i\pa descent made by abseiling. \Babseiler\b\p\In.\i\p\K-er new f. corpus Dec 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3German \Iabseilen\i from \Iab\i 'down' + \ISeil\i 'rope'\c
<hw>absence</hw> \K/"abs(\F'\n)ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the state of being away from a place or person.\p\B2\b the time or duration of being away.\p\B3\b \I(foll. by \Bof)\b\i the non-existence or lack of.\p\1absence of mind\c inattentiveness. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Iabsentia\i (as \J\Xabsent\x)\j\c
<hw>absent</hw> \Iadj. & v.\i \Iadj.\i \K/"abs(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\B1\b \Ba\b not present. \Bb\b \I(foll. by \Bfrom)\b\i not present at or in.\p\B2\b not existing.\p\B3\b inattentive to the matter in hand. \Iv.refl.\i \K/ab"sEnt/\k\p\B1\b stay away.\p\B2\b withdraw. \Babsently\b \Iadv.\i (in sense 3 of \Iadj.).\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, ultimately from Latin \Iabsent-,\i pres. part. of \Iabesse\i 'be absent'\c
<hw>absentee</hw> \K/abs(\F'\n)n"ti:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IIndustry Education\i a person not present, esp. one who is absent from work or school.
<hw>absenteeism</hw> \K/abs(\F'\n)n"ti:Iz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IIndustry Education\i the practice of absenting oneself from work or school etc., esp. frequently or illicitly.
<hw>absentee landlord</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i a landlord who lets a property while living elsewhere.
<hw>absent-minded</hw> \K/abs(\F'\n)nt"mVIndId/\k \Iadj.\i habitually forgetful or inattentive; with one's mind on other things. \Babsent-mindedly\b \Iadv.\i \Babsent-mindedness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>absinth</hw> \K/"absInT/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBot\i the shrub wormwood, Artemisia absinthium, or an essence from it.\p\B2\b (usu. \Babsinthe)\b \IDrink\i a green aniseed-flavoured potent liqueur turning milky when water is added, originally made with wormwood. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iabsinthe\i via Latin \Iabsinthium\i from Greek \Iapsinthion\i 'wormwood'\c
\B\Iabsit omen\b\i \K/"absIt "\F'\nUm\F'\nn/\k \Iint.\i may what is threatened not become fact. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = may this (evil) omen be absent\c
<hw>absolute</hw> \K/"abs\F'\nlu:t/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b complete, utter, perfect \3(an absolute fool;\c \2absolute bliss).\c\p\B2\b unconditional, unlimited \3(absolute authority).\c\p\B3\b \IPolit\i despotic; ruling arbitrarily or with unrestricted power \3(an absolute monarch).\c\p\B4\b (of a standard or other concept) universally valid; not admitting exceptions; not relative or comparative.\p\B5\b \IGram.\i \Ba\b (of a construction) syntactically independent of the rest of the sentence, as in \Idinner being over,\i \Iwe left the table;\i \Ilet us toss for it,\i \Iloser to pay.\i \Bb\b (of an adjective or transitive verb) used or usable without an expressed noun or object (e.g. \Ithe deaf,\i \Iguns kill).\i\p\B6\b \ILaw\i (of a legal decree etc.) final.\p\In.\i\p\IPhilos.\i\p\B1\b a value, standard, etc., which is objective and universally valid, not subjective or relative.\p\B2\b \I(prec. by \Bthe)\b\i \Ba\b \IPhilos.\i that which can exist without being related to anything else. \Bb\b \ITheol.\i ultimate reality; God. \Babsoluteness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Iabsolutus,\i past part. of \Iabsolvere:\i see \J\Xabsolve\x\j\c
<hw>absolute alcohol</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i ethanol which is at least 99 per cent pure.
<hw>absolutely</hw> \K/"abs\F'\nlu:tli/\k \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b completely, utterly, perfectly \3(absolutely marvellous;\c \2he absolutely denies it).\c\p\B2\b independently; in an absolute sense \3(God exists absolutely).\c\p\B3\b \I(foll. by \Bneg.)\b\i (no or none) at all \3(absolutely no chance of winning;\c \2absolutely nowhere).\c\p\B4\b \Icolloq.\i in actual fact; positively \3(it absolutely exploded).\c\p\B5\b \IGram.\i in an absolute way, esp. (of a verb) without a stated object.\p\B6\b \K/-"lu:tli/, /-"lju:tli/\k \Icolloq.\i (used in reply) quite so; yes.
<hw>absolute magnitude</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAstron\i the magnitude, i.e. brightness, of a celestial object as it would be seen at a standard distance of 10 parsecs \I(opp.\i \J\Xapparent magnitude\x).\j
<hw>absolute majority</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i\p\B1\b a majority over all others combined.\p\B2\b more than half.
<hw>absolute pitch</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMus.\i\p\B1\b the ability to recognize the pitch of a note or produce any given note; perfect pitch.\p\B2\b a fixed standard of pitch defined by the rate of vibration.
<hw>absolute temperature</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i a temperature measured from absolute zero.
<hw>absolute zero</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i a theoretical lowest possible temperature, at which the particles whose motion constitutes heat would be minimal, calculated as -273.15 ░C (or zero on the Kelvin scale).\Kdegree symbol not used with kelvins\k
<hw>absolution</hw> \K/abs\F'\n"lu:S(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ICriminol\i a formal release from guilt, obligation, or punishment.\p\B2\b \IRelig\i an ecclesiastical declaration of forgiveness of sins.\p\B3\b a remission of penance.\p\B4\b forgiveness. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Iabsolutio -onis\i (as \J\Xabsolve\x)\j\c
<hw>absolutism</hw> \K/"abs\F'\nlu:tIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPolit Philos Relig\i the acceptance of or belief in absolute principles in political, philosophical, ethical, or theological matters. \Babsolutist\b \In. & adj.\i
<hw>absolve</hw> \K/\F'\nb"zQlv/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bfrom,\b \Bof)\b\i \Ba\b set or pronounce free from blame or obligation etc. \Bb\b \ICriminol\i acquit; pronounce not guilty.\p\B2\b pardon or give absolution for (a sin etc.).\Kabsolver omitted on lack of evidence Jul 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iabsolvere\i (as \J\Xab-\x,\j \Isolvere solut-\i 'loosen')\c
<hw>absorb</hw> \K/\F'\nb"zO:b/, /-"sO:b/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b include or incorporate as part of itself or oneself \3(the country successfully absorbed its immigrants).\c\p\B2\b take in; suck up (liquid, heat, knowledge, etc.) \3(she quickly absorbed all she was taught).\c\p\B3\b reduce the effect or intensity of; deal easily with (an impact, sound, difficulty, etc.).\p\B4\b consume (income, time, resources, etc.) \3(his debts absorbed half his income).\c\p\B5\b engross the attention of \3(television absorbs them completely).\c \Babsorbable\b \Iadj.\i \Babsorbability\b \K/-"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Babsorber\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, from French \Iabsorber\i or Latin \Iabsorbere absorpt-\i (as \J\Xab-\x,\j \Isorbere\i 'suck in')\c
<hw>absorbance</hw> \K/\F'\nb"zO:b(\F'\n)ns/, /-"sO:b(\F'\n)ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i a measure of the capacity of a substance to absorb light etc., equal to the logarithm of the reciprocal of the transmittance.\Knew f. Collins, NSOED Dec 93\k
<hw>absorbed</hw> \K/\F'\nb"zO:bd/, /-"sO:bd/\k \Ipredic.adj.\i intensely engaged or interested \3(he was absorbed in his work).\c \Babsorbedly\b \K/-bIdli/\k \Iadv.\i
<hw>absorbent</hw> \K/\F'\nb"zO:b(\F'\n)nt/, /-"sO:b-/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i having a tendency to absorb (esp. liquids).\p\In.\i\pan absorbent substance or thing.\Ksense 2 omitted f. COD9 as now rare or obs in NSOED Jul 93\k \Babsorbency\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iabsorbent-\i from \Iabsorbere\i \J\Xabsorb\x\j\c
<hw>absorption</hw> \K/\F'\nb"zO:pS(\F'\n)n/, /-"sO:p-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the process or action of absorbing or being absorbed.\p\B2\b disappearance through incorporation into something else.\p\B3\b mental engrossment. \Babsorptive\b \K/-"zO:ptIv/, /-"sO:b-/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iabsorptio\i (as \J\Xabsorb\x)\j\c
<hw>absorption spectrum</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics Sci\i a spectrum of electromagnetic radiation transmitted through a substance, with dark lines or bands showing absorption at specific wavelengths.\Knew f. Collins, NSOED Mar 94\k
<hw>abstain</hw> \K/\F'\nb"steIn/\k \Iv.intr.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bfrom)\b\i restrain oneself; refrain from indulging in \3(abstained from cakes and sweets;\c \2abstained from mentioning it).\c \Bb\b refrain from drinking alcohol.\p\B2\b formally decline to use one's vote. \Babstainer\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Anglo-French \Iastener\i and Old French \Iabstenir\i from Latin \Iabstinere abstent-\i (as \J\Xab-\x,\j \Itenere\i 'hold')\c
<hw>abstemious</hw> \K/\F'\nb"sti:mI\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i (of a person, habit, etc.) moderate, not self-indulgent, esp. in eating and drinking. \Babstemiously\b \Iadv.\i \Babstemiousness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iabstemius\i (as \J\Xab-\x,\j \Itemetum\i 'strong drink')\c
<hw>abstention</hw> \K/\F'\nb"stEnS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\pthe act or an instance of abstaining, esp. from voting. \Babstentionism\b\p\In.\i\p\K-ism new f. corpus, SOED Dec 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iabstention\i or Late Latin \Iabstentio -onis\i (as \J\Xabstain\x)\j\c
<hw>abstinence</hw> \K/"abstIn\F'\nns/\k\p\In.\i\pthe act of abstaining, esp. from food, alcohol, or sexual activity. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Iabstinentia\i (as \J\Xabstinent\x)\j\c
<hw>abstinent</hw> \K/"abstIn\F'\nnt/\k \Iadj.\i practising abstinence. \Babstinently\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin (as \J\Xabstain\x)\j\c
<hw>abstract</hw> \Iadj., v., & n.\i \Iadj.\i \K/"abstrakt/\k\p\B1\b \Ba\b to do with or existing in thought rather than matter, or in theory rather than practice; not tangible or concrete \3(abstract questions rarely concerned him).\c \Bb\b \IGram\i (of a word, esp. a noun) denoting a quality or condition or intangible thing rather than a concrete object.\p\B2\b \IArt\i (of art) achieving its effect by grouping shapes and colours in satisfying patterns rather than by the recognizable representation of physical reality.\p\Iv.\i\p\K/\F'\nb"strakt/\k\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bfrom)\b\i take out of; extract; remove.\p\B2\b \Ba\b \Itr.\i summarize (an article, book, etc.). \Bb\b \Iintr.\i do this as an occupation.\p\B3\b \Itr. & refl.\i \I(often foll. by \Bfrom)\b\i disengage (a person's attention etc.); distract.\p\B4\b \Itr.\i \I(foll. by \Bfrom)\b\i consider abstractly or separately from something else.\p\B5\b \Itr.\i \Ieuphem.\i steal.\p\In.\i\p\K/"abstrakt/\k\p\B1\b a summary or statement of the contents of a book etc.\p\B2\b an abstract work of art.\p\B3\b an abstraction or abstract term.\p\1in the abstract\c in theory rather than in practice. \Babstractly\b \K/"abstraktli/\k \Iadv.\i \Babstractor\b \K/\F'\nb"strakt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p(in sense 2 of \Iv.).\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French or Latin \Iabstractus,\i past part. of \Iabstrahere\i (as \J\Xab-\x,\j \Itrahere\i 'draw')\c
<hw>abstracted</hw> \K/\F'\nb"straktId/\k \Iadj.\i inattentive to the matter in hand; preoccupied. \Babstractedly\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>abstract expressionism</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IArt\i a development of abstract art which aims at a subjective emotional expression of an ideal rather than a picture of a physical object.
<hw>abstraction</hw> \K/\F'\nb"strakS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or an instance of abstracting or taking away.\p\B2\b \Ba\b an abstract or visionary idea. \Bb\b the formation of abstract ideas.\p\B3\b \IArt\i \Ba\b abstract qualities (esp. in art). \Bb\b an abstract work of art.\p\B4\b absent-mindedness. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iabstraction\i or Latin \Iabstractio\i (as \J\Xabstract\x)\j\c
<hw>abstractionism</hw> \K/\F'\nb"strakS(\F'\n)nIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IArt\i the principles and practice of abstract art.\p\B2\b the pursuit or cult of abstract ideas. \Babstractionist\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>abstruse</hw> \K/\F'\nb"stru:s/\k \Iadj.\i hard to understand; obscure; profound. \Babstrusely\b \Iadv.\i \Babstruseness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Iabstruse\i or Latin \Iabstrusus\i 'put away, hidden' (as \J\Xab-\x,\j \Itrusus,\i past part. of \Itrudere\i 'push')\c
<hw>absurd</hw> \K/\F'\nb"s\F'\n:d/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b (of an idea, suggestion, etc.) wildly unreasonable, illogical, or inappropriate.\p\B2\b (of a person) unreasonable or ridiculous in manner.\p\B3\b (of a thing) ludicrous, incongruous \3(an absurd hat;\c \2the situation was becoming absurd).\c\p\In.\i\p\B(the absurd)\b \IPhilos\i that which is absurd, esp. human existence in a purposeless chaotic universe.\Kn. new in COD9 f. NSOED Jul 93\k \Babsurdly\b \Iadv.\i \Babsurdness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Iabsurde\i or Latin \Iabsurdus\i (as \J\Xab-\x,\j \Isurdus\i 'deaf, dull')\c
<hw>absurdism</hw> \K/\F'\nb"s\F'\n:dIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhilos\i the belief that human beings exist in a purposeless chaotic universe. \Babsurdist\b \Iadj. & n.\i\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED Jul 93\k
<hw>absurdity</hw> \K/\F'\nb"s\F'\n:dIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b wild inappropriateness or incongruity.\p\B2\b extreme unreasonableness.\p\B3\b an absurd statement or act. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IabsurditΘ\i or Late Latin \Iabsurditas\i (as \J\Xabsurd\x)\j\c
<hw>ABTA</hw> \K/"abt\F'\n/\k \Iabbr.\i \ICommerce\i Association of British Travel Agents.
<hw>abundance</hw> \K/\F'\n"bVnd(\F'\n)ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a very great quantity, usu. considered to be more than enough.\p\B2\b wealth, affluence.\p\B3\b wealth of emotion \3(abundance of heart).\c\p\B4\b \ICards\i a call in solo whist undertaking to make nine tricks. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iabundance\i from Latin \Iabundantia\i (as \J\Xabundant\x)\j\c
<hw>abundant</hw> \K/\F'\n"bVnd(\F'\n)nt/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b existing or available in large quantities; plentiful.\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bin)\b\i having an abundance of \3(a country abundant in fruit).\c \Babundantly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin, pres. part. of \Iabundare\i \J\Xabound\x\j\c
<hw>abuse</hw> \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.tr.\i \K/\F'\n"bju:z/\k\p\B1\b use to bad effect or for a bad purpose; misuse \3(abused his position of power).\c\p\B2\b insult verbally.\p\B3\b maltreat; assault (esp. sexually).\p\In.\i\p\K/\F'\n"bju:s/\k\p\B1\b \Ba\b incorrect or improper use \3(the abuse of power).\c \Bb\b an instance of this.\p\B2\b insulting language \3(a torrent of abuse).\c\p\B3\b unjust or corrupt practice.\p\B4\b maltreatment or (esp. sexual) assault of a person \3(child abuse).\c \Babuser\b \K/\F'\n"bju:z\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iabus\i \I(n.),\i \Iabuser\i \I(v.)\i from Latin \Iabusus,\i \Iabuti\i (as \J\Xab-\x,\j \Iuti us-\i \J\Xuse\x)\j\c
<hw>abusive</hw> \K/\F'\n"bju:sIv/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b using or containing insulting language.\p\B2\b (of language) insulting. \Babusively\b \Iadv.\i \Babusiveness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>abut</hw> \K/\F'\n"bVt/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B(abutted,\b \Babutting)\b\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bon)\b\i (of estates, countries, etc.) adjoin (another).\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bon,\b \Bagainst)\b\i (of part of a building) touch or lean upon (another) with a projecting end or point \3(the shed abutted on the side of the house).\c\p\B3\b \Itr.\i abut on. \BEtymology:\b \3Old French \Iabouter\i \J(\Xbutt\x (1))\j and Anglo-Latin \Iabuttare,\i from Old French \Ibut\i 'end'\c
<hw>abutment</hw> \K/\F'\n"bVtm(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBuilding\i\p\B1\b the lateral supporting structure of a bridge, arch, etc.\p\B2\b the point of junction between such a support and the thing supported.
<hw>abutter</hw> \K/\F'\n"bVt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i the owner of an adjoining property.
<hw>abuzz</hw> \K/\F'\n"bVz/\k \Iadv. & adj.\i in a 'buzz' (see \J\Xbuzz\x\p\In.\i\p3);\j in a state of excitement or activity.
<hw>abysmal</hw> \K/\F'\n"bIzm(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \Icolloq.\i extremely bad \3(abysmal weather;\c \2the standard is abysmal).\c\p\B2\b profound, utter \3(abysmal ignorance).\c \Babysmally\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3archaic or poet. \Iabysm\i = \J\Xabyss\x,\j via Old French \Iabi(s)me\i from medieval Latin \Iabysmus\i\c
<hw>abyss</hw> \K/\F'\n"bIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a deep or seemingly bottomless chasm.\p\B2\b \Ba\b an immeasurable depth \3(abyss of despair).\c \Bb\b a catastrophic situation as contemplated or feared \3(his loss brought him a step nearer the abyss).\c\p\B3\b \I(prec. by \Bthe)\b\i primal chaos; hell. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Late Latin \Iabyssus\i from Greek \Iabussos\i 'bottomless' (as \J\Xa-\x (1),\j \Ibussos\i 'depth')\c
<hw>abyssal</hw> \K/\F'\n"bIs(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b at or of the ocean depths or floor.\p\B2\b \IGeol.\i at or from a great depth in the earth's crust; plutonic.
<hw>AC</hw> \Iabbr.\i\p\B1\b (also \Bac)\b \IPhysics\i alternating current.\p\B2\b \IAeron\i aircraftman.\p\B3\b \IRelig\i before Christ.\p\B4\b Companion of the Order of Australia.\p\B5\b \IDrink\i \Iappellation contr⌠lΘe.\i\Ksense 5 new in COD9 f. dict. of abbrevs, E.Pollard Jul 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3sense 3 from Latin \Iante Christum\i\c
<hw>Ac</hw> \Isymb.\i \IChem.\i the element actinium.
<hw>ac-</hw> \K/ak/, /\F'\nk/\k \Iprefix\i \Iassim. form of\i \J\Xad-\x\j before \Ic,\i \Ik,\i \Iq.\i
<hw>a/c</hw> \Iabbr.\i \ICommerce\i account. \BEtymology:\b \3\Iaccount current:\i see \J\Xaccount\x\p\In.\i\p2, 3\j\c
<hw>-ac</hw> \K/ak/\k \Isuffix\i forming adjectives which are often also (or only) used as nouns \3(cardiac;\c \2maniac)\c (see also \J\X-acal\x).\j \BEtymology:\b \3French \I-aque,\i Latin \I-acus,\i or Greek \I-akos\i adjectival suffix\c
<hw>acacia</hw> \K/\F'\n"keIS\F'\n/, /-sj\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b (also \Bacacia tree)\b a leguminous tree of the genus \IAcacia,\i with yellow or white flowers, esp. A. senegal yielding gum arabic.\p\B2\b (also \Bfalse acacia)\b the locust tree, Robinia pseudoacacia, grown for ornament. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, from Greek \Iakakia\i\c
<hw>academe</hw> \K/"ak\F'\ndi:m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IEducation\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the world of learning. \Bb\b universities collectively.\p\B2\b \Iliterary\i a college or university. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \IAkademos\i (see \J\Xacademy\x):\j used by Shakespeare \I(Love's Labour's Lost\i i. i. 13) and Milton \I(Paradise Regained\i iv. 244)\c
<hw>academia</hw> \K/ak\F'\n"di:mI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IEducation\i the academic world; scholastic life. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin: see \J\Xacademy\x\j\c
<hw>academic</hw> \K/ak\F'\n"dEmIk/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IEducation\i \Ba\b scholarly; to do with learning. \Bb\b of or relating to a scholarly institution \3(academic dress).\c\p\B2\b abstract; theoretical; not of practical relevance.\p\B3\b \IArt\i conventional, over-formal.\p\B4\b \IPhilos\i \Ba\b of or concerning Plato's philosophy. \Bb\b sceptical.\p\In.\i\p\IEducation\i a teacher or scholar in a university or institute of higher education. \Bacademically\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \IacadΘmique\i or Latin \Iacademicus\i (as \J\Xacademy\x)\j\c
<hw>academical</hw> \K/ak\F'\n"dEmIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IEducation\i \Iadj.\i belonging to a college or university.\p\In.\i\p\I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \BBrit.\b formal university attire.
<hw>academician</hw> \K/\F'\nkad\F'\n"mIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IEducation\i\p\B1\b a member of an Academy, esp. of the Royal Academy of Arts, the AcadΘmie franτaise, or the Russian Academy of Sciences.\p\B2\b \BUS\b an academic; an intellectual.\Ksense 2 new f. F. Abate Apr 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3French \IacadΘmicien\i (as \J\Xacademic\x)\j\c
<hw>academicism</hw> \K/ak\F'\n"dEmIsIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bacademism\b \K/\F'\n"kad\F'\nmIz(\F'\n)m/\k) \IArt\i academic principles or their application in art.
<hw>academic year</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IHorol\i a period of nearly a year reckoned from the time of the main student intake, usu. from the beginning of the autumn term to the end of the summer term.
<hw>academy</hw> \K/\F'\n"kad\F'\nmi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \IEducation\i \Ba\b a place of study or training in a special field \3(military academy;\c \2academy of dance).\c \Bb\b \Ihist.\i a place of study.\p\B2\b (usu. \BAcademy)\b a society or institution of distinguished scholars, artists, scientists, etc. \3(Royal Academy).\c\p\B3\b \BUS\b & \BSc.\b a secondary school, esp. \B(US)\b a private one.\p\B4\b \IPhilos\i \Ba\b Plato's followers or philosophical system. \Bb\b the garden near Athens where Plato taught. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IacadΘmie\i or Latin \Iacademia\i from Greek \Iakademeia,\i from \IAkademos\i the hero after whom Plato's garden was named\c
<hw>Acadian</hw> \K/\F'\n"keIdI\F'\nn/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\IPeople\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \Ihist.\i a native or inhabitant of the 17th-c. French colony of Acadia on the east coast of Canada. \Bb\b \Besp. Canad.\b a French-speaking descendant of the early French settlers in Acadia.\p\B2\b \BUS\b a descendant of the Acadians deported to Louisiana in the 18th c. (see \J\XCajun\x).\j\Krevised after Canad. COD Mar 94\k \Iadj.\i of or relating to Acadia or its people. \BEtymology:\b \3\IAcadie,\i the French name for Nova Scotia\c
<hw>-acal</hw> \K/\F'\nk(\F'\n)l/\k \Isuffix\i forming adjectives, often used to distinguish them from nouns in \I-ac\i \3(heliacal;\c \2maniacal).\c
<hw>acanthus</hw> \K/\F'\n"kanT\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b any herbaceous plant or shrub of the genus \IAcanthus,\i with spiny leaves.\p\B2\b \IArchit.\i a conventionalized representation of an acanthus leaf, used esp. as a decoration for Corinthian column capitals. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin from Greek \Iakanthos,\i from \Iakantha\i 'thorn', perhaps from \Iake\i 'sharp point'\c
<hw>acaricide</hw> \K/"ak\F'\nrIsVId/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem Hort\i a preparation for destroying mites.
<hw>acarid</hw> \K/"ak\F'\nrId/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i any small arachnid of the order Acarina, including mites and ticks. \Bacarology\b \K/ak\F'\n"rQl\F'\ndZi/\k\p\In.\i\p\K-ology new f. Collins, NSOED Dec 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \Iacarus\i + \J\X-id\x (3),\j from Greek \Iakari\i 'mite'\c
<hw>ACAS</hw> \K/"eIkas/\k \Iabbr.\i \IPolit\i (in the UK) Advisory, Conciliation, and Arbitration Service.
<hw>acausal</hw> \K/eI"kO:z(\F'\n)l/, /a-/\k \Iadj.\i not causal; not causally related.\Knew f. corpus, SOED Dec 93\k
<hw>accede</hw> \K/\F'\nk"si:d/\k \Iv.intr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i\p\B1\b take office, esp. become monarch.\p\B2\b assent or agree \3(acceded to the proposal).\c\p\B3\b \I(foll. by \Bto)\b\i formally subscribe to a treaty or other agreement. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Iaccedere\i (as \J\Xac-\x,\j \Icedere cess-\i 'go')\c
<hw>accelerando</hw> \K/\F'\nksEl\F'\n"rand\F'\nU/, /\F'\ntSEl-/\k \Iadv., adj., & n.\i \IMus.\i \Iadj. & adv.\i with a gradual increase of speed.\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Baccelerandos\b or \Baccelerandi\b \K/-di/\k) a passage performed accelerando. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian\c
<hw>accelerate</hw> \K/\F'\nk"sEl\F'\nreIt/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \Ba\b \IPhysics Transport\i (of a moving body, esp. a vehicle) move or begin to move more quickly; increase speed. \Bb\b (of a process) happen or reach completion more quickly.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b cause to increase speed. \Bb\b cause (a process) to happen more quickly. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iaccelerare\i (as \J\Xac-\x,\j \Icelerare\i from \Iceler\i 'swift')\c
<hw>acceleration</hw> \K/\F'\nksEl\F'\n"reIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPhysics\i the process or act of accelerating or being accelerated.\p\B2\b an instance of this.\p\B3\b \ITransport\i (of a vehicle etc.) the capacity to gain speed \3(the car has good acceleration).\c\p\B4\b \IPhysics\i the rate of change of velocity measured in terms of a unit of time. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IaccΘlΘration\i or Latin \Iacceleratio\i (as \J\Xaccelerate\x)\j\c
<hw>accelerative</hw> \K/\F'\nk"sEl\F'\nr\F'\ntIv/\k \Iadj.\i tending to increase speed; quickening.
<hw>accelerator</hw> \K/\F'\nk"sEl\F'\nreIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ITransport Mech\i a device for increasing speed, esp. the pedal that controls the speed of a vehicle's engine.\p\B2\b \IPhysics\i an apparatus for imparting high speeds to charged particles.\p\B3\b \IChem.\i a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction.
<hw>accelerator board</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Baccelerator card)\b \IComputing\i an accessory circuit board which can be plugged into a small computer to increase its speed of operation.\Knew f. Incs Sept 94\k
<hw>accelerometer</hw> \K/\F'\nksEl\F'\n"rQmIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMech Astronaut\i an instrument for measuring acceleration esp. of rockets. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xaccelerate\x\j + \J\X-meter\x\j\c
<hw>accent</hw> \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\K/"aks(\F'\n)nt/, /-sEnt/\k\p\B1\b a particular mode of pronunciation, esp. one associated with a particular region or group \3(Liverpool accent;\c \2German accent;\c \2upper-class accent).\c\p\B2\b \IPhonet\i prominence given to a syllable by stress or pitch.\p\B3\b \IPhonet\i a mark on a letter or word to indicate pitch, stress, or the quality of a vowel.\p\B4\b a distinctive feature or emphasis \3(an accent on comfort).\c\p\B5\b \IMus.\i emphasis on a particular note or chord. \Iv.tr.\i \K/ak"sEnt/\k\p\B1\b \IPhonet\i pronounce with an accent; emphasize (a word or syllable).\p\B2\b \IPhonet\i write or print accents on (words etc.).\p\B3\b accentuate.\p\B4\b \IMus.\i play (a note etc.) with an accent. \Baccentual\b \K/\F'\nk"sEntjU\F'\nl/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iaccentus\i (as \J\Xac-\x,\j \Icantus\i 'song') representing Greek \Iprosoidia\i \J(\Xprosody\x),\j or through French \Iaccent,\i \Iaccenter\i\c
<hw>accentor</hw> \K/\F'\nk"sEnt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a songbird of the Eurasian genus \IPrunella\i (formerly \IAccentor),\i e.g. the hedge sparrow or dunnock. \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Iaccentor\i from Latin \Iad\i 'to' + \Icantor\i 'singer'\c
<hw>accentuate</hw> \K/\F'\nk"sEntjUeIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i emphasize; make prominent. \Baccentuation\b \K/\F'\nksEntjU"eIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Iaccentuare accentuat-\i (as \J\Xaccent\x)\j\c
<hw>accept</hw> \K/\F'\nk"sEpt/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \I(also \Babsol.)\b\i consent to receive (a thing offered).\p\B2\b \I(also \Babsol.)\b\i give an affirmative answer to (an offer or proposal).\p\B3\b regard favourably; treat as welcome \3(her mother-in-law never accepted her).\c\p\B4\b \Ba\b believe or receive (an opinion, explanation, etc.) as adequate, valid, or correct. \Bb\b be prepared to subscribe to (a belief, philosophy, etc.).\p\B5\b receive as suitable \3(the hotel accepts traveller's cheques;\c \2the machine only accepts tokens).\c\p\B6\b \Ba\b tolerate; submit to \3(accepted the umpire's decision).\c \Bb\b \I(often foll. by \Bthat\b + clause)\i \Besp. Brit.\b be willing to believe \3(we accept that you meant well).\c\p\B7\b undertake (an office or responsibility).\p\B8\b \ICommerce\i agree to meet (a draft or bill of exchange). \Baccepter\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iaccepter\i or Latin \Iacceptare,\i from \Iaccipere\i (as \J\Xac-\x,\j \Icapere\i 'take')\c
<hw>acceptable</hw> \K/\F'\nk"sEpt\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b worthy of being accepted. \Bb\b pleasing, welcome.\p\B2\b adequate, satisfactory.\p\B3\b tolerable \3(an acceptable risk).\c \Bacceptability\b \K/\F'\nksEpt\F'\n"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bacceptableness\b\p\In.\i\p\Bacceptably\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Late Latin \Iacceptabilis\i (as \J\Xaccept\x)\j\c
<hw>acceptance</hw> \K/\F'\nk"sEpt(\F'\n)ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b willingness to receive (a gift, payment, duty, etc.).\p\B2\b an affirmative answer to an invitation or proposal.\p\B3\b \I(often foll. by \Bof)\b\i a willingness to accept (conditions, a circumstance, etc.).\p\B4\b \Ba\b approval, belief \3(found wide acceptance).\c \Bb\b willingness or ability to tolerate.\p\B5\b \ICommerce\i \Ba\b agreement to meet a bill of exchange. \Bb\b a bill so accepted. \BEtymology:\b \3French from \Iaccepter\i (as \J\Xaccept\x)\j\c
<hw>acceptation</hw> \K/aksEp"teIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISemantics\i a particular sense, or the generally recognized meaning, of a word or phrase. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from medieval Latin \Iacceptatio\i (as \J\Xaccept\x)\j\c
<hw>acceptor</hw> \K/\F'\nk"sEpt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ICommerce\i a person who accepts a bill.\p\B2\b \IPhysics\i an atom or molecule able to receive an extra electron, esp. an impurity in a semiconductor.\p\B3\b \IChem.\i a molecule or ion etc. to which electrons are donated in the formation of a bond.\p\B4\b \IElectr.\i a circuit tuned to resonate at a particular frequency.
<hw>access</hw> \K/"aksEs/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a way of approaching or reaching or entering \3(a building with rear access).\c\p\B2\b \Ba\b \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i the right or opportunity to reach, use, or visit; admittance \3(has access to secret files;\c \2was granted access to the prisoner).\c \Bb\b the condition of being readily approached; accessibility.\p\B3\b \I(often foll. by \Bof)\b\i an attack or outburst \3(an access of anger).\c\p\B4\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i \BBrit.\b \IBroadcasting Telev\i (of broadcasting) given over to minority or special-interest groups \3(access television).\c \Iv.tr.\i \Iesp. Computing\i gain access to (data, a file, etc.).\K'accession' omitted as rare Aug 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iacces\i or Latin \Iaccessus,\i from \Iaccedere\i (as \J\Xac-\x,\j \Icedere cess-\i 'go')\c The use of the verb to mean 'gain access to' in contexts other than computing (as in \IThe kitchen can be accessed from the dining room)\i is considered incorrect by some people.
<hw>accessary</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xaccessory\x.\j
<hw>accessible</hw> \K/\F'\nk"sEsIb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i\p\B1\b that can readily be reached, entered, or used.\p\B2\b (of a person) readily available (esp. to subordinates).\p\B3\b (in a form) easy to understand. \Baccessibility\b \K/\F'\nksEsI"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Baccessibly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iaccessible\i or Late Latin \Iaccessibilis\i (as \J\Xaccede\x)\j\c
<hw>accession</hw> \K/\F'\nk"sES(\F'\n)n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b entering upon an office (esp. the throne) or a condition (as manhood).\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i a thing added (e.g. a book to a library); increase, addition.\p\B3\b \ILaw\i the incorporation of one item of property in another.\p\B4\b assent; the formal acceptance of a treaty etc. \Iv.tr.\i \IBibliog\i record the addition of (a new item) to a library or museum. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iaccession\i or Latin \Iaccessio -onis\i (as \J\Xaccede\x)\j\c
<hw>accessorize</hw> \K/\F'\nk"sEs\F'\nrVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i \IFashion\i (also \B-ise)\b provide (an outfit etc.) with accessories.
<hw>accessory</hw> \K/\F'\nk"sEs(\F'\n)ri/\k \In. & adj.\i (also \Baccessary)\b\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b an additional or extra thing.\p\B2\b \I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i \Ba\b a small attachment or fitting. \Bb\b \IFashion\i a small item of (esp. a woman's) dress (e.g. shoes, gloves, handbag).\p\B3\b \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i \ILaw\i a person who helps in or knows the details of an (esp. illegal) act, without taking part in it. \Iadj.\i additional; contributing or aiding in a minor way; dispensable.\p\1accessory before (or after) the fact\c \ILaw\i a person who incites (or assists) another to commit a crime. \Baccessorial\b \K/aksE"sO:rI\F'\nl/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Iaccessorius\i (as \J\Xaccede\x)\j\c
<hw>access road</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ITransport\i\p\B1\b a road giving access to a place, site, or buildings.\p\B2\b a slip road.\Ksense 2 new in COD9 f. ALD, CED Jul 93\k
<hw>access time</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IComputing\i the time taken to retrieve data from storage.
<hw>acciaccatura</hw> \K/\F'\ntSak\F'\n"tU\F'\nr\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMus.\i a grace note performed as quickly as possible before an essential note of a melody. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian, from \Iacciacare\i 'to crush'\c
<hw>accidence</hw> \K/"aksId(\F'\n)ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGram\i the part of grammar that deals with the variable parts or inflections of words. \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin sense of Latin \Iaccidentia\i (translation of Greek \Iparepomena\i 'accompanying things'), neut. pl. of \Iaccidens\i (as \J\Xaccident\x)\j\c
<hw>accident</hw> \K/"aksId(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an event that is without apparent cause, or is unexpected \3(their early arrival was just an accident).\c\p\B2\b an unfortunate event, esp. one causing physical harm or damage, brought about unintentionally.\p\B3\b occurrence of things by chance; the working of fortune \3(accident accounts for much in life).\c\p\B4\b \Icolloq.\i an occurrence of involuntary urination or defecation.\p\B5\b an irregularity in structure.\p\1by accident\c unintentionally. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French and Late Latin \Iaccidens\i from Latin \Iaccidere\i (as \J\Xac-\x,\j \Icadere\i 'fall')\c
<hw>accidental</hw> \K/aksI"dEnt(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b happening by chance, unintentionally, or unexpectedly.\p\B2\b not essential to a conception; subsidiary.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMus.\i a sign indicating a momentary departure from the key signature by raising or lowering a note.\p\B2\b something not essential to a conception.\p\B3\b = \J\Xvagrant\x\p\In.\i\p3.\j\Ksense 3 new f. OERD Sep 94\k \Baccidentally\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Late Latin \Iaccidentalis\i (as \J\Xaccident\x)\j\c
<hw>accident-prone</hw> \Iadj.\i (of a person) subject to frequent accidents.
<hw>accidie</hw> \K/"aksIdi/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b laziness, sloth, apathy.\p\B2\b black despair.\Ksense 2 new in COD9 f. NSOED Jul 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Anglo-French \Iaccidie\i and Old French \Iaccide\i from medieval Latin \Iaccidia,\i alteration of Late Latin \J\Xacedia\x\j\c
<hw>accipiter</hw> \K/ak"sIpIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a short-winged, long-legged hawk of the genus \IAccipiter,\i e.g. a sparrowhawk, a goshawk.\Knew f. Collins, NSOED Mar 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = hawk, bird of prey\c
<hw>acclaim</hw> \K/\F'\n"kleIm/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b welcome or applaud enthusiastically; praise publicly.\p\B2\b \I(foll. by compl.)\i hail as \3(acclaimed him king;\c \2was acclaimed the winner).\c\p\In.\i\p\B1\b applause; welcome; public praise.\p\B2\b a shout of acclaim.\Kacclaimer omitted on lack of evidence Jul 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Iacclamare\i (as \J\Xac-\x,\j \Iclamare\i 'shout': spelling assimilated to \Iclaim)\i\c
<hw>acclamation</hw> \K/akl\F'\n"meIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b loud and eager assent to a proposal.\p\B2\b \I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i shouting in a person's honour.\p\B3\b the act or process of acclaiming.\p\1by acclamation\c \IPolit.\i\p\B1\b \BUS\b by overwhelming vocal approval and without ballot.\p\B2\b \BCanad.\b by virtue of being the sole candidate.\Ksense 2 of idiom new f. Kpb Sept 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iacclamatio\i (as \J\Xacclaim\x)\j\c
<hw>acclimate</hw> \K/\F'\n"klVIm\F'\nt/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \Besp. N. Amer.\b acclimatize.\p\B2\b \IBiol.\i adapt physiologically to environmental stress.\Ksense 2 f. OERD Apr 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iacclimater\i (as \J\Xa-\x (3)\j + \Iclimat\i \J\Xclimate\x)\j\c
<hw>acclimation</hw> \K/aklI"meIS(\F'\n)n/, /\F'\nklVI-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Besp. N. Amer.\b acclimatization.\p\B2\b \IBiol.\i physiological adaptation to environmental stress.\Ksense 2 f. OERD Apr 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3formed irregularly from \J\Xacclimate\x\j\c
<hw>acclimatize</hw> \K/\F'\n"klVIm\F'\ntVIz/\k\p\Iv.\i\p(also \B-ise)\b\p\B1\b \Itr.\i accustom to a new climate or to new conditions.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i become acclimatized. \Bacclimatization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Iacclimater:\i see \J\Xacclimate\x\j\c
<hw>acclivity</hw> \K/\F'\n"klIvIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b an upward slope. \Bacclivitous\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iacclivitas\i from \Iacclivis\i (as \J\Xac-\x,\j \Iclivis\i from \Iclivus\i 'slope')\c
<hw>accolade</hw> \K/"ak\F'\nleId/, /ak\F'\n"lA:d/, /-k\F'\nUl-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the awarding of praise; an acknowledgement of merit.\p\B2\b a touch made with a sword at the bestowing of a knighthood. \BEtymology:\b \3French from Provenτal \Iacolada\i (as \J\Xac-\x,\j Latin \Icollum\i 'neck')\c
<hw>accommodate</hw> \K/\F'\n"kQm\F'\ndeIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b provide lodging or room for \3(the flat accommodates three people).\c\p\B2\b adapt, harmonize, reconcile \3(must accommodate ourselves to new surroundings;\c \2cannot accommodate your needs to mine).\c\p\B3\b \Ba\b do a service or favour to; oblige (a person). \Bb\b \I(foll. by \Bwith)\b\i supply (a person) with. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iaccommodare\i (as \J\Xac-\x,\j \Icommodus\i 'fitting')\c
<hw>accommodation</hw> \K/\F'\nkQm\F'\n"deIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \I(in \Bsing.\b or \BUS\b in \Bpl.)\b\i room for receiving people, esp. a place to live or lodgings.\p\B2\b an adjustment or adaptation to suit a special or different purpose.\p\B3\b a convenient arrangement; a settlement or compromise.\p\B4\b the automatic adjustment of the focus of the eye by flattening or thickening of the lens.\Ksense 4 new f. Collins Mar 94\k\Ka seat in a vehicle etc. omitted on lack of evidence (1 ex in OED) Jul 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iaccommodation\i or Latin \Iaccommodatio -onis\i (as \J\Xaccommodate\x)\j\c
<hw>accommodation address</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b an address used on letters to a person who is unable or unwilling to give a permanent address.
<hw>accommodation bill</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i a bill to raise money on credit.
<hw>accommodationist</hw> \K/\F'\nkQm\F'\n"deIS(\F'\n)nIst/\k\p\In.\i\p\BUS\b \IPolit\i a person who seeks esp. political compromise.\Knew f. usab, Inc. Sept 94\k
<hw>accommodation ladder</hw>\p\In.\i\p\INaut\i a ladder up the side of a ship from a small boat.
<hw>accommodation road</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ITransport\i \BBrit.\b a road for access to a place not on a public road.
<hw>accompaniment</hw> \K/\F'\n"kVmp(\F'\n)nIm(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMus.\i an instrumental or orchestral part supporting or partnering a solo instrument, voice, or group.\p\B2\b an accompanying thing; an appendage. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iaccompagnement\i (as \J\Xaccompany\x)\j\c
<hw>accompanist</hw> \K/\F'\n"kVmp\F'\nnIst/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMus\i a person who provides a musical accompaniment.\Kaccompanyist omitted Aug 93\k
<hw>accompany</hw> \K/\F'\n"kVmp\F'\nni/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(-ies,\b \B-ied)\b\p\B1\b go with; escort, attend.\p\B2\b \I(usu. in \Bpassive;\b\i \Ifoll. by \Bwith,\b \Bby)\b\i \Ba\b be done or found with; supplement \3(speech accompanied with gestures).\c \Bb\b have as a result \3(pills accompanied by side effects).\c\p\B3\b \IMus.\i support or partner with accompaniment. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from French \Iaccompagner\i (as \J\Xa-\x (3)\j + Old French \Icompaing\i \J\Xcompanion\x (1)):\j assimilated to \J\Xcompany\x\j\c
<hw>accomplice</hw> \K/\F'\n"kVmplIs/, /\F'\n"kQm-/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i a partner or helper, esp. in a crime or wrongdoing. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English and French \Icomplice\i (probably by association with \J\Xaccompany\x),\j from Late Latin \Icomplex complicis\i 'confederate': cf. \J\Xcomplicate\x\j\c
<hw>accomplish</hw> \K/\F'\n"kVmplIS/, /\F'\n"kQm-/\k \Iv.tr.\i perform; complete; succeed in doing. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iacomplir\i from Latin \Icomplere\i \J\Xcomplete\x\j\c
<hw>accomplished</hw> \K/\F'\n"kVmplISt/, /\F'\n"kQm-/\k \Iadj.\i clever, skilled; well trained or educated.
<hw>accomplishment</hw> \K/\F'\n"kVmplISm(\F'\n)nt/, /\F'\n"kQm-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the fulfilment or completion (of a task etc.).\p\B2\b an acquired skill, esp. a social one.\p\B3\b a thing done or achieved.
<hw>accord</hw> \K/\F'\n"kO:d/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i (esp. of a thing) be in harmony; be consistent.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b grant (permission, a request, etc.). \Bb\b give (a welcome etc.).\p\In.\i\p\B1\b agreement, consent.\p\B2\b \IMus Art etc.\i harmony or harmonious correspondence in pitch, tone, colour, etc.\p\1in accord\c of one mind; united; in harmony.\Kin accord new in COD9 f. Wordfinder Jul 93\k\p\1of one's own accord\c on one's own initiative; voluntarily.\p\1with one accord\c unanimously; in a united way. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iacord,\i \Iacorder\i from Latin \Icor cordis\i 'heart'\c
<hw>accordance</hw> \K/\F'\n"kO:d(\F'\n)ns/\k\p\In.\i\pharmony, agreement.\p\1in accordance with\c in a manner corresponding to \3(we acted in accordance with your wishes).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iacordance\i (as \J\Xaccord\x)\j\c
<hw>accordant</hw> \K/\F'\n"kO:d(\F'\n)nt/\k \Iadj.\i \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i in tune; agreeing.\Kaccordantly omitted on lack of evidence Jul 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iacordant\i (as \J\Xaccord\x)\j\c
<hw>according</hw> \K/\F'\n"kO:dIN/\k \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b \I(foll. by \Bto)\b\i \Ba\b as stated by or in \3(according to my sister;\c \2according to their statement).\c \Bb\b in a manner corresponding to; in proportion to \3(he lives according to his principles).\c\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bas\b + clause)\i in a manner or to a degree that varies as \3(he pays according as he is able).\c
<hw>accordingly</hw> \K/\F'\n"kO:dINli/\k \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b as suggested or required by the (stated) circumstances \3(silence is vital so please act accordingly).\c\p\B2\b consequently, therefore \3(accordingly, he left the room).\c
<hw>accordion</hw> \K/\F'\n"kO:dI\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMus\i\p\B1\b a portable musical instrument with metal reeds blown by bellows, played by means of keys and buttons.\p\B2\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i folding like the bellows of an accordion \3(accordion pleat;\c \2accordion wall).\c \Baccordionist\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3German \IAkkordion\i from Italian \Iaccordare\i 'to tune'\c
<hw>accost</hw> \K/\F'\n"kQst/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b approach and address (a person), esp. boldly.\p\B2\b (of a prostitute) solicit. \BEtymology:\b \3originally in the sense 'lie or go alongside': French \Iaccoster\i from Italian \Iaccostare,\i ultimately from Latin \Icosta\i 'rib, side'\c
\B\Iaccouchement\b\i \K/a"ku:SmQ~/, French /akuSmA~/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i\p\B1\b childbirth.\p\B2\b the period of childbirth. \BEtymology:\b \3French from \Iaccoucher\i 'act as midwife'\c
\B\Iaccoucheur\b\i \K/aku:"S\F'\n:/, French /akuS9r/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a male midwife. \BEtymology:\b \3French (as \J\Xaccouchement\x)\j\c
<hw>account</hw> \K/\F'\n"kaUnt/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a narration or description \3(gave a long account of the ordeal).\c\p\B2\b \ICommerce\i \Ba\b an arrangement or facility at a bank or building society etc. for commercial or financial transactions, esp. for depositing and withdrawing money \3(opened an account).\c \Bb\b the assets credited by such an arrangement \3(has a large account;\c \2paid the money into her account).\c \Bc\b \Besp. Brit.\b an arrangement at a shop for buying goods on credit \3(has an account at the newsagent's).\c\p\B3\b \ICommerce\i \Ba\b \I(often in \Bpl.)\b\i a record or statement of money, goods, or services received or expended, with the balance \3(firms must keep detailed accounts).\c \Bb\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i the practice of accounting or reckoning \3(is good at accounts).\c\p\B4\b \ICommerce\i a statement of the administration of money in trust \3(demand an account).\c\p\B5\b \BBrit.\b \IStock Exch\i the period during which transactions take place on a stock exchange; the period from one account day to the next.\p\B6\b counting, reckoning. \Iv.tr.\i \I(foll. by \Bto be\b or compl.)\i consider, regard as \3(account it a misfortune;\c \2account him wise;\c \2account him to be guilty).\c\p\Baccount for\b\p\B1\b serve as or provide an explanation or reason for \3(that accounts for their misbehaviour).\c\p\B2\b \Ba\b give a reckoning of or answer for (money etc. entrusted). \Bb\b answer for (one's conduct).\p\B3\b succeed in killing, destroying, disposing of, or defeating.\p\B4\b supply or make up a specified amount or proportion of \3(rent accounts for 50\F%\n of expenditure).\c\p\1by all accounts\c in everyone's opinion.\p\1call to account\c require an explanation from (a person).\p\1give a good (or bad) account of oneself\c make a favourable (or unfavourable) impression; be successful (or unsuccessful).\p\1keep account of\c keep a record of; follow closely.\p\1leave out of account\c fail or decline to consider.\p\1money of account\c \ICommerce\i denominations of money used in reckoning, but not current as coins.\p\1of no account\c unimportant.\p\1of some account\c important.\p\1on account\c \ICommerce\i\p\B1\b (of goods) to be paid for later.\p\B2\b (of money) in part payment.\p\1on one's account\c for one's benefit \3(don't do it on my account).\c\Kon one's account new in COD9 f. POD Jul 93\k\p\1on account of\c because of.\p\1on no account\c under no circumstances; certainly not.\p\1on one's own account\c for one's own purposes; at one's own risk.\p\1settle (or square) accounts with\c\p\B1\b receive or pay money etc. owed to.\p\B2\b have revenge on.\p\1take account of\c (or \Btake into account)\b consider along with other factors \3(took their age into account).\c\p\1turn to account\c (or \Bgood account)\b turn to one's advantage. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iacont,\i \Iaconter\i (as \J\Xac-\x,\j \Iconter\i \J\Xcount\x (1))\j\c The use of the verb with \Ias\i (e.g. \IWe accounted him as wise)\i is considered incorrect in standard English.
<hw>accountable</hw> \K/\F'\n"kaUnt\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b responsible; required to account for one's conduct \3(accountable for one's actions).\c\p\B2\b explicable, understandable. \Baccountability\b \K/-"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Baccountably\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>accountancy</hw> \K/\F'\n"kaUnt(\F'\n)nsi/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i the profession or duties of an accountant.
<hw>accountant</hw> \K/\F'\n"kaUnt(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i a professional keeper or inspector of accounts. \BEtymology:\b \3legal French from pres. part. of Old French \Iaconter\i \J\Xaccount\x\j\c
<hw>account day</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IStock Exch\i a day of periodic settlement of stock exchange accounts.
<hw>account executive</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i a business executive, esp. in advertising, who manages a client's account.\Knew word in COD9 f. NSOED, RL, corpus Jul 93\k
<hw>accounting</hw> \K/\F'\n"kaUntIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ICommerce\i the process of or skill in keeping and verifying accounts.\p\B2\b \Iin senses of\i \J\Xaccount\x\p\Iv.\i\p\j
<hw>account rendered</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i a bill which has been sent but is not yet paid.
<hw>accounts payable</hw> \In.pl.\i \ICommerce\i money owed by a company.\Knew f. K. Barber, books in library\k
<hw>accounts receivable</hw> \In.pl.\i \ICommerce\i money owed to a company.\Knew f. K. Barber, books in library Aug 93\k
<hw>accoutre</hw> \K/\F'\n"ku:t\F'\n/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(US\b \Baccouter)\b (usu. as \Baccoutred,\b \BUS\b \B-tered\b \Iadj.)\i attire, equip, esp. with a special outfit. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iaccoutrer\i from Old French \Iacoustrer\i (as \J\Xa-\x (3),\j \Icousture\i 'sewing')\c
<hw>accoutrement</hw> \K/\F'\n"ku:t\F'\nm(\F'\n)nt/, /-tr\F'\n-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b also \Baccouterment\b \K/-t\F'\nm(\F'\n)nt/\k) \I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i\p\B1\b equipment, trappings.\p\B2\b \IMil.\i a soldier's outfit other than weapons and garments. \BEtymology:\b \3French (as \J\Xaccoutre\x)\j\c
<hw>accredit</hw> \K/\F'\n"krEdIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(accredited,\b \Baccrediting)\b\p\B1\b \I(foll. by \Bto)\b\i attribute (a saying etc.) to (a person).\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bwith)\b\i credit (a person) with (a saying etc.).\p\B3\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bto\b or \Bat)\b\i send (an ambassador etc.) with credentials; recommend by documents as an envoy \3(was accredited to the sovereign).\c\p\B4\b gain belief or influence for or make credible (an adviser, a statement, etc.). \Baccreditation\b \K/-"teIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \IaccrΘditer\i (as \J\Xac-\x,\j \IcrΘdit\i \J\Xcredit\x)\j\c
<hw>accredited</hw> \K/\F'\n"krEdItId/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b (of a person or organization) officially recognized.\p\B2\b (of a belief) generally accepted; orthodox.\p\B3\b (of cattle, milk, etc.) having guaranteed quality.
<hw>accrete</hw> \K/\F'\n"kri:t/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i grow together or into one.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i form round or on, as round a nucleus.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i attract (such additions). \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iaccrescere\i (as \J\Xac-\x,\j \Icrescere cret-\i 'grow')\c
<hw>accretion</hw> \K/\F'\n"kri:S(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the addition of external matter or things. \Bb\b growth by this means. \Bc\b a thing formed by such growth.\p\B2\b an extraneous addition to something.\p\B3\b the growing together or cohesion of separate things to form one.\p\B4\b \IBiol\i growth by organic enlargement.\p\B5\b \ILaw\i \Ba\b = \J\Xaccession\x\p\In.\i\p3.\j \Bb\b the increase of a legacy etc. by the share of a failing co-legatee.\Ksenses 1 - 4 recast after NSOED Mar 94\k \Baccretive\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iaccretio\i (as \J\Xaccrete\x)\j\c
<hw>accrue</hw> \K/\F'\n"kru:/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B(accrues,\b \Baccrued,\b \Baccruing)\b\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i come as a natural increase or advantage, esp. financial.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i accumulate; collect.\K2 new f. corpus, SOED Aug 94\k \Baccrual\b\p\In.\i\p\Baccrued\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Anglo-French \Iacru(e),\i past part. of \Iacreistre\i 'increase', from Latin \Iaccrescere\i \J\Xaccrete\x\j\c
<hw>acculturate</hw> \K/\F'\n"kVltS\F'\nreIt/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i adapt to or adopt a different culture.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i cause to do this. \Bacculturation\b \K/-"reIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bacculturative\b \K/-r\F'\ntIv/\k \Iadj.\i
<hw>accumulate</hw> \K/\F'\n"kju:mjUleIt/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b acquire an increasing number or quantity of; heap up. \Bb\b produce or acquire (a resulting whole) in this way.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i grow numerous or considerable; form an increasing mass or quantity. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iaccumulare\i (as \J\Xac-\x,\j \Icumulus\i 'heap')\c
<hw>accumulation</hw> \K/\F'\nkju:mjU"leIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or process of accumulating or being accumulated.\p\B2\b an accumulated mass.\p\B3\b the growth of capital by continued interest. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iaccumulatio\i (as \J\Xaccumulate\x)\j\c
<hw>accumulative</hw> \K/\F'\n"kju:mjUl\F'\ntIv/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b arising from accumulation; cumulative \3(accumulative evidence).\c\p\B2\b arranged so as to accumulate.\p\B3\b acquisitive; given to hoarding. \Baccumulatively\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>accumulator</hw> \K/\F'\n"kju:mjUleIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b \IElectr\i a rechargeable electric cell.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b a bet placed on a sequence of events, the winnings and stake from each being placed on the next.\p\B3\b \IComputing\i a register in a computer used to contain the results of an operation.\p\B4\b a person who accumulates things.
<hw>accuracy</hw> \K/"akjUr\F'\nsi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b exactness or precision, esp. arising from careful effort.\p\B2\b the degree of refinement in measurement or specification.\Ksense 2 new f. SOED Jan 94\k
<hw>accurate</hw> \K/"akjUr\F'\nt/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b careful, precise; lacking errors.\p\B2\b conforming exactly with the truth or with a given standard. \Baccurately\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iaccuratus\i 'done carefully', past part. of \Iaccurare\i (as \J\Xac-\x,\j \Icura\i 'care')\c
<hw>accursed</hw> \K/\F'\n"k\F'\n:sId/, /\F'\n"k\F'\n:st/\k \Iadj.\i \I(archaic\i \Baccurst\b \K/\F'\n"k\F'\n:st/\k)\p\B1\b lying under a curse; ill-fated.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i detestable, annoying. \BEtymology:\b \3past part. of \Iaccurse,\i from \J\Xa-\x (2)\j + \J\Xcurse\x\j\c
<hw>accusation</hw> \K/akjU"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or process of accusing or being accused.\p\B2\b \ILaw\i a statement charging a person with an offence or crime. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Iaccusatio -onis\i (as \J\Xaccuse\x)\j\c
<hw>accusative</hw> \K/\F'\n"kju:z\F'\ntIv/\k \In. & adj.\i \IGram.\i\p\In.\i\pthe case of nouns, pronouns, and adjectives, expressing the object of an action or the goal of motion. \Iadj.\i of or in this case.\Kaccusatival, accusatively omitted on lack of evidence Jul 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, from Old French \Iaccusatif -ive\i or Latin \I(casus)\i \Iaccusativus,\i translation of Greek \I(ptosis)\i \Iaitiatike\i '(the case) showing cause'\c
<hw>accusatorial</hw> \K/\F'\nkju:z\F'\n"tO:rI\F'\nl/\k \Iadj.\i \ILaw\i (of proceedings) involving accusation by a prosecutor and a verdict reached by an impartial judge or jury \I(opp.\i \J\Xinquisitorial\x 3).\j \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iaccusatorius\i (as \J\Xaccuse\x)\j\c
<hw>accusatory</hw> \K/\F'\n"kju:z\F'\nt(\F'\n)ri/\k \Iadj.\i (of language, manner, etc.) of or implying accusation.
<hw>accuse</hw> \K/\F'\n"kju:z/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \I(foll. by \Bof)\b\i \ILaw\i charge (a person etc.) with a fault or crime; indict \3(accused them of murder;\c \2was accused of stealing a car).\c\p\B2\b lay the blame on.\p\1the accused\c \ILaw\i the person or persons charged with a crime. \Baccuser\b\p\In.\i\p\Baccusingly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English \Iacuse\i via Old French \Iac(c)user\i from Latin \Iaccusare\i (as \J\Xac-\x,\j \J\Xcause\x)\j\c
<hw>accustom</hw> \K/\F'\n"kVst\F'\nm/\k \Iv.tr. & refl.\i \I(foll. by \Bto)\b\i make (a person or thing or oneself) used to \3(the army accustomed him to discipline;\c \2was accustomed to their strange ways).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iacostumer\i (as \J\Xac-\x,\j \Icostume\i \J\Xcustom\x)\j\c
<hw>accustomed</hw> \K/\F'\n"kVst\F'\nmd/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bto)\b\i used \3(accustomed to hard work).\c\p\B2\b customary, usual.
<hw>AC/DC</hw> \Iabbr.\i\p\B1\b \IElectr.\i alternating current/direct current.\p\B2\b \ISex\i \Islang\i bisexual.\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED Jul 93\k
<hw>ace</hw> \K/eIs/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ICards Games\i \Ba\b a playing card, domino, etc., with a single spot and generally having the value 'one' or in card games the highest value in each suit. \Bb\b a single spot on a playing card etc.\p\B2\b \Ba\b a person who excels in some activity. \Bb\b \IAeron.\i a pilot who has shot down many enemy aircraft.\p\B3\b \ITennis etc.\i \Ba\b a service that is too good for the opponent to return. \Bb\b a point scored in this way.\p\B4\b \IGolf\i a hole in one.\K4 new f. SOED Aug 94\k \Iadj.\i \Islang\i excellent.\p\1ace up one's sleeve\c (or \BN. Amer.\b \Bin the hole)\b something effective kept in reserve.\p\1play one's ace\c use one's best resource.\p\1within an ace of\c on the verge of. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Ias\i 'unity', \J\Xas\x (2)\j\c
<hw>-acea</hw> \K/"eIS\F'\n/\k \Isuffix\i \IZool\i forming the plural names of orders and classes of animals \3(Crustacea)\c \I(cf.\i \J\X-acean\x).\j \BEtymology:\b \3neut. pl. of Latin adjectival suffix \I-aceus\i 'of the nature of'\c
<hw>-aceae</hw> \K/"eIsIi:/\k \Isuffix\i \IBot\i forming the plural names of families of plants \3(Rosaceae).\c \BEtymology:\b \3fem. pl. of Latin adjectival suffix \I-aceus\i 'of the nature of'\c
<hw>-acean</hw> \K/"eIS(\F'\n)n/\k \Isuffix\i \IZool\i\p\B1\b forming adjectives, = \J\X-aceous\x.\j\p\B2\b forming nouns as the sing. of names in \I-acea\i \3(crustacean).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \I-aceus:\i see \J\X-acea\x\j\c
<hw>acedia</hw> \K/\F'\n"si:dI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p= \J\Xaccidie\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Iacedia\i from Greek \Iakedia\i 'listlessness'\c
<hw>acellular</hw> \K/eI"sEljUl\F'\n/\k \Iadj.\i \IBiol.\i\p\B1\b having no cells; not consisting of cells.\p\B2\b (esp. of protozoa) consisting of one cell only; unicellular.
<hw>-aceous</hw> \K/"eIS\F'\ns/\k \Isuffix\i \IZool Bot\i forming adjectives, esp. from nouns in \I-acea,\i \I-aceae\i \3(herbaceous;\c \2rosaceous).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \I-aceus:\i see \J\X-acea\x\j\c
<hw>acephalous</hw> \K/eI"sEf(\F'\n)l\F'\ns/, /-"kEf-/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b headless.\p\B2\b having no chief.\p\B3\b \IZool.\i having no part of the body specially organized as a head.\p\B4\b \IProsody\i lacking a syllable or syllables in the first foot. \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Iacephalus\i from Greek \Iakephalos\i 'headless' (as \J\Xa-\x (1),\j \Ikephale\i 'head')\c
<hw>acer</hw> \K/"eIs\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a tree or shrub of the genus \IAcer,\i which includes maples and the European sycamore.\Knew f. Collins, NSOED Mar 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = maple\c
<hw>acerbic</hw> \K/\F'\n"s\F'\n:bIk/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b astringently sour; harsh-tasting.\p\B2\b bitter in speech, manner, or temper. \Bacerbically\b \Iadv.\i \Bacerbity\b\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies).\b \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iacerbus\i 'sour-tasting'\c
<hw>acetabulum</hw> \K/asI"tabjUl\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bacetabula\b \K/-l\F'\n/\k)\p\B1\b \IAnat.\i the socket of the hip bone, into which the head of the femur fits.\p\B2\b \IZool\i a cup-shaped sucker in tapeworms, cuttlefish, and other animals. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin, = vinegar cup, from \Iacetum\i 'vinegar' + \I-abulum,\i diminutive of \I-abrum\i 'holder'\c
<hw>acetal</hw> \K/"asItal/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i any of a class of organic compounds formed by the condensation of two alcohol molecules with an aldehyde molecule. \BEtymology:\b \3as \J\Xacetic\x\j + \J\X-al\x\j\c
<hw>acetaminophen</hw> \K/\F'\nsEt\F'\n"mIn\F'\nfEn/, /%asIt-/\k\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b = \J\Xparacetamol\x.\j\KNew f. OERD, Incomings Aug 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3para-\Iacet\iyl\Iaminophen\iol (cf. \J\Xparacetamol\x\j\c
<hw>acetate</hw> \K/"asIteIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i\p\B1\b a salt or ester of acetic acid, esp. the cellulose ester used to make textiles, gramophone records, etc.; \Ialso called\i \Iethanoate.\i\p\B2\b a fabric made from cellulose acetate. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xacetic\x\j + \J\X-ate\x (1)\j\c
<hw>acetate fibre</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bacetate silk)\b \ITextiles\i fibre (or silk) made artificially from cellulose acetate.
<hw>acetic</hw> \K/\F'\n"si:tIk/, /\F'\n"sEt-/\k \Iadj.\i of or like vinegar or acetic acid. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IacΘtique\i from Latin \Iacetum\i 'vinegar'\c
<hw>acetic acid</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i the clear liquid acid that gives vinegar its characteristic taste. \IAlso called\i \Iethanoic acid.\i Chem. formula: CH3COOH.\Kformula\k
<hw>acetone</hw> \K/"asIt\F'\nUn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i a colourless volatile liquid ketone valuable as a solvent of organic compounds esp. paints, varnishes, etc. \IAlso called\i \Ipropanone.\i Chem. formula: CH3COCH3.\Kformula\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xaceto-\x\j + \J\X-one\x\j\c
<hw>acetous</hw> \K/\F'\n"si:t\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b having the qualities of vinegar.\p\B2\b producing vinegar.\p\B3\b sour. \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Iacetosus\i 'sour' (as \J\Xacetic\x)\j\c
<hw>acetyl</hw> \K/"asItVIl/, /-tIl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i the monovalent radical of acetic acid, CH3CO-.\Kformula\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xacetic\x\j + \J\X-yl\x\j\c
<hw>acetylcholine</hw> \K/asItIl"k\F'\nUli:n/, /asItVIl-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiochem\i a compound serving to transmit impulses from nerve fibres. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xacetyl\x\j + \J\Xcholine\x\j\c
<hw>acetylene</hw> \K/\F'\n"sEtIli:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i a colourless hydrocarbon gas, burning with a bright flame, used esp. in welding and formerly in lighting. \IAlso called\i \Iethyne.\i Chem. formula: C2H2.\Kformula\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xacetic\x\j + \J\X-yl\x\j + \J\X-ene\x\j\c
<hw>acetylide</hw> \K/\F'\n"sEtIlVId/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i any of a class of salts formed from acetylene and a metal.
<hw>Achaean</hw> \K/\F'\n"ki:\F'\nn/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of or relating to Achaea in ancient Greece.\p\B2\b \Iliterary\i (esp. in Homeric contexts) Greek.\p\In.\i\p\IPeople\i\p\B1\b an inhabitant of Achaea.\p\B2\b \I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i \Iliterary\i a Greek. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \IAchaeus\i from Greek \IAkhaios\i\c
<hw>Achaemenid</hw> \K/\F'\n"ki:m\F'\nnId/\k \Iadj. & n.\i (also \BAchaemenian\b \K/akI"mi:nI\F'\nn/\k) \Iadj.\i of or relating to the dynasty ruling in Persia from Cyrus I to Darius III (553-330 bc).\p\In.\i\p\IPeople\i a member of this dynasty. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \IAchaemenius\i from Greek \IAkhaimenes,\i the name of the ancestor of the dynasty\c
\B\Iacharnement\b\i \K/\F'\n"SA:nmQ~/, French /aSarn\F'\nmA~/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b bloodthirsty fury; ferocity.\p\B2\b gusto. \BEtymology:\b \3French\c
<hw>ache</hw> \K/eIk/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a continuous or prolonged dull pain.\p\B2\b mental distress. \Iv.intr.\i\p\B1\b suffer from or be the source of an ache \3(I ached all over;\c \2my left leg ached).\c\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bto\b + infin.)\i desire greatly \3(we ached to be at home again).\c \Bachingly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iµce\i \I(n.),\i \Iacan\i \I(v.)\i\c
<hw>achene</hw> \K/\F'\n"ki:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot.\i a small dry one-seeded fruit that does not open to liberate the seed (e.g. a strawberry pip). \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \Iachaenium\i (as \J\Xa-\x (1),\j Greek \Ikhaino\i 'gape')\c
<hw>Acheulian</hw> \K/\F'\n"Su:lI\F'\nn/\k \Iadj. & n.\i (also \BAcheulean)\b \IArchaeol\i \Iadj.\i of the palaeolithic period in Europe etc. following the Abbevillian and preceding the Mousterian.\p\In.\i\pthe culture of this period. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IacheulΘen\i from St-\IAcheul\i in N. France, where remains dating from this period were found\c
<hw>achieve</hw> \K/\F'\n"tSi:v/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b reach or attain by effort \3(achieved victory).\c \Bb\b acquire, gain, earn \3(achieved notoriety).\c\p\B2\b accomplish or carry out (a feat or task).\p\B3\b \Iabsol.\i be successful; attain a desired level of performance. \Bachievable\b \Iadj.\i \Bachiever\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iachever\i 'come or bring to a head' from \Ia chief\i 'to a head'\c
<hw>achievement</hw> \K/\F'\n"tSi:vm(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b something achieved.\p\B2\b \Ba\b the act or process of achieving. \Bb\b an instance of this.\p\B3\b \IPsychol.\i performance in a standardized test.\p\B4\b \IHeraldry\i a representation of a coat of arms with all the adjuncts to which a bearer of arms is entitled.
<hw>achillea</hw> \K/akI"li:\F'\n/, /a"kIlI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i any plant of the genus \IAchillea\i (daisy family), usu. aromatic with heads of small white or yellow flowers, e.g. common yarrow or milfoil. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, from Greek \IAkhilleios,\i a plant supposed to have been used medicinally by Achilles\c
<hw>Achilles heel</hw> \K/\F'\n"kIli:z/\k\p\In.\i\pa person's weak or vulnerable point.\Kspelling changed in accordance with corpus evidence Jul 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \IAchilles\i from Greek \IAkhilleus,\i a hero in the \IIliad,\i invulnerable except in the heel\c
<hw>Achilles tendon</hw> \K/\F'\n"kIli:z/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnat\i the tendon connecting the heel with the calf muscles.\Kspelling changed in accordance with corpus evidence Jul 93\k
<hw>achiral</hw> \K/eI"kVI\F'\nr(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \IChem.\i (of a crystal or molecule) not chiral.
<hw>achondroplasia</hw> \K/\F'\nkQndr\F'\n"pleIzj\F'\n/, /eI%kQn-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed.\i a hereditary condition in which the growth of long bones by ossification of cartilage is retarded, resulting in very short limbs and often a small face. \Bachondroplasic\b \Iadj.\i \Bachondroplastic\b \K/-"plastIk/\k \Iadj.\i\Knew f. Collins, NSOED Mar 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xa-\x (1)\j + Greek \Ikhondros\i 'cartilage' + \Iplasis\i 'moulding' + \J\X-ia\x (1)\j\c
<hw>achromat</hw> \K/"akr\F'\n(U)mat/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i a lens made achromatic by correction.
<hw>achromatic</hw> \K/akr\F'\n(U)"matIk/\k \Iadj.\i \IOptics\i\p\B1\b that transmits light without separating it into constituent colours \3(achromatic lens).\c\p\B2\b without colour \3(achromatic fringe).\c \Bachromatically\b \Iadv.\i \Bachromaticity\b \K/\F'\nkr\F'\nUm\F'\n"tIsIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bachromatism\b \K/\F'\n"kr\F'\nUm\F'\ntIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Iachromatique\i from Greek \Iakhromatos\i (as \J\Xa-\x (1),\j \J\Xchromatic\x)\j\c
<hw>achy</hw> \K/"eIki/\k \Iadj.\i full of or suffering from aches.
<hw>acid</hw> \K/"asId/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IChem.\i \Ba\b any of a class of substances that liberate hydrogen ions in water, are usu. sour and corrosive, turn litmus red, and have a pH of less than 7. \Bb\b any compound or atom donating protons.\p\B2\b (in general use) any sour substance.\p\B3\b \Islang\i the drug LSD. \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b sharp-tasting; sour.\p\B2\b biting, sharp \3(an acid wit).\c\p\B3\b \IChem.\i having the essential properties of an acid.\p\B4\b \IGeol.\i containing much silica.\p\B5\b (of a colour) intense, bright.\p\1put the acid on\c \BAustral.\b \Islang\i seek to extract a loan or favour etc. from. \Bacidic\b \K/\F'\n"sIdIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Bacidimetry\b \K/asI"dImItri/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bacidly\b \Iadv.\i \Bacidness\b\p\In.\i\p\Kacidimeter omitted Feb 93: obs. in NSOED\k \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iacide\i or Latin \Iacidus,\i from \Iacere\i 'be sour'\c
<hw>acid drop</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IFood\i a kind of sweet with a sharp taste.
<hw>acid head</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Islang\i a user of the drug LSD.
<hw>acid house</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMus\i a kind of synthesized music with a simple repetitive beat, often associated with the taking of hallucinogenic drugs \I(often \Battrib.:\b\i \2acid house parties).\c
<hw>acidify</hw> \K/\F'\n"sIdIfVI/\k \Iv.tr. & intr.\i \B(-ies,\b \B-ied)\b make or become acid. \Bacidification\b \K/-fI"keIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>acidity</hw> \K/\F'\n"sIdIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b an acid quality or state, esp. an excessively acid condition of the stomach.
<hw>acidophilic</hw> \K/asId\F'\n"fIlIk/, /\F'\nsId-/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IBiol.\i (of a cell etc.) readily stained with acid dyes.\p\B2\b \Iesp. Bot.\i growing best in acidic conditions.\Knew f. OERD Apr 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xacid\x\j + \J\X-philic\x\j (see \J\X-philia\x)\j\c
<hw>acidophilus</hw> \K/asI"dQfIl\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiol\i a bacterium, Lactobacillus acidophilus, used to make yogurt and to supplement the intestinal flora.\Knew f. incomings Apr 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin, = acid-loving\c
<hw>acidosis</hw> \K/asI"d\F'\nUsIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i an over-acid condition of the body fluids or tissues. \Bacidotic\b \K/-"dQtIk/\k \Iadj.\i
<hw>acid radical</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i a radical formed by the removal of hydrogen ions from an acid.
<hw>acid rain</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IEcol\i rain containing acid formed in the atmosphere esp. from industrial waste gases.
<hw>acid test</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a severe or conclusive test.\p\B2\b \IMineral\i a test in which acid is used to test for gold etc.
<hw>acidulate</hw> \K/\F'\n"sIdjUleIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i make somewhat acid. \Bacidulation\b \K/-"leIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iacidulus,\i diminutive of \Iacidus\i 'sour'\c
<hw>acinus</hw> \K/"asIn\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bacini\b \K/-nVI/\k) \IAnat.\i a small saclike cavity, esp. one in a gland surrounded by secretory cells. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = berry, kernel\c
<hw>-acious</hw> \K/"eIS\F'\ns/\k \Isuffix\i forming adjectives meaning 'inclined to, full of' \3(vivacious;\c \2pugnacious;\c \2voracious;\c \2capacious).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \I-ax -acis,\i added chiefly to verbal stems to form adjectives + \J\X-ous\x\j\c
<hw>-acity</hw> \K/"asIti/\k \Isuffix\i forming nouns of quality or state corresponding to adjectives in \I-acious.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \I-acitΘ\i or Latin \I-acitas -tatis\i\c
<hw>ack-ack</hw> \K/ak"ak/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IMil\i \Icolloq.\i \Iadj.\i anti-aircraft.\p\In.\i\pan anti-aircraft gun etc. \BEtymology:\b \3formerly signallers' name for the letters \IAA\i\c
<hw>ackee</hw> \K/"aki/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bakee)\b \IBot\i\p\B1\b a tropical tree, Blighia sapida.\p\B2\b its fruit, edible when cooked. \BEtymology:\b \3Kru \Iakee\i\c
<hw>ack emma</hw> \K/ak "Em\F'\n/\k \Iadv. & n.\i \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i = \J\Xa.m.\x\j \BEtymology:\b \3formerly signallers' name for the letters \IAM\i\c
<hw>acknowledge</hw> \K/\F'\nk"nQlIdZ/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b recognize; accept; admit the truth of \3(acknowledged the failure of the plan).\c \Bb\b \I(often foll. by \Bto be\b + compl.)\i recognize as \3(acknowledged it to be a great success).\c \Bc\b \I(often foll. by \Bthat\b + clause or \Bto\b + infin.)\i admit that something is so \3(acknowledged that he was wrong;\c \2acknowledged him to be wrong).\c\p\B2\b \ICommerce\i confirm the receipt of \3(acknowledged her letter).\c\p\B3\b \Ba\b show that one has noticed \3(acknowledged my arrival with a grunt).\c \Bb\b express appreciation of (a service etc.).\p\B4\b own; recognize the validity of \3(the acknowledged king).\c \Backnowledgeable\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3obsolete verb \Iknowledge,\i influenced by obsolete \Iacknow\i (as \J\Xa-\x (4),\j \J\Xknow\x),\j or from obsolete noun \Iacknowledge:\i see \J\Xknowledge\x\j\c
<hw>acknowledgement</hw> \K/\F'\nk"nQlIdZm(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Backnowledgment)\b\p\B1\b the act or an instance of acknowledging.\p\B2\b \Ba\b a thing given or done in return for a service etc. \Bb\b a letter confirming receipt of something.\p\B3\b \I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i \ILiterature\i an author's statement of indebtedness to others.
<hw>acme</hw> \K/"akmi/\k\p\In.\i\pthe highest point or period (of achievement, success, etc.); the peak of perfection \3(displayed the acme of good taste).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Greek, = highest point\c
<hw>acne</hw> \K/"akni/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed.\i a skin condition, usu. of the face, characterized by red pimples. \Bacned\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin, from erroneous Greek \Iaknas\i for \Iakmas,\i accusative pl. of \Iakme\i 'facial eruption': cf. \J\Xacme\x\j\c
<hw>acolyte</hw> \K/"ak\F'\nlVIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IRelig\i a person assisting a priest in a service or procession.\p\B2\b an assistant; a beginner. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iacolyt\i or ecclesiastical Latin \Iacolytus,\i from Greek \Iakolouthos\i 'follower'\c
<hw>aconite</hw> \K/"ak\F'\nnVIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \IBot\i any poisonous plant of the genus \IAconitum\i (buttercup family), esp. monkshood or wolfsbane. \Bb\b \IPharm\i = \J\Xaconitine\x.\j\p\B2\b (in full \Bwinter aconite)\b \IBot\i any related plant of the genus \IEranthis,\i with yellow flowers.\Kaconitic omitted Mar 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iaconit\i or Latin \Iaconitum,\i from Greek \Iakoniton\i\c
<hw>aconitine</hw> \K/\F'\n"kQnIti:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i a poisonous alkaloid obtained from the aconite.
<hw>acorn</hw> \K/"eIkO:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i the fruit of the oak, a smooth nut in a rough cuplike base. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iµcern,\i related to \Iµcer\i \J\Xacre\x,\j later associated with \J\Xoak\x\j and \J\Xcorn\x (1)\j\c
<hw>acorn barnacle</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i any stalkless barnacle of the family Balanidae, forming a sharp-edged encrustation on rocks by the sea.
<hw>acorn worm</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i any wormlike burrowing marine animal of the phylum Hemichordata, having a proboscis and gill slits, and inhabiting seashores.
<hw>acotyledon</hw> \K/\F'\nkQtI"li:d(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a plant with no distinct seed-leaves. \Bacotyledonous\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \Iacotyledones\i pl. (as \J\Xa-\x (1),\j \J\Xcotyledon\x)\j\c
<hw>acoustic</hw> \K/\F'\n"ku:stIk/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IPhysics\i relating to sound or the sense of hearing.\p\B2\b (of a musical instrument, gramophone, or recording) not having electrical amplification \3(acoustic guitar).\c\p\B3\b \IBuilding\i (of building materials) used for soundproofing or modifying sound.\p\B4\b \IMil.\i (of a mine) that can be exploded by sound waves transmitted under water.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i \IPhysics\i the properties or qualities (esp. of a room or hall etc.) in transmitting sound \3(good acoustics;\c \2a poor acoustic).\c\p\B2\b \I(in \Bpl.;\b\i \Iusu. treated as \Bsing.)\b\i the science of sound \3(acoustics is not widely taught).\c \Bacoustical\b \Iadj.\i \Bacoustically\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iakoustikos\i from \Iakouo\i 'hear'\c
<hw>acoustic coupler</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IComputing\i a modem which converts digital signals into audible signals and vice versa, so that the former can be transmitted and received over telephone lines.
<hw>acoustician</hw> \K/aku:"stIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i an expert in acoustics.
<hw>acquaint</hw> \K/\F'\n"kweInt/\k \Iv.tr. & refl.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bwith)\b\i make (a person or oneself) aware of or familiar with \3(acquaint me with the facts).\c\p\1be acquainted with\c have personal knowledge of (a person or thing). \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iacointier\i from Late Latin \Iaccognitare\i (as \J\Xac-\x,\j \Icognoscere cognit-\i 'come to know')\c
<hw>acquaintance</hw> \K/\F'\n"kweInt(\F'\n)ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bwith)\b\i slight knowledge (of a person or thing).\p\B2\b the fact or process of being acquainted \3(our acquaintance lasted a year).\c\p\B3\b a person one knows slightly.\p\1make one's acquaintance\c first meet or introduce oneself to another person.\p\1make the acquaintance of\c (or \Bmake a person's acquaintance)\b meet (a person) for the first time; come to know.\Kvar. new from corpus, WF Jul 93\k \Bacquaintanceship\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iacointance\i (as \J\Xacquaint\x)\j\c
<hw>acquaintance rape</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ISex Law\i the rape of a girl or woman by a person known to her.\Knew f. NSOED, NEWS Feb 94\k
<hw>acquiesce</hw> \K/akwI"Es/\k \Iv.intr.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bin)\b\i agree, esp. tacitly; accept (an arrangement).\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i raise no objection.\Ksenses combined Aug 94\k \Bacquiescence\b\p\In.\i\p\Bacquiescent\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iacquiescere\i (as \J\Xac-\x,\j \Iquiescere\i 'rest')\c
<hw>acquire</hw> \K/\F'\n"kwVI\F'\n/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b gain by and for oneself; obtain.\p\B2\b come into possession of \3(acquired fame;\c \2acquired much property).\c \Bacquirable\b \Iadj.\i \Bacquirer\b\p\In.\i\p\K-er new f. SOED, corpus Dec 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iaquerre,\i ultimately from Latin \Iacquirere\i (as \J\Xac-\x,\j \Iquaerere\i 'seek')\c
<hw>acquired characteristic</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBiol.\i a characteristic caused by the environment, not inherited.
<hw>acquired taste</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a liking gained by experience.\p\B2\b the object of such a liking.
<hw>acquirement</hw> \K/\F'\n"kwVI\F'\nm(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b something acquired, esp. a mental attainment.\p\B2\b the act or an instance of acquiring.
<hw>acquisition</hw> \K/akwI"zIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b something acquired, esp. if regarded as useful.\p\B2\b the act or an instance of acquiring. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iacquisitio\i (as \J\Xacquire\x)\j\c
<hw>acquisitive</hw> \K/\F'\n"kwIzItIv/\k \Iadj.\i keen to acquire things; avaricious; materialistic. \Bacquisitively\b \Iadv.\i \Bacquisitiveness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Iacquisitive\i or Late Latin \Iacquisitivus\i (as \J\Xacquire\x)\j\c
<hw>acquit</hw> \K/\F'\n"kwIt/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B(acquitted,\b \Bacquitting)\b\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bof)\b\i \ILaw\i declare (a person) not guilty \3(were acquitted of the offence).\c\p\B2\b \Irefl.\i \Ba\b conduct oneself or perform in a specified way \3(we acquitted ourselves well).\c \Bb\b \I(foll. by \Bof)\b\i discharge (a duty or responsibility). \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iaquiter\i from medieval Latin \Iacquitare\i 'pay a debt' (as \J\Xac-\x,\j \J\Xquit\x)\j\c
<hw>acquittal</hw> \K/\F'\n"kwIt(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ILaw\i the process of freeing or being freed from a charge, esp. by a judgement of not guilty.\p\B2\b performance of a duty.
<hw>acquittance</hw> \K/\F'\n"kwIt(\F'\n)ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i\p\B1\b payment of or release from a debt.\p\B2\b a written receipt attesting settlement of a debt. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iaquitance\i (as \J\Xacquit\x)\j\c
<hw>acre</hw> \K/"eIk\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a measure of land, 4,840 sq. yards, 0.405 hectare.\p\B2\b \I(in \Bpl.;\b usu. foll. by \Bof)\b\i a large area or amount.\Ksense 'field' omitted Apr 94\k \Bacred\b \Iadj.\i \I(esp. in \Bcomb.).\b\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iµcer,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>acreage</hw> \K/"eIk(\F'\n)rIdZ/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a number of acres.\p\B2\b an extent of land.
<hw>acrid</hw> \K/"akrId/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b bitterly pungent; irritating; corrosive.\p\B2\b bitter in temper or manner. \Bacridity\b \K/\F'\n"krIdIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bacridly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3formed irregularly from Latin \Iacer acris\i 'keen' + \J\X-id\x (1),\j probably influenced by \Iacid\i\c
<hw>acridine</hw> \K/"akrIdi:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i a solid colourless organic compound used in the manufacture of dyes and drugs. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xacrid\x\j + \J\X-ine\x (4)\j\c
<hw>acriflavine</hw> \K/akrI"fleIvIn/, /-i:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPharm\i a reddish powder used as an antiseptic. \BEtymology:\b \3formed irregularly from \J\Xacridine\x\j + \J\Xflavine\x\j\c
<hw>acrimonious</hw> \K/akrI"m\F'\nUnI\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i bitter in manner or temper. \Bacrimoniously\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iacrimonieux,\i \I-euse\i via medieval Latin \Iacrimoniosus\i from Latin \Iacrimonia\i \J\Xacrimony\x\j\c
<hw>acrimony</hw> \K/"akrIm\F'\nni/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b bitterness of temper or manner; ill feeling. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iacrimonie\i or Latin \Iacrimonia\i 'pungency' (as \J\Xacrid\x)\j\c
<hw>acrobat</hw> \K/"akr\F'\nbat/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ITheatr\i a performer of spectacular gymnastic feats.\p\B2\b a person noted for constant change of mind, allegiance, etc. \Bacrobatic\b \K/akr\F'\n"batIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Bacrobatically\b \K/akr\F'\n"batIk(\F'\n)li/\k \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iacrobate\i from Greek \Iakrobates,\i from \Iakron\i 'summit' + \Ibaino\i 'walk'\c
<hw>acrobatics</hw> \K/akr\F'\n"batIks/\k \In.pl.\i\p\B1\b acrobatic feats.\p\B2\b \I(treated as \Bsing.)\b\i the art of performing these.\p\B3\b a skill requiring ingenuity \3(mental acrobatics).\c
<hw>acromegaly</hw> \K/akr\F'\n(U)"mEg\F'\nli/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed.\i abnormal growth of the hands, feet, and face, caused by overproduction of growth hormone by the pituitary gland. \Bacromegalic\b \K/-mI"galIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \IacromΘgalie,\i from Greek \Iakron\i 'extremity' + \Imegas megal-\i 'great'\c
<hw>acronym</hw> \K/"akr\F'\nnIm/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILinguistics\i a word, usu. pronounced as such, formed from the initial letters of other words (e.g. \IErnie,\i \Ilaser,\i \INato).\i \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iakron\i 'end' + \Ionuma\i = \Ionoma\i 'name'\c
<hw>acropetal</hw> \K/\F'\n"krQpIt(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \IBot.\i developing from below upwards. \Bacropetally\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iakron\i 'tip' + Latin \Ipetere\i 'seek'\c
<hw>acrophobia</hw> \K/akr\F'\n"f\F'\nUbI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPsychol.\i an abnormal dread of heights. \Bacrophobic\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iakron\i 'peak' + \J\X-phobia\x\j\c
<hw>acropolis</hw> \K/\F'\n"krQp\F'\nlIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IFortification\i a citadel or upper fortified part of an ancient Greek city.\p\B2\b \B(Acropolis)\b the ancient citadel at Athens. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iakropolis\i from \Iakron\i 'summit' + \Ipolis\i 'city'\c
<hw>across</hw> \K/\F'\n"krQs/\k \Iprep. & adv.\i \Iprep.\i\p\B1\b to or on the other side of \3(walked across the road;\c \2lives across the river).\c\p\B2\b from one side to another side of \3(the cover stretched across the opening;\c \2a bridge across the river).\c\p\B3\b at or forming an angle (esp. a right angle) with \3(deep cuts across his legs).\c \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b to or on the other side \3(ran across;\c \2shall soon be across).\c\p\B2\b from one side to another \3(a blanket stretched across).\c\p\B3\b forming a cross \3(with cuts across).\c\p\B4\b (of a crossword clue or answer) read horizontally \3(cannot do nine across).\c\p\1across the board\c general; generally; applying to all. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ia croix,\i \Ien croix\i 'in, on a cross', later regarded as from \J\Xa\x (2)\j + \J\Xcross\x\j\c
<hw>acrostic</hw> \K/\F'\n"krQstIk/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IProsody\i a poem or other composition in which certain letters in each line form a word or words.\p\B2\b \IGames\i a word-puzzle constructed in this way. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iacrostiche\i or Greek \Iakrostikhis,\i from \Iakron\i 'end' + \Istikhos\i 'row, line of verse', assimilated to \J\X-ic\x\j\c
<hw>acrylic</hw> \K/\F'\n"krIlIk/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \ITextiles\i made with a synthetic polymer derived from acrylic acid.\p\B2\b \IChem.\i of or derived from acrylic acid.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ITextiles\i an acrylic textile fibre.\p\B2\b \I(also in \Bpl.)\b\i acrylic paint.\Ksense 2 paint new f. JHM, OERD Mar 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3\Iacrolein\i (from Latin \Iacer acris\i 'pungent' + \Iolere\i 'to smell') + \J\X-yl\x\j + \J\X-ic\x\j\c
<hw>acrylic acid</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i a pungent liquid organic acid. Chem. formula: C3H4O2.\Kformula\k
<hw>acrylic resin</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i any of various transparent colourless polymers of acrylic acid.
<hw>ACT</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IGeog\i Australian Capital Territory.
<hw>act</hw> \K/akt/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b something done; a deed; an action.\p\B2\b the process of doing something \3(caught in the act).\c\p\B3\b \Ba\b a piece of entertainment, usu. one of a series in a programme. \Bb\b the performer(s) of this.\p\B4\b a pretence; behaviour intended to deceive or impress \3(it was all an act).\c\p\B5\b \ITheatr\i a main division of a play or opera.\p\B6\b \ILaw\i \Ba\b (also \BAct)\b a written ordinance of a parliament or other legislative body. \Bb\b a document attesting a legal transaction.\p\B7\b \I(often in \Bpl.)\b\i the recorded decisions or proceedings of a committee, an academic body, etc.\p\B8\b \B(Acts)\b (in full \BActs of the Apostles)\b \IRelig\i the New Testament book relating the growth of the early Church.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i behave \3(see how they act under stress).\c\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i perform actions or functions; operate effectively; take action \3(act as referee;\c \2the brakes failed to act;\c \2we must act quickly).\c\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i \I(also foll. by \Bon)\b\i exert energy or influence \3(the medicine soon began to act;\c \2alcohol acts on the brain).\c\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i \Ba\b \ITheatr\i perform a part in a play, film, etc. \Bb\b pretend.\p\B5\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b \ITheatr\i perform the part of \3(acted Othello;\c \2acts the fool).\c \Bb\b \ITheatr\i perform (a play etc.). \Bc\b portray (an incident) by actions. \Bd\b feign \3(we acted indifference).\c\p\Bact for\b \ILaw\i be the (esp. legal) representative of.\p\1act of God\c \ILaw\i an instance of uncontrollable natural forces in operation.\p\1act of grace\c a privilege or concession that cannot be claimed as a right.\p\Bact on\b (or \Bupon)\b perform or carry out; put into operation \3(acted on my advice).\c\p\Bact out\b\p\B1\b translate (ideas etc.) into action.\p\B2\b \IPsychol.\i represent (one's subconscious desires etc.) in action.\p\Bact up\b \Icolloq.\i misbehave; give trouble \3(my car is acting up again).\c\p\1get one's act together\c \Islang\i become properly organized; make preparations for an undertaking etc.\p\1get in on the act\c \Islang\i become a participant (esp. for profit).\Kget into the act omitted f. COD9, get in on the act new in COD9 f. corpus, COD box Jul 93\k\p\1put on an act\c \Icolloq.\i carry out a pretence. \Bactable\b \Iadj.\i (in sense 5 of\p\Iv.\i\p). \Bactability\b \K/-"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p(in sense 5 of\p\Iv.\i\p). \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, ultimately from Latin \Iagere act-\i 'do'\c
<hw>actin</hw> \K/"aktIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiochem.\i a protein which with myosin forms the contractile filaments of muscle fibres.\Knew from NSOED Jul 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iaktis\i \I-inos\i 'ray' + \J\X-in\x\j\c
<hw>acting</hw> \K/"aktIN/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ITheatr\i the art or occupation of performing parts in plays, films, etc.\p\B2\b \Iin senses of\i \J\Xact\x\p\Iv.\i\p\j \Iattrib.adj.\i serving temporarily or on behalf of another or others \3(acting manager;\c \2Acting Captain).\c
<hw>acting pilot officer</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMil Aeron\i a rank in the RAF above warrant officer and below pilot officer.\Knew f. COD box, research Aug 94\k
<hw>actinia</hw> \K/ak"tInI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bactiniae\b \K/-nIi:/\k) \IZool\i a sea anemone, esp. of the genus \IActinia.\i \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin, from Greek \Iaktis -inos\i 'ray'\c
<hw>actinide</hw> \K/"aktInVId/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bactinoid\b \K/"aktInOId/\k) \IChem.\i any of the series of 15 radioactive elements of increasing atomic number from actinium (no. 89) to lawrencium (no. 103). \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xactinium\x\j + \J\X-ide\x\j on the pattern of \Ilanthanide\i\c
<hw>actinide series</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i the series of 15 radioactive elements from actinium to lawrencium.
<hw>actinism</hw> \K/"aktInIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i the property of short-wave radiation that produces chemical changes, as in photography. \Bactinic\b \K/ak"tInIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iaktis -inos\i 'ray'\c
<hw>actinium</hw> \K/ak"tInI\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i a radioactive metallic element of the actinide series, occurring naturally in pitchblende (symbol \BAc).\b\Ksymb\k \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iaktis -inos\i 'ray' + \J\X-ium\x\j\c
<hw>actinoid</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xactinide\x.\j
<hw>actinometer</hw> \K/aktI"nQmIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i an instrument for measuring the intensity of radiation, esp. ultraviolet radiation. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iaktis -inos\i 'ray' + \J\X-meter\x\j\c
<hw>actinomycete</hw> \K/%aktIn\F'\n(U)"mVIsi:t/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiol\i any of the usu. non-motile filamentous anaerobic bacteria of the order Actinomycetales. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iaktis,\i \I-inos\i 'ray' + \I-mycetes\i from Greek \Imukes -etos\i 'fungus'\c
<hw>action</hw> \K/"akS(\F'\n)n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the fact or process of doing or acting \3(demanded action;\c \2put ideas into action).\c\p\B2\b forcefulness or energy as a characteristic \3(a woman of action).\c\p\B3\b the exertion of energy or influence \3(the action of acid on metal).\c\p\B4\b something done; a deed or act \3(not aware of his own actions).\c\p\B5\b \Ba\b a series of events represented in a story, play, etc. \Bb\b \Islang\i exciting activity \3(arrived late and missed the action;\c \2want some action).\c\p\B6\b \Ba\b armed conflict; fighting \3(killed in action).\c \Bb\b an occurrence of this, esp. a minor military engagement.\p\B7\b \Ba\b the way in which a machine, instrument, etc. works \3(explain the action of an air pump).\c \Bb\b the mechanism that makes a machine, instrument, etc. (e.g. a musical instrument, a gun, etc.) work. \Bc\b the mode or style of movement of an animal or human (usu. described in some way) \3(a runner with good action).\c\p\B8\b \ILaw\i a legal process; a lawsuit \3(bring an action).\c\p\B9\b \I(in \Bimper.)\b\i \ICinematog\i a word of command to begin, esp. used by a film director etc. \Iv.tr.\i \ILaw\i bring a legal action against.\p\1go into action\c start work.\p\1out of action\c not working.\p\1take action\c begin to act (esp. energetically in protest). \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Iactio -onis\i (as \J\Xact\x)\j\c
<hw>actionable</hw> \K/"akS(\F'\n)n\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \ILaw\i giving cause for legal action.\Kactionably omitted on lack of evidence Jul 93\k
<hw>action committee</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Baction group\b etc.) a body formed to take active steps, esp. in politics.
<hw>action-packed</hw> \Iadj.\i \Icolloq.\i full of action or excitement.
<hw>action painting</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IArt\i an aspect of abstract expressionism with paint applied by the artist's random or spontaneous gestures.
<hw>action point</hw>\p\In.\i\pa proposal for action, esp. arising from a discussion etc.
<hw>action replay</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ISportTelev\i a playback of part of a television broadcast, esp. a sporting event, often in slow motion.
<hw>action research</hw>\p\In.\i\presearch carried out in the course of an activity or occupation, esp. education, to improve the methods and approach of those involved.\Knew f. Incs Sept 94\k
<hw>action stations</hw> \In.pl.\i \Besp. Brit.\b \IMil\i positions taken up in readiness for action, esp. by troops preparing for battle.
<hw>activate</hw> \K/"aktIveIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b make active; bring into action.\p\B2\b \IChem.\i cause reaction in; excite (a substance, molecules, etc.).\p\B3\b \IPhysics\i make radioactive. \Bactivation\b \K/-"veIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bactivator\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>activated carbon</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i carbon, esp. charcoal, treated to increase its adsorptive power.
<hw>activated sludge</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i aerated sewage containing aerobic micro-organisms to break it down.
<hw>active</hw> \K/"aktIv/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b consisting in or marked by action; energetic; diligent \3(leads an active life;\c \2an active helper).\c \Bb\b able to move about or accomplish practical tasks \3(infirmity made him less active).\c\p\B2\b working, operative \3(an active volcano).\c\p\B3\b originating action; not merely passive or inert \3(active support;\c \2active ingredients).\c\p\B4\b \IPhysics\i radioactive.\p\B5\b \IGram.\i designating the voice that attributes the action of a verb to the person or thing from which it logically proceeds (e.g. of the verbs in \Iguns kill;\i \Iwe saw him).\i\p\In.\i\p\IGram.\i the active form or voice of a verb. \Bactively\b \Iadv.\i \Bactiveness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iactif -ive\i or Latin \Iactivus\i (as \J\Xact\x\p\Iv.\i\p)\j\c
<hw>active birth</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMed.\i childbirth during which the mother is encouraged to be as active as possible, mainly by moving around freely and assuming any position which feels comfortable.\Knew word in COD9 f. ODNW, corpus Jul 93\k
<hw>active citizen</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ISociol.\i a person who plays an active role in the community, esp. by participating in crime prevention, self-help schemes, etc.\Knew word in COD9 f. ODNW, corpus Jul 93\k
<hw>active duty</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMil etc.\i participation in policing or military operational activities.\Knew f. corpus, Sept 94\k
<hw>active matrix</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IElectronics\i a display system in which each pixel is individually controlled \I(also \Battrib.:\b\i \2active matrix LCD).\c\Knew f. incomings March 94\k
<hw>active service</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i participation in warfare as a member of the armed forces.
<hw>active transport</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBiol.\i the movement of ions or molecules across a cell membrane into a region of higher concentration, assisted by enzymes and requiring energy.\Knew f. Collins Dec 93\k
<hw>activism</hw> \K/"aktIvIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i a policy of vigorous action in a cause, esp. in politics. \Bactivist\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>activity</hw> \K/ak"tIvIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b the condition of being active or moving about. \Bb\b the exertion of energy; vigorous action.\p\B2\b \I(often in \Bpl.)\b\i a particular occupation or pursuit \3(outdoor activities).\c\p\B3\b \IPhysics\i = \J\Xradioactivity\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3French \IactivitΘ\i or Late Latin \Iactivitas\i (as \J\Xactive\x)\j\c
<hw>Act of Supremacy</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IPolit Eccl\i \Ihist.\i an act securing ecclesiastical supremacy to the Crown and excluding the authority of the Pope.
<hw>Act of Uniformity</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IRelig Law\i \Ihist.\i any of four acts (esp. that of 1662) for securing uniformity in public worship and the use of a particular Book of Common Prayer.
<hw>actor</hw> \K/"akt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITheatr\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a person who acts a part in a play etc. \Bb\b a person whose profession is performing such parts.\p\B2\b a person who pretends to be something he or she is not.\Ksense 2 new in COD9 f. RL Jul 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = doer, actor (as \J\Xact\x,\j \J\X-or\x (1))\j\c
<hw>actor-manager</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ITheatr\i a person who is both manager of and actor in a theatre company.\Knew f. corpus Dec 93\k
<hw>actress</hw> \K/"aktrIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITheatr\i a female actor.
<hw>actual</hw> \K/"aktjU\F'\nl/, /-tSU\F'\nl/\k \Iadj.\i \I(usu. \Battrib.)\b\i\p\B1\b existing in fact; real (often as distinct from ideal).\p\B2\b existing now; current. \Bactualize\b \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise).\b \Bactualization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iactuel\i from Late Latin \Iactualis,\i from \Iactus\i \J\Xact\x\p\In.\i\p\j\c Redundant use, as in \ITell me the actual facts,\i is common but to be avoided in formal contexts.
<hw>actual bodily harm</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i injury, such as bruising, broken bones, etc., inflicted intentionally on a person but less serious than grievous bodily harm.\Knew f. corpus, books in library Oct 93\k
<hw>actuality</hw> \K/aktjU"alIti/, /-tSU-/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b reality; what is the case.\p\B2\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i existing conditions. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \IactualitΘ\i 'entity' or medieval Latin \Iactualitas\i (as \J\Xactual\x)\j\c
<hw>actually</hw> \K/"aktjU\F'\nli/, /-tSU-/\k \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b as a fact, really \3(I asked for ten, but actually got nine).\c\p\B2\b as a matter of fact, even (strange as it may seem) \3(he actually refused!).\c\p\B3\b at present; for the time being.
<hw>actuary</hw> \K/"aktjU\F'\nri/, /-tSU-/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IFinance\i an expert in statistics and probability theory, esp. one who calculates insurance risks and premiums. \Bactuarial\b \K/-"E:rI\F'\nl/\k \Iadj.\i \Bactuarially\b \K/-"E:rI\F'\nli/\k \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iactuarius\i 'bookkeeper' from \Iactus\i \J\Xact\x\p\In.\i\p\j\c
<hw>actuate</hw> \K/"aktjUeIt/, /-tSU-/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b communicate motion to (a machine etc.).\p\B2\b cause the operation of (an electrical device etc.).\p\B3\b cause (a person) to act. \Bactuation\b \K/-"eIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bactuator\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Iactuare\i from Latin \Iactus\i \J\Xact\x\p\In.\i\p\j\c
<hw>acuity</hw> \K/\F'\n"kju:Iti/\k\p\In.\i\psharpness, acuteness (of a needle, senses, understanding). \BEtymology:\b \3French \IacuitΘ\i or medieval Latin \Iacuitas,\i from \Iacuere\i 'sharpen': see \J\Xacute\x\j\c
<hw>aculeate</hw> \K/\F'\n"kju:lI\F'\nt/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IZool.\i having a sting.\p\B2\b pointed, incisive.\p\In.\i\p\IZool.\i any hymenopteran insect of the section Aculeata, including bees, wasps, and ants.\Knoun new from NSOED Jul 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iaculeatus\i from \Iaculeus\i 'sting', diminutive of \Iacus\i 'needle'\c
<hw>acumen</hw> \K/"akjUm\F'\nn/, /\F'\n"kju:m\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\pkeen insight or discernment; penetration. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iacumen -minis\i 'point, acuteress' from \Iacuere\i 'sharpen': see \J\Xacute\x\j\c
<hw>acuminate</hw> \K/\F'\n"kju:mIn\F'\nt/\k \Iadj.\i \IBiol.\i tapering to a point. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iacuminatus\i 'pointed' (as \J\Xacumen\x)\j\c
<hw>acupressure</hw> \K/"akjUprES\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed.\i = \J\Xshiatsu\x.\j\Knew word in COD9 f. ODNW, OMED Jul 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3portmanteau word from \J\Xacupuncture\x\j + \J\Xpressure\x\j\c
<hw>acupuncture</hw> \K/"akjUpVNktS\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a method (originally Chinese) of treating various medical conditions by pricking the skin or tissues with needles. \Bacupuncturist\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iacu\i 'with a needle' + \J\Xpuncture\x\j\c
<hw>acushla</hw> \K/\F'\n"kUSl\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BIr.\b darling.\Ketymology corrected from Playfair and NSOED Jul 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Irish \Ia chuisle\i \I(moi chroi)\i 'O pulse (of my heart)!'\c
<hw>acute</hw> \K/\F'\n"kju:t/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i \B(acuter,\b \Bacutest)\b\p\B1\b (of sensation or senses) keen, penetrating.\p\B2\b shrewd, perceptive \3(an acute critic).\c\p\B3\b \IMed\i (of a disease) coming sharply to a crisis; severe, not chronic.\p\B4\b (of a difficulty or controversy) critical, serious.\p\B5\b \Ba\b \IMath\i (of an angle) less than 90░. \Bb\b sharp, pointed.\p\B6\b (of a sound) high, shrill.\p\In.\i\p\ILinguistics\i = \J\Xacute accent\x.\j \Bacutely\b \Iadv.\i \Bacuteness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iacutus,\i past part. of \Iacuere\i 'sharpen' from \Iacus\i 'needle'\c
<hw>acute accent</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ILinguistics\i a mark (┤) placed over letters in some languages to show quality, vowel length, pronunciation (e.g. \ImatΘ),\i etc.
<hw>-acy</hw> \K/\F'\nsi/\k \Isuffix\i forming nouns of state or quality \3(accuracy;\c \2piracy;\c \2supremacy),\c or an instance of it \3(conspiracy;\c \2fallacy)\c (see also \J\X-cracy\x).\j \BEtymology:\b \3a branch of the suffix \J\X-cy\x\j from or influenced by French \I-acie,\i Latin \I-acia\i or \I-atia,\i or Greek \I-ateia\i\c
<hw>acyclovir</hw> \K/eI"sVIkl\F'\nvVI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPharm.\i an antiviral drug used esp. in the treatment of herpes and Aids.\Knew f. Incs, OED Sept 94; etymol unresearched\k
<hw>acyl</hw> \K/"eIsVIl/, /"asIl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i the monovalent radical of a carboxylic acid. \BEtymology:\b \3German (as \J\Xacid\x,\j \J\X-yl\x)\j\c
<schw>ad</schw> \Iabbr.\i \IHorol\i (of a date) of the Christian era. \BEtymology:\b \3\IAnno Domini,\i 'in the year of the Lord'\c Strictly, ad should precede a date (e.g. ad 410), but uses such as \Ithe tenth century\i ad are well established.
<hw>ad</hw> \K/ad/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i \Icolloq.\i an advertisement. \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation\c
<hw>ad-</hw> \K/ad/, /\F'\nd/\k \Iprefix\i (also \Ba-\b before \Isc,\i \Isp,\i \Ist,\i \Bac-\b before \Ic,\i \Ik,\i \Iq,\i \Baf-\b before \If,\i \Bag-\b before \Ig,\i \Bal-\b before \Il,\i \Ban-\b before \In,\i \Bap-\b before \Ip,\i \Bar-\b before \Ir,\i \Bas-\b before \Is,\i \Bat-\b before \It)\i\p\B1\b with the sense of motion or direction to, reduction or change into, addition, adherence, increase, or intensification.\p\B2\b formed by assimilation of other prefixes \3(accurse;\c \2admiral;\c \2advance;\c \2affray).\c \BEtymology:\b \3(sense 1) (via Old French \Ia-)\i from Latin \Iad\i 'to': (sense 2) \Ia-\i representing various prefixes other than \Iad-\i\c
<hw>-ad (1)</hw> \K/ad/, /\F'\nd/\k \Isuffix\i forming nouns:\p\B1\b in collective numerals \3(myriad;\c \2triad).\c\p\B2\b in fem. patronymics \3(Dryad).\c\p\B3\b in names of poems and similar compositions \3(Iliad;\c \2Dunciad;\c \2jeremiad).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \I-as -ada\i\c
<hw>adage</hw> \K/"adIdZ/\k\p\In.\i\pa traditional maxim; a proverb. \BEtymology:\b \3French from Latin \Iadagium\i (as \J\Xad-\x,\j root of \Iaio\i 'say')\c
<hw>adagio</hw> \K/\F'\n"dA:dZI\F'\nU/\k \Iadv., adj., & n.\i \IMus.\i \Iadv. & adj.\i in slow time.\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b an adagio movement or passage. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian, from \Iad agio\i 'at ease'\c
<hw>Adam (1)</hw> \K/"ad\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i the first man, in the biblical and Koranic traditions.\p\1not know a person from Adam\c be unable to recognize the person in question. \BEtymology:\b \3Hebrew '\Iadam\i 'man'\c
<hw>Adam (2)</hw> \K/"ad\F'\nm/\k \Iadj.\i \IArchit Furniture\i of the style of architecture, furniture, and design created by the Scottish brothers Robert and James Adam (18th c.).
<hw>adamant</hw> \K/"ad\F'\nm(\F'\n)nt/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i stubbornly resolute; resistant to persuasion.\p\In.\i\p\IMineral\i \Iarchaic\i diamond or other hard substance. \Badamance\b\p\In.\i\p\Badamantine\b \K/-"mantVIn/\k \Iadj.\i \Badamantly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old French \Iadamaunt\i via Latin \Iadamas adamant-\i 'untameable' from Greek (as \J\Xa-\x (1),\j \Idamao\i 'to tame')\c
<hw>Adam's ale</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IFood\i water.
<hw>Adam's apple</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAnat\i the projection at the front of the neck formed by the thyroid cartilage of the larynx.
<hw>adapt</hw> \K/\F'\n"dapt/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b \I(foll. by \Bto)\b\i fit, adjust (one thing to another). \Bb\b \I(foll. by \Bto,\b \Bfor)\b\i make suitable for a purpose. \Bc\b alter or modify (esp. a text). \Bd\b \IBroadcasting\i arrange for broadcasting etc.\p\B2\b \Iintr. & refl.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bto)\b\i become adjusted to new conditions. \Badaptive\b \Iadj.\i\Kadaptively omitted on lack of evidence Jul 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iadapter\i from Latin \Iadaptare\i (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \Iaptare\i from \Iaptus\i 'fit')\c
<hw>adaptable</hw> \K/\F'\n"dapt\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b able to adapt oneself to new conditions.\p\B2\b that can be adapted. \Badaptability\b \K/-"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Badaptably\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>adaptation</hw> \K/ad\F'\np"teIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or process of adapting or being adapted.\p\B2\b a thing that has been adapted.\p\B3\b \IBiol.\i the process by which an organism or species becomes suited to its environment. \BEtymology:\b \3French, from Late Latin \Iadaptatio -onis\i (as \J\Xadapt\x)\j\c
<hw>adaptive radiation</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBiol.\i the diversification of a group of organisms into forms filling different ecological niches.\Knew f. Coll., NSOED Mar 94\k
<hw>adaptor</hw> \K/\F'\n"dapt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Badapter)\b\p\B1\b a device for making equipment compatible.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b \IElectr\i a device for connecting several electrical plugs to one socket.\p\B3\b a person who adapts.
<hw>adaxial</hw> \K/a"daksI\F'\nl/\k \Iadj.\i \IBot.\i facing toward the stem of a plant, esp. designating the upper side of a leaf \I(cf.\i \J\Xabaxial\x).\j \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xad-\x\j + \J\Xaxial\x\j\c
<hw>add</hw> \K/ad/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b join (one thing to another) as an increase or supplement \3(add your efforts to mine;\c \2add insult to injury).\c\p\B2\b \IMath\i put together (two or more numbers) to find a number denoting their combined value.\p\B3\b say in addition \3(added a remark;\c \2added that I was wrong;\c \2'What's more, I don't like it,' he added).\c\p\Badd in\b include.\p\Badd to\b increase; be a further item among \3(this adds to our difficulties).\c\p\Badd up\b\p\B1\b find the total of.\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bto)\b\i amount to; constitute \3(adds up to a disaster).\c\p\B3\b \Icolloq.\i make sense; be understandable. \Badded\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Iaddere\i (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \Idare\i 'put')\c
<hw>addax</hw> \K/"adaks/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a large antelope, Addax nasomaculatus, of N. Africa, with twisted horns. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, from an African word\c
<hw>addendum</hw> \K/\F'\n"dEnd\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Baddenda\b \K/-d\F'\n/\k)\p\B1\b a thing (usu. something omitted) to be added, esp. \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i as additional matter at the end of a book.\p\B2\b an appendix; an addition. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, gerundive of \Iaddere\i \J\Xadd\x\j\c
<hw>adder</hw> \K/"ad\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a small often venomous snake, esp. the common viper, Vipera berus, the only poisonous snake in Britain. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Inµdre:\i \In\i lost in Middle English by wrong division of \Ia naddre:\i cf. \J\Xapron\x,\j \J\Xauger\x,\j \J\Xumpire\x\j\c
<hw>adder's tongue</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i any of several plants, esp. a fern of the genus \IOphioglossum\i or \B(N. Amer.)\b the dog's tooth violet.
<hw>addict</hw> \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.tr. & refl.\i \K/\F'\n"dIkt/\k \I(usu. foll. by \Bto)\b\i devote or apply habitually or compulsively; make addicted.\p\In.\i\p\K/"adIkt/\k\p\B1\b \IMed\i a person addicted to a habit, esp. one dependent on a (specified) drug \3(drug addict;\c \2heroin addict).\c\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i an enthusiastic devotee of a sport or pastime \3(film addict).\c \BEtymology:\b \3originally as \Iadj.,\i in the sense 'formally assigned or bound to': Latin \Iaddicere\i 'assign' (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \Idicere dict-\i 'say')\c
<hw>addicted</hw> \K/\F'\n"dIktId/\k \Iadj.\i \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i\p\B1\b \IMed\i dependent on as a habit; unable to do without a thing \3(addicted to heroin;\c \2found he was addicted).\c\p\B2\b devoted \3(addicted to football).\c
<hw>addiction</hw> \K/\F'\n"dIkS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i the fact or process of being addicted, esp. the condition of taking a drug habitually and being unable to give it up without incurring adverse effects. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iaddictio:\i see \J\Xaddict\x\j\c
<hw>addictive</hw> \K/\F'\n"dIktIv/\k \Iadj.\i \IMed\i (of a drug, habit, etc.) causing addiction or dependence.
<hw>Addison's disease</hw> \K/"adIs(\F'\n)nz dI%zi:z/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a condition caused by an adrenal deficiency and marked by weakness, low blood pressure, and brown discoloration of the skin. \BEtymology:\b \3named after T. \IAddison,\i English physician d. 1860, who first recognized it\c
<hw>addition</hw> \K/\F'\n"dIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or process of adding or being added.\p\B2\b a person or thing added \3(a useful addition to the team).\c\p\1in addition\c \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i as something added. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iaddition\i or from Latin \Iadditio\i (as \J\Xadd\x)\j\c
<hw>additive</hw> \K/"adItIv/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\pa thing added, esp. a substance added to another so as to give it specific qualities \3(food additive).\c \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b characterized by addition \3(additive process).\c\p\B2\b to be added. \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Iadditivus\i (as \J\Xadd\x)\j\c
<hw>addle</hw> \K/"ad(\F'\n)l/\k \Iv. & adj.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i muddle, confuse.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i (of an egg) become addled. \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \I(in \Bcomb.)\b\i muddled, unsound \3(addle-brained;\c \2addle-head).\c\p\B2\b empty, vain.\p\B3\b (of an egg) addled. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iadela\i 'filth', used as adj., then as verb\c
<hw>addled</hw> \K/"ad(\F'\n)ld/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b (of an egg) rotten, producing no chick.\p\B2\b muddled. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xaddle\x \Iadj.\i,\j assimilated to past part. form\c
<hw>add-on</hw>\p\In.\i\psomething added to an existing object or quantity \I(also \Battrib.:\b\i \2several add-on features are available).\c
<hw>address</hw> \K/\F'\n"drEs/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the place where a person lives or an organization is situated. \Bb\b particulars of this, esp. for postal purposes. \Bc\b \IComputing\i the location of an item of stored information.\p\B2\b a discourse delivered to an audience.\p\B3\b skill, dexterity, readiness.\p\B4\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i a courteous approach; courtship \3(pay one's addresses to).\c\p\B5\b \Iarchaic\i manner in conversation. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b write directions for delivery (esp. the name and address of the intended recipient) on (an envelope, packet, etc.).\p\B2\b direct in speech or writing (remarks, a protest, etc.).\p\B3\b speak or write to, esp. formally \3(addressed the audience;\c \2asked me how to address a duke).\c\p\B4\b direct one's attention to.\p\B5\b \IGolf\i take aim at or prepare to hit (the ball).\p\1address oneself to\c\p\B1\b speak or write to.\p\B2\b attend to. \Baddressable\b \Iadj.\i\K-able new f. Incs Sept 94\k \Baddresser\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iadresser,\i ultimately from Latin (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \Idirectus\i \J\Xdirect\x):\j the noun perhaps from French \Iadresse\i\c
<hw>addressee</hw> \K/adrE"si:/\k\p\In.\i\pthe person to whom something (esp. a letter) is addressed.
<hw>Addressograph</hw> \K/\F'\n"drEs\F'\ngrA:f/\k\p\In.\i\p\Ipropr.\i a machine for printing addresses on envelopes.
<hw>adduce</hw> \K/\F'\n"dju:s/\k \Iv.tr.\i cite as an instance or as proof or evidence. \Badducible\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iadducere adduct-\i (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \Iducere\i 'lead')\c
<hw>adduct</hw> \K/\F'\n"dVkt/\k \Iv.tr.\i \IAnat\i draw towards a middle line, esp. draw (a limb) towards the midline of the body. \Badduction\b\p\In.\i\p\Badductor\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>-ade (1)</hw> \K/eId/\k \Isuffix\i forming nouns:\p\B1\b an action done \3(blockade;\c \2tirade).\c\p\B2\b the body concerned in an action or process \3(cavalcade).\c\p\B3\b the product or result of a material or action \3(arcade;\c \2lemonade;\c \2masquerade).\c \BEtymology:\b \3from or influenced by French \I-ade,\i via Provenτal, Spanish, or Portuguese -\Iada\i or Italian -\Iata\i from Latin -\Iata,\i fem. sing. past part. of verbs ending in -\Iare\i\c
<hw>-ade (3)</hw> \K/eId/\k \Isuffix\i forming nouns:\p\B1\b = \J\X-ade\x (1)\j \3(brocade).\c\p\B2\b a person concerned \3(renegade).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish or Portuguese \I-ado,\i masc. form of \I-ada:\i see \J\X-ade\x (1)\j\c
<hw>adenine</hw> \K/"adIni:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiochem\i a purine derivative found in all living tissue as a component base of DNA or RNA. \BEtymology:\b \3German \IAdenin\i from Greek \Iaden\i 'gland': see \J\X-ine\x (4)\j\c
<hw>adenoids</hw> \K/"adInOIdz/\k \In.pl.\i \IMed.\i a mass of enlarged lymphatic tissue between the back of the nose and the throat, often hindering speaking and breathing in the young. \Badenoidal\b \K/-"nOId(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\Kadenoidally omitted Jul 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iaden\i 'gland' + \J\X-oid\x\j\c
<hw>adenoma</hw> \K/adI"n\F'\nUm\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Badenomas\b or \Badenomata\b \K/-m\F'\nt\F'\n/\k) \IMed\i a glandlike benign tumour. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from Greek \Iaden\i 'gland' + \J\X-oma\x\j\c
<hw>adenosine</hw> \K/\F'\n"dEn\F'\nUsi:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiochem\i a nucleoside of adenine and ribose present in all living tissue in combined form. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xadenine\x\j + \J\Xribose\x\j\c
<hw>adenosine triphosphate</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBiochem\i a nucleotide important in living cells, whose breakdown to the diphosphate provides energy for physiological processes (abbr.: \BATP).\b\Kabbr.\k\Knew f. Collins, NSOED Mar 94\k
<hw>adept</hw> \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i \K/"adEpt/, /\F'\n"dEpt/\k \I(foll. by \Bat,\b \Bin)\b\i thoroughly proficient.\p\In.\i\p\K/"adEpt/\k a skilled performer; an expert. \Badeptly\b \Iadv.\i \Badeptness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iadeptus,\i past part. of \Iadipisci\i 'attain'\c
<hw>adequate</hw> \K/"adIkw\F'\nt/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b sufficient, satisfactory (often with the implication of being barely so).\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bto)\b\i proportionate.\p\B3\b barely sufficient. \Badequacy\b\p\In.\i\p\Badequately\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iadaequatus,\i past part. of \Iadaequare\i 'make equal' (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \Iaequus\i 'equal')\c
\B\Iα deux\b\i \K/A: "d\F'\n:/, French /a d{/\k \Iadv. & adj.\i\p\B1\b for two.\p\B2\b between two. \BEtymology:\b \3French\c
\B\Iad fin.\b\i \K/ad "fIn/\k \Iabbr.\i at or near the end. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iad finem\i\c
<hw>adhere</hw> \K/\F'\nd"hI\F'\n/\k \Iv.intr.\i\p\B1\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bto)\b\i (of a substance) stick fast to a surface, another substance, etc.\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bto)\b\i behave according to; follow in detail \3(adhered to our plan).\c\p\B3\b \I(foll. by \Bto)\b\i give support or allegiance to. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IadhΘrer\i or Latin \Iadhaerere\i (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \Ihaerere haes-\i 'stick')\c
<hw>adherent</hw> \K/\F'\nd"hI\F'\nr(\F'\n)nt/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a supporter of a party, person, etc.\p\B2\b a devotee of an activity. \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \I(foll. by \Bto)\b\i faithfully observing a rule etc.\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i (of a substance) sticking fast. \Badherence\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \IadhΘrent\i (as \J\Xadhere\x)\j\c See Usage Note at \J\Xadhesion\x.\j
<hw>adhesion</hw> \K/\F'\nd"hi:Z(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or process of adhering.\p\B2\b the capacity of a substance to stick fast.\p\B3\b \IMed.\i an abnormal union of surfaces due to inflammation or injury.\p\B4\b the maintenance of contact between the wheels of a vehicle and the road.\p\B5\b the giving of support or allegiance. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IadhΘsion\i or Latin \Iadhaesio\i (as \J\Xadhere\x)\j\c Adhesion is more common in physical senses (e.g. \IThe glue has good adhesion),\i with \Iadherence\i used in abstract senses (e.g. \Iadherence to principles).\i
<hw>adhesive</hw> \K/\F'\nd"hi:sIv/, /-zIv/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i sticky, enabling surfaces or substances to adhere to one another.\p\In.\i\pan adhesive substance, esp. one used to stick other substances together. \Badhesively\b \Iadv.\i \Badhesiveness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \IadhΘsif -ive\i (as \J\Xadhere\x)\j\c
<hw>adhibit</hw> \K/\F'\nd"hIbIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(adhibited,\b \Badhibiting)\b\p\B1\b affix.\p\B2\b apply or administer (a remedy). \Badhibition\b \K/adhI"bIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iadhibere adhibit-\i (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \Ihabere\i 'have')\c
<hw>ad hoc</hw> \K/ad "hQk/\k \Iadv. & adj.\i for a particular (usu. exclusive) purpose \3(an ad hoc appointment).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = to this\c
\B\Iad hominem\b\i \K/ad "hQmInEm/\k \Iadv. & adj.\i\p\B1\b relating to or associated with a particular person.\p\B2\b (of an argument) appealing to the emotions and not to reason. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = to the person\c
<hw>adiabatic</hw> \K/%eIdVI\F'\n"batIk/, /%adI\F'\n-/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IPhysics\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b impassable to heat.\p\B2\b occurring without heat entering or leaving the system.\p\In.\i\pa curve or formula for adiabatic phenomena. \Badiabatically\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iadiabatos\i 'impassable' (as \J\Xa-\x (1),\j \Idiabaino\i 'pass')\c
<hw>adieu</hw> \K/\F'\n"dju:/\k \Iint. & n.\i \Iint.\i goodbye.\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Badieus\b or \Badieux\b \K/\F'\n"dju:z/\k) a goodbye. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French, from \Iα\i 'to' + \IDieu\i 'God'\c
<hw>ad infinitum</hw> \K/ad InfI"nVIt\F'\nm/\k \Iadv.\i without limit; for ever. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = to infinity\c
\B\Iad interim\b\i \K/ad "Int\F'\nrIm/\k \Iadv. & adj.\i for the meantime. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin\c
<hw>adipocere</hw> \K/adIp\F'\n(U)"sI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiochem\i a greyish fatty or soapy substance generated in dead bodies subjected to moisture. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iadipocire,\i from Latin \Iadeps adipis\i 'fat' + French \Icire\i 'wax' from Latin \Icera\i\c
<hw>adipose</hw> \K/"adIp\F'\nUs/, /-z/\k \Iadj.\i of or characterized by fat, esp. as stored in the body tissues; fatty. \Badiposity\b \K/-"pQsIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \Iadiposus\i from \Iadeps adipis\i 'fat'\c
<hw>adit</hw> \K/"adIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMineral\i a horizontal entrance or passage in a mine.\p\B2\b a means of approach. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iaditus\i (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \Iitus\i from \Iire it-\i 'go')\c
<hw>Adivasi</hw> \K/A:dI"vA:si/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \BAdivasis)\b \IPeople Anthropol\i a member of the aboriginal tribal peoples of India. \BEtymology:\b \3Hindi \Iadivasi\i 'original inhabitant'\c
<hw>Adj.</hw> \K/adZ/\k \Iabbr.\i \IMil\i (preceding a name) Adjutant.
<hw>adjacent</hw> \K/\F'\n"dZeIs(\F'\n)nt/\k \Iadj.\i \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i lying near or adjoining. \Badjacency\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Iadjacere\i (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \Ijacere\i 'lie')\c
<hw>adjective</hw> \K/"adZIktIv/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\IGram\i a word or phrase naming an attribute, added to or grammatically related to a noun to modify it or describe it. \Iadj.\i additional; not standing by itself; dependent. \Badjectival\b \K/adZIk"tVIv(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Badjectivally\b \K/adZIk"tVIv(\F'\n)li/\k \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iadjectif -ive,\i ultimately from Latin \Iadjicere adject-\i 'throw to, add, attribute' in the phrase \Inomen adjectivus\i 'attributive noun' (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \Ijacere\i 'throw')\c
<hw>adjoin</hw> \K/\F'\n"dZOIn/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b be next to and joined with.\p\B2\b \Iarchaic\i = \J\Xadd\x 1.\j \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iajoindre,\i \Iajoign-\i from Latin \Iadjungere adjunct-\i (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \Ijungere\i 'join')\c
<hw>adjourn</hw> \K/\F'\n"dZ\F'\n:n/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b put off; postpone. \Bb\b break off (a meeting, discussion, etc.) with the intention of resuming later.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i of persons at a meeting: \Ba\b break off proceedings and disperse. \Bb\b \I(foll. by \Bto)\b\i transfer the meeting to another place. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iajorner\i (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \Ijorn\i 'day', ultimately from Latin \Idiurnus\i \J\Xdiurnal\x):\j cf. \J\Xjournal\x,\j \J\Xjourney\x\j\c
<hw>adjournment</hw> \K/\F'\n"dZ\F'\n:nm(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\padjourning or being adjourned.
<hw>adjournment debate</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IPolit\i a debate in the House of Commons on the motion that the House be adjourned, used as an opportunity for raising various matters.
<hw>adjudge</hw> \K/\F'\n"dZVdZ/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b adjudicate (a matter).\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Bthat\b + clause,\i \Ior \Bto\b + infin.)\i pronounce judicially.\p\B3\b \I(foll. by \Bto)\b\i award judicially.\p\B4\b \Iarchaic\i condemn. \Badjudgement\b\p\In.\i\p(also \Badjudgment).\b \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iajuger\i from Latin \Iadjudicare:\i see \J\Xadjudicate\x\j\c
<hw>adjudicate</hw> \K/\F'\n"dZu:dIkeIt/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i act as judge in a competition, court, tribunal, etc.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b decide judicially regarding (a claim etc.). \Bb\b \I(foll. by \Bto be\b + compl.)\i pronounce \3(was adjudicated to be bankrupt).\c \Badjudication\b \K/-"keIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Badjudicative\b \Iadj.\i \Badjudicator\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iadjudicare\i (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \Ijudicare\i from \Ijudex -icis\i 'judge')\c
<hw>adjunct</hw> \K/"adZVN(k)t/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \I(foll. by \Bto,\b \Bof)\b\i a subordinate or incidental thing.\p\B2\b an assistant; a subordinate person, esp. one with temporary appointment only.\p\B3\b \IGram.\i a word or phrase used to amplify or modify the meaning of another word or words in a sentence. \Badjunctive\b \K/\F'\n"dZVN(k)tIv/\k \Iadj.\i\Kadjunctively omitted Jul 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iadjunctus:\i see \J\Xadjoin\x\j\c
<hw>adjure</hw> \K/\F'\n"dZU\F'\n/\k \Iv.tr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bto\b + infin.)\i charge or request (a person) solemnly or earnestly, esp. under oath. \Badjuration\b \K/adZU\F'\n"reIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Badjuratory\b \K/-r\F'\nt(\F'\n)ri/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Iadjurare\i (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \Ijurare\i 'swear') in Late Latin sense 'put a person to an oath'\c
<hw>adjust</hw> \K/\F'\n"dZVst/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b arrange; put in the correct order or position. \Bb\b regulate, esp. by a small amount.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bto)\b\i make suitable.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i harmonize (discrepancies).\p\B4\b \Itr.\i assess (loss or damages).\p\B5\b \Iintr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bto)\b\i make oneself suited to; become familiar with \3(adjust to one's surroundings).\c \Badjustable\b \Iadj.\i \Badjustability\b \K/-"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Badjuster\b\p\In.\i\p\Badjustment\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Iadjuster\i from Old French \Iajoster,\i ultimately from Latin \Ijuxta\i 'near'\c
<hw>adjutant</hw> \K/"adZUt(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \IMil.\i an officer who assists superior officers by communicating orders, conducting correspondence, etc. \Bb\b an assistant.\p\B2\b (in full \Badjutant bird)\b a large black and white S. Asian stork of the genus \ILeptoptilos.\i \Badjutancy\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iadjutare,\i frequentative of \Iadjuvare:\i see \J\Xadjuvant\x\j\c
<hw>Adjutant General</hw>\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \BAdjutant Generals)\b \IMil\i a high-ranking army administrative officer.
<hw>adjuvant</hw> \K/"adZUv(\F'\n)nt/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b helpful, auxiliary.\p\B2\b \IMed.\i (of therapy) applied after initial treatment for cancer, esp. to suppress secondary tumour formation.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an adjuvant person or thing.\p\B2\b \IMed.\i a substance which enhances the body's immune response to an antigen.\Ksense 2 of adj. and n. new f. OERD April 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iadjuvant\i or Latin \Iadjuvare\i (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \Ijuvare jut-\i 'help')\c
<hw>Adlerian</hw> \K/ad"lI\F'\nrI\F'\nn/\k \Iadj.\i \IPsychol\i of or relating to A. Adler, Austrian psychologist d. 1937, or his system of psychology.
<hw>ad lib</hw> \K/ad "lIb/\k \Iv., adj., adv., & n.\i \IMus. etc.\i \Iv.intr.\i \B(ad libbed,\b \Bad libbing)\b speak or perform without formal preparation; improvise. \Iadj.\i improvised. \Iadv.\i as one pleases; to any desired extent.\p\In.\i\psomething spoken or played extempore. \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation of \J\Xad libitum\x\j\c
\B\Iad libitum\b\i \K/ad "lIbIt\F'\nm/\k \Iadv.\i \IMus. etc.\i = \J\Xad lib\x \Iadv.\i\j \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = according to pleasure\c
\B\Iad litem\b\i \K/ad "lVItEm/\k \Iadj.\i \ILaw\i (of a guardian etc.) appointed for a lawsuit. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin\c
<hw>Adm.</hw> \Iabbr.\i \INaut\i (preceding a name) Admiral.
<hw>adman</hw> \K/"adman/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Badmen)\b \ICommerce\i \Icolloq.\i a person who produces advertisements commercially.
<hw>admass</hw> \K/"admas/\k\p\In.\i\p\Besp. Brit.\b \ICommerce Sociol\i the section of the community that is regarded as readily influenced by advertising and mass communication.
<hw>admeasure</hw> \K/\F'\nd"mEZ\F'\n/\k \Iv.tr.\i \Iarchaic\i apportion; assign in due shares. \Badmeasurement\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iamesurer\i from medieval Latin \Iadmensurare\i (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \J\Xmeasure\x)\j\c
<hw>adminicle</hw> \K/\F'\nd"mInIk(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a thing that helps.\p\B2\b \ILaw\i (in Scottish law) collateral evidence of the contents of a missing document. \Badminicular\b \K/admI"nIkjUl\F'\n/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iadminiculum\i 'prop'\c
<hw>administer</hw> \K/\F'\nd"mInIst\F'\n/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i attend to the running of (business affairs etc.); manage.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b be responsible for the implementation of (the law, justice, punishment, etc.). \Bb\b \IEccl.\i give out, or perform the rites of (a sacrament). \Bc\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bto)\b\i direct the taking of (an oath).\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b provide, apply (a remedy). \Bb\b give, deliver (a rebuke).\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i act as administrator. \Badministrable\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iaministrer\i from Latin \Iadministrare\i (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \J\Xminister\x)\j\c
<hw>administrate</hw> \K/\F'\nd"mInIstreIt/\k \Iv.tr. & intr.\i administer (esp. business affairs); act as an administrator. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iadministrare\i (as \J\Xadminister\x)\j\c
<hw>administration</hw> \K/\F'\ndmInI"streIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b management of a business, institution, etc. \Bb\b \I(prec. by \Bthe)\b\i \BN. Amer.\b the people responsible for this, regarded collectively.\Ksense 1b new f. kpb Sept 94\k\p\B2\b the management of public affairs; government.\p\B3\b \IPolit\i the government in power; the ministry.\p\B4\b \BN. Amer.\b \IPolit\i the term of office of a political leader or government.\p\B5\b \B(Administration)\b (in the US) a government agency \3(the Food and Drug Administration).\c\Ksense 5 new f. Kpb Sept 94\k\p\B6\b \ILaw\i the management of another person's estate.\p\B7\b \I(foll. by \Bof)\b\i \Ba\b the administering of justice, an oath, etc. \Bb\b application of remedies. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, from Old French \Iadministration\i or Latin \Iadministratio\i (as \J\Xadministrate\x)\j\c
<hw>administrative</hw> \K/\F'\nd"mInIstr\F'\ntIv/\k \Iadj.\i concerning or relating to the management of affairs. \Badministratively\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iadministratif -ive\i or Latin \Iadministrativus\i (as \J\Xadministration\x)\j\c
<hw>administrator</hw> \K/\F'\nd"mInIstreIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person who administers a business or public affairs.\p\B2\b a person capable of organizing \3(is no administrator).\c\p\B3\b \ILaw\i a person appointed to manage the estate of a person who has died intestate.\p\B4\b a person who performs official duties in some sphere, e.g. in religion or justice. \Badministratorship\b\p\In.\i\p\Badministratrix\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin (as \J\Xadminister\x)\j\c
<hw>admirable</hw> \K/"adm(\F'\n)r\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b deserving admiration.\p\B2\b excellent. \Badmirably\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French, from Latin \Iadmirabilis\i (as \J\Xadmire\x)\j\c
<hw>admiral</hw> \K/"adm(\F'\n)r(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \INaut\i \Ba\b the commander-in-chief of a country's navy. \Bb\b a naval officer of high rank; the commander of a fleet or naval squadron. \Bc\b \B(Admiral)\b an admiral of the second grade.\p\B2\b \IZool\i a boldly patterned nymphalid butterfly \3(red admiral;\c \2white admiral).\c \Badmiralship\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ia(d)mira(i)l\i etc. and medieval Latin \Ia(d)miralis\i etc., from Arabic '\Iamir\i 'commander' (cf. \J\Xamir\x),\j associated with \J\Xadmirable\x\j\c
<hw>Admiral of the Fleet</hw>\p\In.\i\p\INaut\i an admiral of the first grade.
<hw>Admiralty</hw> \K/"adm(\F'\n)r(\F'\n)lti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \INaut\i \I(hist.\i except in titles) (in the UK) the department administering the Royal Navy.\p\B2\b \B(admiralty)\b \INaut\i \ILaw\i the maritime branch of the administration of justice. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iadmiral(i)tΘ\i (as \J\Xadmiral\x)\j\c
<hw>Admiralty Board</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \INaut\i \Ihist.\i a committee of the Ministry of Defence superintending the Royal Navy.
<hw>admiration</hw> \K/adm\F'\n"reIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b pleased contemplation.\p\B2\b respect; warm approval.\p\B3\b an object of this \3(was the admiration of the whole town).\c \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iadmiration\i or Latin \Iadmiratio\i (as \J\Xadmire\x)\j\c
<hw>admire</hw> \K/\F'\nd"mVI\F'\n/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b regard with approval, respect, or satisfaction.\p\B2\b express one's admiration of. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iadmirer\i or Latin \Iadmirari\i (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \Imirari\i 'wonder at')\c
<hw>admirer</hw> \K/\F'\nd"mVI\F'\nr\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a woman's suitor.\p\B2\b a person who admires, esp. a devotee of an able or famous person.
<hw>admissible</hw> \K/\F'\nd"mIsIb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b (of an idea or plan) worth accepting or considering.\p\B2\b \ILaw\i allowable as evidence.\p\B3\b \I(foll. by \Bto)\b\i capable of being admitted. \Badmissibility\b \K/-"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Iadmissible\i or medieval Latin \Iadmissibilis\i (as \J\Xadmit\x)\j\c
<hw>admission</hw> \K/\F'\nd"mIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an acknowledgement \3(admission of error;\c \2admission that he was wrong).\c\p\B2\b \Ba\b the process or right of entering or being admitted. \Bb\b a charge for this \3(admission is ú5).\c\p\B3\b \IMed\i a person admitted to a hospital. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Iadmissio\i (as \J\Xadmit\x)\j\c
<hw>admit</hw> \K/\F'\nd"mIt/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B(admitted,\b \Badmitting)\b\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b \I(often foll. by \Bto be,\b or \Bthat\b + clause)\i acknowledge; recognize as true. \Bb\b accept as valid or true.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bto)\b\i acknowledge responsibility for (a deed, fault, etc.).\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b allow (a person) entrance or access. \Bb\b allow (a person) to be a member of (a class, group, etc.) or to share in (a privilege etc.). \Bc\b \IMed\i (of a hospital etc.) bring in (a person) for residential treatment.\p\B4\b \Itr.\i (of an enclosed space) have room for; accommodate.\p\B5\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bof)\b\i allow as possible. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Iadmittere admiss-\i (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \Imittere\i 'send')\c
<hw>admittance</hw> \K/\F'\nd"mIt(\F'\n)ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the right or process of admitting or being admitted, usu. to a place \3(no admittance except on business).\c\p\B2\b \IElectr.\i a measure of electrical conduction, the reciprocal of impedance.
<hw>admittedly</hw> \K/\F'\nd"mItIdli/\k \Iadv.\i as an acknowledged fact \3(admittedly there are problems).\c
<hw>admix</hw> \K/"admIks/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr. & intr.\i \I(foll. by \Bwith)\b\i mingle.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i add as an ingredient.
<hw>admixture</hw> \K/\F'\nd"mIkstS\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a thing added, esp. a minor ingredient.\p\B2\b the act of adding this. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iadmixtus,\i past part. of \Iadmiscere\i (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \Imiscere\i 'mix')\c
<hw>admonish</hw> \K/\F'\nd"mQnIS/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b reprove.\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bto\b + infin.,\i \Ior \Bthat\b + clause)\i urge.\p\B3\b give earnest advice to.\p\B4\b \I(foll. by \Bof)\b\i warn. \Badmonishment\b\p\In.\i\p\Badmonition\b \K/adm\F'\n"nIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Badmonitory\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iamonester,\i ultimately from Latin \Iadmonere\i (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \Imonere monit-\i 'warn')\c
<hw>ad nauseam</hw> \K/ad "nO:zIam/, /-sIam/\k \Iadv.\i to an excessive or disgusting degree. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = to sickness\c
<hw>adnominal</hw> \K/\F'\nd"nQmIn(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \IGram.\i attached to a noun. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iadnomen -minis\i 'added name'\c
<hw>Adnyamathanha</hw> \K/"adnj\F'\nmVd\F'\nn\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILanguage\i an Aboriginal language of S. Australia.\Knew from ACOD Oct 93\k
<hw>ado</hw> \K/\F'\n"du:/\k\p\In.\i\pbusy activity; fuss, trouble, difficulty.\Kpl. form omitted f. COD9: rare Jul 93\k\p\1without more (or further) ado\c immediately. \BEtymology:\b \3originally in \Imuch ado\i = much to do, from northern Middle English \Iat do\i (= to do), from Old Norse \Iat\i \J\Xat\x\j (used to mark an infinitive) + \J\Xdo\x (1)\j\c
<hw>-ado</hw> \K/"eId\F'\nU/, /"A:-/\k \Isuffix\i forming nouns \3(desperado)\c \I(cf.\i \J\X-ade\x (3)).\j \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish or Portuguese \I-ado\i from Latin \I-atus,\i past part. of verbs ending in \I-are\i\c
<hw>adobe</hw> \K/\F'\n"d\F'\nUbi/, /\F'\n"d\F'\nUb/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBuilding\i an unburnt sun-dried brick.\p\B2\b \IGeol\i the clay used for making such bricks. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish from Arabic\c
<hw>adolescent</hw> \K/ad\F'\n"lEs(\F'\n)nt/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i between childhood and adulthood.\p\In.\i\pan adolescent person. \Badolescence\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Iadolescere\i 'grow up'\c
<hw>Adonis</hw> \K/\F'\n"d\F'\nUnIs/\k\p\In.\i\pa handsome young man. \BEtymology:\b \3the name of a youth loved by Venus: Latin via Greek from Phoenician \Iadon\i 'lord'\c
<hw>Adonis blue</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a European butterfly, Lysandra bellargus.
<hw>adopt</hw> \K/\F'\n"dQpt/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b take (a person) into a relationship, esp. another's child as one's own.\p\B2\b choose to follow (a course of action etc.).\p\B3\b take over (an idea etc.) from another person.\p\B4\b \BBrit.\b choose as a candidate for office.\p\B5\b \BBrit.\b (of a local authority) accept responsibility for the maintenance of (a road etc.).\p\B6\b accept; formally approve (a report, accounts, etc.). \Badoption\b \K/-pS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Iadopter\i or Latin \Iadoptare\i (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \Ioptare\i 'choose')\c
<hw>adoptive</hw> \K/\F'\n"dQptIv/\k \Iattrib.adj.\i as a result of adoption \3(adoptive son;\c \2adoptive father).\c \Badoptively\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iadoptif -ive\i from Latin \Iadoptivus\i (as \J\Xadopt\x)\j\c
<hw>adorable</hw> \K/\F'\n"dO:r\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b deserving adoration.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i delightful, charming. \Badorably\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French from Latin \Iadorabilis\i (as \J\Xadore\x)\j\c
<hw>adore</hw> \K/\F'\n"dO:/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b regard with honour and deep affection.\p\B2\b \Ba\b worship as divine. \Bb\b \IRC Ch.\i offer reverence to (the Host etc.).\p\B3\b \Icolloq.\i like very much. \Badoration\b \K/ad\F'\n"reIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Badoring\b \Iadj.\i \Badoringly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iao(u)rer\i from Latin \Iadorare\i 'worship' (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \Iorare\i 'speak, pray')\c
<hw>adorer</hw> \K/\F'\n"dO:r\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a worshipper.\p\B2\b an ardent admirer.
<hw>adorn</hw> \K/\F'\n"dO:n/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b add beauty or lustre to; be an ornament to.\p\B2\b furnish with ornaments; decorate. \Badornment\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iao(u)rner\i from Latin \Iadornare\i (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \Iornare\i 'furnish, deck')\c
<hw>ADP</hw> \Iabbr.\i\p\B1\b \IBiochem\i adenosine diphosphate.\p\B2\b \IComputing\i automatic data processing.
\B\Iad personam\b\i \K/ad p\F'\n:"s\F'\nUnam/\k \Iadv. & adj.\i \Iadv.\i to the person. \Iadj.\i personal. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin\c
<hw>ad rem</hw> \K/ad "rEm/\k \Iadv. & adj.\i to the point; to the purpose. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = to the matter\c
<hw>adrenal</hw> \K/\F'\n"dri:n(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IAnat\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b at or near the kidneys.\p\B2\b of the adrenal glands.\p\In.\i\p(in full \Badrenal gland)\b \IAnat\i either of two ductless glands above the kidneys, secreting adrenalin, corticosteroids, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xad-\x\j + \J\Xrenal\x\j\c
<hw>adrenal cortex</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAnat.\i the outer part of the adrenal glands, secreting corticosteroids etc.\Knew f. JMH Mar 94\k
<hw>adrenalin</hw> \K/\F'\n"drEn(\F'\n)lIn/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Badrenaline)\b \IBiochem\i\p\B1\b a hormone secreted by the adrenal glands, affecting circulation and muscular action, and causing excitement and stimulation.\p\B2\b the same substance obtained from animals or by synthesis, used as a stimulant.
<hw>adrenocorticotrophic hormone</hw> \K/\F'\n%dri:n\F'\n%kO:tIk\F'\n"trQfIk/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Badrenocorticotropic hormone\b \K/-"trQpIk/\k) \IBiochem\i a hormone secreted by the pituitary gland and stimulating the adrenal cortex (abbr.: \BACTH).\b\Kabbr\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xadrenal\x\j + \J\Xcortex\x\j + \J\X-trophic\x,\j \J\X-tropic\x\j\c
<hw>adrift</hw> \K/\F'\n"drIft/\k \Iadv. & predic.adj.\i\p\B1\b drifting.\p\B2\b at the mercy of circumstances.\p\B3\b \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i \Ba\b unfastened. \Bb\b out of touch. \Bc\b absent without leave. \Bd\b \I(often foll. by \Bof)\b\i failing to reach a target. \Be\b out of order. \Bf\b ill-informed. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xa\x (2)\j + \J\Xdrift\x\j\c
<hw>adroit</hw> \K/\F'\n"drOIt/\k \Iadj.\i dexterous, skilful. \Badroitly\b \Iadv.\i \Badroitness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French from \Iα droit\i 'according to right, properly'\c
<hw>adsorb</hw> \K/\F'\nd"sO:b/, /-"zO:b/\k \Iv.tr.\i \IChem\i (usu. of a solid) hold (molecules of a gas or liquid or solute) to its surface, causing a thin film to form. \Badsorbable\b \Iadj.\i \Badsorbent\b \Iadj. & n.\i \Badsorption\b \K/-"sO:pS(\F'\n)n/, /-"zO:pS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Badsorbtion).\b \Badsorptive\b \Iadj.\i\Kadsorptive new f. OERD, NSOED Aug 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xad-\x,\j on the pattern of \J\Xabsorb\x\j\c
<hw>adsorbate</hw> \K/ad"sO:beIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i a substance adsorbed.
<hw>adsuki</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xadzuki\x.\j
<hw>ADT</hw> \Iabbr.\i Atlantic Daylight Time (one hour ahead of Atlantic Standard Time).\KNew f. JHM Aug 94\k
<hw>aduki</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xadzuki\x.\j\Knew f. corpus, cookery books in library Dec 93\k
<hw>adult</hw> \K/"adVlt/, /\F'\n"dVlt/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b mature, grown-up.\p\B2\b \Ba\b of or for adults \3(adult education).\c \Bb\b \Ieuphem.\i sexually explicit; indecent \3(adult films).\c\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an adult person.\p\B2\b \ILaw\i a person who has reached the age of majority. \Badulthood\b\p\In.\i\p\Badultly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iadultus,\i past part. of \Iadolescere\i 'grow up': cf. \J\Xadolescent\x\j\c
<hw>adulterant</hw> \K/\F'\n"dVlt(\F'\n)r(\F'\n)nt/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i used in adulterating.\p\In.\i\pan adulterant substance.
<hw>adulterate</hw> \Iv. & adj.\i \Iv.tr.\i \K/\F'\n"dVlt\F'\nreIt/\k debase (esp. foods) by adding other or inferior substances. \Iadj.\i \K/\F'\n"dVlt(\F'\n)r\F'\nt/\k spurious, debased, counterfeit. \Badulteration\b \K/-"reIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Badulterator\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iadulterare adulterat-\i 'corrupt'\c
<hw>adulterer</hw> \K/\F'\n"dVlt(\F'\n)r\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(fem.\i \Badulteress\b \K/-(\F'\n)rIs/\k) a person who commits adultery. \BEtymology:\b \3obsolete verb \Iadulter\i via Old French \Iavoutrer\i from Latin \Iadulterare:\i see \J\Xadulterate\x\j\c
<hw>adulterine</hw> \K/\F'\n"dVlt(\F'\n)rVIn/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b illegal, unlicensed.\p\B2\b spurious.\p\B3\b born of adultery. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iadulterinus\i from \Iadulter\i 'adulterous': see \J\Xadultery\x\j\c
<hw>adulterous</hw> \K/\F'\n"dVlt(\F'\n)r\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i of or involved in adultery. \Badulterously\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from obsolete noun \Iadulter,\i from Old French \Iavoutrer:\i see \J\Xadulterer\x\j\c
<hw>adultery</hw> \K/\F'\n"dVlt(\F'\n)ri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \ILaw\i\p\B1\b voluntary sexual intercourse between a married person and a person (married or not) other than his or her spouse.\p\B2\b an instance of this.\Ksense 2 new f. corpus Jan 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iavout(e)rie,\i from \Iavoutre\i 'adulterer' from Latin \Iadulter,\i assimilated to Latin \Iadulterium\i\c
\B\Iad valorem\b\i \K/ad v\F'\n"lO:rEm/\k \Iadv. & adj.\i (of taxes) in proportion to the estimated value of the goods concerned. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = according to the value\c
<hw>advance</hw> \K/\F'\nd"vA:ns/\k \Iv., n., & adj.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr. & intr.\i move or put forward.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i make progress.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b pay (money) before it is due. \Bb\b lend (money).\p\B4\b \Itr.\i give active support to; promote (a person, cause, or plan).\p\B5\b \Itr.\i put forward (a claim or suggestion).\p\B6\b \Itr.\i cause (an event) to occur at an earlier date \3(advanced the meeting three hours).\c\p\B7\b \Itr.\i raise (a price).\p\B8\b \Iintr.\i rise (in price).\p\B9\b \Itr.\i (as \Badvanced\b \Iadj.)\i \Ba\b far on in progress \3(the work is well advanced).\c \Bb\b ahead of the times \3(advanced ideas).\c\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an act of going forward.\p\B2\b progress.\p\B3\b a payment made before the due time.\p\B4\b a loan.\p\B5\b \I(esp. in \Bpl.;\b\i \Ioften foll. by \Bto)\b\i an amorous or friendly approach.\p\B6\b a rise in price. \Iattrib.adj.\i done or supplied beforehand \3(advance warning;\c \2advance copy).\c\p\Badvance on\b approach threateningly.\p\1in advance\c ahead in place or time. \Badvancer\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iavancer\i and Late Latin \Iabante\i 'in front' from Latin \Iab\i 'away' + \Iante\i 'before': the noun partly through French \Iavance\i\c
<hw>advanced level</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IEducation\i (in the UK except Scotland) a GCE examination of a standard higher than ordinary level and GCSE.
<hw>advanced supplementary level</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IEducation\i (in the UK except Scotland) a GCE examination with a smaller syllabus than A levels.
<hw>advance guard</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i a body of soldiers preceding the main body of an army.
<hw>advance man</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Besp. N. Amer.\b \IPolit\i a person who visits a location ahead of a dignitary etc. to make appropriate arrangements.\Knew f. NSOED, corpus Feb 94\k
<hw>advancement</hw> \K/\F'\nd"vA:nsm(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\pthe promotion of a person, cause, or plan. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from French \Iavancement,\i from \Iavancer\i (as \J\Xadvance\x)\j\c
<hw>advantage</hw> \K/\F'\nd"vA:ntIdZ/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a beneficial feature; a favourable circumstance.\p\B2\b benefit, profit \3(is not to your advantage).\c\p\B3\b \I(often foll. by \Bover)\b\i a better position; superiority in a particular respect.\p\B4\b \ITennis\i the next point won after deuce. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b be beneficial or favourable to.\p\B2\b further, promote.\p\1have the advantage of\c be in a better position in some respect than.\p\1take advantage of\c\p\B1\b make good use of (a favourable circumstance).\p\B2\b exploit or outwit (a person), esp. unfairly.\p\B3\b \Ieuphem.\i seduce.\p\1to advantage\c in a way which exhibits the merits \3(was seen to advantage).\c\p\1turn to advantage\c benefit from. \Badvantageous\b \K/adv(\F'\n)n"teIdZ\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i \Badvantageously\b \K/adv(\F'\n)n"teIdZ\F'\nsli/\k \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iavantage,\i \Iavantager,\i from \Iavant\i 'in front' from Late Latin \Iabante:\i see \J\Xadvance\x\j\c
<hw>advection</hw> \K/\F'\nd"vEkS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMeteorol.\i transfer of heat by the horizontal flow of air. \Badvective\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iadvectio\i from \Iadvehere\i (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \Ivehere vect-\i 'carry')\c
<hw>Advent</hw> \K/"adv(\F'\n)nt/, /-vEnt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IRelig\i the season before Christmas, including the four preceding Sundays.\p\B2\b \IRelig\i the coming or second coming of Christ.\p\B3\b \B(advent)\b the arrival of esp. an important person or thing. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English via Old French \Iadvent,\i \Iauvent\i from Latin \Iadventus\i 'arrival', from \Iadvenire\i (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \Ivenire vent-\i 'come')\c
<hw>Advent calendar</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IHorol.\i a calendar for Advent, usu. made of card with flaps to open each day to reveal a picture, scene, or small gift.
<hw>Adventist</hw> \K/"adv(\F'\n)ntIst/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i a member of a Christian sect that believes in the imminent second coming of Christ. \BAdventism\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>adventitious</hw> \K/adv(\F'\n)n"tIS\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b accidental, casual.\p\B2\b added from outside.\p\B3\b \IBiol.\i formed accidentally or in an unusual anatomical position.\p\B4\b \ILaw\i (of property) coming from a stranger or by collateral succession rather than directly. \Badventitiously\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iadventicius\i (as \J\XAdvent\x)\j\c
<hw>Advent Sunday</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i the first Sunday in Advent.
<hw>adventure</hw> \K/\F'\nd"vEntS\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an unusual and exciting experience.\p\B2\b a daring enterprise; a hazardous activity.\p\B3\b enterprise \3(the spirit of adventure).\c\p\B4\b \ICommerce\i a commercial speculation. \Iv.intr.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Binto,\b \Bupon)\b\i dare to go or come.\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bon,\b \Bupon)\b\i dare to undertake.\p\B3\b incur risk; engage in adventure. \Badventuresome\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iaventure\i \I(n.),\i \Iaventurer\i \I(v.)\i from Latin \Iadventurus\i 'about to happen' (as \J\XAdvent\x)\j\c
<hw>adventure playground</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b a playground where children are provided with functional materials for climbing on, building with, etc.
<hw>adventurer</hw> \K/\F'\nd"vEntS(\F'\n)r\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(fem.\i \Badventuress\b \K/-(\F'\n)rIs/\k)\p\B1\b a person who seeks adventure, esp. for personal gain or enjoyment.\p\B2\b a financial speculator. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iaventurier\i (as \J\Xadventure\x)\j\c
<hw>adventurism</hw> \K/\F'\nd"vEntS\F'\nrIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i a tendency to take risks, esp. in foreign policy. \Badventurist\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>adventurous</hw> \K/\F'\nd"vEntS(\F'\n)r\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b rash, venturesome; enterprising.\p\B2\b characterized by adventures. \Badventurously\b \Iadv.\i \Badventurousness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iaventuros\i (as \J\Xadventure\x)\j\c
<hw>adverb</hw> \K/"adv\F'\n:b/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGram\i a word or phrase that modifies or qualifies another word (esp. an adjective, verb, or other adverb) or a word-group, expressing a relation of place, time, circumstance, manner, cause, degree, etc. (e.g. \Igently,\i \Iquite,\i \Ithen,\i \Ithere).\i \Badverbial\b \K/\F'\nd"v\F'\n:bI\F'\nl/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iadverbe\i or Latin \Iadverbium\i (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \J\Xverb\x)\j\c
<hw>adversary</hw> \K/"adv\F'\ns(\F'\n)ri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b an enemy.\p\B2\b an opponent in a sport or game; an antagonist. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iadversarie\i from Latin \Iadversarius,\i from \Iadversus:\i see \J\Xadverse\x\j\c
<hw>adversative</hw> \K/\F'\nd"v\F'\n:s\F'\ntIv/\k \Iadj.\i \IGram\i (of words etc.) expressing opposition or antithesis.\Kadversatively omitted Jul 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iadversatif -ive\i or Late Latin \Iadversativus,\i from \Iadversari\i 'oppose' from \Iadversus:\i see \J\Xadverse\x\j\c
<hw>adverse</hw> \K/"adv\F'\n:s/\k \Iadj.\i \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i\p\B1\b contrary, hostile.\p\B2\b hurtful, injurious. \Badversely\b \Iadv.\i \Badverseness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iadvers\i from Latin \Iadversus,\i past part. of \Iadvertere\i (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \Ivertere vers-\i 'turn')\c
<hw>adversity</hw> \K/\F'\nd"v\F'\n:sIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b the condition of adverse fortune.\p\B2\b a misfortune. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \IadversitΘ\i from Latin \Iadversitas -tatis\i (as \J\Xadverse\x)\j\c
<hw>advert (1)</hw> \K/"adv\F'\n:t/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ICommerce\i \Icolloq.\i an advertisement. \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation\c
<hw>advert (2)</hw> \K/\F'\nd"v\F'\n:t/\k \Iv.intr.\i \I(foll. by \Bto)\b\i \Iliterary\i refer in speaking or writing. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ia(d)vertir\i from Latin \Iadvertere:\i see \J\Xadverse\x\j\c
<hw>advertise</hw> \K/"adv\F'\ntVIz/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \I(also \Babsol.)\b\i \ICommerce\i draw attention to or describe favourably (goods, services, or vacant positions) in a public medium in order to sell, promote sales, or seek employees.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i make generally or publicly known.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bfor)\b\i seek by public notice, esp. in a newspaper.\p\B4\b \Itr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bof,\b or \Bthat\b + clause)\i notify. \Badvertiser\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ia(d)vertir\i (stem \Iadvertiss-):\i see \J\Xadvert\x (2)\j\c
<hw>advertisement</hw> \K/\F'\nd"v\F'\n:tIzm(\F'\n)nt/, /-tIs-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \ICommerce\i a public notice or announcement, esp. one advertising goods or services in newspapers, on posters, or in broadcasts. \Bb\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bfor)\b\i \Icolloq.\i a person or thing regarded as a means of conveying the merits or demerits of something \3(he's a good advertisement for a healthy lifestyle).\c\Ksense 1b new f. SOED Jul 93\k\p\B2\b the act or process of advertising.\p\B3\b \Iarchaic\i a notice to readers in a book etc. \BEtymology:\b \3earlier \Iavert-\i from French \Iavertissement\i (as \J\Xadvertise\x)\j\c
<hw>advertorial</hw> \K/adv\F'\n:"tO:rI\F'\nl/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i an advertisement in the style of editorial comment.\Knew f. SOED Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3blend of \J\Xadvertisement\x\j and \J\Xeditorial\x\j\c
<hw>advice</hw> \K/\F'\nd"vVIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b words given or offered as an opinion or recommendation about future action or behaviour.\p\B2\b information given; news.\p\B3\b formal notice of a transaction.\p\B4\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i communications from a distance.\p\1take advice\c\p\B1\b obtain advice, esp. from an expert.\p\B2\b act according to advice given. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, in the sense 'point of view, opinion (given)', via Old French \Iavis\i from Latin \Iad\i 'to' + \Ivisum,\i past part. of \Ividere\i 'see'\c
<hw>advisable</hw> \K/\F'\nd"vVIz\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i (of a course of action etc.) to be recommended; expedient. \Badvisability\b \K/-"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Badvisably\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>advise</hw> \K/\F'\nd"vVIz/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \I(also \Babsol.)\b\i give advice to.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i recommend; offer as advice \3(they advise caution;\c \2advised me to rest).\c\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bof,\b or \Bthat\b + clause)\i inform, notify.\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bwith)\b\i \BUS\b consult. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, in the sense 'look at, consider', via Old French \Iaviser\i from Latin (as \J\Xad-\x\j + \Ivisare,\i frequentative of \Ividere\i 'see')\c
<hw>adviser</hw> \K/\F'\nd"vVIz\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \B\Idisp.\i advisor)\b a person who advises, esp. one appointed to do so and regularly consulted.\Ka person who advises students on education, careers, etc. omitted: not in NSOED Jul 93\k The variant form \Iadvisor\i is fairly common, but is considered incorrect by some people. Its spelling is probably influenced by the adjective \Iadvisory.\i
<hw>advisory</hw> \K/\F'\nd"vVIz(\F'\n)ri/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b giving advice; constituted to give advice \3(an advisory body).\c\p\B2\b consisting in giving advice.\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \BN. Amer.\b \IMeteorol\i an advisory statement, esp. a warning about bad weather or potential danger.
<hw>advocaat</hw> \K/"adv\F'\nkA:/, /-kA:t/\k\p\In.\i\p\IDrink\i a liqueur of eggs, sugar, and brandy. \BEtymology:\b \3Dutch, = \J\Xadvocate\x\j (being originally an advocate's drink)\c
<hw>advocacy</hw> \K/"adv\F'\nk\F'\nsi/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bof)\b\i verbal support or argument for a cause, policy, etc.\p\B2\b \ILaw\i the function of an advocate. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ia(d)vocacie\i from medieval Latin \Iadvocatia\i (as \J\Xadvocate\x)\j\c
<hw>advocate</hw> \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\K/"adv\F'\nk\F'\nt/\k\p\B1\b \I(foll. by \Bof)\b\i a person who supports or speaks in favour.\p\B2\b a person who pleads for another.\p\B3\b \ILaw\i \Ba\b a professional pleader in a court of justice. \Bb\b \BSc.\b a barrister. \Iv.tr.\i \K/"adv\F'\nkeIt/\k\p\B1\b recommend or support by argument (a cause, policy, etc.).\p\B2\b \ILaw\i plead for, defend. \Badvocateship\b\p\In.\i\p\Kadvocatory omitted Jul 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iavocat\i from Latin \Iadvocatus,\i past part. of \Iadvocare\i (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \Ivocare\i 'call')\c
<hw>advowson</hw> \K/\F'\nd"vaUz(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IEccl.Law\i (in ecclesiastical law) the right of recommending a member of the Anglican clergy for a vacant benefice, or of making the appointment. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Anglo-French \Ia(d)voweson\i and Old French \Iavoeson\i from Latin \Iadvocatio -onis\i (as \J\Xadvocate\x)\j\c
<hw>adytum</hw> \K/"adIt\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Badyta\b \K/-t\F'\n/\k) \IRelig\i the innermost part of an ancient temple. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin from Greek \Iaduton,\i neut. of \Iadutos\i 'impenetrable' (as \J\Xa-\x (1),\j \Iduo\i 'enter')\c
<hw>adze</hw> \K/adz/\k \In. & v.\i \B(US\b also \Badz)\b \ICarpentry\i\p\In.\i\p\ITools\i a tool like an axe with an arched blade at right angles to the handle, used for cutting away the surface of wood. \Iv.tr.\i dress or cut with an adze. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iadesa\i\c
<hw>adzuki</hw> \K/\F'\nd"zu:ki/\k\p\In.\i\p(in full \Badzuki bean)\b (also \Badsuki,\b \Baduki\b \K/\F'\n"du:ki/\k, \Bazuki\b \K/\F'\n"zu:ki/\k) \IBot\i\p\B1\b an annual leguminous plant, Vigna angularis, native to China and Japan.\p\B2\b the small round dark red edible bean of this plant. \BEtymology:\b \3Japanese \Iazuki\i\c
<hw>-ae</hw> \K/i:/\k \Isuffix\i \IZool Bot\i forming plural nouns, used in names of animal and plant families, tribes, etc. \3(Felidae;\c \2Rosaceae)\c and instead of \I-as\i in the plural of many non-naturalized or unfamiliar nouns in \I-a\i derived from Latin or Greek \3(larvae;\c \2actiniae).\c \BEtymology:\b \3pl. \I-ae\i of Latin nouns ending in \I-a\i or pl. ending \I-ai\i of some Greek nouns\c
<hw>aedile</hw> \K/"i:dVIl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRom.Hist.\i either of a pair of Roman magistrates who administered public works, maintenance of roads, public games, the corn-supply, etc. \Baedileship\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iaedilis\i 'concerned with buildings' from \Iaedes\i 'building'\c
<hw>AEEU</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IPolit.\i Amalgamated Engineering and Electrical Union.\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED, corpus Jul 93\k
<hw>aegis</hw> \K/"i:dZIs/\k\p\In.\i\pa protection; an impregnable defence.\p\1under the aegis of\c under the auspices of. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin from Greek \Iaigis,\i the mythical shield of Zeus or Athene\c
<hw>aegrotat</hw> \K/VI"gr\F'\n(U)tat/, /"i:-/, /i:"gr\F'\n(U)-/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IEducation\i\p\B1\b a certificate that a university student is too ill to attend an examination.\p\B2\b an examination pass awarded in such circumstances. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = is sick from \Iaeger\i 'sick'\c
<hw>-aemia</hw> \K/"i:mI\F'\n/\k \Icomb. form\i (also \B-haemia\b \K/"hi:mI\F'\n/\k, \BUS\b \B-emia,\b \B-hemia\b \K/"hi:mI\F'\n/\k) \IMed\i forming nouns denoting that a substance is (esp. excessively) present in the blood \3(bacteriaemia;\c \2pyaemia).\c \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin, from Greek \I-aimia\i from \Ihaima\i 'blood'\c
<hw>aeolian</hw> \K/i:"\F'\nUlI\F'\nn/\k \Iadj.\i \B(US\b \Beolian)\b wind-borne. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \IAeolius\i from \IAeolus,\i the name of the god of the winds, from Greek \IAiolos\i\c
<hw>aeolian harp</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMus\i a stringed instrument or toy that produces musical sounds when the wind passes through it.
<hw>Aeolian mode</hw> \K/i:"\F'\nUlI\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMus.\i the mode represented by the natural diatonic scale A-A. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \IAeolius\i 'from \IAeolis\i' (in Asia Minor), from Greek \IAiolis\i\c
<hw>aeon</hw> \K/"i:\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Beon)\b\p\B1\b a very long or indefinite period.\p\B2\b an age of the universe.\p\B3\b \IAstron.\i a thousand million years.\p\B4\b an eternity.\p\B5\b \IPhilos.\i (in Neoplatonism, Platonism, and Gnosticism) a power existing from eternity; an emanation or phase of the supreme deity. \BEtymology:\b \3ecclesiastical Latin from Greek \Iaion\i 'age'\c
<hw>aerate</hw> \K/"E:reIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i \IChem\i\p\B1\b charge (a liquid) with a gas, esp. carbon dioxide, e.g. to produce effervescence.\p\B2\b expose to the mechanical or chemical action of the air. \Baeration\b \K/-"reIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Baerator\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iaer\i \J\Xair\x\j + \J\X-ate\x (3),\j influenced by French \IaΘrer\i\c
<hw>aerenchyma</hw> \K/E:"rENkIm\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot.\i a soft plant tissue containing air spaces, found esp. in many aquatic plants. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iaer\i 'air' + \Iegkhuma\i 'infusion'\c
<hw>aerial</hw> \K/"E:rI\F'\nl/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\IRadio\i a metal rod, wire, or other structure by which signals are transmitted or received as part of a radio or television transmission or receiving system. \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b by or from or involving aircraft \3(aerial navigation;\c \2aerial photography).\c\p\B2\b \Ba\b existing, moving, or happening in the air. \Bb\b of or in the atmosphere; atmospheric.\p\B3\b \Ba\b thin as air; ethereal. \Bb\b immaterial, imaginary. \Bc\b of air; gaseous. \Baeriality\b \K/-"alIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Baerially\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iaerius\i from Greek \Iaerios,\i from \Iaer\i 'air'\c
<hw>aerialist</hw> \K/"E:rI\F'\nlIst/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITheatr\i a high-wire or trapeze artist.
<hw>aerial torpedo</hw> see \J\Xtorpedo\x\p\In.\i\p1b.\j\Knew as hwd Aug 94\k
<hw>aerobatics</hw> \K/E:r\F'\n"batIks/\k \In.pl.\i \IAeron\i feats of expert and usu. spectacular flying and manoeuvring of aircraft.\Ksense 2 omitted Nov 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xaero-\x\j + \J\Xacrobatics\x\j\c
<hw>aerobe</hw> \K/"E:r\F'\nUb/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiol\i a micro-organism usu. growing in the presence of air, or needing oxygen for growth. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IaΘrobie\i (as \J\Xaero-\x,\j Greek \Ibios\i 'life')\c
<hw>aerobic</hw> \K/E:"r\F'\nUbIk/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \ISport\i of or relating to aerobics.\p\B2\b \IBiol.\i relating to or requiring free oxygen.
<hw>aerobics</hw> \K/E:"r\F'\nUbIks/\k \In.pl.\i \I(often treated as \Bsing.)\b\i \ISport\i vigorous exercises designed to increase the body's oxygen intake.
<hw>aerobiology</hw> \K/%E:r\F'\n(U)bVI"Ql\F'\ndZi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiol\i the study of airborne micro-organisms, pollen, spores, etc., esp. as agents of infection.
<hw>aerodrome</hw> \K/"E:r\F'\ndr\F'\nUm/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IAeron\i a small airport or airfield. \IAerodrome\i has now been largely replaced by \Iairfield\i and \Iairport.\i
<hw>aerodynamics</hw> \K/%E:r\F'\n(U)dVI"namIks/\k \In.pl.\i \I(usu. treated as \Bsing.)\b\i \IPhysics\i the study of the interaction between the air and solid bodies moving through it. \Baerodynamic\b \Iadj.\i \Baerodynamically\b \Iadv.\i \Baerodynamicist\b \K/-sIst/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>aero-engine</hw> \K/"E:r\F'\nU%EndZIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IAeron\i an engine used to power an aircraft.
<hw>aerofoil</hw> \K/"E:r\F'\nfOIl/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IAeron\i a structure with curved surfaces (e.g. a wing, fin, or tailplane) designed to give lift in flight.
<hw>aerogramme</hw> \K/"E:r\F'\ngram/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Baerogram)\b an air letter in the form of a single sheet that is folded and sealed.
<hw>aerolite</hw> \K/"E:r\F'\nlVIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAstron\i a stony meteorite.
<hw>aerology</hw> \K/E:"rQl\F'\ndZi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMeteorol\i the study of the atmosphere, esp. away from ground level. \Baerological\b \K/-\F'\n"lQdZIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i
<hw>aeronautics</hw> \K/E:r\F'\n"nO:tIks/\k \In.pl.\i \I(usu. treated as \Bsing.)\b\i \IAeron\i the science or practice of motion or travel in the air. \Baeronautic\b \Iadj.\i \Baeronautical\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \Iaeronautica\i (as \J\Xaero-\x,\j \J\Xnautical\x)\j\c
<hw>aeronomy</hw> \K/E:"rQn\F'\nmi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMeteorol\i the science of the upper atmosphere.
<hw>aeroplane</hw> \K/"E:r\F'\npleIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\Besp. Brit.\b \IAeron\i a powered heavier-than-air flying vehicle with fixed wings. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IaΘroplane\i (as \J\Xaero-\x,\j \J\Xplane\x (1))\j\c
<hw>aerosol</hw> \K/"E:r\F'\nsQl/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a substance packed under pressure, usu. with a propellant gas, and able to be released as a fine spray. \Bb\b a container holding such a substance.\p\B2\b a system of colloidal particles dispersed in a gas (e.g. fog or smoke). \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xaero-\x\j + \J\Xsol\x (2)\j\c
<hw>aerospace</hw> \K/"E:r\F'\nspeIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the earth's atmosphere and outer space.\p\B2\b \IAeron\i the technology of aviation in this region.
<hw>aerostat</hw> \K/"E:r\F'\nstat/\k\p\In.\i\pan airship or balloon, esp. a tethered balloon.\Knew f. corpus, Incs Mar 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3French \IaΘrostat\i (as \J\Xaero-\x\j + Greek \Istatos\i 'standing')\c
<hw>aerotowing</hw> \K/"E:r\F'\nU%t\F'\nUIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISport Aeron\i the towing of a glider etc. by a powered aircraft.\Knew f. corpus Mar 94\k
<hw>aerotrain</hw> \K/"E:r\F'\nU%treIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITransport Railways\i a train that is supported on an air cushion and guided by a track. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IaΘrotrain\i (as \J\Xaero-\x,\j \J\Xtrain\x)\j\c
<hw>Aesculapian</hw> \K/i:skjU"leIpI\F'\nn/\k \Iadj.\i of or relating to medicine or physicians. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \IAesculapius\i from Greek \IAsklepios,\i the name of the god of medicine\c
<hw>aesthete</hw> \K/"i:sTi:t/, /"Es-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b also \Besthete)\b a person who has or professes to have a special appreciation of beauty. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iaisthetes\i 'a person who perceives', or from \J\Xaesthetic\x\j\c
<hw>aesthetic</hw> \K/i:s"TEtIk/, /Es-/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \B(US\b also \Besthetic)\b \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b concerned with beauty or the appreciation of beauty.\p\B2\b having such appreciation; sensitive to beauty.\p\B3\b in accordance with the principles of good taste.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i the philosophy of the beautiful, esp. in art.\p\B2\b a set of principles of good taste and the appreciation of beauty. \Baesthetically\b \Iadv.\i \Baestheticism\b \K/-sIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iaisthetikos\i from \Iaisthanomai\i 'perceive'\c
<hw>aesthetician</hw> \K/i:sT\F'\n"tIS(\F'\n)n/, /Es-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b also \Besthetician)\b\p\B1\b a person versed in or devoted to aesthetics.\p\B2\b \BN. Amer.\b \IFashion\i a beautician.\Knew f. CANOD, SOED, corpus Aug 94\k
<hw>aestival</hw> \K/"i:stIv(\F'\n)l/, /i:"stVIv(\F'\n)l/; /"E-/, /E-/\k \Iadj.\i \B(US\b \Bestival)\b \Iformal\i belonging to or appearing in summer. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iestival\i from Latin \Iaestivalis,\i from \Iaestivus\i from \Iaestus\i 'heat'\c
<hw>aestivate</hw> \K/"i:stIveIt/, /"Est-/\k \Iv.intr.\i \B(US\b \Bestivate)\b\p\B1\b \IZool.\i spend the summer or dry season in a state of torpor.\p\B2\b \Iformal\i pass the summer. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iaestivare aestivat-\i\c
<hw>aestivation</hw> \K/i:stI"veIS(\F'\n)n/, /Est-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Bestivation)\b\p\B1\b \IBot.\i the arrangement of petals in a flower bud before it opens \I(cf.\i \J\Xvernation\x).\j\p\B2\b \IZool.\i spending the summer or dry season in a state of torpor.
<hw>aetiology</hw> \K/i:tI"Ql\F'\ndZi/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Betiology)\b\p\B1\b \IPhilos\i the assignment of a cause or reason.\p\B2\b the study of causation.\p\B3\b \IMed.\i the causation of diseases and disorders, esp. of a specific disease, as a subject of investigation. \Baetiologic\b \K/-\F'\n"lQdZIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Baetiological\b \K/-\F'\n"lQdZIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Baetiologically\b \K/-\F'\n"lQdZIk(\F'\n)li/\k \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Iaetiologia\i from Greek \Iaitiologia,\i from \Iaitia\i 'cause'\c
<hw>AEU</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IIndustry\i \Ihist.\i (in the UK) Amalgamated Engineering Union.\Khist. label new f. SOED Jul 93\k
<hw>af-</hw> \K/af/, /\F'\nf/\k \Iprefix\i \Iassim. form of\i \J\Xad-\x\j before \If.\i
<hw>afar</hw> \K/\F'\n"fA:/\k \Iadv.\i at or to a distance.\p\1from afar\c from a distance. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from \J\Xa-\x (2),\j \J\Xa-\x (4)\j + \J\Xfar\x\j\c
<hw>AFC</hw> \Iabbr.\i\p\B1\b \IAeron\i (in the UK) Air Force Cross.\p\B2\b \IFootball\i (in the UK) Association Football Club.
<hw>AFDCS</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IIndustry\i (in the UK) Association of First Division Civil Servants \I(cf.\i \J\XFDA\x).\j
<hw>affable</hw> \K/"af\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i friendly, good-natured.\Ksense 2 omitted Nov 93\k \Baffability\b \K/-"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Baffably\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French from Latin \Iaffabilis,\i from \Iaffari\i (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \Ifari\i 'speak')\c
<hw>affair</hw> \K/\F'\n"fE:/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a concern; a business; a matter to be attended to \3(that is my affair).\c\p\B2\b \Ba\b a celebrated or notorious happening or sequence of events. \Bb\b \Icolloq.\i a noteworthy thing or event \3(was a puzzling affair).\c\p\B3\b = \J\Xlove affair\x.\j\p\B4\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \Ba\b ordinary pursuits of life. \Bb\b business dealings. \Bc\b public matters \3(current affairs).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Anglo-French \Iafere\i from Old French \Iafaire,\i from \Iα faire\i 'to do': cf. \J\Xado\x\j\c
<hw>affaire</hw> \K/afE:r/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Baffaire de or du c£ur\b \K/a%fE: d\F'\n/, /dy "k\F'\n:/\k) a love affair. \BEtymology:\b \3French\c
\B\IaffairΘ\b\i \K/a"fE:reI/, French /afere/\k \Iadj.\i busy; involved. \BEtymology:\b \3French\c
<hw>affect (1)</hw> \K/\F'\n"fEkt/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b produce an effect on \3(their business was not affected by the recession).\c \Bb\b (of a disease etc.) attack \3(his liver is affected).\c\p\B2\b move; touch the feelings of \3(affected me deeply).\c \Baffecting\b \Iadj.\i \Baffectingly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iaffecter\i or Latin \Iafficere affect-\i 'influence' (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \Ifacere\i 'do')\c \IAffect\i should not be confused with \Ieffect\i which means 'to bring about, to accomplish', e.g. \IThe government effected great changes.\i Note also that \Ieffect\i is commonly used as a noun as well as a verb.
<hw>affect (2)</hw> \K/\F'\n"fEkt/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b pretend to have or feel \3(affected indifference).\c\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bto\b + infin.)\i pretend.\p\B3\b assume the character or manner of; pose as \3(affect the freethinker).\c\p\B4\b make a show of liking or using \3(she affects fancy hats).\c \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iaffecter\i or Latin \Iaffectare\i 'aim at', frequentative of \Iafficere\i (as \J\Xaffect\x (1))\j\c
<hw>affect (3)</hw> \K/"afEkt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPsychol.\i an emotion, a feeling, or a desire, esp. as leading to action. \BEtymology:\b \3German \IAffekt\i from Latin \Iaffectus\i 'disposition', from \Iafficere\i (as \J\Xaffect\x (1))\j\c
<hw>affectation</hw> \K/afEk"teIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an assumed or contrived manner of behaviour, esp. in order to impress.\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bof)\b\i a studied display.\p\B3\b pretence. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iaffectation\i or Latin \Iaffectatio\i (as \J\Xaffect\x (2))\j\c
<hw>affected</hw> \K/\F'\n"fEktId/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \Iin senses of\i \J\Xaffect\x (1),\j \J\Xaffect\x (2).\j\p\B2\b artificially assumed or displayed; pretended \3(an affected air of innocence).\c\p\B3\b (of a person) full of affectation; artificial.\p\B4\b \I(prec. by adv.;\i \Ioften foll. by \Btowards)\b\i \Iarchaic\i disposed, inclined. \Baffectedly\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>affection</hw> \K/\F'\n"fEkS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bfor,\b \Btowards)\b\i goodwill; fond or kindly feeling.\p\B2\b a disease; a diseased condition.\p\B3\b a mental state; an emotion.\p\B4\b a mental disposition.\p\B5\b the act or process of affecting or being affected. \Baffectional\b \Iadj.\i (in sense 3).\Kaffectionally omitted Jul 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Iaffectio -onis\i (as \J\Xaffect\x (1))\j\c
<hw>affectionate</hw> \K/\F'\n"fEkS(\F'\n)n\F'\nt/\k \Iadj.\i loving, fond; showing love or tenderness. \Baffectionately\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \IaffectionnΘ\i or medieval Latin \Iaffectionatus\i (as \J\Xaffection\x)\j\c
<hw>affective</hw> \K/\F'\n"fEktIv/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b concerning the affections; emotional.\p\B2\b \IPsychol.\i relating to affects. \Baffectivity\b \K/afEk"tIvIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Iaffectif -ive\i from Late Latin \Iaffectivus\i (as \J\Xaffect\x (1))\j\c
<hw>affenpinscher</hw> \K/"af\F'\nnpInS\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i\p\B1\b a dog of a small breed resembling the griffon.\p\B2\b this breed. \BEtymology:\b \3German from \IAffe\i 'monkey' + \IPinscher\i 'terrier'\c
<hw>affiance</hw> \K/\F'\n"fVI\F'\nns/\k \Iv.tr.\i \I(usu. in \Bpassive)\b\i \Iliterary\i promise solemnly to give (a person) in marriage. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iafiancer\i from medieval Latin \Iaffidare\i (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \Ifidus\i 'trusty')\c
<hw>affiant</hw> \K/\F'\n"fVI\F'\nnt/\k\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b \ILaw\i a person who makes an affidavit.\Knew f. Kpb, Inc., NSOED Sept 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3French: see \J\X-ant\x\j\c
<hw>affidavit</hw> \K/afI"deIvIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i a written statement confirmed by oath, for use as evidence in court. \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin, = has stated on oath, from \Iaffidare:\i see \J\Xaffiance\x\j\c
<hw>affiliate</hw> \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\K/\F'\n"fIlIeIt/\k\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \I(usu. in \Bpassive;\b\i \Ifoll. by \Bto,\b \Bwith)\b\i attach or connect (a person or society) with a larger organization.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i (of an institution) adopt (persons as members, societies as branches).\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i \Ba\b \I(foll. by \Bto)\b\i associate oneself with a society. \Bb\b \I(foll. by \Bwith)\b\i \IPolit\i associate oneself with a political party.\p\In.\i\p\K/\F'\n"fIlI\F'\nt/\k an affiliated person or organization. \Baffiliative\b \K/\F'\n"fIlI\F'\ntIv/\k \Iadj.\i\Kaffiliative new in COD9 f. NSOED, corpus Jul 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Iaffiliare\i 'adopt' (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \Ifilius\i 'son')\c
<hw>affiliation</hw> \K/\F'\nfIlI"eIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\pthe act or process of affiliating or being affiliated. \BEtymology:\b \3French from medieval Latin \Iaffiliatio,\i from \Iaffiliare:\i see \J\Xaffiliate\x\j\c
<hw>affiliation order</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ILaw\i a legal order that the man judged to be the father of an illegitimate child must help to support it.
<hw>affined</hw> \K/\F'\n"fVInd/\k \Iadj.\i related, connected. \BEtymology:\b \3\Iaffine\i \I(adj.)\i from Latin \Iaffinis\i 'related': see \J\Xaffinity\x\j\c
<hw>affinity</hw> \K/\F'\n"fInIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bbetween,\b \Bfor,\b or \Bwith)\b\i a spontaneous or natural liking for or attraction to a person or thing.\p\B2\b relationship, esp. by marriage.\p\B3\b resemblance in structure between animals, plants, or languages.\p\B4\b a similarity of characteristics suggesting a relationship; family likeness.\p\B5\b \IChem.\i the tendency of certain substances to combine with others. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \IafinitΘ\i from Latin \Iaffinitas -tatis,\i from \Iaffinis\i 'related', literally 'bordering on' (as \J\Xad-\x\j + \Ifinis\i 'border')\c
<hw>affinity card</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i\p\B1\b a discount card issued to members of an affinity group.\p\B2\b (in the UK) a bank card for which the bank donates to a specific charity etc. a portion of the money spent using the card.\Knew word in COD9 f. SOED, corpus Jul 93\k
<hw>affinity group</hw>\p\In.\i\pa group of people linked by a common interest or purpose.\Knew f. NSOED, NEWS Feb 94\k
<hw>affirm</hw> \K/\F'\n"f\F'\n:m/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i assert strongly; state as a fact.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \Ba\b \ILaw\i make an affirmation. \Bb\b make a formal declaration.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \ILaw\i confirm, ratify (a judgement). \Baffirmatory\b \Iadj.\i \Baffirmer\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iafermer\i from Latin \Iaffirmare\i (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \Ifirmus\i 'strong')\c
<hw>affirmation</hw> \K/af\F'\n"meIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or process of affirming or being affirmed.\p\B2\b \ILaw\i a solemn declaration by a person who conscientiously declines to take an oath. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iaffirmation\i or Latin \Iaffirmatio\i (as \J\Xaffirm\x)\j\c
<hw>affirmative</hw> \K/\F'\n"f\F'\n:m\F'\ntIv/\k \Iadj., n., & int.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b affirming; asserting that a thing is so. \Bb\b \IGram.\i (of a word, clause, etc.) stating that a fact is so; answering 'yes' to a question.\K1b new f. Ox. Dict. Eng. Gram., Sue Atkins Aug 94\k\p\B2\b (of a vote) expressing approval.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an affirmative statement or reply.\p\B2\b \IGram.\i a word or particle expressing affirmation.\Knew as separate sense.\k\p\B3\b \I(prec. by \Bthe)\b\i a positive or affirming position. \Iint.\i \Besp. N. Amer.\b yes.\Kint. new f. Kpb. Sept 94\k\p\1in the affirmative\c with affirmative effect; so as to accept or agree to a proposal; yes \3(the answer was in the affirmative).\c \Baffirmatively\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iaffirmatif -ive\i from Late Latin \Iaffirmativus\i (as \J\Xaffirm\x)\j\c
<hw>affirmative action</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Besp. N. Amer.\b \IPolit\i action favouring those who tend to suffer from discrimination; positive discrimination, esp. in recuitment to jobs.
<hw>affix</hw> \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.tr.\i \K/\F'\n"fIks/\k\p\B1\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bto,\b \Bon)\b\i attach, fasten.\p\B2\b add in writing (a signature or postscript).\p\B3\b impress (a seal or stamp).\p\In.\i\p\K/"afIks/\k\p\B1\b an appendage; an addition.\p\B2\b \IGram.\i an addition or element placed at the beginning \I(prefix)\i or end \I(suffix)\i of a root, stem, or word, or in the body of a word \I(infix),\i to modify its meaning. \Baffixation\b \K/afIk"seIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Kaffixture omitted, affixation added Dec 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iaffixer,\i \Iaffixe\i or medieval Latin \Iaffixare,\i frequentative of Latin \Iaffigere\i (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \Ifigere fix-\i 'fix')\c
<hw>afflict</hw> \K/\F'\n"flIkt/\k \Iv.tr.\i inflict bodily or mental suffering on.\p\1afflicted with\c suffering from. \Bafflictive\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, from Latin \Iafflictare\i or from Latin \Iafflict-,\i past part. stem of \Iaffligere\i (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \Ifligere flict-\i 'dash')\c See Usage Note at \J\Xinflict\x.\j
<hw>affliction</hw> \K/\F'\n"flIkS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b physical or mental distress, esp. pain or illness.\p\B2\b a cause of this. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Iafflictio -onis\i (as \J\Xafflict\x)\j\c
<hw>affluence</hw> \K/"aflU\F'\nns/\k\p\In.\i\pan abundant supply of money, commodities, etc.; wealth. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Iaffluentia,\i from \Iaffluere:\i see \J\Xaffluent\x\j\c
<hw>affluent</hw> \K/"aflU\F'\nnt/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b wealthy, rich.\p\B2\b abundant.\p\B3\b flowing freely or copiously.\p\In.\i\p\IGeog\i a tributary stream. \Baffluently\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Iaffluere\i (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \Ifluere flux-\i 'flow')\c
<hw>afflux</hw> \K/"aflVks/\k\p\In.\i\pa flow towards a point; an influx. \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Iaffluxus\i from Latin \Iaffluere:\i see \J\Xaffluent\x\j\c
<hw>afford</hw> \K/\F'\n"fO:d/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \I(prec. by \Bcan\b or \Bbe able to;\b\i \Ioften foll. by \Bto\b + infin.)\i \Ba\b have enough money, means, time, etc., for; be able to spare \3(can afford ú50;\c \2could not afford a holiday;\c \2can we afford to buy a new television?).\c \Bb\b be in a position to do something (esp. without risk of adverse consequences) \3(can't afford to let him think so).\c\p\B2\b yield a supply of.\p\B3\b provide \3(affords a view of the sea).\c \Baffordable\b \Iadj.\i \Baffordability\b \K/-"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Igeforthian\i 'promote' (as \J\Xy-\x,\j \J\Xforth\x),\j assimilated to words in \J\Xaf-\x\j\c
<hw>afforest</hw> \K/\F'\n"fQrIst/\k \Iv.tr.\i \IHort.\i\p\B1\b convert into forest.\p\B2\b plant with trees. \Bafforestation\b \K/-"steIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Iafforestare\i (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \Iforesta\i \J\Xforest\x)\j\c
<hw>affranchise</hw> \K/\F'\n"fran(t)SVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i release from servitude or an obligation. \BEtymology:\b \3Old French \Iafranchir\i (as \J\Xenfranchise\x,\j with prefix \J\Xa-\x (3))\j\c
<hw>affray</hw> \K/\F'\n"freI/\k\p\In.\i\pa breach of the peace by fighting or rioting in public. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Anglo-French \Iafrayer\i \I(v.)\i and Old French \Iesfreer\i from Romanic\c
<hw>affricate</hw> \K/"afrIk\F'\nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhonet.\i a combination of a plosive with an immediately following fricative or spirant, e.g. \Ich\i as in \Ichair.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iaffricare\i (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \Ifricare\i 'rub')\c
<hw>affront</hw> \K/\F'\n"frVnt/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\pan open insult \3(feel it an affront;\c \2offer an affront to).\c \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b insult openly.\p\B2\b offend the modesty or self-respect of.\p\B3\b face, confront. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iafronter\i 'slap in the face, insult', ultimately from Latin \Ifrons frontis\i 'face'\c
<hw>Afghan</hw> \K/"afgan/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPeople\i \Ba\b a native or national of Afghanistan. \Bb\b a person of Afghan descent.\p\B2\b \ILanguage\i the official language of Afghanistan; \Ialso called\i \J\XPashto\x.\j\p\B3\b \B(afghan)\b \IKnitting Needlework\i a knitted and sewn woollen blanket or shawl.\p\B4\b (in full \BAfghan coat)\b \BBrit.\b \IClothing\i a kind of sheepskin coat with the skin outside and usu. with a shaggy border. \Iadj.\i of or relating to Afghanistan, its people, or its language. \BEtymology:\b \3Pashto \Iafghani\i\c
<hw>Afghan hound</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i\p\B1\b a tall hunting dog of a breed with long silky hair.\p\B2\b this breed.
<hw>afghani</hw> \K/af"gA:ni/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bafghanis)\b \ICurrency\i the chief monetary unit of Afghanistan. \BEtymology:\b \3Pashto\c
<hw>aficionado</hw> \K/afIsj\F'\n"nA:d\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b a devotee of a sport or pastime (originally of bullfighting). \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish\c
<hw>afield</hw> \K/\F'\n"fi:ld/\k \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b away from home; to or at a distance (esp. in phr. \Bfar afield).\b\p\B2\b in the field. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English (as \J\Xa\x (2),\j \J\Xfield\x)\j\c
<hw>afire</hw> \K/\F'\n"fVI\F'\n/\k \Iadv. & predic.adj.\i\p\B1\b on fire.\p\B2\b intensely roused or excited.
<hw>aflame</hw> \K/\F'\n"fleIm/\k \Iadv. & predic.adj.\i\p\B1\b in flames.\p\B2\b = \J\Xafire\x 2.\j
<hw>aflatoxin</hw> \K/afl\F'\n"tQksIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i any of a class of toxic compounds produced by the mould Aspergillus flavus, which cause liver damage and cancer. \BEtymology:\b \3\IA\ispergillus + \Ifla\ivus + \J\Xtoxin\x\j\c
<hw>AFL-CIO</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IPolit Industry\i American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations.\Knew in COD9 f. OERD. Feb 94\k
<hw>afloat</hw> \K/\F'\n"fl\F'\nUt/\k \Iadv. & predic.adj.\i\p\B1\b floating in water or air.\p\B2\b at sea; on board ship.\p\B3\b out of debt or difficulty.\p\B4\b in general circulation; current.\p\B5\b full of or covered with a liquid.\p\B6\b in full swing. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English (as \J\Xa\x (2),\j \J\Xfloat\x)\j\c
<hw>AFM</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IAeron\i (in the UK) Air Force Medal.
<hw>afoot</hw> \K/\F'\n"fUt/\k \Iadv. & predic.adj.\i\p\B1\b in operation; progressing.\p\B2\b astir; on the move.\p\B3\b \BN. Amer.\b \Ba\b on foot \3(dismounted and went afoot).\c \Bb\b on one's feet \3(slow afoot).\c\Ksense 3 new f. Kpb, Inc., Sept 94\k
<hw>afore</hw> \K/\F'\n"fO:/\k \Iprep., conj., & adv.\i \Iarchaic\i or \Idial.\i before; previously; in front (of).\Kconj. new pos in COD9 f. NSOED, DJT, corpus Jul 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ionforan\i (as \J\Xa\x (2),\j \J\Xfore\x)\j\c
<hw>aforethought</hw> \K/\F'\n"fO:TO:t/\k \Iadj.\i \ILaw\i premeditated \I(following a noun:\i \2malice aforethought).\c
<hw>a fortiori</hw> \K/eI fO:tI"O:rVI/\k \Iadv. & adj.\i with a yet stronger reason (than a conclusion already accepted); more conclusively. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin\c
<hw>afoul</hw> \K/\F'\n"faUl/\k \Iadv.\i (in phrs. \Bfall afoul of,\b \Brun afoul of)\b \BN. Amer.\b foul (see \J\Xfall\x,\j \J\Xrun\x).\j\Knew f. kpb, incomings, Sept 94\k
<hw>afraid</hw> \K/\F'\n"freId/\k \Ipredic.adj.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bof,\b or \Bthat\b or \Blest\b + clause)\i alarmed, frightened.\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bto\b + infin.)\i unwilling or reluctant for fear of the consequences \3(was afraid to go in).\c\p\1be afraid\c \I(foll. by \Bthat\b + clause)\i \Icolloq.\i admit or declare with (real or politely simulated) regret \3(I'm afraid there's none left).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English (past part. of obsolete verb \Iaffray),\i via Anglo-French \Iafrayer\i from Old French \Iesfreer\i\c
<hw>A-frame</hw> \K/"eIfreIm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBuilding\i\p\B1\b \I(often \Battrib.)\b\i a frame shaped like a capital letter A.\p\B2\b \BN. Amer.\b an A-frame house.\Knew f. Inc., corpus, Kpb, Sept 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\XA\x (1)\j + \J\Xframe\x\j\c
<hw>afreet</hw> \K/"afri:t/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bafrit)\b \IMythol\i a demon in Arabian mythology. \BEtymology:\b \3Arabic '\Iifrit\i\c
<hw>afresh</hw> \K/\F'\n"frES/\k \Iadv.\i anew; with a fresh beginning. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xa-\x (2)\j + \J\Xfresh\x\j\c
<hw>African</hw> \K/"afrIk(\F'\n)n/\k \In. & adj.\i \IPeople\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a native of Africa (esp. a dark-skinned person).\p\B2\b a person of African descent. \Iadj.\i of or relating to Africa. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \IAfricanus\i\c
<hw>Africana</hw> \K/afrI"kA:n\F'\n/\k \In.pl.\i \IAnthropol\i things connected with Africa.
<hw>African-American</hw> \In. & adj.\i \IPeople\i\p\In.\i\pa black American. \Iadj.\i of or relating to black Americans.\Kadj. new in COD9 f. SOED Jul 93\k
<hw>Africander</hw> \K/afrI"kand\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \BAfrikander)\b \IZool\i one of a S. African breed of sheep or longhorn cattle. \BEtymology:\b \3Afrikaans \IAfrikaander,\i alteration of Dutch \IAfrikaner\i on the pattern of \IHollander\i etc.\c
<hw>African elephant</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i the elephant, Loxodonta africana, of Africa, which is larger than the Indian elephant.
<hw>Africanize</hw> \K/"afrIk(\F'\n)nVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b\p\B1\b make African in character.\p\B2\b place under the control of African blacks.\p\B3\b (usu. as \BAfricanized\b \Iadj.)\i hybridize (honey bees) with African stock producing an aggressive strain. \BAfricanization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Knew f. NSOED, incomings Apr 94\k
<hw>African violet</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a small E. African plant of the genus \ISaintpaulia,\i with heart-shaped velvety leaves and blue, purple, or pink flowers, esp. S. ionantha, a popular house plant. \IAlso called\i \Isaintpaulia.\i
<hw>Afrikaans</hw> \K/afrI"kA:ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILanguage\i the language of the Afrikaner people developed from Dutch, an official language of the Republic of South Africa. \BEtymology:\b \3Dutch, = African\c
<hw>Afrikaner</hw> \K/afrI"kA:n\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPeople\i an Afrikaans-speaking white person in S. Africa, esp. one of Dutch descent.\p\B2\b \IBot.\i a S. African species of \IGladiolus\i or \IHomoglossum.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Afrikaans from Dutch: see \J\XAfricander\x\j\c
<hw>afrit</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xafreet\x.\j
<hw>Afro</hw> \K/"afr\F'\nU/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i (of a hairstyle) long and bushy, as naturally grown by some blacks.\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b \IHairdressing\i an Afro hairstyle. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\XAfro-\x,\j or abbreviation of \J\XAfrican\x\j\c
<hw>Afro-Caribbean</hw> \K/%afr\F'\nUkarI"bi:\F'\nn/, /-k\F'\n"rIbI\F'\nn/\k \In. & adj.\i \IPeople\i\p\In.\i\pa person of African descent living in or coming from the Caribbean. \Iadj.\i of or relating to Afro-Caribbeans.
<hw>Afrocentric</hw> \K/afr\F'\nU"sEntrIk/\k \Iadj.\i \ISociol\i centring on African or Afro-American culture; regarding African or black culture as pre-eminent.\Knew in COD9 f. NEWS, corpus Feb 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\XAfro-\x\j + \J\X-centric\x\j\c
<hw>afrormosia</hw> \K/afrO:"m\F'\nUzI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b an African tree, \IPericopsis\i (formerly \IAfrormosia)\i \Ielata,\i yielding a hardwood resembling teak and used for furniture.\p\B2\b \IForestry\i this wood. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from \J\XAfro-\x\j + \IOrmosia,\i a related genus\c
<hw>aft</hw> \K/A:ft/\k \Iadv.\i \INaut.\i & \IAeron.\i at or towards the stern or tail. \BEtymology:\b \3probably from Middle English \Ibaft:\i see \J\Xabaft\x\j\c
<hw>after</hw> \K/"A:ft\F'\n/\k \Iprep., conj., adv., & adj.\i \Iprep.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b following in time; later than \3(after six months;\c \2after midnight;\c \2day after day).\c \Bb\b \BN. Amer.\b in specifying time \3(a quarter after eight).\c\p\B2\b (with causal force) in view of (something that happened shortly before) \3(after your behaviour tonight what do you expect?).\c\p\B3\b (with concessive force) in spite of \3(after all my efforts I'm no better off).\c\p\B4\b behind \3(shut the door after you).\c\p\B5\b in pursuit or quest of \3(run after them;\c \2enquire after him;\c \2hanker after it;\c \2is after a job).\c\p\B6\b about, concerning \3(asked after her;\c \2asked after her health).\c\p\B7\b in allusion to \3(named him William after the prince).\c\p\B8\b in imitation of (a person, word, etc.) \3(a painting after Rubens;\c \2'aesthete' is formed after 'athlete').\c\p\B9\b next in importance to \3(the best book on the subject after mine).\c\p\B10\b according to \3(after a fashion).\c \Iconj.\i in or at a time later than that when \3(left after they arrived).\c \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b later in time \3(soon after;\c \2a week after).\c\p\B2\b behind in place \3(followed on after;\c \2look before and after).\c \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b later, following \3(in after years).\c\p\B2\b \INaut.\i nearer the stern \3(after cabins;\c \2after mast;\c \2after-peak).\c\p\1after all\c\p\B1\b in spite of all that has happened or has been said etc. \3(after all, what does it matter?).\c\p\B2\b in spite of one's exertions, expectations, etc. \3(they tried for an hour and failed after all;\c \2so you have come after all!).\c\p\1after one's own heart\c \Isee\i \J\Xheart\x.\j\p\1after you\c a formula used in offering precedence. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iµfter,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>afterbirth</hw> \K/"A:ft\F'\nb\F'\n:T/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed Vet\i the placenta and foetal membranes discharged from the womb after the birth of offspring.
<hw>afterburner</hw> \K/"A:ft\F'\n%b\F'\n:n\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAeron Mech\i an auxiliary burner in a jet engine to increase thrust.
<hw>aftercare</hw> \K/"A:ft\F'\nkE:/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMed Criminol\i care of a patient after a stay in hospital or of a person on release from prison.\p\B2\b \Ba\b subsequent care or maintenance \3(tips for aftercare).\c\Ksense 2a new f. corpus Feb 94\k \Bb\b \ICommerce\i support or advice offered to a customer following the purchase of a product or service.\Ksense 3b new f. News, corpus Feb 94\k
<hw>afterdamp</hw> \K/"A:ft\F'\ndamp/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMining\i choking gas left after an explosion of firedamp in a mine.
<hw>after-effect</hw>\p\In.\i\pan effect that follows after an interval or after the primary action of something.
<hw>afterglow</hw> \K/"A:ft\F'\ngl\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a light or radiance remaining after its source has disappeared or been removed.\p\B2\b a pleasant feeling remaining after a pleasurable experience.\Ksense 2 new f. corpus, incomings, Frank Abate Apr 94\k
<hw>after-hours</hw> \Iattrib.adj.\i taking place after normal hours.\Knew f. corpus Dec 93\k
<hw>after-image</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAnat\i an image retained by a sense organ, esp. the eye, and producing a sensation after the cessation of the stimulus.
<hw>afterlife</hw> \K/"A:ft\F'\nlVIf/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IRelig.\i life after death.\p\B2\b life at a later time.
<hw>aftermarket</hw> \K/"A:ft\F'\n%mA:kIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ICommerce\i a market in spare parts and components.\p\B2\b \IStock Exch.\i a market in shares after their original issue.\KUS label omitted as SOED Jul 93\k
<hw>aftermath</hw> \K/"A:ft\F'\nmaT/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b consequences or after-effects, esp. when unpleasant \3(the aftermath of war).\c\p\B2\b \IBot\i \Idial.\i new grass growing after mowing or after a harvest. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xafter\x \Iadj.\i\j + \Imath\i 'mowing' (Old English \Imµth,\i from Germanic)\c
<hw>aftermost</hw> \K/"A:ft\F'\nm\F'\nUst/\k \Iadj.\i \INaut.\i furthest aft.\Ksense last omitted as obs. Dec 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xafter\x \Iadj.\i\j + \J\X-most\x\j\c
<hw>afternoon</hw> \K/A:ft\F'\n"nu:n/\k \In. & int.\i \IHorol\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the time from noon or lunchtime to evening \3(this afternoon;\c \2during the afternoon;\c \2afternoon tea).\c\p\B2\b this time spent in a particular way \3(had a lazy afternoon).\c\p\B3\b a time compared with this, esp. the later part of something \3(the afternoon of life).\c \Iint.\i \Icolloq.\i = \Igood afternoon\i (see \J\Xgood\x \Iadj.\i 14).\j
<hw>afterpains</hw> \K/"A:ft\F'\npeInz/\k \In.pl.\i \IMed\i pains caused by contraction of the womb after childbirth.
<hw>afters</hw> \K/"A:ft\F'\nz/\k \In.pl.\i \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i the course following the main course of a meal; dessert.
<hw>after-school</hw> \Iattrib.adj.\i taking place after normal school hours.\Knew f. corpus Dec 93\k
<hw>aftershave</hw> \K/"A:ft\F'\nSeIv/\k\p\In.\i\pan astringent lotion for use after shaving.
<hw>aftershock</hw> \K/"A:ft\F'\nSQk/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeol.\i a lesser shock following the main shock of an earthquake.\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED, incomings Jul 93\k
<hw>aftertaste</hw> \K/"A:ft\F'\nteIst/\k\p\In.\i\pa taste remaining or recurring after eating or drinking.
<hw>afterthought</hw> \K/"A:ft\F'\nTO:t/\k\p\In.\i\pan item or thing that is thought of or added later.
<hw>afterwards</hw> \K/"A:ft\F'\nw\F'\ndz/\k \Iadv.\i \B(US\b also \Bafterward\b \K/-w\F'\nd/\k) later, subsequently.\Ketymology changed to correspond with NSOED, Hoad Jul 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iµfterwearde\i \I(adj.)\i from \Iµftan\i \J\Xaft\x\j + \J\X-ward\x\j\c
<hw>afterword</hw> \K/"A:ft\F'\nw\F'\n:d/\k\p\In.\i\pconcluding remarks in a book, esp. by a person other than its author.
<hw>Ag (1)</hw> \K/ag/ \k \Isymb.\i \IChem.\i the element silver. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iargentum\i\c
<hw>Ag (2)</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IBiol\i antigen.\Knew f. OERD Apr 94\k
<hw>ag-</hw> \K/ag/, /\F'\ng/\k \Iprefix\i \Iassim. form of\i \J\Xad-\x\j before \Ig.\i
<hw>Aga</hw> \K/"A:g\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ICookery\i \Ipropr.\i a type of heavy heat-retaining cooking stove or range burning solid fuel or powered by gas, oil, or electricity, and intended for continuous heating. \BEtymology:\b \3Swedish, from Svenska \IA\iktienbolaget \IG\ias\Ia\ickumulator (Swedish Gas Accumulator Company), the original manufacturer\c
<hw>aga</hw> \K/"A:g\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p(in Muslim countries, esp. under the Ottoman Empire) a commander; a chief. \BEtymology:\b \3Turkish \Iaga\i 'master'\c
<hw>again</hw> \K/\F'\n"gEn/, /\F'\n"geIn/\k \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b another time; once more.\p\B2\b as in a previous position or condition \3(back again;\c \2home again;\c \2quite well again).\c\p\B3\b in addition \3(as much again;\c \2half as many again).\c\p\B4\b further, besides \3(again, what about the children?).\c\p\B5\b on the other hand \3(I might, and again I might not).\c\p\1again and again\c repeatedly. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iongean,\i \Iongµgn,\i etc., from Germanic\c
<hw>against</hw> \K/\F'\n"gEnst/, /\F'\n"geInst/\k \Iprep.\i\p\B1\b in opposition to \3(fight against the invaders;\c \2am against hanging;\c \2arson is against the law).\c\p\B2\b into collision or in contact with \3(ran against a rock;\c \2lean against the wall;\c \2up against a problem).\c\p\B3\b to the disadvantage of \3(his age is against him).\c\p\B4\b in contrast to \3(against a dark background;\c \299 as against 102 yesterday).\c\p\B5\b in anticipation of or preparation for \3(against his coming;\c \2against a rainy day;\c \2protected against the cold;\c \2warned against pickpockets).\c\p\B6\b as a compensating factor to \3(income against expenditure).\c\p\B7\b in return for \3(issued against payment of the fee).\c\p\1against the clock\c \Isee\i \J\Xclock\x (1) 3.\j\p\1against the grain\c \Isee\i \J\Xgrain\x.\j\p\1against time\c \Isee\i \J\Xtime\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English \Iayenes\i etc., from \Iayen\i \J\Xagain\x\j + adverbial genitive \I-s\i + \I-t\i as in \Iamongst\i\c
<hw>Aga Khan</hw> \K/A:g\F'\n "kA:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i the spiritual leader of the Nizari sect of Ismaili Muslims.
<hw>agal</hw> \K/a"gA:l/\k\p\In.\i\p\IClothing\i a fillet worn by Bedouin Arabs to keep the keffiyeh in place.\Knew word in COD9 f. NSOED, RL Jul 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Arabic '\Iikal\i 'bond, rope'\c
<hw>agama</hw> \K/\F'\n"gA:m\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i an iguana-like Old World lizard of the genus \IAgama\i or a related genus. \BEtymology:\b \3Carib\c
<hw>agamospermy</hw> \K/"ag\F'\nm\F'\n%sp\F'\n:mi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot.\i asexual reproduction by division of an unfertilized ovule.\Knew Mar 93 from Minidict. Biol.\k \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iagamos\i 'unmarried' + \Isperma\i 'seed'\c
<hw>agapanthus</hw> \K/ag\F'\n"panT\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i any lilylike plant of the African genus \IAgapanthus.\i \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin, from Greek \Iagape\i 'love' + \Ianthos\i 'flower'\c
<hw>agape (1)</hw> \K/\F'\n"geIp/\k \Iadv. & predic.adj.\i gaping, open-mouthed, esp. with wonder or expectation.
<hw>agape (2)</hw> \K/"ag\F'\npi/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a Christian feast in token of fellowship, esp. one held by early Christians in commemoration of the Last Supper.\p\B2\b \ITheol.\i Christian love, esp. as distinct from erotic love. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek, = brotherly love\c
<hw>agar</hw> \K/"eIgA:/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bagar-agar\b \K/eIgA:r"eIgA:/\k) \IChem\i a gelatinous substance obtained from various kinds of red seaweed and used in making soups, biological culture media, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Malay\c
<hw>agaric</hw> \K/"ag(\F'\n)rIk/, /\F'\n"gA:rIk/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i any fungus of the family Agaricaceae, with cap and stalk, including the common edible mushroom. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iagaricum\i from Greek \Iagarikon\i\c
<hw>agate</hw> \K/"ag\F'\nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMineral\i\p\B1\b a hard usu. banded variety of chalcedony.\p\B2\b a coloured toy marble resembling this. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iagate,\i \I-the,\i via Latin \Iachates\i from Greek \Iakhates\i\c
<hw>agave</hw> \K/\F'\n"geIvi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i any plant of the genus \IAgave,\i with rosettes of narrow spiny leaves, and tall inflorescences, e.g. the American aloe. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin from Greek \IAgaue,\i a proper name in mythology, from \Iagauos\i 'illustrious'\c
<hw>age</hw> \K/eIdZ/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the length of time that a person or thing has existed or is likely to exist. \Bb\b a particular point in or part of one's life, often as a qualification \3(old age;\c \2voting age).\c\p\B2\b \Ba\b \I(often in \Bpl.)\b\i \Icolloq.\i a long time \3(took an age to answer;\c \2have been waiting for ages).\c \Bb\b a distinct period of the past \3(golden age;\c \2Bronze Age;\c \2Middle Ages).\c \Bc\b \IGeol.\i a period of time. \Bd\b a generation.\p\B3\b the latter part of life; old age \3(the peevishness of age).\c\p\Iv.\i\p\I(pres. part.\i \Bageing,\b \Baging)\b\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i show signs of advancing age \3(has aged a lot recently).\c\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i grow old.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i mature.\p\B4\b \Itr.\i cause or allow to age.\p\1come of age\c reach adult status (esp. in Law at 18, formerly 21). \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French, ultimately from Latin \Iaetas -atis\i 'age'\c
<hw>-age</hw> \K/IdZ/, /A:Z/\k \Isuffix\i forming nouns denoting:\p\B1\b an action \3(breakage;\c \2spillage).\c\p\B2\b a condition or function \3(bondage;\c \2a peerage).\c\p\B3\b an aggregate or number of \3(coverage;\c \2the peerage;\c \2acreage).\c\p\B4\b fees payable for; the cost of using \3(postage).\c\p\B5\b the product of an action \3(dosage;\c \2wreckage).\c\p\B6\b a place; an abode \3(anchorage;\c \2orphanage;\c \2parsonage).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Old French, ultimately from Latin \I-aticum,\i neut. of adjectival suffix \I-aticus\i \J\X-atic\x\j\c
<hw>aged</hw> \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \K/eIdZd/\k \Ba\b of the age of \3(aged ten).\c \Bb\b that has been subjected to ageing. \Bc\b (of a horse) over six years old.\p\B2\b \K/"eIdZId/\k having lived long; old.
<hw>age group</hw>\p\In.\i\pa number of persons or things classed together as of similar age.\Knew f. corpus, SOED Mar 94\k
<hw>ageing</hw> \K/"eIdZIN/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Baging)\b\p\B1\b growing old.\p\B2\b giving the appearance of advancing age.\p\B3\b \IMetallurgy\i a change of properties occurring in some metals after heat treatment or cold working.
<hw>ageism</hw> \K/"eIdZIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISociol\i prejudice or discrimination on the grounds of age. \Bageist\b \Iadj. & n.\i
<hw>ageless</hw> \K/"eIdZlIs/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b never growing or appearing old or outmoded.\p\B2\b eternal, timeless.
<hw>age-long</hw> \Iadj.\i lasting for a very long time.
<hw>agency</hw> \K/"eIdZ(\F'\n)nsi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b the business or establishment of an agent \3(employment agency).\c \Bb\b the function of an agent.\p\B2\b \Ba\b active operation; action \3(free agency).\c \Bb\b intervening action; means \3(fertilized by the agency of insects).\c \Bc\b action personified \3(an invisible agency).\c\p\B3\b \B(also Agency)\b a department or body providing a specific service for a government, political union, etc. \3(United Nations relief agency;\c \2News Agency).\c \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Iagentia\i from Latin \Iagere\i 'do'\c
<hw>agenda</hw> \K/\F'\n"dZEnd\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \I(pl.\i \Bagendas)\b \Ba\b a list of items of business to be considered at a meeting. \Bb\b a series of things to be done; a plan of activities or action.\p\B2\b \I(sing.\i \Bagendum)\b \I(treated as \Bpl.)\b\i \Ba\b items of business to be considered. \Bb\b things to be done. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, neut. pl. of gerundive of \Iagere\i 'do'\c \IAgenda\i is now usually treated as a singular noun (with plural \Iagendas),\i as in sense 1 above, e.g. \IThe agenda for the meeting was very long;\i \IToday's agenda includes a visit to the old town;\i \IAnticipate what hidden agendas others may have.\i It is occasionally found in sense 2 (its original sense) meaning 'items to be considered' or 'things to be done'. Cf. \J\Xdata\x,\j \J\Xmedia\x (1).\j
<hw>agent</hw> \K/"eIdZ(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a person who acts for another in business, politics, etc. \3(literary agent).\c \Bb\b a person or company that acts as broker and provides a specified service \3(estate agent;\c \2travel agent).\c \Bc\b a travelling salesman or saleswoman.\K1c new from DJT Aug 94\k \Bd\b a spy.\p\B2\b \Ba\b a person or thing that exerts power or produces an effect. \Bb\b the cause of a natural force or effect on matter \3(oxidizing agent).\c \Bc\b such a force or effect.\Kagential omitted Jul 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iagent-,\i part. stem of \Iagere\i 'do'\c
<hw>agent-general</hw>\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bagents-general)\b \IDiplomacy\i a representative of an Australian state or Canadian province.
<hw>agent noun</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IGram.\i a noun denoting an agent or agency (e.g. \Ilawyer,\i \Iaccelerator).\i\Knew word in COD9 f. NSOED Jul 93\k
<hw>agent provocateur</hw> \K/%aZQ~ pr\F'\n%vQk\F'\n"t\F'\n:/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bagents provocateurs\b \Ipronunc.\i same) \ICriminol\i a person employed to detect suspected offenders by tempting them to overt self-incriminating action.\Kipa keyed as aide-de-camp May 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3French, = provocative agent\c
<hw>age of consent</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i the age at which consent to sexual intercourse is valid in law.
<hw>age of discretion</hw> \Isee\i \J\Xdiscretion\x.\j
<hw>age of puberty</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i the age at which puberty begins, in law usu. 14 in boys and 12 in girls.
<hw>age-old</hw> \Iadj.\i having existed for a very long time.
<hw>age range</hw>\p\In.\i\pa range of ages.\Knew word in COD9 f. box, OED, corpus Jul 93\k
<hw>agglomerate</hw> \Iv., n., & adj.\i \Iv.tr. & intr.\i \K/\F'\n"glQm\F'\nreIt/\k\p\B1\b collect into a mass.\p\B2\b accumulate in a disorderly way.\p\In.\i\p\K/\F'\n"glQm\F'\nr\F'\nt/\k\p\B1\b a mass or collection of things.\p\B2\b \IGeol.\i a mass of large volcanic fragments bonded under heat \I(cf.\i \J\Xconglomerate\x \Iadj.\i 2,\p\In.\i\p3).\j \Iadj.\i \K/\F'\n"glQm\F'\nr\F'\nt/\k collected into a mass. \Bagglomeration\b \K/-"reIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bagglomerative\b \K/\F'\n"glQm\F'\nr\F'\ntIv/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iagglomerare\i (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \Iglomerare\i from \Iglomus -meris\i 'ball')\c
<hw>agglutinate</hw> \K/\F'\n"glu:tIn\F'\nt/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i unite as with glue.\p\B2\b \Itr. & intr.\i \IBiol.\i cause or undergo rapid clumping (of bacteria, erythrocytes, etc.).\p\B3\b \ILinguistics\i \Itr.\i (of language) combine (simple words) without change of form to express compound ideas. \Bagglutination\b \K/-"neIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bagglutinative\b \K/\F'\n"glu:tIn\F'\ntIv/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iagglutinare\i (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \Iglutinare\i from \Igluten -tinis\i 'glue')\c
<hw>agglutinin</hw> \K/\F'\n"glu:tInIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiol.\i an antibody, lectin, or other substance causing agglutination. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xagglutinate\x\j + \J\X-in\x\j\c
<hw>aggrandize</hw> \K/\F'\n"grandVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b\p\B1\b increase the power, rank, or wealth of (a person or state).\p\B2\b cause to appear greater than is the case. \Baggrandizement\b \K/-dIzm(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\Baggrandizer\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Iagrandir\i (stem \Iagrandiss-),\i probably via Italian \Iaggrandire\i from Latin \Igrandis\i large: assimilated to verbs in \J\X-ize\x\j\c
<hw>aggravate</hw> \K/"agr\F'\nveIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b increase the gravity of (an illness, offence, etc.) \3(the war was aggravating the situation).\c\p\B2\b \Idisp.\i annoy, exasperate (a person). \Baggravating\b \Iadj.\i \Idisp.\i \Baggravation\b \K/-"veIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iaggravare aggravat-\i 'make heavy' from \Igravis\i 'heavy'\c The use of \Iaggravate\i in sense 2, to mean 'annoy, exasperate', is regarded by some people as incorrect but is common in informal use and dates back to the 17th century. \IAggravating\i meaning 'annoying' is similarly frowned upon.
<hw>aggregate</hw> \In., adj., & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\K/"agrIg\F'\nt/\k\p\B1\b a collection of, or the total of, disparate elements.\p\B2\b pieces of crushed stone, gravel, etc., used in making concrete.\p\B3\b \Ba\b \IGeol.\i a mass of minerals formed into solid rock. \Bb\b a mass of particles. \Iadj.\i \K/"agrIg\F'\nt/\k\p\B1\b (of disparate elements) collected into one mass.\p\B2\b constituted by the collection of many units into one body.\p\B3\b \IBot.\i (of a group of species) comprising several very similar species formerly regarded as a single species. \Iv.tr. & intr.\i \K/"agrIgeIt/\k collect together; combine into a whole.\Ksenses 2 and 3 omitted Dec 93\k\p\1in the aggregate\c as a whole. \Baggregation\b \K/-"geIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Baggregative\b \K/"agrIg\F'\ntIv/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iaggregare aggregat-\i 'herd together' (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \Igrex gregis\i 'flock')\c
<hw>aggregate fruit</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot.\i a fruit formed from several carpels derived from the same flower (e.g. raspberry).\Knew as hwd Apr 94\k
<hw>aggression</hw> \K/\F'\n"grES(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or practice of attacking without provocation, esp. beginning a quarrel or war.\p\B2\b an unprovoked attack.\p\B3\b self-assertiveness; forcefulness.\p\B4\b \IPsychol.\i a hostile or destructive tendency; such behaviour. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iagression\i or Latin \Iaggressio\i 'attack', from \Iaggredi aggress-\i (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \Igradi\i 'walk')\c
<hw>aggressive</hw> \K/\F'\n"grEsIv/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of a person: \Ba\b given to aggression; openly hostile. \Bb\b forceful; self-assertive.\p\B2\b (of an act) offensive, hostile.\p\B3\b of aggression. \Baggressively\b \Iadv.\i \Baggressiveness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>aggressor</hw> \K/\F'\n"grEs\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pa person who attacks without provocation. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin (as \J\Xaggression\x)\j\c
<hw>aggrieved</hw> \K/\F'\n"gri:vd/\k \Iadj.\i having a grievance. \Baggrievedly\b \K/-vIdli/\k \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, past part. of \Iaggrieve,\i from Old French \Iagrever\i 'make heavier' (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \J\Xgrieve\x (1))\j\c
<hw>aggro</hw> \K/"agr\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \Islang\i\p\B1\b aggressive trouble-making.\p\B2\b trouble, difficulty. \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation of \J\Xaggravation\x\j (see \J\Xaggravate\x)\j or \J\Xaggression\x\j\c
<hw>aghast</hw> \K/\F'\n"gA:st/\k \Ipredic.adj.\i \I(often foll. by \Bat)\b\i filled with dismay or consternation. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, past part. of obsolete \Iagast,\i \Igast\i 'frighten': see \J\Xghastly\x\j\c
<hw>agile</hw> \K/"adZVIl/\k \Iadj.\i quick-moving, nimble, active. \Bagilely\b \Iadv.\i \Bagility\b \K/\F'\n"dZIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French from Latin \Iagilis,\i from \Iagere\i 'do'\c
<hw>agin</hw> \K/\F'\n"gIn/\k \Iprep.\i \Icolloq.\i or \Idial.\i against. \BEtymology:\b \3corruption of \J\Xagainst\x\j or obsolete prep. \Iagain,\i with the same meaning\c
<hw>aging</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xageing\x.\j
<hw>agio</hw> \K/"adZI\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bagios)\b \ICommerce\i\p\B1\b the percentage charged on the exchange of one currency, or one form of money, into another more valuable.\p\B2\b the excess value of one currency over another.\p\B3\b money-exchange business. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian \Iaggio\i\c
<hw>agist</hw> \K/\F'\n"dZIst/\k \Iv.tr.\i \IAgriculture Law\i take in and feed (livestock) for payment. \Bagistment\b\p\In.\i\p\Knew in COD9 f. COD7, correspondence Jul 93\k
<hw>agitate</hw> \K/"adZIteIt/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i disturb or excite (a person or feelings).\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bfor,\b \Bagainst)\b\i stir up interest or concern, esp. publicly \3(agitated for tax reform).\c\p\B3\b \Itr.\i shake or move, esp. briskly. \Bagitatedly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iagitare agitat-,\i frequentative of \Iagere\i 'drive'\c
<hw>agitation</hw> \K/adZI"teIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or process of agitating or being agitated.\p\B2\b mental anxiety or concern. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iagitation\i or Latin \Iagitatio\i (as \J\Xagitate\x)\j\c
<hw>agitato</hw> \K/adZI"tA:t\F'\nU/\k \Iadv. & adj.\i \IMus.\i in an agitated manner. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian\c
<hw>agitator</hw> \K/"adZIteIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person who agitates, esp. publicly for a cause.\p\B2\b an apparatus for shaking or mixing liquid etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin (as \J\Xagitate\x)\j\c
<hw>agitprop</hw> \K/"adZItprQp/, /"ag-/\k\p\In.\i\p\Ihist.\i \IPolit\i the dissemination of Communist political propaganda, esp. in plays, films, books, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Russian (as \J\Xagitation\x,\j \J\Xpropaganda\x)\j\c
<hw>aglet</hw> \K/"agl\F'\nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a metal tag attached to each end of a shoelace etc.\p\B2\b \IMil\i = \J\Xaiguillette\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from French \Iaiguillette\i 'small needle', ultimately from Latin \Iacus\i 'needle'\c
<hw>aglow</hw> \K/\F'\n"gl\F'\nU/\k \Iadv. & predic.adj.\i glowing; in a glow (of warmth, excitement, etc.).
<hw>AGM</hw> \Iabbr.\i \BBrit.\b annual general meeting.
<hw>agma</hw> \K/"agm\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhonet\i\p\B1\b the speech sound of 'ng' as in \Ithing,\i represented by the symbol \K/N/\k.\p\B2\b this symbol. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek, literally 'fragment'\c
<hw>agnail</hw> \K/"agneIl/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a piece of torn skin at the root of a fingernail.\p\B2\b the soreness resulting from this. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iangnµgl\i from \Inµgl\i \J\Xnail\x\p\In.\i\p2a:\j cf. \J\Xhangnail\x\j\c
<hw>agnate</hw> \K/"agneIt/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b descended esp. by male line from the same male ancestor \I(cf.\i \J\Xcognate\x \Iadj.\i 1).\j\p\B2\b descended from the same forefather; of the same clan or nation.\p\B3\b of the same nature; akin.\p\In.\i\pa person who is descended esp. by male line from the same male ancestor. \Bagnatic\b \K/-"natIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Bagnation\b \K/-"neIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iagnatus,\i from \Iad\i \J\Xag-\x\j + \I(g)natus\i 'born'\c
<hw>agnolotti</hw> \K/anj\F'\n"lQti/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i small pasta shapes containing meat stuffing.\Knew in COD9 f. NEWS Feb 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Italian\c
<hw>agnosia</hw> \K/\F'\ng"n\F'\nUsI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed.\i the loss of the ability to interpret sensations. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from Greek \Iagnosia\i 'ignorance'\c
<hw>agnostic</hw> \K/ag"nQstIk/\k \In. & adj.\i \IRelig\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person who believes that nothing is known, or can be known, of the existence or nature of God or of anything beyond material phenomena.\p\B2\b a person who is uncertain or non-committal about a certain thing.\Ksense 2 new in COD9 f. NSOED Jul 93\k \Iadj.\i of or relating to agnostics or agnosticism. \Bagnosticism\b \K/-sIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xa-\x (1)\j + \J\Xgnostic\x\j\c
<hw>Agnus Dei</hw> \K/"agnUs "deIi:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i\p\B1\b a figure of a lamb bearing a cross or flag, as an emblem of Christ.\p\B2\b the part of the Roman Catholic Mass beginning with the words 'Lamb of God'. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = Lamb of God\c
<hw>ago</hw> \K/\F'\n"g\F'\nU/\k \Iadv.\i earlier; before the present \3(ten years ago;\c \2long ago).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English \I(ago,\i \Iagone),\i past part. of obsolete verb \Iago\i (as \J\Xa-\x (2),\j \J\Xgo\x (1))\j\c Note the construction \Iit is ten years ago that\i (not \Isince)\i \II saw them.\i
<hw>agog</hw> \K/\F'\n"gQg/\k \Iadv. & adj.\i \Iadv.\i eagerly, expectantly. \Ipredic.adj.\i eager, expectant. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ien gogues,\i from \Ien\i 'in' + pl. of \Igogue\i 'fun'\c
<hw>agogic</hw> \K/\F'\n"gQdZIk/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IMus.\i \Iadj.\i designating or relating to an accent effected by lengthening the time value of a note.\p\In.\i\p\I(in \Bpl.,\b usu. treated as \Bsing.)\b\i the use of agogic accents; the deliberate modification of time values in a musical performance.\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED Jul 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3German \Iagogisch,\i from Greek \Iagogos\i 'leading'\c
<hw>agonic line</hw> \K/\F'\n"gQnIk/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeog\i a line passing through both the north pole and the north magnetic pole and joining places at which a compass needle points to true north (i.e. without declination). \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iagon(i)os,\i from \Ia-\i \J\Xa-\x (1)\j + \Igonia\i 'angle' + \J\X-ic\x\j\c
<hw>agonist</hw> \K/"ag\F'\nnIst/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPhysiol.\i a muscle whose contraction moves a part directly.\p\B2\b \IBiochem.\i a substance which initiates a physiological response when combined with a receptor.\p\B3\b = \J\Xprotagonist\x 1, 2.\j\Knew f. Collins. NSOED Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iagonistes\i 'contestant', from \Iagon\i 'contest'\c
<hw>agonistic</hw> \K/ag\F'\n"nIstIk/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b polemical, combative.\p\B2\b \IZool.\i (of animal behaviour) associated with conflict.\p\B3\b \IBiochem.\i of or relating to an agonist; acting as an agonist.\Ksenses 2, 3 new f. incomings Mar 94\k \Bagonistically\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Iagonisticus\i from Greek \Iagonistikos,\i via \Iagonistes\i 'contestant' from \Iagon\i 'contest'\c
<hw>agonize</hw> \K/"ag\F'\nnVIz/\k\p\Iv.\i\p(also \B-ise)\b\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bover)\b\i undergo (esp. mental) anguish; suffer agony.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i cause agony to.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i (as \Bagonized\b \Iadj.)\i expressing agony \3(an agonized look).\c\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i struggle, contend. \Bagonizingly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iagoniser\i or Late Latin \Iagonizare\i from Greek \Iagonizomai\i 'contend', from \Iagon\i 'contest'\c
<hw>agony</hw> \K/"ag\F'\nni/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b extreme mental or physical suffering.\p\B2\b a severe struggle. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iagonie\i or Late Latin from Greek \Iagonia,\i from \Iagon\i 'contest'\c
<hw>agony aunt</hw>\p\In.\i\p\I(masc.\i \Bagony uncle)\b \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i a person who answers letters in an agony column.\Kagony uncle new in COD9 f. corpus, RL Jul 93\k
<hw>agony column</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i\p\B1\b a column in a newspaper or magazine offering personal advice to readers who write in.\p\B2\b \I=\i \J\Xpersonal column\x.\j
<hw>agoraphobe</hw> \K/"ag(\F'\n)r\F'\nf\F'\nUb/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPsychol\i a person who suffers from agoraphobia.
<hw>agoraphobia</hw> \K/ag(\F'\n)r\F'\n"f\F'\nUbI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPsychol.\i an abnormal fear of open spaces or public places. \Bagoraphobic\b \Iadj. & n.\i \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from Greek \Iagora\i 'place of assembly, market place' + \J\X-phobia\x\j\c
<hw>agouti</hw> \K/\F'\n"gu:ti/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Baguti)\b \I(pl.\i \B-tis)\b \IZool\i\p\B1\b a burrowing rodent of the genus \IDasyprocta\i or \IMyoprocta\i of Central and S. America, related to the guinea pig.\p\B2\b any animal whose fur has each hair banded dark and light.\Ksense 2 new f. SOED Jul 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iagouti\i or Spanish \Iaguti,\i from Tupi \Iaguti\i\c
<hw>agrarian</hw> \K/\F'\n"grE:rI\F'\nn/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IAgriculture\i of or relating to the land or its cultivation.\p\B2\b relating to landed property.\p\In.\i\pa person who advocates a redistribution of landed property. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iagrarius,\i from \Iager agri\i 'field'\c
<hw>agree</hw> \K/\F'\n"gri:/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B(agrees,\b \Bagreed,\b \Bagreeing)\b\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i hold a similar opinion \3(I agree with you about that;\c \2they agreed that it would rain).\c\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bto,\b or \Bto\b + infin.)\i consent \3(agreed to the arrangement;\c \2agreed to go).\c\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i \Ba\b become or be in harmony. \Bb\b suit; be good for \3(caviar didn't agree with him).\c \Bc\b \IGram.\i have the same number, gender, case, or person as.\p\B4\b \Itr.\i \BBrit.\b reach agreement about \3(agreed a price).\c\p\B5\b \Itr.\i \BBrit.\b consent to or approve of (terms, a proposal, etc.).\p\B6\b \Itr.\i \BBrit.\b bring (things, esp. accounts) into harmony.\p\B7\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bon)\b\i decide by mutual consent \3(agreed on a compromise).\c\p\1agree to differ\c leave a difference of opinion unresolved.\p\1be agreed\c have reached the same opinion. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iagreer,\i ultimately from Latin \Igratus\i 'pleasing'\c
<hw>agreeable</hw> \K/\F'\n"gri:\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i pleasing.\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i (of a person) willing to agree \3(was agreeable to going).\c\p\B3\b \I(foll. by \Bto)\b\i conformable. \Bagreeableness\b\p\In.\i\p\Bagreeably\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iagreable,\i from \Iagreer\i \J\Xagree\x\j\c
<hw>agreement</hw> \K/\F'\n"gri:m(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act of agreeing; the holding of the same opinion \3(reached agreement).\c\p\B2\b mutual understanding.\p\B3\b an arrangement between parties as to a course of action etc.\p\B4\b \IGram.\i having the same number, gender, case, or person.\p\B5\b mutual conformity of things; harmony. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French (as \J\Xagree\x)\j\c
<hw>agribusiness</hw> \K/"agrIbIznIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i\p\B1\b agriculture conducted on strictly commercial principles, esp. using advanced technology.\p\B2\b an organization engaged in this.\p\B3\b the group of industries dealing with the produce of, and services to, farming. \Bagribusinessman\b \K/-"bIznIsm\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-men).\b \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xagriculture\x\j + \J\Xbusiness\x\j\c
<hw>agriculture</hw> \K/"agrIkVltS\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAgriculture\i the science or practice of cultivating the soil and rearing animals. \Bagricultural\b \K/-"kVltS(\F'\n)r(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Bagriculturalist\b \K/-"kVltS(\F'\n)r(\F'\n)lIst/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bagriculturally\b \K/-"kVltS(\F'\n)r(\F'\n)li/\k \Iadv.\i \Bagriculturist\b \K/-"kVltS(\F'\n)rIst/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Iagriculture\i or Latin \Iagricultura,\i from \Iager agri\i 'field' + \Icultura\i \J\Xculture\x\j\c
<hw>agrimony</hw> \K/"agrIm\F'\nni/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IBot\i any perennial plant of the genus \IAgrimonia,\i esp. A. eupatoria with small yellow flowers. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iaigremoine\i from Latin \Iagrimonia,\i alteration of \Iargemonia,\i from Greek \Iargemone\i 'poppy'\c
<hw>agrochemical</hw> \K/agr\F'\nU"kEmIk(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i a chemical used in agriculture.
<hw>agroforestry</hw> \K/agr\F'\nU"fQrIstri/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAgriculture Forestry\i agriculture incorporating the cultivation and conservation of trees.\Knew f. Incomings, Canad.COD Mar 94\k
<hw>agronomy</hw> \K/\F'\n"grQn\F'\nmi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiol\i the science of soil management and crop production. \Bagronomic\b \K/agr\F'\n"nQmIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Bagronomical\b \K/agr\F'\n"nQmIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Bagronomically\b \K/agr\F'\n"nQmIk(\F'\n)li/\k \Iadv.\i \Bagronomist\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Iagronomie\i from \Iagronome\i 'agriculturist', from Greek \Iagros\i 'field' + \I-nomos\i from \Inemo\i 'arrange'\c
<hw>aground</hw> \K/\F'\n"graUnd/\k \Ipredic.adj. & adv.\i \INaut\i (of a ship) on or on to the bottom of shallow water \3(be aground;\c \2run aground).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from \J\Xa\x (2)\j + \J\Xground\x (1)\j\c
<hw>ague</hw> \K/"eIgju:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i\p\B1\b \Ihist.\i a malarial fever, with cold, hot, and sweating stages.\p\B2\b a shivering fit. \Bagued\b \Iadj.\i \Baguish\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from medieval Latin \Iacuta\i \I(febris)\i 'acute (fever)'\c
<schw>ah</schw> \Iabbr.\i \IRelig\i in the year of the Hegira (ad 622); of the Muslim era. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ianno Hegirae\i\c
<hw>ah</hw> \K/A:/\k \Iint.\i expressing surprise, pleasure, sudden realization, resignation, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ia\i\c See Usage Note at \J\Xaha\x.\j
<hw>aha</hw> \K/\F'\n"hA:/, /A:"hA:/\k \Iint.\i expressing surprise, triumph, mockery, irony, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from \J\Xah\x\j + \J\Xha\x (1)\j\c As with many exclamations, sense depends much on intonation.
<hw>ahead</hw> \K/\F'\n"hEd/\k \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b further forward in space or time.\p\B2\b in the lead; further advanced \3(ahead on points).\c\p\B3\b in the line of one's forward motion \3(roadworks ahead).\c\p\B4\b straight forwards.\p\1ahead of\c\p\B1\b further forward or advanced than.\p\B2\b in the line of the forward motion of. \BEtymology:\b \3originally nautical, from \J\Xa\x (2)\j + \J\Xhead\x\j\c
<hw>ahem</hw> \K/\F'\n"hEm/\k (not usu. clearly articulated) \Iint.\i used to attract attention, gain time, or express disapproval. \BEtymology:\b \3lengthened form of \J\Xhem\x (2)\j\c
<hw>ahimsa</hw> \K/\F'\n"hImsA:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhilos Relig\i (in the Hindu, Buddhist, and Jainist tradition) respect for all living things and avoidance of violence towards others both in thought and deed. \BEtymology:\b \3Sanskrit, from \Ia\i 'without' + \Ihimsa\i 'injury'\c
<hw>ahoy</hw> \K/\F'\n"hOI/\k \Iint.\i \INaut.\i a call used in hailing. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xah\x\j + \J\Xhoy\x (1)\j\c
\B\Iα huis clos\b\i \K/A: wi: "kl\F'\nU/, French /a Hi klo/\k \Iadv.\i in private. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = with closed doors\c
<hw>AI</hw> \Iabbr.\i\p\B1\b \IMed\i artificial insemination.\p\B2\b \IComputing\i artificial intelligence.\Ksense 2 new in COD9 f. POD Jul 93\k
<hw>ai</hw> \K/"A:I/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bais)\b \IZool\i the three-toed sloth of S. America, of the genus \IBradypus.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Tupi \Iai,\i representing its cry\c
<hw>AID</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IMed\i artificial insemination by donor.
<hw>aid</hw> \K/eId/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b help.\p\B2\b financial or material help, esp. given by one country to another.\p\B3\b a material source of help \3(teaching aid).\c\p\B4\b a person or thing that helps.\p\B5\b \I(as second element in \Bcomb.)\b\i \Besp. Brit.\b denoting an organization or event that raises money for charity \3(Band Aid).\c\p\B6\b \Ihist.\i a grant of subsidy or tax to a king. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bin\b + gerund)\i help.\p\B2\b promote or encourage \3(sleep will aid recovery).\c\p\1in aid of\c \BBrit.\b in support of.\p\1what's this (or all this) in aid of?\c \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i what is the purpose of this? \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ia∩de\i \I(n.),\i \Ia∩dier\i \I(v.),\i ultimately from Latin \Iadjuvare\i (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \Ijuvare jut-\i 'help')\c
<hw>aide</hw> \K/eId/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMil\i an aide-de-camp.\p\B2\b an assistant.\Ksense 3 omitted f. COD9 Jul 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation\c
<hw>aide-de-camp</hw> \K/eIdd\F'\n"kQ~/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Baides-de-camp\b \Ipronunc.\i same) \IMil\i an officer acting as a confidential assistant to a senior officer. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = camp adjutant\c
<hw>aide-mΘmoire</hw> \K/%eIdmEm"wA:/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Baides-mΘmoires\b or \Baides-mΘmoire\b \Ipronunc.\i same)\p\B1\b \Ba\b an aid to the memory. \Bb\b a book or document meant to aid the memory.\p\B2\b \IDiplomacy\i a memorandum. \BEtymology:\b \3French, from \Iaider\i 'to help' + \ImΘmoire\i 'memory'\c
<hw>Aids</hw> \K/eIdz/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \BAIDS)\b \IMed\i acquired immune deficiency syndrome, a condition caused by a virus transmitted in the body fluids, marked by severe loss of resistance to infection and so ultimately fatal. \BEtymology:\b \3acronym\c
<hw>Aids-related complex</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i the symptoms of a person who is affected with the Aids virus but does not necessarily develop the disease.
<hw>aigrette</hw> \K/"eIgrEt/, /eI"grEt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a white plume from an egret.\p\B2\b a tuft of feathers or hair.\p\B3\b a spray of gems or similar ornament. \BEtymology:\b \3French: see \J\Xegret\x\j\c
<hw>aiguille</hw> \K/"eIgwi:l/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeol\i a sharp peak of rock, esp. in the Alps. \BEtymology:\b \3French: see \J\Xaglet\x\j\c
<hw>aiguillette</hw> \K/eIgwI"lEt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i a tagged point hanging from the shoulder on the breast of some uniforms. \BEtymology:\b \3French: see \J\Xaglet\x\j\c
<hw>AIH</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IMed\i artificial insemination by husband.
<hw>aikido</hw> \K/VI"ki:d\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISport\i a Japanese form of self-defence and martial art, using locks, holds, throws, and the opponent's own movements. \BEtymology:\b \3Japanese, from \Iai\i 'together, unify' + \Iki\i 'spirit' + \Ido\i 'way'\c
<hw>ail</hw> \K/eIl/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \I(only in 3rd person interrog. or indefinite constructions)\i \Iarchaic\i trouble or afflict in mind or body \3(what ails him?).\c\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i (usu. \Bbe ailing)\b be ill. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iegl(i)an,\i from \Iegle\i 'troublesome'\c
<hw>ailanthus</hw> \K/eI"lanT\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a tall deciduous tree of the genus \IAilanthus,\i native to Asia and Australasia, esp. the tree of heaven, A. altissima. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin, via French \Iailante\i from Amboinese \Iaylanto:\i ending influenced by \I-anthus\i = Greek \Ianthos\i 'flower'\c
<hw>aileron</hw> \K/"eIl\F'\nrQn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAeron\i a hinged surface in the trailing edge of an aeroplane wing, used to control lateral balance. \BEtymology:\b \3French, diminutive of \Iaile\i 'wing', from Latin \Iala\i\c
<hw>ailing</hw> \K/"eIlIN/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b ill, esp. chronically.\p\B2\b in poor condition.
<hw>ailment</hw> \K/"eIlm(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i an illness, esp. a minor one.
<hw>aim</hw> \K/eIm/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bat\b + verbal noun, or \Bto\b + infin.)\i intend or try \3(aim at winning;\c \2aim to win).\c\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bat)\b\i direct or point (a weapon, remark, etc.).\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i take aim.\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bat,\b \Bfor)\b\i seek to attain or achieve.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a purpose or design; an object aimed at.\p\B2\b the directing of a weapon, missile, etc., at an object.\p\1take aim\c direct a weapon etc. at an object. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French, ultimately from Latin \Iaestimare\i 'reckon'\c
<hw>aimless</hw> \K/"eImlIs/\k \Iadj.\i without aim or purpose. \Baimlessly\b \Iadv.\i \Baimlessness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>ain't</hw> \K/eInt/\k \Icontr.\i \Icolloq.\i\p\B1\b am not; are not; is not \3(you ain't doing it right;\c \2she ain't nice).\c\p\B2\b has not; have not \3(we ain't seen him).\c \BEtymology:\b \3contraction of \Iare not\i\c \IAin't\i is usually regarded as an uneducated use, and unacceptable in spoken and written English, except in representations of dialect speech.
<hw>aioli</hw> \K/VI"\F'\nUli/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Ba∩oli)\b \IFood\i mayonnaise seasoned with garlic.\Knew f. Incs, NSOED Sept 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3French, from Provenτal \Iai\i 'garlic' + \Ioli\i 'oil'\c
<hw>air</hw> \K/E:/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an invisible gaseous substance surrounding the earth, a mixture mainly of oxygen and nitrogen.\p\B2\b \Ba\b the earth's atmosphere. \Bb\b the free or unconfined space in the atmosphere \3(birds of the air;\c \2in the open air).\c \Bc\b \IAeron Broadcasting\i the atmosphere as a place where aircraft operate or as a medium for transmitting radio waves.\p\B3\b \Ba\b a distinctive impression or characteristic \3(an air of absurdity).\c \Bb\b one's manner or bearing, esp. a confident one \3(with a triumphant air;\c \2does things with an air).\c \Bc\b \I(esp. in \Bpl.)\b\i an affected manner; pretentiousness \3(gave himself airs).\c\p\B4\b \IMus.\i a tune or melody; a melodious composition.\p\B5\b a breeze or light wind. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b warm (washed laundry) to remove damp, esp. at a fire or in a heated cupboard.\p\B2\b expose (a room etc.) to the open air; ventilate.\p\B3\b express publicly (an opinion, grievance, etc.).\p\B4\b parade; show ostentatiously (esp. qualities).\p\B5\b \Irefl.\i go out in the fresh air.\p\1airs and graces\c affected elegance designed to attract or impress.\p\1by air\c by aircraft; in an aircraft.\p\1in the air\c (of opinions or feelings) prevalent; gaining currency.\p\1on (or off) the air\c in (or not in) the process of broadcasting.\p\1take the air\c go out of doors.\p\1tread (or walk) on air\c feel elated.\p\1up in the air\c (of projects etc.) uncertain; not decided.\Ksense 2 of in the air replaced by up in the air as new idiom from corpus, COD box Jul 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via French and Latin from Greek \Iaer\i\c
<hw>air bag</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ITransport\i a safety device that fills with air or nitrogen on impact to protect the occupants of a vehicle in a collision.
<hw>airbase</hw> \K/"E:beIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMil Aeron\i a base for the operation of military aircraft.
<hw>air-bed</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b an inflatable mattress.
<hw>air bladder</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool Bot Anat\i a bladder or sac filled with air in fish or some plants \I(cf.\i \J\Xswim-bladder\x).\j
<hw>airborne</hw> \K/"E:bO:n/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b transported by air.\p\B2\b \IAeron\i (of aircraft) in the air after taking off.
<hw>air brake</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMech\i a brake worked by air pressure.\p\B2\b \IAeron\i a movable flap or other device on an aircraft to reduce its speed.
<hw>airbrick</hw> \K/"E:brIk/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IBuilding\i a brick perforated with small holes for ventilation.
<hw>air bridge</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IAeron\i a portable bridge or walkway put against an aircraft door.
<hw>airbrush</hw> \K/"E:brVS/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\IArt\i an artist's device for spraying paint by means of compressed air. \Iv.tr.\i paint or paint over with an airbrush esp. for the purpose of enhancement.
<hw>Airbus</hw> \K/"E:bVs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAeron Transport\i \Ipropr.\i an aircraft designed to carry a large number of passengers economically, esp. over relatively short routes.
<hw>Air Chief Marshal</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAeron\i an RAF officer of high rank, below Marshal of the RAF and above Air Marshal.
<hw>Air Commodore</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAeron\i an RAF officer next above Group Captain.
<hw>air-conditioning</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a system for regulating the humidity, ventilation, and temperature in a building or vehicle.\p\B2\b the apparatus for this. \Bair-conditioned\b \Iadj.\i \Bair-conditioner\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>air-cooled</hw> \Iadj.\i \IMech\i cooled by means of a current of air.
<hw>aircraft</hw> \K/"E:krA:ft/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i same) \IAeron Transport\i a machine capable of flight, esp. an aeroplane or helicopter.
<hw>aircraft carrier</hw>\p\In.\i\p\INaut Mil\i a warship that carries and serves as a base for aeroplanes.\Kspelling changed in accordance with corpus evidence Jul 93\k
<hw>aircraftman</hw> \K/"E:krA:ftm\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-men;\b \Ifem.\i \Baircraftwoman\b \K/"E:krA:ft%wUm\F'\nn/\k, \Ipl.\i \B-women)\b \IAeron\i the lowest rank in the RAF.
<hw>aircrew</hw> \K/"E:kru:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAeron\i\p\B1\b the crew manning an aircraft.\p\B2\b \I(pl.\i same) a member of such a crew.
<hw>air cushion</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an inflatable cushion.\p\B2\b \INaut\i the layer of air supporting a hovercraft or similar vehicle.
<hw>airdrop</hw> \K/"E:drQp/\k \In. & v.\i \IMil Aeron\i\p\In.\i\pthe act or an instance of dropping supplies, troops, etc. by parachute. \Iv.tr.\i \B(-dropped,\b \B-dropping)\b drop (supplies etc.) by parachute.\Knew f. SOED, corpus Dec 93\k
<hw>Airedale</hw> \K/"E:deIl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i\p\B1\b a large terrier of a rough-coated breed.\p\B2\b this breed. \BEtymology:\b \3\IAiredale,\i a district in Yorkshire\c
<hw>airer</hw> \K/"E:r\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b a frame or stand for airing or drying clothes etc.
<hw>airfield</hw> \K/"E:fi:ld/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAeron\i an area of land where aircraft take off and land, are maintained, etc.
<hw>airflow</hw> \K/"E:fl\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAeron. Transport\i the flow of air, esp. that encountered by a moving aircraft or vehicle.\Knew word in COD9 f. NSOED Jul 93\k
<hw>air force</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAeron\i a branch of the armed forces concerned with fighting or defence in the air.
<hw>airframe</hw> \K/"E:freIm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAeron\i the body of an aircraft as distinct from its engine(s).
<hw>airglow</hw> \K/"E:gl\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i radiation from the upper atmosphere, detectable at night.
<hw>airgun</hw> \K/"E:gVn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBallistics\i a gun using compressed air to propel pellets.
<hw>airhead</hw> \K/"E:hEd/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMil.\i a forward base for aircraft in enemy territory.\p\B2\b \Islang\i a silly or foolish person. \BEtymology:\b \3sense 1 on the pattern of \Ibridgehead\i\c
<hw>air hostess</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IAeron\i a stewardess in a passenger aircraft.
<hw>airing</hw> \K/"E:rIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b exposure to fresh air, esp. for exercise or an excursion.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b exposure (of laundry etc.) to warm air.\p\B3\b public expression of an opinion etc. \3(the idea will get an airing at tomorrow's meeting).\c
<hw>air lane</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAeron\i a path or course regularly used by aircraft \I(cf.\i \J\Xlane\x 4).\j
<hw>airless</hw> \K/"E:lIs/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b stuffy; not ventilated.\p\B2\b without wind or breeze; still. \Bairlessness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>air letter</hw>\p\In.\i\pa sheet of light paper forming a letter for sending by airmail.
<hw>airlift</hw> \K/"E:lIft/\k \In. & v.\i \IMil\i\p\In.\i\pthe transport of troops and supplies by air, esp. in a blockade or other emergency. \Iv.tr.\i transport in this way.
<hw>airline</hw> \K/"E:lVIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IAeron\i an organization providing a regular public service of air transport on one or more routes.\p\B2\b \IDiving\i a pipe supplying air, esp. to a diver.\Kairline sense 2 now one word as in NSOED Jul 93\k
<hw>airliner</hw> \K/"E:lVIn\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAeron Transport\i a large passenger aircraft.
<hw>airlock</hw> \K/"E:lQk/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a stoppage of the flow in a pump or pipe, caused by an air bubble.\p\B2\b a compartment with controlled pressure and parallel sets of doors, to permit movement between areas at different pressures.
<hw>airmail</hw> \K/"E:meIl/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a system of transporting mail by air.\p\B2\b mail carried by air. \Iv.tr.\i send by airmail.
<hw>airman</hw> \K/"E:m\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-men)\b \IAeron\i\p\B1\b a pilot or member of the crew of an aircraft, esp. in an air force.\p\B2\b a member of the RAF below commissioned rank.
<hw>Air Marshal</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAeron\i an RAF officer of high rank, below Air Chief Marshal and above Air Vice-Marshal.
<hw>air mattress</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b = \J\Xair-bed\x.\j\Knew from incomings Sept 94\k
<hw>air mile</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a nautical mile used as a measure of distance flown by aircraft.\p\B2\b \B(Air Miles)\b \Ipl.\i \Ipropr.\i points (equivalent to miles of free air travel) accumulated by buyers of airline tickets and other products.\Knew f. OED, OERD, corpus Aug 94\k
<hw>airmiss</hw> \K/"E:mIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IAeron\i a circumstance in which two or more aircraft in flight on different routes are less than a prescribed distance apart.
<hw>airmobile</hw> \K/E:"m\F'\nUbVIl/\k \Iadj.\i \IMil\i (of troops) that can be moved about by air.
<hw>Air Officer</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAeron\i any RAF officer above the rank of Group Captain.
<hw>air plant</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a plant growing naturally without soil.
<hw>airplay</hw> \K/"E:pleI/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBroadcasting\i broadcasting (of recorded music).
<hw>air pocket</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a cavity containing air.\Ksense 1 new f. JMH Jul 93\k\p\B2\b \IAeron\i a region of low pressure etc. causing an aircraft to lose height suddenly.
<hw>airport</hw> \K/"E:pO:t/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAeron\i a complex of runways and buildings for the take-off, landing, and maintenance of civil aircraft, with facilities for passengers.
<hw>air power</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i the ability to defend and attack by means of aircraft, missiles, etc.
<hw>air pump</hw>\p\In.\i\pa device for pumping air into or out of an enclosed space.
<hw>air raid</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i an attack by aircraft.
<hw>air rifle</hw>\p\In.\i\pa rifle using compressed air to propel pellets.
<hw>air sac</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool Anat\i an extension of the lungs in birds or of the tracheae in insects.
<hw>airscrew</hw> \K/"E:skru:/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IAeron\i an aircraft propeller.
<hw>air-sea rescue</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAeron\i rescue from the sea by aircraft.
<hw>airship</hw> \K/"E:SIp/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAeron Transport\i a power-driven aircraft that is lighter than air.
<hw>air show</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAeron\i a show at which aircraft are on view and perform aerial displays.\Knew f. SOED, corpus, incomings April 94\k
<hw>airsick</hw> \K/"E:sIk/\k \Iadj.\i \IMed Aeron\i affected with nausea due to travel in an aircraft. \Bairsickness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>airside</hw> \K/"E:sVId/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAeron.\i the side of an airport terminal from which aircraft can be observed; the area beyond passport and customs control (opp. \J\Xlandside\x).\j\Knew word in COD9 f. News, CED Jul 93\k
<hw>airspace</hw> \K/"E:speIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAeron\i the air available to aircraft to fly in, esp. the part subject to the jurisdiction of a particular country.
<hw>air speed</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAeron\i the speed of an aircraft relative to the air through which it is moving.
<hw>airstream</hw> \K/"E:stri:m/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a current of air.\p\B2\b = \J\Xairflow\x.\j\Knew f. OED, corpus Aug 94\k
<hw>airstrip</hw> \K/"E:strIp/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAeron\i a strip of ground suitable for the take-off and landing of aircraft.
<hw>air terminal</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAeron\i\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b an airline office in a town to which passengers report and which serves as a base for transport to and from an airport.\p\B2\b = \J\Xterminal\x\p\In.\i\p3.\j
<hw>airtight</hw> \K/"E:tVIt/\k \Iadj.\i not allowing air to pass through.
<hw>airtime</hw> \K/"E:tVIm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBroadcasting\i time allotted for a broadcast.
<hw>air-to-air</hw> \Iattrib.adj.\i \IAeron Ballistics\i from one aircraft to another in flight \3(air-to-air refuelling;\c \2air-to-air missile).\c
<hw>air traffic control</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAeron\i the control of air traffic by giving radio instructions to pilots concerning route, altitude, take-off, and landing. \Bair traffic controller\b\p\In.\i\p\Kair traffic control new in COD9 f. corpus, DJT Jul 93\k
<hw>Air Vice-Marshal</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAeron\i an RAF officer of high rank, just below Air Marshal.
<hw>airwaves</hw> \K/"E:weIvz/\k \In.pl.\i \IRadio Broadcasting\i radio waves used in broadcasting.\Kspelling changed to one word in accordance with News, NSOED Jul 93\k
<hw>airway</hw> \K/"E:weI/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMed\i a natural or artificial passage by which air reaches the lungs.\Ksense 1 new f. F. Abate, NSOED Apr 94\k\p\B2\b \IAeron\i \Ba\b a recognized route followed by aircraft. \Bb\b \I(often in \Bpl.)\b\i = \J\Xairline\x 1.\j\p\B3\b \IMining\i a ventilating passage in a mine.
<hw>airwoman</hw> \K/"E:wUm\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-women)\b \IAeron\i\p\B1\b a woman pilot or member of the crew of an aircraft, esp. in an air force.\p\B2\b a female member of the RAF below commissioned rank.
<hw>airworthy</hw> \K/"E:w\F'\n:Di/\k \Iadj.\i \IAeron\i (of an aircraft) fit to fly. \Bairworthiness\b\p\In.\i\p\K-iness new f. corpus, SOED Dec 93\k
<hw>aisle</hw> \K/VIl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i\p\B1\b part of a church, esp. one parallel to and divided by pillars from the nave, choir, or transept.\p\B2\b \Ba\b a passage between rows of pews, seats, etc. \Bb\b a passage between cabinets and shelves of goods in a supermarket etc.\Ksense 2b new f. SOED, incomings April 94\k \Baisled\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English \Iele,\i \Iile\i via Old French \Iele\i from Latin \Iala\i 'wing': spelling influenced by confusion with \Iisle\i and French \Iaile\i 'wing'\c
<hw>ait</hw> \K/eIt/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Beyot)\b \BBrit.\b \IGeog\i a small island, esp. in a river. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iiggath\i etc., from \Iieg\i \J\Xisland\x\j + diminutive suffix\c
<hw>aitch</hw> \K/eItS/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILinguistics\i the name of the letter H.\p\1drop one's aitches\c fail to pronounce the initial \Ih\i in words. \BEtymology:\b \3Old French \Iache\i\c
<hw>aitchbone</hw> \K/"eItSb\F'\nUn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnat\i\p\B1\b the buttock or rump bone of cattle.\p\B2\b a cut of beef lying over this. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English \Inage-,\i \Inache-bone\i 'buttock', ultimately from Latin \Inatis,\i \I-es\i 'buttock(s)': for loss of \In\i cf. \J\Xadder\x\j\c
<hw>ajar (1)</hw> \K/\F'\n"dZA:/\k \Iadv. & predic.adj.\i (of a door) slightly open. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xa\x (2)\j + obsolete \Ichar\i from Old English \Icerr\i 'a turn'\c
<hw>ajar (2)</hw> \K/\F'\n"dZA:/\k \Iadv.\i out of harmony. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xa\x (2)\j + \J\Xjar\x (2)\j\c
<hw>AK</hw> \Iabbr.\i \BUS\b \IGeog\i Alaska (in official postal use).
<hw>aka</hw> \Iabbr.\i also known as.
<hw>akee</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xackee\x.\j
<hw>Akela</hw> \K/A:"keIl\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IScouting\i \Icolloq.\i the adult leader of a group of Cub Scouts, officially termed Cub Scout Leader. \BEtymology:\b \3name of the leader of a wolf pack in Kipling's \IJungle Book\i (1894-5)\c
<hw>akimbo</hw> \K/\F'\n"kImb\F'\nU/\k \Iadv.\i (of the arms) with hands on the hips and elbows turned outwards. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English \Iin kenebowe,\i probably from Old Norse\c
<hw>akin</hw> \K/\F'\n"kIn/\k \Ipredic.adj.\i\p\B1\b \IGenealogy\i related by blood.\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i of similar or kindred character. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xa-\x (4)\j + \J\Xkin\x\j\c
<hw>Akkadian</hw> \K/\F'\n"keIdI\F'\nn/\k \Iadj. & n.\i (also \BAccadian)\b \Ihist.\i \Iadj.\i of or relating to Akkad in ancient Babylonia or its language.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ILanguage\i the Semitic language of Akkad.\p\B2\b \IPeople\i an inhabitant of Akkad.
<hw>akvavit</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xaquavit\x.\j
<hw>AL</hw> \Iabbr.\i \BUS\b \IGeog\i Alabama (in official postal use).
<hw>Al</hw> \Isymb.\i \IChem.\i the element aluminium.
<hw>al-</hw> \K/al/\k \Iprefix\i \Iassim. form of\i \J\Xad-\x\j before \I-l.\i
<hw>-al</hw> \K/\F'\nl/\k \Isuffix\i\p\B1\b forming adjectives meaning 'relating to, of the kind of': \Ba\b from Latin or Greek words \3(central;\c \2regimental;\c \2colossal;\c \2tropical)\c \I(cf.\i \J\X-ial\x,\j \J\X-ical\x).\j \Bb\b from English nouns \3(tidal).\c\p\B2\b forming nouns, esp. of verbal action \3(animal;\c \2rival;\c \2arrival;\c \2proposal;\c \2trial).\c \BEtymology:\b \3sense 1 from French \I-el\i or Latin \I-alis,\i adjectival suffix related to \I-aris\i \J(\X-ar\x (1));\j sense 2 from French \I-aille\i or from (or influenced by) Latin \I-alis\i used as a noun\c
<hw>Ala.</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IGeog\i Alabama.
\B\Iα la\b\i \K/A: lA:/, French /a la/\k \Iprep.\i \I\Iesp.\i Cookery\i after the manner of \3(α la russe).\c \BEtymology:\b \3French, from \J\Xα la mode\x\j\c
<hw>alabaster</hw> \K/"al\F'\nbA:st\F'\n/, /-bast\F'\n/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\IMineral\i a translucent usu. white form of gypsum, often carved into ornaments. \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of alabaster.\p\B2\b like alabaster in whiteness or smoothness. \Balabastrine\b \K/-"bA:strIn/, /-"bastrIn/, /-VIn/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ialabastre\i from Latin \Ialabaster,\i \I-trum,\i from Greek \Ialabast(r)os\i\c
<hw>α la carte</hw> \K/A: lA: "kA:t/\k \Iadv. & adj.\i \ICookery\i ordered as separately priced item(s) from a menu, not as part of a set meal. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = according to the card (menu)\c
<hw>alack</hw> \K/\F'\n"lak/\k \Iint.\i (also \Balack-a-day)\b \Iarchaic\i an expression of regret or surprise. \BEtymology:\b \3probably from \J\Xah\x\j + \J\Xlack\x\j\c
<hw>alacrity</hw> \K/\F'\n"lakrIti/\k\p\In.\i\pbriskness or cheerful readiness. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ialacritas,\i from \Ialacer\i 'brisk'\c
<hw>Aladdin's cave</hw> \K/\F'\n"ladInz/\k\p\In.\i\pa place of great riches. \BEtymology:\b \3\IAladdin\i in the \IArabian Nights' Entertainments,\i a collection of oriental folk tales\c
<hw>Aladdin's lamp</hw> \K/\F'\n"ladInz/\k\p\In.\i\pa talisman enabling its holder to gratify any wish.
<hw>α la mode</hw> \K/A: lA: "m\F'\nUd/\k \Iadv. & adj.\i\p\B1\b in fashion; fashionable.\p\B2\b \ICookery\i \Ba\b (of beef) braised in wine. \Bb\b \BN. Amer.\b served with ice cream. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = in the fashion\c
<hw>alanine</hw> \K/"al\F'\nni:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiochem.\i a hydrophobic amino acid present in proteins.\Knew f. Collins, NSOED Mar 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3German \IAlanin\i\c
<hw>Alar</hw> \K/"eIlA:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IHort.\i \Ipropr.\i a growth retardant sprayed on fruit and vegetables to enhance the quality of the crop.\Knew word in COD9 f. incomings, SOED Jul 93\k \BEtymology:\b \320th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>alar</hw> \K/"eIl\F'\n/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b relating to wings.\p\B2\b winglike or wing-shaped.\p\B3\b \IAnat Bot\i axillary. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ialaris,\i from \Iala\i 'wing'\c
<hw>alarm</hw> \K/\F'\n"lA:m/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a warning of danger etc. \3(gave the alarm).\c\p\B2\b \Ba\b a warning sound or device \3(the burglar alarm was set off accidentally).\c \Bb\b \IHorol.\i = \J\Xalarm clock\x.\j\p\B3\b frightened expectation of danger or difficulty \3(were filled with alarm).\c \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b frighten or disturb.\p\B2\b arouse to a sense of danger. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ialarme\i from Italian \Iallarme,\i from \Iall\i'\Iarme!\i 'to arms'\c
<hw>alarm clock</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IHorol.\i a clock with a device that can be made to sound at the time set in advance.
<hw>alarmist</hw> \K/\F'\n"lA:mIst/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\pa person given to spreading needless alarm. \Iadj.\i creating needless alarm. \Balarmism\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>alarum</hw> \K/\F'\n"lA:r\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\Iarchaic\i = \J\Xalarm\x.\j\p\1alarums and excursions\c \Ijoc.\i confused noise and bustle.
<hw>Alas.</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IGeog\i Alaska.
<hw>alas</hw> \K/\F'\n"las/, /\F'\n"lA:s/\k \Iint.\i an expression of grief, pity, or concern. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ia las(se),\i from \Ia\i 'ah' + \Ilas(se)\i from Latin \Ilassus\i 'weary'\c
<hw>alate</hw> \K/"eIleIt/\k \Iadj.\i \IZool Bot.\i having wings or winglike appendages. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ialatus,\i from \Iala\i 'wing'\c
<hw>alb</hw> \K/alb/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i a white vestment reaching to the feet, worn by clergy and servers in some Christian Churches. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ialbe\i from ecclesiastical Latin \Ialba,\i fem. of Latin \Ialbus\i 'white'\c
<hw>albacore</hw> \K/"alb\F'\nkO:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i\p\B1\b a long-finned tunny, Thunnus alalunga; \Ialso called\i \Igermon.\i\p\B2\b any of various other related fish. \BEtymology:\b \3Portuguese \Ialbacor,\i \I-cora,\i from Arabic \Ial\i 'the' + \Ibakr\i 'young camel' or \Ibakur\i 'premature, precocious'\c
<hw>Albanian</hw> \K/al"beInI\F'\nn/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\IPeople\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a native or national of Albania in SE Europe. \Bb\b a person of Albanian descent.\p\B2\b \ILanguage\i the language of Albania. \Iadj.\i of or relating to Albania, its people, or its language.
<hw>albatross</hw> \K/"alb\F'\ntrQs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b any long-winged stout-bodied bird of the family Diomedeidae related to petrels, inhabiting the Pacific and Southern Oceans. \Bb\b a source of frustration or guilt; an encumbrance (in allusion to Coleridge's \IThe Rime of the Ancient Mariner).\i\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b \IGolf\i a score of three strokes under par at any hole. \BEtymology:\b \3alteration (influenced by Latin \Ialbus\i 'white') of 17th-c. \Ialcatras,\i applied to various seabirds including the pelican, from Spanish and Portuguese \Ialcatraz,\i from Arabic \Ialkadus\i 'the pitcher' (probably from the belief that the pelican carried water in its bill)\c
<hw>albedo</hw> \K/al"bi:d\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b \IPhysics\i the proportion of light or radiation reflected by a surface, esp. of a planet or moon. \BEtymology:\b \3ecclesiastical Latin, = whiteness, from Latin \Ialbus\i 'white'\c
<hw>albeit</hw> \K/O:l"bi:It/\k \Iconj.\i though \3(he tried, albeit without success).\c \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xall\x \Iadv.\i\j + \J\Xbe\x\j + \J\Xit\x (1)\j \Ipron.,\i = although it be (that)\c
<hw>albert</hw> \K/"alb\F'\nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IFashion\i a watch-chain with a bar at one end for attaching to a buttonhole. \BEtymology:\b \3named after Prince \IAlbert,\i consort of Queen Victoria, d. 1861\c
<hw>albescent</hw> \K/al"bEs(\F'\n)nt/\k \Iadj.\i growing or shading into white. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ialbescere albescent-,\i from \Ialbus\i 'white'\c
<hw>Albigenses</hw> \K/albI"gEnsi:z/, /-"dZEn-/\k \In.pl.\i \IRelig\i the members of a heretic sect in southern France in the 12th-13th c. \BAlbigensian\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, from \IAlbi\i in S. France\c
<hw>albino</hw> \K/al"bi:n\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b \IBiol\i\p\B1\b a person or animal having a congenital absence of pigment in the skin and hair (which are white), and the eyes (which are usu. pink).\p\B2\b a plant lacking normal colouring. \Balbinism\b \K/"albInIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\Balbinotic\b \K/albI"nQtIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish & Portuguese (originally of albinos among African blacks), from Latin \Ialbo\i from \Ialbus\i 'white' + \I-ino\i = \J\X-ine\x (1)\j\c
<hw>Albion</hw> \K/"albI\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bperfidious Albion)\b Britain or England. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English via Latin from Celtic, probably related to Latin \Ialbus\i 'white', with reference to the white cliffs of Dover: French \Ila perfide Albion\i with reference to alleged treachery to other nations\c
<hw>albite</hw> \K/"albVIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMineral.\i a feldspar, usu. white, rich in sodium. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ialbus\i 'white' + \J\X-ite\x (1)\j\c
<hw>album</hw> \K/"alb\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a blank book for the insertion of photographs, stamps, etc.\p\B2\b \Ba\b a long-playing gramophone record. \Bb\b a set of recordings issued together. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = a blank tablet, neut. of \Ialbus\i 'white'\c
<hw>albumen</hw> \K/"albjUmIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBiol\i egg white.\p\B2\b \IBot.\i the substance found between the skin and germ of many seeds, usu. the edible part; = \J\Xendosperm\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ialbumen -minis\i 'white of egg', from \Ialbus\i 'white'\c
<hw>albumin</hw> \K/"albjUmIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiochem\i any of a class of water-soluble proteins found in egg white, milk, blood, etc. \Balbuminous\b \K/al"bju:mIn\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ialbumine\i from Latin \Ialbumin-:\i see \J\Xalbumen\x\j\c
<hw>albuminuria</hw> \K/%albjUmI"njU\F'\nrI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i the presence of albumin in the urine, usu. a symptom of kidney disease.
<hw>alburnum</hw> \K/al"b\F'\n:n\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i = \J\Xsapwood\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, from \Ialbus\i 'white'\c
<hw>alcahest</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xalkahest\x.\j
<hw>alcaic</hw> \K/al"keIIk/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IProsody\i \Iadj.\i of the verse metre invented by Alcaeus, lyric poet of Mytilene \Ic\i600 bc, occurring in four-line stanzas.\p\In.\i\p\I(in \Bpl.)\b\i alcaic verses. \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Ialcaicus\i from Greek \Ialkaikos,\i from \IAlkaios\i 'Alcaeus'\c
<hw>alcalde</hw> \K/al"kaldi/\k\p\In.\i\pa magistrate or mayor in a Spanish, Portuguese, or Latin American town. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish from Arabic \Ial-kadi\i 'the judge': see \J\Xcadi\x\j\c
<hw>alchemy</hw> \K/"alkImi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IChem\i\p\B1\b the medieval forerunner of chemistry, esp. seeking to turn base metals into gold or silver.\p\B2\b a miraculous transformation or the means of achieving this. \Balchemic\b \K/al"kEmIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Balchemical\b \K/al"kEmIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Balchemist\b\p\In.\i\p\Balchemize\b \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise).\b \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ialkemie,\i \Ialkamie\i and medieval Latin \Ialchimia,\i \I-emia\i from Arabic \Ialkimiya\i', from \Ial\i 'the' + \Ikimiya\i' from Greek \Ikhemia,\i \I-meia\i 'art of transmuting metals'\c
<hw>alcheringa</hw> \K/altS\F'\n"rINg\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnthropol\i (in the mythology of some Australian Aboriginals) the 'golden age' when the first ancestors were created. \BEtymology:\b \3Aranda \Ialjerre-nge\i 'in the dreamtime'\c
<hw>alcid</hw> \K/"alsId/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a bird of the auk family, Alcidae.\Knew. f. NSOED Apr 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \IAlcidae\i from genus name \IAlca:\i cf. \J\Xauk\x\j\c
<hw>alcohol</hw> \K/"alk\F'\nhQl/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b (in full \Bethyl alcohol)\b a colourless volatile inflammable liquid forming the intoxicating element in wine, beer, spirits, etc., and also used as a solvent, as fuel, etc.; \Ialso called\i \Iethanol.\i Chem. formula: C2H5OH.\Kformula\k\p\B2\b \IDrink\i drink containing this \3(had always enjoyed food and alcohol).\c\p\B3\b \IChem.\i any of a large class of organic compounds that contain one or more hydroxyl groups attached to carbon atoms. \BEtymology:\b \3earlier applied to powders, specifically kohl, and esp. those obtained by sublimation; hence, a distilled or rectified spirit: French or medieval Latin from Arabic \Ial-kuhl,\i from \Ial\i 'the' + \Ikuhl\i \J\Xkohl\x\j\c
<hw>alcohol-free</hw> \Iadj.\i \IDrink\i\p\B1\b not containing alcohol.\p\B2\b where, or during which, alcoholic drinks are not consumed.\Knew f. corpus, DJT Jul 93\k
<hw>alcoholic</hw> \K/alk\F'\n"hQlIk/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IDrink\i \Iadj.\i of, relating to, containing, or caused by alcohol.\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a person suffering from alcoholism.
<hw>alcoholism</hw> \K/"alk\F'\nhQlIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IDrink\i an addiction to the consumption of alcoholic liquor.\p\B2\b \IMed\i the diseased condition resulting from this. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \Ialcoholismus\i (as \J\Xalcohol\x)\j\c
<hw>alcoholometer</hw> \K/alk\F'\nhQ"lQmIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i an instrument for measuring alcoholic concentration. \Balcoholometry\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>alcove</hw> \K/"alk\F'\nUv/\k\p\In.\i\pa recess, esp. in the wall of a room or of a garden. \BEtymology:\b \3French via Spanish \Ialcoba\i from Arabic \Ial-kubba,\i from \Ial\i 'the' + \Ikubba\i 'vault'\c
<hw>aldehyde</hw> \K/"aldIhVId/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i any of a class of compounds formed by the oxidation of alcohols (and containing the group -CHO). \Baldehydic\b \K/aldI"hIdIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation of modern Latin \Ialcohol dehydrogenatum\i 'alcohol deprived of hydrogen'\c
<hw>al dente</hw> \K/al "dEnti/\k \Iadj. & adv.\i \ICookery\i (of pasta etc.) (cooked) so as to be still firm when bitten. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian, literally 'to the tooth'\c
<hw>alder</hw> \K/"O:ld\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b (also \Balder tree)\b \IBot\i a tree of the genus \IAlnus,\i related to the birch, bearing catkins and toothed leaves, esp. A. glutinosa, common in damp ground.\p\B2\b the wood of this tree. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ialor,\i \Ialer,\i related to Latin \Ialnus,\i with euphonic \Id\i\c
<hw>alder buckthorn</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a shrub, Frangula alnus, related to the buckthorn.
<hw>alder fly</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a neuropterous insect of the genus \ISialis,\i found near streams.\Knew f. Collins, NSOED Mar 94\k
<hw>alderman</hw> \K/"O:ld\F'\nm\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-men)\b \IPolit\i\p\B1\b \Iesp. hist.\i a co-opted member of an English county or borough council, next in dignity to the Mayor.\p\B2\b \I(fem.\i \Balderwoman,\b \Ipl.\i \B-women)\b \BN. Amer.\b & \BAustral.\b an elected member of a city council. \Baldermanic\b \K/-"manIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Baldermanship\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ialdor\i 'patriarch', from \Iald\i 'old' + \J\Xman\x\j\c
<hw>alderperson</hw> \K/"O:ld\F'\np\F'\n:s(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b \IPolit\i an alderman or alderwoman (used as a neutral alternative).\Knew f. incomings, kpb Sep 94\k
<hw>Aldis lamp</hw> \K/"O:ldIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\Ipropr.\i a hand-held lamp for signalling in Morse code. \BEtymology:\b \3A. C. W. \IAldis\i d. 1953, its inventor\c
<hw>aldosterone</hw> \K/al"dQst\F'\nr\F'\nUn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysiol.\i a corticosteroid hormone which stimulates absorption of sodium by the kidneys and so regulates water and salt balance.\Knew f. NSOED Mar. 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xaldehyde\x\j + \J\Xsteroid\x\j + \J\X-one\x\j\c
<hw>aldrin</hw> \K/"O:ldrIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i a white crystalline chlorinated hydrocarbon formerly used as an insecticide. \BEtymology:\b \3K. \IAlder,\i German chemist d. 1958 + \J\X-in\x\j\c
<hw>ale</hw> \K/eIl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IDrink\i\p\B1\b \Besp. Brit.\b beer (now usu. as a trade word).\p\B2\b \BN. Amer.\b a type of beer fermented rapidly at high temperatures.\Ksense 2 new f. kpb Sep 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ialu,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>aleatoric</hw> \K/eIlI\F'\n"tQrIk/, /al-/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b depending on the throw of a die or on chance.\p\B2\b \IMus.\i & \IArt\i involving random choice by a performer or artist. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ialeatorius aleator\i 'dice-player', from \Ialea\i 'die'\c
<hw>alec</hw> \K/"alIk/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Baleck)\b \BAustral.\b \Islang\i a stupid person. \BEtymology:\b \3shortening of \J\Xsmart alec\x\j\c
<hw>alee</hw> \K/\F'\n"li:/\k \Iadv. & predic.adj.\i \INaut\i\p\B1\b on the lee or sheltered side of a ship.\p\B2\b to leeward. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, from \J\Xa\x (2)\j + \J\Xlee\x\j\c
<hw>alehouse</hw> \K/"eIlhaUs/\k\p\In.\i\p\Ihist.\i a tavern.
<hw>alembic</hw> \K/\F'\n"lEmbIk/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ihist.\i \IChem\i an apparatus formerly used in distilling.\p\B2\b a means of refining or extracting. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French and medieval Latin \Ialembicus\i from Arabic \Ial-\i'\Ianbik,\i from \Ial\i 'the' + '\Ianbik\i 'still', from Greek \Iambix,\i \I-ikos\i 'cup, cap of a still'\c
<hw>aleph</hw> \K/"A:lEf/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILinguistics\i the first letter of the Hebrew alphabet. \BEtymology:\b \3Hebrew '\Ialep,\i literally 'ox'\c
<hw>alert</hw> \K/\F'\n"l\F'\n:t/\k \Iadj., n., & v.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b watchful or vigilant; ready to take action.\p\B2\b nimble (esp. of mental faculties); attentive.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a warning call or alarm.\p\B2\b \Ba\b a warning of an air raid. \Bb\b the duration of this. \Iv.tr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i make alert; warn \3(were alerted to the danger).\c\p\1on the alert\c on the lookout against danger or attack. \Balertly\b \Iadv.\i \Balertness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Ialerte\i from Italian \Iall\i' \Ierta\i 'to the watchtower'\c
<hw>-ales</hw> \K/"eIli:z/\k \Isuffix\i \IBot\i forming the plural names of orders of plants \3(Rosales).\c \BEtymology:\b \3pl. of Latin adjectival suffix \I-alis:\i see \J\X-al\x\j\c
<hw>aleurone</hw> \K/\F'\n"ljU\F'\nr\F'\nUn/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Baleuron\b \K/-r\F'\nn/\k) \IBiochem.\i protein stored as granules in the seeds of plants etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ialeuron\i 'flour'\c
<hw>alewife</hw> \K/"eIlwVIf/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Balewives)\b \IZool\i a fish of the NW Atlantic, Alosa pseudoharengus, related to the herring. \BEtymology:\b \317th-c.: origin uncertain\c
<hw>alexanders</hw> \K/alIg"zA:nd\F'\nz/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i an umbelliferous plant, Smyrnium olusatrum, formerly used in salads but superseded by celery. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English, from medieval Latin \Ialexandrum\i\c
<hw>Alexander technique</hw> \K/alIg"zA:nd\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pa system of body awareness designed to promote well-being by ensuring minimum effort in maintaining postures and carrying out movements. \BEtymology:\b \3F. M. \IAlexander,\i Australian-born physiotherapist d. 1955\c
<hw>Alexandrian</hw> \K/alIg"zA:ndrI\F'\nn/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of or characteristic of Alexandria in Egypt.\p\B2\b \Ba\b belonging to or akin to the schools of literature and philosophy of Alexandria. \Bb\b (of a writer) derivative or imitative; fond of recondite learning.
<hw>alexandrine</hw> \K/alIg"zA:ndrIn/, /-VIn/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IProsody\i \Iadj.\i (of a line of verse) having six iambic feet.\p\In.\i\pan alexandrine line. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ialexandrin,\i from \IAlexandre\i = Alexander the Great, the subject of an Old French poem in this metre\c
<hw>alexandrite</hw> \K/alIg"zA:ndrVIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMineral.\i a green variety of chrysoberyl, originally found in the Ural Mountains. \BEtymology:\b \3named after Tsar \IAlexander\i I of Russia: see \J\X-ite\x (1)\j\c
<hw>alexia</hw> \K/\F'\n"lEksI\F'\n/, /eI-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i the inability to see words or to read, caused by a defect of the brain. \ICf.\i \J\Xdyslexia\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin, \J\Xa-\x (1)\j + Greek \Ilexis\i 'speech' from \Ilegein\i 'speak', confused with Latin \Ilegere\i 'read'\c
<hw>alfalfa</hw> \K/al"falf\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a leguminous plant, Medicago sativa, with clover-like leaves and flowers, grown for fodder and as a salad vegetable. \IAlso called\i \J\Xlucerne\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish, from Arabic \Ial-fasfasa,\i a green fodder\c
<hw>alfresco</hw> \K/al"frEsk\F'\nU/\k \Iadv. & adj.\i in the open air \3(we lunched alfresco;\c \2an alfresco lunch).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Italian \Ial fresco\i 'in the fresh (air)'\c
<hw>alga</hw> \K/"alg\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Balgae\b \K/"aldZi:/, /"algi:/\k) \IBot\i \I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i a non-flowering stemless usu. aquatic plant, esp. a seaweed or a single-celled plant. \Balgal\b \Iadj.\i\Kalgoid omitted: not in SOED Jul 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Latin\c
<hw>algebra</hw> \K/"aldZIbr\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMath\i\p\B1\b the branch of mathematics that uses letters and other general symbols to represent numbers and quantities in formulae and equations.\p\B2\b a system of this based on given axioms \3(linear algebra;\c \2the algebra of logic).\c \Balgebraic\b \K/aldZI"breIIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Balgebraical\b \K/aldZI"breIIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Balgebraically\b \K/aldZI"breIIk(\F'\n)li/\k \Iadv.\i \Balgebraist\b \K/aldZI"breIIst/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Italian, Spanish, and medieval Latin, from Arabic \Ial-jabr\i from \Ial\i 'the' + \Ijabr\i 'reunion of broken parts' from \Ijabara\i 'reunite'\c
<hw>-algia</hw> \K/"aldZ\F'\n/\k \Icomb. form\i \IMed.\i denoting pain in a part specified by the first element \3(neuralgia).\c \B-algic\b \Icomb. form\i forming adjectives. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek from \Ialgos\i 'pain'\c
<hw>algicide</hw> \K/"aldZIsVId/, /"algI-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i a preparation for destroying algae.
<hw>alginate</hw> \K/"aldZIneIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i a salt or ester of alginic acid, e.g. the sodium salt, used as a thickener. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xalga\x\j + \J\X-in\x\j + \J\X-ate\x (1)\j\c
<hw>alginic acid</hw> \K/al"dZInIk/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiochem\i \IChem.\i an insoluble carbohydrate found (chiefly as salts) in many brown seaweeds. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xalga\x\j + \J\X-in\x\j + \J\X-ic\x\j\c
<hw>Algol</hw> \K/"algQl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IComputing\i a high-level computer programming language. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xalgorithmic\x\j (see \J\Xalgorithm\x)\j + \J\Xlanguage\x\j\c
<hw>algolagnia</hw> \K/alg\F'\nU"lagnI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPsychol\i sexual pleasure derived from inflicting pain on oneself or others; masochism or sadism. \Balgolagnic\b \Iadj. & n.\i \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from German \IAlgolagnie,\i from Greek \Ialgos\i 'pain' + \Ilagneia\i 'lust'\c
<hw>algology</hw> \K/\F'\nl"gQl\F'\ndZi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i the study of algae. \Balgological\b \K/-"lQdZIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Balgologist\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>Algonquian</hw> \K/al"gQNkwI\F'\nn/, /-kI-/\k \In. & adj.\i (also \BAlgonkian\b \K/-kI\F'\nn/\k) \IAnthropol\i\p\In.\i\p\IPeople\i\p\B1\b a member of any of a large group of scattered N. American Indian peoples.\p\B2\b \ILanguage\i any of the family of languages used by them, including Cree and Ojibwa. \Iadj.\i of or relating to these peoples or their languages. \BEtymology:\b \3\IAlgonquin,\i N. American tribal name, + \J\X-ian\x\j\c
<hw>Algonquin</hw> \K/al"gQNkwIn/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPeople\i a member of a N. American Indian people living in Canada along the Ottawa River and its tributaries.\p\B2\b \ILanguage\i the dialect of Ojibwa spoken by this people.\p\B3\b = \J\XAlgonquian\x\p\In.\i\p1, 2.\j \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of or relating to the Algonquins or their language.\p\B2\b = \J\XAlgonquian\x \Iadj.\i\j\Knew f. ACOD, OERD Aug 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3French from an Algonquian word meaning 'at the place of spearing fish and eels'\c The use of \IAlgonquin\i to refer to the Algonquian peoples or their languages (sense 3 above) is widespread but strictly incorrect.
<hw>algorithm</hw> \K/"alg\F'\nrID(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMath.\i a process or set of rules used for calculation or problem-solving, esp. with a computer.\p\B2\b \Ihist.\i the Arabic or decimal notation of numbers.\Kalgorism omitted f. COD9 Oct 93\k \Balgorithmic\b \K/-"rIDmIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Balgorithmically\b \K/-"rIDmIk(\F'\n)li/\k \Iadv.\i\K-ically new f. corpus Dec 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English \Ialgorism,\i ultimately from Arabic \Ial-Kuwarizmi,\i the cognomen of a 9th-c. mathematician: \Ialgorithm\i influenced by Greek \Iarithmos\i 'number' (cf. French \Ialgorithme)\i\c
<hw>alguacil</hw> \K/algw\F'\n"sIl/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Balguazil\b \K/algw\F'\n"zIl/\k)\p\B1\b \IBullfighting\i a mounted official at a bullfight.\p\B2\b \ICriminol\i a constable or an officer of justice in Spain or Spanish-speaking countries. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish, from Arabic \Ial-wazir\i from \Ial\i 'the' + \Iwazir:\i see \J\Xvizier\x\j\c
<hw>alias</hw> \K/"eIlI\F'\ns/\k \Iadv. & n.\i \Iadv.\i also named or known as.\p\In.\i\pa false or assumed name. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = at another time, otherwise\c
<hw>alibi</hw> \K/"alIbVI/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Balibis)\b\p\B1\b a claim, or the evidence supporting it, that when an alleged act took place one was elsewhere.\p\B2\b \Idisp.\i an excuse of any kind; a pretext or justification.\p\Iv.\i\p\B(alibis,\b \Balibied,\b \Balibiing)\b \Icolloq.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i provide an alibi or offer an excuse for (a person).\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i provide an alibi. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = elsewhere\c The use of the noun \Ialibi\i in sense 2, meaning 'an excuse', is informal and to some people unacceptable.
<hw>alicyclic</hw> \K/alI"sVIklIk/, /-"sIk-/\k \Iadj.\i \IChem.\i of, denoting, or relating to organic compounds combining a cyclic structure with aliphatic properties, e.g. cyclohexane. \BEtymology:\b \3German \Ialicyclisch\i (as \J\Xaliphatic\x,\j \J\Xcyclic\x)\j\c
<hw>alidade</hw> \K/"alIdeId/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISurveying\i & \IAstron.\i a sighting device or pointer for determining directions or measuring angles. \BEtymology:\b \3French via medieval Latin from Arabic \Ial-\i'\Iidada\i 'the revolving radius', from '\Iadud\i 'upper arm'\c
<hw>alien</hw> \K/"eIlI\F'\nn/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i unfamiliar; not in accordance or harmony; unfriendly, hostile; unacceptable or repugnant \3(army discipline was alien to him;\c \2struck an alien note).\c \Bb\b \I(often foll. by \Bfrom)\b\i different or separated.\p\B2\b foreign; from a foreign country \3(help from alien powers).\c\p\B3\b of or relating to beings supposedly from other worlds; extraterrestrial.\p\B4\b \IBot.\i (of a plant or animal species) introduced from elsewhere and naturalized.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPolit\i a foreigner, esp. one who is not a naturalized citizen of the country where he or she is living.\p\B2\b a being from another world.\p\B3\b an alien plant or animal species. \Balienness\b \K/"eIlI\F'\nnnIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Ialienus\i 'belonging to another', from \Ialius\i 'other'\c
<hw>alienable</hw> \K/"eIlI\F'\nn\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \ILaw\i able to be transferred to new ownership. \Balienability\b \K/-"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>alienage</hw> \K/"eIlI\F'\nnIdZ/\k\p\In.\i\pthe state or condition of being an alien.
<hw>alienate</hw> \K/"eIlI\F'\nneIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b cause (a person) to become unfriendly or hostile. \Bb\b \I(often foll. by \Bfrom)\b\i cause (a person) to feel isolated or estranged from (friends, society, etc.).\p\B2\b transfer ownership of (property) to another person etc. \Balienator\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Ialienare alienat-\i (as \J\Xalien\x)\j\c
<hw>alienation</hw> \K/eIlI\F'\n"neIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or result of alienating.\p\B2\b (in full \Balienation effect)\b \ITheatr.\i a dramatic effect whereby an audience remains objective, not identifying with the characters or action of a play. \BEtymology:\b \3in sense 2 a translation of German \IVerfremdungseffekt\i\c
<hw>alienist</hw> \K/"eIlI\F'\nnIst/\k\p\In.\i\p\BUS\b \IPsychol Law\i a psychiatrist, esp. a legal adviser on psychiatric problems. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IaliΘniste\i (as \J\Xalien\x)\j\c
<hw>aliform</hw> \K/"eIlIfO:m/\k \Iadj.\i wing-shaped. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \Ialiformis,\i from Latin \Iala\i 'wing': see \J\X-form\x\j\c
<hw>alight (1)</hw> \K/\F'\n"lVIt/\k \Iv.intr.\i \B(alighted)\b\p\B1\b \Besp. Brit.\b \Ba\b \I(often foll. by \Bfrom)\b\i descend from a vehicle. \Bb\b dismount from a horse.\p\B2\b descend and settle; come to earth from the air.\p\B3\b \I(foll. by \Bon)\b\i find by chance; notice. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ialihtan\i (as \J\Xa-\x (2),\j \Ilihtan\i \J\Xlight\x (2)\p\Iv.\i\p)\j\c
<hw>alight (2)</hw> \K/\F'\n"lVIt/\k \Iadv. & predic.adj.\i\p\B1\b on fire; burning \3(they set the old shed alight;\c \2is the fire still alight?).\c\p\B2\b lit up; excited \3(eyes alight with expectation).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, probably from the phrase \Ion a light\i (= lighted) \Ifire\i\c
<hw>align</hw> \K/\F'\n"lVIn/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b put in a straight line or bring into line \3(three books were neatly aligned on the shelf).\c\p\B2\b \Iesp. Polit.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bwith)\b\i bring (oneself etc.) into agreement or alliance with (a cause, policy, political party, etc.). \Balignment\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Ialigner\i from the phrase \Iα ligne\i 'into line': see \J\Xline\x (1)\j\c
<hw>alike</hw> \K/\F'\n"lVIk/\k \Iadj. & adv.\i \Iadj.\i \I(usu. \Bpredic.)\b\i similar, like one another; indistinguishable. \Iadv.\i in a similar way or manner \3(all were treated alike).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Igelic\i and Old Norse \Iglφkr\i \J(\Xlike\x (1))\j\c
<hw>aliment</hw> \K/"alIm(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\Iformal\i\p\B1\b food.\p\B2\b support or mental sustenance. \Balimental\b \K/-"mEnt(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from French \Ialiment\i or Latin \Ialimentum,\i from \Ialere\i 'nourish'\c
<hw>alimentary</hw> \K/alI"mEnt(\F'\n)ri/\k \Iadj.\i of, relating to, or providing nourishment or sustenance. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ialimentarius\i (as \J\Xaliment\x)\j\c
<hw>alimentary canal</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAnat.\i the whole passage along which food passes through the body from mouth to anus during digestion.
<hw>alimentation</hw> \K/%alIm(\F'\n)n"teIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b nourishment; feeding.\p\B2\b maintenance, support; supplying with the necessities of life. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ialimentation\i or medieval Latin \Ialimentatio,\i from \Ialimentare\i (as \J\Xaliment\x)\j\c
<hw>alimony</hw> \K/"alIm\F'\nni/\k\p\In.\i\p\Besp. US\b \ILaw\i money payable by a man to his wife or former wife or by a woman to her husband or former husband after they are separated or divorced (in UK use now replaced by \Imaintenance).\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ialimonia\i 'nutriment', from \Ialere\i 'nourish'\c
<hw>A-line</hw> \K/"eIlVIn/\k \Iadj.\i \IFashion\i (of a garment) having a narrow waist or shoulders and a slightly flared skirt.
<hw>aliphatic</hw> \K/alI"fatIk/\k \Iadj.\i \IChem.\i of, denoting, or relating to organic compounds in which carbon atoms form open chains, not aromatic rings. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ialeiphar -atos\i 'fat'\c
<hw>aliquot</hw> \K/"alIkwQt/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i \IMath.\i (of a part or portion) contained by the whole an integral or whole number of times \3(4 is an aliquot part of 12).\c\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMath.\i an aliquot part; an integral factor.\p\B2\b \IChem\i a known fraction of a whole; a sample. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ialiquote,\i from Latin \Ialiquot\i 'some, so many'\c
<hw>alive</hw> \K/\F'\n"lVIv/\k \Iadj.\i \I(usu. \Bpredic.)\b\i\p\B1\b (of a person, animal, plant, etc.) living, not dead.\p\B2\b \Ba\b (of a thing) existing; continuing; in operation or action \3(kept his interest alive).\c \Bb\b under discussion; provoking interest \3(the topic is still very much alive today).\c\p\B3\b (of a person or animal) lively, active.\p\B4\b charged with an electric current; connected to a source of electricity.\p\B5\b \I(foll. by \Bto)\b\i aware of; alert or responsive to.\p\B6\b \I(foll. by \Bwith)\b\i \Ba\b swarming or teeming with. \Bb\b full of.\p\1alive and kicking\c \Icolloq.\i very active; lively.\p\1alive and well\c still alive or active (esp. despite contrary assumptions or rumours). \Baliveness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ion life\i (as \J\Xa\x (2),\j \J\Xlife\x)\j\c
<hw>alizarin</hw> \K/\F'\n"lIz(\F'\n)rIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem Dyeing\i\p\B1\b the red colouring matter of madder root, used in dyeing.\p\B2\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i (of a dye) derived from or similar to this pigment. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ializarine\i from \Ializari\i 'madder', from Arabic \Ial-\i'\Iisara\i 'pressed juice' from '\Iasara\i 'to press fruit'\c
<hw>alkahest</hw> \K/"alk\F'\nhEst/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Balcahest)\b the universal solvent sought by alchemists. \BEtymology:\b \3sham Arabic, probably invented by Paracelsus\c
<hw>alkali</hw> \K/"alk\F'\nlVI/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Balkalis)\b\p\B1\b \IChem.\i any of a class of substances which neutralize acids and turn litmus blue, typically dissolving in water to form often caustic solutions with a pH of more than 7, containing free hydroxide ions; a soluble base.\p\B2\b \IAgriculture\i any soluble salt present in excess in the soil.\Ksense 2 new f. K. Barber Oct 94\k \Balkalimeter\b \K/alk\F'\n"lImIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Balkalimetry\b \K/alk\F'\n"lImItri/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, applied to a saline substance derived from the ashes of various plants: from medieval Latin, from Arabic \Ial-kali\i 'calcined ashes' of the glasswort etc., from \Ikala\i 'fry'\c
<hw>alkali metal</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i any of the group of monovalent metals, lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, and caesium, whose hydroxides are alkalis.
<hw>alkaline</hw> \K/"alk\F'\nlVIn/\k \Iadj.\i \IChem\i of, relating to, or having the nature of an alkali; rich in alkali. \Balkalinity\b \K/alk\F'\n"lInIti/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>alkaline earth</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i\p\B1\b (in full \Balkaline earth metal)\b any of the group of divalent metals, beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and radium.\p\B2\b a basic oxide of an element of this group.
<hw>alkaloid</hw> \K/"alk\F'\nlOId/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i \IBiochem\i any of a series of nitrogenous organic compounds of plant origin, many of which are used as drugs, e.g. morphine, quinine. \BEtymology:\b \3German (as \J\Xalkali\x)\j\c
<hw>alkalosis</hw> \K/alk\F'\n"l\F'\nUsIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed.\i an excessive alkaline condition of the body fluids or tissues.
<hw>alkane</hw> \K/"alkeIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i any of a series of saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having the general formula C\In\iH2\In\i+2, including methane, ethane, and propane. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xalkyl\x\j + \J\X-ane\x (2)\j\c
<hw>alkanet</hw> \K/"alk\F'\nnEt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b any plant of the genus \IAlkanna,\i esp. A. tinctoria, yielding a red dye from its roots. \Bb\b the dye itself.\p\B2\b any of various similar plants. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Spanish \Ialcaneta,\i diminutive of \Ialcana,\i from Arabic \Ial-hinna\i' = the henna shrub\c
<hw>alkene</hw> \K/"alki:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i any of a series of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons containing a double bond and having the general formula C\In\iH2\In,\i including ethylene and propene. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xalkyl\x\j + \J\X-ene\x\j\c
<hw>alky</hw> \K/"alki/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Balkie)\b \I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \Islang\i an alcoholic.\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED Jul 93\k
<hw>alkyd</hw> \K/"alkId/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(usu. \Battrib.)\b\i \IChem.\i any of a group of synthetic resins derived from various alcohols and acids. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xalkyl\x\j + \J\Xacid\x\j\c
<hw>alkyl</hw> \K/"alkVIl/, /-kIl/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(usu. \Battrib.)\b\i \IChem.\i a radical derived from an alkane by the removal of a hydrogen atom. \BEtymology:\b \3German \IAlkohol\i \J\Xalcohol\x\j + \J\X-yl\x\j\c
<hw>alkylate</hw> \K/"alkIleIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i \IChem.\i introduce an alkyl radical into (a compound).
<hw>alkyne</hw> \K/"alkVIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i any of a series of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons containing a triple bond and having the general formula C\In\iH2\In\i-2, including acetylene. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xalkyl\x\j + \J\X-yne\x\j\c
<hw>all</hw> \K/O:l/\k \Ipredet., pron., n., & adv.\i \Ipredet.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the whole amount, quantity, or extent of \3(all the upheaveal;\c \2all this clutter;\c \2waited all day;\c \2all his life).\c \Bb\b \I(with \Bpl.)\b\i the entire number of \3(all the others left;\c \2all ten men).\c\p\B2\b any whatever \3(beyond all doubt).\c\p\B3\b greatest possible \3(with all speed).\c \Ipron.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b all the persons or things concerned \3(all were present;\c \2all were thrown away).\c \Bb\b everything \3(all is lost;\c \2that is all).\c\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bof)\b\i \Ba\b the whole of \3(take all of it).\c \Bb\b every one of \3(all of us).\c \Bc\b \Icolloq.\i as much as \3(all of six feet tall).\c \Bd\b \Icolloq.\i affected by; in a state of \3(all of a dither).\c\p\In.\i\p\I(prec. by \Bmy,\b \Byour,\b etc.)\i one's whole strength or resources \3(gave his all).\c \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b entirely, quite \3(dressed all in black;\c \2all round the room).\c \Bb\b as an intensifier \3(a book all about ships;\c \2stop all this grumbling;\c \2it was all too clear).\c\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i very \3(went all shy).\c\p\B3\b \I(foll. by \Bthe\b + \Bcompar.)\b\i \Ba\b by so much; to that extent \3(if they go, all the better).\c \Bb\b in the full degree to be expected \3(that makes it all the worse).\c\p\B4\b (in games) on both sides \3(two goals all).\c\p\1all along\c all the time \3(he was joking all along).\c\p\1all and sundry\c everyone.\p\1all but\c very nearly \3(it was all but impossible;\c \2he was all but drowned).\c\p\1all for\c \Icolloq.\i strongly in favour of.\p\1all in\c \Icolloq.\i exhausted.\p\1all in all\c everything considered.\p\1all manner of\c \Isee\i \J\Xmanner\x.\j\p\1all of a sudden\c \Isee\i \J\Xsudden\x.\j\p\1all one\c (or \Bthe same)\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bto)\b\i a matter of indifference \3(it's all one to me).\c\p\1all out\c involving all one's strength or resources; at full speed \I(also, with hyphen, \Battrib.:\b\i \2an all-out effort).\c\p\1all over\c\p\B1\b completely finished.\p\B2\b in or on all parts of (esp. the body) \3(went hot and cold all over;\c \2mud all over the carpet).\c\p\B3\b \Icolloq.\i typically \3(that is you all over).\c\p\B4\b \Islang\i effusively attentive to (a person).\p\1all right\c \Ipredic.adj.\i satisfactory; safe and sound; in good condition; adequate. \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b satisfactorily, as desired \3(it worked out all right).\c\p\B2\b as an intensifier \3(that's the one all right).\c \Iint.\i an interjection expressing consent or assent to a proposal or order.\p\1all round\c \B(\BUS\b also all around)\b\p\B1\b in all respects \3(a good performance all round).\c\p\B2\b for each person \3(he bought drinks all round).\c\p\1all the same\c nevertheless, in spite of this \3(he was innocent but was punished all the same).\c\p\1all set\c \Icolloq.\i ready to start.\p\1all standing\c\p\B1\b \INaut.\i without time to lower the sails.\p\B2\b taken by surprise.\p\1all there\c \I(usu. in \Bneg.)\b\i \Icolloq.\i mentally alert; not mentally deficient.\p\1all the time\c \Isee\i \J\Xtime\x.\j\p\1all together\c all at once; all in one place or in a group \3(they came all together)\c \I(cf.\i \J\Xaltogether\x).\j\p\1all told\c in all.\p\1all very well\c \Icolloq.\i an expression used to reject or to imply scepticism about a favourable or consoling remark.\p\1all the way\c the whole distance; completely.\p\1at all\c \I(with \Bneg.\b or \Binterrog.)\b\i in any way; to any extent \3(did not swim at all;\c \2did you like it at all?).\c\p\1be all up with\c \Isee\i \J\Xup\x.\j\p\1in all\c in total number; altogether \3(there were 10 people in all).\c\p\1on all fours\c \Isee\i \J\Xfour\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iall,\i \Ieall,\i probably from Germanic\c \IAll of\i meaning 'the whole of, every one of' is usual before pronouns (e.g. \Iall of it,\i \Iall of us)\i and emphatically, often paralleling \Inone of,\i \Isome of,\i etc., before nouns (e.g. \Iall of the advantages but none of the disadvantages).\i Otherwise, \Iall\i + noun is normal, e.g. \Iphoned all his friends,\i \Iate all the bread).\i See also Usage Notes at \J\Xalright\x\j and \J\Xaltogether\x.\j
<hw>alla breve</hw> \K/al\F'\n "breIvi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMus.\i a time signature indicating 2 or 4 minim beats in a bar. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian, = at the \J\Xbreve\x\j\c
<hw>Allah</hw> \K/"al\F'\n/, /\F'\n"lA:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i the name of God among Arabs and Muslims. \BEtymology:\b \3Arabic '\Iallah,\i contraction of \Ial-\i'\Iilah,\i from \Ial\i 'the' + '\Iilah\i 'god'\c
<hw>all-American</hw> \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b representing the whole of (or only) America or the US.\p\B2\b truly American \3(all-American boy).\c\p\B3\b (also \Ball-America)\b \BUS\b \ISport\i honoured as one of the best amateur sportsmen in the US.\p\In.\i\p(also \Ball-America)\b \BUS\b \ISport\i an all-American sportsman.\Ksense 3 and noun new from incomings Sept 94\k
<hw>allantois</hw> \K/\F'\n"lant\F'\nUIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Ballantoides\b \K/-Idi:z/\k) \IBiol.\i \IPhysiol\i the foetal membrane lying below the chorion in embryonic reptiles, birds, and mammals. \Ballantoic\b \K/al\F'\nn"t\F'\nUIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from Greek \Iallantoeides\i 'sausage-shaped'\c
<hw>All Blacks</hw> \In.pl.\i \ISport\i \Icolloq.\i the New Zealand international Rugby Union football team. \BEtymology:\b \3from their black strip\c
<hw>all-clear</hw>\p\In.\i\p\I(usu. prec. by \Bthe)\b\i a signal that danger or difficulty is over \3(had further tests and was given the all-clear).\c
<hw>all comers</hw> \In.pl.\i \ISport\i any applicants (with reference to a position, or esp. a challenge to a champion, that is unrestricted in entry).
<hw>all-day</hw> \Iattrib.adj.\i lasting or available throughout the day.\Knew f. corpus Apr 94\k
<hw>allegation</hw> \K/alI"geIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an assertion, esp. an unproved one; an accusation.\p\B2\b the act or an instance of alleging or accusing. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from French \IallΘgation\i or Latin \Iallegatio,\i from \Iallegare\i 'allege'\c
<hw>allege</hw> \K/\F'\n"lEdZ/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bthat\b + clause, or \Bto\b + infin.)\i declare to be the case, esp. without proof.\p\B2\b advance as an argument or excuse. \Balleged\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Anglo-French \Ialegier,\i Old French \Iesligier\i 'clear at law'; confused in sense with Latin \Iallegare:\i see \J\Xallegation\x\j\c
<hw>allegedly</hw> \K/\F'\n"lEdZIdli/\k \Iadv.\i as is alleged or said to be the case.
<hw>allegiance</hw> \K/\F'\n"li:dZ(\F'\n)ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b loyalty (to a person or cause etc.).\p\B2\b the duty of a subject to his or her sovereign or government. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Anglo-French from Old French \Iligeance\i (as \J\Xliege\x):\j perhaps associated with \J\Xalliance\x\j\c
<hw>allegorical</hw> \K/alI"gQrIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i (also \Ballegoric\b \K/-rIk/\k) consisting of or relating to allegory; by means of allegory. \Ballegorically\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>allegorize</hw> \K/"alIg(\F'\n)rVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b treat as or by means of an allegory. \Ballegorization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>allegory</hw> \K/"alIg(\F'\n)ri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b a story, play, poem, picture, etc., in which the meaning or message is represented symbolically.\p\B2\b the use of such symbols.\p\B3\b a symbol. \Ballegorist\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iallegorie\i and Latin \Iallegoria\i from Greek \Iallegoria,\i from \Iallos\i 'other' + \I-agoria\i 'speaking'\c
<hw>allegretto</hw> \K/alI"grEt\F'\nU/\k \Iadv., adj., & n.\i \IMus.\i \Iadv. & adj.\i in a fairly brisk tempo.\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b an allegretto passage or movement. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian, diminutive of \J\Xallegro\x\j\c
<hw>allegro</hw> \K/\F'\n"leIgr\F'\nU/, /-"lEg-/\k \Iadv., adj., & n.\i \IMus.\i \Iadv. & adj.\i in a brisk tempo.\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b an allegro passage or movement. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian, = lively, gay\c
<hw>allele</hw> \K/"ali:l/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Ballel\b \K/"alEl/\k) \IBiol\i one of the (usu. two) alternative forms of a gene, found at the same place on a chromosome. \Ballelic\b \K/\F'\n"li:lIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3German \IAllel,\i abbreviation of \J\Xallelomorph\x\j\c
<hw>alleluia</hw> \K/alI"lu:j\F'\n/\k \Iint. & n.\i (also \Balleluya,\b \Bhallelujah\b \K/hal-/\k) \IRelig\i \Iint.\i God be praised.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b praise to God.\p\B2\b a song of praise to God.\p\B3\b \IRC Ch.\i the part of the Mass including this. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via ecclesiastical Latin and Greek \Iallelouia\i (in the Septuagint), from Hebrew \Ihalleluyah\i 'praise ye the Lord'\c
<hw>allemande</hw> \K/"almA:nd/, /almQ~d/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \IDancing\i the name of several German dances. \Bb\b \IMus\i the music for any of these, esp. as a movement of a suite.\p\B2\b a figure in a country dance. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = German (dance)\c
<hw>all-embracing</hw> \Iadj.\i embracing or including much or all; comprehensive.\Knew f. corpus Dec 93\k
<hw>Allen key</hw> \K/"al\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMech\i \Ipropr.\i a spanner designed to fit into and turn an Allen screw. \BEtymology:\b \3\IAllen,\i the name of the US manufacturer\c
<hw>Allen screw</hw> \K/"al\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMech\i \Ipropr.\i a screw with a hexagonal socket in the head. \BEtymology:\b \3as \J\XAllen key\x\j\c
<hw>allergen</hw> \K/"al\F'\ndZ(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i any substance that causes an allergic reaction. \Ballergenic\b \K/al\F'\n"dZEnIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xallergy\x\j + \J\X-gen\x\j\c
<hw>allergic</hw> \K/\F'\n"l\F'\n:dZIk/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \I(foll. by \Bto)\b\i \Ba\b \IMed\i having an allergy to. \Bb\b \Icolloq.\i having a strong dislike for (a person or thing).\p\B2\b \IMed\i caused by or relating to an allergy.
<hw>allergy</hw> \K/"al\F'\ndZi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \IMed.\i a damaging immune response by the body to a substance (esp. a particular food, pollen, fur, or dust) to which it has become hypersensitive.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i an antipathy. \Ballergist\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3German \IAllergie,\i on the pattern of \IEnergie\i \J\Xenergy\x,\j from Greek \Iallos\i 'other'\c
<hw>alleviate</hw> \K/\F'\n"li:vIeIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i lessen or make less severe (pain, suffering, etc.). \Balleviation\b \K/-"eIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Balleviative\b \K/-vI\F'\ntIv/\k \Iadj.\i \Balleviator\b\p\In.\i\p\Balleviatory\b \K/-vI\F'\nt(\F'\n)ri/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Ialleviare\i 'lighten', from Latin \Iallevare\i (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \Ilevare\i 'raise')\c
<hw>alley (1)</hw> \K/"ali/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-eys)\b\p\B1\b (also \Balleyway)\b \Ba\b a narrow street. \Bb\b a narrow passageway, esp. between or behind buildings.\p\B2\b a path or walk in a park or garden.\p\B3\b \IGames\i an enclosure for skittles, bowling, etc.\Ktennis sense 4 omitted as not current Sep 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, from Old French \Ialee\i 'walking, passage' from \Ialer\i 'go', from Latin \Iambulare\i 'walk'\c
<hw>alley (2)</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xally\x (2).\j
<hw>alley cat</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a stray town cat, often mangy or half wild.
<hw>all flesh</hw>\p\In.\i\pall human and animal creation.
<hw>All Hallows</hw> \K/"hal\F'\nUz/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i All Saints' Day, 1 Nov.
<hw>alliaceous</hw> \K/alI"eIS\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IBot\i of or relating to the genus \IAllium,\i which includes onion, garlic, leek, etc.\p\B2\b tasting or smelling like onion or garlic. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \Ialliaceus,\i from Latin \Iallium\i 'garlic'\c
<hw>alliance</hw> \K/\F'\n"lVI\F'\nns/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b union or agreement to cooperate, esp. of states by treaty or families by marriage. \Bb\b the parties involved.\p\B2\b \B(Alliance)\b \IPolit\i a political party formed by the allying of separate parties.\p\B3\b a relationship resulting from an affinity in nature or qualities etc. \3(the old alliance between logic and metaphysics).\c\p\B4\b \IBot.\i a group of allied families. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ialiance\i (as \J\Xally\x (1))\j\c
<hw>allicin</hw> \K/"alIsIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiochem.\i a pungent oily liquid with antibacterial properties, present in garlic.\Knew f. NEWS Mar. 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iallium\i 'garlic'\c
<hw>allied</hw> \K/"alVId/, /\F'\n"lVId/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b united or associated in an alliance. \Bb\b \B(Allied)\b \IPolit\i of or relating to Britain and her allies in the First and Second World Wars.\p\B2\b connected or related \3(studied medicine and allied subjects).\c \BEtymology:\b \3past part. of \J\Xally\x (1)\j\c
<hw>alligator</hw> \K/"alIgeIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i\p\B1\b a large reptile of the order Crocodilia native to the Americas and China, with upper teeth that lie outside the lower teeth and a head broader and shorter than that of the crocodile.\p\B2\b (in general use) any of several large members of this order.\p\B3\b \Ba\b the skin of such an animal or material resembling it. \Bb\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i shoes of this. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish \Iel lagarto\i 'the lizard', from Latin \Ilacerta\i\c
<hw>alligator clip</hw>\p\In.\i\pa clip with teeth for gripping.
<hw>alligator pear</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Besp. N. Amer.\b \IBot\i an avocado.
<hw>alligator snapper</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Balligator tortoise)\b \IZool\i a large freshwater snapping turtle found around the Gulf of Mexico.
<hw>all-in</hw> \Iattrib.adj.\i \BBrit.\b inclusive of all.
<hw>all-inclusive</hw> \Iadj.\i including all or everything.\Knew f. corpus Dec 93\k
<hw>all-in-one</hw> \Iadj.\i combining two or more items in a single unit \3(all-in-one shampoo and conditioner).\c\Knew f. corpus Dec 93\k
<hw>all-in wrestling</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Besp. Brit.\b \ISport Wrestling\i wrestling with few or no restrictions.
<hw>alliterate</hw> \K/\F'\n"lIt\F'\nreIt/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \Ba\b contain alliteration. \Bb\b use alliteration in speech or writing.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b construct (a phrase etc.) with alliteration. \Bb\b speak or pronounce with alliteration. \Balliterative\b \K/\F'\n"lIt(\F'\n)r\F'\ntIv/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3back-formation from \J\Xalliteration\x\j\c
<hw>alliteration</hw> \K/\F'\nlIt\F'\n"reIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\pthe occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words (e.g. \Icool,\i \Icalm,\i \Iand collected).\i \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \Ialliteratio\i (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \Ilittera\i 'letter')\c
<hw>allium</hw> \K/"alI\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i any plant of the genus \IAllium,\i usu. bulbous and strong-smelling, e.g. onion and garlic. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = garlic\c
<hw>all-night</hw> \Iattrib.adj.\i lasting or available throughout the night.\Knew f. corpus Dec 93\k
<hw>allocate</hw> \K/"al\F'\nkeIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bto)\b\i assign or devote to (a purpose, person, or place). \Ballocable\b \K/"al\F'\nk\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Ballocation\b \K/al\F'\n"keIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Ballocator\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Iallocare\i (as \J\Xal-\x,\j \Ilocus\i 'place')\c
<hw>allochthonous</hw> \K/\F'\n"lQkT\F'\nn\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i \IGeol.\i (of a deposit) formed at a distance from its present position (cf. \J\Xautochthonous\x 3).\j\Knew f. OERD Apr 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xallo-\x\j + Greek \Ikhthon -onos\i 'earth'\c
<hw>allocution</hw> \K/al\F'\n"kju:S(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\pa formal or hortatory speech or manner of address. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iallocutio,\i from \Ialloqui allocut-\i 'speak to' (as \J\Xal-\x,\j \Iloqui\i 'speak')\c
<hw>allogamy</hw> \K/\F'\n"lQg\F'\nmi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot.\i cross-fertilization in plants. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xallo-\x\j + Greek \I-gamia,\i from \Igamos\i 'marriage'\c
<hw>allograft</hw> \K/"al\F'\ngrA:ft/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed, Biol\i a tissue graft from a donor of the same species as the recipient but not genetically identical \I(cf.\i \J\Xhomograft\x).\j\Knew from NSOED jul 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xallo-\x\j + \J\Xgraft\x (1)\j\c
<hw>allomorph</hw> \K/"al\F'\nmO:f/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILinguistics\i any of two or more alternative forms of a morpheme. \Ballomorphic\b \K/al\F'\n"mO:fIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xallo-\x\j + \J\Xmorpheme\x\j\c
<hw>allopath</hw> \K/"al\F'\npaT/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a person who practises allopathy. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iallopathe,\i back-formation from \Iallopathie =\i \J\Xallopathy\x\j\c
<hw>allopathy</hw> \K/\F'\n"lQp\F'\nTi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i the treatment of disease by conventional means, i.e. with drugs having opposite effects to the symptoms \I(cf.\i \J\Xhomoeopathy\x).\j \Ballopathic\b \K/al\F'\n"paTIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Ballopathist\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3German \IAllopathie\i (as \J\Xallo-\x,\j \J\X-pathy\x)\j\c
<hw>allopatric</hw> \K/al\F'\n"patrIk/\k \Iadj.\i \IBiol.\i occurring in separate geographical areas.\Knew f. Collins, NSOED Mar 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xallo-\x\j + Greek \Ipatra\i 'fatherland'\c
<hw>allophone</hw> \K/"al\F'\nf\F'\nUn/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILinguistics\i any of the variant sounds forming a single phoneme. \Ballophonic\b \K/al\F'\n"fQnIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xallo-\x\j + \J\Xphoneme\x\j\c
<hw>allot</hw> \K/\F'\n"lQt/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(allotted,\b \Ballotting)\b\p\B1\b give or apportion to (a person) as a share or task; distribute officially to \3(they allotted us each a pair of boots;\c \2the men were allotted duties).\c\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bto)\b\i give or distribute officially to \3(a sum was allotted to each charity).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Old French \Ialoter\i (as \J\Xa-\x (3)\j + \J\Xlot\x)\j\c
<hw>allotment</hw> \K/\F'\n"lQtm(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b a small piece of land rented (usu. from a local authority) for cultivation.\p\B2\b a share allotted.\p\B3\b the action of allotting.
<hw>allotrope</hw> \K/"al\F'\ntr\F'\nUp/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem Geol\i each of two or more different physical forms in which an element can exist \3(graphite, charcoal, and diamond are all allotropes of carbon).\c \BEtymology:\b \3back-formation from \J\Xallotropy\x\j\c
<hw>allotropy</hw> \K/\F'\n"lQtr\F'\npi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem Geol\i the existence of two or more different physical forms of a chemical element. \Ballotropic\b \K/al\F'\n"trQpIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Ballotropical\b \K/al\F'\n"trQpIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iallotropos\i 'of another form', (as \J\Xallo-\x\j + \Itropos\i 'manner' from \Itrepo\i 'turn')\c
<hw>allottee</hw> \K/\F'\nlQ"ti:/\k\p\In.\i\pa person to whom something is allotted.
<hw>all-over</hw> \Iattrib.adj.\i covering the whole of something \3(an all-over tan).\c\Knew f. corpus Dec 93\k
<hw>allow</hw> \K/\F'\n"laU/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i permit (a practice, a person to do something, a thing to happen or be done, etc.) \3(smoking is not allowed;\c \2we allowed them to speak).\c\p\B2\b \Itr.\i give or provide; permit (a person) to have (a limited quantity or sum) \3(we were allowed ú500 a year).\c\p\B3\b \Itr.\i provide or set aside for a purpose; add or deduct in consideration of something \3(allow 10\F%\n for inflation).\c\p\B4\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b admit, agree, concede \3(he allowed that it was so;\c \2'You know best,' he allowed).\c \Bb\b \Idial.\i assert; be of the opinion.\p\B5\b \Irefl.\i permit oneself, indulge oneself in (conduct) \3(allowed herself to be persuaded;\c \2allowed myself a few angry words).\c\p\B6\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bof)\b\i admit of.\p\B7\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bfor)\b\i take into consideration or account; make addition or deduction corresponding to \3(allowing for wastage).\c \Ballowable\b \Iadj.\i \Ballowably\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, originally = 'praise, assign as a right', from Old French \Ialouer,\i partly from Latin \Iallaudare\i 'to praise', partly from medieval Latin \Iallocare\i 'to place': see \J\Xallocate\x\j\c
<hw>allowance</hw> \K/\F'\n"laU\F'\nns/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b an amount or sum allowed to a person, esp. regularly for a stated purpose. \Bb\b \BN. Amer.\b = \J\Xpocket money\x 2.\j\Ksense 1b new f. kpb Sep 94\k\p\B2\b an amount allowed in reckoning.\p\B3\b a deduction or discount \3(an allowance on your old cooker).\c\p\B4\b \I(foll. by \Bof)\b\i tolerance of. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b make an allowance to (a person).\p\B2\b supply in limited quantities.\p\1make allowances\c \I(often foll. by \Bfor)\b\i\p\B1\b take into consideration (mitigating circumstances) \3(made allowances for his demented state).\c\p\B2\b look with tolerance upon; make excuses for (a person, bad behaviour, etc.). \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ialouance\i (as \J\Xallow\x)\j\c
<hw>allowedly</hw> \K/\F'\n"laUIdli/\k \Iadv.\i as is generally allowed or acknowledged.
<hw>alloy</hw> \In. & v.\i \IChem\i\p\In.\i\p\K/"alOI/\k\p\B1\b a mixture of two or more chemical elements at least one of which is a metal, e.g. brass (a mixture of copper and zinc).\p\B2\b an inferior metal mixed esp. with gold or silver. \Iv.tr.\i \K/\F'\n"lOI/\k\p\B1\b mix (metals).\p\B2\b \Ba\b debase (a pure substance) by admixture. \Bb\b reduce the quality or spoil the character of a thing by adding something else.\K2b new from corpus Jul 93\k\p\B3\b moderate. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ialoi\i \I(n.),\i \Ialoyer\i \I(v.)\i via Old French \Ialoier,\i \Ialeier\i 'combine' from Latin \Ialligare\i 'bind'\c
<hw>all-party</hw> \Iattrib.adj.\i \IPolit.\i involving all (esp. political) parties.\Knew word in COD9 f. corpus Jul 93\k
<hw>all-pervading</hw> \Iadj.\i (also \Ball-pervasive)\b pervading everything.\Knew f. corpus Dec 93\k
<hw>all-points bulletin</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BUS\b \ICriminol\i a general alert issued among police officers, esp. one giving information for the capture of a suspected criminal.\Knew f. kpb, incomings Sep 94\k
<hw>all-powerful</hw> \Iadj.\i having complete power; almighty.\Knew f. corpus Dec 93\k
<hw>all-purpose</hw> \Iadj.\i suitable for many uses.
<hw>all-round</hw> \Iattrib.adj.\i (of a person) versatile.
<hw>all-rounder</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b a versatile person or thing.
<hw>All Saints' Day</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i a Christian festival in honour of the saints, 1 Nov.
<hw>all-seater</hw> \Iadj.\i \I(usu. \Battrib.)\b\i \ISport\i (of a sports stadium etc.) providing only seats and no standing places.\Knew f. corpus Dec 93\k
<hw>allseed</hw> \K/"O:lsi:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i any of various plants producing much seed, esp. Radiola linoides.
<hw>All Souls' Day</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i a Roman Catholic festival with prayers for the souls of the dead, 2 Nov.
<hw>allspice</hw> \K/"O:lspVIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot Cookery\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the aromatic spice obtained from the ground berry of the W. Indian tree Pimenta dioica. \Bb\b this plant. \IAlso called\i \J\Xpimento\x.\j\p\B2\b any of various other aromatic shrubs.
<hw>all-star</hw> \Iadj. & n.\i \ISport Theatr\i \Iadj.\i composed wholly of outstanding performers.\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b a member of an all-star group or team.\Knew f. Incomings Apr 94\k
<hw>all-ticket</hw> \Iadj.\i \I(usu. \Battrib.)\b\i \ISport\i (of an event) that may be attended only by those with tickets bought in advance.\Knew f. corpus Dec 93\k
<hw>all-time</hw> \Iattrib.adj.\i (of a record etc.) hitherto unsurpassed.
<hw>allude</hw> \K/\F'\n"lu:d/, /\F'\n"lju:d/\k \Iv.intr.\i \I(foll. by \Bto)\b\i\p\B1\b refer to indirectly or covertly.\p\B2\b \Idisp.\i mention. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ialludere\i (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \Iludere lus-\i 'play')\c \IAllude to\i should not be used simply as a synonym for \Imention.\i The sentence \IMr Smith was alluded to several times, though not actually mentioned by name, in the president's speech\i illustrates the difference.
<hw>all-up weight</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IAeron\i the total weight of an aircraft with passengers, cargo, etc. when airborne.
<hw>allure</hw> \K/\F'\n"ljU\F'\n/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.tr.\i attract, charm, or fascinate.\p\In.\i\pattractiveness, personal charm; fascination. \Ballurement\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ialurer\i 'attract' (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \Iluere\i \J\Xlure\x (1)\p\Iv.\i\p1)\j\c
<hw>allusion</hw> \K/\F'\n"lu:Z(\F'\n)n/, /-"lju:-/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i an indirect or passing reference. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iallusion\i or Late Latin \Iallusio\i (as \J\Xallude\x)\j\c Care should be taken not to confuse \Iallusion\i with \Iillusion.\i See also Usage Note at \J\Xallude\x.\j
<hw>allusive</hw> \K/\F'\n"lu:sIv/, /-"lju:-/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i containing an allusion.\p\B2\b containing many allusions. \Ballusively\b \Iadv.\i \Ballusiveness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>alluvial</hw> \K/\F'\n"lu:vI\F'\nl/, /-"lju:-/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IGeol\i \Iadj.\i of or relating to alluvium.\p\In.\i\palluvium, esp. containing a precious metal.
<hw>alluvion</hw> \K/\F'\n"lu:vI\F'\nn/, /-"lju:-/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i \IGeol\i the formation of new land by the movement of the sea or of a river.\Ksenses 1-3 omitted as archaic: see SOED Apr 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3French from Latin \Ialluvio -onis,\i from \Iluere\i 'wash'\c
<hw>alluvium</hw> \K/\F'\n"lu:vI\F'\nm/, /-"lju:-/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Balluvia\b \K/-vI\F'\n/\k or \Balluviums)\b \IGeol\i a deposit of usu. fine fertile soil left during a time of flood, esp. in a river valley or delta. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, neut. of \Ialluvius\i \I(adj.),\i from \Iluere\i 'wash'\c
<hw>all-weather</hw> \Iadj.\i of, relating to, or suitable for all types of weather \I(usu. \Battrib.:\b\i \2all-weather track).\c\Knew f. corpus Dec 93\k
<hw>ally (1)</hw> \K/"alVI/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \IPolit\i a state formally cooperating or united with another for a special purpose, esp. by a treaty.\p\B2\b a person or organization that cooperates with or helps another. \Iv.tr.\i \Kalso /\F'\n"lVI/\k \B(-ies,\b \B-ied)\b \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i combine or unite in alliance. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ial(e)ier\i from Latin \Ialligare\i 'bind': cf. \J\Xalloy\x\j\c
<hw>ally (2)</hw> \K/"ali/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Balley)\b \I(pl.\i \B-ies\b or \B-eys)\b \IGames\i a choice playing-marble made of marble, alabaster, or glass. \BEtymology:\b \3perhaps diminutive of \J\Xalabaster\x\j\c
<hw>-ally</hw> \K/\F'\nli/\k \Isuffix\i forming adverbs from adjectives in \I-al\i \I(cf.\i \J\X-al\x,\j \J\X-ly\x (2),\j \J\X-ically\x).\j
<hw>Alma Mater</hw> \K/%alm\F'\n "mA:t\F'\n/, /"meIt-/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Balma mater)\b \IEducation\i the university, school, or college one attends or attended. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = bounteous mother\c
<hw>almanac</hw> \K/"O:lm\F'\nnak/, /"Ql-/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Balmanack)\b\p\B1\b an annual table, or book of tables, containing a calendar of months and days and usu. astronomical data and other information.\p\B2\b a usu. annual directory or handbook containing statistical and other information of either general or specialist interest.\Ksense 2 new in COD9 f. DJT, KB Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via medieval Latin \Ialmanac(h)\i from Greek \Ialmenikhiaka\i\c
<hw>almandine</hw> \K/"alm\F'\nndi:n/, /-dVIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMineral\i a kind of garnet with a violet tint. \BEtymology:\b \3French, alteration of obsolete \Ialabandine\i from medieval Latin \Ialabandina,\i from \IAlabanda,\i an ancient city in Asia Minor, where these stones were cut\c
<hw>almighty</hw> \K/O:l"mVIti/\k \Iadj. & adv.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b having complete power; omnipotent.\p\B2\b \B(the Almighty)\b \IRelig\i God.\p\B3\b \Islang\i very great \3(an almighty crash).\c \Iadv.\i \Islang\i extremely; very much. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iµlmihtig\i (as \J\Xall\x,\j \J\Xmighty\x)\j\c
<hw>almond</hw> \K/"A:m\F'\nnd/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b the oval nutlike seed (kernel) of the stone fruit from the tree Prunus dulcis, of which there are sweet and bitter varieties.\p\B2\b (in full \Balmond tree)\b the tree itself, of the rose family and allied to the peach and plum. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ialemande\i etc., medieval Latin \Iamandula,\i and Latin \Iamygdala\i from Greek \Iamugdale\i\c
<hw>almond oil</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i \IMed\i the oil expressed from the seed of the almond (esp. the bitter variety), used for toilet preparations, flavouring, and medicinal purposes.
<hw>almoner</hw> \K/"A:m\F'\nn\F'\n/, /"alm-/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISociol\i \Ihist.\i\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b = \J\Xhospital social worker\x.\j\p\B2\b an official distributor of alms. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Anglo-French \Iaumoner,\i Old French \Iaumonier,\i ultimately from medieval Latin \Ieleemosynarius\i (as \J\Xalms\x)\j\c
<hw>almost</hw> \K/"O:lm\F'\nUst/\k \Iadv.\i all but; very nearly. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iµlmµst\i 'for the most part' (as \J\Xall\x,\j \J\Xmost\x)\j\c
<hw>alms</hw> \K/A:mz/\k \In.pl.\i \ISociol\i \Ihist.\i charitable donations of money or food to the poor. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iµlmysse,\i \I-messe\i from Germanic, ultimately from Greek \Ieleemosune\i 'compassionateness' via \Ieleemon\i \I(adj.)\i from \Ieleos\i 'compassion'\c
<hw>almshouse</hw> \K/"A:mzhaUs/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISociol\i \Ihist.\i a house founded by charity for the poor.
<hw>almucantar</hw> \K/alm\F'\n"kant\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Balmacantar)\b \IAstron.\i a line of constant altitude above the horizon. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via medieval Latin \Ialmucantarath\i or French \Ialmucantara\i etc. from Arabic \Ialmukantarat\i \I(pl.)\i 'lines of celestial latitude', from \Ikantara\i 'arch'\c
<hw>aloe</hw> \K/"al\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b any plant of the genus \IAloe,\i usu. having toothed fleshy leaves.\p\B2\b \IMed\i \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i (in full \Bbitter aloes)\b a strong laxative obtained from the bitter juice of various species of aloe.\p\B3\b (also \BAmerican aloe)\b an agave native to Central America, which flowers only once in many years, and from whose sap tequila is made; \Ialso called\i \Icentury plant.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ial(e)we\i via Latin \Ialoe\i from Greek\c
<hw>aloe vera</hw> \K/"vI\F'\nr\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot Pharm\i\p\B1\b a Caribbean aloe, Aloe vera, yielding a gelatinous substance used esp. in cosmetics as an emollient.\p\B2\b this substance.\Knew f. News Aug 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin, = true aloe\c
<hw>aloft</hw> \K/\F'\n"lQft/\k \Ipredic.adj. & adv.\i\p\B1\b high up; overhead.\p\B2\b upwards. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old Norse \Iß lopt(i),\i from \Iß\i 'in, on, to' + \Ilopt\i 'air': cf. \J\Xlift\x,\j \J\Xloft\x\j\c
<hw>alogical</hw> \K/eI"lQdZIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \ILogic\i not logical.\p\B2\b opposed to logic.
<hw>aloha</hw> \K/\F'\n"l\F'\nUh\F'\n/\k \Iint. & n.\i a Hawaiian expression of love or affection, used as a greeting and at parting.\Knew in COD9 f. Wordfinder, incomings Jul 93\k
<hw>aloha shirt</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IClothing\i a loose brightly coloured Hawaiian shirt.\Knew in COD9 f. Wordfiner, incomings Jul 93\k
<hw>alone</hw> \K/\F'\n"l\F'\nUn/\k \Ipredic.adj. & adv.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b without others present \3(they wanted to be alone;\c \2the tree stood alone).\c \Bb\b without others' help \3(succeeded alone).\c \Bc\b lonely and wretched \3(felt alone).\c\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Bin)\b\i standing by oneself in an opinion etc. \3(was alone in thinking this).\c\p\B3\b only, exclusively \3(you alone can help me).\c\p\1go it alone\c act by oneself without assistance. \Baloneness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from \J\Xall\x\j + \J\Xone\x\j\c
<hw>along</hw> \K/\F'\n"lQN/\k \Iprep. & adv.\i \Iprep.\i\p\B1\b from one end to the other end of \3(a handkerchief with lace along the edge).\c\p\B2\b on or through any part of the length of \3(was walking along the road).\c\p\B3\b beside or through the length of \3(shelves stood along the wall).\c \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b onward; into a more advanced state \3(come along;\c \2getting along nicely).\c\p\B2\b at or to a particular place; arriving \3(I'll be along soon).\c\p\B3\b in company with a person, esp. oneself \3(bring a book along).\c\p\B4\b beside or through part or the whole length of a thing.\p\1along with\c in addition to; together with. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iandlang\i from West Germanic, related to \J\Xlong\x (1)\j\c
<hw>alongshore</hw> \K/\F'\nlQN"SO:/\k \Iadv.\i along or by the shore.
<hw>alongside</hw> \K/\F'\nlQN"sVId/\k \Iadv. & prep.\i \Iadv.\i at or to the side (of a ship, pier, etc.). \Iprep.\i close to the side of; next to.\p\1alongside of\c side by side with; together or simultaneously with.
<hw>aloof</hw> \K/\F'\n"lu:f/\k \Iadj. & adv.\i \Iadj.\i distant, unsympathetic. \Iadv.\i away, apart \3(he kept aloof from his colleagues).\c \Baloofly\b \Iadv.\i \Baloofness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3originally nautical, from \J\Xa\x (2)\j + \J\Xluff\x\j\c
<hw>alopecia</hw> \K/al\F'\n"pi:S\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed.\i the absence (complete or partial) of hair from areas of the body where it normally grows; baldness. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, from Greek \Ialopekia\i 'fox-mange' from \Ialopex\i 'fox'\c
<hw>aloud</hw> \K/\F'\n"laUd/\k \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b audibly; not silently or in a whisper.\p\B2\b \Iarchaic\i loudly. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xa\x (2)\j + \J\Xloud\x\j\c
<hw>alow</hw> \K/\F'\n"l\F'\nU/\k \Iadv. & predic.adj.\i \INaut.\i in or into the lower part of a ship. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xa\x (2)\j + \J\Xlow\x (1)\j\c
<hw>alp</hw> \K/alp/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeog\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a high mountain. \Bb\b \B(the Alps)\b the high range of mountains in Switzerland and adjoining countries.\p\B2\b (in Switzerland) pastureland on a mountainside. \BEtymology:\b \3originally pl., from French via Latin \IAlpes\i from Greek \IAlpeis\i\c
<hw>alpaca</hw> \K/al"pak\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool\i a S. American mammal, Lama pacos, related to the llama, with long shaggy hair.\p\B2\b wool from this animal.\p\B3\b \ITextiles\i fabric made from the wool, with or without other fibres. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish, from Aymara or Quechua\c
<hw>alpargata</hw> \K/alpA:"gA:t\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFashion\i a light canvas shoe with a plaited fibre sole; an espadrille. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish\c
<hw>alpenhorn</hw> \K/"alp\F'\nnhO:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAgriculture\i a long wooden horn used by Alpine herdsmen to call their cattle. \BEtymology:\b \3German, = Alp-horn\c
<hw>alpenstock</hw> \K/"alp\F'\nnstQk/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMountaineering\i a long iron-tipped staff used in hillwalking. \BEtymology:\b \3German, = Alp-stick\c
<hw>alpha</hw> \K/"alf\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ILinguistics\i the first letter of the Greek alphabet (A, \Fa\a).\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b a first-class mark given for a piece of work or in an examination.\p\B3\b \B(Alpha)\b \IAstron.\i the first (usu. brightest) star in a constellation \I(foll. by Latin genitive:\i \2Alpha Centauri).\c\p\1alpha and omega\c the beginning and the end; the most important features. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, via Latin from Greek\c
<hw>alphabet</hw> \K/"alf\F'\nbEt/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILinguistics\i\p\B1\b the set of letters used in writing a language \3(the Russian alphabet).\c\p\B2\b a set of symbols or signs representing letters. \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Ialphabetum\i from Greek \Ialpha,\i \Ibeta,\i the first two letters of the alphabet\c
<hw>alphabetical</hw> \K/alf\F'\n"bEtIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i (also \Balphabetic\b \K/-"bEtIk/\k)\p\B1\b of or relating to an alphabet.\p\B2\b in the order of the letters of the alphabet. \Balphabetically\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>alphabet soup</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Icolloq.\i a confusing variety of acronyms or symbols.\Knew f. Incs, NSOED Sept 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3alluding to a kind of clear soup containing pasta in the shapes of letters\c
<hw>alpha decay</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i radioactive decay in which an alpha particle is emitted.\Knew f. Collins, OERD Mar 94\k
<hw>alphanumeric</hw> \K/alf\F'\nnju:"mErIk/\k \Iadj.\i (also \Balphanumerical)\b\Kaphameric omitted Dec 93\k containing both alphabetical and numerical symbols. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xalphabetic\x\j + \J\Xnumerical\x\j\c
<hw>alpha particle</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Balpha ray)\b \IPhysics\i a helium nucleus emitted by a radioactive substance, originally regarded as a ray.
<hw>alpha rhythm</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Balpha waves)\b \IPhysiol.\i \IPsychol\i the normal electrical activity of the brain when conscious and relaxed, with a frequency of approx. 8 to 13 hertz.\Knew f. Collins, NSOED Mar 94\k
<hw>alpha test</hw> \In. & v.\i \IComputing etc.\i\p\In.\i\pa test of machinery, software, etc. carried out by the developer before the product is made available for beta testing. \Iv.tr.\i subject (a product) to an alpha test.\Knew word in COD9 f. NEWS, ODNW Jul 93\k
<hw>alpine</hw> \K/"alpVIn/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i \IGeog\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b of or relating to high mountains. \Bb\b growing or found on high mountains.\p\B2\b \B(Alpine)\b of or relating to the Alps.\p\B3\b \B(Alpine)\b \ISkiing\i (of skiing) involving fast downhill racing.\Ksense 3 new f. OERD Apr 94\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b a plant native to mountain districts.\p\B2\b \IHort Bot\i a plant suited to rock gardens.\Ksense 2 new in COD9 f. POD Jul 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \IAlpinus:\i see \J\Xalp\x\j\c
<hw>Alpinist</hw> \K/"alpInIst/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISport\i (also \Balpinist)\b a climber of high mountains, esp. in the Alps. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ialpiniste\i (as \J\Xalpine\x;\j see \J\X-ist\x)\j\c
<hw>already</hw> \K/O:l"rEdi/\k \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b before the time in question \3(I knew that already).\c\p\B2\b as early or as soon as this \3(already at the age of six).\c\p\B3\b \BN. Amer.\b \Icolloq.\i as an intensive at the end of a phrase, to express impatience \3(enough already!).\c\Ksense 3 new f. OERD, NSOED, AHD Apr 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xall\x\j \Iadv.\i + \J\Xready\x:\j sense 3 influenced by Yiddish use\c
<hw>alright</hw> \K/O:l"rVIt/\k \Iadj., adv., & int.\i \Idisp.\i = \Iall right\i \I(see\i \J\Xall\x).\j Although widely used, \Ialright\i is still non-standard and considered incorrect by many people.
<hw>Alsatian</hw> \K/al"seIS(\F'\n)n/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b \IZool\i \Ba\b a large dog of a breed used as guard dogs etc. and for police work. \Bb\b this breed. \IAlso called\i \IGerman shepherd (dog).\i\p\B2\b \IPeople\i a native of Alsace, a region of eastern France. \Iadj.\i of or relating to Alsace or its inhabitants.\Kadj new f. corpus April 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3\IAlsatia\i (the ancient name of Alsace) + \J\X-an\x\j\c
<hw>alsike</hw> \K/"alsIk/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a species of clover, Trifolium hybridum. \BEtymology:\b \3named after \IAlsike\i in Sweden\c
<hw>also</hw> \K/"O:ls\F'\nU/\k \Iadv.\i in addition; likewise; besides. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ialswa\i (as \J\Xall\x\j \Iadv.\i, \J\Xso\x (1))\j\c
<hw>also-ran</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ISport Racing\i a horse or dog etc. not among the winners in a race.\p\B2\b an undistinguished person.
<hw>alstroemeria</hw> \K/alstr\F'\n"mI\F'\nrI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i an ornamental plant of the S. American genus \IAlstroemeria\i (lily family), with showy lily-like flowers.\Knew f. NSOED Mar. 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin, named after K. von \IAlstroemer,\i Swedish naturalist d. 1796\c
<hw>Alta.</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IGeog\i Alberta.
<hw>altar</hw> \K/"O:lt\F'\n/, /"Ql-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i\p\B1\b a table or flat-topped block, often of stone, for making sacrifices or offerings to a deity.\p\B2\b a Communion table.\p\1lead to the altar\c marry (a woman). \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ialtar -er,\i Germanic adoption of Late Latin \Ialtar,\i \Ialtarium,\i from Latin \Ialtaria\i (pl.) 'burnt offerings, altar', probably related to \Iadolere\i 'burn in sacrifice'\c
<hw>altar boy</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i a boy who serves as a priest's assistant in a service.
<hw>altarpiece</hw> \K/"O:lt\F'\npi:s/, /"Ql-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IArt Relig\i a piece of art, esp. a painting, set above or behind an altar.
<hw>altazimuth</hw> \K/al"tazIm\F'\nT/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAstron\i an instrument for measuring altitude and azimuth in astronomy and navigation, or vertical and horizontal angles in surveying \I(usu. \Battrib.:\b\i \2altazimuth mount).\c \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xaltitude\x\j + \J\Xazimuth\x\j\c
<hw>alter</hw> \K/"O:lt\F'\n/, /"Ql-/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr. & intr.\i make or become different; change.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \BUS\b & \BAustral.\b castrate or spay. \Balterable\b \Iadj.\i \Balteration\b \K/-"reIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ialterer\i and Late Latin \Ialterare\i from Latin \Ialter\i 'other'\c
<hw>alterative</hw> \K/"O:lt(\F'\n)r\F'\ntIv/, /"Ql-/\k \Iadj.\i tending to produce alteration.\Ksense 2 and noun omitted as archaic Apr 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, from medieval Latin \Ialterativus\i (as \J\Xalter\x)\j\c
<hw>alter ego</hw> \K/%alt\F'\nr "Eg\F'\nU/, /%Qlt-/, /"i:g-/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Balter egos)\b\p\B1\b a person's secondary or alternative personality.\p\B2\b an intimate and trusted friend. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = other self\c
<hw>alternate</hw> \Iv., adj., & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\K/"O:lt\F'\nneIt/, /"Ql-/\k\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i (of two things) succeed each other by turns \3(rain and sunshine alternated;\c \2elation alternated with depression).\c\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bbetween)\b\i change repeatedly (between two conditions) \3(the patient alternated between hot and cold fevers).\c\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i cause (two things) to succeed each other by turns \3(the band alternated fast and slow tunes;\c \2we alternated criticism with reassurance).\c \Iadj.\i \K/O:l"t\F'\n:n\F'\nt/, /Ql-/\k\p\B1\b \I(with noun in \Bpl.)\b\i every other \3(comes on alternate days).\c\p\B2\b (of things of two kinds) each following and succeeded by one of the other kind \3(alternate joy and misery).\c\p\B3\b (of a sequence etc.) consisting of alternate things.\p\B4\b \IBot.\i (of leaves etc.) placed alternately on the two sides of the stem.\p\B5\b \Besp. N. Amer.\b = \J\Xalternative\x\j \3(an alternate route).\c\p\In.\i\p\K/O:l"t\F'\n:n\F'\nt/, /Ql-/\k \Besp. N. Amer.\b a deputy or substitute. \Balternately\b \K/O:l"t\F'\n:n\F'\ntli/, /Ql-/\k \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ialternatus,\i past part. of \Ialternare\i 'do things by turns', from \Ialternus\i 'every other' from \Ialter\i 'other'\c See Usage Note at \J\Xalternative\x.\j
<hw>alternate angles</hw> \In.pl.\i \IMath\i two angles, not adjoining one another, that are formed on opposite sides of a line that intersects two other lines.
<hw>alternating current</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IElectr\i an electric current that reverses its direction at regular intervals (abbr. \BAC,\b \Bac).\b\Kabbr\k
<hw>alternation</hw> \K/O:lt\F'\n"neIS(\F'\n)n/, /Ql-/\k\p\In.\i\pthe action or result of alternating.
<hw>alternation of generations</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBiol.\i a reproductive pattern in which two different forms (often sexual and asexual or haploid and diploid) alternate in the life cycle, as in ferns and some jellyfish.
<hw>alternative</hw> \K/O:l"t\F'\n:n\F'\ntIv/, /Ql-/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b (of one or more things) available or usable instead of another \3(an alternative route).\c\p\B2\b (of two things) mutually exclusive.\p\B3\b of or relating to practices that offer a substitute for the conventional ones \3(alternative theatre).\c\p\In.\i\p\B1\b any of two or more possibilities.\p\B2\b the freedom or opportunity to choose between two or more things \3(I had no alternative but to go).\c \Balternatively\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ialternatif -ive\i or medieval Latin \Ialternativus\i (as \J\Xalternate\x)\j\c Use of the adjective in sense 1 with reference to more than two options (e.g. \Imany alternative methods)\i is common, and acceptable. \IAlternative\i should not be used in place of \Ialternate\i in the sense 'every other', e.g. \IThere was a dance on alternate Saturdays.\i
<hw>alternative birth</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Balternative birthing)\b \IMed\i any method of childbirth in which the delivery occurs at home or in a similar environment, often with minimal medical intervention.\Knew in COD9 f. NEWS, NSOED Feb 94\k
<hw>alternative comedy</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ITheatr\i a style of comedy which seeks to reject established (esp. racist or sexist) stereotypes.\Knew in COD9 f. NEWS, NSOED, corpus Feb 94\k
<hw>alternative energy</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IEcol\i energy fuelled in ways that do not use up the earth's natural resources or otherwise harm the enviroment.\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED, corpus Feb 94\k
<hw>alternative fuel</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMotoring\i a fuel other than petrol for powering motor vehicles.\Knew in COD9 f. NEWS, corpus Feb 94\k
<hw>alternative medicine</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i any of a range of medical therapies not regarded as orthodox by the medical profession, e.g. chiropractic, faith healing, herbalism, homoeopathy, and reflexology. \IAlso called\i \Icomplementary medicine.\i\Knew in COD9 f. OERD Apr 94\k
<hw>alternative society</hw>\p\In.\i\p\I(usu. prec. by \Bthe)\b\i \Besp. Brit.\b \ISociol\i a group of people dissociating themselves from conventional society and its values.
<hw>alternator</hw> \K/"O:lt\F'\nneIt\F'\n/, /"Ql-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IElectr\i a dynamo that generates an alternating current.
<hw>althorn</hw> \K/"althO:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMus.\i an instrument of the saxhorn family, esp. the alto or tenor saxhorn in E flat. \BEtymology:\b \3German, from \Ialt\i 'high' (from Latin \Ialtus)\i + \J\Xhorn\x\j\c
<hw>although</hw> \K/O:l"D\F'\nU/, /Ql-/\k \Iconj.\i = \J\Xthough\x \Iconj.\i 1, 3, 4.\j \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from \J\Xall\x\j \Iadv.\i + \J\Xthough\x\j\c
<hw>altimeter</hw> \K/"altImi:t\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics Aeron\i an instrument for showing height above sea or ground level, esp. one fitted to an aircraft. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ialtus\i 'high' + \J\X-meter\x\j\c
<hw>altitude</hw> \K/"altItju:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the height of an object in relation to a given point, esp. sea level or the horizon.\p\B2\b \IGeom.\i the length of the perpendicular from a vertex to the opposite side of a figure.\p\B3\b a high or exalted position \3(a social altitude).\c \Baltitudinal\b \K/altI"tju:dIn(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, from Latin \Ialtitudo\i from \Ialtus\i 'high'\c
<hw>altitude sickness</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a sickness experienced at high altitudes.
<hw>alto</hw> \K/"alt\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b \IMus\i\p\B1\b = \J\Xcontralto\x.\j\p\B2\b \Ba\b the highest adult male singing voice, above tenor. \Bb\b a singer with this voice. \Bc\b a part written for it.\p\B3\b \Ba\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i denoting the member of a family of instruments pitched second or third highest. \Bb\b an alto instrument, esp. an alto saxophone. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian \Ialto\i \I(canto)\i 'high (singing)'\c
<hw>alto clef</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMus\i a clef placing middle C on the middle line of the staff, used chiefly for viola music.
<hw>altocumulus</hw> \K/alt\F'\nU"kju:mjUl\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMeteorol.\i cloud formed at medium altitude as a layer of rounded masses with a level base. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin, from Latin \Ialtus\i 'high' + \J\Xcumulus\x\j\c
<hw>altogether</hw> \K/O:lt\F'\n"gED\F'\n/, /Ql-/\k \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b totally, completely \3(you are altogether wrong).\c\p\B2\b on the whole \3(altogether it had been a good day).\c\p\B3\b in total.\p\1in the altogether\c \Icolloq.\i naked. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English, (as \J\Xall\x\j + \J\Xtogether\x)\j\c Note that \Ialtogether\i means 'in total', as in \Ithere are six bedrooms altogether,\i whereas \Iall together\i is used to mean 'all in one place' or 'all at once', as in \Ithere are six bedrooms all together;\i \Ithey came in all together.\i
<hw>alto-relievo</hw> \K/%alt\F'\nUrI"li:v\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Balto-rilievo\b \K/-rI"ljeIv\F'\nU/\k) \I(pl.\i \B-os)\b \ISculpture\i\p\B1\b = \Ihigh relief\i \I(see\i \J\Xrelief\x 6a).\j\p\B2\b a sculpture, carving, etc. in high relief. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian \Ialto-rilievo\i\c
<hw>altostratus</hw> \K/alt\F'\nU"strA:t\F'\ns/, /-"streIt\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMeteorol.\i cloud formed as a continuous uniform layer at medium altitude. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin, from Latin \Ialtus\i 'high' + \J\Xstratus\x\j\c
<hw>altricial</hw> \K/\F'\nl"trIS(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IZool\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b (of a young bird or animal) requiring care and feeding by the parents after hatching or birth.\p\B2\b having such young.\p\In.\i\pan altricial bird \I(cf.\i \J\Xprecocial\x).\j \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ialtrix altricis\i fem. of \Ialtor\i 'nourisher', from \Ialere\i 'nourish'\c
<hw>altruism</hw> \K/"altrUIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b regard for others as a principle of action.\p\B2\b unselfishness; concern for other people. \Baltruist\b\p\In.\i\p\Baltruistic\b \K/altrU"IstIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Baltruistically\b \K/altrU"IstIk(\F'\n)li/\k \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ialtruisme\i from Italian \Ialtrui\i 'somebody else' (influenced by Latin \Ialter\i 'other')\c
<hw>alum</hw> \K/"al\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i\p\B1\b a double sulphate of aluminium and potassium.\p\B2\b any of a group of crystalline salts which are double sulphates of a monovalent metal (or group) and a trivalent metal. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Ialumen aluminis\i\c
<hw>alumina</hw> \K/\F'\n"lu:mIn\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i the compound aluminium oxide occurring naturally as corundum and emery. Chem. formula: Al2O3.\Kformula\k \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ialumen\i 'alum', on the pattern of \Isoda\i etc.\c
<hw>aluminium</hw> \K/aljU"mInI\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(N. Amer.\b \Baluminum\b \K/\F'\n"lu:mIn\F'\nm/\k) \IChem\i a silvery light and malleable metallic element resistant to tarnishing by air (symbol \BAl).\b\Ksymb\k \BEtymology:\b \3\Ialuminium,\i alteration (on the pattern of \Isodium\i etc.) from \Ialuminum,\i earlier \Ialumium,\i from \J\Xalum\x\j + \J\X-ium\x\j\c
<hw>aluminium bronze</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i an alloy of copper and aluminium.
<hw>aluminosilicate</hw> \K/\F'\n%lu:mIn\F'\nU"sIlIkeIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMineral.\i a silicate containing aluminium, esp. a rock-forming mineral of this kind, e.g. a feldspar, a clay mineral.\Knew f. Collins, NSOED Mar 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xaluminium\x\j + \J\X-o-\x\j + \J\Xsilicate\x\j\c
<hw>alumnus</hw> \K/\F'\n"lVmn\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Balumni\b \K/-ni/\k; \Ifem.\i \Balumna,\b \Ipl.\i \Balumnae\b \K/-ni/\k) a former pupil or student of a particular school, college, or university. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = 'nursling, pupil' from \Ialere\i 'nourish'\c
<hw>alveolar</hw> \K/al"vI\F'\nl\F'\n/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IAnat\i of an alveolus.\p\B2\b \IPhonet.\i (of a consonant) pronounced with the tip of the tongue in contact with the ridge of the upper teeth, e.g. \In,\i \Is,\i \It.\i \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xalveolus\x\j + \J\X-ar\x (1)\j\c
<hw>alveolus</hw> \K/al"vI\F'\nl\F'\ns/, /alvI"\F'\nUl\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Balveoli\b \K/-lVI/, /-li:/\k)\p\B1\b a small cavity, pit, or hollow.\p\B2\b \IAnat\i any of the many tiny air sacs of the lungs which allow for rapid gaseous exchange.\p\B3\b \IAnat\i the bony socket for the root of a tooth.\p\B4\b the cell of a honeycomb. \Balveolate\b \K/al"vI\F'\nl\F'\nt/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, diminutive of \Ialveus\i 'cavity'\c
<hw>always</hw> \K/"O:lweIz/, /-Iz/\k \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b at all times; on all occasions \3(they are always late).\c\p\B2\b whatever the circumstances \3(I can always sleep on the floor).\c\p\B3\b repeatedly; often \3(they are always complaining).\c\p\B4\b for ever; for all time \3(he will always be a fool).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, probably distributive genitive from \J\Xall\x\j + \J\Xway\x\j + \J\X-'s\x (1)\j\c
<hw>alyssum</hw> \K/"alIs(\F'\n)m/, /\F'\n"lIs(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b a cruciferous plant of the genus \IAlyssum,\i widely cultivated and usu. having yellow or white flowers.\p\B2\b (in full \Bsweet alyssum)\b a small Mediterranean cruciferous plant, Lobularia maritima, with fragrant white flowers.\Ksense 2 new f. NSOED, Coll. Mar 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, from Greek \Ialusson\i\c
<hw>Alzheimer's disease</hw> \K/"altshVIm\F'\nz/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a serious disorder of the brain manifesting itself in premature senility. \BEtymology:\b \3named after A. \IAlzheimer,\i German neurologist (d. 1915), who first identified it\c
<hw>AM</hw> \Iabbr.\i\p\B1\b \IElectr\i amplitude modulation.\p\B2\b \BUS\b Master of Arts.\p\B3\b Member of the Order of Australia. \BEtymology:\b \3(sense 2) Latin \Iartium Magister\i\c
<hw>Am</hw> \Isymb.\i \IChem.\i the element americium.
<hw>am</hw> \I\I1st person sing. present\i of\i \J\Xbe\x.\j
<hw>a.m.</hw> \Iabbr.\i before noon. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iante meridiem\i\c
<hw>amadavat</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xavadavat\x.\j
<hw>amadou</hw> \K/"am\F'\ndu:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a spongy and combustible tinder prepared from dry fungi. \BEtymology:\b \3French from modern Provenτal, literally 'lover' (because quickly kindled) from Latin (as \J\Xamateur\x)\j\c
<hw>amah</hw> \K/"A:m\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnthropol\i (in the Far East and India) a nursemaid or maid. \BEtymology:\b \3Portuguese \Iama\i 'nurse'\c
<hw>amalgam</hw> \K/\F'\n"malg\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a mixture or blend.\p\B2\b \IChem Dentistry\i an alloy of mercury with one or more other metals, used esp. in dentistry. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via French \Iamalgame\i or medieval Latin \Iamalgama\i from Greek \Imalagma\i 'an emollient'\c
<hw>amalgamate</hw> \K/\F'\n"malg\F'\nmeIt/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr. & intr.\i combine or unite to form one structure, organization, etc.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \IChem\i (of metals) alloy with mercury. \Bamalgamation\b \K/-"meIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Iamalgamare amalgamat-\i (as \J\Xamalgam\x)\j\c
<hw>amanuensis</hw> \K/\F'\n%manjU"EnsIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bamanuenses\b \K/-si:z/\k)\p\B1\b a person who writes from dictation or copies manuscripts.\p\B2\b a literary assistant. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin from \I(servus)\i \Ia manu\i '(slave) at hand(writing), secretary' + \I-ensis\i 'belonging to'\c
<hw>amaranth</hw> \K/"am\F'\nranT/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBot\i any plant of the genus \IAmaranthus,\i usu. having small green, red, or purple tinted flowers, e.g. prince's feather.\p\B2\b an imaginary flower that never fades.\p\B3\b a purple colour. \Bamaranthine\b \K/am\F'\n"ranTVIn/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iamarante\i or modern Latin \Iamaranthus\i via Latin from Greek \Iamarantos\i 'everlasting', (as \J\Xa-\x (1)\j + \Imaraino\i 'wither'), alteration influenced by \Ipolyanthus\i etc.\c
<hw>amaretto</hw> \K/am\F'\n"rEt\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bamaretti\b \K/-ti/\k)\p\B1\b \IDrink\i an Italian almond-flavoured liqueur.\p\B2\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i Italian almond-flavoured biscuits.\Knew f. OERD, corpus Aug 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Italian, diminutive of \Iamaro\i 'bitter' (with reference to bitter almonds\c Care should be taken not to confuse \Iamaretto\i/\Iamaretti\i 'a liqueur; almond-flavoured biscuits' with \Iamoretto\i 'a Cupid'.
<hw>amaryllis</hw> \K/am\F'\n"rIlIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b a bulbous lily-like plant, Amaryllis belladonna, native to S. Africa, with white or rose-pink flowers; \Ialso called\i \Ibelladonna lily.\i\p\B2\b a related plant formerly of this genus, esp. one of the genus \IHippeastrum.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, from Greek \IAmarullis,\i a name for a country girl in pastoral poetry\c
<hw>amass</hw> \K/\F'\n"mas/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b gather or heap together.\p\B2\b accumulate (esp. riches). \Bamasser\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Iamasser\i or medieval Latin \Iamassare,\i ultimately from Latin \Imassa\i \J\Xmass\x\j\c
<hw>amateur</hw> \K/"am\F'\nt\F'\n/, /-tjU\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a person who engages in a pursuit (e.g. an art or sport) as a pastime rather than a profession. \Bb\b \Iderog.\i a person who does something unskilfully or amateurishly.\K1b new in COD9 f. Wordfinder Jul 93\k\p\B2\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i for or done by amateurs \3(amateur athletics).\c\p\B3\b \I(foll. by \Bof)\b\i a person who is fond of (a thing). \Bamateurism\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French, via Italian \Iamatore\i from Latin \Iamator -oris\i 'lover', from \Iamare\i 'love'\c
<hw>amateurish</hw> \K/"am\F'\nt\F'\nrIS/\k \Iadj.\i characteristic of an amateur, esp. \Iderog.\i one who is unskilful or inept. \Bamateurishly\b \Iadv.\i \Bamateurishness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>amatory</hw> \K/"am\F'\nt(\F'\n)ri/\k \Iadj.\i \ISex\i of or relating to sexual love or desire. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iamatorius,\i from \Iamare\i 'love'\c
<hw>amaurosis</hw> \K/amO:"r\F'\nUsIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed.\i partial or total loss of sight, from disease of the optic nerve, retina, spinal cord, or brain. \Bamaurotic\b \K/-"rQtIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from Greek, from \Iamauroo\i 'darken' from \Iamauros\i 'dim'\c
<hw>amaze</hw> \K/\F'\n"meIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bat,\b or \Bthat\b + clause, or \Bto\b + infin.)\i surprise greatly; overwhelm with wonder \3(am amazed at your indifference;\c \2was amazed to find them alive).\c \Bamazement\b\p\In.\i\p\Bamazing\b \Iadj.\i \Bamazingly\b \Iadv.\i \Bamazingness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iamasian,\i of uncertain origin\c
<hw>Amazon</hw> \K/"am\F'\nz(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMythol\i a member of a legendary race of female warriors in Scythia and elsewhere.\p\B2\b \B(amazon)\b a very tall, strong, or athletic woman. \BAmazonian\b \K/am\F'\n"z\F'\nUnI\F'\nn/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Latin from Greek: explained by the Greeks as 'breastless' (as if \J\Xa-\x (1)\j + \Imazos\i 'breast'), but probably of foreign origin\c
<hw>amazon ant</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i an ant of the genus \IPolyergus,\i which captures pupae of other ant species to raise as slaves.\Knew f. Collins, NSOED Mar 94\k
<hw>ambassador</hw> \K/am"bas\F'\nd\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IDiplomacy\i an accredited diplomat sent by a state on a mission to, or as its permanent representative in, a foreign country.\p\B2\b a representative or promoter of a specified thing \3(an ambassador of peace).\c \Bambassadorial\b \K/ambas\F'\n"dO:rI\F'\nl/, /am"bas-/\k \Iadj.\i \Bambassadorship\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via French \Iambassadeur\i from Italian \Iambasciator,\i ultimately from Latin \Iambactus\i 'servant'\c
<hw>ambassador-at-large</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b \IDiplomacy\i an ambassador with special duties, not appointed to a particular country.
<hw>ambassadress</hw> \K/am"bas\F'\ndrIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IDiplomacy\i\p\B1\b a female ambassador.\p\B2\b an ambassador's wife.
<hw>ambatch</hw> \K/"ambatS/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i an African tree, Aeschynomene elaphroxylon, with very light spongy wood. \BEtymology:\b \3Ethiopic\c
<hw>amber</hw> \K/"amb\F'\n/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \IMineral\i a yellowish translucent fossilized resin deriving from extinct (esp. coniferous) trees and used in jewellery. \Bb\b the honey-yellow colour of this.\p\B2\b \ITransport\i a cautionary yellow light, esp. a traffic light showing between green for 'go' and red for 'stop'. \Iadj.\i made of or coloured like amber. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iambre\i from Arabic '\Ianbar\i 'ambergris, amber'\c
<hw>ambergris</hw> \K/"amb\F'\ngrIs/, /-i:s/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiol\i a strong-smelling waxlike secretion of the intestine of the sperm whale, found floating in tropical seas and used in perfume manufacture. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, from Old French \Iambre gris\i 'grey' \J\Xamber\x\j\c
<hw>amberjack</hw> \K/"amb\F'\ndZak/\k\p\In.\i\p\Besp. N. Amer.\b \IZool\i any large brightly coloured marine fish of the genus \ISeriola\i found in tropical and subtropical Atlantic waters.
<hw>ambidextrous</hw> \K/ambI"dEkstr\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b able to use the right and left hands equally well.\p\B2\b working skilfully in more than one medium.\K-dexterous omitted Dec 93\k \Bambidexterity\b \K/-"stErIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bambidextrously\b \Iadv.\i \Bambidextrousness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Iambidexter,\i from Latin \Iambi-\i 'on both sides' + \Idexter\i 'right-handed'\c
<hw>ambience</hw> \K/"ambI\F'\nns/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the surroundings or atmosphere of a place.\p\B2\b \IElectronics Mus\i background noise added to a musical recording to give the impression that it was recorded live.\Ksense 2 new f. Incomings Feb 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xambient\x\j + \J\X-ence\x\j or French \Iambiance\i\c
<hw>ambient</hw> \K/"ambI\F'\nnt/\k \Iadj.\i surrounding; of the surroundings \3(ambient temperature).\c \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iambiant\i or Latin \Iambiens -entis,\i pres. part. of \Iambire\i 'go round'\c
<hw>ambient music</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMus\i background music used to create atmosphere.\Knew in COD9 f. corpus Feb 94\k
<hw>ambiguity</hw> \K/ambI"gju:Iti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b double meaning, either deliberate or caused by inexactness of expression \3(tried to avoid ambiguity in setting out the rules).\c \Bb\b an example of this.\p\B2\b an expression able to be interpreted in more than one way (e.g. \Idogs must be carried).\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, from Old French \IambiguitΘ\i or Latin \Iambiguitas\i (as \J\Xambiguous\x)\j\c
<hw>ambiguous</hw> \K/am"bIgjU\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b having an obscure or double meaning.\p\B2\b difficult to classify. \Bambiguously\b \Iadv.\i \Bambiguousness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iambiguus\i 'doubtful' from \Iambigere,\i from \Iambi-\i 'both ways' + \Iagere\i 'drive'\c
<hw>ambisonics</hw> \K/ambI"sQnIks/\k \In.pl.\i \I(treated as \Bsing.)\b\i \IElectr\i a system of high-fidelity sound reproduction designed to reproduce the directional and acoustic properties of the sound source using two or more channels. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iambi-\i 'on both sides' + \J\Xsonic\x\j\c
<hw>ambit</hw> \K/"ambIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the scope, extent, or bounds of something.\p\B2\b precincts or environs. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Iambitus\i 'circuit', from \Iambire:\i see \J\Xambient\x\j\c
<hw>ambition</hw> \K/am"bIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(often foll. by \Bto\b + infin.)\i\p\B1\b drive to succeed or progress \3(was full of ambition to succeed).\c\p\B2\b a strong desire or aspiration \3(her ambition to be a doctor;\c \2an ambition to visit Rome).\c\Ksense object of this determination omitted as archaic; sense 2 new f. corpus, SOED Apr 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Iambitio -onis,\i from \Iambire ambit-\i 'canvass for votes': see \J\Xambient\x\j\c
<hw>ambitious</hw> \K/am"bIS\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b full of ambition. \Bb\b showing ambition \3(an ambitious attempt).\c\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bof,\b or \Bto\b + infin.)\i strongly determined. \Bambitiously\b \Iadv.\i \Bambitiousness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iambitieux\i from Latin \Iambitiosus\i (as \J\Xambition\x)\j\c
<hw>ambivalence</hw> \K/am"bIv(\F'\n)l(\F'\n)ns/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bambivalency\b \K/-\F'\nnsi/\k) the coexistence in one person's mind of opposing feelings, esp. love and hate, in a single context. \Bambivalent\b \Iadj.\i \Bambivalently\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3German \IAmbivalenz\i from Latin \Iambo\i 'both', on the pattern of \I─quivalenz\i 'equivalence': cf. \J\Xequivalent\x\j\c
<hw>ambivert</hw> \K/"ambIv\F'\n:t/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPsychol.\i a person who fluctuates between being an introvert and an extrovert. \Bambiversion\b \K/ambI"v\F'\n:S(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iambi-\i 'on both sides' + \I-vert\i from Latin \Ivertere\i 'to turn', on the pattern of \J\Xextrovert\x,\j \J\Xintrovert\x\j\c
<hw>amble</hw> \K/"amb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.intr.\i\p\B1\b move at an easy pace, in a way suggesting an ambling horse.\p\B2\b \IRiding\i (of a horse etc.) move by lifting the two feet on one side together.\p\B3\b \IRiding\i ride an ambling horse; ride at an easy pace.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an easy pace.\p\B2\b \IRiding\i the gait of an ambling horse. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iambler\i from Latin \Iambulare\i 'walk'\c
<hw>amblyopia</hw> \K/amblI"\F'\nUpI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i dimness of vision without obvious defect or change in the eye. \Bamblyopic\b \K/-"QpIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Greek from \Iambluopos\i \I(adj.),\i from \Iamblus\i 'dull' + \Iops,\i \Iopos\i 'eye'\c
<hw>ambo</hw> \K/"amb\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os\b or \Bambones\b \K/-"b\F'\nUni:z/\k) \IRelig\i a stand for reading the lesson in an early Christian church etc. \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin from Greek \Iambon\i 'rim' (in medieval Greek = pulpit)\c
<hw>amboyna</hw> \K/am"bOIn\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i the decorative wood of the SE Asian tree Pterocarpus indicus. \BEtymology:\b \3named after \IAmboina\i Island in Indonesia\c
<hw>ambrosia</hw> \K/am"br\F'\nUzj\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMythol\i (in Greek and Roman mythology) the food of the gods; the elixir of life.\p\B2\b anything very pleasing to taste or smell.\p\B3\b \IZool\i \Ba\b a fungal product used as food by pinhole borers. \Bb\b = \J\Xbee-bread\x.\j \Bambrosial\b \Iadj.\i \Bambrosian\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin from Greek, = elixir of life, from \Iambrotos\i 'immortal'\c
<hw>ambrosia beetle</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a small beetle of the family Scolytidae or Platypodidae, whose larvae are pinhole borers.\Knew f. Collins, NSOED Mar 94\k
<hw>ambry</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xaumbry\x.\j
<hw>ambulance</hw> \K/"ambjUl(\F'\n)ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a vehicle specially equipped for conveying the sick or injured to and from hospital, esp. in emergencies.\p\B2\b \IMil\i a mobile hospital following an army. \BEtymology:\b \3French (as \J\Xambulant\x)\j\c
<hw>ambulance chaser</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b \Icolloq.\i \Iderog.\i\p\B1\b a lawyer who specializes in personal injury litigation.\p\B2\b a person seeking to profit from others' misfortunes.\Knew f. incomings, kpb Sep 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3from the reputation gained by certain lawyers for attending accidents and encouraging victims to sue\c
<hw>ambulance man</hw>\p\In.\i\p\I(fem.\i \Bambulance woman)\b a member of an ambulance crew.\Knew word in COD9 f. corpus, incomings, RL Jul 93\k
<hw>ambulant</hw> \K/"ambjUl(\F'\n)nt/\k \Iadj.\i \IMed.\i\p\B1\b (of a patient) able to walk about; not confined to bed.\p\B2\b (of treatment) not confining a patient to bed. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iambulare ambulant-\i 'walk'\c
<hw>ambulatory</hw> \K/"ambjUl\F'\nt(\F'\n)ri/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IMed\i = \J\Xambulant\x.\j\p\B2\b of or adapted for walking.\p\B3\b \Ba\b movable. \Bb\b not permanent.\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IRelig\i a place for walking, esp. an aisle or cloister in a church or monastery. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iambulatorius,\i from \Iambulare\i 'walk'\c
<hw>ambuscade</hw> \K/amb\F'\n"skeId/\k \In. & v.\i \IMil\i\p\In.\i\pan ambush.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i attack by means of an ambush.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i lie in ambush.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i conceal in an ambush. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iembuscade\i via Italian \Iimboscata\i or Spanish \Iemboscada\i from Latin \Iimboscare:\i see \J\Xambush\x,\j \J\X-ade\x (1)\j\c
<hw>ambush</hw> \K/"ambUS/\k \In. & v.\i \IMil\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a surprise attack by persons (e.g. troops) in a concealed position.\p\B2\b \Ba\b the concealment of troops etc. to make such an attack. \Bb\b the place where they are concealed. \Bc\b the troops etc. concealed. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b attack by means of an ambush.\p\B2\b lie in wait for. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, in the sense 'set (troops) to ambush': via Old French \Iembusche,\i \Iembuschier,\i from a Romanic form = 'put in a wood': related to \J\Xbush\x (1)\j\c
<hw>ameliorate</hw> \K/\F'\n"mi:lI\F'\nreIt/\k \Iv.tr. & intr.\i \Iformal\i make or become better; improve. \Bamelioration\b \K/\F'\n%mi:lI\F'\n"reIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bameliorative\b \Iadj.\i \Bameliorator\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3alteration of \J\Xmeliorate\x,\j influenced by French \IamΘliorer\i\c
<hw>amen</hw> \K/A:"mEn/, /eI-/\k \Iint. & n.\i \Iint.\i\p\B1\b \IRelig\i uttered at the end of a prayer or hymn etc., meaning 'so be it'.\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bto)\b\i expressing agreement or assent \3(amen to that).\c\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i an utterance of 'amen'. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English via ecclesiastical Latin and Greek from Hebrew '\Iamen\i 'certainly'\c
<hw>amenable</hw> \K/\F'\n"mi:n\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b responsive, tractable.\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i \ILaw\i (of a person) responsible to law.\p\B3\b \I(foll. by \Bto)\b\i (of a thing) subject or liable. \Bamenability\b \K/-"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bamenableness\b\p\In.\i\p\Bamenably\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Anglo-French \I(Law)\i via French \Iamener\i 'bring to' (as \J\Xa-\x (3)\j + \Imener\i 'bring') via Late Latin \Iminare\i 'drive (animals)' from Latin \Iminari\i 'threaten'\c
<hw>amend</hw> \K/\F'\n"mEnd/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b make minor improvements in (a text or a written proposal).\p\B2\b correct an error or errors in (a document).\p\B3\b make better; improve. \Bamendable\b \Iadj.\i \Bamender\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, from Old French \Iamender,\i ultimately from Latin \Iemendare\i \J\Xemend\x\j\c \IAmend\i should not be confused with \Iemend,\i a more technical word used in the context of textual correction.
\B\Iamende honorable\b\i \K/\F'\n%mQ~d QnO:"rA:b(\F'\n)l/, French /amA~d OnOrabl/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B\Iamendes honorables\b\i \Ipronunc.\i same) a public or open apology, often with some form of reparation. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = honourable reparation\c
<hw>amendment</hw> \K/\F'\n"mEn(d)m(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a minor improvement in a document (esp. a legal or statutory one).\p\B2\b an article added to the US Constitution. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xamend\x\j + \J\X-ment\x\j\c
<hw>amends</hw> \K/\F'\n"mEn(d)z/\k\p\In.\i\p\1make amends\c \I(often foll. by \Bfor)\b\i compensate or make up (for). \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iamendes\i 'penalties, fine', pl. of \Iamende\i 'reparation', from \Iamender\i \J\Xamend\x\j\c
<hw>amenity</hw> \K/\F'\n"mi:nIti/, /-"mEn-/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i a pleasant or useful feature.\p\B2\b pleasantness (of a place, person, etc.). \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \IamenitΘ\i or Latin \Iamoenitas,\i from \Iamoenus\i 'pleasant'\c
<hw>amenity bed</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IMed\i a bed available in a hospital to give more privacy for a small payment.
<hw>amenorrhoea</hw> \K/\F'\nmEn\F'\n"ri:\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Bamenorrhea)\b \IMed.\i an abnormal absence of menstruation. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xa-\x (1)\j + \J\Xmenorrhoea\x\j\c
<hw>ament</hw> \K/"eImEnt/, /\F'\n"mEnt/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bamentum\b \K/-t\F'\nm/\k) \I(pl.\i \Baments\b or \Bamenta\b \K/-t\F'\n/\k) \IBot.\i a catkin. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = thong\c
<hw>amentia</hw> \K/eI"mEnS\F'\n/, /\F'\n-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed.\i severe congenital mental handicap. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin from \Iamens ament-\i 'mad' (as \J\Xa-\x (1),\j \Imens\i 'mind')\c
<hw>Amerasian</hw> \K/am\F'\n"reIS(\F'\n)n/, /-Z(\F'\n)n/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IPeople\i \Iadj.\i of mixed American and Asian parentage.\p\In.\i\pan Amerasian person, esp. a child fathered by an American serviceman in Asia.\Knew word in COD9 f. NSOED, RL, DJT Jul 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3portmanteau word from \J\XAmerican\x\j + \J\XAsian\x\j\c
<hw>amerce</hw> \K/\F'\n"m\F'\n:s/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \ILaw\i punish by fine.\p\B2\b punish arbitrarily. \Bamercement\b\p\In.\i\p\Bamerciable\b \K/-sI\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English \Iamercy\i from Anglo-French \Iamercier\i from \Iα merci\i 'at (the) mercy'\c
<hw>American</hw> \K/\F'\n"mErIk(\F'\n)n/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of, relating to, or characteristic of the United States or its inhabitants.\p\B2\b \I(usu. in \Bcomb.)\b\i of or relating to the continents of America \3(Latin American).\c\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPeople\i a native or citizen of the United States.\p\B2\b \IPeople\i \I(usu. in \Bcomb.)\b\i a native or inhabitant of the continents of America \3(North Americans).\c\p\B3\b \ILanguage\i the English language as it is used in the United States. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \IAmericanus\i from \IAmerica,\i from the Latinized form of the name of \IAmerigo\i Vespucci, Italian navigator (d. 1512), who made several voyages to the New World\c
<hw>Americana</hw> \K/\F'\nmErI"kA:n\F'\n/\k \In.pl.\i things connected with America, esp. with the United States.
<hw>American dream</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ISociol\i the traditional social ideals of the American people, such as equality, democracy, and material prosperity.
<hw>American football</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ISport\i a kind of football played with an oval ball, evolved from rugby.
<hw>American Indian</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPeople\i a member of a group of indigenous peoples of N. and S. America and the Caribbean. The term \INative American\i is now often, though not universally, preferred.
<hw>Americanism</hw> \K/\F'\n"mErIk(\F'\n)nIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a word, sense, or phrase peculiar to or originating from the United States. \Bb\b a thing or feature characteristic of or peculiar to the United States.\p\B2\b attachment to or sympathy for the United States.
<hw>Americanize</hw> \K/\F'\n"mErIk(\F'\n)nVIz/\k\p\Iv.\i\p(also \B-ise)\b\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b make American in character. \Bb\b naturalize as an American.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i become American in character. \BAmericanization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>American Legion</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i (in the US) an association of ex-servicemen formed in 1919.
<hw>American plaice</hw> \Isee\i \J\Xplaice\x 2.\j\Knew as hwd Aug 94\k
<hw>American plan</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b \ICommerce\i a system of charging for a hotel room and meals \I(cf.\i \J\XEuropean plan\x).\j\Knew f. kpb Sep 94\k
<hw>americium</hw> \K/am\F'\n"rIsj\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i an artificially made transuranic radioactive metallic element (symbol \BAm).\b\Ksymb\k \BEtymology:\b \3\IAmerica\i (where it was first made) + \J\X-ium\x\j\c
<hw>Amerind</hw> \K/"am\F'\nrInd/\k \Iadj. & n.\i (also \BAmerindian\b \K/am\F'\n"rIndI\F'\nn/\k) = \J\XAmerican Indian\x.\j\KAmerindic omitted Dec 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3portmanteau word from \J\XAmerican\x\j + \J\XIndian\x\j\c
<hw>amethyst</hw> \K/"am\F'\nTIst/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMineral\i a precious stone of a violet or purple variety of quartz. \Bamethystine\b \K/-"TIsti:n/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iametiste\i and Latin \Iamethystus\i from Greek \Iamethustos\i 'not drunken', the stone being supposed to prevent intoxication\c
<hw>Amex</hw> \K/"amEks/\k \Iabbr.\i \IFinance\i\p\B1\b \Ipropr.\i American Express.\p\B2\b American Stock Exchange.\Knew word in COD9 f. NEWS, corpus, incomings, Ox.Dict. of Abbrevs Jul 93\k
<hw>Amharic</hw> \K/am"harIk/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\pthe official and commercial language of Ethiopia. \Iadj.\i of or relating to this language. \BEtymology:\b \3\IAmhara,\i Ethiopian province + \J\X-ic\x\j\c
<hw>amiable</hw> \K/"eImI\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i friendly and pleasant in temperament; likeable. \Bamiability\b \K/eImI\F'\n"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bamiableness\b\p\In.\i\p\Bamiably\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Late Latin \Iamicabilis\i 'amicable': the spelling from confusion with French \Iaimable\i 'lovable'\c
<hw>amianthus</hw> \K/amI"anT\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bamiantus\b \K/-t\F'\ns/\k) \IChem Mineral\i a fine silky-fibred variety of asbestos. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin from Greek \Iamiantos\i 'undefiled' from \Ia-\i 'not' + \Imiaino\i 'defile' (i.e. purified by fire, being incombustible): for \I-h-\i cf. \J\Xamaranth\x\j\c
<hw>amicable</hw> \K/"amIk\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i showing or done in a friendly spirit \3(an amicable meeting).\c \Bamicability\b \K/amIk\F'\n"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bamicableness\b\p\In.\i\p\Bamicably\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Iamicabilis,\i from Latin \Iamicus\i 'friend'\c
<hw>amice (1)</hw> \K/"amIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i a white linen cloth worn on the neck and shoulders by a priest celebrating the Eucharist. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via medieval Latin \Iamicia,\i \I-sia\i from Latin \Iamictus\i 'outer garment'\c
<hw>amice (2)</hw> \K/"amIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i a cap, hood, or cape worn by members of certain religious orders. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iaumusse\i from medieval Latin \Ialmucia\i etc., of unknown origin\c
<hw>amicus curiae</hw> \K/a%mVIk\F'\ns "kjU\F'\nrIi:/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bamici curiae\b \K/-si/\k) \ILaw\i an impartial adviser in a court of law.\Knaturalized in line with NSOED Jul 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin, = friend of the court\c
<hw>amid</hw> \K/\F'\n"mId/\k \Iprep.\i (also \Bamidst\b \K/\F'\n"mIdst/\k)\p\B1\b in the middle of.\p\B2\b in the course of. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English \Iamidde(s)\i (as \J\Xa\x (2)\j + \J\Xmid\x)\j\c
<hw>amide</hw> \K/"eImVId/, /"amVId/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i a compound formed from ammonia by replacement of one (or sometimes more than one) hydrogen atom by a metal or an acyl radical. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xammonia\x\j + \J\X-ide\x\j\c
<hw>amidships</hw> \K/\F'\n"mIdSIps/\k \Iadv.\i \B(US\b also \Bamidship)\b \INaut\i in or into the middle of a ship. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xmidship\x,\j influenced by \J\Xamid\x\j\c
<hw>amidst</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xamid\x.\j
<hw>amigo</hw> \K/\F'\n"mi:g\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b \Besp. N. Amer.\b \Icolloq.\i (often as a form of address) a friend or comrade, esp. in Spanish-speaking areas. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish\c
<hw>amine</hw> \K/"eImi:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i a compound formed from ammonia by replacement of one or more hydrogen atoms by an organic radical or radicals. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xammonia\x\j + \J\X-ine\x (4)\j\c
<hw>amino</hw> \K/\F'\n"mi:n\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(used \Battrib.)\b\i \IChem.\i the monovalent group -NH2. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xamine\x\j\c
<hw>amino acid</hw> \K/\F'\n%mi:n\F'\nU "asId/, /\F'\n%mVIn-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiochem.\i any of a group of simple organic compounds containing both the carboxyl (COOH) and amino (NH2) group, many occurring naturally in plant and animal tissues and forming the basic constituents of proteins.
<hw>amir</hw> \K/\F'\n"mi:\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bameer)\b \IAnthropol\i the title of some Arab rulers. \BEtymology:\b \3Arabic '\Iamir\i 'commander' from \Iamara\i 'command': cf. \J\Xemir\x\j\c
<hw>Amish</hw> \K/"amIS/, /"A:-/, /"eI-/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i \IRelig\i belonging to a strict US Mennonite sect. \In.pl.\i \I(prec. by \Bthe)\b\i the members of this sect.\Kn. new f. Incomings Apr. 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3probably from German \IAmisch,\i from J. \IAmen\i 17th-c. Swiss Mennonite preacher\c
<hw>amiss</hw> \K/\F'\n"mIs/\k \Iadj. & adv.\i \Ipredic.adj.\i wrong; out of order; faulty \3(knew something was amiss).\c \Iadv.\i wrong; wrongly; inappropriately \3(everything went amiss).\c\p\1take amiss\c be offended by \3(took my words amiss).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, probably from Old Norse \Iα mis\i 'so as to miss', from \Iα\i 'on' + \Imis\i related to \J\Xmiss\x (1)\j\c
<hw>amitosis</hw> \K/amI"t\F'\nUsIs/, /eImVI-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiol.\i a form of nuclear division that does not involve mitosis. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xa-\x (1)\j + \J\Xmitosis\x\j\c
<hw>amitriptyline</hw> \K/amI"trIptIli:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPharm.\i an antidepressant drug that has a mild tranquillizing action. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xamine\x\j + \J\Xtri-\x\j + \Iheptyl\i (see \J\Xheptane\x)\j + \J\X-ine\x (4)\j\c
<hw>amity</hw> \K/"amIti/\k\p\In.\i\pfriendship; friendly relations. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \IamitiΘ,\i ultimately from Latin \Iamicus\i 'friend'\c
<hw>ammeter</hw> \K/"amIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IElectr\i an instrument for measuring electric current in amperes. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xampere\x\j + \J\X-meter\x\j\c
<hw>ammonia</hw> \K/\F'\n"m\F'\nUnI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i\p\B1\b a colourless gas with a characteristic pungent smell. Chem. formula: NH3.\Kformula\k\p\B2\b (in general use) a strongly alkaline solution of ammonia gas in water. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from \J\Xsal ammoniac\x\j\c
<hw>ammoniacal</hw> \K/am\F'\n(U)"nVI\F'\nk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \IChem\i of, relating to, or containing ammonia or sal ammoniac. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English \Iammoniac\i via Old French and Latin from Greek \Iammoniakos\i 'of Ammon', used as a noun for the salt and gum obtained near the temple of Jupiter Ammon (the Greek name for the Egyptian deity Amen) at Siwain Egypt (cf. \J\Xsal ammoniac\x)\j\c
<hw>ammoniated</hw> \K/\F'\n"m\F'\nUnIeItId/\k \Iadj.\i \IChem\i combined or treated with ammonia.
<hw>ammonite</hw> \K/"am\F'\nnVIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool Geol\i an extinct cephalopod mollusc of the order Ammonoidea, with a flat coiled spiral shell found as a fossil. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \Iammonites,\i from medieval Latin \Icornu Ammonis\i 'horn of Ammon' (see \J\Xammoniacal\x),\j from the fossil's resemblance to the ram's horn associated with Ammon\c
<hw>ammonium</hw> \K/\F'\n"m\F'\nUnI\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i the monovalent ion NH4+, formed from ammonia. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin (as \J\Xammonia\x)\j\c
<hw>ammunition</hw> \K/amjU"nIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMil\i a supply of projectiles (esp. bullets, shells, and grenades).\p\B2\b points used or usable to advantage in an argument. \BEtymology:\b \3obsolete French \Iamunition,\i corruption of \I(la)\i \Imunition\i '(the) \J\Xmunition\x\j'\c
<hw>amnesia</hw> \K/am"ni:zj\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a partial or total loss of memory. \Bamnesiac\b \K/-zIak/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bamnesic\b \Iadj. & n.\i \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from Greek, = forgetfulness\c
<hw>amnesty</hw> \K/"amnIsti/\k \In. & v.\i \IPolit\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b a general pardon, esp. for political offences. \Iv.tr.\i \B(-ies,\b \B-ied)\b grant an amnesty to. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iamnestie,\i or Latin from Greek \Iamnestia\i 'oblivion'\c
<hw>Amnesty International</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i an independent international organization in support of human rights, esp. for prisoners of conscience.
<hw>amnio</hw> \K/"amnI\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b \IMed.\i \Icolloq.\i amniocentesis.\Knew word in COD9 f. Nexis, incomings Jul 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation\c
<hw>amniocentesis</hw> \K/%amnI\F'\nUsEn"ti:sIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bamniocenteses\b \K/-si:z/\k) \IMed.\i the sampling of amniotic fluid by insertion of a hollow needle into the uterus to determine the condition of a foetus. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xamnion\x\j + Greek \Ikentesis\i 'pricking', from \Ikento\i 'to prick'\c
<hw>amnion</hw> \K/"amnI\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bamnia)\b \IZool.\i & \IPhysiol.\i the innermost membrane that encloses the embryo of a reptile, bird, or mammal. \Bamniotic\b \K/amnI"QtIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Greek, = caul (diminutive of \Iamnos\i 'lamb')\c
<hw>amniote</hw> \K/"amnI\F'\nUt/\k \In. & adj.\i \IZool.\i\p\In.\i\pan animal whose embryo develops in an amnion. \Iadj.\i of or relating to such animals.\Knew f. Collins, NSOED Mar 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3back-formation from \J\Xamniotic\x\j (see \J\Xamnion\x)\j\c
<hw>amniotic fluid</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAnat\i the fluid surrounding a foetus within the amnion.\Knew f. NSOED Apr 94\k
<hw>amoeba</hw> \K/\F'\n"mi:b\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b also \Bameba)\b \I(pl.\i \Bamoebas\b or \Bamoebae\b \K/-bi:/\k) \IBiol Zool\i any usu. aquatic protozoan of the genus \IAmoeba,\i esp. A. proteus, capable of changing shape. \Bamoebic\b \Iadj.\i \Bamoeboid\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin, from Greek \Iamoibe\i 'change'\c
<hw>amoebiasis</hw> \K/ami:"bVI\F'\nsIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Bamebiasis)\b \I(pl.\i \Bamoebiases)\b \IMed.\i infection with amoebas, esp. as causing dysentery.\Knew f. incomings, NSOED Mar 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xamoeba\x\j + \J\X-asis\x\j\c
<hw>amoebic dysentery</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b also \Bamebic dysentery)\b \IMed\i dysentery caused by infection of the gut with certain amoebae.\Knew f. Collins, NSOED Nov 93\k
<hw>amok</hw> \K/\F'\n"mQk/\k \Iadv.\i (also \Bamuck\b \K/\F'\n"mVk/\k)\p\1run amok\c run about wildly in an uncontrollable violent rage. \BEtymology:\b \3Malay \Iamok\i 'rushing in a frenzy'\c
<hw>among</hw> \K/\F'\n"mVN/\k \Iprep.\i (also \Besp. Brit.\b \Bamongst\b \K/\F'\n"mVNst/\k, \Ipoet.\i \B'mongst\b \K/mVNst/\k)\p\B1\b surrounded by; in the company of \3(lived among the trees;\c \2be among friends).\c\p\B2\b in the number of \3(among us were those who disagreed).\c\p\B3\b an example of; in the class or category of \3(is among the richest men alive).\c\p\B4\b \Ba\b between; within the limits of (collectively or distributively); shared by \3(had ú5 among us;\c \2divide it among you).\c \Bb\b by the joint action or from the joint resources of \3(among us we can manage it).\c\p\B5\b with one another; by the reciprocal action of \3(was decided among the participants;\c \2talked among themselves).\c\p\B6\b as distinguished from; pre-eminent in the category of \3(she is one among many).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iongemang,\i (as \J\XA\x (2)\j + \Igemang\i 'assemblage'): \I-st\i = adverbial genitive \I-s\i + \I-t\i as in \J\Xagainst\x\j\c
<hw>amontillado</hw> \K/\F'\nmQntI"lA:d\F'\nU/, /-"ljA:-/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b \IDrink\i a medium dry sherry. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish, from \IMontilla\i in Spain + \I-ado\i = \J\X-ate\x (2)\j\c
<hw>amoral</hw> \K/eI"mQr(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b not concerned with or outside the scope of morality \I(cf.\i \J\Ximmoral\x).\j\p\B2\b having no moral principles. \Bamoralism\b\p\In.\i\p\Bamoralist\b\p\In.\i\p\Bamorality\b \K/-"ralIti/\k\p\In.\i\p
\B\Iamoretto\b\i \K/am\F'\n"rEt\F'\nU/, Italian /amo"retto/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B\Iamoretti\b\i \K/-ti:/\k) a Cupid. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian, diminutive of \Iamore\i 'love', from Latin \Iamor\i\c See Usage Note at \J\Xamaretto\x.\j
<hw>amorist</hw> \K/"am\F'\nrIst/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISex Literature\i a person who professes or writes of (esp. sexual) love. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iamor\i or French \Iamour\i + \J\X-ist\x\j\c
<hw>amoroso (1)</hw> \K/am\F'\n"r\F'\nUz\F'\nU/\k \Iadv. & adj.\i \IMus.\i in a loving or tender manner. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian\c
<hw>amoroso (2)</hw> \K/am\F'\n"r\F'\nUz\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b \IDrink\i a full rich type of sherry. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish, = amorous\c
<hw>amorous</hw> \K/"am(\F'\n)r\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b showing, feeling, or inclined to sexual love.\p\B2\b of or relating to sexual love. \Bamorously\b \Iadv.\i \Bamorousness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French and medieval Latin \Iamorosus\i from Latin \Iamor\i 'love'\c
<hw>amorphous</hw> \K/\F'\n"mO:f\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b shapeless.\p\B2\b vague, ill-organized.\p\B3\b \IMineral.\i & \IChem.\i non-crystalline; having neither definite form nor structure. \Bamorphously\b \Iadv.\i \Bamorphousness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Iamorphus\i from Greek \Iamorphos\i 'shapeless' (as \J\Xa-\x (1)\j + \Imorphe\i 'form')\c
<hw>amortize</hw> \K/\F'\n"mO:tVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b \ICommerce\i\p\B1\b gradually extinguish (a debt) by money regularly put aside.\p\B2\b gradually write off the initial cost of (assets).\p\B3\b \Ihist.\i transfer (land) to a corporation in mortmain. \Bamortization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iamortir\i (stem \Iamortiss-),\i ultimately from Latin \Iad\i 'to' + \Imors mort-\i 'death'\c
<hw>amount</hw> \K/\F'\n"maUnt/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\pa quantity, esp. the total of a thing or things in number, size, value, extent, etc. \3(a large amount of money;\c \2came to a considerable amount).\c\Kthe full effect or significance omitted Dec 93\k \Iv.intr.\i \I(foll. by \Bto)\b\i be equivalent to in number, size, significance, etc. \3(amounted to ú100;\c \2amounted to a disaster).\c\p\1any amount of\c a great deal of.\p\1no amount of\c not even the greatest possible amount of. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iamunter\i from \Iamont\i 'upward', literally 'uphill', from Latin \Iad montem\i\c
<hw>amour</hw> \K/\F'\n"mU\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pa love affair, esp. a secret one. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = love, from Latin \Iamor amoris\i\c
\B\Iamour propre\b\i \K/a%mU\F'\n "prQpr(\F'\n)/, French /amur prOpr/\k\p\In.\i\pself-respect. \BEtymology:\b \3French\c
<hw>amp (1)</hw> \K/amp/\k\p\In.\i\p\IElectr.\i an ampere. \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation\c
<hw>amp (2)</hw> \K/amp/\k\p\In.\i\p\IElectr\i \Icolloq.\i an amplifier. \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation\c
<hw>ampelopsis</hw> \K/ampI"lQpsIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i same) \IBot\i any plant of the genus \IAmpelopsis\i or \IParthenocissus,\i usu. a climber supporting itself by twining tendrils, e.g. Virginia creeper. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from Greek \Iampelos\i 'vine' + \Iopsis\i 'appearance'\c
<hw>amperage</hw> \K/"amp(\F'\n)rIdZ/\k\p\In.\i\p\IElectr.\i the strength of an electric current in amperes.
<hw>ampere</hw> \K/"ampE:/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISci\i \IElectr.\i the SI base unit of electric current (symbol \BA).\b\Ksymb\k \BEtymology:\b \3named after A. M. \IAmpΦre,\i French physicist d. 1836\c
<hw>ampersand</hw> \K/"amp\F'\nsand/\k\p\In.\i\pthe sign & (= \Iand,\i Latin \Iet).\i \BEtymology:\b \3corruption of \Iand per se and\i ('&' by itself is 'and'), chanted as an aid to learning the sign\c
<hw>amphetamine</hw> \K/am"fEt\F'\nmi:n/, /-In/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPharm\i a synthetic drug used esp. as a stimulant. \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation of chemical name \Ia\ilpha-\Im\iethyl \Iphe\ine\It\ihyl\Iamine\i\c
<hw>amphi-</hw> \K/"amfi/\k \Icomb. form\i\p\B1\b both.\p\B2\b of both kinds.\p\B3\b on both sides.\p\B4\b around. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek\c
<hw>amphibian</hw> \K/am"fIbI\F'\nn/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b living both on land and in water.\p\B2\b \IZool.\i of or relating to the class Amphibia.\p\B3\b (of a vehicle) able to operate on land and water.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool.\i any vertebrate of the class Amphibia, with a life history of an aquatic gill-breathing larval stage followed by a terrestrial lung-breathing adult stage, including frogs, toads, newts, and salamanders.\p\B2\b (in general use) a creature living both on land and in water.\p\B3\b an amphibian vehicle. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \Iamphibium\i from Greek \Iamphibion,\i from \J\Xamphi-\x\j + \Ibios\i 'life'\c
<hw>amphibious</hw> \K/am"fIbI\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b living both on land and in water.\p\B2\b of or relating to or suited for both land and water.\p\B3\b \IMil.\i \Ba\b (of a military operation) involving forces landed from the sea. \Bb\b (of forces) trained for such operations.\p\B4\b having a twofold nature; occupying two positions. \Bamphibiously\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>amphibole</hw> \K/"amfIb\F'\nUl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMineral.\i any of a class of rock-forming silicate and aluminosilicate minerals with fibrous or columnar crystals.\Knew f. Collins, NSOED Mar 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3French from Latin \Iamphibolus\i 'ambiguous', so called because of the varied structure of these minerals\c
<hw>amphibolite</hw> \K/am"fIb\F'\nlVIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeol.\i a granular metamorphic rock consisting mainly of hornblende and plagioclase.\Knew f. NSOED Apr 94\k
<hw>amphibology</hw> \K/amfI"bQl\F'\ndZi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b a quibble.\p\B2\b an ambiguous wording. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French and Late Latin from Latin, from Greek \Iamphibolia\i 'ambiguity'\c
<hw>amphimixis</hw> \K/amfI"mIksIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiol.\i true sexual reproduction with the fusion of gametes from two individuals \I(cf.\i \J\Xapomixis\x).\j \Bamphimictic\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin (as \J\Xamphi-\x\j + Greek \Imixis\i 'mingling')\c
<hw>amphioxus</hw> \K/amfI"Qks\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i any lancelet of the genus \IBranchiostoma\i (formerly \IAmphioxus).\i \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin (as \J\Xamphi-\x\j + Greek \Ioxus\i 'sharp')\c
<hw>amphipathic</hw> \K/amfI"paTIk/\k \Iadj.\i \IChem.\i\p\B1\b (of a molecule) having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts.\p\B2\b consisting of such molecules. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xamphi-\x\j + Greek \Ipathikos\i (as \J\Xpathos\x)\j\c
<hw>amphipod</hw> \K/"amfIpQd/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i any crustacean of the largely marine order Amphipoda, having a laterally compressed abdomen with two kinds of limb, e.g. the freshwater shrimp (Gammarus pulex). \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xamphi-\x\j + Greek \Ipous podos\i 'foot'\c
<hw>amphiprostyle</hw> \K/am"fIpr\F'\nstVIl/\k \In. & adj.\i \IArchit\i\p\In.\i\pa classical building with a portico at each end. \Iadj.\i of or in this style. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iamphiprostylus\i from Greek \Iamphiprostulos\i (as \J\Xamphi-\x,\j \Iprostulos\i \J\Xprostyle\x)\j\c
<hw>amphisbaena</hw> \K/amfIs"bi:n\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMythol.\i & \Ipoet.\i a fabulous serpent with a head at each end.\p\B2\b \IZool.\i a burrowing wormlike lizard of the genus \IAmphisbaena,\i having no apparent division of head from body, making both ends look similar. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Latin from Greek \Iamphisbaina,\i from \Iamphis\i 'both ways' + \Ibaino\i 'go'\c
<hw>amphitheatre</hw> \K/"amfITi:\F'\nt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Bamphitheater)\b\p\B1\b a round, usu. unroofed building with tiers of seats surrounding a central space.\p\B2\b a semicircular gallery in a theatre.\p\B3\b a large circular hollow.\p\B4\b the scene of a contest. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iamphitheatrum\i from Greek \Iamphitheatron\i (as \J\Xamphi-\x,\j \J\Xtheatre\x)\j\c
<hw>amphora</hw> \K/"amf(\F'\n)r\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bamphorae\b \K/-ri:/\k or \Bamphoras)\b a Greek or Roman vessel with two handles and a narrow neck. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, from Greek \Iamphoreus\i\c
<hw>amphoteric</hw> \K/amf\F'\n"tErIk/\k \Iadj.\i \IChem.\i able to react as a base and an acid. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iamphoteros,\i comparative of \Iampho\i 'both'\c
<hw>ampicillin</hw> \K/ampI"sIlIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPharm.\i a semi-synthetic penicillin used esp. in treating infections of the urinary and respiratory tracts. \BEtymology:\b \3\Iam\iino + \Ip\ien\Iicillin\i\c
<hw>ample</hw> \K/"amp(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \B(ampler,\b \Bamplest)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b plentiful, abundant, extensive. \Bb\b \Ieuphem.\i (esp. of a person) large, stout.\p\B2\b enough or more than enough. \Bampleness\b\p\In.\i\p\Bamply\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French, from Latin \Iamplus\i\c
<hw>amplifier</hw> \K/"amplIfVI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IElectronics\i\p\B1\b an electronic device for increasing the strength of electrical signals, used esp. in sound reproduction.\p\B2\b this combined with a loudspeaker and used to amplify musical instruments etc.\Ksense 2 new f.DJT, corpus Aug 94\k
<hw>amplify</hw> \K/"amplIfVI/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B(-ies,\b \B-ied)\b\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \IElectr\i increase the volume or strength of (sound, electrical signals, etc.).\p\B2\b \Itr.\i enlarge upon or add detail to (a story etc.).\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i expand what is said or written. \Bamplification\b \K/-fI"keIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iamplifier\i from Latin \Iamplificare\i (as \J\Xample\x,\j \J\X-fy\x)\j\c
<hw>amplitude</hw> \K/"amplItju:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \IPhysics\i the maximum extent of a vibration or oscillation from the position of equilibrium. \Bb\b \IElectr.\i the maximum departure of the value of an alternating current or wave from the average value.\p\B2\b \Ba\b spaciousness, breadth; wide range. \Bb\b abundance. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iamplitude\i or Latin \Iamplitudo\i (as \J\Xample\x)\j\c
<hw>amplitude modulation</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IElectr.\i the modulation of a wave by variation of its amplitude, esp. as a means of carrying an audio signal by radio (abbr. \BAM).\b\Kabbr\k
<hw>ampoule</hw> \K/"ampu:l/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Besp. US\b \Bampul\b or \Bampule\b \K/"ampju:l/\k) \IMed\i a small capsule in which measured quantities of liquids or solids, esp. for injecting, are sealed ready for use. \BEtymology:\b \3French, from Latin \J\Xampulla\x\j\c
<hw>ampulla</hw> \K/am"pUl\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bampullae\b \K/-li:/\k)\p\B1\b \Ba\b a Roman globular flask with two handles. \Bb\b a vessel for sacred uses.\p\B2\b \IAnat.\i \IZool\i the dilated end of a vessel or duct. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin\c
<hw>amputate</hw> \K/"ampjUteIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i \ISurgery\i cut off by surgical operation (a part of the body, esp. a limb), usu. because of injury or disease. \Bamputation\b \K/-"teIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bamputator\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iamputare,\i from \Iamb-\i 'about' + \Iputare\i 'prune'\c
<hw>amputee</hw> \K/ampjU"ti:/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISurgery\i a person who has lost a limb etc. by amputation.
<hw>amtrac</hw> \K/"amtrak/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bamtrak)\b \BUS\b \IMil\i an amphibious tracked vehicle used for landing assault troops on a shore. \BEtymology:\b \3\Iam\iphibious + \Itrac\itor\c
<hw>amu</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IChem Physics\i atomic mass unit.
<hw>amuck</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xamok\x.\j
<hw>amulet</hw> \K/"amjUlIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an ornament or small piece of jewellery worn as a charm against evil.\p\B2\b something which is thought to give such protection. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iamuletum,\i of unknown origin\c
<hw>amuse</hw> \K/\F'\n"mju:z/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b cause (a person) to laugh or smile.\p\B2\b \I(also \Brefl.;\b\i \Ioften foll. by \Bwith,\b \Bby)\b\i interest or occupy; keep (a person) entertained. \Bamusing\b \Iadj.\i \Bamusingly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iamuser\i 'cause to muse'(see \J\Xmuse\x (2))\j from causal, \Ia\i 'to' + \Imuser\i 'stare'\c
<hw>amusement</hw> \K/\F'\n"mju:zm(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b something that amuses, esp. a pleasant diversion, game, or pastime.\p\B2\b \Ba\b the state of being amused. \Bb\b the act of amusing.\p\B3\b \BBrit.\b a mechanical device (e.g. a roundabout) for entertainment at a fairground etc. \BEtymology:\b \3French from \Iamuser:\i see \J\Xamuse\x,\j \J\X-ment\x\j\c
<hw>amusement arcade</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b an indoor area for entertainment with automatic game machines.
<hw>amusement park</hw>\p\In.\i\pa large outdoor area with fairground amusements etc.\Knew f. corpus Dec 93\k
<hw>amygdaloid</hw> \K/\F'\n"mIgd\F'\nlOId/\k \Iadj.\i shaped like an almond. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iamygdala,\i from Greek \Iamugdale\i 'almond'\c
<hw>amygdaloid nucleus</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAnat\i a roughly almond-shaped mass of grey matter deep inside each cerebral hemisphere, associated with the sense of smell.
<hw>amyl</hw> \K/"eImVIl/, /"amIl/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(used \Battrib.)\b\i \IChem.\i the monovalent group C5H11-, derived from pentane. \IAlso called\i \Ipentyl.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iamylum\i 'starch'\c
<hw>amylase</hw> \K/"amIleIz/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiochem.\i an enzyme that converts starch and glycogen into simple sugars. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xamyl\x\j + \J\X-ase\x\j\c
<hw>amyloid</hw> \K/"amIlOId/\k \In. & adj.\i \IMed.\i \IBiochem\i\p\In.\i\pa glycoprotein deposited in connective tissue in certain diseases. \Iadj.\i of or involving this substance.\Knew f. Collins, NSOED Mar 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xamyl\x\j + \J\X-oid\x\j\c
<hw>amylopsin</hw> \K/amI"lQpsIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiochem.\i a digestive enzyme, secreted by the pancreas, that converts starch into maltose. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xamyl\x,\j on the pattern of \Ipepsin\i\c
<hw>Amytal</hw> \K/"amIt(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPharm\i \Ipropr.\i a barbiturate drug used as a sedative and a hypnotic. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xamyl\x\j + \J\Xbarbital\x\j\c
<hw>an</hw> \K/an/, /\F'\nn/\k \Idet.\i the form of the indefinite article (see \J\Xa\x (1))\j used before words beginning with a vowel sound \3(an egg;\c \2an hour;\c \2an MP).\c Some people retain the use of \Ian\i before words beginning with a sounded \Ih\i e.g. \Ian hotel,\i \Ian historian.\i Historically this was justifiable because the \Ih-\i was dropped in these words, but today this is not the case and \Ia hotel,\i \Ia historian\i are now the preferred forms.
<hw>an- (2)</hw> \K/\F'\nn/, /an/\k \Iassim. form of\i \J\Xad-\x\j before\p\In.\i\p
<hw>-an</hw> \Isuffix\i\p\B1\b \K/(\F'\n)n/\k (also \B-ean,\b \B-ian)\b forming adjectives and nouns, esp. from names of places, systems, zoological classes or orders, and founders \3(Mexican;\c \2Anglican;\c \2crustacean;\c \2European;\c \2Lutheran;\c \2Georgian;\c \2theologian).\c\p\B2\b \K/an/\k \IChem.\i forming names of organic compounds \3(dextran).\c\Ksense 2 new f. SOED Aug 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3ultimately from Latin adjectival endings -\I(i)anus,\i \I-aeus:\i cf. Greek \I-aios,\i \I-eios\i\c
<hw>ana</hw> \K/"A:n\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \I(treated as \Bpl.)\b\i anecdotes or literary gossip about a person.\p\B2\b \I(treated as \Bsing.)\b\i a collection of a person's memorable sayings. \BEtymology:\b \3= \J\X-ana\x\j\c
<hw>ana-</hw> \K/"an\F'\n/\k \Iprefix\i (usu. \Ban-\b before a vowel)\p\B1\b up \3(anadromous).\c\p\B2\b back \3(anamnesis).\c\p\B3\b again \3(anabaptism).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iana\i 'up'\c
<hw>-ana</hw> \K/"A:n\F'\n/\k \Isuffix\i forming plural nouns meaning 'things associated with' \3(Victoriana;\c \2Americana).\c \BEtymology:\b \3neut. pl. of Latin adjectival ending -\Ianus\i\c
<hw>Anabaptism</hw> \K/an\F'\n"baptIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i the doctrine that baptism should only be administered to believing adults. \BAnabaptist\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3ecclesiastical Latin \Ianabaptismus\i from Greek \Ianabaptismos\i (as \J\Xana-\x,\j \J\Xbaptism\x)\j\c
<hw>anabas</hw> \K/"an\F'\nbas/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i = \J\Xclimbing perch\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from Greek, past part. of \Ianabaino\i 'walk up'\c
<hw>anabasis</hw> \K/a"nab\F'\nsIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Banabases\b \K/-si:z/\k)\p\B1\b the march of Cyrus the Younger into Asia in 401 bc as narrated by Xenophon in his work \IAnabasis.\i\p\B2\b \IMil\i a military up-country march. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek, = ascent, from \Ianabaino\i (as \J\Xana-\x,\j \Ibaino\i 'go')\c
<hw>anabatic</hw> \K/an\F'\n"batIk/\k \Iadj.\i \IMeteorol.\i (of a wind) caused by local upward motion of warm air \I(cf.\i \J\Xkatabatic\x).\j \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ianabatikos\i 'ascending' (as \J\Xanabasis\x)\j\c
<hw>anabiosis</hw> \K/an\F'\nbVI"\F'\nUsIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiol.\i\p\B1\b a temporary state of suspended animation or greatly reduced metabolism.\p\B2\b the ability to revive from this. \Banabiotic\b \K/-"QtIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin from Greek \Ianabiosis,\i from \Ianabioo\i 'return to life'\c
<hw>anabolic</hw> \K/an\F'\n"bQlIk/\k \Iadj.\i \IBiochem.\i of or relating to anabolism.
<hw>anabolic steroid</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i \ISport\i a synthetic steroid hormone used to increase muscle size.
<hw>anabolism</hw> \K/a"nab\F'\nlIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiochem.\i the synthesis of complex molecules in living organisms from simpler ones together with the storage of energy; constructive metabolism \I(opp.\i \J\Xcatabolism\x).\j \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ianabole\i 'ascent' (as \J\Xana-\x,\j \Iballo\i 'throw')\c
<hw>anabranch</hw> \K/"an\F'\nbrA:n(t)S/\k\p\In.\i\p\Besp. Austral.\b \IGeog\i a stream that leaves a river and re-enters it lower down. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xanastomose\x\j + \J\Xbranch\x\j\c
<hw>anachronism</hw> \K/\F'\n"nakr\F'\nnIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the attribution of a custom, event, etc. to a period to which it does not belong. \Bb\b a thing attributed in this way.\p\B2\b \Ba\b anything out of harmony with its period. \Bb\b an old-fashioned or out-of-date person or thing. \Banachronistic\b \K/-"nIstIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Banachronistically\b \K/-"nIstIk(\F'\n)li/\k \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ianachronisme\i or Greek \Ianakhronismos\i (as \J\Xana-\x,\j \Ikhronos\i 'time')\c
<hw>anacoluthon</hw> \K/an\F'\nk\F'\n"lu:TQn/, /-T(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Banacolutha\b \K/-T\F'\n/\k) \IGram\i a sentence or construction which lacks grammatical sequence (e.g. \Iwhile in the garden the door banged shut).\i \Banacoluthic\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin, from Greek \Ianakolouthon\i (as \J\Xan-\x (1),\j \Iakolouthos\i 'following')\c
<hw>anaconda</hw> \K/an\F'\n"kQnd\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a S. American boa of the genus \IEunectes,\i esp. the very large semiaquatic E. murinus. \BEtymology:\b \3alteration of Latin \Ianacandaia\i 'python' from Sinhalese \Ihenakandaya\i 'whip snake', from \Ihena\i 'lightning' + \Ikanda\i 'stem': originally the name of a snake in Sri Lanka\c
<hw>anacreontic</hw> \K/\F'\nnakrI"QntIk/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\IProsody\i a poem written after the manner of Anacreon, a Greek lyric poet (d. 478 bc). \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b after the manner of Anacreon.\p\B2\b convivial and amatory in tone. \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Ianacreonticus\i from Greek \IAnakreon\i\c
<hw>anacrusis</hw> \K/an\F'\n"kru:sIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Banacruses\b \K/-si:z/\k)\p\B1\b \IProsody\i (in poetry) an unstressed syllable at the beginning of a verse.\p\B2\b \IMus.\i an unstressed note or notes before the first bar line. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from Greek \Ianakrousis\i 'prelude' (as \J\Xana-\x,\j \Ikrousis\i from \Ikrouo\i 'strike')\c
<hw>anadromous</hw> \K/\F'\n"nadr\F'\nm\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i \IZool\i (of a fish, e.g. the salmon) that swims up a river from the sea to spawn \I(opp.\i \J\Xcatadromous\x).\j \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ianadromos\i (as \J\Xana-\x,\j \Idromos\i 'running')\c
<hw>anaemia</hw> \K/\F'\n"ni:mI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Banemia)\b \IMed\i a deficiency in the blood, usu. of red cells or their haemoglobin, resulting in pallor and weariness. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from Greek \Ianaimia\i (as \J\Xan-\x (1),\j \J\X-aemia\x)\j\c
<hw>anaemic</hw> \K/\F'\n"ni:mIk/\k \Iadj.\i \B(US\b \Banemic)\b \IMed\i\p\B1\b relating to or suffering from anaemia.\p\B2\b pale; lacking in vitality.
<hw>anaerobe</hw> \K/"an\F'\nr\F'\nUb/, /\F'\n"nE:r\F'\nUb/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiol\i an organism that grows without air, or requires oxygen-free conditions to live. \Banaerobic\b \K/anE:"r\F'\nUbIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \IanaΘrobie\i (as \J\Xan-\x (1)\j + \J\Xaerobe\x)\j\c
<hw>anaesthesia</hw> \K/anIs"Ti:zj\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Banesthesia)\b the absence of sensation, esp. artificially induced insensitivity to pain, usu. achieved by the administration of gases or the injection of drugs. \Banaesthesiology\b \K/-"Ql\F'\ndZi/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from Greek \Ianaisthesia\i (as \J\Xan-\x (1),\j \Iaisthesis\i 'sensation')\c
<hw>anaesthetic</hw> \K/anIs"TEtIk/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \B(US\b \Banesthetic)\b \IMed\i\p\In.\i\pa substance that produces insensibility to pain etc. \Iadj.\i producing partial or complete insensibility to pain etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ianaisthetos\i 'insensible' (as \J\Xanaesthesia\x)\j\c
<hw>anaesthetist</hw> \K/\F'\n"ni:sT\F'\ntIst/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a specialist in the administration of anaesthetics.
<hw>anaesthetize</hw> \K/\F'\n"ni:sT\F'\ntVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise,\b \BUS\b \Banesthetize)\b\p\B1\b \IMed\i administer an anaesthetic to.\p\B2\b deprive of physical or mental sensation. \Banaesthetization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>anaglyph</hw> \K/"an\F'\nglIf/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPhotog.\i a composite stereoscopic photograph printed in superimposed complementary colours.\p\B2\b an embossed object cut in low relief. \Banaglyphic\b \K/-"glIfIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ianagluphe\i (as \J\Xana-\x,\j \Igluphe\i from \Iglupho\i 'carve')\c
<hw>Anaglypta</hw> \K/an\F'\n"glIpt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBuilding\i \Ipropr.\i a type of thick embossed wallpaper, usu. for painting over. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ianaglypta\i 'work in low relief': cf. \J\Xanaglyph\x\j\c
<hw>anagram</hw> \K/"an\F'\ngram/\k\p\In.\i\pa word or phrase formed by transposing the letters of another word or phrase. \Banagrammatic\b \K/-gr\F'\n"matIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Banagrammatical\b \K/-gr\F'\n"matIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Banagrammatize\b \K/-"gram\F'\ntVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise).\b \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ianagramme\i or modern Latin \Ianagramma,\i from Greek \J\Xana-\x\j + \Igramma -atos\i 'letter': cf. \J\X-gram\x\j\c
<hw>anal</hw> \K/"eIn(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \IAnat\i relating to or situated near the anus. \Banally\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \Ianalis\i (as \J\Xanus\x)\j\c
<hw>analects</hw> \K/"an\F'\nlEkts/\k \In.pl.\i (also \Banalecta\b \K/an\F'\n"lEkt\F'\n/\k) a collection of short literary extracts. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin from Greek \Ianalekta\i 'things gathered', from \Ianalego\i 'pick up'\c
<hw>analeptic</hw> \K/an\F'\n"lEptIk/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IPharm\i \Iadj.\i (of a drug etc.) restorative.\p\In.\i\pa restorative medicine or drug. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ianaleptikos\i from \Ianalambano\i 'take back'\c
<hw>analgesia</hw> \K/an(\F'\n)l"dZi:zj\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i the absence or relief of pain. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from Greek, = painlessness\c
<hw>analogize</hw> \K/\F'\n"nal\F'\ndZVIz/\k\p\Iv.\i\p(also \B-ise)\b\p\B1\b \Itr.\i represent or explain by analogy.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i use analogy.
<hw>analogous</hw> \K/\F'\n"nal\F'\ng\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i\p\B1\b partially similar or parallel; showing analogy.\p\B2\b \IBiol.\i performing a similar function but having a different evolutionary origin \I(opp.\i \J\Xhomologous\x 2).\j \Banalogously\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ianalogus\i from Greek \Ianalogos\i 'proportionate'\c \IAnalogous\i means 'similar in certain respects'. It should not be used as a mere synonym for \Isimilar.\i
<hw>analogue</hw> \K/"an\F'\nlQg/\k \In. & adj.\i \B(US\b also \Banalog)\b\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an analogous or parallel thing.\p\B2\b \IChem.\i a compound with a molecular structure closely similar to that of another.\p\B3\b \IFood\i a synthetic food product resembling a natural food in taste and texture. \Iadj.\i (usu. \Banalog)\b\p\B1\b \IElectronics Computing\i relating to or using signals or information represented by a continuously variable quantity such as spatial position, voltage, etc.\p\B2\b (of a watch etc.) showing the time by means of hands or a pointer rather than displayed digits. \ICf.\i \J\Xdigital\x \Iadj.\i 2.\j\Kentry remodelled on SOED, sense 2 + 3 of n. new Jul 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3French from Greek \Ianalogon\i neut. adj.: see \J\Xanalogous\x\j\c
<hw>analogy</hw> \K/\F'\n"nal\F'\ndZi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bto,\b \Bwith,\b \Bbetween)\b\i correspondence or partial similarity.\p\B2\b \ILogic\i a process of arguing from similarity in known respects to similarity in other respects.\p\B3\b \IPhilol.\i the imitation of existing words in forming inflections or constructions of others, without the existence of corresponding intermediate stages.\p\B4\b \IBiol.\i the resemblance of function between organs essentially different.\p\B5\b an analogue. \Banalogical\b \K/an\F'\n"lQdZIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Banalogically\b \K/an\F'\n"lQdZIk(\F'\n)li/\k \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ianalogie\i or Latin \Ianalogia\i 'proportion', from Greek (as \J\Xanalogous\x)\j\c
<hw>anal-retentive</hw> \Iadj.\i \IPsychol\i (of a person) excessively orderly and fussy (supposedly owing to conflict over toilet-training in infancy). \Banal retention\b\p\In.\i\p\Banal retentiveness\b\p\In.\i\p\Ka. retention and retentiveness new f. incomings, corpus Jul 93\k
<hw>analysand</hw> \K/\F'\n"nalIsand/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPsychol\i a person undergoing psychoanalysis.
<hw>analyse</hw> \K/"an(\F'\n)lVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(US\b \Banalyze)\b\p\B1\b examine in detail the constitution or structure of.\p\B2\b \IChem.\i ascertain the constituents of (a sample of a mixture or compound).\p\B3\b find or show the essence or structure of (a book, music, etc.).\p\B4\b \IGram.\i resolve (a sentence) into its grammatical elements.\p\B5\b \IPsychol\i psychoanalyse. \Banalysable\b \Iadj.\i \Banalyser\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3obsolete \Ianalyse\i \I(n.)\i or French \Ianalyser\i \I(v.),\i from medieval Latin \J\Xanalysis\x\j\c
<hw>analysis</hw> \K/\F'\n"nalIsIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Banalyses\b \K/-si:z/\k)\p\B1\b \Ba\b a detailed examination of the elements or structure of a substance etc. \Bb\b a statement of the result of this.\p\B2\b \Ba\b \IChem.\i the determination of the constituent parts of a mixture or compound. \Bb\b the act or process of breaking something down into its constituent parts.\K2b new in COD9 f. Wordfinder Jul 93\k\p\B3\b \IPsychol\i psychoanalysis.\p\B4\b \IMath.\i the use of algebra and calculus in problem-solving.\p\B5\b \ICricket\i a statement of the performance of a bowler, usu. giving the numbers of overs and maiden overs bowled, runs conceded, and wickets taken.\p\1in the final (or last or ultimate) analysis\c after all due consideration; in the end. \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin from Greek \Ianalusis\i (as \J\Xana-\x,\j \Iluo\i 'set free')\c
<hw>analyst</hw> \K/"an(\F'\n)lIst/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IChem Computing\i a person skilled in (esp. chemical) analysis.\p\B2\b \IPsychol\i a psychoanalyst. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ianalyste\i\c
<hw>analytic</hw> \K/an\F'\n"lItIk/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of or relating to analysis.\p\B2\b \IPhilol.\i analytical.\p\B3\b \ILogic\i (of a statement etc.) such that its denial is self-contradictory; true by definition (cf. \J\Xsynthetic\x \Iadj.\i 3).\j \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin, from Greek \Ianalutikos\i (as \J\Xanalysis\x)\j\c
<hw>analytical</hw> \K/an\F'\n"lItIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b using analytic methods.\p\B2\b \IPhilol.\i using separate words instead of inflections \I(cf.\i \J\Xsynthetic\x \Iadj.\i 4).\j \Banalytically\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>analytical geometry</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IGeom\i geometry using coordinates.
<hw>anamnesis</hw> \K/an\F'\nm"ni:sIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Banamneses\b \K/-si:z/\k)\p\B1\b \IMed\i recollection (esp. of a supposed previous existence).\p\B2\b \IMed\i a patient's account of his or her medical history.\p\B3\b \IEccl.\i the part of the anaphora recalling the Passion, Resurrection, and Ascension of Christ. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek, = remembrance\c
<hw>anamorphosis</hw> \K/an\F'\n"mO:f\F'\nsIs/\k\p\In.\i\pa distorted projection or drawing which appears normal when viewed from a particular point or in a suitable mirror. \Banamorphic\b \Iadj.\i\Knew f. Collins, NSOED Mar 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ianamorphosis\i 'transformation'\c
<hw>anandrous</hw> \K/\F'\n"nandr\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i \IBot.\i having no stamens. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ianandros\i 'without males' (as \J\Xan-\x (1)\j + \Ianer andros\i 'male')\c
<hw>anapaest</hw> \K/"an\F'\npi:st/, /-pEst/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Banapest)\b \IProsody\i a foot consisting of two short or unstressed syllables followed by one long or stressed syllable. \Banapaestic\b \K/-"pi:stIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ianapaestus\i from Greek \Ianapaistos\i 'reversed' (because the reverse of a dactyl)\c
<hw>anaphase</hw> \K/"an\F'\nfeIz/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiol.\i the stage of meiotic or mitotic cell division when the chromosomes move away from one another to opposite poles of the spindle. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xana-\x\j + \J\Xphase\x\j\c
<hw>anaphora</hw> \K/\F'\n"naf(\F'\n)r\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IRhet.\i the repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses.\p\B2\b \IGram.\i the use of a word referring to or replacing a word used earlier in a sentence, to avoid repetition (e.g. \Ido\i in \II like it and so do they).\i\p\B3\b \IEccl.\i the part of the Eucharist which contains the consecration, anamnesis, and Communion. \Banaphoric\b \K/an\F'\n"fQrIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin from Greek, = repetition (as \J\Xana-\x,\j \Iphero\i 'to bear')\c
<hw>anaphrodisiac</hw> \K/\F'\nnafr\F'\n"dIzIak/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IMed\i \Iadj.\i tending to reduce sexual desire.\p\In.\i\pan anaphrodisiac drug.
<hw>anaphylaxis</hw> \K/an\F'\nfI"laksIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed.\i an extreme, often life-threatening reaction to an antigen, e.g. to a bee sting, due to hypersensitivity following an earlier dose. \Banaphylactic\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from French \Ianaphylaxie\i (as \J\Xana-\x\j + Greek \Iphulaxis\i 'guarding')\c
<hw>anaptyxis</hw> \K/an\F'\np"tIksIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhonet.\i the insertion of a vowel between two consonants to aid pronunciation (as in \Iwent thataway).\i \Banaptyctic\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from Greek \Ianaptuxis\i (as \J\Xana-\x,\j \Iptusso\i 'fold')\c
<hw>anarchism</hw> \K/"an\F'\nkIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i the doctrine that all government should be abolished. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ianarchisme\i (as \J\Xanarchy\x)\j\c
<hw>anarchist</hw> \K/"an\F'\nkIst/\k \In. & adj.\i \IPolit.\i\p\In.\i\pan advocate of anarchism or of political disorder. \Iadj.\i relating to anarchism or its advocates.\Kadj. new f. OERD, Inc., corpus, April 94\k \Banarchistic\b \K/-"kIstIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ianarchiste\i (as \J\Xanarchy\x)\j\c
<hw>anarchy</hw> \K/"an\F'\nki/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b disorder, esp. political or social.\p\B2\b lack of government in a society. \Banarchic\b \K/\F'\n"nA:kIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Banarchical\b \K/\F'\n"nA:kIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Banarchically\b \K/\F'\n"nA:kIk(\F'\n)li/\k \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin from Greek \Ianarkhia\i (as \J\Xan-\x (1),\j \Iarkhe\i 'rule')\c
<hw>anastigmat</hw> \K/\F'\n"nastIgmat/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i a lens or lens system made free from astigmatism by correction. \BEtymology:\b \3German from \Ianastigmatisch\i \J\Xanastigmatic\x\j\c
<hw>anastigmatic</hw> \K/an\F'\nstIg"matIk/\k \Iadj.\i \IPhysics\i (of a lens) free from astigmatism. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xan-\x (1)\j + \J\Xastigmatic\x\j (see \J\Xastigmatism\x)\j\c
<hw>anastomose</hw> \K/\F'\n"nast\F'\nm\F'\nUz/\k \Iv.intr.\i link by anastomosis. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ianastomoser\i (as \J\Xanastomosis\x)\j\c
<hw>anastomosis</hw> \K/\F'\nnast\F'\n"m\F'\nUsIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Banastomoses\b \K/-si:z/\k) a cross-connection of arteries, branches, rivers, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from Greek, from \Ianastomoo\i 'provide with a mouth' (as \J\Xana-\x,\j \Istoma\i 'mouth')\c
<hw>anastrophe</hw> \K/\F'\n"nastr\F'\nfi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRhet.\i the inversion of the usual order of words or clauses. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ianastrophe\i 'turning back' (as \J\Xana-\x,\j \Istrepho\i 'to turn')\c
<hw>anathema</hw> \K/\F'\n"naT\F'\nm\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Banathemas)\b\p\B1\b a detested thing or person \3(is anathema to me).\c\p\B2\b \IRelig\i \Ba\b a curse of the Church, excommunicating a person or denouncing a doctrine. \Bb\b a cursed thing or person. \Bc\b a strong curse. \BEtymology:\b \3ecclesiastical Latin, = excommunicated person, excommunication, from Greek \Ianathema\i 'thing devoted', (later) 'accursed thing', from \Ianatithemi\i 'set up'\c
<hw>anathematize</hw> \K/\F'\n"naT\F'\nm\F'\ntVIz/\k \Iv.tr. & intr.\i (also \B-ise)\b curse. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IanathΘmatiser\i via Latin \Ianathematizare\i from Greek \Ianathematizo\i (as \J\Xanathema\x)\j\c
<hw>anatomical</hw> \K/an\F'\n"tQmIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IAnat\i of or relating to anatomy.\p\B2\b of or relating to bodily structure. \Banatomically\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ianatomique\i or Late Latin \Ianatomicus\i (as \J\Xanatomy\x)\j\c
<hw>anatomist</hw> \K/\F'\n"nat\F'\nmIst/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnat\i a person skilled in anatomy. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ianatomiste\i or medieval Latin \Ianatomista\i (as \J\Xanatomize\x)\j\c
<hw>anatomize</hw> \K/\F'\n"nat\F'\nmVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b\p\B1\b examine in detail.\p\B2\b \IAnat\i dissect. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ianatomiser\i or medieval Latin \Ianatomizare,\i from \Ianatomia\i (as \J\Xanatomy\x)\j\c
<hw>anatomy</hw> \K/\F'\n"nat\F'\nmi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IAnat\i\p\B1\b the science of the bodily structure of animals and plants.\p\B2\b this structure.\p\B3\b \Icolloq.\i a human body.\p\B4\b analysis.\p\B5\b the dissection of the human body, animals, or plants. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ianatomie\i or Late Latin \Ianatomia,\i from Greek (as \J\Xana-\x,\j \J\X-tomy\x)\j\c
<hw>ANC</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IPolit\i African National Congress.
<hw>-ance</hw> \K/(\F'\n)ns/\k \Isuffix\i forming nouns expressing:\p\B1\b a quality or state or an instance of one \3(arrogance;\c \2protuberance;\c \2relevance;\c \2resemblance).\c\p\B2\b an action \3(assistance;\c \2furtherance;\c \2penance).\c \BEtymology:\b \3from or on the pattern of French \I-ance,\i from Latin \I-antia,\i \I-entia\i (cf. \J\X-ence\x),\j from pres. part. stem \I-ant-,\i \I-ent-\i\c
<hw>ancestor</hw> \K/"ansEst\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(fem.\i \Bancestress\b \K/-strIs/\k)\p\B1\b any (esp. remote) person from whom one is descended.\p\B2\b \IBiol\i an early type of animal or plant from which others have evolved.\p\B3\b an early prototype or forerunner \3(ancestor of the computer).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iancestre\i from Latin \Iantecessor -oris,\i from \Iantecedere\i (as \J\Xante-\x,\j \Icedere cess-\i 'go')\c
<hw>ancestral</hw> \K/an"sEstr(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i belonging to or inherited from one's ancestors. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iancestrel\i (as \J\Xancestor\x)\j\c
<hw>ancestry</hw> \K/"ansEstri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b one's (esp. remote) family descent.\p\B2\b one's ancestors collectively. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English alteration of Old French \Iancesserie\i (as \J\Xancestor\x)\j\c
<hw>anchor</hw> \K/"aNk\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \INaut\i a metal device designed to dig into the seabed and moor a ship when lowered from it on a long chain.\p\B2\b a thing affording stability.\p\B3\b a source of confidence.\p\B4\b \IBroadcasting Sport\i = \J\Xanchorperson\x.\j\Ksense 4 new in COD9 f. Incomings Feb 94\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \INaut Aeron\i secure (a ship) by means of an anchor.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i fix firmly.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i \INaut\i cast anchor.\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i \INaut\i be moored by means of an anchor.\p\1at anchor\c \INaut\i moored by means of an anchor.\p\1cast (or come to) anchor\c \INaut\i let down the anchor.\p\1weigh anchor\c \INaut\i take up the anchor. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iancor\i via Latin \Ianchora\i from Greek \Iagkura\i\c
<hw>anchorage</hw> \K/"aNk(\F'\n)rIdZ/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \INaut\i a place where a ship may be anchored.\p\B2\b \INaut\i the act of anchoring or lying at anchor.\p\B3\b anything dependable.
<hw>anchorite</hw> \K/"aNk\F'\nrVIt/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Banchoret\b \K/-rIt/\k) \I(fem.\i \Banchoress\b \K/-rIs/\k)\p\B1\b \IRelig\i a hermit; a religious recluse.\p\B2\b a person of secluded habits. \Banchoretic\b \K/-"rEtIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Banchoritic\b \K/-"rItIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via medieval Latin \Ianc(h)orita,\i ecclesiastical Latin \Ianchoreta\i from ecclesiastical Greek \Ianakhoretes,\i from \Ianakhoreo\i 'retire'\c
<hw>anchorman</hw> \K/"aNk\F'\nm\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-men;\b \Ifem.\i \Banchorwoman,\b \Ipl.\i \B-women)\b\p\B1\b \IBroadcasting\i a person who coordinates activities, esp. as compΦre in a broadcast.\p\B2\b \ISport\i a person who plays a crucial part, esp. at the back of a tug-of-war team or as the last runner in a relay race.\K-woman new f. SOED Jul 93\k
<hw>anchorperson</hw> \K/"aNk\F'\np\F'\n:s(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Banchorpersons\b or \Banchorpeople)\b \IBroadcasting Sport\i an anchorman or anchorwoman (used as a neutral alternative).\Knew in COD9 f. SOED, corpus Feb 94\k
<hw>anchor plate</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBuilding\i a heavy piece of timber or metal, e.g. as support for suspension bridge cables.
<hw>anchoveta</hw> \K/antS\F'\n"vEt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a small Pacific anchovy caught for use as bait or to make fishmeal. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish, diminutive of \Ianchova:\i cf. \J\Xanchovy\x\j\c
<hw>anchovy</hw> \K/"antS\F'\nvi/, /an"tS\F'\nUvi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IZool\i any of various small silvery fish of the herring family, usu. preserved in salt and oil and having a strong taste. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish & Portuguese \Iancho(v)a,\i of uncertain origin\c
<hw>anchovy pear</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a W. Indian fruit like a mango.
<hw>anchovy toast</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i toast spread with paste made from anchovies.
<hw>anchusa</hw> \K/\F'\nN"kju:z\F'\n/, /an"tSu:z\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i any plant of the genus \IAnchusa,\i akin to borage. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin from Greek \Iagkhousa\i\c
\B\Iancien rΘgime\b\i \K/%QnsI\F'\nn reI"Zi:m/, French /A~sjE~ reZim/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B\Ianciens rΘgimes\b\i \Ipronunc.\i same) \IPolit\i\p\B1\b the political and social system in France before the Revolution of 1789.\p\B2\b any superseded regime. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = old rule\c
<hw>ancient (1)</hw> \K/"eInS(\F'\n)nt/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of long ago.\p\B2\b having lived or existed long.\p\In.\i\p\Iarchaic\i an old man.\p\1the ancients\c \IPeople\i the people of ancient times, esp. the Greeks and Romans. \Bancientness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Anglo-French \Iauncien\i from Old French \Iancien,\i ultimately from Latin \Iante\i 'before'\c
<hw>ancient (2)</hw> \K/"eInS(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\Iarchaic\i = \J\Xensign\x 1, 2.\j \BEtymology:\b \3corruption of form \Iensyne\i etc. by association with \Iancien\i = \J\Xancient\x (1)\j\c
<hw>ancient history</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IHist.\i the history of the ancient civilizations of the Mediterranean area and the Near East before the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476.\p\B2\b something already long familiar.
<hw>ancient lights</hw> \In.pl.\i \BBrit.\b a window that a neighbour may not deprive of light by erecting a building.
<hw>anciently</hw> \K/"eInS(\F'\n)ntli/\k \Iadv.\i long ago.
<hw>ancient monument</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b an old building etc. preserved usu. under Government control.
<hw>ancient world</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAntiq Hist\i the region around the Mediterranean and the Near East before the fall of the Roman Empire in ad 476.\Knew f. OERD, Inc., corpus april 94\k
<hw>ancillary</hw> \K/an"sIl\F'\nri/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b (of a person, activity, or service) providing essential support to a central service or industry, esp. the medical service.\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i subordinate, subservient.\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b an ancillary worker.\p\B2\b something which is ancillary; an auxiliary or accessory. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iancillaris,\i from \Iancilla\i 'maidservant'\c
<hw>ancon</hw> \K/"aNkQn/, /-k(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bancones\b \K/aN"k\F'\nUni:z/\k) \IArchit.\i\p\B1\b a console, usu. of two volutes, supporting or appearing to support a cornice.\p\B2\b each of a pair of projections on either side of a block of stone etc. for lifting or repositioning. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, from Greek \Iagkon\i 'elbow'\c
<hw>-ancy</hw> \K/(\F'\n)nsi/\k \Isuffix\i forming nouns denoting a quality \3(constancy;\c \2relevancy)\c or state \3(expectancy;\c \2infancy)\c \I(cf.\i \J\X-ance\x).\j \BEtymology:\b \3from or on the pattern of Latin \I-antia:\i cf. \J\X-ency\x\j\c
<hw>and</hw> \K/\F'\nnd/, /(\F'\n)n/, /and/\k \Iconj.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b connecting words, clauses, or sentences, that are to be taken jointly \3(cakes and buns;\c \2white and brown bread;\c \2buy and sell;\c \2two hundred and forty).\c \Bb\b implying progression \3(better and better).\c \Bc\b implying causation \3(do that and I'll hit you;\c \2she hit him and he cried).\c \Bd\b implying great duration \3(he cried and cried).\c \Be\b implying a great number \3(miles and miles).\c \Bf\b implying addition \3(two and two are four).\c \Bg\b implying variety \3(there are books and books).\c \Bh\b implying succession \3(walking two and two).\c\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i to \3(try and open it).\c\p\B3\b in relation to \3(Britain and the EEC).\c\p\1and/or\c \ILaw Commerce\i either or both of two stated possibilities (usually restricted to legal and commercial use). \BEtymology:\b \3Old English\c
<hw>-and</hw> \K/and/\k \Isuffix\i forming nouns meaning 'a person or thing to be treated in a specified way' \3(analysand;\c \2ordinand).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Latin gerundive ending \I-andus\i\c
<hw>Andalusian</hw> \K/and\F'\n"lu:zj\F'\nn/, /-sj\F'\nn/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IPeople Language\i \Iadj.\i of or relating to Andalusia in southern Spain, its inhabitants, or its language.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a native or inhabitant of Andalusia.\p\B2\b the variety of Spanish spoken in Andalusia.\Knew word in COD9 f. corpus, NSOED Jul 93\k
<hw>andante</hw> \K/an"danti/\k \Iadv., adj., & n.\i \IMus.\i \Iadv. & adj.\i in a moderately slow tempo.\p\In.\i\pan andante passage or movement. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian, pres. part. of \Iandare\i 'go'\c
<hw>andantino</hw> \K/andan"ti:n\F'\nU/\k \Iadv., adj., & n.\i \IMus.\i \Iadv. & adj.\i rather quicker (originally slower) than andante.\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b an andantino passage or movement. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian, diminutive of \J\Xandante\x\j\c
<hw>Andean</hw> \K/"andI\F'\nn/\k \Iadj.\i of or relating to the region of the Andes, a high mountain range in western S. America.\Knew f. corpus, SOED April 94\k
<hw>Andean condor</hw> \Isee\i \J\Xcondor\x 1.\j
<hw>andesite</hw> \K/"andIzVIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeol\i a fine-grained brown or greyish intermediate volcanic rock. \BEtymology:\b \3named after the \IAndes\i mountain chain in S. America (where it is found) + \J\X-ite\x (1)\j\c
<hw>andiron</hw> \K/"andVI\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\pa metal stand (usu. one of a pair) for supporting burning wood in a fireplace; a firedog. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iandier,\i of unknown origin: assimilated to \J\Xiron\x\j\c
<hw>androecium</hw> \K/an"dri:sj\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bandroecia\b \K/-sI\F'\n/\k) \IBot.\i the stamens taken collectively. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin, from Greek \Iandro-\i 'male' + \Ioikion\i 'house'\c
<hw>androgen</hw> \K/"andr\F'\ndZ(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiochem\i any of a group of male sex hormones, esp testosterone, involved in developing and maintaining certain male sexual characteristics. \Bandrogenic\b \K/-"dZEnIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iandro-\i 'male' + \J\X-gen\x\j\c
<hw>androgyne</hw> \K/"andr\F'\ndZVIn/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IBiol\i \Iadj.\i = \J\Xandrogynous\x.\j\p\In.\i\pan androgynous person. \BEtymology:\b \3Old French \Iandrogyne\i or Latin \Iandrogynus,\i from Greek \Iandrogunos\i \I(aner andros\i 'male', \Igune\i 'woman')\c
<hw>androgynous</hw> \K/an"drQdZIn\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b having a partly male, partly female appearance; of ambiguous gender.\p\B2\b \IBot.\i with stamens and pistils in the same flower or inflorescence.\p\B3\b \IBiol\i = \J\Xhermaphrodite\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3as \J\Xandrogyne\x\j\c
<hw>android</hw> \K/"andrOId/\k\p\In.\i\pa robot with a human appearance. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iandro-\i 'male, man' + \J\X-oid\x\j\c
<hw>-androus</hw> \K/"andr\F'\ns/\k \Icomb. form\i \IBot.\i forming adjectives meaning 'having specified male organs or stamens' \3(monandrous).\c \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from Greek \I-andros,\i from \Ianer andros\i 'male' + \J\X-ous\x\j\c
<hw>-ane (1)</hw> \K/eIn/\k \Isuffix\i \Ivar. of\i \J\X-an\x;\j usu. with distinction of sense \3(germane; humane; urbane)\c but sometimes with no corresponding form in \I-an\i \3(mundane).\c
<hw>-ane (2)</hw> \K/eIn/\k \Isuffix\i \IChem.\i forming names of saturated hydrocarbons \3(methane;\c \2propane).\c \BEtymology:\b \3on the pattern of \I-ene,\i \I-ine,\i etc.\c
<hw>anecdotage</hw> \K/"anIkd\F'\nUtIdZ/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ijoc.\i garrulous old age.\p\B2\b anecdotes. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xanecdote\x\j + \J\X-age\x:\j sense 1 \J\Xdotage\x\j\c
<hw>anecdote</hw> \K/"anIkd\F'\nUt/\k\p\In.\i\pa short account (or painting etc.) of an entertaining or interesting incident. \Banecdotal\b \K/-"d\F'\nUt(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Banecdotalist\b \K/-"d\F'\nUt(\F'\n)lIst/\k\p\In.\i\p\Banecdotic\b \K/-"dQtIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Banecdotist\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French or modern Latin, from Greek \Ianekdota\i 'things unpublished' (as \J\Xan-\x (1),\j \Iekdotos\i from \Iekdidomi\i 'publish')\c
<hw>anechoic</hw> \K/anI"k\F'\nUIk/\k \Iadj.\i free from echo.
<hw>anele</hw> \K/\F'\n"ni:l/\k \Iv.tr.\i \IRelig\i \Iarchaic\i anoint, esp. in extreme unction. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from \J\Xan-\x (2)\j + \Ielien,\i from Old English \Iele\i 'oil' from Latin \Ioleum\i\c
<hw>anemograph</hw> \K/\F'\n"nEm\F'\ngrA:f/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMeteorol\i an instrument for recording on paper the direction and force of the wind. \Banemographic\b \K/-"grafIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ianemos\i 'wind' + \J\X-graph\x\j\c
<hw>anemometer</hw> \K/anI"mQmIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMeteorol\i an instrument for measuring or indicating the force of the wind. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ianemos\i 'wind' + \J\X-meter\x\j\c
<hw>anemometry</hw> \K/anI"mQmItri/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMeteorol\i the measurement of the force of the wind. \Banemometric\b \K/-m\F'\n"mEtrIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ianemos\i 'wind' + \J\X-metry\x\j\c
<hw>anemone</hw> \K/\F'\n"nEm\F'\nni/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b any plant of the genus \IAnemone,\i akin to the buttercup, with flowers of various vivid colours.\p\B2\b \IZool\i = \J\Xsea anemone\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3Latin from Greek \Ianemone\i 'windflower', from \Ianemos\i 'wind'\c
<hw>anent</hw> \K/\F'\n"nEnt/\k \Iprep.\i \Iarchaic\i or \BSc.\b or \BN. Amer.\b concerning. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ion efen\i 'in line with, in company with'\c
<hw>aneroid</hw> \K/"an\F'\nrOId/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IPhysics Meteorol\i \Iadj.\i (of a barometer) that measures air pressure by its action on the elastic lid of an evacuated box.\p\In.\i\pan aneroid barometer. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IanΘro∩de\i (as \J\Xa-\x (1)\j + Greek \Ineros\i 'water')\c
<hw>anesthesia</hw> etc. \BUS\b \Ivar. of\i \J\Xanaesthesia\x\j etc.
<hw>aneurysm</hw> \K/"anjUrIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Baneurism)\b \IMed\i an excessive localized enlargement of an artery. \Baneurysmal\b \K/-"rIzm(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i (also \Baneurismal).\b \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ianeurusma\i from \Ianeuruno\i 'widen out', from \Ieurus\i 'wide'\c
<hw>anew</hw> \K/\F'\n"nju:/\k \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b again.\p\B2\b in a different way. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, from \J\Xa-\x (4)\j + \J\Xnew\x\j\c
<hw>anfractuosity</hw> \K/\F'\nnfraktjU"QsIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b circuitousness.\p\B2\b intricacy. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IanfractuositΘ\i via Late Latin \Ianfractuosus\i from Latin \Ianfractus\i 'a bending'\c
<hw>angary</hw> \K/"aNg\F'\nri/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i the right of a belligerent (subject to compensation for loss) to seize or destroy neutral property under military necessity. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iangarie,\i via Italian or Latin \Iangaria\i 'forced service' from Greek \Iaggareia,\i from \Iaggaros\i 'courier'\c
<hw>angel</hw> \K/"eIndZ(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IRelig\i \Ba\b an attendant or messenger of God. \Bb\b a conventional representation of this in human form with wings. \Bc\b an attendant spirit \3(evil angel;\c \2guardian angel).\c \Bd\b a member of the lowest order of the ninefold celestial hierarchy (see \J\Xorder\x\p\In.\i\p19).\j\p\B2\b \Ba\b a very virtuous person. \Bb\b an obliging person \3(be an angel and answer the door).\c\p\B3\b a messenger or bringer of something \3(angel of death;\c \2angel of mercy).\c\Ksense 3 new in COD9 f. corpus, COD box Jul 93\k\p\B4\b \ICurrency\i an old English coin bearing the figure of the archangel Michael piercing the dragon.\p\B5\b \ICommerce\i \Islang\i a financial backer of an enterprise, esp. in the theatre.\p\B6\b \IPhysics\i an unexplained radar echo. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iengel\i or Old French \Iangele,\i via ecclesiastical Latin \Iangelus\i from Greek \Iaggelos\i 'messenger'\c
<hw>angel cake</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bangel food cake)\b \ICookery\i a very light sponge cake of flour and egg whites and no fat.
<hw>angel dust</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Islang\i the hallucinogenic drug phencyclidine hydrochloride.
<hw>Angeleno</hw> \K/andZ\F'\n"li:n\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p(in full \BLos Angeleno\b \K/lQs/\k) \I(pl.\i \B-os)\b \Besp. US\b \IPeople\i a native or inhabitant of Los Angeles in California.\Knew f. Inc., Kpb, NSOED, Sept 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3American Spanish\c
<hw>angelfish</hw> \K/"eIndZ(\F'\n)lfIS/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i usu. same) \IZool\i any of various fish, esp. Pterophyllum scalare, with large dorsal and ventral fins.
<hw>angelic</hw> \K/an"dZElIk/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b like or relating to angels.\p\B2\b having characteristics attributed to angels, esp. sublime beauty or innocence. \Bangelical\b \Iadj.\i \Bangelically\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via French \IangΘlique\i or Late Latin \Iangelicus\i from Greek \Iaggelikos\i (as \J\Xangel\x)\j\c
<hw>angelica</hw> \K/an"dZElIk\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b an aromatic umbelliferous plant, Angelica archangelica, used in cooking and medicine.\p\B2\b \ICookery\i its candied stalks. \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \I(herba)\i \Iangelica\i 'angelic (herb)'\c
<hw>angels-on-horseback</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ICookery\i a savoury of oysters wrapped in slices of bacon.
<hw>angelus</hw> \K/"andZ(\F'\n)l\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRC Ch\i\p\B1\b a Roman Catholic devotion commemorating the Incarnation, said at morning, noon, and sunset.\p\B2\b a bell announcing this. \BEtymology:\b \3from the opening words \IAngelus domini\i (Latin, = the angel of the Lord)\c
<hw>anger</hw> \K/"aNg\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\pextreme or passionate displeasure. \Iv.tr.\i make angry; enrage. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old Norse \Iangr\i 'grief', \Iangra\i 'vex'\c
<hw>Angevin</hw> \K/"andZ\F'\nvIn/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\IPeople\i\p\B1\b a native or inhabitant of Anjou.\p\B2\b a Plantagenet, esp. any of the English kings from Henry II to John. \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of Anjou.\p\B2\b of the Plantagenets. \BEtymology:\b \3French\c
<hw>angina</hw> \K/an"dZVIn\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b (in full \Bangina pectoris \K/"pEkt(\F'\n)rIs/\k)\b \IMed\i pain in the chest brought on by exertion, owing to an inadequate blood supply to the heart.\p\B2\b an attack of intense constricting pain, esp. in the throat, often causing suffocation. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = quinsy (the earliest use in English), from Greek \Iagkhone\i 'strangling' (+ Latin \Ipectoris\i 'of the chest' in sense 1)\c
<hw>angiogram</hw> \K/"andZI\F'\n(U)gram/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a radiograph of blood and lymph vessels, made by introducing a substance opaque to X-rays. \Bangiography\b\p\In.\i\p\Knew f. Collins, NSOED Mar 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iaggeion\i 'vessel' + \J\X-gram\x\j\c
<hw>angioma</hw> \K/andZI"\F'\nUm\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bangiomata\b \K/-m\F'\nt\F'\n/\k) \IMed\i an abnormal growth produced by the dilatation or new formation of blood vessels. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin, from Greek \Iaggeion\i 'vessel'\c
<hw>angioplasty</hw> \K/"andZI\F'\n(U)plasti/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i an operation to repair a damaged blood vessel or to unblock a coronary artery.\Knew word in COD9 f. ODNW, NSOED, corpus, News Jul 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iaggeion\i 'vessel' + \J\X-plasty\x\j\c
<hw>angiosperm</hw> \K/"andZI\F'\n(U)sp\F'\n:m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a plant of the subdivision Angiospermae producing flowers and reproducing by seeds enclosed within a carpel, including herbaceous plants, herbs, shrubs, grasses, and most trees (opp. \J\Xgymnosperm\x).\j \Bangiospermous\b \K/andZI\F'\n(U)"sp\F'\n:m\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iaggeion\i 'vessel' + \Isperma\i 'seed'\c
<hw>Angle</hw> \K/"aNg(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i \IPeople\i a member of a tribe from Schleswig that settled in eastern Britain in the 5th c. \BAnglian\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \IAnglus\i from Germanic (Old English \IEngle:\i cf. \J\XEnglish\x),\j from \IAngul\i a district of Schleswig (now in N. Germany) (as \J\Xangle\x (2),\j so called from its shape)\c
<hw>angle (1)</hw> \K/"aNg(\F'\n)l/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IGeom\i \Ba\b the space between two meeting lines or surfaces. \Bb\b the inclination of two lines or surfaces to each other.\p\B2\b \Ba\b a corner. \Bb\b a sharp projection.\p\B3\b \Ba\b the direction from which a photograph etc. is taken. \Bb\b the aspect from which a matter is considered.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr. & intr.\i move or place obliquely.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i present (information) from a particular point of view \3(was angled in favour of the victim).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iangle\i or from Latin \Iangulus\i 'corner'\c
<hw>angle (2)</hw> \K/"aNg(\F'\n)l/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.intr.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bfor)\b\i fish with hook and line.\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bfor)\b\i seek an objective by devious or calculated means \3(angled for a pay rise).\c\p\In.\i\p\Iarchaic\i a fish-hook. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iangul\i\c
<hw>angle brackets</hw> \In.pl.\i brackets in the form < > (see \J\Xbracket\x\p\In.\i\p3).\j
<hw>angled</hw> \K/"aNg(\F'\n)ld/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b placed at an angle to something else.\p\B2\b presented to suit a particular point of view.\p\B3\b having an angle.
<hw>angle-iron</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IEngin\i a piece of iron or steel with an L-shaped cross-section, used to strengthen a framework.
<hw>angle of attack</hw>\p\In.\i\pthe angle between the chord of an aerofoil etc. and the direction of the surrounding undisturbed flow of air, water, etc.\Knew f. Collins, NSOED Sep 93\k
<hw>angle of incidence</hw> \Isee\i \J\Xincidence\x.\j
<hw>angle of reflection</hw> \Isee\i \J\Xreflection\x.\j
<hw>angle of refraction</hw> \Isee\i \J\Xrefraction\x.\j
<hw>angle of repose</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i the steepest angle at which a sloping surface formed of loose material is stable.
<hw>anglepoise</hw> \K/"aNg(\F'\n)lpOIz/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(often \Battrib.)\b\i \Ipropr.\i a type of desk lamp with a sprung and jointed adjustable arm.\Knew word in COD9 f. NSOED, corpus, RL Jul 93\k
<hw>angler</hw> \K/"aNgl\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IFishing\i a person who fishes with a hook and line.\p\B2\b = \J\Xangler fish\x.\j
<hw>angler fish</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i any of various fishes that prey upon small fish, attracting them by filaments arising from the dorsal fin. \IAlso called\i \Ifrogfish.\i
<hw>Anglican</hw> \K/"aNglIk(\F'\n)n/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IRelig\i \Iadj.\i of or relating to the Church of England or any Church in communion with it.\p\In.\i\pa member of an Anglican Church. \BAnglicanism\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \IAnglicanus\i (Magna Carta) from \IAnglicus\i (Bede) from \IAnglus\i \J\XAngle\x\j\c
<hw>anglice</hw> \K/"aNglIsi/\k \Iadv.\i in English. \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin\c
<hw>Anglicism</hw> \K/"aNglIsIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a peculiarly English word or custom.\p\B2\b Englishness.\p\B3\b preference for what is English. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \IAnglicus\i (see \J\XAnglican\x)\j + \J\X-ism\x\j\c
<hw>Anglicize</hw> \K/"aNglIsVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b make English in form or character.
<hw>Anglist</hw> \K/"aNglIst/\k\p\In.\i\p\IEducation\i a student of or scholar in English language or literature. \BAnglistics\b \K/-"glIstIks/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3German from Latin \IAnglus\i 'English'\c
<hw>Anglo</hw> \K/"angl\F'\nU/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \BAnglos)\b\p\B1\b \Besp. N. Amer.\b \Ba\b a person of British or northern European origin, esp. \B(US)\b as distinct from a Hispanic American. \Bb\b an English-speaking person, esp. a white N. American who is not \B(US)\b of Hispanic descent or \B(Canad.)\b of French descent.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b \ISport\i a Scottish, Irish, or Welsh sports player who plays for an English club.\Ksense 2 new f. OERD April 94\k \Iadj.\i of or relating to Anglos.\Kadj. new f. Inc., NSOED, Aug 94. Entry revised Aug 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation of \J\XAnglo-Saxon\x\j\c
<hw>Anglo-</hw> \K/"aNgl\F'\nU/\k \Icomb. form\i\p\B1\b English \3(Anglo-Catholic).\c\p\B2\b of English origin \3(an Anglo-American).\c\p\B3\b English or British and \3(an Anglo-American agreement).\c \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from Latin \IAnglus\i 'English'\c
<hw>Anglo-Catholic</hw> \K/aNgl\F'\nU"kaT(\F'\n)lIk/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IRelig\i \Iadj.\i of a High Church Anglican group which emphasizes its Catholic tradition.\p\In.\i\pa member of this group.
<hw>Anglocentric</hw> \K/aNgl\F'\nU"sEntrIk/\k \Iadj.\i centred on or considered in terms of England.
<hw>Anglo-French</hw> \K/aNgl\F'\nU"frEn(t)S/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b English (or British) and French.\p\B2\b of Anglo-French.\p\In.\i\p\ILanguage\i the French language as retained and separately developed in England after the Norman Conquest.
<hw>Anglo-Indian</hw> \K/aNgl\F'\nU"IndI\F'\nn/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of or relating to England and India.\p\B2\b \IPeople\i \Ba\b of British descent or birth but living or having lived long in India. \Bb\b of mixed British and Indian parentage.\p\B3\b \ILanguage\i (of a word) adopted into English from an Indian language.\p\In.\i\p\IPeople\i an Anglo-Indian person.
<hw>Anglo-Irish</hw> \K/aNgl\F'\nU"VIrIS/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IPeople Language\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of Engish descent but born or resident in Ireland.\p\B2\b of mixed English and Irish parentage.\p\B3\b of or belonging to both Britain and the Republic of Ireland.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \I(prec. by \Bthe;\b treated as \Bpl.)\b\i Anglo-Irish people.\p\B2\b the English language as used in Ireland.\Knew word in COD9 f. NSOED Jul 93\k
<hw>Anglo-Latin</hw> \K/aNgl\F'\nU"latIn/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \ILanguage\i \Iadj.\i of Latin as used in medieval England.\p\In.\i\pthis form of Latin.
<hw>Anglomania</hw> \K/aNgl\F'\nU"meInI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pexcessive admiration of English customs.
<hw>Anglo-Norman</hw> \K/aNgl\F'\nU"nO:m\F'\nn/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b English and Norman.\p\B2\b \IPeople\i of the Normans in England after the Norman Conquest.\p\B3\b \ILanguage\i = \J\XAnglo-French\x \Iadj.\i 2.\j\p\In.\i\p\ILinguistics\i = \J\XAnglo-French\x\p\In.\i\p\j
<hw>Anglophile</hw> \K/"aNgl\F'\n(U)fVIl/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\pa person who is fond of or greatly admires England or the English. \Iadj.\i being or characteristic of an Anglophile.\K-phil omitted Jan 94\k
<hw>Anglophobe</hw> \K/"aNgl\F'\n(U)f\F'\nUb/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\pa person who greatly hates or fears England or the English. \Iadj.\i being or characteristic of an Anglophobe.
<hw>Anglophobia</hw> \K/aNgl\F'\n(U)"f\F'\nUbI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pintense hatred or fear of England or the English.
<hw>anglophone</hw> \K/"aNgl\F'\n(U)f\F'\nUn/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \ILinguistics\i \Iadj.\i English-speaking.\p\In.\i\pan English-speaking person. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\XAnglo-\x,\j on the pattern of \J\Xfrancophone\x\j\c
<hw>Anglo-Saxon</hw> \K/aNgl\F'\nU"saks(\F'\n)n/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of the English Saxons (as distinct from the Old Saxons of the Continent, and from the Angles) before the Norman Conquest.\p\B2\b of the Old English people as a whole before the Norman Conquest.\p\B3\b of English descent.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPeople\i an Anglo-Saxon person.\p\B2\b \ILanguage\i the Old English language.\p\B3\b \Icolloq.\i plain (esp. crude) English.\p\B4\b \BUS\b \ILanguage\i the modern English language.\Ksense 4 new f. usab Sept 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \IAnglo-Saxones,\i medieval Latin \IAngli Saxones,\i translating Old English \IAngulseaxe,\i \I-an\i\c
<hw>angora</hw> \K/aN"gO:r\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(often \Battrib.)\b\i\p\B1\b \ITextiles\i a fabric made from the hair of the angora goat or rabbit.\p\B2\b \IZool\i a long-haired variety of cat, goat, or rabbit. \BEtymology:\b \3\IAngora\i (the former name of Ankara in Turkey)\c
<hw>angora wool</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ITextiles\i a mixture of sheep's wool and angora rabbit hair.
<hw>angostura</hw> \K/aNg\F'\n"stjU\F'\nr\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p(in full \Bangostura bark)\b \IBot Pharm\i an aromatic bitter bark used as a flavouring, and formerly used as a tonic and to reduce fever. \BEtymology:\b \3\IAngostura,\i a town in Venezuela on the Orinoco, now Ciudad Bolφvar\c
<hw>Angostura Bitters</hw> \In.pl.\i \IDrink\i \Ipropr.\i a kind of tonic first made in Angostura.
<hw>angry</hw> \K/"aNgri/\k \Iadj.\i \B(angrier,\b \Bangriest)\b\p\B1\b feeling or showing anger; extremely displeased or resentful.\p\B2\b (of a wound, sore, etc.) inflamed, painful.\p\B3\b suggesting or seeming to show anger \3(an angry sky).\c \Bangrily\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, from \J\Xanger\x\j + \J\X-y\x (1)\j\c
<hw>angst</hw> \K/aNst/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b anxiety.\p\B2\b a feeling of guilt or remorse. \BEtymology:\b \3German\c
<hw>angstrom</hw> \K/"aNstr\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bσngstr÷m\b \K/"QNstr\F'\n:m/\k) \ICrystallog\i a unit of length equal to 10-10 metre (symbol \B┼).\b\Ksymb\k \BEtymology:\b \3named after A.J. \I┼ngstr÷m,\i Swedish physicist d. 1874\c
<hw>anguine</hw> \K/"aNgwIn/\k \Iadj.\i \IZool\i of or resembling a snake. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ianguinus\i from \Ianguis\i 'snake'\c
<hw>anguish</hw> \K/"aNgwIS/\k\p\In.\i\psevere mental or physical pain or suffering. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ianguisse\i 'choking' from Latin \Iangustia\i 'tightness', from \Iangustus\i 'narrow'\c
<hw>anguished</hw> \K/"aNgwISt/\k \Iadj.\i suffering or expressing anguish. \BEtymology:\b \3past part. of \Ianguish\i via Old French \Ianguissier\i from ecclesiastical Latin \Iangustiare\i 'to distress': see \J\Xanguish\x\j\c
<hw>angular</hw> \K/"aNgjUl\F'\n/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b having angles or sharp corners. \Bb\b (of a person) having sharp features; lean and bony. \Bc\b awkward in manner.\p\B2\b forming an angle.\p\B3\b measured by angle \3(angular distance).\c \Bangularity\b \K/-"larIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bangularly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iangularis\i from \Iangulus\i \J\Xangle\x (1)\j\c
<hw>angular momentum</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i the quantity of rotation of a body, the product of its moment of inertia and angular velocity.
<hw>angular velocity</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i the rate of change of angular position of a rotating body.
<hw>angwantibo</hw> \K/\F'\nN"gwQntIb\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b \IZool\i a small rare primate, Arctocebus calabarensis of west central Africa, related to the potto.\Knew f. Collins, NSOED Mar 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Efik\c
<hw>anhedral</hw> \K/an"hi:dr(\F'\n)l/, /-"hEd-/\k \In. & adj.\i \IAeron.\i\p\In.\i\pthe angle between the wing of an aircraft and the horizontal when the wing is inclined downwards. \Iadj.\i of or having an anhedral. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xan-\x (1)\j + \I-hedral\i (see \J\X-hedron\x)\j\c
<hw>anhinga</hw> \K/an"hINg\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BUS\b \IZool\i a darter, esp. Anhinga anhinga of America. \IAlso called\i \Isnake bird.\i\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Mar 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Portuguese, from Tupi \Ißyinga\i\c
<hw>anhydride</hw> \K/an"hVIdrVId/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i a compound obtained by removing the elements of water from another compound, esp. from an acid. \BEtymology:\b \3as \J\Xanhydrous\x\j + \J\X-ide\x\j\c
<hw>anhydrite</hw> \K/an"hVIdrVIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMineral\i a naturally occurring usu. rock-forming anhydrous mineral form of calcium sulphate. \BEtymology:\b \3as \J\Xanhydrous\x\j + \J\X-ite\x (1)\j\c
<hw>anhydrous</hw> \K/an"hVIdr\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i \IChem.\i without water, esp. water of crystallization. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ianudros\i (as \J\Xan-\x (1),\j \Ihudor\i 'water')\c
<hw>ani</hw> \K/"A:ni/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Banis)\b \IZool\i any of various glossy black large-billed birds of the genus \ICrotophaga,\i of the cuckoo family, found in Central and S. America.\Knew word in COD9 f. NSOED, COD box Jul 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish \Ianφ,\i Portuguese \Ianum,\i from Tupi \Ianu\i\c
<hw>aniline</hw> \K/"anIli:n/, /-lIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i a colourless oily liquid, used in the manufacture of dyes, drugs, and plastics. Chem. formula: C6H5NH2.\Kformula\k \BEtymology:\b \3German \IAnilin\i from \IAnil\i 'indigo' (from which it was originally obtained), ultimately from Arabic \Ian-nil\i\c
<hw>aniline dye</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IDyeing\i a synthetic dye, esp. one made from aniline.
<hw>anima</hw> \K/"anIm\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPsychol.\i\p\B1\b the inner personality (opp. \J\Xpersona\x 1).\j\p\B2\b Jung's term for the feminine part of a man's personality \I(opp.\i \J\Xanimus\x 4).\j \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = mind, soul\c
<hw>animadvert</hw> \K/%anIm\F'\nd"v\F'\n:t/\k \Iv.intr.\i \I(foll. by \Bon)\b\i criticize, censure (conduct, a fault, etc.). \Banimadversion\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ianimadvertere\i from \Ianimus\i 'mind' + \Iadvertere\i (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \Ivertere vers-\i 'turn')\c
<hw>animal</hw> \K/"anIm(\F'\n)l/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i\p\B1\b a living organism which feeds on organic matter, usu. with specialized sense organs and nervous system, and able to respond rapidly to stimuli.\p\B2\b \Ba\b such an organism other than a human. \Bb\b a quadruped.\Ksense 2b new in COD9 f. NSOED Jul 93\k\p\B3\b a brutish or uncivilized person.\p\B4\b \Icolloq.\i a person or thing of any kind \3(there is no such animal).\c \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b characteristic of animals.\p\B2\b of animals as distinct from plants \3(animal charcoal).\c\p\B3\b characteristic of the physical needs of animals; carnal, sensual. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin from \Ianimale,\i neut. of \Ianimalis\i 'having breath' from \Ianima\i 'breath'\c
<hw>animalcule</hw> \K/anI"malkju:l/\k\p\In.\i\p\Iarchaic\i \IZool\i a microscopic animal. \Banimalcular\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \Ianimalculum\i (as \J\Xanimal\x,\j \J\X-cule\x)\j\c
<hw>animal husbandry</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAgriculture\i the science of breeding and caring for farm animals.
<hw>animalism</hw> \K/"anIm(\F'\n)lIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the nature and activity of animals.\p\B2\b the belief that humans are not superior to other animals.\p\B3\b concern with physical matters; sensuality.
<hw>animality</hw> \K/anI"malIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the animal world.\p\B2\b the nature or behaviour of animals. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IanimalitΘ\i from \Ianimal\i \I(adj.)\i\c
<hw>animalize</hw> \K/"anIm(\F'\n)lVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b\p\B1\b make (a person) bestial; sensualize.\p\B2\b \IChem\i convert to animal substance. \Banimalization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>animal liberation</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i the liberation of animals from exploitation by humans.\Knew word in COD9 f. corpus Jul 93\k
<hw>animal magnetism</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ihist.\i mesmerism.\p\B2\b sexual attraction.\Ksense 2 new f. OERD Aug 94\k
<hw>animal rights</hw> \In.pl.\i \IPolit.\i the natural right of animals to live free from human exploitation \I(often \Battrib.:\b\i \2animal rights activists).\c\Knew word in COD9 f. OMED, corpus Jul 93\k
<hw>animate</hw> \Iadj. & v.\i \Iadj.\i \K/"anIm\F'\nt/\k\p\B1\b having life.\p\B2\b lively. \Iv.tr.\i \K/"anImeIt/\k\p\B1\b enliven, make lively.\p\B2\b give life to.\p\B3\b inspire, actuate; encourage.\p\B4\b (esp. as \Banimated\b \Iadj.)\i \ICinematog.\i give (a film, cartoon figure, etc.) the appearance of movement using animation techniques. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ianimatus,\i past part. of \Ianimare\i 'give life to', from \Ianima\i 'life, soul'\c
<hw>animated</hw> \K/"anImeItId/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b lively, vigorous.\p\B2\b having life. \Banimatedly\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>animateur</hw> \K/anIma"t\F'\n:/\k\p\In.\i\pa person who enlivens or encourages something, esp. a promoter of artistic projects.\Knew f. Incs Sept 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3French\c
<hw>animation</hw> \K/anI"meIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b vivacity, ardour.\p\B2\b the state of being alive.\p\B3\b \ICinematog.\i the technique of filming successive drawings or positions of puppets or models to create an illusion of movement when the film is shown as a sequence.
<hw>animator</hw> \K/"anImeIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an artist who prepares animated films, esp. cartoons.\p\B2\b a person who animates something, esp. who facilitates a discussion.\Knew as hwd Sept 94\k
<hw>animatronics</hw> \K/%anIm\F'\n"trQnIks/\k \In.pl.\i \I(treated as \Bsing.)\b\i \ICinematog.\i the technique of making and operating lifelike robots. \Banimatronic\b \Iadj.\i\Knew word in COD9 f. ODNW, files Jul 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3portmanteau word from \J\Xanimated\x\j + \J\Xelectronics\x\j\c
<hw>animΘ</hw> \K/"anImeI/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i any of various resins, esp. a W. Indian resin used in making varnish. \BEtymology:\b \3French, from Tupi \Iwana'ni\i\c
<hw>animism</hw> \K/"anImIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnthropol Relig\i\p\B1\b the attribution of a living soul to plants, inanimate objects, and natural phenomena.\p\B2\b the belief in a supernatural power that organizes and animates the material universe. \Banimist\b\p\In.\i\p\Banimistic\b \K/-"mIstIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ianima\i 'life, soul' + \J\X-ism\x\j\c
<hw>animosity</hw> \K/anI"mQsIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b a spirit or feeling of strong hostility. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \IanimositΘ\i or Late Latin \Ianimositas,\i from \Ianimosus\i 'spirited', formed as \J\Xanimus\x\j\c
<hw>animus</hw> \K/"anIm\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a display of animosity.\p\B2\b ill feeling.\p\B3\b a motivating spirit or feeling.\p\B4\b \IPsychol.\i Jung's term for the masculine part of a woman's personality \I(opp.\i \J\Xanima\x 2).\j \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = spirit, mind\c
<hw>anion</hw> \K/"anVI\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i \IPhysics\i a negatively charged ion; an ion that is attracted to the anode in electrolysis (opp. \J\Xcation\x).\j \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xana-\x\j + \J\Xion\x\j\c
<hw>anionic</hw> \K/anVI"QnIk/\k \Iadj.\i \IChem.\i \IPhysics\i\p\B1\b of an anion or anions.\p\B2\b having an active anion.
<hw>anise</hw> \K/"anIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i an umbelliferous plant, Pimpinella anisum, having aromatic seeds (see \J\Xaniseed\x).\j \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ianis\i and Latin from Greek \Ianison\i 'anise, dill'\c
<hw>aniseed</hw> \K/"anIsi:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i the seed of the anise, used to flavour liqueurs and sweets. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from \J\Xanise\x\j + \J\Xseed\x\j\c
<hw>anisette</hw> \K/anI"zEt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IDrink\i a liqueur flavoured with aniseed. \BEtymology:\b \3French, diminutive of \Ianis\i \J\Xanise\x\j\c
<hw>anisotropic</hw> \K/%anVIs\F'\n"tr\F'\nUpIk/, /-"trQp-/\k \Iadj.\i \IChem\i having physical properties that are different in different directions, e.g. the strength of wood along the grain differing from that across the grain (opp. \J\Xisotropic\x).\j \Kanisotropically omitted Jul 93\k\Banisotropy\b \K/-"sQtr\F'\npi/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xan-\x (1)\j + \J\Xisotropic\x\j\c
<hw>ankh</hw> \K/aNk/\k\p\In.\i\pa device consisting of a looped bar with a shorter crossbar, used in ancient Egypt as a symbol of life. \BEtymology:\b \3Egyptian, = life, soul\c
<hw>ankle</hw> \K/"aNk(\F'\n)l/\k \In. & v.\i \IAnat\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the joint connecting the foot with the leg.\p\B2\b the part of the leg between this and the calf. \Iv.intr.\i\p\B1\b \Islang\i walk.\p\B2\b \ICycling\i flex the ankles while cycling to increase pedalling efficiency.\Ksense 2 new f. NSOED Mar. 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Old English and Old Norse, from Germanic: related to \J\Xangle\x (1)\j\c
<hw>ankle-biter</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer. & Austral.\b \Islang\i a child.\Knew f. K. Barber, corpus, incomings Oct 94\k
<hw>ankle-bone</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAnat\i a bone forming the ankle.
<hw>ankle sock</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IClothing\i a short sock just covering the ankle.
<hw>anklet</hw> \K/"aNklIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFashion\i\p\B1\b an ornament or fetter worn round the ankle.\p\B2\b \Besp. US\b \IClothing\i = \J\Xankle sock\x.\j\Ksense 2 new f. usab, Inc., Sept 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xankle\x\j + \J\X-let\x,\j on the pattern of \J\Xbracelet\x\j\c
<hw>ankylosaur</hw> \K/"aNkIl\F'\nsO:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a member of the suborder Ankylosauria of heavily armoured quadrupedal herbivorous dinosaurs.\Knew f. NSOED Mar 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \IAnkylosaurus\i genus name, from Greek \Iagkulosis\i \J\Xankylosis\x\j + \Isauros\i 'lizard'\c
<hw>ankylose</hw> \K/"aNkIl\F'\nUz/\k \Iv.tr. & intr.\i (also \Banchylose)\b \IMed\i (of bones or a joint) stiffen or unite by ankylosis. \BEtymology:\b \3back-formation from \J\Xankylosis\x,\j on the pattern of \Ianastomose\i etc.\c
<hw>ankylosis</hw> \K/aNkI"l\F'\nUsIs/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Banchylosis)\b \IMed\i\p\B1\b the abnormal stiffening and immobility of a joint by fusion of the bones.\p\B2\b such fusion. \Bankylotic\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from Greek \Iagkulosis,\i from \Iagkuloo\i 'crook'\c
<hw>anna</hw> \K/"an\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICurrency\i a former monetary unit of India and Pakistan, one-sixteenth of a rupee. \BEtymology:\b \3Hindustani \Iana\i\c
<hw>annal</hw> \K/"an(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the annals of one year.\p\B2\b a record of one item in a chronicle. \BEtymology:\b \3back-formation from \J\Xannals\x\j\c
<hw>annals</hw> \K/"an(\F'\n)lz/\k \In.pl.\i\p\B1\b a narrative of events year by year.\p\B2\b historical records. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iannales\i or Latin \Iannales\i \I(libri)\i 'yearly (books)', from \Iannus\i 'year'\c
<hw>annates</hw> \K/"aneIts/\k \In.pl.\i \IRC Ch.\i the first year's revenue of a see or benefice, paid to the Pope. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iannate\i from medieval Latin \Iannata\i 'year's proceeds', from \Iannus\i 'year'\c
<hw>annatto</hw> \K/\F'\n"nat\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Banatta\b \K/-t\F'\n/\k, \Banatto)\b \IChem Dyeing\i an orange-red dye from the pulp of a tropical fruit, used for colouring foods. \BEtymology:\b \3Carib name of the fruit tree\c
<hw>anneal</hw> \K/\F'\n"ni:l/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \IChem\i heat (metal or glass) and allow it to cool slowly, esp. to toughen it.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i toughen.\p\B3\b \IBiochem.\i \Ba\b \Itr.\i recombine (DNA) in the double-stranded form. \Bb\b \Iintr.\i undergo this process.\Ksense 3 new f. OERD, NSOED Aug 94\k\p\In.\i\ptreatment by annealing. \Bannealer\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ionµlan,\i from \Ion\i + \Iµlan\i 'burn, bake' from \Ial\i 'fire'\c
<hw>annelid</hw> \K/"an(\F'\n)lId/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a segmented worm of the phylum Annelida, which includes earthworms, lugworms, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IannΘlide\i or modern Latin \Iannelida\i \I(pl.),\i from French \IannelΘs\i 'ringed animals' via Old French \Ianel\i 'ring' from Latin \Ianellus,\i diminutive of \Ianulus\i 'ring'\c
<hw>annelidan</hw> \K/\F'\n"nElId(\F'\n)n/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IZool\i \Iadj.\i of the annelids.\p\In.\i\pan annelid.
<hw>annex</hw> \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.tr.\i \K/\F'\n"nEks/\k\p\B1\b \Ba\b add as a subordinate part. \Bb\b \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i append to a book etc.\p\B2\b incorporate (territory of another) into one's own.\p\B3\b add as a condition or consequence.\p\B4\b \Icolloq.\i take without right.\p\In.\i\p\K/"anEks/\k = \J\Xannexe\x.\j\Knoun new as crossref. Sept 94\k \Bannexation\b \K/-"seIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iannexer\i from Latin \Iannectere\i (as \J\Xan-\x (2),\j \Inectere nex-\i 'bind')\c
<hw>annexe</hw> \K/"anEks/\k\p\In.\i\p\Besp. Brit.\b\p\B1\b a separate or added building, esp. for extra accommodation.\p\B2\b an addition to a document. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iannexe\i from Latin \Iannexum,\i past part. of \Iannectere\i 'bind': see \J\Xannex\x\j\c
<hw>annihilate</hw> \K/\F'\n"nVIIleIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b completely destroy.\p\B2\b defeat utterly; make insignificant or powerless. \Bannihilator\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Iannihilare\i (as \J\Xan-\x (2),\j \Inihil\i 'nothing')\c
<hw>annihilation</hw> \K/\F'\nnVII"leIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or process of annihilating.\p\B2\b \IPhysics\i the conversion of a particle and an antiparticle into radiation. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iannihilation\i or Late Latin \Iannihilatio\i (as \J\Xannihilate\x)\j\c
<hw>anniversary</hw> \K/anI"v\F'\n:s(\F'\n)ri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b the date on which an event took place in a previous year.\p\B2\b the celebration of this. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Ianniversarius,\i from \Iannus\i 'year' + \Iversus\i 'turned'\c
<hw>Anno Domini</hw> \K/%an\F'\nU "dQmInVI/\k \Iadv. & n.\i \Iadv.\i in the year of our Lord, in the year of the Christian era.\p\In.\i\p\Icolloq.\i advancing age \3(suffering from Anno Domini).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = in the year of the Lord\c
<hw>announce</hw> \K/\F'\n"naUns/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bthat)\b\i make publicly known.\p\B2\b make known the arrival or imminence of (a guest, dinner, etc.).\p\B3\b make known (without words) to the senses or the mind; be a sign of. \Bannouncement\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iannoncer\i from Latin \Iannuntiare\i (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \Inuntius\i 'messenger')\c
<hw>announcer</hw> \K/\F'\n"naUns\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBroadcasting\i a person who announces, esp. introducing programmes in broadcasting.
<hw>annoy</hw> \K/\F'\n"nOI/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b cause slight anger or mental distress to.\p\B2\b \I(in \Bpassive)\b\i be somewhat angry \3(am annoyed with you;\c \2was annoyed at my remarks).\c\p\B3\b molest; harass repeatedly. \Bannoyance\b\p\In.\i\p\Bannoyer\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ianuier,\i \Ianui,\i \Ianoi,\i etc., ultimately from Latin \Iin odio\i 'hateful'\c
<hw>annual</hw> \K/"anjU\F'\nl/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b reckoned by the year.\p\B2\b occurring every year.\p\B3\b living or lasting for one year.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a book etc. published once a year; a yearbook.\p\B2\b \IBot\i a plant that lives only for a year or less. \Bannually\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iannuel\i and Late Latin \Iannualis\i from Latin \Iannalis,\i from \Iannus\i 'year'\c
<hw>annual general meeting</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ICommerce\i a yearly meeting of members or shareholders, esp. for holding elections and reporting on the year's events.
<hw>annualized</hw> \K/"anjU\F'\nlVIzd/\k \Iadj.\i \IEcon\i (of rates of interest, inflation, etc.) calculated on an annual basis, as a projection from figures obtained for a shorter period.
<hw>annual ring</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a ring in the cross-section of a plant, esp. a tree, produced by one year's growth.
<hw>annuitant</hw> \K/\F'\n"nju:It(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i a person who holds or receives an annuity. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xannuity\x\j + \J\X-ant\x,\j by assimilation to \Iaccountant\i etc.\c
<hw>annuity</hw> \K/\F'\n"nju:Iti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \ICommerce\i\p\B1\b a yearly grant or allowance.\p\B2\b an investment of money entitling the investor to a series of equal annual sums over a stated period.\p\B3\b a sum payable in respect of a particular year. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via French \IannuitΘ\i and medieval Latin \Iannuitas -tatis\i from Latin \Iannuus\i 'yearly' (as \J\Xannual\x)\j\c
<hw>annul</hw> \K/\F'\n"nVl/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(annulled,\b \Bannulling)\b\p\B1\b declare (a marriage etc.) invalid.\p\B2\b cancel, abolish. \Bannulment\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ianuller\i from Late Latin \Iannullare\i (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \Inullus\i 'none')\c
<hw>annular</hw> \K/"anjUl\F'\n/\k \Iadj.\i ring-shaped; forming a ring. \Bannularly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iannulaire\i or Latin \Iannularis,\i from \Ian(n)ulus\i 'ring'\c
<hw>annular eclipse</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i an eclipse of the sun in which the edge of the sun remains visible as a bright ring around the moon.
<hw>annulate</hw> \K/"anjUl\F'\nt/\k \Iadj.\i \IBot Zool\i having rings; marked with or formed of rings. \Bannulation\b \K/-"leIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iannulatus\i (as \J\Xannulus\x)\j\c
<hw>annulet</hw> \K/"anjUlIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IArchit.\i a small fillet or band encircling a column.\p\B2\b a small ring. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iannulus\i 'ring' + \J\X-et\x (1)\j\c
<hw>annunciate</hw> \K/\F'\n"nVnsIeIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b proclaim.\p\B2\b indicate as coming or ready. \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Iannunciare\i from Latin \Iannuntiare annuntiat-\i 'announce'\c
<hw>annunciation</hw> \K/\F'\nnVnsI"eIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \B(Annunciation)\b \IRelig\i \Ba\b the announcing of the Incarnation, made by the angel Gabriel to Mary, related in Luke 1:26-38. \Bb\b the festival commemorating this (Lady Day) on 25 March.\p\B2\b \Ba\b the act or process of announcing. \Bb\b an announcement. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iannonciation\i from Late Latin \Iannuntiatio -onis\i (as \J\Xannunciate\x)\j\c
<hw>annunciator</hw> \K/\F'\n"nVnsIeIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IElectr\i a device giving an audible or visible indication of which of several electrical circuits has been activated, of the position of a train, etc.\p\B2\b an announcer. \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Iannuntiator\i (as \J\Xannunciate\x)\j\c
<hw>anoa</hw> \K/\F'\n"n\F'\nU\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i any of several small deerlike water buffalo of the genus \IBubalus,\i native to Sulawesi. \BEtymology:\b \3its name in Sulawesi\c
<hw>anode</hw> \K/"an\F'\nUd/\k\p\In.\i\p\IElectr.\i\p\B1\b the negative terminal of an electrical device \I(opp.\i \J\Xcathode\x).\j\p\B2\b \IChem\i the terminal or electrode by which electric current enters a device. \Banodal\b \K/\F'\n"n\F'\nUd(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Banodic\b \K/\F'\n"nQdIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ianodos\i 'way up', from \Iana\i 'up' + \Ihodos\i 'way'\c
<hw>anodize</hw> \K/"an\F'\ndVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b \IChem\i coat (a metal, esp. aluminium) with a protective oxide layer by electrolysis. \Banodizer\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xanode\x\j + \J\X-ize\x\j\c
<hw>anodyne</hw> \K/"an\F'\ndVIn/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IMed\i able to relieve pain.\p\B2\b mentally soothing.\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i an anodyne drug or medicine. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ianodynus\i from Greek \Ianodunos\i 'painless' (as \J\Xan-\x (1),\j \Iodune\i 'pain')\c
<hw>anoesis</hw> \K/an\F'\nU"i:sIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPsychol.\i consciousness with sensation but without thought. \Banoetic\b \K/-"EtIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xa-\x (1)\j + Greek \Inoesis\i 'understanding'\c
<hw>anoint</hw> \K/\F'\n"nOInt/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \IRelig\i apply oil or ointment to, esp. as a religious ceremony (e.g. at baptism, or the consecration of a priest or king, or in ministering to the sick).\p\B2\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bwith)\b\i smear, rub.\p\1Anointing of the Sick\c \Iesp. RC Ch.\i the sacramental anointing of the ill or infirm with blessed oil; unction.\Knew f. JHM, Canada Jul 93\k \Banointer\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Anglo-French \Ianoint\i \I(adj.)\i from Old French \Ienoint,\i past part. of \Ienoindre,\i from Latin \Iinungere\i (as \J\Xin-\x (2),\j \Iungere unct-\i 'smear with oil')\c
<hw>anole</hw> \K/\F'\n"n\F'\nUli/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a lizard of the American genus \IAnolis,\i esp. the green A. carolinensis.\Knew f. Collins, NSOED Mar 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Carib\c
<hw>anomalistic</hw> \K/\F'\nnQm\F'\n"lIstIk/\k \Iadj.\i \IAstron.\i of or relating to the anomaly of a planet etc.
<hw>anomalistic month</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IHorol\i \IAstron\i a month measured between successive perigees of the moon.
<hw>anomalistic year</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IHorol\i \IAstron\i a year measured between successive perihelia of the earth.
<hw>anomalous</hw> \K/\F'\n"nQm(\F'\n)l\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i having an irregular or deviant feature; abnormal. \Banomalously\b \Iadv.\i \Banomalousness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Ianomalus\i from Greek \Ianomalos\i (as \J\Xan-\x (1),\j \Ihomalos\i 'even')\c
<hw>anomalure</hw> \K/\F'\n"nQm\F'\nljU\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i any of the squirrel-like rodents of the family Anomaluridae, having tails with rough overlapping scales on the underside. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \Ianomalurus,\i from Greek \Ianomalos\i \J\Xanomalous\x\j + \Ioura\i 'tail'\c
<hw>anomaly</hw> \K/\F'\n"nQm(\F'\n)li/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b an anomalous circumstance or thing; an irregularity.\p\B2\b irregularity of motion, behaviour, etc.\p\B3\b \IAstron.\i the angular distance of a planet or satellite from its last perihelion or perigee. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin from Greek \Ianomalia,\i from \Ianomalos\i \J\Xanomalous\x\j\c
<hw>anomie</hw> \K/"an\F'\nmi/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Banomy)\b \ISociol\i lack of the usual social or ethical standards in an individual or group. \Banomic\b \K/\F'\n"nQmIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ianomia\i from \Ianomos\i 'lawless': \I-ie\i from French\c
<hw>anon</hw> \K/\F'\n"nQn/\k \Iadv.\i \Iarchaic\i or \Iliterary\i soon, shortly \3(will say more of this anon).\c \BEtymology:\b \3originally = in or into one state, course, etc., later = at once: Old English \Ion an\i 'into one', \Ion ane\i 'in one'\c
<hw>anon.</hw> \K/\F'\n"nQn/\k \Iabbr.\i anonymous; an anonymous author.
<hw>anonym</hw> \K/"an\F'\nnIm/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an anonymous person or publication.\p\B2\b a pseudonym. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ianonyme\i from Greek \Ianonumos:\i see \J\Xanonymous\x\j\c
<hw>anonymous</hw> \K/\F'\n"nQnIm\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of unknown name.\p\B2\b of unknown or undeclared source or authorship.\p\B3\b without character; featureless, impersonal. \Banonymity\b \K/an\F'\n"nImIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Banonymously\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Ianonymus\i from Greek \Ianonumos\i 'nameless' (as \J\Xan-\x (1),\j \Ionoma\i 'name')\c
<hw>anopheles</hw> \K/\F'\n"nQfIli:z/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool Med\i a mosquito of the genus \IAnopheles,\i which includes many that are carriers of the malarial parasite. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from Greek \Ianopheles\i 'unprofitable'\c
<hw>anorak</hw> \K/"an\F'\nrak/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFashion\i\p\B1\b a waterproof jacket of cloth or plastic, usu. with a hood, of a kind originally used in polar regions.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i \Iderog.\i a boring, studious, or socially inept person with unfashionable and solitary interests.\Ksense 2 new in COD9 f. News Feb 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Greenland Eskimo \Ianoraq\i\c
<hw>anorexia</hw> \K/an\F'\n"rEksI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i\p\B1\b a lack or loss of appetite for food.\p\B2\b (in full \Banorexia nervosa \K/n\F'\n:"v\F'\nUs\F'\n/\k)\b a psychological illness, esp. in young women, characterized by an obsessive desire to lose weight by refusing to eat. \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin from Greek (as \J\Xan-\x (1)\j + \Iorexis\i 'appetite')\c
<hw>anorexic</hw> \K/an\F'\n"rEksIk/\k \Iadj. & n.\i (also \Banorectic\b \K/-"rEktIk/\k) \IMed\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b involving, producing, or characterized by a lack of appetite, esp. in anorexia nervosa.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i extremely thin.\Ksense 2 new in COD9 f. Wordfinder Jul 93\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an anorexic agent.\p\B2\b a person with anorexia. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IanorΘxique:\i \Ianorectic\i from Greek \Ianorektos\i 'without appetite' (as \J\Xanorexia\x)\j\c
<hw>anorthosite</hw> \K/\F'\n"nO:T\F'\nsVIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeol.\i a granular igneous rock composed largely of plagioclase.\Knew f. Collins, NSOED Mar 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ianorthose\i 'plagioclase' + \J\X-ite\x (1)\j\c
<hw>anosmia</hw> \K/a"nQzmI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i the loss of the sense of smell. \Banosmic\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin from Greek (as \J\Xan-\x (2)\j + \Iosme\i 'smell')\c
<hw>another</hw> \K/\F'\n"nVD\F'\n/\k \Idet. & pron.\i \Idet.\i\p\B1\b an additional; one more \3(have another cake;\c \2after another six months).\c\p\B2\b a person like or comparable to \3(another Callas).\c\p\B3\b a different \3(quite another matter).\c\p\B4\b some or any other \3(will not do another man's work).\c \Ipron.\i\p\B1\b an additional one \3(have another).\c\p\B2\b a different one \3(take this book away and bring me another).\c\p\B3\b some or any other one \3(I love another).\c\p\B4\b \BBrit.\b \ILaw\i an unnamed additional party to a legal action \3(X versus Y and another).\c\p\B5\b (usu. \BA. N. Other\b \K/eI En "VD\F'\n/\k) \BBrit.\b a player unnamed or not yet selected.\p\1such another\c another of the same sort. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from \J\Xan\x\j + \J\Xother\x\j\c
<hw>another place</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IParl\i the other House of Parliament (used in the Commons to refer to the Lords, and vice versa).
<hw>ANOVA</hw> \K/"an\F'\nvA:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IStatistics\i analysis of variance, a statistical method in which the variation in a set of observations is divided into distinct components.\Knew f. incomings Aug 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3acronym\c
<hw>anoxia</hw> \K/a"nQksI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed.\i an absence or deficiency of oxygen reaching the tissues; severe hypoxia. \Banoxic\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xan-\x (1)\j + \J\Xoxygen\x\j + \J\X-ia\x (1)\j\c
\B\Ianschluss\b\i \K/"anSlUs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i a unification, esp. \B\I(Anschluss)\b\i the annexation of Austria by Germany in 1938. \BEtymology:\b \3German from \Ianschliessen\i 'join'\c\Kkbd fulc tags on the list but not recognized by ic: ref comp informed Jul 93\k
<hw>anserine</hw> \K/"ans\F'\nrVIn/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IZool\i of or like a goose.\p\B2\b silly. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ianserinus,\i from \Ianser\i 'goose'\c
<hw>ANSI</hw> \Iabbr.\i American National Standards Institute.\Knew f. Incs; pronunc.? Sept 94\k
<hw>answer</hw> \K/"A:ns\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b something said or done to deal with or in reaction to a question, statement, or circumstance.\p\B2\b the solution to a problem.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i make an answer to \3(answer me;\c \2answer my question).\c\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i make an answer.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i respond to the summons or signal of \3(answer the door;\c \2answer the telephone).\c\p\B4\b \Itr.\i be satisfactory for (a purpose or need).\p\B5\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bfor,\b \Bto)\b\i be responsible \3(you will answer to me for your conduct).\c\p\B6\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bto)\b\i correspond, esp. to a description.\p\B7\b \Iintr.\i be satisfactory or successful.\p\1answer back\c answer a rebuke etc. impudently.\p\1answer to the name of\c be called. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iandswaru,\i \Iandswarian\i from Germanic, = swear against (charge)\c
<hw>answerable</hw> \K/"A:ns(\F'\n)r\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bto,\b \Bfor)\b\i responsible \3(answerable to them for any accident).\c\p\B2\b that can be answered.
<hw>answering machine</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ITelephony\i a tape recorder which supplies a recorded answer to a telephone call.
<hw>answering service</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i a business that receives and answers telephone calls for its clients.
<hw>answerphone</hw> \K/"A:ns\F'\nf\F'\nUn/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ITelephony\i a telephone answering machine.
<hw>ant</hw> \K/ant/\k \In. & v.\i \IZool\i\p\In.\i\pany small insect of the widely distributed hymenopterous family Formicidae, living in complex social colonies, wingless (except for adults at the time of mating), and proverbial for industry. \Iv.intr. & refl.\i (usu. as \Banting\b \In.)\i (of a bird) place or rub ants on the feathers to repel parasites.\Kverb new f. Collins, NSOED Mar 94\k\p\1have ants in one's pants\c \Icolloq.\i be fidgety or restless.\Kidm new f. OERD, corpus, Sept 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iµmet(t)e,\i \Iemete\i (see \J\Xemmet\x),\j from West Germanic\c
<hw>ant-</hw> \K/ant/\k \Iassim. form of\i \J\Xanti-\x\j before a vowel or \Ih\i \3(Antarctic).\c
<hw>-ant</hw> \K/(\F'\n)nt/\k \Isuffix\i\p\B1\b forming adjectives denoting attribution of an action \3(pendant;\c \2repentant)\c or state \3(arrogant;\c \2expectant).\c\p\B2\b forming nouns denoting an agent \3(assistant;\c \2celebrant;\c \2deodorant).\c \BEtymology:\b \3French \I-ant\i or Latin \I-ant\i-, \I-ent-,\i pres. part. stem of verbs: cf. \J\X-ent\x\j\c
<hw>antacid</hw> \K/ant"asId/\k \In. & adj.\i \IPharm\i\p\In.\i\pa substance that prevents or corrects acidity esp. in the stomach. \Iadj.\i having these properties.
<hw>antagonism</hw> \K/an"tag(\F'\n)nIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\pactive opposition or hostility. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iantagonisme\i (as \J\Xantagonist\x)\j\c
<hw>antagonist</hw> \K/an"tag(\F'\n)nIst/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an opponent or adversary.\p\B2\b \IBiol.\i a substance or organ that partially or completely opposes the action of another. \Bantagonistic\b \K/-"nIstIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Bantagonistically\b \K/-"nIstIk(\F'\n)li/\k \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iantagoniste\i or Late Latin \Iantagonista,\i from Greek \Iantagonistes\i (as \J\Xantagonize\x)\j\c
<hw>antagonize</hw> \K/an"tag(\F'\n)nVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b\p\B1\b evoke hostility or opposition or enmity in.\p\B2\b (of one force etc.) counteract or tend to neutralize (another). \Bantagonization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iantagonizomai\i (as \J\Xanti-\x,\j \Iagonizomai\i from \Iagon\i 'contest')\c
<hw>Antarctic</hw> \K/an"tA:ktIk/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IGeog\i \Iadj.\i of the south polar regions.\p\In.\i\pthese regions. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iantartique\i or Latin \Iantarcticus\i from Greek \Iantarktikos\i (as \J\Xanti-\x,\j \Iarktikos\i \J\XArctic\x)\j\c
<hw>Antarctic Circle</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IGeog\i the parallel of latitude 66░ 33\Fó\n S., forming an imaginary line round the Antarctic regions.
<hw>Antarctic Ocean</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IGeog\i = \J\XSouthern Ocean\x.\j\Knew f. SOED Apr 94\k
<hw>ante</hw> \K/"anti/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ICards\i a stake put up by a player in poker etc. before receiving cards.\p\B2\b (esp. in phr. \Bup the ante)\b an amount to be paid in advance; a stake. \Iv.tr.\i \B(antes,\b \Banted)\b\p\B1\b \ICards\i put up as an ante.\p\B2\b \Ba\b bet, stake. \Bb\b \I(foll. by \Bup)\b\i pay. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = before\c
<hw>anteater</hw> \K/"anti:t\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a mammal that feeds on ants and termites, esp. one of the edentate family Myrmecophagidae, with a long snout and sticky tongue.
<hw>ante-bellum</hw> \K/antI"bEl\F'\nm/\k \Iattrib.adj.\i occurring or existing before a particular war, esp. the US Civil War. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, from \Iante\i 'before' + \Ibellum\i 'war'\c
<hw>antecedent</hw> \K/antI"si:d(\F'\n)nt/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a preceding thing or circumstance.\p\B2\b \IGram.\i a word, phrase, clause, or sentence, to which another word (esp. a relative pronoun, usu. following) refers.\p\B3\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i past history, esp. of a person.\p\B4\b \ILogic\i the statement contained in the 'if' clause of a conditional proposition. \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i previous.\p\B2\b presumptive, a priori. \Bantecedence\b\p\In.\i\p\Bantecedently\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, from French \IantΘcΘdent\i or Latin \Iantecedere\i (as \J\Xante-\x,\j \Icedere\i 'go')\c
<hw>antechamber</hw> \K/"antItSeImb\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pa small room leading to a main one. \BEtymology:\b \3earlier \Ianti-:\i French \Iantichambre\i from Italian \Ianticamera\i (as \J\Xante-\x,\j \J\Xchamber\x)\j\c
<hw>antechapel</hw> \K/"antI%tSap(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig Archit\i the outer part at the west end of a college chapel.
<hw>antedate</hw> \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.tr.\i \K/antI"deIt/, /"antIdeIt/\k\p\B1\b exist or occur at a date earlier than.\p\B2\b assign an earlier date to (a document, event, etc.), esp. one earlier than its actual date.\p\In.\i\p\K/"antIdeIt/\k a date earlier than the actual one.
<hw>antediluvian</hw> \K/%antIdI"lu:vI\F'\nn/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of or belonging to the time before the biblical Flood.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i very old or out of date. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xante-\x\j + Latin \Idiluvium\i \J\Xdeluge\x\j + \J\X-an\x\j\c
<hw>antelope</hw> \K/"antIl\F'\nUp/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i same or \Bantelopes)\b\p\B1\b \IZool\i a deerlike ruminant of the family Bovidae, mainly found in Africa, typically tall, slender, graceful, and swift-moving with smooth hair and upward-pointing horns, e.g. gazelles, gnus, kudus, and impala.\p\B2\b leather made from the skin of any of these.\p\B3\b \BN. Amer.\b = \J\Xpronghorn\x.\j\Ksense 3 new f. KPB Oct 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iantelop\i or medieval Latin \Iant(h)alopus\i from late Greek \Iantholops,\i of unknown origin\c
<hw>antenatal</hw> \K/antI"neIt(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Besp. Brit.\b \IMed\i\p\B1\b existing or occurring before birth.\p\B2\b relating to the period of pregnancy.
<hw>antenna</hw> \K/an"tEn\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \I(pl.\i \Bantennae\b \K/-ni:/\k) \IZool.\i each of a pair of mobile appendages on the heads of insects, crustaceans, etc., sensitive to touch and taste; a feeler.\p\B2\b \I(pl.\i \Bantennas)\b = \J\Xaerial\x\p\In.\i\p\j \Bantennal\b \Iadj.\i (in sense 1). \Bantennary\b \Iadj.\i (in sense 1). \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = yard (of a ship), used in pl. to translate Greek \Ikeraioi\i 'horns' of insects\c
<hw>antenuptial</hw> \K/antI"nVpS(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Besp. Brit.\b existing or occurring before marriage. \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Iantenuptialis\i (as \J\Xante-\x,\j \J\Xnuptial\x)\j\c
<hw>antenuptial contract</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BS.Afr.\b \ILaw\i a contract between two persons intending to marry each other, setting out the terms and conditions of their marriage.
<hw>antepenult</hw> \K/%antIpI"nVlt/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILinguistics\i the last syllable but two in a word. \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation of Late Latin \Iantepaenultimus\i (as \J\Xante-\x,\j \Ipaenultimus\i \J\Xpenult\x)\j\c
<hw>antepenultimate</hw> \K/%antIpI"nVltIm\F'\nt/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i last but two.\p\In.\i\panything that is last but two.
<hw>ante-post</hw> \K/antI"p\F'\nUst/\k \Iadj.\i \BBrit.\b \ISport\i (of betting) done at odds determined at the time of betting, in advance of the event concerned. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xante-\x\j + \J\Xpost\x (1)\j\c
<hw>anterior</hw> \K/an"tI\F'\nrI\F'\n/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b nearer the front.\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i earlier, prior. \Banteriority\b \K/-rI"QrIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Banteriorly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \IantΘrieur\i or Latin \Ianterior,\i from \Iante\i 'before'\c
<hw>ante-room</hw> \K/"antIru:m/, /-rUm/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a small room leading to a main one.\p\B2\b \IMil.\i a sitting room in an officers' mess.
<hw>anthelion</hw> \K/ant"hi:lI\F'\nn/, /an"Ti:l-/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Banthelia\b \K/-lI\F'\n/\k) \IMeteorol\i a luminous halo projected on a cloud or fog bank opposite to the sun. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek, neut. of \Ianthelios\i 'opposite to the sun' (as \J\Xanti-\x,\j \Ihelios\i 'sun')\c
<hw>anthelmintic</hw> \K/anT(\F'\n)l"mIntIk/\k \In. & adj.\i (also \Banthelminthic\b \K/-TIk/\k) \IPharm\i\p\In.\i\pany drug or agent used to destroy parasitic, esp. intestinal, worms, e.g. tapeworms, roundworms, and flukes. \Iadj.\i having the power to eliminate or destroy parasitic worms. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xanti-\x\j + Greek \Ihelmins helminthos\i 'worm'\c
<hw>anthem</hw> \K/"anT\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IRelig\i an elaborate choral composition usu. based on a passage of scripture for church use.\p\B2\b \Ba\b a solemn hymn of praise etc., esp. = \J\Xnational anthem\x.\j \Bb\b a popular song that is identified with a person, group, etc. \3(rock anthem).\c\Ksense 2b new f. Incomings, OERD, corpus Apr 94\k\p\B3\b a composition sung antiphonally. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iantefn,\i \Iantifne\i from Late Latin \Iantiphona\i \J\Xantiphon\x\j\c
<hw>anthemion</hw> \K/an"Ti:mI\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Banthemia\b \K/-mI\F'\n/\k) \IArt\i a flower-like ornament used in art. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek, = flower\c
<hw>anther</hw> \K/"anT\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot.\i the apical portion of a stamen containing pollen. \Bantheral\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \IanthΦre\i or modern Latin \Ianthera,\i in Latin 'medicine extracted from flowers', from Greek \Ianthera\i 'flowery', fem. adj. from \Ianthos\i 'flower'\c
<hw>antheridium</hw> \K/anT\F'\n"rIdI\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bantheridia\b \K/-dI\F'\n/\k) \IBot.\i the male sex organ of algae, mosses, ferns, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from \Ianthera\i (as \J\Xanther\x)\j + Greek \I-idion\i diminutive suffix\c
<hw>anthill</hw> \K/"anthIl/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool\i a moundlike nest built by ants or termites.\p\B2\b a community teeming with people.
<hw>anthologize</hw> \K/an"TQl\F'\ndZVIz/\k \Iv.tr. & intr.\i (also \B-ise)\b \IBibliog\i compile or include in an anthology.
<hw>anthology</hw> \K/an"TQl\F'\ndZi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IBibliog\i a published collection of passages from literature (esp. poems), songs, reproductions of paintings, etc. \Banthologist\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Ianthologie\i or medieval Latin from Greek \Ianthologia,\i from \Ianthos\i 'flower' + \I-logia\i 'collection' from \Ilego\i 'gather'\c
<hw>anthozoan</hw> \K/anT\F'\n"z\F'\nU\F'\nn/\k \In. & adj.\i \IZool\i\p\In.\i\pa sessile marine coelenterate of the class Anthozoa which includes sea anemones and corals. \Iadj.\i of or relating to this class. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \IAnthozoa,\i from Greek \Ianthos\i 'flower' + \Izoia\i 'animals'\c
<hw>anthracene</hw> \K/"anTr\F'\nsi:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i a colourless crystalline aromatic hydrocarbon obtained by the distillation of crude oils and used in the manufacture of chemicals. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ianthrax -akos\i 'coal' + \J\X-ene\x\j\c
<hw>anthracite</hw> \K/"anTr\F'\nsVIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMineral\i coal of a hard variety containing relatively pure carbon and burning with little flame and smoke. \Banthracitic\b \K/-"sItIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ianthrakitis\i a kind of coal (as \J\Xanthracene\x)\j\c
<hw>anthracnose</hw> \K/an"Trakn\F'\nUs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot Hort\i a fungal disease of plants causing dark lesions.\Knew f. NSOED Apr 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3French from Greek \Ianthrak-\i \Ianthrax\i 'coal' + \Inosos\i 'disease'\c
<hw>anthrax</hw> \K/"anTraks/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a fatal bacterial disease of sheep and cattle, transmissible to humans, usu. affecting the skin and lungs. \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin from Greek, = carbuncle (the earliest sense in English)\c
<hw>anthropic principle</hw> \K/an"TrQpIk/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhilos\i the cosmological principle that theories of the origin of the universe are constrained by the necessity to allow individual human existence.\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED Jul 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ianthropikos,\i from \Ianthropos\i 'human being'\c
<hw>anthropocentric</hw> \K/anTr\F'\np\F'\n"sEntrIk/\k \Iadj.\i \ISociol\i regarding humankind as the centre of existence. \Banthropocentrically\b \Iadv.\i \Banthropocentrism\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>anthropogenic</hw> \K/anTr\F'\np\F'\n"dZEnIk/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \ISociol.\i relating to anthropogeny.\p\B2\b \IEcol.\i originating in human activity.\Ksense 1 was derivative in COD8. Sense 2 new in COD9 from OED, incomings Jul 93\k
<hw>anthropogeny</hw> \K/anTr\F'\n"pQdZIni/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISociol\i the study of the origin of man.
<hw>anthropoid</hw> \K/"anTr\F'\npOId/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b resembling a human being in form, esp. (of an ape) tailless and often bipedal.\p\B2\b \IZool\i of or relating to the primate suborder Anthropoidea, which includes monkeys, apes, and humans. \Icolloq.\i (of a person) apelike.\Ksense 2 of adj. new f. OERD Mar. 94\k\p\In.\i\pa being that is human in form only, esp. an anthropoid ape. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ianthropoeides\i (as \J\Xanthropo-\x,\j \J\X-oid\x)\j\c
<hw>anthropology</hw> \K/anTr\F'\n"pQl\F'\ndZi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnthropol\i\p\B1\b the study of humankind, esp. of its societies and customs.\p\B2\b the study of the structure and evolution of humans as animals. \Banthropological\b \K/-p\F'\n"lQdZIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Banthropologist\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>anthropometry</hw> \K/anTr\F'\n"pQmItri/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnthropol\i the scientific study of the measurements of the human body. \Banthropometric\b \K/-p\F'\n"mEtrIk/\k \Iadj.\i
<hw>anthropomorphic</hw> \K/anTr\F'\np\F'\n"mO:fIk/\k \Iadj.\i \IAnthropol\i of or characterized by anthropomorphism. \Banthropomorphically\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3as \J\Xanthropomorphous\x\j + \J\X-ic\x\j\c
<hw>anthropomorphism</hw> \K/anTr\F'\np\F'\n"mO:fIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnthropol\i the attribution of a human form or personality to a god, animal, or thing. \Banthropomorphize\b \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise).\b
<hw>anthropomorphous</hw> \K/anTr\F'\np\F'\n"mO:f\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i \IAnthropol\i human in form. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ianthropomorphos\i (as \J\Xanthropo-\x,\j \Imorphe\i 'form')\c
<hw>anthropophagy</hw> \K/anTr\F'\n"pQf\F'\ndZi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnthropol\i the eating of human flesh; cannibalism. \Banthropophagous\b \K/-g\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ianthropophagia\i (as \J\Xanthropo-\x,\j \Iphago\i 'eat')\c
<hw>anthroposophy</hw> \K/anTr\F'\n"pQs\F'\nfi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhilos\i\p\B1\b the knowledge of the nature of humans; human wisdom.\p\B2\b a movement inaugurated by Rudolf Steiner to develop the faculty of cognition and the realization of spiritual reality.\Knew word in COD9 f. COD box, NSOED Jul 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xanthropo-\x\j + Greek \Isophos\i 'wise'\c
<hw>anti</hw> \K/"anti/\k \Iprep. & n.\i \Iprep.\i \I(also \Babsol.)\b\i opposed to \3(is anti everything;\c \2seems to be rather anti).\c\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bantis)\b a person opposed to a particular policy etc. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xanti-\x\j\c
<hw>anti-</hw> \K/"anti/\k \Iprefix\i (also \Bant-\b before a vowel or \Ih)\i forming nouns and adjectives meaning:\p\B1\b opposed to; against \3(antivivisectionism).\c\p\B2\b preventing \3(antiscorbutic).\c\p\B3\b the opposite of \3(anticlimax).\c\p\B4\b rival \3(antipope).\c\p\B5\b unlike the conventional form \3(anti-hero;\c \2anti-novel).\c\p\B6\b \IPhysics\i the antiparticle of a specified particle \3(antineutrino;\c \2antiproton).\c \BEtymology:\b \3from or influenced by Greek \Ianti-\i 'against'\c
<hw>anti-abortion</hw> \K/%antI\F'\n"bO:S(\F'\n)n/\k \Iattrib.adj.\i \IPolit\i opposing abortion. \Banti-abortionist\b\p\In.\i\p\Knew word in COD9 f. POD, corpus Jul 93\k
<hw>anti-aircraft</hw> \K/antI"E:krA:ft/\k \Iattrib.adj.\i \IMil\i (of a gun, missile, etc.) used to attack enemy aircraft.
<hw>anti-apartheid</hw> \K/%antI\F'\n"pA:teIt/, /-tVIt/\k \Iattrib.adj.\i \IPolit Sociol\i opposed to the policy or system of apartheid.\Knew in COD9 f. corpus Feb 94\k
<hw>antibacterial</hw> \K/%antIbak"tI\F'\nrI\F'\nl/\k \Iadj.\i active against bacteria.\Knew f. corpus, SOED Dec 93\k
<hw>antibiosis</hw> \K/%antIbVI"\F'\nUsIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiol\i an antagonistic association between two organisms (esp. micro-organisms), in which one is adversely affected \I(cf.\i \J\Xsymbiosis\x).\j \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iantibiose\i (as \J\Xanti-\x,\j \J\Xsymbiosis\x)\j\c
<hw>antibiotic</hw> \K/%antIbVI"QtIk/\k \In. & adj.\i \IPharm.\i \IBiochem\i\p\In.\i\pany of various substances (e.g. penicillin) produced by micro-organisms or made synthetically, that can inhibit or destroy susceptible micro-organisms. \Iadj.\i functioning as an antibiotic. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iantibiotique\i (as \J\Xanti-\x,\j Greek \Ibiotikos\i 'fit for life' from \Ibios\i 'life')\c
<hw>antibody</hw> \K/"antIbQdi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IBiochem\i any of a class of blood proteins (immunoglobulins) produced in response to and counteracting antigens. \BEtymology:\b \3translation of German \IAntik÷rper\i (as \J\Xanti-\x,\j \IK÷rper\i 'body')\c
<hw>antic</hw> \K/"antIk/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i absurd or foolish behaviour.\p\B2\b an absurd or silly action. \Iadj.\i \Iarchaic\i grotesque, bizarre. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian \Iantico\i \J\Xantique\x,\j used to mean 'grotesque'\c
<hw>anticathode</hw> \K/antI"kaT\F'\nUd/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i the target (or anode) of an X-ray tube on which the electrons from the cathode impinge and from which X-rays are emitted.
<hw>Antichrist</hw> \K/"antIkrVIst/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i\p\B1\b an arch-enemy of Christ.\p\B2\b a postulated personal opponent of Christ expected by the early Church to appear before the end of the world. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iantecrist\i from ecclesiastical Latin \Iantichristus\i from Greek \Iantikhristos\i (as \J\Xanti-\x,\j \IKhristos\i \J\XChrist\x)\j\c
<hw>antichristian</hw> \K/antI"krIstS(\F'\n)n/, /-tI\F'\nn/\k \Iadj.\i \IRelig\i\p\B1\b opposed to Christianity.\p\B2\b concerning the Antichrist.
<hw>anticipate</hw> \K/an"tIsIpeIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b be aware of (a thing) in advance and act accordingly; forestall (an action) \3(anticipated his opponent's moves;\c \2anticipated the hard winter ahead;\c \2anticipates my every need).\c\p\B2\b \Idisp.\i expect, foresee; regard as probable \3(did not anticipate any difficulty).\c\p\B3\b take action before (another person); forestall \3(was about to announce the discovery but was anticipated by his pupil).\c\p\B4\b look forward to \3(I anticipated the interview with pleasure).\c\p\B5\b cause (a future event) to happen earlier; accelerate. \Banticipative\b \Iadj.\i \Banticipator\b\p\In.\i\p\Banticipatory\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ianticipare\i (as \J\Xante-\x\j + \I-cipare\i from \Icapere\i 'take')\c The use of \Ianticipate\i in sense 2 above is well established in informal use, but is regarded as incorrect by some people.
<hw>anticipation</hw> \K/antIsI"peIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or process of anticipating.\p\B2\b \IMus.\i the introduction beforehand of part of a chord which is about to follow. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ianticipation\i or Latin \Ianticipatio\i (as \J\Xanticipate\x)\j\c
<hw>anticlerical</hw> \K/antI"klErIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IRelig\i \Iadj.\i opposed to the influence of the clergy, esp. in politics.\p\In.\i\pan anticlerical person. \Banticlericalism\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>anticlimax</hw> \K/antI"klVImaks/\k\p\In.\i\pa trivial conclusion to something significant or impressive, esp. where a climax was expected. \Banticlimactic\b \K/-"maktIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Banticlimactically\b \K/-"maktIk(\F'\n)li/\k \Iadv.\i
<hw>anticline</hw> \K/"antIklVIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeol.\i a ridge or fold of stratified rock in which the strata slope down from the crest \I(opp.\i \J\Xsyncline\x).\j \Banticlinal\b \K/-"klVIn(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xanti-\x\j + Greek \Iklino\i 'lean', on the pattern of \J\Xincline\x\j\c
<hw>anticlockwise</hw> \K/antI"klQkwVIz/\k \Iadv. & adj.\i \BBrit.\b \Iadv.\i in a curve opposite in direction to the movement of the hands of a clock. \Iadj.\i moving anticlockwise.
<hw>anticoagulant</hw> \K/%antIk\F'\nU"agjUl(\F'\n)nt/\k \In. & adj.\i \IPharm Chem\i\p\In.\i\pany drug or agent that retards or inhibits coagulation, esp. of the blood. \Iadj.\i retarding or inhibiting coagulation.
<hw>anticodon</hw> \K/antI"k\F'\nUdQn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiochem.\i a sequence of three nucleotides forming a unit of genetic code in a transfer RNA molecule, corresponding to a complementary codon in messenger RNA.
<hw>anti-communist</hw> \K/antI"kQmjUnIst/\k \Iadj.\i \IPolit\i against communism or communists.\Knew f. corpus Mar 94\k
<hw>anticonstitutional</hw> \K/%antIkQnstI"tju:S(\F'\n)n(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \IPolit\i violating a political constitution.\Knew word in COD9 f. corpus, OED Jul 93\k
<hw>anticonvulsant</hw> \K/%antIk\F'\nn"vVls(\F'\n)nt/\k \In. & adj.\i \IPharm\i\p\In.\i\pany drug or agent that prevents or reduces the severity of convulsions, esp. epileptic fits. \Iadj.\i preventing or reducing convulsions.
<hw>anticyclone</hw> \K/antI"sVIkl\F'\nUn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMeteorol\i a system of winds rotating outwards from an area of high barometric pressure, producing fine weather. \Banticyclonic\b \K/-"klQnIk/\k \Iadj.\i
<hw>antidepressant</hw> \K/%antIdI"prEs(\F'\n)nt/\k \In. & adj.\i \IPharm\i\p\In.\i\pany drug or agent that alleviates depression. \Iadj.\i alleviating depression.
<hw>antidote</hw> \K/"antId\F'\nUt/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(often foll. by \Bto,\b \Bfor,\b \Bagainst)\b\i\p\B1\b \IMed\i a medicine etc. taken or given to counteract poison.\p\B2\b anything that counteracts something unpleasant or evil \3(antidote to jet lag).\c \Bantidotal\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iantidote\i or Latin \Iantidotum\i from Greek \Iantidoton,\i neut. of \Iantidotos\i 'given against' (as \J\Xanti-\x\j + stem of \Ididonai\i 'give')\c
<hw>anti-establishment</hw> \K/%antII"stablISm(\F'\n)nt/\k \Iadj.\i (also \Banti-Establishment)\b against the Establishment or established authority.\Knew f. corpus Dec 93\k
<hw>antifreeze</hw> \K/"antIfri:z/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i a substance (usu. ethylene glycol) added to water to lower its freezing point, esp. in the radiator of a motor vehicle.
<hw>anti-g</hw> \K/antI"dZi:/\k \Iadj.\i \IAstronaut Physics\i (of clothing for an astronaut etc.) designed to counteract the effects of high acceleration. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xanti-\x\j + \Ig\i (symbol for acceleration due to gravity)\c
<hw>antigen</hw> \K/"antIdZ(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiochem\i a foreign substance (e.g. a toxin) which induces an immune response in the body, esp. the production of antibodies. \Bantigenic\b \K/-"dZEnIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3German (as \J\Xantibody\x,\j \J\X-gen\x)\j\c
<hw>anti-government</hw> \K/antI"gVv(\F'\n)nm(\F'\n)nt/\k \Iadj.\i \IPolit\i (also \Banti-Government)\b against a government or the ministry in office.\Knew f. corpus Dec 93\k
<hw>anti-gravity</hw> \K/antI"gravIti/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i a hypothetical force opposing gravity. \Iadj.\i = \J\Xanti-g\x.\j\Kadj. new f. OERD Apr 94\k
<hw>anti-hero</hw> \K/"antI%hI\F'\nr\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-oes)\b a central character in a story or drama who noticeably lacks conventional heroic attributes.
<hw>antihistamine</hw> \K/antI"hIst\F'\nmIn/, /-mi:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPharm\i a substance that counteracts the effects of histamine, used esp. in the treatment of allergies.
<hw>anti-inflammatory</hw> \K/%antIIn"flam\F'\nt(\F'\n)ri/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IMed\i \Iadj.\i (of a drug etc.) reducing inflammation.\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b an anti-inflammatory drug.\Knew f. corpus Dec 93\k
<hw>antiknock</hw> \K/"antInQk/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i \I(usu. \Battrib.)\b\i a substance added to motor fuel to prevent premature combustion.
<hw>anti-lock</hw> \K/"antIlQk/\k \Iattrib.adj.\i \IEngin.\i (of brakes) set up so as to prevent locking and skidding if applied suddenly.\Knew word in COD9 f. POD, ODNW Jul 93\k
<hw>antilogarithm</hw> \K/antI"lQg\F'\nrID(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMath\i the number to which a logarithm belongs \3(100 is the common antilogarithm of 2).\c
<hw>antilogy</hw> \K/an"tIl\F'\ndZi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b a contradiction in terms. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iantilogie\i from Greek \Iantilogia\i (as \J\Xanti-\x,\j \J\X-logy\x)\j\c
<hw>antimacassar</hw> \K/%antIm\F'\n"kas\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFurniture\i a covering put over furniture, esp. over the back of a chair, as a protection from grease in the hair or as an ornament. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xanti-\x\j + \J\XMacassar\x\j\c
<hw>antimatter</hw> \K/"antI%mat\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i matter composed solely of antiparticles.
<hw>antimetabolite</hw> \K/%antImI"tab\F'\nlVIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPharm.\i a drug that interferes with the normal metabolic processes within cells, usu. by combining with enzymes.
<hw>antimony</hw> \K/"antIm\F'\nni/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i a brittle silvery-white metallic element used esp. in alloys with lead (symbol \BSb).\b\Ksymb\k \Bantimonial\b \K/-"m\F'\nUnI\F'\nl/\k \Iadj.\i \Bantimonic\b \K/-"mQnIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Bantimonious\b \K/-"m\F'\nUnI\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from medieval Latin \Iantimonium\i (11th c.), of unknown origin\c
<hw>antinode</hw> \K/"antIn\F'\nUd/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i the position of maximum displacement in a standing wave system.
<hw>antinomian</hw> \K/antI"n\F'\nUmI\F'\nn/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i \IRelig\i of or relating to the view that Christians are released from the obligation of observing the moral law.\p\In.\i\p\B(Antinomian)\b \Ihist.\i a person who holds this view. \Bantinomianism\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \IAntinomi,\i name of a sect in Germany (1535) alleged to hold this view (as \J\Xanti-\x,\j Greek \Inomos\i 'law')\c
<hw>antinomy</hw> \K/an"tIn\F'\nmi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b a contradiction between two beliefs or conclusions that are in themselves reasonable; a paradox.\p\B2\b a conflict between two laws or authorities. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iantinomia\i from Greek (as \J\Xanti-\x,\j \Inomos\i 'law')\c
<hw>antinovel</hw> \K/"antI%nQv(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILiterature\i a novel in which the conventions of the form are studiously avoided.
<hw>anti-nuclear</hw> \K/antI"nju:klI\F'\n/\k \Iadj.\i \IMil Polit\i opposed to the development of nuclear weapons or nuclear power.
<hw>antioxidant</hw> \K/antI"QksId(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IChem.\i an agent that inhibits oxidation, esp. used to counteract deterioration of stored food products.\p\B2\b \IBiol.\i a substance (e.g. vitamin C or E) that removes potentially damaging oxidizing agents in a living organism.\Ksense 2 new f. incomings etc. Aug 94\k
<hw>antiparticle</hw> \K/"antI%pA:tIk(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i a subatomic particle having the same mass as a given particle but opposite electric or magnetic properties.
<hw>antipasto</hw> \K/antI"pA:st\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bantipasti\b \K/-ti/\k) \ICookery\i an hors d'oeuvre, esp. in an Italian meal. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian (as \J\Xante-\x\j + Latin \Ipastus\i 'food')\c
<hw>antipathetic</hw> \K/%antIp\F'\n"TEtIk/\k \Iadj.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bto)\b\i having a strong aversion or natural opposition. \Bantipathetical\b \Iadj.\i \Bantipathetically\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3as \J\Xantipathy\x,\j on the pattern of \J\Xpathetic\x\j\c
<hw>antipathic</hw> \K/antI"paTIk/\k \Iadj.\i of a contrary nature or character.
<hw>antipathy</hw> \K/an"tIp\F'\nTi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \I(often foll. by \Bto,\b \Bfor,\b \Bbetween)\b\i a strong or deep-seated aversion or dislike. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iantipathie\i or Latin \Iantipathia\i from Greek \Iantipatheia,\i from \Iantipathes\i 'opposed in feeling' (as \J\Xanti-\x,\j \Ipathos -eos\i 'feeling')\c
<hw>anti-personnel</hw> \K/%antIp\F'\n:s\F'\n"nEl/\k \Iattrib.adj.\i \IMil\i (of a bomb, mine, etc.) designed to kill or injure people rather than to damage buildings or equipment.
<hw>antiperspirant</hw> \K/antI"p\F'\n:spIr\F'\nnt/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\pa substance applied to the skin to prevent or reduce perspiration. \Iadj.\i that acts as an antiperspirant.
<hw>antiphon</hw> \K/"antIf(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig Mus\i\p\B1\b a hymn or psalm, the parts of which are sung or recited alternately by two groups.\p\B2\b a versicle or phrase from this.\p\B3\b a sentence sung or recited before or after a psalm or canticle.\p\B4\b a response. \BEtymology:\b \3ecclesiastical Latin \Iantiphona\i from Greek (as \J\Xanti-\x,\j \Iphone\i 'sound')\c
<hw>antiphonal</hw> \K/an"tIf\F'\nn(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IRelig Mus\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b sung or recited alternately by two groups.\p\B2\b responsive, answering.\p\In.\i\pa collection of antiphons. \Bantiphonally\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>antiphonary</hw> \K/an"tIf(\F'\n)n\F'\nri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IRelig Mus\i a book of antiphons. \BEtymology:\b \3ecclesiastical Latin \Iantiphonarium\i (as \J\Xantiphon\x)\j\c
<hw>antiphony</hw> \K/an"tIf(\F'\n)ni/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IRelig Mus\i\p\B1\b antiphonal singing or chanting.\p\B2\b a response or echo.
<hw>antipode</hw> \K/"antIp\F'\nUd/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(usu. foll. by \Bof,\b \Bto)\b\i the exact opposite. \BEtymology:\b \3back-formation from \J\Xantipodes\x\j\c
<hw>antipodes</hw> \K/an"tIp\F'\ndi:z/\k \In.pl.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b (also \BAntipodes)\b a place diametrically opposite to another, esp. Australasia as the region on the opposite side of the earth to Europe. \Bb\b places diametrically opposite to each other.\p\B2\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bof,\b \Bto)\b\i the exact opposite. \Bantipodal\b \Iadj.\i \Bantipodean\b \K/-"di:\F'\nn/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French or Late Latin, from Greek \Iantipodes\i 'having the feet opposite' (as \J\Xanti-\x,\j \Ipous podos\i 'foot')\c
<hw>antipope</hw> \K/"antIp\F'\nUp/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig RC Ch\i a person set up as pope in opposition to one (held by others to be) canonically chosen. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iantipape\i from medieval Latin \Iantipapa,\i assimilated to \J\Xpope\x (1)\j\c
<hw>antiproton</hw> \K/antI"pr\F'\nUtQn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i the negatively charged antiparticle of a proton.
<hw>antipruritic</hw> \K/%antIprU\F'\n"rItIk/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IPharm\i \Iadj.\i relieving itching.\p\In.\i\pan antipruritic drug or agent. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xanti-\x\j + \J\Xpruritus\x\j + \J\X-ic\x\j\c
<hw>antipyretic</hw> \K/%antIpVI"rEtIk/. /-pI-/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IPharm\i \Iadj.\i preventing or reducing fever.\p\In.\i\pan antipyretic drug or agent.
<hw>antiquarian</hw> \K/antI"kwE:rI\F'\nn/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of or dealing in antiques or rare books.\p\B2\b of the study of antiquities.\p\In.\i\pan antiquary. \Bantiquarianism\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3see \J\Xantiquary\x\j\c
<hw>antiquary</hw> \K/"antIkw\F'\nri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b a student or collector of antiques or antiquities. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iantiquarius\i from \Iantiquus\i 'ancient'\c
<hw>antiquated</hw> \K/"antIkweItId/\k \Iadj.\i old-fashioned; out of date. \BEtymology:\b \3ecclesiastical Latin \Iantiquare antiquat-\i 'make old'\c
<hw>antique</hw> \K/an"ti:k/\k \In., adj., & v.\i \IFurniture Art etc.\i\p\In.\i\pan object of considerable age, esp. an item of furniture or the decorative arts having a high value. \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of or existing from an early date.\p\B2\b old-fashioned, archaic.\p\B3\b of ancient times. \Iv.tr.\i \B(antiques,\b \Bantiqued,\b \Bantiquing)\b give an antique appearance to (furniture etc.) by artificial means. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iantique\i or Latin \Iantiquus,\i \Ianticus\i 'former, ancient', from \Iante\i 'before'\c
<hw>antiquity</hw> \K/an"tIkwIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b ancient times, esp. the period before the Middle Ages.\p\B2\b great age \3(a city of great antiquity).\c\p\B3\b \I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i physical remains or relics from ancient times, esp. buildings and works of art.\p\B4\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i customs, events, etc., of ancient times.\p\B5\b \IPeople\i the people of ancient times regarded collectively. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \IantiquitΘ\i from Latin \Iantiquitas -tatis,\i from \Iantiquus:\i see \J\Xantique\x\j\c
<hw>anti-racism</hw> \K/antI"reIsIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPolit Sociol\i the policy or practice of opposing racism and promoting racial tolerance. \Banti-racist\b \In. & adj.\i
<hw>antirrhinum</hw> \K/antI"rVIn\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a plant of the genus \IAntirrhinum\i (figwort family), with tubular two-lipped flowers, esp. the snapdragon. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin from Greek \Iantirrhinon,\i from \Ianti\i 'counterfeiting' + \Irhis rhinos\i 'nose' (from the resemblance of the flower to an animal's snout)\c
<hw>antiscorbutic</hw> \K/%antIskO:"bju:tIk/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IPharm\i \Iadj.\i preventing or curing scurvy.\p\In.\i\pan antiscorbutic agent or drug.
<hw>anti-Semite</hw> \K/antI"si:mVIt/, /-"sEmVIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig Sociol\i a person hostile to or prejudiced against Jews. \Banti-Semitic\b \K/-sI"mItIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Banti-Semitism\b \K/-"sEmItIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>antisepsis</hw> \K/antI"sEpsIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i the process of using antiseptics to eliminate undesirable micro-organisms such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi that cause disease. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin (as \J\Xanti-\x,\j \J\Xsepsis\x)\j\c
<hw>antiseptic</hw> \K/antI"sEptIk/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IMed\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b counteracting sepsis esp. by preventing the growth of disease-causing micro-organisms.\p\B2\b sterile or free from contamination.\p\B3\b lacking character.\p\In.\i\pan antiseptic agent. \Bantiseptically\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>antiserum</hw> \K/"antI%sI\F'\nr\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bantisera\b \K/-r\F'\n/\k) \IMed\i a blood serum containing antibodies against specific antigens, injected to treat or protect against specific diseases.
<hw>antisocial</hw> \K/antI"s\F'\nUS(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \ISociol\i\p\B1\b contrary to or harmful to the existing social order \3(antisocial behaviour).\c\p\B2\b not sociable.\Ksenses 1 and 3 combined Aug 94\k See Usage Note at \J\Xunsociable\x.\j
<hw>antistatic</hw> \K/antI"statIk/\k \Iadj.\i \IElectr\i that counteracts the effects of static electricity.
<hw>antistrophe</hw> \K/an"tIstr\F'\nfi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IProsody\i the second section of an ancient Greek choral ode or of one division of it (see \J\Xstrophe\x 1c).\j \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin from Greek \Iantistrophe,\i from \Iantistrepho\i 'turn against'\c
<hw>anti-tank</hw> \K/antI"taNk/\k \Iattrib.adj.\i \IMil\i for use against tanks.\Knew word in COD9 f. POD Jul 93\k
<hw>antitetanus</hw> \K/antI"tEt\F'\nn\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i \IMed\i effective against tetanus.
<hw>antithesis</hw> \K/an"tIT\F'\nsIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bantitheses\b \K/-si:z/\k)\p\B1\b \I(foll. by \Bof,\b \Bto)\b\i the direct opposite.\p\B2\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bof,\b \Bbetween)\b\i contrast or opposition between two things.\p\B3\b a contrast of ideas expressed by parallelism of strongly contrasted words. \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin, from Greek \Iantitithemi\i 'set against' (as \J\Xanti-\x,\j \Itithemi\i 'place')\c
<hw>antithetical</hw> \K/antI"TEtIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i (also \Bantithetic)\b\p\B1\b contrasted, opposite.\p\B2\b connected with, containing, or using antithesis. \Bantithetically\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iantithetikos\i (as \J\Xantithesis\x)\j\c
<hw>antitoxin</hw> \K/antI"tQksIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPharm\i an antibody that counteracts a toxin. \Bantitoxic\b \Iadj.\i
<hw>antitrades</hw> \K/antI"treIdz/, /"antI-/\k \In.pl.\i \IMeteorol\i winds that blow in the opposite direction to (and usu. above) a trade wind.
<hw>antitrust</hw> \K/antI"trVst/\k \Iattrib.adj.\i \BUS\b \ILaw\i (of a law etc.) opposed to or controlling trusts or other monopolies \I(see\i \J\Xtrust\x\p\In.\i\p8c).\j
<hw>antitype</hw> \K/"antItVIp/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b that which is represented by a type or symbol.\p\B2\b a person or thing of the opposite type. \Bantitypical\b \K/-"tIpIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iantitupos\i 'corresponding as an impression to the die' (as \J\Xanti-\x,\j \Itupos\i 'stamp')\c
<hw>antivenin</hw> \K/antI"vEnIn/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bantivenom\b \K/-"vEn\F'\nm/\k) \IPharm\i an antiserum containing antibodies against specific poisons in the venom of snakes, spiders, scorpions, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xanti-\x\j + \J\Xvenom\x\j + \J\X-in\x\j\c
<hw>antiviral</hw> \K/antI"vVI\F'\nr(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \IMed\i effective against viruses.
<hw>antivivisectionism</hw> \K/%antI%vIvI"sEkS(\F'\n)nIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\popposition to vivisection. \Bantivivisectionist\b \In. & adj.\i
<hw>antler</hw> \K/"antl\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnat\i\p\B1\b each of the branched horns of a stag or other (usu. male) deer.\p\B2\b a branch of this. \Bantlered\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Anglo-French, variant of Old French \Iantoillier,\i of unknown origin\c
<hw>ant-lion</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a dragonfly-like neuropterous insect with predatory larvae which trap other insects in conical pits.
<hw>Antonine</hw> \K/"ant\F'\nnVIn/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i of or relating to the Roman emperors Antoninus Pius and Marcus Aurelius or their rules (ad 137-80).\p\In.\i\peither of the Antonine emperors.\Knew in COD9 f. corpus Mar 94\k
<hw>antonomasia</hw> \K/ant\F'\nn\F'\n"meIzI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILinguistics\i\p\B1\b the substitution of an epithet or title etc. for a proper name (e.g. \Ithe Maid of Orleans\i for Joan of Arc, \Ihis Grace\i for an archbishop).\p\B2\b the use of a proper name to express a general idea (e.g. \Ia Scrooge\i for a miser). \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, from Greek from \Iantonomazo\i 'name instead' (as \J\Xanti-\x,\j + \Ionoma\i 'name')\c
<hw>antonym</hw> \K/"ant\F'\nnIm/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILinguistics\i a word opposite in meaning to another in the same language (e.g. \Ibad\i and \Igood)\i \I(opp.\i \J\Xsynonym\x 1).\j \Bantonymous\b \K/an"tQnIm\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iantonyme\i (as \J\Xanti-\x,\j \J\Xsynonym\x)\j\c
<hw>antrum</hw> \K/"antr\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bantra\b \K/-tr\F'\n/\k) \IAnat.\i\p\B1\b a natural chamber or cavity in the body, esp. in a bone.\p\B2\b the part of the stomach just inside the pylorus.\Ksense 2 new f. NSOED, CMedD. Mar 94\k \Bantral\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, from Greek \Iantron\i 'cave'\c
<hw>ant's eggs</hw> \In.pl.\i \IZool\i \Icolloq.\i the pupae of ants.
<hw>antsy</hw> \K/"antsi/\k \Iadj.\i \BN. Amer.\b \Icolloq.\i agitated, impatient, fidgety.\Knew f. Inc., Kpb, Sept 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3from the phrase \Ihave ants in one's pants:\i see \J\Xant\x\j\c
<hw>anuran</hw> \K/\F'\n"njU\F'\nr(\F'\n)n/\k \In. & adj.\i \IZool\i\p\In.\i\pany tailless amphibian of the order Anura, including frogs and toads. \Iadj.\i of or relating to this order. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \IAnura\i \J(\Xan-\x (1)\j + Greek \Ioura\i 'tail')\c
<hw>anus</hw> \K/"eIn\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnat.\i the excretory opening at the end of the alimentary canal. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin\c
<hw>anvil</hw> \K/"anvIl/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a block (usu. of iron) with a flat top, concave sides, and often a pointed end, on which metals are worked in forging.\p\B2\b \IAnat.\i a bone of the ear; the incus. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ianfilte,\i from the Germanic base of \J\Xon\x \Iprep.\i\j + a verbal stem meaning 'beat'\c
<hw>anxiety</hw> \K/aN"zVI\F'\nti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b the state of being anxious.\p\B2\b concern about an imminent danger, difficulty, etc.\p\B3\b \I(foll. by \Bfor,\b or \Bto\b + infin.)\i anxious desire.\p\B4\b a thing that causes anxiety \3(my greatest anxiety is that I shall fall ill).\c\p\B5\b \IPsychol.\i a nervous disorder characterized by a state of excessive uneasiness. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IanxietΘ\i or Latin \Ianxietas -tatis\i (as \J\Xanxious\x)\j\c
<hw>anxiolytic</hw> \K/%aNzI\F'\n"lItIk/\k \In. & adj.\i \IPharm.\i\p\In.\i\pa drug reducing anxiety. \Iadj.\i reducing anxiety.\Knew f. Collins, NSOED Mar 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xanxiety\x\j + \J\X-lytic\x\j\c
<hw>anxious</hw> \K/"aN(k)S\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b troubled; uneasy in the mind.\p\B2\b causing or marked by anxiety \3(an anxious moment).\c\p\B3\b \I(foll. by \Bfor,\b or \Bto\b + infin.)\i earnestly or uneasily wanting or trying \3(anxious to please;\c \2anxious for you to succeed).\c \Banxiously\b \Iadv.\i \Banxiousness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ianxius\i from \Iangere\i 'choke'\c
<hw>any</hw> \K/"Eni/\k \Idet., pron., & adv.\i \Idet.\i\p\B1\b \I(with \Binterrog.,\b \Bneg.,\b or conditional expressed or implied)\i \Ba\b one, no matter which, of several \3(cannot find any answer;\c \2are there any good films on?).\c \Bb\b some, no matter how much or many or of what sort \3(if any books arrive;\c \2have you any sugar?).\c\p\B2\b a minimal amount of \3(hardly any difference).\c\p\B3\b whichever might be chosen \3(any fool knows that).\c\p\B4\b \Ba\b an appreciable or significant \3(did not stay for any length of time).\c \Bb\b a very large \3(has any amount of money).\c \Ipron.\i\p\B1\b any one \3(did not know any of them;\c \2is any of these films worth seeing?).\c\p\B2\b any number \3(are any of them yours?).\c\p\B3\b any amount \3(is there any left?).\c \Iadv.\i \I(usu. with \Bneg.\b or \Binterrog.)\b\i at all; in some degree \3(is that any good?;\c \2do not make it any larger;\c \2without being any the wiser).\c\p\1any more\c to any further extent; any longer \3(don't like you any more).\c\p\1any time\c \Icolloq.\i at any time.\p\1any time (or day or minute etc.) now\c \Icolloq.\i at any time in the near future.\p\1not having any\c \Icolloq.\i unwilling to participate. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iµnig,\i from Germanic (as \J\Xone\x,\j \J\X-y\x (1))\j\c The pronoun \Iany\i can be used with either a singular or plural verb depending on the context (see examples above).
<hw>anybody</hw> \K/"EnIbQdi/\k \In. & pron.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a person, no matter who. \Bb\b a person of any kind. \Bc\b whatever person is chosen.\p\B2\b a person of importance \3(are you anybody?).\c\p\1anybody's\c (of a contest) evenly balanced \3(it was anybody's game).\c\p\1anybody's guess\c \Isee\i \J\Xguess\x.\j
<hw>anyhow</hw> \K/"EnIhaU/\k \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b anyway.\p\B2\b in a disorderly manner or state \3(does his work anyhow;\c \2things are all anyhow).\c
<hw>anymore</hw> \K/EnI"mO:/\k \Iadv.\i \Besp. N. Amer.\b = \Iany more\i \I(see\i \J\Xany\x).\j\Knew f. SOED, corpus Jul 93\k
<hw>anyone</hw> \K/"EnIwVn/\k \Ipron.\i anybody. \IAnyone\i is written as two words to imply a numerical sense, as in \IAny one of us can do it.\i
<hw>any road</hw> \Iadv.\i \Besp. N.Engl.\b = \J\Xanyway\x 2, 3.\j\Kany road new in COD9 f. NSOED, corpus Jul 93\k
<hw>anything</hw> \K/"EnITIN/\k \Ipron.\i\p\B1\b a thing, no matter which.\p\B2\b a thing of any kind.\p\B3\b whatever thing is chosen.\p\1anything but\c not at all \3(was anything but honest).\c\p\1like anything\c \Icolloq.\i with great vigour, intensity, etc.
<hw>anytime</hw> \K/"EnItVIm/\k \Iadv.\i \Besp. N. Amer.\b \Icolloq.\i = \Iany time\i \I(see\i \J\Xany\x).\j\Knew f. SOED, corpus Jul 93\k
<hw>anyway</hw> \K/"EnIweI/\k \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b (also \Bany way)\b in any way or manner.\p\B2\b at any rate; in any case.\p\B3\b to resume \3(anyway, as I was saying).\c
<hw>anyways</hw> \K/"EnIweIz/\k \Iadv.\i \BN. Amer.\b \Icolloq.\i or \Idial.\i = \J\Xanyway\x.\j\Knew in COD9 f. SOED, corpus Jul 93\k
<hw>anywhere</hw> \K/"EnIwE:/\k \Iadv. & pron.\i \Iadv.\i in or to any place. \Ipron.\i any place \3(anywhere will do).\c
<hw>anywise</hw> \K/"EnIwVIz/\k \Iadv.\i \Iarchaic\i in any manner. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ion µnige wisan\i 'in any wise'\c
<hw>Anzac</hw> \K/"anzak/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i\p\B1\b a soldier in the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (1914-18).\p\B2\b a person, esp. a member of the armed services, from Australia or New Zealand. \BEtymology:\b \3acronym\c
<hw>Anzac Day</hw>\p\In.\i\p(in Australia and New Zealand) the day (25 April) commemorating the Anzac landing at Gallipoli in 1915.
<hw>Anzus</hw> \K/"anz\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \BANZUS)\b \IMil Polit\i Australia, New Zealand, and the US, as an alliance for the Pacific area.
<hw>AO</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IMil\i Officer of the Order of Australia.
<hw>AOB</hw> \Iabbr.\i \BBrit.\b any other business.
<hw>AOC</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IDrink\i \Iappellation d'origine contr⌠lΘe.\i\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED, corpus, News, incomings Jul 93\k
<hw>A-OK</hw> \Iabbr.\i \BN. Amer.\b \Icolloq.\i excellent; in good order. \BEtymology:\b \3\Ia\ill systems \IOK\i\c
<hw>aorist</hw> \K/"eI\F'\nrIst/, /"E:r-/\k \In. & adj.\i \IGram.\i\p\In.\i\pan unqualified past tense of a verb (esp. in Greek), without reference to duration or completion. \Iadj.\i of or designating this tense. \Baoristic\b \K/eI\F'\n"rIstIk/, /E:"r-/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iaoristos\i 'indefinite' (as \J\Xa-\x (1)\j + \Ihorizo\i 'define, limit')\c
<hw>aorta</hw> \K/eI"O:t\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Baortas)\b \IAnat\i the main artery of the body, supplying oxygenated blood to the circulatory system, in humans passing over the heart from the left ventricle and running down in front of the backbone. \Baortic\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iaorte,\i from \Ia(e)iro\i 'raise'\c
\B\Iα outrance\b\i \K/A: "u:trQns/, French /a utrA~s/\k \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b to the death.\p\B2\b to the bitter end. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = to the utmost\c
<hw>ap- (1)</hw> \K/\F'\np/, /ap/\k \Iprefix\i \Iassim. form of\i \J\Xad-\x\j before \Ip.\i
<hw>ap- (2)</hw> \K/\F'\np/, /ap/\k \Iprefix\i \Iassim. form of\i \J\Xapo-\x\j before a vowel or \Ih.\i
<hw>apace</hw> \K/\F'\n"peIs/\k \Iadv.\i \Iliterary\i swiftly, quickly. \BEtymology:\b \3Old French \Iα pas\i 'at (a considerable) pace'\c
<hw>Apache</hw> \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \K/\F'\n"patSi/\k \Ba\b \I(pl.\i same or \BApaches)\b \IPeople\i a member of a N. American Indian people of New Mexico and Arizona. \Bb\b \ILanguage\i the language of this people.\p\B2\b \B(apache\b \K/\F'\n"paS/\k) \I(pl.\i \Bapaches\b \Ipronunc.\i same) a violent street ruffian, originally in Paris. \Iadj.\i \K/\F'\n"patSi/\k of or relating to the Apache or their langauge.\Ksense 1b of n., & adj. new from NSOED Jul 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Mexican Spanish\c
<hw>apanage</hw> \K/"ap(\F'\n)nIdZ/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bappanage)\b\p\B1\b provision for the maintenance of the younger children of kings etc.\p\B2\b a perquisite.\p\B3\b a natural accompaniment or attribute. \BEtymology:\b \3French, ultimately from medieval Latin \Iappanare\i 'endow'\c
<hw>apart</hw> \K/\F'\n"pA:t/\k \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b separately; not together \3(keep your feet apart).\c\p\B2\b into pieces \3(came apart in my hands).\c\p\B3\b \Ba\b to or on one side. \Bb\b out of consideration \I(placed after noun:\i \2joking apart).\c\p\B4\b to or at a distance.\p\1apart from\c\p\B1\b excepting; not considering.\p\B2\b in addition to \3(apart from roses we grow irises).\c \Bapartness\b\p\In.\i\p\K-ness new f. SOED, corpus Dec 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French, from \Iα\i 'to' + \Ipart\i 'side'\c
<hw>apartheid</hw> \K/\F'\n"pA:theIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ihist.\i \IPolit Sociol\i (esp. in S. Africa) a policy or system of segregation or discrimination on grounds of race.\p\B2\b segregation in other contexts. \BEtymology:\b \3Afrikaans (as \J\Xapart\x,\j \J\X-hood\x)\j\c
<hw>apartment</hw> \K/\F'\n"pA:tm(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i a suite of rooms, usu. furnished and rented.\p\B2\b a single room in a house.\p\B3\b \BN. Amer.\b \Ba\b a flat. \Bb\b = \J\Xapartment building\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iappartement\i from Italian \Iappartamento,\i from \Iappartare\i 'to separate' from \Ia parte\i 'apart'\c
<hw>apartment building</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b a block of flats.\Knew f. kpb, inc., Sept 94\k
<hw>apartment hotel</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b \ICommerce\i a hotel with furnished suites of rooms including kitchen facilities, available for long-term or short-term rental.\Knew f. inc., kpb, Sept 94\k
<hw>apathetic</hw> \K/ap\F'\n"TEtIk/\k \Iadj.\i having or showing no emotion or interest. \Bapathetically\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xapathy\x,\j after \J\Xpathetic\x\j\c
<hw>apathy</hw> \K/"ap\F'\nTi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(often foll. by \Btowards)\b\i lack of interest or feeling; indifference. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iapathie\i via Latin \Iapathia\i from Greek \Iapatheia,\i from \Iapathes\i 'without feeling' (as \J\Xa-\x (1)\j + \Ipathos\i 'suffering')\c
<hw>apatite</hw> \K/"ap\F'\ntVIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMineral\i a mineral consisting of calcium phosphate with other elements, esp. fluorine, used in the manufacture of fertilizers. \BEtymology:\b \3German \IApatit\i from Greek \Iapate\i 'deceit' (from its deceptive similarity to other substances)\c
<hw>apatosaurus</hw> \K/\F'\npat\F'\n"sO:r\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a huge plant-eating dinosaur of the genus \IApatosaurus\i (formerly \IBrontosaurus),\i of the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods, with a long tail and trunklike legs. \IAlso called\i \Ibrontosaurus.\i\Knew f. OERD Apr 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin, from Greek \Iapate\i 'deceit' + \Isauros\i 'lizard'\c
<hw>APB</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BUS\b \ICriminol\i an all points bulletin.\Knew f. usab, inc., Sept 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation\c
<hw>ape</hw> \K/eIp/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool\i any of the various primates of the family Pongidae characterized by the absence of a tail, e.g. the gorilla, chimpanzee, orang-utan, and gibbon.\p\B2\b \IZool\i (in general use) any monkey.\p\B3\b \Ba\b an imitator. \Bb\b an apelike person. \Iv.tr.\i imitate, mimic.\p\1go ape\c \Islang\i become crazy. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iapa,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>apeman</hw> \K/"eIpm\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-men)\b \IZool\i any of various extinct apelike primates held to be related to present-day humans.\Khyphen removed to follow POD, CED, corpus, Nexis Jul 93\k
<hw>aperτu</hw> \K/apE:"sju:/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a summary or survey.\p\B2\b an insight. \BEtymology:\b \3French, past part. of \Iapercevoir\i 'perceive'\c
<hw>aperiodic</hw> \K/%eIpI\F'\nrI"QdIk/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b not periodic; irregular.\p\B2\b \IPhysics\i (of a potentially oscillating or vibrating system, e.g. an instrument with a pointer) that is adequately damped to prevent oscillation or vibration.\p\B3\b \IPhysics\i (of an oscillation or vibration) without a regular period. \Baperiodicity\b \K/-rI\F'\n"dIsIti/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>aperitif</hw> \K/\F'\n"pErIti:f/, /\F'\npErI"ti:f/\k\p\In.\i\p\IDrink\i an alcoholic drink taken before a meal to stimulate the appetite. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IapΘritif\i via medieval Latin \Iaperitivus\i from Latin \Iaperire\i 'to open'\c
<hw>aperture</hw> \K/"ap\F'\ntjU\F'\n/, /-tS(U)\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an opening; a gap.\p\B2\b \IPhotog\i a space through which light passes in an optical or photographic instrument, esp. a variable opening by which light enters a camera. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iapertura\i (as \J\Xaperitif\x)\j\c
<hw>apery</hw> \K/"eIp\F'\nri/\k\p\In.\i\ppretentious or silly mimicry.\Ksense ape-house omitted f. COD9: NSOED says rare, no exx on corpus Jul 93\k
<hw>apetalous</hw> \K/eI"pEt(\F'\n)l\F'\ns/, /\F'\n-/\k \Iadj.\i \IBot.\i (of flowers) having no petals. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \Iapetalus\i from Greek \Iapetalos\i 'leafless', from \Ia-\i 'not' + \Ipetalon\i 'leaf'\c
<hw>APEX</hw> \K/"eIpEks/\k \Iabbr.\i (in the UK) Association of Professional, Executive, Clerical, and Computer Staff.
<hw>Apex</hw> \K/"eIpEks/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \BAPEX)\b \I(often \Battrib.)\b\i \IAeron\i a system of reduced fares for scheduled airline flights when paid for before a certain period in advance of departure. \BEtymology:\b \3\IA\idvance \IP\iurchase \IEx\icursion\c
<hw>apex</hw> \K/"eIpEks/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bapexes\b or \Bapices\b \K/"eIpIsi:z/\k)\p\B1\b the highest point.\p\B2\b a climax; a high point of achievement etc.\p\B3\b the vertex of a triangle or cone.\p\B4\b a tip or pointed end. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = peak, tip\c
<hw>apfelstrudel</hw> \K/"apf(\F'\n)lStru:d(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i an originally Austrian confection of flaky pastry filled with spiced apple. \BEtymology:\b \3German, from \IApfel\i 'apple' + \J\Xstrudel\x\j\c
<hw>aphaeresis</hw> \K/\F'\n"fI\F'\nrIsIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILinguistics\i the omission of a letter or syllable at the beginning of a word as a morphological development (e.g. in the derivation of \Iadder).\i\Kpl. omitted Jul 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin, from Greek \Iaphairesis\i (as \J\Xapo-\x,\j \Ihaireo\i 'take')\c
<hw>aphasia</hw> \K/\F'\n"feIzI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed.\i the loss of ability to understand or express speech, owing to brain damage. \Baphasic\b \Iadj. & n.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Greek, from \Iaphatos\i 'speechless' (as \J\Xa-\x (1)\j + \Ipha-\i 'speak')\c
<hw>aphelion</hw> \K/ap"hi:lI\F'\nn/, /\F'\n"fi:lI\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Baphelia\b \K/-lI\F'\n/\k) \IAstron\i the point in the orbit of a planet, comet, etc., at which it is furthest from the sun \I(opp.\i \J\Xperihelion\x)\j (symbol \BQ).\b\Ksymb\k \BEtymology:\b \3Graecized from modern Latin \Iaphelium,\i from Greek \Iaph\i' \Iheliou\i 'from the sun'\c
<hw>aphesis</hw> \K/"afIsIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILinguistics\i the gradual loss of an unstressed vowel at the beginning of a word (e.g. of \Ie\i from \Iesquire\i to form \Isquire).\i\Kpl. omitted Jul 93\k \Baphetic\b \K/\F'\n"fEtIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Baphetically\b \K/\F'\n"fEtIk(\F'\n)li/\k \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Greek, = letting go (as \J\Xapo-\x,\j \Ihiemi\i 'send')\c
<hw>aphid</hw> \K/"eIfId/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a small homopterous insect of the family Aphididae, feeding by sucking sap from leaves, stems, or roots of plants, e.g. a greenfly, a blackfly. \BEtymology:\b \3back-formation from \Iaphides:\i see \J\Xaphis\x\j\c
<hw>aphis</hw> \K/"eIfIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Baphides\b \K/-di:z/\k) \IZool\i an aphid, esp. of the genus \IAphis\i which includes the greenfly. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from Greek, perhaps a misreading (\Fa\a° \Iaph\i for kop \Ikor)\i of \Ikoris\i 'bug'\c
<hw>aphonia</hw> \K/eI"f\F'\nUnI\F'\n/, /\F'\n-/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Baphony\b \K/"af(\F'\n)ni/\k) \IMed.\i the loss or absence of the voice through a disease of the larynx or mouth. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \Iaphonia\i from Greek, from \Iaphonos\i 'voiceless' (as \J\Xa-\x (1)\j + \Iphone\i 'voice')\c
<hw>aphorism</hw> \K/"af\F'\nrIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a short pithy maxim.\p\B2\b a brief statement of a principle. \Baphorist\b\p\In.\i\p\Baphoristic\b \K/-"rIstIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Baphoristically\b \K/-"rIstIk(\F'\n)li/\k \Iadv.\i \Baphorize\b \Iv.intr.\i (also \B-ise).\b \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iaphorisme\i or Late Latin from Greek \Iaphorismos\i 'definition', from \Iaphorizo\i (as \J\Xapo-\x,\j \Ihoros\i 'boundary')\c
<hw>aphrodisiac</hw> \K/afr\F'\n"dIzIak/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IPharm\i \Iadj.\i that arouses sexual desire.\p\In.\i\pan aphrodisiac drug. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iaphrodisiakos\i from \Iaphrodisios,\i from \IAphrodite,\i the name of the Greek goddess of love\c
<hw>aphyllous</hw> \K/\F'\n"fIl\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i \IBot.\i (of plants) having no leaves. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from Greek \Iaphullos\i (as \J\Xa-\x (1)\j + \Iphullon\i 'leaf')\c
<hw>apian</hw> \K/"eIpI\F'\nn/\k \Iadj.\i \IZool\i of or relating to bees. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iapianus\i from \Iapis\i 'bee'\c
<hw>apiary</hw> \K/"eIpI\F'\nri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IZool\i a place where bees are kept. \Bapiarist\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iapiarium\i from \Iapis\i 'bee'\c
<hw>apical</hw> \K/"eIpIk(\F'\n)l/, /"ap-/\k \Iadj.\i of, at, or forming an apex.\Kapically omitted Jul 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iapex apicis:\i see \J\Xapex\x\j\c
<hw>apices</hw> \I\Ipl.\i of\i \J\Xapex\x.\j
<hw>apiculture</hw> \K/"eIpIkVltS\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i bee-keeping. \Bapicultural\b \K/-"kVltS(\F'\n)r(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Bapiculturist\b \K/-"kVltS\F'\nrIst/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iapis\i 'bee', on the pattern of \J\Xagriculture\x\j\c
<hw>apiece</hw> \K/\F'\n"pi:s/\k \Iadv.\i for each one; severally \3(had five pounds apiece).\c \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xa\x (2)\j + \J\Xpiece\x\j\c
<hw>apish</hw> \K/"eIpIS/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of or like an ape.\p\B2\b silly; affected. \Bapishly\b \Iadv.\i \Bapishness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>aplanat</hw> \K/"apl\F'\nnat/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i a reflecting or refracting surface made aplanatic by correction. \BEtymology:\b \3German\c
<hw>aplanatic</hw> \K/apl\F'\n"natIk/\k \Iadj.\i \IPhysics\i (of a reflecting or refracting surface) free from spherical aberration. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iaplanetos\i 'free from error' (as \J\Xa-\x (1)\j + \Iplanao\i 'wander')\c
<hw>aplasia</hw> \K/\F'\n"pleIzI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed.\i total or partial failure of development of an organ or tissue. \Baplastic\b \K/\F'\n"plastIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Greek (as \J\Xa-\x (1)\j + \Iplasis\i 'formation')\c
<hw>aplenty</hw> \K/\F'\n"plEnti/\k \Iadv.\i in plenty.
<hw>aplomb</hw> \K/\F'\n"plQm/\k\p\In.\i\passurance; self-confidence. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = perpendicularity, from \Iα plomb\i 'according to a plummet'\c
<hw>apnoea</hw> \K/ap"ni:\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Bapnea)\b \IMed.\i a temporary cessation of breathing. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from Greek \Iapnoia,\i from \Iapnous\i 'breathless'\c
<hw>apo-</hw> \K/"ap\F'\nU/\k \Iprefix\i\p\B1\b away from \3(apogee).\c\p\B2\b separate \3(apocarpous).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iapo\i 'from, away, un-, quite'\c
<hw>Apoc.</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IBibl\i\p\B1\b Apocalypse (New Testament).\p\B2\b Apocrypha.
<hw>apocalypse</hw> \K/\F'\n"pQk\F'\nlIps/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \B(the Apocalypse)\b \IRelig\i = \J\Xrevelation\x 3.\j\p\B2\b a revelation, esp. of the end of the world.\p\B3\b a grand or violent event resembling those described in the Apocalypse. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French, ultimately from Greek \Iapokalupsis\i from \Iapokalupto\i 'uncover, reveal'\c
<hw>apocalyptic</hw> \K/\F'\npQk\F'\n"lIptIk/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IRelig\i of or resembling the Apocalypse.\p\B2\b revelatory, prophetic. \Bapocalyptically\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iapokaluptikos\i (as \J\Xapocalypse\x)\j\c
<hw>apocarpous</hw> \K/ap\F'\n"kA:p\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i \IBot.\i (of ovaries) having distinct carpels not joined together \I(opp.\i \J\Xsyncarpous\x).\j \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xapo-\x\j + Greek \Ikarpos\i 'fruit'\c
<hw>apochromat</hw> \K/"ap\F'\nkr\F'\nmat/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i a lens or lens system that reduces spherical and chromatic aberrations. \Bapochromatic\b \K/-kr\F'\n"matIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xapo-\x\j + \J\Xchromatic\x\j\c
<hw>apocope</hw> \K/\F'\n"pQk\F'\npi/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILinguistics\i the omission of a letter or letters at the end of a word as a morphological development (e.g. in the derivation of \Icurio).\i \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin from Greek \Iapokope\i (as \J\Xapo-\x,\j \Ikopto\i 'cut')\c
<hw>Apocr.</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IRelig\i Apocrypha.
<hw>apocrine</hw> \K/"ap\F'\nkrVIn/, /-krIn/\k \Iadj.\i \IBiol.\i (of a multicellular gland, e.g. the mammary gland) releasing parts of its cells with its secretion. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xapo-\x\j + Greek \Ikrino\i 'sift'\c
<hw>Apocrypha</hw> \K/\F'\n"pQkrIf\F'\n/\k \In.pl.\i \I(also treated as \Ising.)\i\i\p\B1\b \IRelig\i biblical writings not forming part of the accepted canon.\p\B2\b \B(apocrypha)\b writings or reports not considered genuine. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via ecclesiastical Latin \Iapocrypha\i \I(scripta)\i 'hidden (writings)' from Greek \Iapokruphos,\i from \Iapokrupto\i 'hide away'\c The Old Testament Apocrypha include those writings appearing in the Septuagint and Vulgate versions but not in the Hebrew Bible; they are accepted by the Roman Catholic Church as the 'deuterocanonical' books.
<hw>apocryphal</hw> \K/\F'\n"pQkrIf(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IRelig\i of doubtful authenticity (originally of some early Christian texts resembling those of the New Testament).\p\B2\b invented, mythical \3(an apocryphal story).\c\p\B3\b \IRelig\i of or belonging to the Apocrypha.
<hw>apodal</hw> \K/"ap\F'\nd(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \IZool.\i\p\B1\b without (or with undeveloped) feet.\p\B2\b (of fish) without ventral fins. \BEtymology:\b \3obsolete \Iapod\i 'apodal creature' from Greek \Iapous\i 'footless' (as \J\Xa-\x (1)\j + \Ipous podos\i 'foot')\c
<hw>apodosis</hw> \K/\F'\n"pQd\F'\nsIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bapodoses\b \K/-%si:z/\k) \IGram\i the main (consequent) clause of a conditional sentence (e.g. \II would agree\i in \Iif you asked me I would agree).\i \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin, from Greek from \Iapodidomi\i 'give back' (as \J\Xapo-\x,\j \Ididomi\i 'give')\c
<hw>apogee</hw> \K/"ap\F'\ndZi:/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IAstron\i the point in a body's orbit at which it is furthest from the earth \I(opp.\i \J\Xperigee\x).\j\p\B2\b the most distant or highest point. \Bapogean\b \K/ap\F'\n"dZi:\F'\nn/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \IapogΘe\i or modern Latin \Iapogaeum,\i from Greek \Iapogeion\i 'away from earth' (as \J\Xapo-\x,\j \Ige\i 'earth')\c
<hw>apolitical</hw> \K/eIp\F'\n"lItIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \IPolit\i not interested in or concerned with politics.
<hw>Apollinaris</hw> \K/\F'\npQlI"nE:rIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IDrink\i an effervescent mineral water from Apollinarisburg.\Knew f. SOED; needed for polly entry Aug 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3\IApollinarisburg\i in the Rhineland of Germany\c
<hw>Apollonian</hw> \K/ap\F'\n"l\F'\nUnI\F'\nn/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IMythol\i of or relating to Apollo, the Greek and Roman sun-god, patron of music and poetry.\p\B2\b orderly, rational, self-disciplined. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \IApollonius\i from Greek \IApollonios\i\c
<hw>apologetic</hw> \K/\F'\npQl\F'\n"dZEtIk/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b regretfully acknowledging or excusing an offence or failure.\p\B2\b diffident.\p\B3\b of reasoned defence or vindication.\p\In.\i\p\I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i \IRelig\i a reasoned defence, esp. of Christianity. \Bapologetically\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \IapologΘtique\i via Late Latin \Iapologeticus\i from Greek \Iapologetikos,\i from \Iapologeomai\i 'speak in defence'\c
<hw>apologia</hw> \K/ap\F'\n"l\F'\nUdZI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pa formal defence of one's opinions or conduct. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin: see \J\Xapology\x\j\c
<hw>apologist</hw> \K/\F'\n"pQl\F'\ndZIst/\k\p\In.\i\pa person who defends something by argument. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iapologiste\i from Greek \Iapologizomai\i 'render account', from \Iapologos\i 'account'\c
<hw>apologize</hw> \K/\F'\n"pQl\F'\ndZVIz/\k \Iv.intr.\i (also \B-ise)\b make an apology; express regret. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iapologizomai:\i see \J\Xapologist\x\j\c
<hw>apologue</hw> \K/"ap\F'\nlQg/\k\p\In.\i\pa moral fable. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iapologue\i or Latin \Iapologus,\i from Greek \Iapologos\i 'story' (as \J\Xapo-\x,\j \Ilogos\i 'discourse')\c
<hw>apology</hw> \K/\F'\n"pQl\F'\ndZi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b a regretful acknowledgement of an offence or failure.\p\B2\b an assurance that no offence was intended.\p\B3\b an explanation or defence.\p\B4\b \I(foll. by \Bfor)\b\i a poor or scanty specimen of \3(this apology for a letter).\c \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iapologie\i or Late Latin \Iapologia\i from Greek (as \J\Xapologetic\x)\j\c
<hw>apolune</hw> \K/"ap\F'\n(U)lu:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAstron\i the point in a body's lunar orbit at which it is furthest from the moon \I(opp.\i \J\Xperilune\x).\j \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xapo-\x\j + Latin \Iluna\i 'moon', on the pattern of \Iapogee\i\c
<hw>apophthegm</hw> \K/"ap\F'\nTEm/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b also \Bapothegm)\b a terse saying or maxim, an aphorism. \Bapophthegmatic\b \K/-TEg"matIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iapophthegme\i or modern Latin \Iapothegma\i from Greek \Iapophthegma -matos,\i from \Iapophtheggomai\i 'speak out'\c
<hw>apoplectic</hw> \K/ap\F'\n"plEktIk/\k \Iadj.\i \IMed\i\p\B1\b of, causing, suffering, or liable to apoplexy.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i enraged. \Bapoplectically\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iapoplectique\i or Late Latin \Iapoplecticus\i from Greek \Iapoplektikos,\i from \Iapoplesso\i 'strike completely' (as \J\Xapo-\x,\j \Iplesso\i 'strike')\c
<hw>apoplexy</hw> \K/"ap\F'\nplEksi/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMed.\i = \J\Xstroke\x\p\In.\i\p2.\j\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i a rush of extreme emotion, esp. anger.\Ksense 2 new f. incomings April 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iapoplexie\i and Late Latin \Iapoplexia\i from Greek \Iapoplexia\i (as \J\Xapoplectic\x)\j\c
<hw>apoptosis</hw> \K/ap\F'\np"t\F'\nUsIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiol.\i the controlled death of cells as part of an organism's normal growth, development, etc. \Bapoptotic\b \K/-"tQtIk/\k \Iadj.\i\Knew f. OERD Mar 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iapoptosis\i 'falling off' (as \J\Xapo-\x\j + \J\Xptosis\x)\j\c
<hw>aporia</hw> \K/\F'\n"pO:rI\F'\n/, /\F'\n"pQrI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IRhet.\i an expression of doubt.\p\B2\b a doubtful matter; a perplexing difficulty.\Knew word in COD9 f. NSOED, COD box Jul 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin from Greek, from \Iaporos\i 'impassable' (as \J\Xa-\x (1)\j + \Iporos\i 'passage')\c
<hw>apostasy</hw> \K/\F'\n"pQst\F'\nsi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \IRelig\i renunciation of a belief or faith, esp. religious.\p\B2\b abandonment of principles or of a party.\p\B3\b an instance of apostasy. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via ecclesiastical Latin and NT Greek \Iapostasia\i from \Iapostasis\i 'defection' (as \J\Xapo-\x,\j \Istat-\i 'stand')\c
<hw>apostate</hw> \K/"ap\F'\nsteIt/\k \In. & adj.\i \IRelig\i\p\In.\i\pa person who renounces a belief, adherence, etc. \Iadj.\i engaged in apostasy. \Bapostatical\b \K/ap\F'\n"statIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iapostate\i or ecclesiastical Latin \Iapostata\i from Greek \Iapostates\i 'deserter' (as \J\Xapostasy\x)\j\c
<hw>apostatize</hw> \K/\F'\n"pQst\F'\ntVIz/\k \Iv.intr.\i (also \B-ise)\b \IRelig. etc.\i renounce a former belief, adherence, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Iapostatizare\i from \Iapostata:\i see \J\Xapostate\x\j\c
<hw>a posteriori</hw> \K/eI/, /A:/, /pQ%stErI"O:rVI/, /pQ%stI\F'\n-/\k \Iadj. & adv.\i \ILogic\i \Iadj.\i (of reasoning) inductive, empirical; proceeding from effects to causes. \Iadv.\i inductively, empirically; from effects to causes \I(opp.\i \J\Xa priori\x).\j \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = from what comes after\c
<hw>apostle</hw> \K/\F'\n"pQs(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IRelig\i \Ba\b \B(Apostle)\b each of the twelve chief disciples of Jesus Christ. \Bb\b any of a number of early Christian teachers ranked with these, esp. St Paul.\Ksense 1b new f. JHM Aug 94\k \Bc\b the first successful Christian missionary in a country or to a people.\p\B2\b a leader or outstanding figure, esp. of a reform movement \3(apostle of temperance).\c\p\B3\b a messenger or representative. \Bapostleship\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iapostol\i via ecclesiastical Latin \Iapostolus\i from Greek \Iapostolos\i 'messenger' (as \J\Xapo-\x,\j \Istello\i 'send forth')\c
<hw>apostle-bird</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i any of various Australian birds, forming flocks of about a dozen.
<hw>Apostles' Creed</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i an early form of the Christian creed, traditionally ascribed to the Apostles.
<hw>apostolate</hw> \K/\F'\n"pQst\F'\nleIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IRelig\i the position or authority of an Apostle.\p\B2\b leadership in reform. \BEtymology:\b \3ecclesiastical Latin \Iapostolatus\i (as \J\Xapostle\x)\j\c
<hw>apostolic</hw> \K/ap\F'\n"stQlIk/\k \Iadj.\i \IRelig\i\p\B1\b of or relating to the Apostles.\p\B2\b of the Pope regarded as the successor of St Peter.\p\B3\b of the character of an Apostle. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iapostolique\i or ecclesiastical Latin \Iapostolicus,\i from Greek \Iapostolikos\i (as \J\Xapostle\x)\j\c
<hw>Apostolic Fathers</hw> \In.pl.\i \IRelig\i the Christian leaders immediately succeeding the Apostles.
<hw>apostolic succession</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i the uninterrupted transmission of spiritual authority from the Apostles through successive popes and bishops.
<hw>apostrophe (1)</hw> \K/\F'\n"pQstr\F'\nfi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGram\i a punctuation mark used to indicate:\p\B1\b the omission of letters or numbers (e.g. \Ican\i'\It;\i \Ihe\i'\Is;\i \I1 Jan.\i '\I92).\i\p\B2\b the possessive case (e.g. \IHarry\i'\Is book;\i \Iboys\i' \Icoats).\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iapostrophe\i or Late Latin \Iapostrophus\i from Greek \Iapostrophos\i 'accent of elision', from \Iapostrepho\i 'turn away' (as \J\Xapo-\x,\j \Istrepho\i 'turn')\c
<hw>apostrophe (2)</hw> \K/\F'\n"pQstr\F'\nfi/\k\p\In.\i\pan exclamatory passage in a speech or poem, addressed to a person (often dead or absent) or thing (often personified). \Bapostrophize\b \Iv.tr. & intr.\i (also \B-ise).\b \BEtymology:\b \3Latin from Greek, literally 'turning away' (as \J\Xapostrophe\x (1))\j\c
<hw>apothecaries' measure</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bapothecaries' weight)\b \Ihist.\i units of weight and liquid volume formerly used in pharmacy (12 ounces = one pound; 20 fluid ounces = one pint).
<hw>apothecary</hw> \K/\F'\n"pQTIk(\F'\n)ri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IPharm\i \Iarchaic\i a chemist licensed to dispense medicines and drugs. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iapotecaire,\i Late Latin \Iapothecarius,\i and Latin \Iapotheca\i from Greek \Iapotheke\i 'storehouse'\c
<hw>apothem</hw> \K/"ap\F'\nTEm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeom.\i a line from the centre of a regular polygon at right angles to any of its sides. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iapotithemi\i 'put aside' (as \J\Xapo-\x,\j \Itithemi\i 'place')\c
<hw>apotheosis</hw> \K/\F'\npQTI"\F'\nUsIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bapotheoses\b \K/-si:z/\k)\p\B1\b \IRelig\i elevation to divine status; deification.\p\B2\b a glorification of a thing; a sublime example \3(apotheosis of the dance).\c\p\B3\b a deified ideal. \BEtymology:\b \3ecclesiastical Latin, from Greek \Iapotheoo\i 'make a god of' (as \J\Xapo-\x,\j \Itheos\i 'god')\c
<hw>apotropaic</hw> \K/ap\F'\ntr\F'\n"peIIk/\k \Iadj.\i supposedly having the power to avert an evil influence or bad luck. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iapotropaios\i (as \J\Xapo-\x,\j \Itrepo\i 'turn')\c
<hw>app</hw> \K/ap/\k\p\In.\i\p\Besp. N. Amer.\b \IComputing\i application.\Knew f. KPB, incomings Oct 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation\c
<hw>appal</hw> \K/\F'\n"pO:l/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(US\b \Bappall)\b \B(appalled,\b \Bappalling)\b\p\B1\b greatly dismay or horrify.\p\B2\b (as \Bappalling\b \Iadj.)\i \Icolloq.\i shocking; unpleasant; bad. \Bappallingly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iapalir\i 'grow pale'\c
<hw>Appaloosa</hw> \K/ap\F'\n"lu:s\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i\p\B1\b a horse of a N. American breed having dark spots on a light background.\p\B2\b this breed. \BEtymology:\b \3\IOpelousas\i in Louisiana, or \IPalouse,\i a river in Idaho\c
<hw>appanage</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xapanage\x.\j
<hw>apparat</hw> \K/ap\F'\n"rA:t/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i \Iesp. hist.\i the administrative system of a Communist party, esp. in a Communist country. \BEtymology:\b \3Russian from German, = apparatus\c
<hw>apparatchik</hw> \K/ap\F'\n"ratSIk/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bapparatchiks\b or \Bapparatchiki\b \K/-%ki:/\k) \IPolit\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \Iesp. hist.\i a member of a Communist apparat. \Bb\b a Communist agent or spy.\p\B2\b \Ba\b a member of a political party in any country who executes policy; a zealous functionary. \Bb\b an official of a public or private organization. \BEtymology:\b \3Russian: see \J\Xapparat\x\j\c
<hw>apparatus</hw> \K/ap\F'\n"reIt\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ISci\i the equipment needed for a particular purpose or function, esp. scientific or technical.\p\B2\b \IPolit\i a political or other complex organization.\p\B3\b \IAnat.\i the organs used to perform a particular process.\p\B4\b (in full \Bapparatus criticus\b \K/"krItIk\F'\ns/\k) a collection of variants and annotations accompanying a printed text and usu. appearing below it. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, from \Iapparare apparat-\i 'make ready for'\c
<hw>apparel</hw> \K/\F'\n"par(\F'\n)l/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \BUS\b or \Iformal\i clothing, dress.\p\B2\b \IRelig\i embroidered ornamentation on some ecclesiastical vestments. \Iv.tr.\i \B(apparelled,\b \Bapparelling;\b \BUS\b \Bappareled,\b \Bappareling)\b \Iarchaic\i clothe. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English \Iaparailen,\i in the sense 'make ready or fit', from Old French \Iapareillier,\i ultimately from Latin \Ipar\i 'equal'\c
<hw>apparent</hw> \K/\F'\n"par(\F'\n)nt/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b readily visible or perceivable.\p\B2\b seeming. \Bapparently\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iaparant\i from Latin (as \J\Xappear\x)\j\c
<hw>apparent magnitude</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAstron\i the magnitude, i.e. brightness, of a celestial object as seen from the earth \I(opp.\i \J\Xabsolute magnitude\x).\j
<hw>apparent time</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAstron\i solar time (see \J\Xsolar\x \Iadj.\i).\j
<hw>apparition</hw> \K/ap\F'\n"rIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\pa sudden or dramatic appearance, esp. of a ghost or phantom; a visible ghost. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from French \Iapparition\i or from Latin \Iapparitio\i 'attendance' (as \J\Xappear\x)\j\c
<hw>appeal</hw> \K/\F'\n"pi:l/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i make an earnest or formal request; plead \3(appealed for calm;\c \2appealed to us not to leave).\c\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bto)\b\i be attractive or of interest; be pleasing.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bto)\b\i resort to or cite for support.\p\B4\b \ILaw\i \Ba\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i apply (to a higher court) for a reconsideration of the decision of a lower court. \Bb\b \Itr.\i refer to a higher court to review (a case). \Bc\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bagainst)\b\i apply to a higher court to reconsider (a verdict or sentence).\p\B5\b \Iintr.\i \ICricket\i call on the umpire for a decision on whether a batsman is out.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or an instance of appealing.\p\B2\b a formal or urgent request for public support, esp. financial, for a cause.\p\B3\b \ILaw\i the referral of a case to a higher court.\p\B4\b attractiveness; appealing quality \3(sex appeal).\c \Bappealer\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iapel,\i \Iapeler\i from Latin \Iappellare\i 'to address'\c
<hw>appealable</hw> \K/\F'\n"pi:l\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \ILaw\i (of a case) that can be referred to a higher court for review.
<hw>appear</hw> \K/\F'\n"pI\F'\n/\k \Iv.intr.\i\p\B1\b become or be visible.\p\B2\b be evident \3(a new problem then appeared).\c\p\B3\b seem; have the appearance of being \3(appeared unwell;\c \2you appear to be right).\c\p\B4\b present oneself publicly or formally, esp. on stage or as the accused or counsel in a law court.\p\B5\b be published \3(it appeared in the papers;\c \2a new edition will appear).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iapareir\i from Latin \Iapparere apparit-\i 'come in sight'\c
<hw>appearance</hw> \K/\F'\n"pI\F'\nr(\F'\n)ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or an instance of appearing.\p\B2\b an outward form as perceived (whether correctly or not), esp. visually \3(smartened up his appearance;\c \2gives an appearance of scalded skin).\c\p\B3\b a semblance \3(lend an appearance of legitimacy).\c\p\1keep up appearances\c maintain an impression or pretence of virtue, affluence, etc.\p\1make (or put in) an appearance\c be present, esp. briefly.\p\1to all appearances\c as far as can be seen; apparently. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iaparance,\i \I-ence\i from Late Latin \Iapparentia\i (as \J\Xappear\x,\j \J\X-ance\x)\j\c
<hw>appease</hw> \K/\F'\n"pi:z/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b make calm or quiet, esp. conciliate (a potential aggressor) by making concessions.\p\B2\b satisfy (an appetite, scruples). \Bappeasement\b\p\In.\i\p\Bappeaser\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Anglo-French \Iapeser,\i Old French \Iapaisier\i from \Iα\i 'to' + \Ipais\i \J\Xpeace\x\j\c
<hw>appellant</hw> \K/\F'\n"pEl(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i a person who appeals to a higher court. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from French (as \J\Xappeal\x,\j \J\X-ant\x)\j\c
<hw>appellate</hw> \K/\F'\n"pEl\F'\nt/\k \Iadj.\i \ILaw\i (esp. of a court) concerned with or dealing with appeals. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iappellatus\i (as \J\Xappeal\x,\j \J\X-ate\x (2))\j\c
<hw>appellation</hw> \K/ap\F'\n"leIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Iformal\i a name or title; nomenclature. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Iappellatio -onis\i (as \J\Xappeal\x,\j \J\X-ation\x)\j\c
\B\Iappellation contr⌠lΘe\b\i \K/ap\F'\n%lasjQn k\F'\nn"trQleI/, French /apElasjO~ kO~trole/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \B\Iappellation d'origine\b\i \K/dOriZin/\k \B\Icontr⌠lΘe)\b\i \ICommerce Drink\i a guarantee of the description of a bottle of French wine or of a foodstuff as to its origin, in conformity with statutory regulations.\Knew word in COD9 f. NSOED Jul 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3French, = controlled appellation\c
<hw>appellative</hw> \K/\F'\n"pEl\F'\ntIv/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b naming.\p\B2\b \IGram.\i (of a noun) that designates a class; common. \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Iappellativus\i (as \J\Xappeal\x,\j \J\X-ative\x)\j\c
<hw>append</hw> \K/\F'\n"pEnd/\k \Iv.tr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bto)\b\i attach, affix, add, esp. to a written document etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iappendere\i 'hang'\c
<hw>appendage</hw> \K/\F'\n"pEndIdZ/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b something attached; an addition.\p\B2\b \IZool.\i a leg or other projecting part of an arthropod.
<hw>appendant</hw> \K/\F'\n"pEnd(\F'\n)nt/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bto)\b\i attached in a subordinate capacity.\p\In.\i\pan appendant person or thing. \BEtymology:\b \3Old French \Iapendant\i from \Iapendre\i (as \J\Xappend\x,\j \J\X-ant\x)\j\c
<hw>appendectomy</hw> \K/ap(\F'\n)n"dEkt\F'\nmi/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \BBrit.\b \Bappendicectomy\b \K/\F'\npEndI"sEkt\F'\nmi/\k) \I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \ISurgery\i the surgical removal of the appendix. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xappendix\x\j + \J\X-ectomy\x\j\c
<hw>appendicitis</hw> \K/\F'\npEndI"sVItIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i inflammation of the appendix. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xappendix\x\j + \J\X-itis\x\j\c
<hw>appendix</hw> \K/\F'\n"pEndIks/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bappendices\b \K/-si:z/\k; \Bappendixes)\b\p\B1\b (in full \Bvermiform appendix)\b \IAnat.\i a small outgrowth of tissue forming a tube-shaped sac attached to the lower end of the large intestine.\p\B2\b subsidiary matter at the end of a book or document. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iappendix -icis\i from \Iappendere\i \J\Xappend\x\j\c
<hw>apperceive</hw> \K/ap\F'\n"si:v/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b be conscious of perceiving.\p\B2\b \IPsychol.\i compare (a perception) to previously held ideas so as to extract meaning from it. \Bapperception\b \K/-"sEpS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bapperceptive\b \K/-"sEptIv/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English (in obsolete sense 'observe') from Old French \Iaperceveir,\i ultimately from Latin \Ipercipere\i \J\Xperceive\x\j\c
<hw>appertain</hw> \K/ap\F'\n"teIn/\k \Iv.intr.\i \I(foll. by \Bto)\b\i\p\B1\b relate.\p\B2\b belong as a possession or right.\p\B3\b be appropriate. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iapertenir\i and Late Latin \Iappertinere\i from Latin \Ipertinere\i \J\Xpertain\x\j\c
<hw>appetence</hw> \K/"apIt(\F'\n)ns/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bappetency\b \K/-(\F'\n)nsi/\k) \I(pl.\i \B-ces\b or \B-cies)\b \I(foll. by \Bfor)\b\i longing or desire. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IappΘtence\i or Latin \Iappetentia,\i from \Iappetere\i 'seek after'\c
<hw>appetite</hw> \K/"apItVIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a natural desire to satisfy bodily needs, esp. for food or sexual activity.\p\B2\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bfor)\b\i an inclination or desire. \Bappetitive\b \K/\F'\n"pEtItIv/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iapetit\i from Latin \Iappetitus,\i from \Iappetere\i 'seek after'\c
<hw>appetizer</hw> \K/"apItVIz\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \B-iser)\b a small amount, esp. of food or drink, to stimulate an appetite. \BEtymology:\b \3\Iappetize\i (back-formation from \J\Xappetizing\x)\j\c
<hw>appetizing</hw> \K/"apItVIzIN/\k \Iadj.\i (also \B-ising)\b stimulating an appetite, esp. for food. \Bappetizingly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \IappΘtissant,\i irregular formation from \IappΘtit\i (as \J\Xappetite\x)\j\c
<hw>applaud</hw> \K/\F'\n"plO:d/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i express strong approval or praise, esp. by clapping.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i express approval of (a person or action) verbally or by clapping. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iapplaudere applaus-\i 'clap hands'\c
<hw>applause</hw> \K/\F'\n"plO:z/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an expression of approbation, esp. from an audience etc. by clapping.\p\B2\b emphatic approval. \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Iapplausus\i (as \J\Xapplaud\x)\j\c
<hw>apple</hw> \K/"ap(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b the fruit of a tree of the genus \IMalus,\i rounded in form and with a crisp flesh.\p\B2\b (in full \Bapple tree)\b the tree bearing this.\p\1apple of one's eye\c \I(prec. by \Bthe)\b\i a cherished person or thing.\p\1she's apples\c \BAustral.\b \Islang\i everything is fine.\p\1upset the apple-cart\c spoil careful plans. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iµppel,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>apple-cheeked</hw> \Iadj.\i having round rosy cheeks.\Knew f. corpus Dec 93\k
<hw>applejack</hw> \K/"ap(\F'\n)ldZak/\k\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b \IDrink\i a spirit distilled from fermented apple juice. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xapple\x\j + \J\Xjack\x (1)\j\c
<hw>apple-pie bed</hw>\p\In.\i\pa bed made (as a joke) with the sheets folded short, so that the legs cannot be accommodated.
<hw>appliance</hw> \K/\F'\n"plVI\F'\nns/\k\p\In.\i\pa device or piece of equipment used for a specific task, esp. a machine for domestic use. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xapply\x\j + \J\X-ance\x\j\c
<hw>applicable</hw> \K/\F'\n"plIk\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/, /"aplIk-/\k \Iadj.\i \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i\p\B1\b that may be applied.\p\B2\b having reference; appropriate. \Bapplicability\b \K/-"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bapplicably\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old French \Iapplicable\i or medieval Latin \Iapplicabilis\i (as \J\Xapply\x,\j \J\X-able\x)\j\c
<hw>applicant</hw> \K/"aplIk(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\pa person who applies for something, esp. a job. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xapplication\x\j + \J\X-ant\x\j\c
<hw>application</hw> \K/aplI"keIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act of applying, esp. medicinal ointment to the skin.\p\B2\b a formal request, usu. in writing, for employment, membership, etc.\p\B3\b \Ba\b relevance. \Bb\b the use to which something can or should be put.\p\B4\b sustained or concentrated effort; diligence. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Iapplicatio -onis\i (as \J\Xapply\x,\j \J\X-ation\x)\j\c
<hw>application program</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IComputing\i a computer program designed and written to fulfil a particular purpose of the user.\Knew f. Coll., corpus Mar 94\k
<hw>applicator</hw> \K/"aplIkeIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pa device for applying a substance to a surface, esp. the skin, or for inserting something into a cavity, esp. into the body. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xapplication\x\j + \J\X-or\x (1)\j\c
<hw>applied</hw> \K/\F'\n"plVId/\k \Iadj.\i (of a subject of study) put to practical use as opposed to being theoretical \I(cf.\i \J\Xpure\x \Iadj.\i 9).\j
<hw>appliquΘ</hw> \K/\F'\n"pli:keI/\k \In., adj., & v.\i \INeedlework\i\p\In.\i\pornamental work in which fabric is cut out and attached, usu. sewn, to the surface of another fabric to form pictures or patterns. \Iadj.\i executed in appliquΘ. \Iv.tr.\i \B(appliquΘs,\b \BappliquΘd,\b \BappliquΘing)\b decorate with appliquΘ; make using appliquΘ technique. \BEtymology:\b \3French, past part. of \Iappliquer\i 'apply' from Latin \Iapplicare:\i see \J\Xapply\x\j\c
<hw>apply</hw> \K/\F'\n"plVI/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B(-ies,\b \B-ied)\b\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bfor,\b \Bto,\b or \Bto\b + infin.)\i make a formal request for something to be done, given, etc. \3(apply for a job;\c \2apply for help to the governors;\c \2applied to be sent overseas).\c\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i have relevance \3(does not apply in this case).\c\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b make use of as relevant or suitable; employ \3(apply the rules).\c \Bb\b operate \3(apply the handbrake).\c\p\B4\b \Itr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i \Ba\b put or spread on \3(applied the ointment to the cut).\c \Bb\b administer \3(applied the remedy;\c \2applied common sense to the problem).\c\p\B5\b \Irefl.\i \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i devote oneself \3(applied myself to the task).\c \Bapplier\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iaplier\i from Latin \Iapplicare\i 'fold, fasten to'\c
<hw>appoggiatura</hw> \K/\F'\npQdZ\F'\n"tU\F'\nr\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMus.\i a grace note performed before an essential note of a melody and normally taking half its time value. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian, = lean upon, rest\c
<hw>appoint</hw> \K/\F'\n"pOInt/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b assign a post or office to \3(appoint him governor;\c \2appoint him to govern;\c \2appointed to the post).\c\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Bfor)\b\i fix, decide on (a time, place, etc.) \3(Wednesday was appointed for the meeting;\c \28.30 was the appointed time).\c\p\B3\b prescribe; ordain \3(Holy Writ appointed by the Church).\c\p\B4\b \ILaw\i \Ba\b \I(also \Babsol.)\b\i declare the destination of (property etc.). \Bb\b declare (a person) as having an interest in property etc. \3(Jones was appointed in the will).\c\p\B5\b (as \Bappointed\b \Iadj.)\i equipped, furnished \3(a badly appointed hotel).\c \Bappointee\b \K/-"ti:/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bappointer\b\p\In.\i\p\Bappointive\b \Iadj.\i \Besp. N. Amer.\b (in sense 1 of \Iv.).\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iapointer,\i from \Iα point\i 'to a point'\c
<hw>appointment</hw> \K/\F'\n"pOIntm(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an arrangement to meet at a specific time and place.\p\B2\b \Ba\b a post or office available for applicants, or recently filled \3(took up the appointment on Monday).\c \Bb\b a person appointed.\p\B3\b \I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i \Ba\b furniture, fittings. \Bb\b equipment. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iapointement\i (as \J\Xappoint\x,\j \J\X-ment\x)\j\c
<hw>apport</hw> \K/\F'\n"pO:t/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the production of material objects by supposedly occult means at a seance.\p\B2\b an object so produced. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, in the sense 'something brought', from Old French \Iaport\i from \Iaporter,\i from \Iα\i 'to' + \Iporter\i 'bring'\c
<hw>apportion</hw> \K/\F'\n"pO:S(\F'\n)n/\k \Iv.tr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i share out; assign as a share. \Bapportionable\b \Iadj.\i\K-ment denested Sept 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iapportionner\i or medieval Latin \Iapportionare\i (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \J\Xportion\x)\j\c
<hw>apportionment</hw> \K/\F'\n"pO:S\F'\nnm(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or an instance of apportioning.\p\B2\b \BUS\b \IPolit\i the determination of the proportional number of members each state sends to the House of Representatives (based on population figures).\Kdenested Sept 94\k
<hw>apposite</hw> \K/"ap\F'\nzIt/\k \Iadj.\i \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i\p\B1\b apt; well chosen.\p\B2\b well expressed. \Bappositely\b \Iadv.\i \Bappositeness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iappositus\i past part. of \Iapponere\i (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \Iponere\i 'put')\c
<hw>apposition</hw> \K/ap\F'\n"zIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b placing side by side; juxtaposition.\p\B2\b \IGram.\i the placing of a word next to another, esp. the addition of one noun to another, in order to qualify or explain the first (e.g. \IWilliam the Conqueror;\i \Imy friend Sue).\i \Bappositional\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from French \Iapposition\i or Late Latin \Iappositio\i (as \J\Xapposite\x,\j \J\X-ition\x)\j\c
<hw>appraisal</hw> \K/\F'\n"preIz(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or an instance of appraising.\p\B2\b a formal evaluation of the performance of an employee over a particular period.\Ksense 2 new in COD9 f. News Jul 93\k
<hw>appraise</hw> \K/\F'\n"preIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b estimate the value or quality of \3(appraised her skills).\c\p\B2\b (esp. of an official valuer) set a price on; value.\p\B3\b evaluate the performance of (an employee) formally.\Ksense 3 new in COD9 f. News Jul 93\k \Bappraisable\b \Iadj.\i \Bappraisee\b \K/-"zi:/\k\p\In.\i\p\K-ee new f. News, SOED mar 94\k \Bappraiser\b\p\In.\i\p\Bappraisingly\b \Iadv.\i\K-ingly new f. corpus, SOED Dec 93\k \Bappraisive\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3from \J\Xapprize\x,\j by assimilation to \J\Xpraise\x\j\c
<hw>appreciable</hw> \K/\F'\n"pri:S\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/, /-SI\F'\n-/\k \Iadj.\i large enough to be noticed; significant; considerable \3(appreciable progress has been made).\c \Bappreciably\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French, from \IapprΘcier\i (as \J\Xappreciate\x)\j\c
<hw>appreciate</hw> \K/\F'\n"pri:SIeIt/, /-sI-/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b esteem highly; value. \Bb\b be grateful for \3(we appreciate your sympathy).\c \Bc\b be sensitive to \3(appreciate the nuances).\c\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bthat\b + clause)\i understand; recognize \3(I appreciate that I may be wrong).\c\p\B3\b \Ba\b \Iintr.\i \IEcon\i (of property etc.) rise in value. \Bb\b \Itr.\i \IEcon\i raise in value. \Bappreciative\b \K/-S(I)\F'\ntIv/\k \Iadj.\i \Bappreciatively\b \K/-S\F'\ntIvli/\k \Iadv.\i \Bappreciativeness\b \K/-S\F'\ntIvnIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bappreciator\b\p\In.\i\p\Bappreciatory\b \K/-S(I)\F'\nt(\F'\n)ri/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Iappretiare\i 'appraise' (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \Ipretium\i 'price')\c
<hw>appreciation</hw> \K/\F'\npri:SI"eIS(\F'\n)n/, /-sI-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b favourable or grateful recognition.\p\B2\b an estimation or judgement; sensitive understanding of or reaction to \3(a quick appreciation of the problem).\c\p\B3\b \IEcon\i an increase in value.\p\B4\b a (usu. favourable) review of a book, film, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3French, from Late Latin \Iappretiatio -onis\i (as \J\Xappreciate\x,\j \J\X-ation\x)\j\c
<hw>apprehend</hw> \K/aprI"hEnd/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b understand, perceive \3(apprehend your meaning).\c\p\B2\b \ICriminol\i seize, arrest \3(apprehended the criminal).\c\p\B3\b anticipate with uneasiness or fear \3(apprehending the results).\c \BEtymology:\b \3French \IapprΘhender\i or Latin \Iapprehendere\i (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \Iprehendere prehens-\i 'lay hold of')\c
<hw>apprehensible</hw> \K/aprI"hEnsIb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i capable of being apprehended by the senses or the intellect \3(an apprehensible theory;\c \2an apprehensible change in her expression).\c \Bapprehensibility\b \K/-"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Iapprehensibilis\i (as \J\Xapprehend\x,\j \J\X-ible\x)\j\c
<hw>apprehension</hw> \K/aprI"hEnS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b uneasiness; a sense of foreboding.\p\B2\b understanding, grasp.\p\B3\b \ICriminol\i arrest, capture \3(apprehension of the suspect).\c\p\B4\b an idea; a conception. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IapprΘhension\i or Late Latin \Iapprehensio\i (as \J\Xapprehend\x,\j \J\X-ion\x)\j\c
<hw>apprehensive</hw> \K/aprI"hEnsIv/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Babout,\b \Bof,\b \Bfor)\b\i uneasily fearful; anxious.\p\B2\b relating to perception by the senses or the intellect.\p\B3\b \Iarchaic\i perceptive; intelligent. \Bapprehensively\b \Iadv.\i \Bapprehensiveness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \IapprΘhensif\i or medieval Latin \Iapprehensivus\i (as \J\Xapprehend\x,\j \J\X-ive\x)\j\c
<hw>apprentice</hw> \K/\F'\n"prEntIs/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person who is learning a trade by being employed in it for an agreed period at low wages.\p\B2\b a beginner; a novice.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bto)\b\i engage or bind as an apprentice \3(was apprenticed to a builder).\c\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \BN. Amer.\b serve as an apprentice \3(she apprenticed at a hairdresser's).\c\Ksense 2 new f. K. Barber Jan 94\k \Bapprenticeship\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iaprentis,\i from \Iapprendre\i 'learn' (as \J\Xapprehend\x),\j on the pattern of words ending in \I-tis,\i \I-tif,\i from Latin \I-tivus:\i see \J\X-ive\x\j\c
<hw>apprise</hw> \K/\F'\n"prVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i \I(foll. by \Bof)\b\i inform.\p\1be apprised of\c be aware of. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iappris -ise,\i past part. of \Iapprendre\i 'learn, teach' (as \J\Xapprehend\x)\j\c
<hw>apprize</hw> \K/\F'\n"prVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b \Iarchaic\i\p\B1\b esteem highly.\p\B2\b appraise. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iaprisier,\i from \Iα\i 'to' + \Ipris\i \J\Xprice\x\j\c
<hw>appro</hw> \K/"apr\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i\p\1on appro\c \ICommerce etc.\i = \Ion approval\i (see \J\Xapproval\x).\j \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation of \Iapproval\i or \Iapprobation\i\c
<hw>approach</hw> \K/\F'\n"pr\F'\nUtS/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i come near or nearer to (a place or time).\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i come near or nearer in space or time \3(the hour approaches).\c\p\B3\b \Itr.\i make a tentative proposal or suggestion to \3(approached me about a loan).\c\p\B4\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b be similar in character, quality, etc., to \3(doesn't approach her for artistic skill).\c \Bb\b approximate to \3(a population approaching 5 million).\c\p\B5\b \Itr.\i attempt to influence or bribe.\p\B6\b \Itr.\i set about (a task etc.).\p\B7\b \Iintr.\i \IGolf\i play an approach shot.\p\B8\b \Iintr.\i \IAeron.\i prepare to land.\p\B9\b \Itr.\i \Iarchaic\i bring near.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an act or means of approaching \3(made an approach;\c \2an approach lined with trees).\c\p\B2\b an approximation \3(an approach to an apology).\c\p\B3\b a way of dealing with a person or thing \3(needs a new approach).\c\p\B4\b \I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i a sexual advance.\p\B5\b \IGolf\i a stroke from the fairway to the green.\p\B6\b \IAeron.\i the final part of a flight before landing.\p\B7\b \IBridge\i a bidding method with a gradual advance to a final contract. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iaproch(i)er\i from ecclesiastical Latin \Iappropiare\i 'draw near' (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \Ipropius,\i comparative of \Iprope\i 'near')\c
<hw>approachable</hw> \K/\F'\n"pr\F'\nUtS\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b friendly; easy to talk to.\p\B2\b able to be approached. \Bapproachability\b \K/-"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>approach road</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IMotoring\i a road by which traffic enters a motorway.
<hw>approbate</hw> \K/"apr\F'\nbeIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i \BUS\b approve formally; sanction. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Iapprobare\i (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \Iprobare\i 'test' from \Iprobus\i 'good')\c
<hw>approbation</hw> \K/apr\F'\n"beIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\papproval, consent. \Bapprobative\b \K/"apr\F'\nbeItIv/\k \Iadj.\i \Bapprobatory\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Iapprobatio -onis\i (as \J\Xapprobate\x,\j \J\X-ation\x)\j\c
<hw>appropriate</hw> \Iadj. & v.\i \Iadj.\i \K/\F'\n"pr\F'\nUprI\F'\nt/\k \I(often foll. by \Bto,\b \Bfor)\b\i\p\B1\b suitable or proper.\p\B2\b \Iformal\i belonging or particular. \Iv.tr.\i \K/\F'\n"pr\F'\nUprIeIt/\k\p\B1\b take possession of, esp. without authority.\p\B2\b devote (money etc.) to special purposes. \Bappropriately\b \Iadv.\i \Bappropriateness\b\p\In.\i\p\Bappropriation\b \K/\F'\npr\F'\nUprI"eIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bappropriator\b \K/-eIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Iappropriatus,\i past part. of \Iappropriare\i (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \Iproprius\i 'own')\c
<hw>approval</hw> \K/\F'\n"pru:v(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act of approving.\p\B2\b an instance of this; consent; a favourable opinion \3(with your approval;\c \2looked at him with approval).\c\p\1on approval\c (of goods supplied) to be returned if not satisfactory.
<hw>approve</hw> \K/\F'\n"pru:v/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i confirm; sanction \3(approved his application).\c\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i give or have a favourable opinion.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i commend \3(approved the new hat).\c\p\B4\b \Itr.\i \I(usu. \Brefl.)\b\i \Iarchaic\i demonstrate oneself to be \3(approved himself a coward).\c\p\Bapprove of\b pronounce or consider good or satisfactory; commend.\Kagree to omitted Aug 94\k \Bapprovingly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iaprover\i from Latin (as \J\Xapprobate\x)\j\c
<hw>approved school</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ICriminol\i \Ihist.\i a residential place of training for young offenders.
<hw>approximate</hw> \Iadj. & v.\i \Iadj.\i \K/\F'\n"prQksIm\F'\nt/\k\p\B1\b fairly correct or accurate; near to the actual \3(the approximate time of arrival;\c \2an approximate guess).\c\p\B2\b near or next \3(your approximate neighbour).\c \Iv.tr. & intr.\i \K/\F'\n"prQksImeIt/\k \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i bring or come near (esp. in quality, number, etc.), but not exactly \3(approximates to the truth;\c \2approximates the amount required).\c \Bapproximately\b \K/-m\F'\ntli/\k \Iadv.\i \Bapproximation\b \K/-"meIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Iapproximatus,\i past part. of \Iapproximare\i (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \Iproximus\i 'very near')\c
<hw>appurtenance</hw> \K/\F'\n"p\F'\n:t(I)n\F'\nns/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i a belonging; an appendage; an accessory. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Anglo-French \Iapurtenaunce,\i Old French \Iapertenance\i (as \J\Xappertain\x,\j \J\X-ance\x)\j\c
<hw>appurtenant</hw> \K/\F'\n"p\F'\n:t(I)n\F'\nnt/\k \Iadj.\i \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i belonging or appertaining; pertinent. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iapartenant\i pres. part. (as \J\Xappertain\x)\j\c
<hw>APR</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IEcon\i annual or annualized percentage rate (esp. of interest on loans or credit).
<hw>Apr.</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IHorol\i April.
<hw>aprΦs-ski</hw> \K/apreI"ski:/\k \In. & adj.\i \ISkiing\i\p\In.\i\pthe evening, esp. its social activities, following a day's skiing. \Iattrib.adj.\i (of clothes, drinks, etc.) appropriate to social activities following skiing. \BEtymology:\b \3French\c
<hw>apricot</hw> \K/"eIprIkQt/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBot\i \Ba\b a juicy soft fruit, smaller than a peach, of an orange-yellow colour. \Bb\b (in full \Bapricot tree)\b the tree, Prunus armeniaca, bearing it.\p\B2\b the ripe fruit's orange-yellow colour. \Iadj.\i of an orange-yellow colour \3(apricot dress).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Portuguese \Ialbricoque\i or Spanish \Ialbaricoque\i via Arabic \Ial\i 'the' + \Ibarkuk\i and late Greek \Ipraikokion\i from Latin \Ipraecoquum,\i variant of \Ipraecox\i 'early-ripe': \Iapri-\i influenced by Latin \Iapricus\i 'ripe', \I-cot\i by French \Iabricot\i\c
<hw>April</hw> \K/"eIpr(I)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\IHorol\i the fourth month of the year. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \IAprilis\i\c
<hw>April Fool</hw>\p\In.\i\pa person successfully tricked on 1 April.
<hw>a priori</hw> \K/eI prVI"O:rVI/, /A: prI"O:ri/\k \Iadj. & adv.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \ILogic\i (of reasoning) deductive; proceeding from causes to effects \I(opp.\i \J\Xa posteriori\x).\j\p\B2\b \IPhilos\i (of concepts, knowledge, etc.) logically independent of experience; not derived from experience \I(opp.\i \J\Xempirical\x).\j\p\B3\b not submitted to critical investigation \3(an a priori conjecture).\c \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b in an a priori manner.\p\B2\b as far as one knows; presumptively. \Bapriorism\b \K/eI"prVI\F'\nrIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = from what is before\c
<hw>apron</hw> \K/"eIpr(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IClothing\i \Ba\b a garment covering and protecting the front of a person's clothes, either from chest or waist level, and tied at the back. \Bb\b official clothing of this kind \3(bishop's apron).\c \Bc\b anything resembling an apron in shape or function.\p\B2\b \ITheatr.\i the part of a stage in front of the curtain.\p\B3\b \IAeron\i the hard-surfaced area on an airfield used for manoeuvring or loading aircraft.\p\B4\b an endless conveyor belt.\p\1tied to a person's apron strings\c dominated by or dependent on that person (usu. a woman). \Baproned\b \Iadj.\i \Bapronful\b\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-fuls).\b \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English \Inaperon\i etc. from Old French, diminutive of \Inape\i 'tablecloth' from Latin \Imappa:\i for loss of \In\i cf. \J\Xadder\x\j\c
<hw>apropos</hw> \K/apr\F'\n"p\F'\nU/, /"apr\F'\np\F'\nU/\k \Iadj., prep., & adv.\i \Iadj.\i to the point or purpose; appropriate \3(his comment was apropos).\c \Iprep.\i \I(often foll. by \Bof)\b\i \Icolloq.\i in respect of; concerning \3(apropos the meeting;\c \2apropos of the talk).\c \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b appropriately \3(spoke apropos).\c\p\B2\b \I\B(absol.)\b\i by the way; incidentally \3(apropos, she's not going).\c \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iα propos\i from \Iα\i 'to' + \Ipropos\i \J\Xpurpose\x\j\c
<hw>apse</hw> \K/aps/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IRelig\i a large semicircular or polygonal recess, arched or with a domed roof, esp. at the eastern end of a church.\p\B2\b = \J\Xapsis\x.\j \Bapsidal\b \K/"apsId(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \J\Xapsis\x\j\c
<hw>apsis</hw> \K/"apsIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bapsides\b \K/-di:z/\k) \IAstron\i either of two points on the orbit of a planet or satellite that are nearest to or furthest from the body round which it moves. \Bapsidal\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, from Greek \I(h)apsis,\i \I-idos\i 'arch, vault'\c
<hw>apt</hw> \K/apt/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b appropriate, suitable \3(an apt moment).\c\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bto\b + infin.)\i having a tendency; prone, likely \3(apt to lose his temper).\c\p\B3\b clever; quick to learn \3(an apt pupil;\c \2apt at the work).\c \Baptly\b \Iadv.\i \Baptness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Iaptus\i 'fitted', past part. of \Iapere\i 'fasten'\c
<hw>apterous</hw> \K/"apt(\F'\n)r\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IZool.\i (of insects) without wings.\p\B2\b \IBot.\i (of seeds or fruits) having no winglike expansions. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iapteros\i (as \J\Xa-\x (1)\j + \Ipteron\i 'wing')\c
<hw>aptitude</hw> \K/"aptItju:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a natural propensity or talent \3(shows an aptitude for drawing).\c\p\B2\b ability or fitness, esp. to acquire a particular skill. \BEtymology:\b \3French from Late Latin \Iaptitudo -inis\i (as \J\Xapt\x,\j \J\X-tude\x)\j\c
<hw>aqua</hw> \K/"akw\F'\n/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\pthe colour aquamarine. \Iadj.\i of this colour. \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation\c
<hw>aquaculture</hw> \K/"akw\F'\nkVltS\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i the cultivation or rearing of aquatic plants or animals. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iaqua\i 'water' + \J\Xculture\x,\j on the pattern of \Iagriculture\i\c
<hw>Aqua Libra</hw> \K/%akw\F'\n "li:br\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IDrink\i \Ipropr.\i a drink made from mineral water and fruit juices.\Knew word in COD9 f. NSOED, ODNW, corpus Jul 93\k
<hw>aqualung</hw> \K/"akw\F'\nlVN/\k \In. & v.\i \IDiving\i\p\In.\i\pa portable breathing apparatus for divers, consisting of cylinders of compressed air strapped on the back, feeding air automatically through a mask or mouthpiece. \Iv.intr.\i use an aqualung. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iaqua\i 'water' + \J\Xlung\x\j\c
<hw>aquamarine</hw> \K/%akw\F'\nm\F'\n"ri:n/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMineral\i a light bluish-green beryl.\p\B2\b its colour. \Iadj.\i of bluish-green colour.\Kadj. new in COD9 f. POD Jul 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iaqua marina\i 'sea water'\c
<hw>aquanaut</hw> \K/"akw\F'\nnO:t/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISwimming\i an underwater swimmer or explorer. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iaqua\i 'water' + Greek \Inautes\i 'sailor'\c
<hw>aquaplane</hw> \K/"akw\F'\npleIn/\k \In. & v.\i \ISport\i\p\In.\i\pa board for riding on water, pulled by a speedboat. \Iv.intr.\i\p\B1\b ride on an aquaplane.\p\B2\b (of a vehicle) glide uncontrollably on the wet surface of a road. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iaqua\i 'water' + \J\Xplane\x (1)\j\c
<hw>aqua regia</hw> \K/%akw\F'\n "ri:dZ\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i a mixture of concentrated nitric and hydrochloric acids, a highly corrosive liquid attacking many substances unaffected by other reagents. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = royal water\c
<hw>aquarelle</hw> \K/akw\F'\n"rEl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IArt\i a painting in thin, usu. transparent, watercolours. \BEtymology:\b \3French from Italian \Iacquarella\i 'watercolour', diminutive of \Iacqua,\i from Latin \Iaqua\i 'water'\c
<hw>aquarium</hw> \K/\F'\n"kwE:rI\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Baquaria\b \K/-rI\F'\n/\k or \Baquariums)\b an artificial environment designed for keeping live aquatic plants and animals for study or exhibition, esp. a tank of water with transparent sides. \BEtymology:\b \3neut. of Latin \Iaquarius\i 'of water' \I(aqua),\i on the pattern of \Ivivarium\i\c
<hw>Aquarius</hw> \K/\F'\n"kwE:rI\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IAstron.\i a large constellation (the Water-carrier or Water-bearer), said to represent a man pouring water from a jar.\p\B2\b \IAstrol.\i \Ba\b the eleventh sign of the zodiac, which the sun enters about 21 Jan. \Bb\b a person born when the sun is in this sign. \BAquarian\b \Iadj. & n.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin (as \J\Xaquarium\x)\j\c
<hw>aquatic</hw> \K/\F'\n"kwatIk/, /-"kwQt-/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IBot Zool\i growing or living in or near water.\p\B2\b \ISport\i (of a sport) played in or on water.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an aquatic plant or animal.\p\B2\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i aquatic sports. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from French \Iaquatique\i or Latin \Iaquaticus,\i from \Iaqua\i 'water'\c
<hw>aquatint</hw> \K/"akw\F'\ntInt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IArt\i\p\B1\b a print resembling a watercolour, produced from a copper plate etched with nitric acid.\p\B2\b the process of producing this. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iaquatinte\i from Italian \Iacqua tinta\i 'coloured water'\c
<hw>aquavit</hw> \K/akw\F'\n"vi:t/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bakvavit\b \K/"akv\F'\n-/\k) \IDrink\i an alcoholic spirit made from potatoes etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Norwegian, Swedish, Danish \Iakvavit\i \J\Xaqua vitae\x\j\c
<hw>aqua vitae</hw> \K/%akw\F'\n "vVIti:/, /"vi:tVI/\k\p\In.\i\p\IDrink\i a strong alcoholic spirit, esp. brandy. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin = water of life\c
<hw>aqueduct</hw> \K/"akwIdVkt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IEngin\i an artificial channel for conveying water, esp. in the form of a bridge supported by tall columns across a valley.\p\B2\b \IPhysiol.\i a small canal, esp. in the head of mammals. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iaquae ductus\i 'conduit', from \Iaqua\i 'water' + \Iducere duct-\i 'to lead'\c
<hw>aqueous</hw> \K/"eIkwI\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of, containing, or like water.\p\B2\b \IGeol.\i produced by water \3(aqueous rocks).\c \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Iaqueus\i from Latin \Iaqua\i 'water'\c
<hw>aqueous humour</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAnat.\i the clear fluid in the eye between the lens and the cornea.
<hw>aquifer</hw> \K/"akwIf\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeol.\i a layer of rock or soil able to hold or transmit much water. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iaqui-\i from \Iaqua\i 'water' + \I-fer\i 'bearing' from \Iferre\i 'bear'\c
<hw>aquilegia</hw> \K/akwI"li:dZ\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a plant of the genus \IAquilegia\i (buttercup family) with (often blue) flowers having backward-pointing spurs. \IAlso called\i \J\Xcolumbine\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin, probably from Latin \Iaquilegus\i 'water-collecting'\c
<hw>aquiline</hw> \K/"akwIlVIn/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IZool\i of or like an eagle.\p\B2\b \IAnat\i (of a nose) curved like an eagle's beak. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iaquilinus,\i from \Iaquila\i 'eagle'\c
<hw>AR</hw> \Iabbr.\i\p\B1\b \BUS\b \IGeog\i Arkansas (in official postal use).\p\B2\b \IPolit\i Autonomous Republic.\Ksense 2 new in COD9 f. Wordfinder Jul 93\k
<hw>Ar</hw> \Isymb.\i \IChem.\i the element argon.
<hw>ar-</hw> \K/ar/, /\F'\nr/\k \Iprefix\i \Iassim. form of\i \J\Xad-\x\j before \Ir.\i
<hw>-ar (1)</hw> \K/\F'\n/\k \Isuffix\i\p\B1\b forming adjectives \3(angular;\c \2linear;\c \2nuclear;\c \2titular).\c\p\B2\b forming nouns \3(scholar).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Old French \I-aire\i or \I-ier,\i or Latin \I-aris\i\c
<hw>-ar (2)</hw> \K/\F'\n/\k \Isuffix\i forming nouns \3(pillar).\c \BEtymology:\b \3French \I-er\i or Latin \I-ar,\i \I-are,\i neut. of \I-aris\i\c
<hw>-ar (3)</hw> \K/\F'\n/\k \Isuffix\i forming nouns \3(bursar;\c \2exemplar;\c \2mortar;\c \2vicar).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Old French \I-aire\i or \I-ier,\i or Latin \I-arius,\i \I-arium\i\c
<hw>ARA</hw> \Iabbr.\i Associate of the Royal Academy.
<hw>Arab</hw> \K/"ar\F'\nb/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPeople\i a member of a Semitic people inhabiting originally Saudi Arabia and the neighbouring countries, now the Middle East generally.\p\B2\b \IZool Riding\i a horse of a breed originally native to Arabia. \Iadj.\i of or relating to Arabia or the Arabs (esp. with ethnic reference). \BEtymology:\b \3French \IArabe\i via Latin \IArabs Arabis\i and Greek \IAraps -abos\i from Arabic '\Iarab\i\c
<hw>arabesque</hw> \K/ar\F'\n"bEsk/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBallet\i a posture with one leg extended horizontally backwards, torso extended forwards, and arms outstretched.\p\B2\b a design of intertwined leaves, scrolls, etc.\p\B3\b \IMus.\i a florid melodic section or composition. \BEtymology:\b \3French from Italian \Iarabesco\i 'in the Arabic style', from \Iarabo\i 'Arab'\c
<hw>Arabian</hw> \K/\F'\n"reIbI\F'\nn/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i of or relating to Arabia (esp. with geographical reference) \3(the Arabian desert).\c\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPeople\i a native of Arabia.\p\B2\b \BUS\b \IZool Riding\i = \J\XArab\x\p\In.\i\p2.\j\Ksense 2 new f. incomings Oct 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iarabi,\i probably from Arabic '\Iarabi,\i or via Latin \IArabus,\i \IArabius\i from Greek \IArabios\i\c In the sense 'a native of Arabia', the usual term is now \IArab.\i
<hw>Arabian camel</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a domesticated one-humped camel, Camelus dromedarius, native to the deserts of N. Africa and the Near East. \IAlso called\i \Idromedary.\i
<hw>Arabic</hw> \K/"ar\F'\nbIk/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\ILanguage\i the Semitic language of the Arabs, now spoken in much of N. Africa and the Middle East. \Iadj.\i of or relating to Arabia (esp. with reference to language or literature). \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iarabic\i and Latin \Iarabicus\i from Greek \Iarabikos\i\c
<hw>arabica</hw> \K/\F'\n"rabIk\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IDrink\i coffee or coffee beans from the most widely grown species of the coffee plant, Coffea arabica.\p\B2\b \IBot\i the plant itself \I(cf.\i \J\Xrobusta\x).\j\Knew f. Collins, NSOED Mar 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin, from Latin \Iarabicus\i \J\XArabic\x\j\c
<hw>Arabic numeral</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMath\i any of the numerals 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 \I(cf.\i \J\XRoman numeral\x).\j
<hw>arabis</hw> \K/"ar\F'\nbIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a low-growing cruciferous plant of the genus \IArabis,\i with toothed leaves and usu. white flowers. \IAlso called\i \Irock cress,\i \Iwall cress.\i \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin from Greek, = Arabian\c
<hw>Arabist</hw> \K/"ar\F'\nbIst/\k\p\In.\i\p\IEducation\i a student of Arabic civilization, language, etc.
<hw>arable</hw> \K/"ar\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IAgriculture\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b (of land) ploughed, or suitable for ploughing and crop production.\p\B2\b (of crops) that can be grown on arable land.\p\In.\i\parable land or crops. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iarable\i or Latin \Iarabilis,\i from \Iarare\i 'to plough'\c
<hw>Araby</hw> \K/"ar\F'\nbi/\k\p\In.\i\p\Ipoet.\i Arabia. \BEtymology:\b \3Old French \IArabie\i via Latin \IArabia\i from Greek\c
<hw>arachnid</hw> \K/\F'\n"raknId/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i any arthropod of the class Arachnida, having four pairs of legs, simple eyes, and usu. pincers or fangs e.g. scorpions, spiders, mites, and ticks. \Barachnidan\b \Iadj. & n.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iarachnide\i or modern Latin \Iarachnida,\i from Greek \Iarakhne\i 'spider'\c
<hw>arachnoid</hw> \K/\F'\n"raknOId/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p(in full \Barachnoid membrane)\b \IAnat.\i one of the three membranes (see \J\Xmeninx\x)\j that surround the brain and spinal cord of vertebrates. \Iadj.\i \IBot.\i covered with long cobweb-like hairs. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \Iarachnoides\i from Greek \Iarakhnoeides\i 'like a cobweb', from \Iarakhne:\i see \J\Xarachnid\x\j\c
<hw>arachnophobia</hw> \K/\F'\nrakn\F'\n(U)"f\F'\nUbI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPsychol\i an abnormal fear of spiders. \Barachnophobe\b \K/\F'\n"rakn\F'\nf\F'\nUb/\k\p\In.\i\p\Barachnophobic\b \Iadj.\i\K-ic new f. EWP Dec 94\k\Knew word in COD9 f. NSOED, OMED Jul 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin, from Greek \Iarakhne\i 'spider' + \J\X-phobia\x\j\c
<hw>arak</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xarrack\x.\j
<hw>Araldite</hw> \K/"ar(\F'\n)ldVIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \Ipropr.\i an epoxy resin used as a strong heatproof cement to mend china, plastic, etc. \BEtymology:\b \320th c.: origin uncertain\c
<hw>Aramaic</hw> \K/ar\F'\n"meIIk/\k \In. & adj.\i \ILanguage\i\p\In.\i\pa branch of the Semitic family of languages, esp. the language of Syria used as a lingua franca in the Near East from the sixth century bc, later dividing into varieties one of which included Syriac and Mandaean. \Iadj.\i of or in Aramaic. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \IAramaeus\i from Greek \IAramaios\i 'of Aram' (biblical name of Syria)\c
<hw>Aran</hw> \K/"ar(\F'\n)n/\k \Iattrib.adj.\i \IClothing\i designating a type of knitwear or garment with traditional patterns, esp. involving raised cable stitch and large diamond designs.\Knew word in COD9 f. NSOED, corpus Jul 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3from the \IAran\i islands off the W. coast of Ireland\c
<hw>Aranda</hw> \K/\F'\n"rand\F'\n/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p(also \BArunta\b \K/\F'\n"rVnt\F'\n/\k) \I(pl.\i same or \B-s)\b \IPeople\i\p\B1\b a member of an Aboriginal people of central Australia.\p\B2\b \ILanguage\i the language spoken by this people. \Iadj.\i of or relating to the Aranda or their language.\Knoun. sense 1 and adj. new f. OERD, corpus, NSOED, April 94\k\Knew from ACOD Oct 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Aboriginal\c
<hw>arapaima</hw> \K/ar\F'\n"pVIm\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool.\i a very large edible S. American freshwater fish, Arapaima gigas.\Knew f. Collins, NSOED Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Tupi\c
<hw>arational</hw> \K/eI"raS(\F'\n)n(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \ILogic\i that does not purport to be rational.
<hw>araucaria</hw> \K/ar\F'\n"kE:rI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i an evergreen conifer of the genus \IAraucaria,\i native to the southern hemisphere, e.g. the monkey-puzzle tree. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from \IArauco,\i the name of a province in Chile\c
<hw>Arawak</hw> \K/"ar\F'\nwak/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILanguage People\i \I(pl.\i same or \BArawaks)\b\p\B1\b any of several related languages spoken by American Indian peoples of the Caribbean and parts of S. America.\p\B2\b a member of one of these peoples.\Knew f. OEED Nov 94\k
<hw>arb</hw> \K/A:b/\k\p\In.\i\p\IStock Exch.\i \Icolloq.\i = \J\Xarbitrageur\x.\j\Knew word in COD9 f. NSOED, OMED Jul 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation\c
<hw>arbalest</hw> \K/"A:b\F'\nlEst/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Barblast\b \K/"A:blA:st/\k) \IMil\i \Ihist.\i a crossbow with a mechanism for drawing the string. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iarblast\i via Old French \Iarbaleste\i and Late Latin \Iarcubalista\i from Latin \Iarcus\i 'bow' + \J\Xballista\x\j\c
<hw>arbiter</hw> \K/"A:bIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(fem.\i \Barbitress\b \K/-trIs/\k)\p\B1\b \Ba\b an arbitrator in a dispute. \Bb\b a judge; an authority \3(arbiter of taste).\c\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Bof)\b\i a person who has entire control of something. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin\c
<hw>arbiter elegantiarum</hw> \K/%ElIgantI"A:r\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Barbiter elegantiae\b \K/ElI"gantIVI/\k) a judge of artistic taste and etiquette.
<hw>arbitrage</hw> \K/"A:bItrIdZ/, /A:bI"trA:Z/\k\p\In.\i\p\IStock Exch\i the buying and selling of stocks or bills of exchange to take advantage of varying prices in different markets. \BEtymology:\b \3French, from \Iarbitrer\i (as \J\Xarbitrate\x)\j\c
<hw>arbitrageur</hw> \K/%A:bItrA:"Z\F'\n:/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Barbitrager\b \K/"A:bItrIdZ\F'\n/\k) \IStock Exch\i a person who engages in arbitrage. \BEtymology:\b \3French\c
<hw>arbitral</hw> \K/"A:bItr(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i concerning arbitration. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iarbitral\i or Late Latin \Iarbitralis:\i see \J\Xarbiter\x\j\c
<hw>arbitrament</hw> \K/A:"bItr\F'\nm(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the deciding of a dispute by an arbiter.\p\B2\b an authoritative decision made by an arbiter. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iarbitrement\i from medieval Latin \Iarbitramentum\i (as \J\Xarbitrate\x,\j \J\X-ment\x)\j\c
<hw>arbitrary</hw> \K/"A:bIt(r\F'\n)ri/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b based on or derived from uninformed opinion or random choice; capricious.\p\B2\b despotic. \Barbitrarily\b \Iadv.\i \Barbitrariness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iarbitrarius\i or French \Iarbitraire\i (as \J\Xarbiter\x,\j \J\X-ary\x (1))\j\c
<hw>arbitration</hw> \K/A:bI"treIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\pthe settlement of a dispute by an arbitrator. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Iarbitratio -onis\i (as \J\Xarbiter\x,\j \J\X-ation\x)\j\c
<hw>arbitrator</hw> \K/"A:bItreIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pa person appointed to settle a dispute; an arbiter. \Barbitratorship\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Late Latin (as \J\Xarbitration\x,\j \J\X-or\x (1))\j\c
<hw>arbitress</hw> \Isee\i \J\Xarbiter\x.\j
<hw>arblast</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xarbalest\x.\j
<hw>arbor (1)</hw> \K/"A:b\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMech\i\p\B1\b an axle or spindle on which something revolves.\p\B2\b a device holding a tool in a lathe etc. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iarbre\i 'tree, axis', from Latin \Iarbor\i\c
<hw>Arbor Day</hw> \K/"A:b\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pa day dedicated annually to public tree-planting in the US, Australia, and other countries. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iarbor\i 'tree'\c
<hw>arboreal</hw> \K/A:"bO:rI\F'\nl/\k \Iadj.\i \IBot\i of, living in, or connected with trees. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iarboreus,\i from \Iarbor\i 'tree'\c
<hw>arborescent</hw> \K/A:b\F'\n"rEs(\F'\n)nt/\k \Iadj.\i treelike in growth or general appearance. \Barborescence\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iarborescere\i 'grow into a tree', from \Iarbor\i 'tree'\c
<hw>arboretum</hw> \K/A:b\F'\n"ri:t\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Barboretums\b or \Barboreta\b \K/-t\F'\n/\k) \IBot\i a botanical garden devoted to trees. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, from \Iarbor\i 'tree'\c
<hw>arboriculture</hw> \K/"A:b(\F'\n)rIkVltS\F'\n/, /A:"bO:r-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i the cultivation of trees and shrubs. \Barboricultural\b \K/-"kVltS(\F'\n)r(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Barboriculturist\b \K/-"kVltS(\F'\n)rIst/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iarbor -oris\i 'tree', on the pattern of \Iagriculture\i\c
<hw>arborization</hw> \K/A:b(\F'\n)rVI"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \B-isation)\b \IAnat\i a treelike arrangement esp. in anatomy.
<hw>arbor vitae</hw> \K/%A:b\F'\n "vVIti:/, /"vi:tVI/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i = \J\Xthuja\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = tree of life\c
<hw>arbour</hw> \K/"A:b\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Barbor)\b a shady garden alcove with the sides and roof formed by trees or climbing plants; a bower. \Barboured\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Anglo-French \Ierber\i and Old French \Ierbier,\i from \Ierbe\i 'herb', from Latin \Iherba:\i phonetic change to \Iar-\i assisted by association with Latin \Iarbor\i 'tree'\c
<hw>arbovirus</hw> \K/"A:b\F'\nvVIr\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed.\i any of a group of viruses transmitted by mosquitoes, ticks, etc., and causing disease, e.g. yellow fever.\Knew f. NSOED, OERD Apr 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3\Iar\ithropod-\Ib\iorne + \J\Xvirus\x\j\c
<hw>arbutus</hw> \K/A:"bju:t\F'\ns/, /"A:bjUt\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b an evergreen tree or shrub of the genus \IArbutus\i (heath family), with white or pink clusters of flowers and reddish berries, esp. the strawberry tree, A. unedo.\p\B2\b \BUS\b = \J\Xtrailing arbutus\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3Latin\c
<hw>ARC</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IAgriculture\i\p\B1\b \Ihist.\i (in the UK) Agricultural Research Council.\p\B2\b \IMed\i Aids-related complex.
<hw>arc</hw> \K/A:k/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IGeom\i part of the circumference of a circle or any other curve.\p\B2\b \IElectr.\i a luminous discharge between two electrodes. \Iv.intr.\i \B(arced\b \K/A:kt/\k; \Barcing\b \K/"A:kIN/\k) form an arc. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Iarcus\i 'bow, curve'\c
<hw>arcade</hw> \K/A:"keId/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a passage with an arched roof.\p\B2\b \Besp. Brit.\b any covered walk, esp. with shops along one or both sides.\p\B3\b \IArchit.\i a series of arches supporting or set along a wall.\p\B4\b = \J\Xamusement arcade\x.\j\Ksense 4 new f. incomings Oct 94\k \Barcaded\b \Iadj.\i \Barcading\b\p\In.\i\p\K-ing new f. corpus, SOED Dec 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3French via Provenτal \Iarcada\i or Italian \Iarcata\i from Romanic: related to \J\Xarch\x (1)\j\c
<hw>Arcadian</hw> \K/A:"keIdI\F'\nn/\k \In. & adj.\i \ILiterature\i\p\In.\i\pan idealized peasant or country dweller, esp. in poetry. \Iadj.\i \Ipoet.\i of or relating to Arcady; ideally rustic. \BArcadianism\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \IArcadius\i from Greek \IArkadia,\i a mountain district in the Peloponnese\c
<hw>Arcady</hw> \K/"A:k\F'\ndi/\k\p\In.\i\p\Ipoet.\i an ideal rustic paradise. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \IArkadia:\i see \J\XArcadian\x\j\c
<hw>arcane</hw> \K/A:"keIn/\k \Iadj.\i mysterious, secret; understood by few. \Barcanely\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iarcane\i or Latin \Iarcanus,\i from \Iarcere\i 'shut up' from \Iarca\i 'chest'\c
<hw>arcanum</hw> \K/A:"keIn\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Barcana\b \K/-n\F'\n/\k) \I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i a mystery; a profound secret. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, neut. of \Iarcanus:\i see \J\Xarcane\x\j\c
<hw>arch (1)</hw> \K/A:tS/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IArchit\i \Ba\b a curved structure as an opening or a support for a bridge, roof, floor, etc. \Bb\b an arch used in building as an ornament.\p\B2\b any arch-shaped curve, e.g. as on the inner side of the foot, the eyebrows, etc.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i provide with or form into an arch.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i span like an arch.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i form an arch. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iarche,\i ultimately from Latin \Iarcus\i 'arc'\c
<hw>arch (2)</hw> \K/A:tS/\k \Iadj.\i self-consciously or affectedly playful or teasing. \Barchly\b \Iadv.\i \Barchness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xarch-\x,\j originally in \Iarch rogue\i etc.\c
<hw>arch-</hw> \K/A:tS/\k \Icomb. form\i\p\B1\b chief, superior \3(archbishop;\c \2archdiocese;\c \2archduke).\c\p\B2\b pre-eminent of its kind (esp. in unfavourable senses) \3(arch-enemy).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iarce-\i or Old French \Iarche-,\i ultimately from Greek \Iarkhos\i 'chief'\c
<hw>Archaean</hw> \K/A:"ki:\F'\nn/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \B(US\b \BArchean)\b \IGeol\i \Iadj.\i of or relating to the earlier part of the Precambrian era, characterized by the absence of life \I(cf.\i \J\XProterozoic\x).\j\p\In.\i\pthis period. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iarkhaios\i 'ancient', from \Iarkhe\i 'beginning'\c
<hw>archaeology</hw> \K/A:kI"Ql\F'\ndZi/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b also \Barcheology)\b \IArchaeol\i the study of human history and prehistory through the excavation of sites and the analysis of physical remains. \Barchaeologic\b \K/-"lQdZIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Barchaeological\b \K/-"lQdZIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Barchaeologically\b \K/-"lQdZIk(\F'\n)li/\k \Iadv.\i\K-ogically new f. SOED Aug 94\k \Barchaeologist\b\p\In.\i\p\Barchaeologize\b \Iv.intr.\i (also \B-ise).\b \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \Iarchaeologia\i from Greek \Iarkhaiologia\i 'ancient history' (as \J\XArchaean\x,\j \J\X-logy\x)\j\c
<hw>archaeopteryx</hw> \K/A:kI"Qpt\F'\nrIks/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool Archaeol\i the oldest known fossil bird, Archaeopteryx lithographica, of the late Jurassic period, which has wings and feathers like a bird, but teeth and a bony tail like a reptile. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iarkhaios\i 'ancient' + \Ipterux\i 'wing'\c
<hw>archaic</hw> \K/A:"keIIk/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b antiquated. \Bb\b (of a word etc.) no longer in ordinary use, though retained for special purposes.\p\B2\b primitive.\p\B3\b of an early period of art or culture, esp. the 7th-6th c. bc in Greece. \Barchaically\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iarcha∩que\i from Greek \Iarkha∩kos\i (as \J\XArchaean\x)\j\c
<hw>archaism</hw> \K/"A:keIIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the retention or imitation of the old or obsolete, esp. in language or art.\p\B2\b an archaic word or expression. \Karchaist omitted Jul 93\k\Barchaistic\b \K/-"IstIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from Greek \Iarkha∩smos,\i from \Iarkha∩zo\i (as \J\Xarchaize\x,\j \J\X-ism\x)\j\c
<hw>archaize</hw> \K/"A:keIVIz/\k\p\Iv.\i\p(also \B-ise)\b\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i imitate archaic style, expression, etc.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i make (a work of art, literature, etc.) imitate the archaic in style etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iarkha∩zo\i 'be old-fashioned', from \Iarkhaios\i 'ancient'\c
<hw>archangel</hw> \K/"A:keIndZ(\F'\n)l/, /A:k"eIn-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i\p\B1\b an angel of the highest rank.\p\B2\b a member of the eighth order of the nine ranks of heavenly beings (see \J\Xorder\x\p\In.\i\p19).\j \Barchangelic\b \K/-an"dZElIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English via Anglo-French \Iarchangele\i and ecclesiastical Latin \Iarchangelus\i from ecclesiastical Greek \Iarkhaggelos\i (as \J\Xarch-\x,\j \J\Xangel\x)\j\c
<hw>archbishop</hw> \K/A:tS"bIS\F'\np/, \Iesp. in titles\i /"A:tS-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i the chief bishop of a province. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English (as \J\Xarch-\x,\j \J\Xbishop\x)\j\c
<hw>archbishopric</hw> \K/A:tS"bIS\F'\nprIk/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i the office or diocese of an archbishop. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English (as \J\Xarch-\x,\j \J\Xbishopric\x)\j\c
<hw>archdeacon</hw> \K/A:tS"di:k\F'\nn/, \Iesp. in titles\i /"A:tS-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i\p\B1\b an Anglican cleric ranking below a bishop.\p\B2\b a member of the clergy of similar rank in other Churches. \Barchdeaconry\b\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies).\b \Barchdeaconship\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iarce-,\i \Iercediacon,\i via ecclesiastical Latin \Iarchidiaconus\i from ecclesiastical Greek \Iarkhidiakonos\i (as \J\Xarch-\x,\j \J\Xdeacon\x)\j\c
<hw>archdiocese</hw> \K/A:tS"dVI\F'\nsIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i the diocese of an archbishop. \Barchdiocesan\b \K/A:tSdVI"QsIs(\F'\n)n/\k \Iadj.\i
<hw>archduke</hw> \K/"A:tSdju:k/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(fem.\i \Barchduchess\b \K/-dVtSIs/\k) \Ihist.\i the chief duke (esp. as the title of a son of the Emperor of Austria). \Barchducal\b \Iadj.\i \Barchduchy\b \K/-dVtSi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies).\b \BEtymology:\b \3Old French \Iarcheduc\i from medieval Latin \Iarchidux -ducis\i (as \J\Xarch-\x,\j \J\Xduke\x)\j\c
<hw>archegonium</hw> \K/A:kI"g\F'\nUnI\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Barchegonia\b \K/-I\F'\n/\k) \IBot.\i the female sex organ in mosses, ferns, conifers, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, diminutive of Greek \Iarkhegonos\i from \Iarkhe-\i 'chief' + \Igonos\i 'race'\c
<hw>arch-enemy</hw> \K/A:tS"En\F'\nmi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b a chief enemy.\p\B2\b \IRelig\i the Devil.
<hw>archer</hw> \K/"A:tS\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IArchery\i a person who shoots with a bow and arrows.\p\B2\b \B(the Archer)\b \IAstrol Astron\i the zodiacal sign or constellation Sagittarius. \BEtymology:\b \3Anglo-French from Old French \Iarchier,\i ultimately from Latin \Iarcus\i 'bow'\c
<hw>archer fish</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a SE Asian fish that catches flying insects by shooting water at them from its mouth.
<hw>archery</hw> \K/"A:tS\F'\nri/\k\p\In.\i\p\IArchery\i shooting with a bow and arrows, esp. as a sport. \BEtymology:\b \3Old French \Iarcherie\i from \Iarchier\i (as \J\Xarcher\x,\j \J\X-ery\x)\j\c
<hw>archetype</hw> \K/"A:kItVIp/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b an original model; a prototype. \Bb\b a typical specimen.\p\B2\b \IPsychol\i (in Jungian psychology) a primitive mental image inherited from man's earliest ancestors, and supposed to be present in the collective unconscious.\p\B3\b a recurrent symbol or motif in literature, art, etc. \Barchetypal\b \K/-"tVIp(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Barchetypical\b \K/-"tIpIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iarchetypum\i from Greek \Iarkhetupon\i (as \J\Xarch-\x,\j \Itupos\i 'stamp')\c
<hw>archidiaconal</hw> \K/%A:kIdVI"ak(\F'\n)n(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \IRelig\i of or relating to an archdeacon. \Barchidiaconate\b \K/-n\F'\nt/, /-neIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Iarchidiaconalis\i (as \J\Xarch-\x,\j \J\Xdiaconal\x)\j\c
<hw>archiepiscopal</hw> \K/%A:kII"pIsk\F'\np(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \IRelig\i of or relating to an archbishop. \Barchiepiscopate\b \K/-p\F'\nt/, /-peIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3ecclesiastical Latin \Iarchiepiscopus\i from Greek \Iarkhiepiskopos\i 'archbishop'\c
<hw>archimandrite</hw> \K/A:kI"mandrVIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i\p\B1\b the superior of a large monastery or group of monasteries in the Orthodox Church.\p\B2\b an honorary title given to a monastic priest. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iarchimandrite\i or ecclesiastical Latin \Iarchimandrita,\i from ecclesiastical Greek \Iarkhimandrites\i (as \J\Xarch-\x,\j \Imandra\i 'monastery')\c
<hw>Archimedean</hw> \K/A:kI"mi:dI\F'\nn/\k \Iadj.\i of or associated with the Greek mathematician Archimedes (d. 212 bc).
<hw>Archimedean screw</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMech\i a device of ancient origin for raising water by means of a spiral within a tube.
<hw>Archimedes' principle</hw> \K/A:kI"mi:di:z/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i the law that a body totally or partially immersed in a fluid is subject to an upward force equal in magnitude to the weight of fluid it displaces.
<hw>archipelago</hw> \K/A:kI"pEl\F'\ng\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os\b or \B-oes)\b \IGeog\i\p\B1\b a group of islands.\p\B2\b a sea with many islands. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian \Iarcipelago,\i from Greek \Iarkhi-\i 'chief' + \Ipelagos\i 'sea' (originally = the Aegean Sea)\c
<hw>architect</hw> \K/"A:kItEkt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IArchit\i a designer who prepares plans for buildings, ships, etc., and supervises their construction.\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bof)\b\i a person who brings about a specified thing \3(the architect of his own fortune).\c \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iarchitecte\i from Italian \Iarchitetto,\i or their source Latin \Iarchitectus\i from Greek \Iarkhitekton\i (as \J\Xarch-\x,\j \Itekton\i 'builder')\c
<hw>architectonic</hw> \K/%A:kItEk"tQnIk/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IArchit\i of or relating to architecture or architects.\p\B2\b of or relating to the systematization of knowledge.\p\In.\i\p\I(in \Bpl.;\b\i \Iusu. treated as \Bsing.)\b\i\p\B1\b the scientific study of architecture.\p\B2\b the study of the systematization of knowledge. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iarchitectonicus\i from Greek \Iarkhitektonikos\i (as \J\Xarchitect\x)\j\c
<hw>architecture</hw> \K/"A:kItEktS\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IArchit\i\p\B1\b the art or science of designing and constructing buildings.\p\B2\b the style of a building as regards design and construction.\p\B3\b buildings or other structures collectively.\p\B4\b \IComputing\i the conceptual structure and logical organization of a computer or computer-based system.\Ksense 4 new in COD9 f. NSOED, K.Barber Jul 93\k \Barchitectural\b \K/-"tEktS(\F'\n)r(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Barchitecturally\b \K/-"tEktS(\F'\n)r(\F'\n)li/\k \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iarchitecture\i or Latin \Iarchitectura,\i from \Iarchitectus\i (as \J\Xarchitect\x)\j\c
<hw>architrave</hw> \K/"A:kItreIv/\k\p\In.\i\p\IArchit\i\p\B1\b (in classical architecture) a main beam resting across the tops of columns.\p\B2\b the moulded frame around a doorway or window.\p\B3\b a moulding round the exterior of an arch. \BEtymology:\b \3French from Italian (as \J\Xarch-\x,\j \Itrave\i from Latin \Itrabs trabis\i 'beam')\c
<hw>archive</hw> \K/"A:kVIv/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i\p\B1\b a collection of esp. public or corporate documents or records.\p\B2\b the place where these are kept. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b place or store in an archive.\p\B2\b \IComputing\i transfer (data) to a less frequently used file, e.g. from disc to tape. \Barchival\b \K/A:"kVIv(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iarchives\i (pl.) via Latin \Iarchi(v)a\i from Greek \Iarkheia\i 'public records', from \Iarkhe\i 'government'\c
<hw>archivist</hw> \K/"A:kIvIst/\k\p\In.\i\pa person who maintains and is in charge of archives.
<hw>archivolt</hw> \K/"A:kIv\F'\nUlt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IArchit\i\p\B1\b a band of mouldings round the lower curve of an arch.\p\B2\b the lower curve itself from impost to impost of the columns. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iarchivolte\i or Italian \Iarchivolto\i (as \J\Xarc\x,\j \J\Xvault\x)\j\c
<hw>archlute</hw> \K/"A:tSl(j)u:t/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMus\i a bass lute with an extended neck and unstopped bass strings. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iarchiluth\i (as \J\Xarch-\x,\j \J\Xlute\x (1))\j\c
<hw>archon</hw> \K/"A:k\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\peach of the nine chief magistrates in ancient Athens. \Barchonship\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iarkhon\i 'ruler' (pres. part. of \Iarkho\i 'rule') used as a noun\c
<hw>archway</hw> \K/"A:tSweI/\k\p\In.\i\p\IArchit\i\p\B1\b a vaulted passage.\p\B2\b an arched entrance.
<hw>arc lamp</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Barc light)\b \IElectr\i a light source using an electric arc.
<hw>arcology</hw> \K/A:"kQl\F'\ndZi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IArchit Ecol\i an ideal city that is fully integrated with its natural environment.\Knew in COD9 f. OERD, NEWS Feb 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3blend of \J\Xarchitecture\x\j and \J\Xecology\x\j\c
<hw>Arctic</hw> \K/"A:ktIk/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IGeog\i of or relating to the north polar regions.\p\B2\b \B(arctic)\b \IMeteorol\i \Icolloq.\i (esp. of weather) very cold.\p\B3\b \B(arctic)\b designed for use in arctic conditions \3(arctic clothing).\c\Ksense 3 new f. kpb, inc., corpus, Sept 94\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IGeog\i the regions north of the Arctic Circle.\p\B2\b \B(arctic)\b \Besp. US\b \IClothing\i a thick waterproof overshoe. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iartique\i and Latin \Iar(c)ticus\i from Greek \Iarktikos,\i from \Iarktos\i 'bear, Ursa Major, pole star'\c
<hw>Arctic Circle</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IGeog\i the parallel of latitude 66░ 33\Fó\n N., forming an imaginary line round the Arctic regions.
<hw>Arctic Ocean</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IGeog\i the partly ice-covered expanse of ocean surrounding the North Pole.\Knew f. SOED April 94\k
<hw>arcuate</hw> \K/"A:kjU\F'\nt/\k \Iadj.\i shaped like a bow; curved. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iarcuatus,\i past part. of \Iarcuare\i 'curve', from \Iarcus\i 'bow, curve'\c
\B\Iarcus senilis\b\i \K/%A:kUs sE"ni:lIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnat\i a narrow opaque band commonly encircling the cornea in old age. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, literally 'senile bow'\c
<hw>arc welding</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IElectr\i a method of welding using an electric arc to melt metals to be welded.
<hw>-ard</hw> \K/\F'\nd/, /A:d/\k \Isuffix\i\p\B1\b forming nouns in depreciatory senses \3(drunkard;\c \2sluggard).\c\p\B2\b forming nouns in other senses \3(bollard;\c \2Spaniard;\c \2wizard).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English & Old French from German \I-hard\i 'hard, hardy'\c
<hw>ardent</hw> \K/"A:d(\F'\n)nt/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b eager, zealous; (of persons or feelings) fervent, passionate.\p\B2\b burning. \Bardency\b\p\In.\i\p\Bardently\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iardant\i from Latin \Iardens -entis,\i from \Iardere\i 'burn'\c
<hw>ardour</hw> \K/"A:d\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Bardor)\b zeal; burning enthusiasm; passion. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Iardor -oris,\i from \Iardere\i 'burn'\c
<hw>arduous</hw> \K/"A:djU\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b hard to achieve or overcome; laborious, strenuous.\p\B2\b steep, difficult \3(an arduous path).\c \Barduously\b \Iadv.\i \Barduousness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iarduus\i 'steep, difficult'\c
<hw>are (2)</hw> \K/A:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMeasure\i a metric unit of measure, equal to 100 square metres. \BEtymology:\b \3French, from Latin \J\Xarea\x\j\c
<hw>area</hw> \K/"E:rI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the extent or measure of a surface \3(over a large area;\c \23 acres in area;\c \2the area of a triangle).\c\p\B2\b \IGeog\i a region or tract \3(the southern area).\c\p\B3\b a space allocated for a specific purpose \3(dining area;\c \2camping area).\c\p\B4\b the scope or range of an activity or study.\p\B5\b a sunken enclosure giving access to the basement of a building.\KUS label omitted as NSOED and on advice of BB Jul 93\k\p\B6\b \I(prec. by \Bthe)\b\i \IFootball\i = \J\Xpenalty area\x.\j \Bareal\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = vacant piece of level ground\c
<hw>areca</hw> \K/"arIk\F'\n/, /\F'\n"ri:k\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a tropical Asian palm of the genus \IAreca.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Portuguese from Malayalam \Ißdekka\i\c
<hw>areca nut</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i the astringent seed of a species of areca, A. catechu. \IAlso called\i \Ibetel-nut.\i
<hw>arena</hw> \K/\F'\n"ri:n\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the central part of an amphitheatre etc., where contests take place.\p\B2\b a scene of conflict; a sphere of action or discussion. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \I(h)arena\i 'sand, sand-strewn place of combat'\c
<hw>arenaceous</hw> \K/arI"neIS\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i \IGeol\i\p\B1\b (of rocks) containing sand; having a sandy texture.\p\B2\b sandlike.\p\B3\b \IBot\i (of plants) growing in sand. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iarenaceus\i (as \J\Xarena\x,\j \J\X-aceous\x)\j\c
<hw>arena stage</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ITheatr\i a stage situated with the audience all round it.
<hw>aren't</hw> \K/A:nt/\k \Icontr.\i\p\B1\b are not.\p\B2\b \I(in \Binterrog.)\b\i am not \3(aren't I coming too?).\c
<hw>areola</hw> \K/\F'\n"ri:\F'\nl\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bareolae\b \K/-li:/\k)\p\B1\b \IAnat.\i a circular pigmented area, esp. that surrounding a nipple.\p\B2\b \IBiol\i any of the spaces between lines on a surface, e.g. of a leaf or an insect's wing. \Bareolar\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, diminutive of \Iarea\i \J\Xarea\x\j\c
<hw>arΩte</hw> \K/\F'\n"rEt/, /\F'\n"reIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeog\i a sharp mountain ridge. \BEtymology:\b \3French, from Latin \Iarista\i 'ear of corn, fishbone, spine'\c
<hw>argali</hw> \K/"A:g(\F'\n)li/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i same) \IZool\i a large Asiatic wild sheep, Ovis ammon, with massive horns. \BEtymology:\b \3Mongolian\c
<hw>argent</hw> \K/"A:dZ(\F'\n)nt/\k \In. & adj.\i \IHeraldry\i silver; silvery white. \BEtymology:\b \3French, from Latin \Iargentum\i\c
<hw>Argentine</hw> \K/"A:dZ(\F'\n)ntVIn/\k \Iadj. & n.\i (also \BArgentinian\b \K/-"tInI\F'\nn/\k) \Iadj.\i of or relating to Argentina in S. America.\p\In.\i\p\IPeople\i\p\B1\b a native or national of Argentina.\p\B2\b a person of Argentine descent.\p\1the Argentine\c Argentina. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish \IArgentina\i from Latin \Iargentum\i 'silver' (a major historical export)\c
<hw>argentine</hw> \K/"A:dZ(\F'\n)ntVIn/\k \Iadj.\i \IMineral\i of silver; silvery. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iargentin\i from \Iargent\i 'silver'\c
<hw>argil</hw> \K/"A:dZIl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPottery Geol\i clay, esp. that used in pottery. \Bargillaceous\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iargille\i via Latin \Iargilla\i from Greek \Iargillos,\i from \Iargos\i 'white'\c
<hw>arginine</hw> \K/"A:dZIni:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiochem\i a basic amino acid present in many animal proteins and an essential nutrient in the vertebrate diet. \BEtymology:\b \3German \IArginin,\i perhaps from Greek \Iarginoeis\i 'bright-shining, white'\c
<hw>Argive</hw> \K/"A:gVIv/, /-dZVIv/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of Argos in ancient Greece.\p\B2\b \Iliterary\i (esp. in Homeric contexts) Greek.\p\In.\i\p\IPeople\i\p\B1\b a citizen of Argos.\p\B2\b \I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i \Iliterary\i a Greek. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \IArgivus\i from Greek \IArgeios\i\c
<hw>argol</hw> \K/"A:g(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i crude potassium hydrogen tartrate. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Anglo-French \Iargoile,\i of unknown origin\c
<hw>argon</hw> \K/"A:gQn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i an inert gaseous element of the noble gas group, forming almost 1 per cent of the earth's atmosphere (symbol \BAr).\b\Ksymb\k \BEtymology:\b \3Greek, neut. of \Iargos\i 'idle' (as \J\Xa-\x (1)\j + \Iergon\i 'work')\c
<hw>argosy</hw> \K/"A:g\F'\nsi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \INaut\i \Ipoet.\i a large merchant ship, originally esp. from Ragusa (now Dubrovnik) or Venice. \BEtymology:\b \3probably Italian \IRagusea\i \I(nave)\i 'Ragusan (vessel)'\c
<hw>argot</hw> \K/"A:g\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILinguistics\i the jargon of a group or class, formerly esp. of criminals. \BEtymology:\b \3French: ultimate origin unknown\c
<hw>arguable</hw> \K/"A:gjU\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i open to argument or disagreement; debatable. \Barguably\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>argue</hw> \K/"A:gju:/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B(argues,\b \Bargued,\b \Barguing)\b\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bwith,\b \Babout,\b etc.)\i exchange views or opinions, especially heatedly or contentiously (with a person).\p\B2\b \Itr. & intr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bthat\b + clause)\i indicate; maintain by reasoning.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bfor,\b \Bagainst)\b\i reason \3(argued against joining).\c\p\B4\b \Itr.\i treat by reasoning \3(argue the point).\c\p\B5\b \Itr.\i \I(foll. by \Binto,\b \Bout of)\b\i persuade \3(argued me into going).\c\p\1argue the toss\c \Besp. Brit.\b \Icolloq.\i dispute a decision or choice already made. \Barguer\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iarguer\i from Latin \Iargutari\i 'prattle', frequentative of \Iarguere\i 'make clear, prove, accuse'\c
<hw>argufy</hw> \K/"A:gjUfVI/\k \Iv.intr.\i \B(-ies,\b \B-ied)\b \Icolloq.\i argue excessively or tediously. \BEtymology:\b \3fanciful from \J\Xargue\x:\j cf. \J\Xspeechify\x\j\c
<hw>argument</hw> \K/"A:gjUm(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an exchange of views, esp. a contentious or prolonged one.\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Bfor,\b \Bagainst)\b\i a reason advanced; a reasoning process \3(an argument for abolition).\c\p\B3\b a summary of the subject matter or line of reasoning of a book.\p\B4\b \IMath.\i an independent variable determining the value of a function. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Iargumentum,\i from \Iarguere\i (as \J\Xargue\x,\j \J\X-ment\x)\j\c
<hw>argumentation</hw> \K/%A:gjUmEn"teIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b methodical reasoning.\p\B2\b debate or argument. \BEtymology:\b \3French from Latin \Iargumentatio,\i from \Iargumentari\i (as \J\Xargument\x,\j \J\X-ation\x)\j\c
<hw>argumentative</hw> \K/A:gjU"mEnt\F'\ntIv/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b fond of arguing; quarrelsome.\p\B2\b using methodical reasoning. \Bargumentatively\b \Iadv.\i \Bargumentativeness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Iargumentatif -ive\i or Late Latin \Iargumentativus\i (as \J\Xargument\x,\j \J\X-ative\x)\j\c
<hw>argument from design</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ITheol.\i (in Christian theology) the argument that God's existence is provable by the evidence of design in the universe.\Kdenested Oct 94\k
<hw>Argus</hw> \K/"A:g\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a watchful guardian.\p\B2\b \IZool\i an Asiatic pheasant having markings on its tail resembling eyes.\p\B3\b \IZool\i a butterfly having markings resembling eyes. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Latin from Greek \IArgos,\i the name of a mythical watchman with a hundred eyes\c
<hw>Argus-eyed</hw> \Iadj.\i vigilant.
<hw>argute</hw> \K/A:"gju:t/\k \Iadj.\i \Iliterary\i\p\B1\b sharp or shrewd.\p\B2\b (of sounds) shrill.\Kargutely omitted Jul 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Iargutus,\i past part. of \Iarguere:\i see \J\Xargue\x\j\c
<hw>aria</hw> \K/"A:rI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMus.\i a long accompanied song for solo voice in an opera, oratorio, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian, = tune, air\c
<hw>Arian</hw> \K/"E:rI\F'\nn/\k \In. & adj.\i \IRelig\i\p\In.\i\pan adherent of the doctrine of Arius of Alexandria (4th c.), who denied the divinity of Christ. \Iadj.\i of or concerning this doctrine. \BArianism\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>-arian</hw> \K/"E:rI\F'\nn/\k \Isuffix\i forming adjectives and nouns meaning '(one) concerned with or believing in' \3(agrarian;\c \2antiquarian;\c \2humanitarian;\c \2vegetarian).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \I-arius\i (see \J\X-ary\x (1))\j\c
<hw>arid</hw> \K/"arId/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b (of ground, climate, etc.) dry, parched. \Bb\b too dry to support vegetation; barren.\p\B2\b uninteresting \3(arid verse).\c \Baridity\b \K/\F'\n"rIdIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Baridly\b \Iadv.\i \Baridness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Iaride\i or Latin \Iaridus,\i from \Iarere\i 'be dry'\c
<hw>ariel</hw> \K/"E:rI\F'\nl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a Middle Eastern and African gazelle, Gazella arabica.\Kariel new in COD9 - was omitted f. COD8 - f. COD box, NSOED Jul 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Arabic '\Iaryal\i\c
<hw>Aries</hw> \K/"E:ri:z/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i same)\p\B1\b \IAstron.\i a small constellation (the Ram), said to represent the ram whose Golden Fleece was sought by Jason and the Argonauts.\p\B2\b \IAstrol.\i \Ba\b the first sign of the zodiac, which the sun enters at the vernal equinox (about 20 Mar.). \Bb\b a person born when the sun is in this sign. \BArian\b \K/-rI\F'\nn/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin, = ram\c
<hw>aril</hw> \K/"arIl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot.\i an extra seed-covering, often coloured and hairy or fleshy, e.g. the red fleshy cup around a yew seed. \Barillate\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \Iarillus,\i of unknown origin: cf. medieval Latin \Iarilli\i 'dried grape-stones'\c
<hw>arioso</hw> \K/arI"\F'\nUz\F'\nU/, /A:-/\k \Iadj., adv., & n.\i \IMus.\i \Iadj. & adv.\i in a melodious songlike style.\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b a piece of music to be performed in this way.\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED, COD box Jul 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Italian, from \J\Xaria\x\j\c
<hw>arise</hw> \K/\F'\n"rVIz/\k \Iv.intr.\i \I(past\i \Barose\b \K/\F'\n"r\F'\nUz/\k; \Ipast part.\i \Barisen\b \K/\F'\n"rIz(\F'\n)n/\k)\p\B1\b begin to exist; originate.\p\B2\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bfrom,\b \Bout of)\b\i result \3(accidents can arise from carelessness).\c\p\B3\b come to one's notice; emerge \3(the question of payment arose).\c\p\B4\b \Iarchaic\i or \Ipoet.\i rise or get up. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iarisan\i (as \J\Xa-\x (2),\j \J\Xrise\x)\j\c
<hw>arisings</hw> \K/\F'\n"rVIzINz/\k \In.pl.\i \IIndustry\i materials forming the secondary or waste products of industrial operations.
<hw>aristocracy</hw> \K/arI"stQkr\F'\nsi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \ISociol Polit\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the highest class in society; the nobility. \Bb\b the nobility as a ruling class.\p\B2\b \Ba\b government by the nobility or a privileged group. \Bb\b a state governed in this way.\p\B3\b \Ba\b \I(often foll. by \Bof)\b\i the best representatives or upper echelons \3(aristocracy of intellect;\c \2aristocracy of labour).\c \Bb\b any group which is privileged or is regarded as superior.\Ksense 3b new f. SOED, incomings oct 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iaristocratie\i from Greek \Iaristokratia,\i from \Iaristos\i 'best' + \Ikratia\i (as \J\X-cracy\x)\j\c
<hw>aristocrat</hw> \K/"arIst\F'\nkrat/, /\F'\n"rIst-/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISociol Polit\i a member of the nobility. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iaristocrate\i (as \J\Xaristocratic\x)\j\c
<hw>aristocratic</hw> \K/%arIst\F'\n"kratIk/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \ISociol Polit\i of or relating to the aristocracy.\p\B2\b \Ba\b distinguished in manners or bearing. \Bb\b grand; stylish. \Baristocratically\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iaristocratique\i from Greek \Iaristokratikos\i (as \J\Xaristocracy\x)\j\c
<hw>Aristotelian</hw> \K/%arIst\F'\n"ti:lI\F'\nn/\k \In. & adj.\i \IPhilos\i\p\In.\i\pa disciple or student of the Greek philosopher Aristotle (d. 322 bc). \Iadj.\i of or concerning Aristotle or his ideas.
<hw>Aristotle's lantern</hw> \K/"arIstQt(\F'\n)lz/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool.\i a conical structure of calcareous plates and muscles supporting the rasping teeth of a sea urchin.\Knew f. OERD Apr 94\k
<hw>Arita</hw> \K/\F'\n"ri:t\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(usu. \Battrib.)\b\i \IPottery\i a type of Japanese porcelain characterized by asymmetric decoration. \BEtymology:\b \3the town of \IArita\i in Japan, where it is made\c
<hw>arithmetic</hw> \In. & adj.\i \IMath\i\p\In.\i\p\K/\F'\n"rITm\F'\ntIk/\k\p\B1\b \Ba\b the science of numbers. \Bb\b one's knowledge of this \3(have improved my arithmetic).\c\p\B2\b the use of numbers; computation \3(a problem involving arithmetic).\c \Iadj.\i \K/arIT"mEtIk/\k (also \Barithmetical\b \K/-"mEtIk(\F'\n)l/\k) of or concerning arithmetic. \Barithmetician\b \K/\F'\nrITm\F'\n"tIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iarismetique\i and Latin \Iarithmetica\i from Greek \Iarithmetike\i \I(tekhne)\i 'art of counting', from \Iarithmos\i 'number'\c
<hw>arithmetic mean</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMath\i the central number in an arithmetic progression.
<hw>arithmetic progression</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMath\i\p\B1\b an increase or decrease by a constant quantity (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4, etc., 9, 7, 5, 3, etc.).\p\B2\b a sequence of numbers showing this.
<hw>arithmetic series</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMath\i a series in arithmetic progression.\Karithmetical changed to -ic x2 as SOED Jul 93\k
<hw>-arium</hw> \K/"E:rI\F'\nm/\k \Isuffix\i forming nouns usu. denoting a place \3(aquarium;\c \2planetarium).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, neut. of adjs. ending in \I-arius:\i see \J\X-ary\x (1)\j\c
<hw>Ariz.</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IGeog\i Arizona.
<hw>Ark.</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IGeog\i Arkansas.
<hw>ark</hw> \K/A:k/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IRelig\i = \J\XNoah's ark\x 1.\j\p\B2\b \Iarchaic\i a chest or box.\p\1out of the ark\c \Icolloq.\i very antiquated. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iµrc\i from Latin \Iarca\i 'chest'\c
<hw>Ark of the Covenant</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \BArk of the Testimony)\b \IJewish Hist.\i a chest or cupboard containing the scrolls or tables of Jewish Law.
<hw>arm (1)</hw> \K/A:m/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IAnat\i each of the two upper limbs of the human body from the shoulder to the hand.\p\B2\b \Ba\b \IZool\i the forelimb of an animal. \Bb\b the flexible limb of an invertebrate animal (e.g. an octopus).\p\B3\b \Ba\b \IClothing\i the sleeve of a garment. \Bb\b \IFurniture\i the side part of a chair etc., used to support a sitter's arm. \Bc\b a thing resembling an arm in branching from a main stem \3(an arm of the sea).\c \Bd\b \IBot\i a large branch of a tree.\p\B4\b a control; a means of reaching \3(arm of the law).\c\p\B5\b a subsidiary company or specialist branch of a business, institution, etc.\Knew f. Incs Sept 94\k\p\1an arm and a leg\c \Icolloq.\i a large sum of money.\p\1arm in arm\c (of two or more persons) with arms linked.\p\1as long as your (or my) arm\c \Icolloq.\i very long.\p\1at arm's length\c\p\B1\b as far as an arm can reach.\p\B2\b far enough to avoid undue familiarity.\p\1in arms\c (of a baby) too young to walk.\p\1in a person's arms\c embraced.\p\1on one's arm\c supported by one's arm.\p\1under one's arm\c between the arm and the body.\p\1within arm's reach\c reachable without moving one's position.\p\1with open arms\c cordially. \Barmful\b\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-fuls).\b \Barmless\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English, from Germanic\c
<hw>arm (2)</hw> \K/A:m/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i \IMil\i \Ba\b a weapon. \Bb\b = \J\Xfirearm\x.\j\p\B2\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \IMil\i the military profession.\p\B3\b \IMil\i a branch of the military, of the armed forces, or other organization.\p\B4\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \IHeraldry\i heraldic devices \3(coat of arms).\c \Iv.tr. & refl.\i\p\B1\b supply with weapons.\p\B2\b supply with tools or other requisites or advantages \3(armed with the truth).\c\p\B3\b make (a bomb etc.) able to explode.\p\1in arms\c armed.\p\1lay down one's arms\c cease fighting.\p\1take up arms\c begin fighting.\p\1under arms\c \IMil\i ready for war or battle.\p\1up in arms\c \I(usu. foll. by \Bagainst,\b \Babout)\b\i actively rebelling. \Barmless\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iarmes\i \I(pl.),\i \Iarmer\i \I(v.),\i from Latin \Iarma\i 'arms, fittings'\c
<hw>armada</hw> \K/A:"mA:d\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMil Naut\i a fleet of warships, esp. that sent by Spain against England in 1588. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish, from Romanic \Iarmata\i 'army'\c
<hw>armadillo</hw> \K/A:m\F'\n"dIl\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b \IZool\i a nocturnal insect-eating edentate mammal of the family Dasypodidae, native to Central and S. America, with large claws for digging and a body covered in bony plates, often rolling itself into a ball when threatened. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish, diminutive of \Iarmado\i 'armed man' from Latin \Iarmatus,\i past part. of \Iarmare\i 'to arm'\c
<hw>Armageddon</hw> \K/A:m\F'\n"gEd(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IRelig\i (in the New Testament): \Ba\b the last battle between good and evil before the Day of Judgement. \Bb\b the place where this will be fought.\p\B2\b a bloody battle or struggle on a huge scale. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek, from Hebrew \Ihar megiddon\i 'hill of Megiddo': see Rev. 16:16\c
<hw>armament</hw> \K/"A:m\F'\nm(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i\p\B1\b \I(often in \Bpl.)\b\i military weapons and equipment, esp. guns on a warship.\p\B2\b the process of equipping for war.\p\B3\b \Iarchaic\i a force equipped for war. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iarmamentum\i (as \J\Xarm\x (2),\j \J\X-ment\x)\j\c
<hw>armamentarium</hw> \K/A:m\F'\nmEn"tE:rI\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Barmamentaria\b \K/-rI\F'\n/\k)\p\B1\b \IMed\i a set of medical equipment or drugs.\p\B2\b the resources available to a person engaged in a task. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = arsenal\c
<hw>armature</hw> \K/"A:m\F'\ntS\F'\n/, /-tj\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \IElectr\i the rotating coil or coils of a dynamo or electric motor. \Bb\b any moving part of an electrical machine in which a voltage is induced by a magnetic field.\p\B2\b \IPhysics\i = \J\Xkeeper\x 6.\j\p\B3\b \IBiol.\i the protective covering of an animal or plant.\p\B4\b \ISculpture\i a metal framework on which a sculpture is moulded with clay or similar material.\p\B5\b \IMil\i \Iarchaic\i arms; armour. \BEtymology:\b \3French, from Latin \Iarmatura\i 'armour' (as \J\Xarm\x (2),\j \J\X-ure\x)\j\c
<hw>armband</hw> \K/"A:mband/\k\p\In.\i\pa band worn around the upper arm to hold up a shirtsleeve or as a form of identification etc.
<hw>armchair</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IFurniture\i\p\B1\b \K/A:m"tSE:/, /"A:m-/\k a comfortable, usu. upholstered, chair with side supports for the arms.\p\B2\b \K/"A:mtSE:/\k \I\B(attrib.)\b\i theoretical rather than active or practical \3(an armchair critic).\c
<hw>armed forces</hw> \In.pl.\i \IMil\i the army, navy, and air force as fighting resources.\Knew f. SOED Dec 94\k
<hw>Armenian</hw> \K/A:"mi:nI\F'\nn/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPeople\i \Ba\b a native of Armenia in the Caucasus. \Bb\b a person of Armenian descent.\p\B2\b \ILanguage\i the language of Armenia. \Iadj.\i \IRelig\i of or relating to Armenia, its language, or the Christian Church established there \Ic\i300.
<hw>armhole</hw> \K/"A:mh\F'\nUl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IClothing\i each of two holes in a garment through which the arms are put, usu. into a sleeve.
<hw>armiger</hw> \K/"A:mIdZ\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IHeraldry\i a person entitled to heraldic arms.\Karmigerous omitted Jul 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = bearing arms, from \Iarma\i 'arms' + \Igerere\i 'bear'\c
<hw>armillary sphere</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAstron\i \Ihist.\i a representation of the celestial globe constructed from metal rings and showing the equator, the tropics, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \Iarmillaris\i from \Iarmilla\i 'bracelet'\c
<hw>Arminian</hw> \K/A:"mInI\F'\nn/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IRelig\i \Iadj.\i relating to the doctrine of Arminius, a Dutch Protestant theologian (d. 1609), who opposed the views of Calvin, esp. on predestination.\p\In.\i\pan adherent of this doctrine. \BArminianism\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>armistice</hw> \K/"A:mIstIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i a stopping of hostilities by common agreement of the opposing sides; a truce. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iarmistice\i or modern Latin \Iarmistitium,\i from \Iarma\i 'arms' \J(\Xarm\x (2))\j + \I-stitium\i 'stoppage'\c
<hw>Armistice Day</hw>\p\In.\i\pthe anniversary of the armistice of 11 Nov. 1918 \I(cf.\i \J\XRemembrance Sunday\x).\j
<hw>armlet</hw> \K/"A:mlIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IFashion\i a band worn round the arm.\p\B2\b \IGeog\i a small inlet of the sea, or branch of a river.
<hw>armlock</hw> \K/"A:mlQk/\k\p\In.\i\p\IWrestling Judo\i a close hold by the arm in wrestling or judo.\Knew f. SOED, corpus Dec 93\k
<hw>armoire</hw> \K/A:"mwA:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFurniture\i a cupboard or wardrobe, esp. one that is ornate or antique.\Knew f. SOED, incomings Jul 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3French: see \J\Xaumbry\x\j\c
<hw>armour</hw> \K/"A:m\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i \B(US\b \Barmor)\b\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMil\i a defensive covering, usu. of metal, formerly worn to protect the body in fighting.\p\B2\b \IMil\i \Ba\b (in full \Barmour-plate)\b a protective metal covering for an armed vehicle, ship, etc. \Bb\b armoured fighting vehicles collectively.\p\B3\b \IBot Zool\i a protective covering or shell on certain animals and plants.\p\B4\b \IHeraldry\i heraldic devices. \Iv.tr.\i \IMil\i (usu. as \Barmoured\b \Iadj.)\i provide with a protective covering, and often with guns \3(armoured car;\c \2armoured train).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iarmure\i from Latin \Iarmatura:\i see \J\Xarmature\x\j\c
<hw>armourer</hw> \K/"A:m\F'\nr\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Barmorer)\b \IMil\i\p\B1\b a maker or repairer of arms or armour.\p\B2\b an official in charge of a ship's or a regiment's arms. \BEtymology:\b \3Anglo-French \Iarmurer,\i Old French \I-urier\i (as \J\Xarmour\x,\j \J\X-er\x (5))\j\c
<hw>armoury</hw> \K/"A:m\F'\nri/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b also \Barmory)\b \I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IMil\i\p\B1\b a place where arms are kept; an arsenal.\p\B2\b an array of weapons, defensive resources, usable material, etc.\p\B3\b \BUS\b a place where arms are manufactured.\p\B4\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i (in Canada) a place where militia units drill and train.\Ksense 4 new f. kpb Sept 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iarmoirie,\i \Iarmoierie\i from \Iarmoier\i 'to blazon', from \Iarme\i \J\Xarm\x (2):\j assimilated to \J\Xarmour\x\j\c
<hw>armpit</hw> \K/"A:mpIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IAnat\i the hollow under the arm at the shoulder; \Ialso called\i \J\Xaxilla\x.\j\p\B2\b \BN. Amer.\b \Icolloq.\i a place or part considered disgusting or contemptible \3(the armpit of the world).\c
<hw>arms control</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMil Polit\i international disarmament or arms limitation, esp. by mutual agreement.
<hw>arms race</hw>\p\In.\i\p\I(usu. prec. by \Bthe)\b\i \IMil\i competition between nations for superiority in the development and accumulation of weapons.
<hw>arm-twisting</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Icolloq.\i persuasion by the use of physical force or (esp.) moral pressure.\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED, corpus Jul 93\k
<hw>arm-wrestling</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IWrestling\i a trial of strength in which each party tries to force the other's arm down on to a table on which their elbows rest.
<hw>army</hw> \K/"A:mi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \IMil\i an organized force armed for fighting on land.\p\B2\b \I(prec. by \Bthe)\b\i \IMil\i the military profession.\p\B3\b \I(often foll. by \Bof)\b\i a very large number \3(an army of locusts;\c \2an army of helpers).\c\p\B4\b an organized body regarded as fighting for a particular cause \3(Salvation Army).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iarmee\i from Romanic \Iarmata,\i fem. past part. of \Iarmare\i 'arm'\c
<hw>army ant</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i any ant of the subfamily Dorylinae, foraging in large groups.
<hw>Army List</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i (in the UK) an official list of commissioned officers.
<hw>army worm</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i any of various moth or fly larvae occurring in destructive swarms.
<hw>arnica</hw> \K/"A:nIk\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b a plant of the genus \IArnica\i (daisy family), having erect stems bearing yellow daisy-like flower heads, e.g. mountain tobacco.\p\B2\b \IPharm\i a medicine prepared from this, used for bruises etc. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin: ultimate origin unknown\c
<hw>aroid</hw> \K/"E:rOId/\k \Iadj.\i \IBot\i of or relating to the family Araceae, including arums. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xarum\x\j + \J\X-oid\x\j\c
<hw>aroma</hw> \K/\F'\n"r\F'\nUm\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IFood\i a fragrance; a distinctive and pleasing smell, often of food.\p\B2\b a subtle pervasive quality. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, from Greek \Iaroma -atos\i 'spice'\c
<hw>aromatherapy</hw> \K/\F'\nr\F'\nUm\F'\n"TEr\F'\npi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i the use of aromatic plant extracts and essential oils in massage or other treatment. \Baromatherapeutic\b \K/-"pju:tIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Baromatherapist\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>aromatic</hw> \K/ar\F'\n"matIk/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b fragrant, spicy; (of a smell) pleasantly pungent.\p\B2\b \IChem.\i (of an organic compound) having an unsaturated ring, esp. a benzene ring.\p\In.\i\pan aromatic substance. \Baromatically\b \Iadv.\i \Baromaticity\b \K/ar\F'\nm\F'\n"tIsIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iaromatique\i and Late Latin \Iaromaticus\i from Greek \Iaromatikos\i (as \J\Xaroma\x,\j \J\X-ic\x)\j\c
<hw>aromatize</hw> \K/\F'\n"r\F'\nUm\F'\ntVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b \IChem.\i convert (a compound) into an aromatic structure. \Baromatization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>arose</hw> \I\Ipast\i of\i \J\Xarise\x.\j
<hw>around</hw> \K/\F'\n"raUnd/\k \Iadv. & prep.\i \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b on every side; all round; round about.\p\B2\b in various places; here and there; at random \3(fool around;\c \2shop around).\c\p\B3\b \Icolloq.\i \Ba\b in existence; available \3(has been around for weeks).\c \Bb\b near at hand \3(it's good to have you around).\c\p\B4\b approximately \3(around 400 people attended).\c\Ksense 4 new f. OERD Mar 94\k \Iprep.\i\p\B1\b on or along the circuit of.\p\B2\b on every side of; enveloping.\p\B3\b here and there in; here and there near \3(chairs around the room).\c\p\B4\b \BN. Amer.\b (and increasingly \BBrit.)\b \Ba\b round \3(the church around the corner).\c \Bb\b approximately at; at a time near to \3(come around four o'clock;\c \2happened around June).\c\p\1have been around\c \Icolloq.\i be widely experienced. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xa\x (2)\j + \J\Xround\x\j\c
<hw>arouse</hw> \K/\F'\n"raUz/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b induce; call into existence (esp. a feeling, emotion, etc.).\p\B2\b awake from sleep.\p\B3\b stir into activity.\p\B4\b \ISex\i stimulate sexually. \Barousable\b \Iadj.\i \Barousal\b\p\In.\i\p\Karouser omitted Jul 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xa-\x (2)\j + \J\Xrouse\x\j\c
<hw>arpeggio</hw> \K/A:"pEdZI\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b \IMus.\i the notes of a chord played in succession, either ascending or descending. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian, from \Iarpeggiare\i 'play the harp' from \Iarpa\i 'harp'\c
<hw>arrack</hw> \K/"ar\F'\nk/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Barak\b \K/\F'\n"rak/\k) \IDrink\i an alcoholic spirit, esp. distilled from coco sap or rice. \BEtymology:\b \3Arabic '\Iarak\i 'sweat', '\Iarak al-tamr\i 'alcoholic spirit from dates'\c
<hw>arraign</hw> \K/\F'\n"reIn/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b indict before a tribunal; accuse.\p\B2\b find fault with; call into question (an action or statement). \Barraignment\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Anglo-French \Iarainer\i from Old French \Iaraisnier\i (ultimately as \J\Xad-\x,\j Latin \Iratio -onis\i 'reason, account')\c
<hw>arrange</hw> \K/\F'\n"reIn(d)Z/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i put into the required order; classify.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i plan or provide for; cause to occur \3(arranged a meeting).\c\p\B3\b \Itr.\i settle beforehand the order or manner of.\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i take measures; form plans; give instructions \3(arrange to be there at eight;\c \2arranged for a taxi to come;\c \2will you arrange about the cake?).\c\p\B5\b \Iintr.\i come to an agreement \3(arranged with her to meet later).\c\p\B6\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b \IMus.\i adapt (a composition) for performance with instruments or voices other than those originally specified. \Bb\b adapt (a play etc.) for broadcasting.\p\B7\b \Itr.\i \Iarchaic\i settle (a dispute, claim, etc.). \Barrangeable\b \Iadj.\i \Barranger\b\p\In.\i\p(esp. in sense 6). \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iarangier,\i from \Iα\i 'to' + \Irangier\i \J\Xrange\x\j\c
<hw>arrangement</hw> \K/\F'\n"reIn(d)Zm(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or process of arranging or being arranged.\p\B2\b the condition of being arranged; the manner in which a thing is arranged.\p\B3\b something arranged.\p\B4\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i plans, measures \3(make your own arrangements).\c\p\B5\b \IMus.\i a composition arranged for performance by different instruments or voices (see \J\Xarrange\x 6a).\j\p\B6\b settlement of a dispute etc. \BEtymology:\b \3French (as \J\Xarrange\x,\j \J\X-ment\x)\j\c
<hw>arrant</hw> \K/"ar(\F'\n)nt/\k \Iattrib.adj.\i downright, utter, notorious \3(arrant liar;\c \2arrant nonsense).\c \Barrantly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, variant of \J\Xerrant\x,\j originally in phrases like \Iarrant\i (= outlawed, roving) \Ithief\i\c
<hw>arras</hw> \K/"ar\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\Ihist.\i a rich tapestry, often hung on the walls of a room, or to conceal an alcove. \BEtymology:\b \3from \IArras,\i a town in NE France famous for the fabric\c
<hw>array</hw> \K/\F'\n"reI/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an imposing or well-ordered series or display.\p\B2\b \IMil\i an ordered arrangement, esp. of troops \3(battle array).\c\p\B3\b \Ipoet.\i an outfit or dress \3(in fine array).\c\p\B4\b \Ba\b \IMath.\i an arrangement of quantities or symbols in rows and columns; a matrix. \Bb\b \IComputing\i an ordered set of related elements.\p\B5\b \ILaw\i a list of jurors empanelled. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b deck, adorn.\p\B2\b \IMil\i set in order; marshal (forces).\p\B3\b \ILaw\i empanel (a jury). \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Anglo-French \Iaraier,\i Old French \Iareer,\i ultimately from Latin \Iad\i \J\Xar-\x\j + a Germanic root meaning 'prepare'\c
<hw>arrears</hw> \K/\F'\n"rI\F'\nz/\k \In.pl.\i an amount still outstanding or uncompleted, esp. work undone or a debt unpaid.\p\1in arrears\c (or \Barrear)\b behindhand, esp. in payment. \Barrearage\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English (originally as \Iadv.)\i via Old French \Iarere\i from medieval Latin \Iadretro\i (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \Iretro\i 'backwards'): first used in the phrase \Iin arrear\i\c
<hw>arrest</hw> \K/\F'\n"rEst/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \ICriminol\i \Ba\b seize (a person) and take into custody, esp. by legal authority. \Bb\b seize (a ship) by legal authority.\p\B2\b stop or check (esp. a process or moving thing).\p\B3\b \Ba\b attract (a person's attention). \Bb\b attract the attention of (a person).\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ICriminol\i the act of arresting or being arrested, esp. the legal seizure of a person.\p\B2\b a stoppage or check \3(cardiac arrest).\c\p\1arrest of judgement\c \ILaw\i the staying of proceedings, notwithstanding a verdict, on the grounds of a material irregularity in the course of the trial. \Barrestingly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iarester,\i ultimately from Latin \Irestare\i 'remain, stop'\c
<hw>arrestable</hw> \K/\F'\n"rEst\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b susceptible of arrest.\p\B2\b \ILaw\i (esp. of an offence) such that the offender may be arrested without a warrant.
<hw>arrester</hw> \K/\F'\n"rEst\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Barrestor)\b \IAeron\i a device, esp. on an aircraft carrier, for slowing an aircraft by means of a hook and cable after landing.
<hw>arrestment</hw> \K/\F'\n"rEs(t)m(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\Besp. Sc.\b \ILaw\i attachment of property for the satisfaction of a debt.
<hw>arrhythmia</hw> \K/\F'\n"rIDmI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed.\i deviation from the normal rhythm of the heart.\Knew f. Collins, NSOED Mar 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iarruthmia\i 'lack of rhythm' (as \J\Xa-\x (1),\j \J\Xrhythm\x,\j \J\X-ia\x (1))\j\c
\B\IarriΦre-pensΘe\b\i \K/arIE:"pQnseI/, French /arjErpA~se/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an undisclosed motive.\p\B2\b a mental reservation. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = behind thought\c
<hw>arris</hw> \K/"arIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IArchit.\i a sharp edge formed by the meeting of two flat or curved surfaces. \BEtymology:\b \3corruption from French \Iareste,\i modern \J\XarΩte\x\j\c
<hw>arrival</hw> \K/\F'\n"rVIv(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the act or an instance of arriving. \Bb\b an appearance on the scene.\p\B2\b a person or thing that has arrived. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Anglo-French \Iarrivaille\i (as \J\Xarrive\x,\j \J\X-al\x)\j\c
<hw>arrive</hw> \K/\F'\n"rVIv/\k \Iv.intr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bat,\b \Bin)\b\i\p\B1\b reach a destination; come to the end of a journey or a specified part of a journey \3(arrived in Tibet;\c \2arrived at the station;\c \2arrived late).\c\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bat)\b\i reach (a conclusion, decision, etc.).\p\B3\b \Icolloq.\i establish one's reputation or position.\p\B4\b \Icolloq.\i (of a child) be born.\p\B5\b (of a thing) be brought \3(the flowers have arrived).\c\p\B6\b (of a time) come \3(her birthday arrived at last).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, in the sense 'reach the end of a voyage', from Old French \Iariver,\i ultimately as \J\Xad-\x\j + Latin \Iripa\i 'shore'\c
<hw>arriviste</hw> \K/ari:"vi:st/\k\p\In.\i\pan ambitious or ruthlessly self-seeking person. \BEtymology:\b \3French from \Iarriver\i (as \J\Xarrive\x,\j \J\X-ist\x)\j\c
<hw>arrogant</hw> \K/"ar\F'\ng(\F'\n)nt/\k \Iadj.\i (of a person, attitude, etc.) aggressively assertive or presumptuous; overbearing. \Barrogance\b\p\In.\i\p\Barrogantly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French (as \J\Xarrogate\x,\j \J\X-ant\x)\j\c
<hw>arrogate</hw> \K/"ar\F'\ngeIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bto\b oneself)\i claim (power, responsibility, etc.) without justification.\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i attribute unjustly (to a person). \Barrogation\b \K/-"geIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iarrogare arrogat-\i (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \Irogare\i 'ask')\c
<hw>arrondissement</hw> \K/a"rQndi:smA~/, /arQn"di:smA~/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i\p\B1\b a subdivision of a French department, for local government administration purposes.\p\B2\b an administrative district of a large city, esp. Paris. \BEtymology:\b \3French\c
<hw>arrow</hw> \K/"ar\F'\nU/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IArchery\i a sharp pointed wooden or metal stick shot from a bow as a weapon.\p\B2\b a drawn or printed etc. representation of an arrow indicating a direction; a pointer.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i move like an arrow; move swiftly.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i (as \Barrowed\b \Iadj.)\i provided or marked with an arrow or arrows.\Kv. new f. Corpus, SOED Oct 93\k \Barrowy\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iar(e)we\i via Old Norse \I÷r\i from Germanic\c
<hw>arrow-grass</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a marsh plant of the genus \ITriglochin.\i
<hw>arrowhead</hw> \K/"ar\F'\nUhEd/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IArchery\i the pointed end of an arrow.\p\B2\b \IBot\i a water plant, Sagittaria sagittaria, with arrow-shaped leaves.\p\B3\b a decorative device resembling an arrowhead.
<hw>arrowroot</hw> \K/"ar\F'\n(U)ru:t/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a plant of the family Marantaceae, esp Maranta arundinacea of the W. Indies, from which a starch is prepared and used for nutritional and medicinal purposes. \BEtymology:\b \3alteration of Arawak \Iaru-aru\i (literally 'meal of meals') by assimilation to \J\Xarrow\x\j and \J\Xroot\x (1),\j the tubers having been used to absorb poison from arrow wounds\c
<hw>arroyo</hw> \K/\F'\n"rOI\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b \Besp. US\b \IGeog\i\p\B1\b a usu. dry gully cut by a stream, esp. in arid regions.\p\B2\b a brook or stream. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish\c
<hw>arse</hw> \K/A:s/\k \In. & v.\i \B(N. Amer.\b \Bass\b \K/as/\k) \Icoarse slang\i\p\In.\i\p\IAnat\i the buttocks. \Iv.intr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Babout,\b \Baround)\b\i play the fool. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iµrs\i\c
<hw>arsehole</hw> \K/"A:sh\F'\nUl/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(N. Amer.\b \Basshole\b \K/"as-/\k) \Icoarse slang\i\p\B1\b \IAnat\i the anus.\p\B2\b \Ioffens.\i a term of contempt for a person.\Khyphen omitted in COD9 on corpus etc. evidence Jul 93\k
<hw>arse-licking</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B(N. Amer.\b \Bass-licking)\b \Icoarse slang\i obsequiousness for the purpose of gaining favour; toadying. \Barse-licker\b\p\In.\i\p\K-er new in COD9 f. NSOED Jul 93\k
<hw>arsenal</hw> \K/"A:s(\F'\n)n(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i\p\B1\b a store of weapons.\p\B2\b a government establishment for the storage and manufacture of weapons and ammunition.\p\B3\b resources of anything compared with weapons (e.g. abuse), regarded collectively. \BEtymology:\b \3obsolete French \Iarsenal\i or Italian \Iarzanale\i from Arabic \Idarsina\i'\Ia,\i from \Idar\i 'house' + \Isina\i'\Ia\i 'art, industry' from \Isana\i'\Ia\i 'fabricate'\c
<hw>arsenic</hw> \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\K/"A:s(\F'\n)nIk/\k\p\B1\b (in full \Bwhite arsenic)\b a non-scientific name for arsenic trioxide, a highly poisonous white powdery substance used in weedkillers, rat poison, etc.\p\B2\b \IChem.\i a brittle semi-metallic element, used in semiconductors and alloys (symbol \BAs).\b\Ksymb\k \Iadj.\i \K/A:"sEnIk/\k\p\B1\b of or concerning arsenic.\p\B2\b \IChem.\i containing arsenic with its higher valency of five. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French and Latin \Iarsenicum\i from Greek \Iarsenikon\i 'yellow orpiment', identified with \Iarsenikos\i 'male', but in fact from Arabic \Ial-zarnik,\i from \Ial\i 'the' + \Izarnik\i 'orpiment', ultimately from Persian \Izar\i 'gold'\c
<hw>arsenical</hw> \K/A:"sEnIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i of or containing arsenic.\p\In.\i\p\IPharm\i a drug containing arsenic.
<hw>arsenious</hw> \K/A:"si:nI\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i \IChem.\i containing arsenic with its lower valency of three.\Knew f. NSOED Aug 94\k
<hw>arsine</hw> \K/"A:si:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i arsenic trihydride, a colourless poisonous gas smelling slightly of garlic. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xarsenic\x\j on the pattern of \Iamine\i\c
<hw>arsis</hw> \K/"A:sIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Barses\b \K/-si:z/\k) \IProsody\i a stressed syllable or part of a metrical foot in Greek or Latin verse \I(opp.\i \J\Xthesis\x 3).\j \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Late Latin from Greek, = lifting, from \Iairo\i 'raise'\c
<hw>arson</hw> \K/"A:s(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i the act of maliciously setting fire to property. \Barsonist\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3legal Anglo-French, Old French, via medieval Latin \Iarsio -onis\i from Latin \Iardere ars-\i 'burn'\c
<hw>arsphenamine</hw> \K/A:s"fEn\F'\nmi:n/, /-In/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPharm\i a drug formerly used in the treatment of syphilis and parasitic diseases. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xarsenic\x\j + \J\Xphenyl\x\j + \J\Xamine\x\j\c
<hw>art (1)</hw> \K/A:t/\k\p\In.\i\p\IArt\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b human creative skill or its application. \Bb\b work exhibiting this.\p\B2\b \Ba\b \I(in \Bpl.;\b\i \Iprec. by \Bthe)\b\i the various branches of creative activity concerned with the production of imaginative designs, sounds, or ideas, e.g. painting, music, writing, considered collectively. \Bb\b any one of these branches.\p\B3\b creative activity, esp. painting and drawing, resulting in visual representation \3(interested in music but not art).\c\p\B4\b human skill or workmanship as opposed to the work of nature \3(art and nature had combined to make her a great beauty).\c\p\B5\b \I(often foll. by \Bof)\b\i a skill, aptitude, or knack \3(the art of writing clearly;\c \2keeping people happy is quite an art).\c\p\B6\b \I(in \Bpl.;\b\i \Iusu. prec. by \Bthe)\b\i those branches of learning (esp. languages, literature, and history) associated with creative skill as opposed to scientific, technical, or vocational skills. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Iars artis\i\c
<hw>art deco</hw> \K/"dEk\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\IArt\i the predominant decorative art style of the period 1910-30, characterized by precise and boldly delineated geometric motifs, shapes, and strong colours. \BEtymology:\b \3shortened from French \Iart dΘcoratif,\i from the 1925 \IExposition des Arts dΘcoratifs\i in Paris\c
<hw>artefact</hw> \K/"A:tIfakt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Bartifact)\b\p\B1\b a product of human art and workmanship.\p\B2\b \IArchaeol.\i a product of prehistoric or aboriginal workmanship as distinguished from a similar object naturally produced.\p\B3\b \IBiol. etc.\i a feature not naturally present, introduced during preparation or investigation (e.g. in the preparation of a microscope specimen). \Bartefactual\b \Iadj.\i (in senses 1 and 2). \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iarte\i (ablative of \Iars\i 'art') + \Ifactum\i (neut. past part. of \Ifacere\i 'make')\c
\B\Iartel\b\i \K/A:"tEl/\k\p\In.\i\pan association of craftsmen, peasants, etc., in Russia and other countries of the former Soviet Union. \BEtymology:\b \3Russian\c
<hw>artemisia</hw> \K/A:tI"mIzj\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i an aromatic or bitter-tasting plant of the genus \IArtemisia\i (daisy family), which includes wormwood, mugwort, sagebrush, etc.\Knew f. Collins, NSOED Mar 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Latin from Greek, = wormwood, from \IArtemis,\i the name of a goddess, to whom it was sacred\c
<hw>arterial</hw> \K/A:"tI\F'\nrI\F'\nl/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IAnat\i of or relating to an artery \3(arterial blood).\c\p\B2\b \ITransport\i (esp. of a road) main, important, esp. linking large cities or towns. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IartΘriel\i from \IartΦre\i \J\Xartery\x\j\c
<hw>arterialize</hw> \K/A:"tI\F'\nrI\F'\nlVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b\p\B1\b \IAnat\i convert venous into arterial (blood) by reoxygenation esp. in the lungs.\p\B2\b provide with an arterial system. \Barterialization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>arteriole</hw> \K/A:"tI\F'\nrI\F'\nUl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnat\i a small branch of an artery leading into capillaries. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IartΘriole,\i diminutive of \IartΦre\i \J\Xartery\x\j\c
<hw>arteriosclerosis</hw> \K/A:%tI\F'\nrI\F'\nUsklI\F'\n"r\F'\nUsIs/, /-skl\F'\n-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i the loss of elasticity and thickening of the walls of the arteries, esp. in old age; hardening of the arteries. \Barteriosclerotic\b \K/-"rQtIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xartery\x\j + \J\Xsclerosis\x\j\c
<hw>artery</hw> \K/"A:t\F'\nri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \IAnat\i any of the muscular-walled tubes forming part of the blood circulation system of the body, carrying usu. oxygen-enriched blood from the heart \I(cf.\i \J\Xvein\x 1a).\j\K'usu.' to allow for pulmonary artery Dec 94\k\p\B2\b a main road or railway line. \Barteritis\b \K/-"rVItIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Latin \Iarteria\i from Greek \Iarteria,\i probably from \Iairo\i 'raise'\c
<hw>artesian well</hw> \K/A:"ti:zI\F'\nn/, /-Z(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IEngin\i a well bored perpendicularly, esp. through rock, into water-bearing strata lying at an angle, so that natural pressure produces a constant supply of water with little or no pumping. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IartΘsien\i from \IArtois,\i an old French province, where such wells were first made\c
<hw>Artex</hw> \K/"A:tEks/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBuilding\i \Ipropr.\i a kind of plaster applied to give a textured finish, often in decorative patterns, to walls and ceilings.\Knew f. OED, corpus Jul 83\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xart\x (1)\j + \J\Xtexture\x\j\c
<hw>art form</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IArt\i\p\B1\b any medium of artistic expression.\p\B2\b an established form of composition (e.g. the novel, sonata, sonnet, etc.).
<hw>artful</hw> \K/"A:tfUl/, /-f(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b (of a person or action) crafty, deceitful.\p\B2\b skilful, clever. \Bartfully\b \Iadv.\i \Bartfulness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>arthritis</hw> \K/A:"TrVItIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i any of various diseases, esp. rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, involving pain and stiffness of the joints. \Barthritic\b \K/-"TrItIk/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin from Greek, from \Iarthron\i 'joint'\c
<hw>arthropod</hw> \K/"A:Tr\F'\npQd/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool.\i any invertebrate animal of the phylum Arthropoda, with a segmented body, jointed limbs, and an external skeleton, e.g. an insect, spider, or crustacean. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iarthron\i 'joint' + \Ipous podos\i 'foot'\c
<hw>Arthurian</hw> \K/A:"TjU\F'\nrI\F'\nn/\k \Iadj.\i relating to or associated with King Arthur, the legendary British ruler, or his court.
<hw>artichoke</hw> \K/"A:tItS\F'\nUk/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b a European plant, Cynara scolymus, allied to the thistle.\p\B2\b (in full \Bglobe artichoke)\b the flower head of the artichoke, the bracts of which have edible bases (see also \J\XJerusalem artichoke\x).\j \BEtymology:\b \3Italian \Iarticiocco\i from Arabic \Ial-karÜufa\i\c
<hw>article</hw> \K/"A:tIk(\F'\n)l/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \I(often in \Bpl.)\b\i an item or commodity, usu. not further distinguished \3(a collection of odd articles).\c\p\B2\b \IJournalism\i a non-fictional essay, esp. one included with others in a newspaper, magazine, journal, etc.\p\B3\b \Ba\b a particular part \3(an article of faith).\c \Bb\b a separate clause or portion of any document \3(articles of apprenticeship).\c\p\B4\b \IGram.\i the definite or indefinite article. \Iv.tr.\i bind by articles of apprenticeship. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Iarticulus,\i diminutive of \Iartus\i 'joint'\c
<hw>articled clerk</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i a trainee solicitor.\Knew in COD9 f. POD8 Jul 93\k
<hw>article of virtu</hw>\p\In.\i\pan article interesting because of its workmanship, antiquity, rarity, etc.
<hw>articular</hw> \K/A:"tIkjUl\F'\n/\k \Iadj.\i \IAnat\i of or relating to the joints. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Iarticularis\i (as \J\Xarticle\x,\j \J\X-ar\x (1))\j\c
<hw>articulate</hw> \Iadj. & v.\i \Iadj.\i \K/A:"tIkjUl\F'\nt/\k\p\B1\b able to speak fluently and coherently.\p\B2\b (of sound or speech) having clearly distinguishable parts.\p\B3\b \IAnat\i having joints.\p\Iv.\i\p\K/A:"tIkjUleIt/\k\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b pronounce (words, syllables, etc.) clearly and distinctly. \Bb\b express (an idea etc.) coherently.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i speak distinctly \3(was quite unable to articulate).\c\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \I(usu. in \Bpassive)\b\i \IAnat\i connect by joints.\p\B4\b \Itr.\i mark with apparent joints.\p\B5\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i \IAnat\i form a joint. \Barticulacy\b\p\In.\i\p\Barticulately\b \Iadv.\i \Barticulateness\b\p\In.\i\p\Barticulator\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iarticulatus\i (as \J\Xarticle\x,\j \J\X-ate\x (2))\j\c
<hw>articulated lorry</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ITransport\i a lorry consisting of two or more sections connected by a flexible joint.
<hw>articulation</hw> \K/A:%tIkjU"leIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the act of speaking. \Bb\b articulate utterance; speech.\p\B2\b \Ba\b the act or a mode of jointing. \Bb\b \IAnat. etc.\i a joint. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iarticulation\i or Latin \Iarticulatio,\i from \Iarticulare\i 'joint' (as \J\Xarticle\x,\j \J\X-ation\x)\j\c
<hw>artifice</hw> \K/"A:tIfIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a clever device; a contrivance.\p\B2\b \Ba\b cunning. \Bb\b an instance of this.\p\B3\b skill, dexterity. \BEtymology:\b \3French from Latin \Iartificium,\i from \Iars artis\i 'art' + \I-ficium\i 'making' from \Ifacere\i 'make'\c
<hw>artificer</hw> \K/A:"tIfIs\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an inventor.\p\B2\b a craftsman.\p\B3\b \IMil Naut\i a skilled mechanic in the armed forces. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Anglo-French, probably alteration of Old French \Iartificien\i\c
<hw>artificial</hw> \K/A:tI"fIS(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b produced by human art or effort rather than originating naturally \3(an artificial lake).\c\p\B2\b not real; imitation, fake \3(artificial flowers).\c\p\B3\b affected, insincere \3(an artificial smile).\c \Bartificiality\b \K/-SI"alIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bartificially\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iartificiel\i or Latin \Iartificialis\i (as \J\Xartifice\x,\j \J\X-al\x)\j\c
<hw>artificial insemination</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IVet\i \IMed\i the injection of semen into the vagina or uterus other than by sexual intercourse.
<hw>artificial intelligence</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IComputing\i the theory and development of computer systems able to perform tasks normally requiring human intelligence, such as decision-making and speech recognition.
<hw>artificial kidney</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i an apparatus that performs the functions of the human kidney (outside the body), when one or both organs are damaged. \IAlso called\i \Ikidney machine.\i
<hw>artificial respiration</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i the restoration or initiation of breathing by manual or mechanical or mouth-to-mouth methods.
<hw>artillery</hw> \K/A:"tIl\F'\nri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IMil\i\p\B1\b large-calibre guns used in warfare on land.\p\B2\b a branch of the armed forces that uses these. \Bartillerist\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iartillerie\i from \Iartiller,\i alteration of \Iatillier,\i \Iatirier\i 'equip, arm'\c
<hw>artilleryman</hw> \K/A:"tIl\F'\nrIm\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-men)\b \IMil\i a member of the artillery.
<hw>artiodactyl</hw> \K/A:tI\F'\n(U)"daktIl/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IZool.\i \Iadj.\i of or relating to the order Artiodactyla of ungulate mammals with two main toes on each foot, including camels, pigs, and ruminants.\p\In.\i\pan animal of this order.\Knew f. Collins, NSOED Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \IArtiodactyla,\i from Greek \Iartios\i 'even' + \Idaktulos\i 'finger, toe'\c
<hw>artisan</hw> \K/A:tI"zan/, /"A:tIzan/\k\p\In.\i\pa skilled (esp. manual) worker; a craftsman. \BEtymology:\b \3French from Italian \Iartigiano,\i ultimately from Latin \Iartitus,\i past part. of \Iartire\i 'instruct in the arts'\c
<hw>artist</hw> \K/"A:tIst/\k\p\In.\i\p\IArt\i\p\B1\b a painter.\p\B2\b a person who practises any of the arts.\p\B3\b an artiste.\p\B4\b a person who works with the dedication and attributes associated with an artist \3(an artist in crime).\c\p\B5\b \Icolloq.\i a devotee; a habitual practiser of a specified (usu. reprehensible) activity \3(con artist).\c \Bartistry\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Iartiste\i from Italian \Iartista\i (as \J\Xart\x (1),\j \J\X-ist\x)\j\c
<hw>artiste</hw> \K/A:"ti:st/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITheatr\i a professional performer, esp. a singer or dancer. \BEtymology:\b \3French: see \J\Xartist\x\j\c
<hw>artistic</hw> \K/A:"tIstIk/\k \Iadj.\i \IArt\i\p\B1\b having natural skill in art.\p\B2\b made or done with art.\p\B3\b of art or artists. \Bartistically\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>artless</hw> \K/"A:tlIs/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b guileless, ingenuous.\p\B2\b not resulting from or displaying art.\p\B3\b clumsy. \Bartlessly\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>art nouveau</hw> \K/A: nu:"v\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\IArt\i a European art style of the late 19th c. characterized by flowing lines and natural organic forms. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = new art\c
<hw>art of war</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i strategy and tactics.
<hw>arts and crafts</hw> \In.pl.\i \IArt\i decorative design and handicraft.
<hw>artwork</hw> \K/"A:tw\F'\n:k/\k\p\In.\i\p\IArt Printing\i the illustrations in a printed work.
<hw>arty</hw> \K/"A:ti/\k \Iadj.\i (also \Besp. N. Amer.\b \Bartsy\b \K/"A:tsi/\k) \B(-ier,\b \B-iest)\b \Icolloq.\i pretentiously or affectedly artistic.\Kartsy new f. Incomings Sep 93\k \Bartiness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>arty-crafty</hw> \Iadj.\i \Besp. Brit.\b\p\B1\b quaintly artistic.\p\B2\b (of furniture etc.) seeking stylistic effect rather than usefulness or comfort.\Ksplit into senses 1 and 2 Sept 94\k
<hw>arty-farty</hw> \Iadj.\i (also \Bartsy-fartsy)\b \Icolloq.\i pretentiously artistic.\Knew word in COD9 f. NSOED, COD box Jul 93\k
<hw>arugula</hw> \K/\F'\n"ru:gjUl\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b \IBot food\i = \J\Xrocket\x (2) 2.\j\Knew f. incomings Jul 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Italian dialect, ultimately diminutive of Latin \Ieruca\i\c
<hw>arum</hw> \K/"E:r\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b a plant of the European genus \IArum,\i usu. stemless with arrow-shaped leaves and a white spathe, e.g. cuckoo-pint.\p\B2\b any of several other plants of the family Araceae.\Ksense 2 new f. K Barber Mar 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, from Greek \Iaron\i\c
<hw>arum lily</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Besp. Brit.\b \IBot\i a tall lily-like aroid plant of the African genus \IZantedeschia.\i \IAlso called\i \Icalla lily.\i
<hw>Arunta</hw> var. of \J\XAranda\x.\j\Knew f. corpus April 94\k
<hw>-ary (2)</hw> \K/\F'\nri/\k \Isuffix\i forming adjectives \3(military).\c \BEtymology:\b \3French \I-aire\i or from Latin \I-aris\i 'belonging to'\c
<hw>Aryan</hw> \K/"E:rI\F'\nn/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPeople\i a member of the peoples speaking any of the languages of the Indo-European (esp. Indo-Iranian) family.\p\B2\b \ILanguage\i the parent language of this family.\p\B3\b \IPeople\i (in Nazi ideology) a Caucasian not of Jewish descent. \Iadj.\i of or relating to Aryan or the Aryans. \BEtymology:\b \3Sanskrit \Iaryas\i 'noble'\c
<hw>aryl</hw> \K/"arVIl/, /-rIl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i a radical derived from an aromatic hydrocarbon by removal of a hydrogen atom. \BEtymology:\b \3German \IAryl\i (as \J\Xaromatic\x,\j \J\X-yl\x)\j\c
<hw>As</hw> \Isymb.\i \IChem.\i the element arsenic.
<hw>as (1)</hw> \K/az/, /\F'\nz/\k \Iadv., conj., & pron.\i \Iadv. & conj.\i \I\I(adv.\i as antecedent in main sentence; \Iconj.\i in relative clause expressed or implied)\i ... to the extent to which ... is or does etc. \3(I am as tall as he;\c \2am as tall as he is;\c \2am not so tall as he;\c \I(colloq.)\i \2am as tall as him;\c \2as many as six;\c \2as recently as last week;\c \2it is not as easy as you think).\c \Iconj.\i \I(with relative clause expressed or implied)\i\p\B1\b \I(with antecedent \Bso)\b\i expressing result or purpose \3(came early so as to meet us;\c \2we so arranged matters as to avoid a long wait;\c \2so good as to exceed all hopes).\c\p\B2\b \I(with antecedent adverb omitted)\i having concessive force \3(good as it is = although it is good;\c \2try as he might = although he might try).\c\p\B3\b \I(without antecedent adverb)\i \Ba\b in the manner in which \3(do as you like;\c \2was regarded as a mistake;\c \2they rose as one man).\c \Bb\b in the capacity or form of \3(I speak as your friend;\c \2Olivier as Hamlet;\c \2as a matter of fact).\c \Bc\b during or at the time that \3(came up as I was speaking;\c \2fell just as I reached the door).\c \Bd\b for the reason that; seeing that \3(as you are here, we can talk).\c \Be\b for instance \3(cathedral cities, as York).\c \Irel.pron.\i \I(with verb of relative clause expressed or implied)\i\p\B1\b that, who, which \3(I had the same trouble as you;\c \2he is a writer, as is his wife;\c \2such money as you have;\c \2such countries as France).\c\p\B2\b \I(with sentence as antecedent)\i a fact that \3(he lost, as you know).\c\p\1as and when\c to the extent and at the time that \3(I'll do it as and when I want to).\c\p\1as for\c with regard to \3(as for you, I think you are wrong).\c\p\1as from\c \Besp. Brit.\b on and after (a specified date).\p\1as if\c (or \Bthough)\b as would be the case if \3(acts as if he were in charge;\c \2as if you didn't know!;\c \2looks as though we've won).\c\p\1as it is\c (or \Bas is)\b in the existing circumstances or state.\p\1as it were\c in a way; to a certain extent \3(he is, as it were, infatuated).\c\p\1as long as\c \Isee\i \J\Xlong\x (1).\j\p\1as much\c \Isee\i \J\Xmuch\x.\j\p\1as of\c\p\B1\b = \Ias from.\i\p\B2\b as at (a specified time).\p\1as per\c \Isee\i \J\Xper\x 3.\j\p\1as regards\c \Isee\i \J\Xregard\x.\j\p\1as soon as\c \Isee\i \J\Xsoon\x.\j\p\1as such\c \Isee\i \J\Xsuch\x.\j\p\1as though\c \Isee\i \Ias if.\i\p\1as to\c with respect to; concerning \3(said nothing as to money;\c \2as to you, I think you are wrong).\c\p\1as was\c \BBrit.\b in the previously existing circumstances or state.\p\1as well\c \Isee\i \J\Xwell\x (1).\j\p\1as yet\c until now or a particular time in the past \I(usu. with \Bneg.\b and with implied reserve about the future:\i \2have received no news as yet).\c \BEtymology:\b \3reduced form of Old English \Ialswß\i \J\Xalso\x\j\c In comparisions expressed by \Ias ... as,\i the pronoun standing for the subject of the second half of the phrase should, strictly, be in the nominative case, i.e. \II am not as wealthy as he/she/they.\i However, in all but very formal contexts, the accusative or object case is now acceptable, i.e. \II am not as wealthy as her/him/them.\i These comments also apply to \Iso ... as\i and \Ithe same ... as,\i e.g. \IWe're not so eager as them\i/(formal) \Ithey;\i \II live in the same street as her\i/(formal) \Ishe.\i \IAs from\i and \Ias of,\i meaning 'from' or 'after' should be followed by a particular date, e.g. \Ias from 15 October.\i Phrases such as \Ias of now,\i \Ias of yesterday,\i etc. should be used only in informal contexts.
<hw>as (2)</hw> \K/as/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Basses)\b \ICurrency\i a Roman copper coin. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin: see \J\Xace\x\j\c
<hw>as-</hw> \K/as/, /\F'\ns/\k \Iprefix\i \Iassim. form of\i \J\Xad-\x\j before \Is.\i
<hw>ASA</hw> \Iabbr.\i\p\B1\b \ISport Swimming\i Amateur Swimming Association.\p\B2\b American Standards Association (esp. in film-speed specification, as \2200 ASA).\c
<hw>asafoetida</hw> \K/as\F'\n"fi:tId\F'\n/, /-"fEt-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Basafetida)\b \IBot\i a resinous plant gum with a fetid ammoniac smell, formerly used in medicine, now as a herbal remedy and in Indian cooking. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from medieval Latin, from \Iasa\i (from Persian \Iaza\i 'mastic') + \Ifetida\i (as \J\Xfetid\x)\j\c
<hw>a.s.a.p.</hw> \Iabbr.\i as soon as possible.
<hw>asbestos</hw> \K/az"bEstQs/, /as-/, /-t\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMineral\i\p\B1\b a fibrous silicate mineral that is incombustible.\p\B2\b this used as a heat-resistant or insulating material. \Basbestine\b \K/-tIn/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ialbeston,\i ultimately from Greek \Iasbestos\i 'unquenchable' (as \J\Xa-\x (1)\j + \Isbestos\i from \Isbennumi\i 'quench')\c
<hw>asbestosis</hw> \K/azbE"st\F'\nUsIs/, /as-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a lung disease resulting from the inhalation of asbestos particles.
<hw>ascarid</hw> \K/"ask\F'\nrId/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bascaris\b \K/-rIs/\k) \IZool\i a parasitic nematode worm of the genus \IAscaris,\i e.g. the intestinal roundworm of humans and pigs. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \Iascaris\i from Greek \Iaskaris\i\c
<hw>ascend</hw> \K/\F'\n"sEnd/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i move upwards; rise.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \Ba\b slope upwards. \Bb\b lie along an ascending slope.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i climb; go up.\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i rise in rank or status.\p\B5\b \Itr.\i mount upon.\p\B6\b \Iintr.\i (of sound) rise in pitch.\p\B7\b \Itr.\i go along (a river) to its source.\p\B8\b \Iintr.\i \IPrinting\i \ICalligraphy\i (of a letter) have part projecting upwards.\p\1ascend the throne\c become king or queen. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Iascendere\i (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \Iscandere\i 'climb')\c
<hw>ascendancy</hw> \K/\F'\n"sEnd(\F'\n)nsi/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bascendency)\b \I(often foll. by \Bover)\b\i a superior or dominant condition or position.
<hw>ascendant</hw> \K/\F'\n"sEnd(\F'\n)nt/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b rising.\p\B2\b \IAstron.\i rising towards the zenith.\p\B3\b \IAstrol.\i just above the eastern horizon.\p\B4\b predominant.\p\In.\i\p\IAstrol.\i the point of the sun's apparent path that is ascendant at a given time \3(Aries in the ascendant).\c\p\1in the ascendant\c\p\B1\b supreme or dominating.\p\B2\b rising; gaining power or authority. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin (as \J\Xascend\x,\j \J\X-ant\x)\j\c
<hw>ascender</hw> \K/\F'\n"sEnd\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ICalligraphy Printing\i \Ba\b a part of a letter that extends above the main part (as in \Ib\i and \Id).\i \Bb\b a letter having this.\p\B2\b a person or thing that ascends.
<hw>ascension</hw> \K/\F'\n"sEnS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or an instance of ascending.\p\B2\b \IRelig\i \B(Ascension)\b \IEccl\i the ascent of Christ into heaven on the fortieth day after the Resurrection. \Bascensional\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Iascensio -onis\i (as \J\Xascend\x,\j \J\X-ion\x)\j\c
<hw>Ascension Day</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i the Thursday forty days after Easter on which Christ's ascension is celebrated.
<hw>Ascensiontide</hw> \K/\F'\n"sEnS(\F'\n)ntVId/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i the period of ten days from Ascension Day to Whitsun Eve.
<hw>ascent</hw> \K/\F'\n"sEnt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or an instance of ascending.\p\B2\b \Ba\b an upward movement or rise. \Bb\b advancement or progress \3(the ascent of man).\c\p\B3\b a way by which one may ascend; an upward slope. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xascend\x,\j on the pattern of \Idescent\i\c
<hw>ascertain</hw> \K/as\F'\n"teIn/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b find out as a definite fact.\p\B2\b get to know. \Bascertainable\b \Iadj.\i \Bascertainment\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iacertener,\i stem \Iacertain-,\i from \Iα\i 'to' + \J\Xcertain\x\j\c
<hw>ascesis</hw> \K/\F'\n"si:sIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i the practice of self-discipline. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iaskesis\i 'training', from \Iaskeo\i 'exercise'\c
<hw>ascetic</hw> \K/\F'\n"sEtIk/\k \In. & adj.\i \IRelig\i\p\In.\i\pa person who practises severe self-discipline and abstains from all forms of pleasure, esp. for religious or spiritual reasons. \Iadj.\i relating to or characteristic of ascetics or asceticism; abstaining from pleasure. \Bascetically\b \Iadv.\i \Basceticism\b \K/-tIsIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Iasceticus\i or Greek \Iasketikos\i from \Iasketes\i 'monk', from \Iaskeo\i 'exercise'\c
<hw>ascidian</hw> \K/\F'\n"sIdI\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool.\i a tunicate animal of the class Ascidiacea, the adults of which are sedentary on rocks or seaweeds often in colonies, e.g. the sea squirt. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \IAscidia\i from Greek \Iaskidion,\i diminutive of \Iaskos\i 'wineskin'\c
<hw>ASCII</hw> \K/"aski/\k \Iabbr.\i \IComputing\i American Standard Code for Information Interchange.
<hw>ascites</hw> \K/\F'\n"sVIti:z/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i same) \IMed.\i the accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity, causing swelling. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Late Latin from Greek, from \Iaskites\i from \Iaskos\i 'wineskin'\c
<hw>ascorbic acid</hw> \K/\F'\n"skO:bIk/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiochem\i a vitamin found in citrus fruits and green vegetables, essential in maintaining healthy connective tissue, and a deficiency of which results in scurvy. \IAlso called\i \Ivitamin C.\i \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xa-\x (1)\j + medieval Latin \Iscorbutus\i 'scurvy' + \J\X-ic\x\j\c
<hw>ascribe</hw> \K/\F'\n"skrVIb/\k \Iv.tr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bto)\b\i\p\B1\b attribute or impute \3(ascribes his well-being to a sound constitution).\c\p\B2\b regard as belonging. \Bascribable\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Iascribere\i (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \Iscribere script-\i 'write')\c
<hw>ascription</hw> \K/\F'\n"skrIpS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or an instance of ascribing.\p\B2\b \IRelig\i a preacher's words ascribing praise to God at the end of a sermon. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iascriptio -onis\i (as \J\Xascribe\x)\j\c
<hw>asdic</hw> \K/"azdIk/\k\p\In.\i\p\Besp. Brit.\b \INaut\i an early form of echo sounder. \BEtymology:\b \3acronym from \IA\illied \IS\iubmarine \ID\ietection \II\investigation \IC\iommittee\c
<hw>-ase</hw> \K/eIz/\k \Isuffix\i \IBiochem.\i forming the name of an enzyme \3(amylase).\c \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xdiastase\x\j\c
<hw>ASEAN</hw> \K/"asI\F'\nn/\k \Iabbr.\i \IPolit\i Association of South East Asian Nations.
<hw>asepsis</hw> \K/eI"sEpsIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i\p\B1\b the absence of harmful bacteria, viruses, or other micro-organisms.\p\B2\b a method of achieving asepsis in surgery.
<hw>aseptic</hw> \K/eI"sEptIk/\k \Iadj.\i \IMed\i\p\B1\b free from contamination caused by harmful bacteria, viruses, or other micro-organisms.\p\B2\b (of a wound, instrument, or dressing) surgically sterile or sterilized.\p\B3\b (of a surgical method etc.) aiming at the elimination of harmful micro-organisms, rather than counteraction \I(cf.\i \J\Xantiseptic\x).\j
<hw>asexual</hw> \K/eI"sEksjU\F'\nl/, /-SU\F'\nl/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IBiol.\i without sex or sexual organs.\p\B2\b \IBiol.\i (of reproduction) not involving the fusion of gametes.\p\B3\b without sexuality. \Basexuality\b \K/-"alIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Basexually\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>ASH</hw> \K/aS/\k \Iabbr.\i (in the UK) Action on Smoking and Health.
<hw>ash (1)</hw> \K/aS/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \I(often in \Bpl.)\b\i the powdery residue left after the burning of any substance. \Bb\b \IChem.\i such residue used in chemical analysis, e.g. to assess mineral content.\Ksense 1b new f. scientists, K. Barber Aug 94\k\p\B2\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i the remains of the human body after cremation or disintegration.\p\B3\b \B(the Ashes)\b \ICricket\i a trophy competed for regularly by Australia and England.\p\B4\b ashlike material thrown out by a volcano. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iµsce\i\c
<hw>ash (2)</hw> \K/aS/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b (also \Bash tree)\b any forest tree of the genus \IFraxinus,\i with silver-grey bark, compound leaves, and hard, tough, pale wood.\p\B2\b \IForestry\i its wood.\p\B3\b \ILinguistics\i an Old English runic letter, = F (named from a word of which it was the first letter). \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iµsc,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>ashamed</hw> \K/\F'\n"SeImd/\k \Iadj.\i \I(usu. \Bpredic.)\b\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bof\b (= with regard to), \Bfor\b (= on account of), or \Bto\b + infin.)\i embarrassed or disconcerted by shame \3(ashamed of his aunt;\c \2ashamed of having lied;\c \2ashamed for you;\c \2ashamed to be seen with him).\c\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bto\b + infin.)\i hesitant, reluctant (but usu. not actually refusing or declining) \3(am ashamed to admit that I was wrong).\c \Bashamedly\b \K/-mIdli/\k \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iascamod,\i past part. of \Iascamian\i 'feel shame' (as \J\Xa-\x (2),\j \J\Xshame\x)\j\c
<hw>ash blonde</hw> \In. & adj.\i \B(US\b also \Bash blond)\b\Kash blond new f. incomings Dec 94\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a very pale blonde colour.\p\B2\b \IHairdressing\i a person with hair of this colour. \Iadj.\i \I(hyphenated when \Battrib.)\b\i very pale blonde.\Kadj. new in COD9 f. NSOED, corpus Jul 93\k
<hw>ashcan</hw> \K/"aSkan/\k\p\In.\i\p\BUS\b a dustbin.
<hw>ashen (1)</hw> \K/"aS(\F'\n)n/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of or resembling ashes.\p\B2\b ash-coloured; grey or pale.
<hw>ashen (2)</hw> \K/"aS(\F'\n)n/\k \Iadj.\i \IBot\i\p\B1\b of or relating to the ash tree.\p\B2\b \Iarchaic\i made of ashwood.
<hw>ashen-faced</hw> \Iadj.\i very pale, esp. from shock or exhaustion.\Knew f. corpus Dec 93\k
<hw>ashet</hw> \K/"aSIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\BSc.\b & \BNZ\b a large plate or dish. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iassiette\i\c
<hw>Ashkenazi</hw> \K/aSk\F'\n"nA:zi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \BAshkenazim\b \K/-zIm/\k) \IRelig People\i\p\B1\b an East European Jew.\p\B2\b a Jew of East European ancestry (cf. \J\XSephardi\x).\j \BAshkenazic\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3modern Hebrew, from \IAshkenaz\i (Gen. 10:3)\c
<hw>ash-key</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IBot\i the winged seed of the ash tree, growing in clusters resembling keys.
<hw>ashlar</hw> \K/"aSl\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBuilding\i\p\B1\b a large square-cut stone used in building.\p\B2\b masonry made of ashlars.\p\B3\b such masonry used as a facing on a rough rubble or brick wall. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iaisselier\i from Latin \Iaxilla,\i diminutive of \Iaxis\i 'board'\c
<hw>ashlaring</hw> \K/"aSl\F'\nrIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBuilding\i\p\B1\b ashlar masonry.\p\B2\b the short upright boarding in a garret which cuts off the acute angle between the roof and the floor.
<hw>ashore</hw> \K/\F'\n"SO:/\k \Iadv.\i towards or on the shore or land \3(sailed ashore;\c \2stayed ashore).\c
<hw>ashpan</hw> \K/"aSpan/\k\p\In.\i\pa tray under a grate to catch the ash.
<hw>ashplant</hw> \K/"aSplA:nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a sapling from an ash tree, used as a walking stick etc.
<hw>ashram</hw> \K/"aSr\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i\p\B1\b (in the Indian subcontinent) a place of religious retreat; a hermitage.\p\B2\b any place of religious retreat or community life modelled on the Indian ashram.\Ksense 2 new f. JHM April 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Sanskrit \Iashrama\i 'hermitage'\c
<hw>ashtray</hw> \K/"aStreI/\k\p\In.\i\pa small receptacle for cigarette ash, stubs, etc.
<hw>Ash Wednesday</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i the first day of Lent. \BEtymology:\b \3from the custom of marking the foreheads of penitents with ashes on that day\c
<hw>ashy</hw> \K/"aSi/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b = \J\Xashen\x (1).\j\p\B2\b covered with ashes.
<hw>Asian</hw> \K/"eIS(\F'\n)n/, /-Z(\F'\n)n/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\IPeople\i\p\B1\b a native of Asia.\p\B2\b a person of Asian descent. \Iadj.\i of or relating to Asia or its people, customs, or languages. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \IAsianus\i from Greek \IAsianos,\i from \IAsia\i\c \IAsian\i is the preferred term when referring to people, with \IAsiatic\i now widely considered derogatory. In Britain it is the usual term for people who come from (or whose parents came from) the Indian subcontinent, while in North America it commonly also includes people from the Far East.
<hw>Asiatic</hw> \K/eISI"atIk/, /eIz-/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\IPeople\i \Ioffens.\i an Asian. \Iadj.\i \I(offens.\i if used of people) Asian. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \IAsiaticus\i from Greek \IAsiatikos\i\c \IAsiatic\i is now acceptable only as an adjective, and is found chiefly in geographical, zoological, and medical contexts, e.g. \IAsiatic coastal regions;\i \IAsiatic golden plover;\i \IAsiatic cholera.\i See also Usage Note as \J\XAsian\x.\j
<hw>A-side</hw> \K/"eIsVId/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMus\i the side of a gramophone record regarded as the main one.
<hw>aside</hw> \K/\F'\n"sVId/\k \Iadv. & n.\i \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b to or on one side; away.\p\B2\b out of consideration \I(placed after noun:\i \2joking aside).\c\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ITheatr\i words spoken in a play for the audience to hear, but supposed not to be heard by the other characters.\p\B2\b an incidental remark.\p\1aside from\c apart from.\p\Bset aside\b\p\B1\b put to one side.\p\B2\b keep for a special purpose or future use.\p\B3\b reject or disregard.\p\B4\b annul.\p\B5\b \IAgriculture\i remove (land) from agricultural production for fallow, forestry, or other use.\p\Btake aside\b engage (a person) esp. for a private conversation. \BEtymology:\b \3originally \Ion side:\i see \J\Xa\x (2)\j\c
<hw>asinine</hw> \K/"asInVIn/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b stupid.\p\B2\b of or concerning asses; like an ass. \Basininity\b \K/-"nInIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iasininus\i from \Iasinus\i 'ass'\c
<hw>-asis</hw> \K/\F'\nsIs/\k \Isuffix\i (usu. as \B-iasis)\b forming the names of diseases \3(psoriasis;\c \2satyriasis).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, from Greek \I-asis\i in nouns denoting a state or condition from verbs ending in \I-ao\i\c
<hw>ask</hw> \K/A:sk/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i call for an answer to or about \3(ask her about it;\c \2ask him his name;\c \2ask a question of him).\c\p\B2\b \Itr.\i seek to obtain from another person \3(ask a favour of;\c \2ask to be allowed).\c\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bout\b or \Bover,\b or \Bto\b (a function etc.)\i invite; request the company of \3(must ask them over;\c \2asked her to dinner).\c\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bfor)\b\i seek to obtain, meet, or be directed to \3(ask for a donation;\c \2ask for the post office;\c \2asking for you).\c\p\B5\b \Itr.\i \Iarchaic\i require (a thing).\p\Bask after\b enquire about (esp. a person).\p\1ask for it\c \Icolloq.\i invite trouble.\p\1ask me another\c \Icolloq.\i I do not know.\p\1for the asking\c (obtainable) for nothing.\p\1I ask you!\c an exclamation of disgust, surprise, etc.\p\1if you ask me\c \Icolloq.\i in my opinion. \Basker\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iascian\i etc., from West Germanic\c
<hw>askance</hw> \K/\F'\n"skans/, /\F'\n"skA:ns/\k \Iadv.\i (also \Baskant\b \K/-"skant/, /-"skA:nt/\k) sideways or squinting.\p\1look askance at\c regard with suspicion or disapproval. \BEtymology:\b \315th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>askari</hw> \K/\F'\n"skA:ri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i same or \Baskaris)\b \IAnthropol\i an E. African soldier or police officer. \BEtymology:\b \3Arabic '\Iaskari\i 'soldier'\c
<hw>asking price</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i the price of an object set by the seller.
<hw>aslant</hw> \K/\F'\n"slA:nt/\k \Iadv. & prep.\i \Iadv.\i obliquely or at a slant. \Iprep.\i obliquely across \3(lay aslant the path).\c
<hw>asleep</hw> \K/\F'\n"sli:p/\k \Ipredic.adj. & adv.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b in or into a state of sleep \3(he fell asleep).\c \Bb\b inactive, inattentive \3(the nation is asleep).\c\p\B2\b (of a limb etc.) numb.\p\B3\b \Ieuphem.\i dead.
<hw>Aslef</hw> \K/"azlEf/\k \Iabbr.\i (in the UK) Associated Society of Locomotive Engineers and Firemen. \BEtymology:\b \3acronym\c
<hw>asocial</hw> \K/eI"s\F'\nUS(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b not social; antisocial.\p\B2\b inconsiderate of or hostile to others.
<hw>asp</hw> \K/asp/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i\p\B1\b a small viper, Vipera aspis, native to southern Europe, resembling the adder.\p\B2\b the Egyptian cobra, Naja haje, found throughout Africa. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iaspe\i or Latin \Iaspis\i from Greek\c
<hw>asparagine</hw> \K/\F'\n"spar\F'\ndZi:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiochem.\i a hydrophilic amino acid, an amide of aspartic acid, occurring in proteins.\Knew f. Collins, NSOED Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xasparagus\x\j + \J\X-ine\x (4)\j\c
<hw>asparagus</hw> \K/\F'\n"spar\F'\ng\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBot\i any plant of the genus \IAsparagus.\i\p\B2\b one species of this, A. officinalis, with edible young shoots and leaves; this as food. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, from Greek \Iasparagos\i\c
<hw>asparagus fern</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a decorative plant, Asparagus setaceus.
<hw>aspartame</hw> \K/\F'\n"spA:teIm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i a very sweet low-calorie substance used as a sweetener instead of sugar or saccharin. \BEtymology:\b \3chemical name \I1-methyl N\i-l-\Iaspartyl\i-l-\Iphenylalanine,\i from \J\Xaspartic acid\x\j\c
<hw>aspartic acid</hw> \K/\F'\n"spA:tIk/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiochem.\i an acidic amino acid present in many proteins, important in animal metabolism, and also acting as a neurotransmitter.\Knew f. Collins, NSEOD Sept. 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iaspartique,\i formed arbitrarily from \J\Xasparagus\x\j\c
<hw>aspect</hw> \K/"aspEkt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a particular component or feature of a matter \3(only one aspect of the problem).\c \Bb\b a particular way in which a matter may be considered.\p\B2\b \Ba\b a facial expression; a look \3(a cheerful aspect).\c \Bb\b the appearance of a person or thing, esp. as presented to the mind of the viewer \3(has a frightening aspect).\c\p\B3\b the side of a building or location facing a particular direction \3(southern aspect).\c\p\B4\b \IGram.\i a verbal category or form expressing inception, duration, or completion.\p\B5\b \IAstrol.\i the relative position of planets etc. measured by angular distance. \Baspectual\b \K/a"spEktSU\F'\nl/\k \Iadj.\i (in sense 4). \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Iaspectus,\i from \Iadspicere adspect-\i 'look at' (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \Ispecere\i 'to look')\c
<hw>aspect ratio</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IAeron.\i the ratio of the span to the mean chord of an aerofoil.\p\B2\b \ITelev.\i the ratio of picture width to height.
<hw>aspen</hw> \K/"asp(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a poplar tree, Populus tremula, with especially tremulous leaves. \BEtymology:\b \3earlier name \Iasp\i (from Old English \Iµspe)\i + \J\X-en\x (2)\j forming an adjective then used as a noun\c
<hw>asperity</hw> \K/\F'\n"spErIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b harshness or sharpness of temper or tone.\p\B2\b roughness.\p\B3\b a rough excrescence. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \IasperitΘ\i or Latin \Iasperitas,\i from \Iasper\i 'rough'\c
<hw>asperse</hw> \K/\F'\n"sp\F'\n:s/\k \Iv.tr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i attack the reputation of; calumniate. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, = besprinkle, spatter, from Latin \Iaspergere aspers-\i (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \Ispargere\i 'sprinkle')\c
<hw>aspersion</hw> \K/\F'\n"sp\F'\n:S(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\1cast aspersions on\c attack the reputation or integrity of. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iaspersio\i (as \J\Xasperse\x,\j \J\X-ion\x)\j\c
<hw>asphalt</hw> \K/"asfalt/, /-\F'\nlt/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i\p\B1\b a dark bituminous pitch occurring naturally or made from petroleum.\p\B2\b \IEngin Building\i a mixture of this with sand, gravel, etc., for surfacing roads etc. \Iv.tr.\i surface with asphalt. \Kasphalter omitted Jul 93\k\Basphaltic\b \K/-"faltIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, ultimately from Late Latin \Iasphalton,\i \I-um,\i from Greek \Iasphalton\i\c
<hw>asphodel</hw> \K/"asf\F'\ndEl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b any of various plants of the genus \IAsphodelus\i and related genera of the lily family.\p\B2\b \Ipoet.\i an immortal flower growing in Elysium. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iasphodelus\i from Greek \Iasphodelos:\i cf. \J\Xdaffodil\x\j\c
<hw>asphyxia</hw> \K/\F'\ns"fIksI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a lack of oxygen in the blood, causing unconsciousness or death; suffocation. \Basphyxial\b \Iadj.\i \Basphyxiant\b \Iadj. & n.\i \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from Greek \Iasphuxia\i (as \J\Xa-\x (1)\j + \Isphuxis\i 'pulse')\c
<hw>asphyxiate</hw> \K/\F'\ns"fIksIeIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i \IMed\i cause (a person) to have asphyxia; suffocate. \Basphyxiation\b \K/-"eIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Basphyxiator\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>aspic</hw> \K/"aspIk/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i a savoury meat jelly used as a garnish or to contain game, eggs, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = \J\Xasp\x,\j from the colours of the jelly (compared to those of the asp)\c
<hw>aspidistra</hw> \K/aspI"dIstr\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a plant of the genus \IAspidistra,\i with broad tapering leaves, native to the Far East and often grown as a house plant. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin, from Greek \Iaspis -idos\i 'shield' (from the shape of the leaves)\c
<hw>aspirant</hw> \K/\F'\n"spVI\F'\nr(\F'\n)nt/, /"asp(I)r-/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bto,\b \Bafter,\b \Bfor)\b\i \Iadj.\i aspiring.\p\In.\i\pa person who aspires. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iaspirant\i or from Latin \Iaspirant-\i (as \J\Xaspire\x,\j \J\X-ant\x)\j\c
<hw>aspirate</hw> \Iadj., n., & v.\i \Iadj.\i \K/"asp(\F'\n)r\F'\nt/\k \IPhonet.\i\p\B1\b pronounced with an exhalation of breath.\p\B2\b blended with the sound of \Ih.\i\p\In.\i\p\K/"asp(\F'\n)r\F'\nt/\k \IPhonet.\i\p\B1\b a consonant pronounced in this way.\p\B2\b the sound of \Ih.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\K/"asp\F'\nreIt/\k\p\B1\b \IPhonet.\i \Ba\b \Itr.\i pronounce with a breath. \Bb\b \Iintr.\i make the sound of \Ih.\i\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \IMed\i draw (fluid) by suction from a vessel or cavity. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iaspiratus,\i past part. of \Iaspirare:\i see \J\Xaspire\x\j\c
<hw>aspiration</hw> \K/asp\F'\n"reIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a strong desire to achieve an end; an ambition.\p\B2\b the act or process of drawing breath.\p\B3\b \IPhonet\i the action of aspirating. \Baspirational\b \Iadj.\i\K-ed new f. corpus, Soed Dec 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iaspiration\i or Latin \Iaspiratio\i (as \J\Xaspirate\x,\j \J\X-ation\x)\j\c
<hw>aspirator</hw> \K/"aspIreIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i an apparatus for aspirating fluid. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iaspirare\i (as \J\Xaspirate\x,\j \J\X-or\x (1))\j\c
<hw>aspire</hw> \K/\F'\n"spVI\F'\n/\k \Iv.intr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bto,\b \Bafter,\b or \Bto\b + infin.)\i\p\B1\b have ambition or strong desire.\p\B2\b \Ipoet.\i rise high. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from French \Iaspirer\i or Latin \Iaspirare\i (as \J\Xad-\x\j + \Ispirare\i 'breathe')\c
<hw>aspirin</hw> \K/"asp(\F'\n)rIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i same or \Baspirins)\b \IPharm\i\p\B1\b a white compound, acetylsalicylic acid, used to relieve pain and fever and in the prevention of thrombosis.\p\B2\b a tablet of this. \BEtymology:\b \3German, formed as \J\Xacetyl\x\j + \Ispiraeic\i (= salicylic) \Iacid\i + \J\X-in\x\j\c
<hw>asquint</hw> \K/\F'\n"skwInt/\k \Ipredic.adj. & adv.\i (usu. in phr. \Blook asquint)\b\p\B1\b to one side; from the corner of an eye.\p\B2\b with a squint. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, perhaps from Dutch \Ischuinte\i 'slant'\c
<hw>ass (1)</hw> \K/as/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool\i \Ba\b either of two kinds of four-legged long-eared mammal of the horse genus \IEquus,\i E. africanus of Africa and E. hemionus of Asia. \Bb\b (in general use) a donkey.\p\B2\b a stupid person. \Iv.intr.\i \I(foll. by \Babout,\b \Baround)\b\i \Islang\i act the fool.\p\Bmake an ass of\b make (a person) look absurd or foolish. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iassa\i via Celtic from Latin \Iasinus\i\c
<hw>assai</hw> \K/a"sVI/\k \Iadv.\i \IMus.\i very \3(adagio assai).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Italian\c
<hw>assail</hw> \K/\F'\n"seIl/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b make a strong or concerted attack on.\p\B2\b make a resolute start on (a task).\p\B3\b make a strong or constant verbal attack on \3(was assailed with angry questions).\c \Bassailable\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iasaill-,\i stressed stem of \Iasalir,\i via medieval Latin \Iassalire\i from Latin \Iassilire\i (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \Isalire salt-\i 'leap')\c
<hw>assailant</hw> \K/\F'\n"seIl(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\pa person who attacks another physically or verbally. \BEtymology:\b \3French (as \J\Xassail\x)\j\c
<hw>Assamese</hw> \K/as\F'\n"mi:z/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i same)\p\B1\b \IPeople\i a native or inhabitant of Assam, a state of NE India.\p\B2\b \ILanguage\i the Indic (official) language of Assam. \Iadj.\i of or relating to Assam, its people, or its language.\Knew f. corpus, SOED Dec 93\k
<hw>assassin</hw> \K/\F'\n"sasIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a killer, esp. of a political or religious leader.\p\B2\b \IRelig\i \Ihist.\i any of a group of Muslim fanatics sent on murder missions in the time of the Crusades. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iassassin\i or via medieval Latin \Iassassinus\i from Arabic \IhaÜiÜi\i 'hashish-eater'\c
<hw>assassinate</hw> \K/\F'\n"sasIneIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b kill (esp. a political or religious leader) for political or religious motives.\p\B2\b destroy or injure (esp. a person's reputation).\Ksense 2 new in COD9 f. NSOED Jul 93\k \Bassassination\b \K/-"neIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bassassinator\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Iassassinare\i from \Iassassinus:\i see \J\Xassassin\x\j\c
<hw>assassin bug</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a predatory or bloodsucking hemipterous bug of the family Reduviidae\Knew f. Collins Sept. 93\k.
<hw>assault</hw> \K/\F'\n"sO:lt/, /\F'\n"sQlt/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a violent physical or verbal attack.\p\B2\b \Ba\b \ILaw\i an act that threatens physical harm to a person (whether or not actual harm is done). \Bb\b \Ieuphem.\i an act of rape.\p\B3\b a vigorous start made to a lengthy or difficult task.\p\B4\b a final rush on a fortified place, esp. at the end of a prolonged attack.\p\B5\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i relating to or used in an assault \3(assault craft;\c \2assault troops).\c \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b make an assault on.\p\B2\b \Ieuphem.\i rape. \Bassaulter\b\p\In.\i\p\Bassaultive\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iasaut,\i \Iassauter,\i ultimately from Latin (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \Isalire salt-\i 'leap')\c
<hw>assault and battery</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i the act of threatening a person followed by physical contact \I(see\i \J\Xassault\x\p\In.\i\p2a,\j \J\Xbattery\x 7).\j
<hw>assault course</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IMil\i an obstacle course used in training soldiers etc.
<hw>assay</hw> \K/\F'\n"seI/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMineral\i the testing of a metal or ore to determine its ingredients and quality.\p\B2\b \IChem.\i etc. the determination of the content or concentration of a substance.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i make an assay of (a metal or ore).\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \IChem.\i etc. determine the concentration of (a substance).\p\B3\b \Itr.\i show (content) on being assayed.\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i make an assay.\p\B5\b \Itr.\i \Iarchaic\i attempt. \Bassayer\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iassaier,\i \Iassai,\i variant of \Iessayer,\i \Iessai:\i see \J\Xessay\x\j\c
<hw>assay office</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b an establishment which awards hallmarks.\p\B2\b \Besp. N. Amer.\b an office for the assaying of ores.\Ksense 2 new f. SOED, incomings oct 94\k
<hw>assegai</hw> \K/"as\F'\ngVI/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bassagai)\b a slender iron-tipped spear of hardwood, esp. as used by southern African peoples. \BEtymology:\b \3obsolete French \Iazagaie\i or Portuguese \Iazagaia\i from Arabic \Iaz-zagayah,\i from \Ial\i 'the' + \Izagayah\i 'spear'\c
<hw>assemblage</hw> \K/\F'\n"sEmblIdZ/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or an instance of bringing or coming together.\p\B2\b a collection of things or gathering of people.\p\B3\b \Ba\b the act or an instance of fitting together. \Bb\b an object made of pieces fitted together.\p\B4\b \IArt\i a work of art made by grouping found or unrelated objects.
<hw>assemble</hw> \K/\F'\n"sEmb(\F'\n)l/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr. & intr.\i gather together; collect.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i arrange in order.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \Iesp. Mech.\i fit together the parts of. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iasembler,\i ultimately from Latin (as \J\Xad-\x\j + \Isimul\i 'together')\c
<hw>assembler</hw> \K/\F'\n"sEmbl\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person who assembles a machine or its parts.\p\B2\b \IComputing\i \Ba\b a program for converting instructions written in low-level symbolic code into machine code. \Bb\b the low-level symbolic code itself; an assembly language.
<hw>assembly</hw> \K/\F'\n"sEmbli/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b the act or an instance of assembling or gathering together.\p\B2\b \Ba\b a group of persons gathered together, esp. as a deliberative body or a legislative council. \Bb\b a gathering of the entire membership or a section of a school, esp. at the start of a day.\p\B3\b the assembling of a machine or structure or its parts.\p\B4\b \IMil.\i a call to assemble, given by drum or bugle. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iasemblee,\i fem. past part. of \Iasembler:\i see \J\Xassemble\x\j\c
<hw>assembly language</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IComputing\i the low-level symbolic code converted by an assembler.
<hw>assembly line</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IIndustry\i machinery arranged in stages by which a product is progressively assembled.
<hw>assembly rooms</hw> \In.pl.\i \Besp. Brit.\b public rooms in which meetings or social functions are held.
<hw>assembly shop</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bassembly room)\b \IEngin\i a place where a machine or its components are assembled.
<hw>assent</hw> \K/\F'\n"sEnt/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.intr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bto)\b\i\p\B1\b express agreement \3(assented to my view).\c\p\B2\b consent \3(assented to my request).\c\p\In.\i\p\B1\b mental or inward acceptance or agreement \3(a nod of assent).\c\p\B2\b consent or sanction, esp. official. \Bassenter\b\p\In.\i\p(also \Bassentor).\b \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iasenter,\i \Ias(s)ente,\i ultimately from Latin \Iassentari\i (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \Isentire\i 'think')\c
<hw>assentient</hw> \K/\F'\n"sEnS(\F'\n)nt/, /-SI\F'\nnt/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i assenting.\p\In.\i\pa person who assents. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iassentire\i (as \J\Xassent\x,\j \J\X-ent\x)\j\c
<hw>assert</hw> \K/\F'\n"s\F'\n:t/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i declare; state clearly \3(assert one's beliefs;\c \2assert that it is so).\c\p\B2\b \Irefl.\i insist on one's rights or opinions; demand recognition.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i vindicate a claim to \3(assert one's rights).\c \Bassertor\b\p\In.\i\p(also \Basserter).\b\Kvar. new in COD9 f. POD, NSOED Jul 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iasserere\i (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \Iserere sert-\i 'join')\c
<hw>assertion</hw> \K/\F'\n"s\F'\n:S(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a declaration; a forthright statement.\p\B2\b the act or an instance of asserting.\p\B3\b (also \Bself-assertion)\b insistence on the recognition of one's rights or claims. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from French \Iassertion\i or Latin \Iassertio\i (as \J\Xassert\x,\j \J\X-ion\x)\j\c
<hw>assess</hw> \K/\F'\n"sEs/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b estimate the size or quality of. \Bb\b \ICommerce\i estimate the value of (a property) for taxation etc.\p\B2\b \Ba\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bon)\b\i fix the amount of (a tax etc.) and impose it on a person or community. \Bb\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bin,\b \Bat)\b\i fine or tax (a person, community, etc.) in or at a specific amount \3(assessed them at ú100).\c \Bassessable\b \Iadj.\i \Bassessment\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via French \Iassesser\i from Latin \Iassidere\i (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \Isedere\i 'sit')\c
<hw>assessor</hw> \K/\F'\n"sEs\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ICommerce\i a person who assesses taxes or estimates the value of property for taxation or \BBrit.\b insurance purposes.\p\B2\b \ILaw\i a person called upon to advise a judge, committee of inquiry, etc., on technical questions.\Kassessorial omitted Jul 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iassessour\i from Latin \Iassessor -oris\i 'assistant-judge' (as \J\Xassess\x,\j \J\X-or\x (1)):\j sense 1 from medieval Latin\c
<hw>asset</hw> \K/"asEt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a useful or valuable quality. \Bb\b a person or thing possessing such a quality or qualities \3(is an asset to the firm).\c\p\B2\b \I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i \ICommerce\i \Ba\b property and possessions, esp. regarded as having value in meeting debts, commitments, etc. \Bb\b any possession having value. \BEtymology:\b \3\Iassets\i (taken as pl.), via Anglo-French \Iasetz\i from Old French \Iasez\i enough, ultimately from Latin (as \J\Xad\x\j + \Isatis\i 'enough')\c
<hw>asset-stripping</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i the practice of taking over a company and selling off its assets to make a profit. \Basset-stripper\b\p\In.\i\p\K-er new in COD9 f. corpus, RL Jul 93\k
<hw>assibilate</hw> \K/\F'\n"sIbIleIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i \IPhonet.\i \IPhilol\i\p\B1\b pronounce (a sound) as a sibilant or affricate ending in a sibilant.\p\B2\b alter (a syllable) to become this. \Bassibilation\b \K/-"leIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iassibilare\i (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \Isibilare\i 'hiss')\c
<hw>assiduity</hw> \K/asI"dju:Iti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b constant or close attention to what one is doing.\p\B2\b \I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i constant attentions to another person. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iassiduitas\i (as \J\Xassiduous\x,\j \J\X-ity\x)\j\c
<hw>assign</hw> \K/\F'\n"sVIn/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bto)\b\i \Ba\b allot as a share or responsibility. \Bb\b appoint to a position, task, etc.\p\B2\b fix (a time, place, etc.) for a specific purpose.\p\B3\b \I(foll. by \Bto)\b\i ascribe or refer to (a reason, date, etc.) \3(assigned the manuscript to 1832).\c\p\B4\b \I(foll. by \Bto)\b\i \ILaw\i transfer formally (esp. personal property) to (another).\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i a person to whom property or rights are legally transferred. \Bassignable\b \Iadj.\i \Bassigner\b\p\In.\i\p\Bassignor\b\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i (in sense 4 of \Iv.).\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iasi(g)ner\i from Latin \Iassignare\i 'mark out to' (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \Isignum\i 'sign')\c
<hw>assignation</hw> \K/asIg"neIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b an appointment to meet. \Bb\b a secret appointment, esp. between illicit lovers.\p\B2\b the act or an instance of assigning or being assigned. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Iassignatio -onis\i (as \J\Xassign\x,\j \J\X-ation\x)\j\c
<hw>assignee</hw> \K/asI"ni:/, /-sVI-/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILaw etc.\i\p\B1\b a person appointed to act for another.\p\B2\b an assign. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \IassignΘ,\i past part. of \Iassigner\i \J\Xassign\x\j\c
<hw>assignment</hw> \K/\F'\n"sVInm(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b something assigned, esp. a task allotted to a person.\p\B2\b the act or an instance of assigning or being assigned.\p\B3\b \ILaw\i \Ba\b a legal transfer. \Bb\b the document effecting this. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iassignement\i from medieval Latin \Iassignamentum\i (as \J\Xassign\x,\j \J\X-ment\x)\j\c
<hw>assimilate</hw> \K/\F'\n"sImIleIt/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b absorb and digest (food etc.) into the body. \Bb\b absorb (information etc.) into the mind. \Bc\b absorb (people) into a larger group.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bto,\b \Bwith)\b\i make like; cause to resemble.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \IPhonet.\i make (a sound) more like another in the same or next word.\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i be absorbed into the body, mind, or a larger group. \Bassimilable\b \Iadj.\i \Bassimilation\b \K/-"leIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bassimilative\b \Iadj.\i \Bassimilator\b\p\In.\i\p\Bassimilatory\b \K/-l\F'\nt(\F'\n)ri/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Iassimilare\i (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \Isimilis\i 'like')\c
<hw>assimilationist</hw> \K/\F'\nsImI"leIS(\F'\n)nIst/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\pa person who advocates or participates in racial or cultural integration. \Iadj.\i of, relating to, or promoting the views of assimilationists.\Knew f. Incs, NSOED Sept 94\k
<hw>assist</hw> \K/\F'\n"sIst/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bin\b + verbal noun)\i help (a person, process, etc.) \3(assisted them in running the playgroup).\c\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bin,\b \Bat)\b\i attend or be present \3(assisted in the ceremony).\c\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b\p\B1\b a help; an act of helping.\p\B2\b \IBaseball etc.\i a player's action of helping to put out an opponent, score a goal, etc. \Bassistance\b\p\In.\i\p\Bassister\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via French \Iassister\i from Latin \Iassistere\i 'take one's stand by' (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \Isistere\i 'take one's stand')\c
<hw>assistant</hw> \K/\F'\n"sIst(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a helper.\p\B2\b \I(often \Battrib.)\b\i a person who assists, esp. as a subordinate in a particular job or role.\p\B3\b \BBrit.\b = \J\Xshop assistant\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English \Iassistent\i from medieval Latin \Iassistent-\i present participial stem of \Iassistere\i (as \J\Xassist\x,\j \J\X-ant\x,\j \J\X-ent\x)\j\c
<hw>assisted place</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IEducation\i (in the UK) a place in an independent school which is wholly or partially subsidized by the State.\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED, corpus, NEWS Feb 94\k
<hw>assize</hw> \K/\F'\n"sVIz/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i \ILaw\i \Ihist.\i a court sitting at intervals in each county of England and Wales to administer the civil and criminal law. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ias(s)ise,\i fem. past part. of \Iaseeir\i 'sit at', from Latin \Iassidere:\i cf. \J\Xassess\x\j\c
<hw>Assoc.</hw> \Iabbr.\i (as part of a title) Association.
<hw>associable</hw> \K/\F'\n"s\F'\nUSI\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/, /-sI-/\k \Iadj.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bwith)\b\i capable of being connected in thought. \Bassociability\b \K/-"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French, from \Iassocier\i (as \J\Xassociate\x,\j \J\X-able\x)\j\c
<hw>associate</hw> \Iv., n., & adj.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\K/\F'\n"s\F'\nUSIeIt/, /-sIeIt/\k\p\B1\b \Itr.\i connect in the mind \3(associate holly with Christmas).\c\p\B2\b \Itr.\i join or combine.\p\B3\b \Irefl.\i make oneself a partner; declare oneself in agreement \3(associate myself in your endeavour;\c \2did not want to associate ourselves with the plan).\c\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i combine for a common purpose.\p\B5\b \Iintr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bwith)\b\i meet frequently or have dealings.\p\In.\i\p\K/\F'\n"s\F'\nUSI\F'\nt/, /-sI\F'\nt/\k\p\B1\b a business partner or colleague.\p\B2\b a friend or companion.\p\B3\b a subordinate member of a body, institute, etc.\p\B4\b a thing connected with another. \Iadj.\i \K/\F'\n"s\F'\nUSI\F'\nt/, /-sI\F'\nt/\k\p\B1\b joined in companionship, function, or dignity.\p\B2\b allied; in the same group or category.\p\B3\b of less than full status \3(associate member).\c \Bassociateship\b \K/\F'\n"s\F'\nUSI\F'\ntSIp/, /\F'\n"s\F'\nUs-/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bassociator\b \K/\F'\n"s\F'\nUSIeIt\F'\n/, /\F'\n"s\F'\nUs-/\k\p\In.\i\p\Kassociatory omitted Jul 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Iassociatus,\i past part. of \Iassociare\i (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \Isocius\i 'sharing, allied')\c
<hw>association</hw> \K/\F'\ns\F'\nUsI"eIS(\F'\n)n/, /-SI-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a group of people organized for a joint purpose; a society.\p\B2\b the act or an instance of associating.\p\B3\b fellowship; human contact or cooperation.\p\B4\b a mental connection between ideas.\p\B5\b \IChem.\i a loose aggregation of molecules.\p\B6\b \IEcol.\i a group of associated plants. \Bassociational\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iassociation\i or medieval Latin \Iassociatio\i (as \J\Xassociate\x,\j \J\X-ation\x)\j\c
<hw>Association Football</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IFootball\i football played by sides of 11 players with a round ball which may not be handled during play except by the goalkeepers.
<hw>associative</hw> \K/\F'\n"s\F'\nUSI\F'\ntIv/, /-sI-/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of or involving association.\p\B2\b \IMath.\i & \IComputing\i involving the condition that a group of quantities connected by operators (see \J\Xoperator\x 4)\j gives the same result whatever their grouping, as long as their order remains the same, e.g. \I(a\i ╫ \Ib)\i ╫ \Ic\i = \Ia\i ╫ \I(b\i ╫ \Ic).\i\Kcer\k
<hw>assonance</hw> \K/"as(\F'\n)n\F'\nns/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhilol\i the resemblance of sound between two syllables in nearby words, arising from the rhyming of two or more accented vowels, but not consonants, or the use of identical consonants with different vowels, e.g. \Isonnet,\i \Iporridge,\i and \Ikilled,\i \Icold,\i \Iculled.\i \Bassonant\b \Iadj.\i \Bassonate\b \K/-neIt/\k \Iv.intr.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French from Latin \Iassonare\i 'respond to' (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \Isonus\i 'sound')\c
<hw>assort</hw> \K/\F'\n"sO:t/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bwith)\b\i classify or arrange in groups.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i suit; fit into; harmonize with (usu. in phrs. \Bassort ill\b or \Bwell with).\b \BEtymology:\b \3Old French \Iassorter,\i from \Iα\i 'to' + \Isorte\i \J\Xsort\x\j\c
<hw>assortative mating</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBiol.\i non-random mating resulting from the selection of similar partners.
<hw>assorted</hw> \K/\F'\n"sO:tId/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of various sorts put together; miscellaneous.\p\B2\b sorted into groups.\p\B3\b matched \3(ill-assorted;\c \2poorly assorted).\c
<hw>assortment</hw> \K/\F'\n"sO:tm(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\pa set of various sorts of things or people put together; a mixed collection.
<hw>assuage</hw> \K/\F'\n"sweIdZ/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b calm or soothe (a person, pain, etc.).\p\B2\b appease or relieve (an appetite or desire). \Bassuagement\b\p\In.\i\p\Kassuager omitted Jul 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ias(s)ouagier,\i ultimately from Latin \Isuavis\i 'sweet'\c
<hw>assume</hw> \K/\F'\n"sju:m/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bthat\b + clause)\i take or accept as being true, without proof, for the purpose of argument or action.\p\B2\b simulate or pretend (ignorance etc.).\p\B3\b undertake (an office or duty).\p\B4\b take or put on oneself or itself (an aspect, attribute, etc.) \3(the problem assumed immense proportions).\c\p\B5\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bto)\b\i arrogate, usurp, or seize (credit, power, etc.) \3(assumed to himself the right of veto).\c \Bassumable\b \Iadj.\i \Bassumedly\b \K/-mIdli/\k \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Iassumere\i (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \Isumere sumpt-\i 'take')\c
<hw>assuming</hw> \K/\F'\n"sju:mIN/\k \Iadj.\i (of a person) taking too much for granted; arrogant, presumptuous.
<hw>assumption</hw> \K/\F'\n"sVm(p)S(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or an instance of assuming.\p\B2\b \Ba\b the act or an instance of accepting without proof. \Bb\b a thing assumed in this way.\p\B3\b arrogance.\p\B4\b \B(Assumption)\b \IRelig\i \Ba\b the reception of the Virgin Mary bodily into heaven, according to Roman Catholic doctrine. \Bb\b the feast in honour of this, 15 Aug. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iasompsion\i or Latin \Iassumptio\i (as \J\Xassume\x,\j \J\X-ion\x)\j\c
<hw>assumptive</hw> \K/\F'\n"sVm(p)tIv/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b taken for granted.\p\B2\b arrogant. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iassumptivus\i (as \J\Xassume\x,\j \J\X-ive\x)\j\c
<hw>assurance</hw> \K/\F'\n"SU\F'\nr(\F'\n)ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a positive declaration that a thing is true.\p\B2\b a solemn promise or guarantee.\p\B3\b \Besp. Brit.\b \ICommerce\i insurance, esp. life insurance.\p\B4\b certainty.\p\B5\b \Ba\b self-confidence. \Bb\b impudence. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iaseⁿrance\i from \Iaseⁿrer\i (as \J\Xassure\x,\j \J\X-ance\x)\j\c
<hw>assure</hw> \K/\F'\n"SU\F'\n/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bof)\b\i \Ba\b make (a person) sure; convince \3(assured him of my sincerity).\c \Bb\b tell (a person) confidently \3(assured him the bus went to Westminster).\c\p\B2\b \Ba\b make certain of; ensure the happening etc. of \3(will assure her success).\c \Bb\b make safe (against overthrow etc.).\p\B3\b \Besp. Brit.\b insure (esp. a life).\p\B4\b (as \Bassured\b \Iadj.)\i \Ba\b guaranteed. \Bb\b self-confident.\p\1rest assured\c remain confident. \Kassurable omitted Jul 93\k\Bassurer\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iaseⁿrer,\i ultimately from Latin (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \Isecurus\i 'safe', \J\Xsecure\x)\j\c
<hw>Assyrian</hw> \K/\F'\n"sIrI\F'\nn/\k \In. & adj.\i \Ihist.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPeople\i an inhabitant of Assyria, an ancient kingdom in Mesopotamia\ILanguage\i .\p\B2\b the Akkadian dialect of Assyria. \Iadj.\i of or relating to Assyria or its dialect. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \IAssyrius\i from Greek \IAssurios\i 'of Assyria'\c
<hw>Assyriology</hw> \K/\F'\nsIrI"Ql\F'\ndZi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IEducation\i the study of the language, history, and antiquities of Assyria. \BAssyriologist\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>AST</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IHorol\i Atlantic Standard Time.
<hw>astable</hw> \K/\F'\n"steIb(\F'\n)l/, /eI-/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b not stable.\p\B2\b \IElectr.\i of or relating to a circuit which oscillates spontaneously between unstable states.
<hw>astatic</hw> \K/\F'\n"statIk/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b not static; unstable or unsteady.\p\B2\b \IPhysics\i not tending to keep one position or direction. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iastatos\i 'unstable' (as \J\Xa-\x (1)\j + \Ista-\i 'stand')\c
<hw>astatic galvanometer</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i a galvanometer in which the effect of the earth's magnetic field on the meter needle is greatly reduced.
<hw>astatine</hw> \K/"ast\F'\nti:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i a radioactive element, the heaviest of the halogens, which occurs naturally and can be artificially made by nuclear bombardment of bismuth (symbol \BAt).\b\Ksymb\k \BEtymology:\b \3formed as \J\Xastatic\x\j + \J\X-ine\x (4)\j\c
<hw>aster</hw> \K/"ast\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a plant of the genus \IAster\i (daisy family), with bright rayed flowers, e.g. the Michaelmas daisy. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, from Greek \Iaster\i 'star'\c
<hw>asterisk</hw> \K/"ast\F'\nrIsk/\k \In. & v.\i \IPrinting\i\p\In.\i\pa symbol (*) used in printing and writing to mark words etc. for reference, to stand for omitted matter, etc. \Iv.tr.\i mark with an asterisk. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Late Latin \Iasteriscus\i from Greek \Iasteriskos,\i diminutive of \Iaster\i 'star'\c
<hw>asterism</hw> \K/"ast\F'\nrIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IAstron\i a cluster of stars.\p\B2\b a group of three asterisks (&astm.) calling attention to following text.\Kcer from Ref Comp Jan 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iasterismos\i (as \J\Xaster\x,\j \J\X-ism\x)\j\c
<hw>astern</hw> \K/\F'\n"st\F'\n:n/\k \Iadv.\i \I(often foll. by \Bof)\b\i \INaut.\i & \IAeron.\i\p\B1\b aft; away to the rear.\p\B2\b backwards. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xa\x (2)\j + \J\Xstern\x (2)\j\c
<hw>asteroid</hw> \K/"ast\F'\nrOId/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IAstron\i a small rocky body orbiting the sun, mainly between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.\p\B2\b \IZool.\i a starfish. \Basteroidal\b \K/ast\F'\n"rOId(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iasteroeides\i (as \J\Xaster\x,\j \J\X-oid\x)\j\c
<hw>asthenia</hw> \K/\F'\ns"Ti:nI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed.\i loss of strength; debility. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin, from Greek \Iastheneia\i from \Iasthenes\i 'weak'\c
<hw>asthenic</hw> \K/\F'\ns"TEnIk/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of lean or long-limbed build.\p\B2\b \IMed.\i of or characterized by asthenia.\p\In.\i\pa lean long-limbed person. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iasthenikos\i from \Iasthenes\i 'weak'\c
<hw>asthenosphere</hw> \K/\F'\ns"TEn\F'\nsfI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeol.\i the upper layer of the earth's mantle, whose capacity for gradual flow is thought to give rise to continental drift.\Knew f. Collins, NSOED Sept. 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iasthenes\i 'weak' + \J\X-o-\x\j + \J\Xsphere\x\j\c
<hw>asthma</hw> \K/"asm\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a usu. allergic respiratory disease, often with paroxysms of difficult breathing. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Greek \Iasthma -matos,\i from \Iazo\i 'breathe hard'\c
<hw>asthmatic</hw> \K/as"matIk/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IMed\i \Iadj.\i relating to or suffering from asthma.\p\In.\i\pa person suffering from asthma. \Basthmatically\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iasthmaticus\i from Greek \Iasthmatikos\i (as \J\Xasthma\x,\j \J\X-ic\x)\j\c
<hw>Asti</hw> \K/"asti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \BAstis)\b \IDrink\i an Italian white wine. \BEtymology:\b \3\IAsti,\i a province in Piedmont\c
<hw>astigmatism</hw> \K/\F'\n"stIgm\F'\ntIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a defect in the eye or in a lens resulting in distorted images, as light rays are prevented from meeting at a common focus. \Bastigmatic\b \K/astIg"matIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xa-\x (1)\j + Greek \Istigma -matos\i 'point'\c
<hw>astilbe</hw> \K/\F'\n"stIlbi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a plant of the genus \IAstilbe\i (saxifrage family), with plumelike heads of tiny white or red flowers. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from Greek (as \J\Xa-\x (1)\j + \Istilbe,\i fem. of \Istilbos\i 'glittering'), from the inconspicuous (individual) flowers\c
<hw>astir</hw> \K/\F'\n"st\F'\n:/\k \Ipredic.adj. & adv.\i\p\B1\b in motion.\p\B2\b awake and out of bed \3(astir early;\c \2already astir).\c\p\B3\b excited. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xa\x (2)\j + \J\Xstir\x (1)\p\In.\i\p\j\c
<hw>Asti spumante</hw> \K/spu:"manti/\k\p\In.\i\p\IDrink\i a sparkling form of Asti.
<hw>astonish</hw> \K/\F'\n"stQnIS/\k \Iv.tr.\i amaze; surprise greatly. \Bastonishing\b \Iadj.\i \Bastonishingly\b \Iadv.\i \Bastonishment\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3obsolete \Iastone\i via Old French \Iestoner\i from Gallo-Roman, ultimately from Latin (as \J\Xex-\x (1),\j \Itonare\i 'to thunder'): see \J\X-ish\x (2)\j\c
<hw>astound</hw> \K/\F'\n"staUnd/\k \Iv.tr.\i shock with alarm or surprise; amaze. \Bastounding\b \Iadj.\i \Bastoundingly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3obsolete \Iastound\i \I(adj.)\i = \Iastoned,\i past part. of obsolete \Iastone:\i see \J\Xastonish\x\j\c
<hw>astraddle</hw> \K/\F'\n"strad(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadv. & predic.adj.\i in a straddling position.
<hw>astragal</hw> \K/"astr\F'\ng(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\IArchit.\i a small semicircular moulding round the top or bottom of a column. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xastragalus\x\j\c
<hw>astragalus</hw> \K/\F'\n"strag(\F'\n)l\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bastragali\b \K/-lVI/\k)\p\B1\b \IAnat.\i = \J\Xtalus\x (1).\j\p\B2\b \IBot.\i a leguminous plant of the genus \IAstragalus,\i e.g. the milk-vetch. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, from Greek \Iastragalos\i 'ankle-bone, moulding, a plant'\c
<hw>astrakhan</hw> \K/astr\F'\n"kan/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the dark curly fleece of young lambs from Astrakhan.\p\B2\b \ITextiles\i a cloth imitating astrakhan. \BEtymology:\b \3\IAstrakhan,\i a city and region in Russia\c
<hw>astral</hw> \K/"astr(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of or connected with the stars.\p\B2\b consisting of stars; starry.\p\B3\b \ITheosophy\i relating to or arising from a supposed ethereal existence, esp. of a counterpart of the body, associated with oneself in life and surviving after death. \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Iastralis\i from \Iastrum\i 'star'\c
<hw>astray</hw> \K/\F'\n"streI/\k \Iadv. & predic.adj.\i\p\B1\b in or into error or sin (esp. in phr. \Blead astray).\b\p\B2\b out of the right way.\p\Bgo astray\b be lost or mislaid. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \IestraiΘ,\i past part. of \Iestraier,\i ultimately from Latin \Iextra\i 'out of bounds' + \Ivagari\i 'wander'\c
<hw>astride</hw> \K/\F'\n"strVId/\k \Iadv. & prep.\i \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bof)\b\i with a leg on each side.\p\B2\b with legs apart. \Iprep.\i with a leg on each side of; extending across.
<hw>astringent</hw> \K/\F'\n"strIn(d)Z(\F'\n)nt/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IMed\i causing the contraction of body tissues.\p\B2\b \IMed\i checking bleeding.\p\B3\b severe, austere.\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i an astringent substance or drug. \Bastringency\b\p\In.\i\p\Bastringently\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French from Latin \Iastringere\i (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \Istringere\i 'bind')\c
<hw>astro-</hw> \K/"astr\F'\nU/\k \Icomb. form\i \IAstron\i\p\B1\b relating to the stars or celestial objects.\p\B2\b relating to outer space. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek from \Iastron\i 'star'\c
<hw>astrochemistry</hw> \K/astr\F'\nU"kEmIstri/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i the study of molecules and radicals in interstellar space.
<hw>astrodome</hw> \K/"astr\F'\nd\F'\nUm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAstron\i\p\B1\b a domed window in an aircraft for astronomical observations.\p\B2\b \Besp. US\b an enclosed stadium with a domed roof.\Ksense 2 new in COD9 f. NSOED, NEWS Jul 93\k
<hw>astroid</hw> \K/"astrOId/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMath.\i a hypocycloid with four cusps (like a square with concave sides).\Knew f. NSOED, file Mar 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iastron\i 'star' + \J\X-oid\x\j\c
<hw>astrolabe</hw> \K/"astr\F'\nleIb/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAstron\i an instrument, usu. consisting of a disc and pointer, formerly used to make astronomical measurements, esp. of the altitudes of celestial bodies, and as an aid in navigation. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iastrelabe\i and medieval Latin \Iastrolabium\i from Greek \Iastrolabon,\i neut. of \Iastrolabos\i 'star-taking'\c
<hw>astrology</hw> \K/\F'\n"strQl\F'\ndZi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAstrol\i the study of the movements and relative positions of celestial bodies interpreted as an influence on human affairs. \Bastrologer\b\p\In.\i\p\Bastrological\b \K/astr\F'\n"lQdZIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Bastrologist\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iastrologie\i and Latin \Iastrologia\i from Greek (as \J\Xastro-\x,\j \J\X-logy\x)\j\c
<hw>astronaut</hw> \K/"astr\F'\nnO:t/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAstron\i a person who is trained to travel in a spacecraft. \Bastronautical\b \K/astr\F'\n"nO:tIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xastro-\x,\j on the pattern of \Iaeronaut,\i \Iaquanaut\i\c
<hw>astronautics</hw> \K/astr\F'\n"nO:tIks/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAstron\i the science of space travel.
<hw>astronomical</hw> \K/astr\F'\n"nQmIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i (also \Bastronomic)\b\p\B1\b \IAstron\i of or relating to astronomy.\p\B2\b extremely large; too large to contemplate. \Bastronomically\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iastronomicus\i from Greek \Iastronomikos\i\c
<hw>astronomical unit</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAstron\i a unit of measurement in astronomy equal to the mean distance from the centre of the earth to the centre of the sun, 1.496 ╫ 1011 metres or 92.9 million miles.
<hw>astronomy</hw> \K/\F'\n"strQn\F'\nmi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAstron\i the scientific study of celestial objects, of space, and of the physical universe as a whole. \Bastronomer\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iastronomie\i and Latin from Greek \Iastronomia,\i from \Iastronomos\i \I(adj.)\i ' star-arranging', from \Iastron\i 'star', \Inemo\i 'arrange'\c
<hw>astrophysics</hw> \K/astr\F'\n(U)"fIzIks/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAstron\i a branch of astronomy concerned with the physics and chemistry of celestial bodies. \Bastrophysical\b \Iadj.\i \Bastrophysicist\b \K/-sIst/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>AstroTurf</hw> \K/"astr\F'\nt\F'\n:f/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISport\i \Ipropr.\i an artificial grass surface, esp. for sports fields. \Bastroturfed\b \Iadj.\i\Kastroturfed new f. incomings Feb 95\k \BEtymology:\b \3\IAstro\idome, name of a sports stadium in Texas where it was first used, + \J\Xturf\x\j\c
<hw>astute</hw> \K/\F'\n"stju:t/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b shrewd; sagacious.\p\B2\b crafty. \Bastutely\b \Iadv.\i \Bastuteness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3obsolete French \Iastut\i or Latin \Iastutus,\i from \Iastus\i 'craft'\c
<hw>asylum</hw> \K/\F'\n"sVIl\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b sanctuary; protection, esp. for those pursued by the law \3(seek asylum).\c\p\B2\b \ISociol Psychol\i \Iesp. hist.\i any of various kinds of institution offering shelter and support to distressed or destitute individuals, esp. the mentally ill. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Latin from Greek \Iasulon\i 'refuge' (as \J\Xa-\x (1),\j \Isulon\i 'right of seizure')\c
<hw>asymmetry</hw> \K/a"sImItri/, /eI-/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IMath\i\p\B1\b lack of symmetry.\p\B2\b an instance of this.\Ksense 2 new f. corpus Jan 94\k \Basymmetric\b \K/-"mEtrIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Basymmetrical\b \K/-"mEtrIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Basymmetrically\b \K/-"mEtrIk(\F'\n)li/\k \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iasummetria\i (as \J\Xa-\x (1),\j \J\Xsymmetry\x)\j\c
<hw>asymptomatic</hw> \K/\F'\nsImpt\F'\n"matIk/, /eI-/\k \Iadj.\i \IMed\i producing or showing no symptoms.
<hw>asymptote</hw> \K/"asIm(p)t\F'\nUt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMath\i a line that continually approaches a given curve but does not meet it at a finite distance. \Basymptotic\b \K/asIm(p)"tQtIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Basymptotically\b \K/asIm(p)"tQtIk(\F'\n)li/\k \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \Iasymptota\i \I(linea\i 'line') from Greek \Iasumptotos\i 'not falling together' (as \J\Xa-\x (1),\j \Isun\i 'together' + \Iptotos\i 'falling' from \Ipipto\i 'fall')\c
<hw>asynchronous</hw> \K/\F'\n"sINkr\F'\nn\F'\ns/, /eI-/\k \Iadj.\i not synchronous. \Basynchronously\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>asyndeton</hw> \K/\F'\n"sIndIt(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Basyndeta\b \K/-t\F'\n/\k) \IGram\i the omission of a conjunction. \Basyndetic\b \K/asIn"dEtIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from Greek \Iasundeton,\i neut. adj. from \J\Xa-\x (1)\j + \Isundetos\i 'bound together'\c
<hw>At</hw> \Isymb.\i \IChem.\i the element astatine.
<hw>at</hw> \K/at/, /\F'\nt/\k \Iprep.\i\p\B1\b expressing position, exact or approximate \3(wait at the corner;\c \2at the top of the hill;\c \2met at Bath;\c \2is at school;\c \2at a distance).\c\p\B2\b expressing a point in time \3(see you at three;\c \2went at dawn).\c\p\B3\b expressing a point in a scale or range \3(at boiling point;\c \2at his best).\c\p\B4\b expressing engagement or concern in a state or activity \3(at war;\c \2at work;\c \2at odds).\c\p\B5\b expressing a value or rate \3(sell at ú10 each).\c\p\B6\b \Ba\b with or with reference to; in terms of \3(at a disadvantage;\c \2annoyed at losing;\c \2good at cricket;\c \2play at fighting;\c \2sick at heart;\c \2came at a run;\c \2at short notice;\c \2work at it).\c \Bb\b in response to \3(starts at a touch).\c \Bc\b by means of \3(drank it at a gulp).\c\p\B7\b expressing: \Ba\b motion towards \3(arrived at the station;\c \2went at them).\c \Bb\b aim towards or pursuit of (physically or conceptually) \3(aim at the target;\c \2work at a solution;\c \2guess at the truth;\c \2laughed at us;\c \2has been at the milk again).\c\p\1at all\c \Isee\i \J\Xall\x.\j\p\1at hand\c \Isee\i \J\Xhand\x.\j\p\1at home\c \Isee\i \J\Xhome\x.\j\p\1at it\c\p\B1\b engaged in an activity; working hard.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i repeating a habitual (usu. disapproved of) activity \3(found them at it again).\c\p\1at once\c \Isee\i \J\Xonce\x.\j\p\1at that\c moreover \3(found one, and a good one at that).\c\p\1at times\c \Isee\i \J\Xtime\x.\j\p\1where it's at\c \Islang\i the fashionable scene or activity. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iµt\i from Germanic, related to Latin \Iad\i 'to'\c
<hw>at-</hw> \K/at/, /\F'\nt/\k \Iprefix\i \Iassim. form of\i \J\Xad-\x\j before \It.\i
<hw>ataraxy</hw> \K/"at\F'\nraksi/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bataraxia\b \K/at\F'\n"raksI\F'\n/\k) calmness or tranquillity; imperturbability. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iataraxie\i from Greek \Iataraxia\i 'impassiveness'\c
<hw>atavism</hw> \K/"at\F'\nvIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiol\i\p\B1\b a resemblance to remote ancestors rather than to parents in plants or animals.\p\B2\b reversion to an earlier type. \Batavistic\b \K/-"vIstIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Batavistically\b \K/-"vIstIk(\F'\n)li/\k \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iatavisme\i from Latin \Iatavus\i 'great-grandfather's grandfather'\c
<hw>ataxy</hw> \K/\F'\n"taksi/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bataxia\b \K/-sI\F'\n/\k) \IMed.\i the loss of full control of bodily movements. \Bataxic\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \Iataxia\i from Greek (as \J\Xa-\x (1)\j + \Itaxis\i 'order')\c
<hw>at bat</hw> \In. & adv.\i \IBaseball\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an inning.\p\B2\b a player's turn at batting. \Iadv.\i batting.\Knew f. Inc.; already used in defs. Sept 94\k
<hw>ATC</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IAeron\i\p\B1\b air traffic control.\p\B2\b Air Training Corps.
<hw>ate</hw> \I\Ipast\i of\i \J\Xeat\x.\j
<hw>-ate (1)</hw> \K/\F'\nt/, /eIt/\k \Isuffix\i\p\B1\b forming nouns denoting: \Ba\b status or office \3(doctorate;\c \2episcopate).\c \Bb\b state or function \3(curate;\c \2magistrate;\c \2mandate).\c\p\B2\b forming nouns denoting a group \3(electorate).\c\p\B3\b \IChem.\i forming nouns denoting the salt of an acid with a corresponding name ending in \I-ic\i \3(chlorate;\c \2nitrate).\c\p\B4\b \IChem.\i forming nouns denoting a product \3(condensate;\c \2filtrate).\c \BEtymology:\b \3from or suggested by Old French \I-at\i or \IΘ(e),\i or from Latin \I-atus\i noun or past part.: cf. \J\X-ate\x (2)\j\c
<hw>-ate (2)</hw> \K/\F'\nt/, /eIt/\k \Isuffix\i\p\B1\b forming adjectives and nouns \3(associate;\c \2delegate;\c \2duplicate;\c \2separate).\c\p\B2\b forming adjectives from Latin or English nouns and adjectives \3(cordate;\c \2insensate;\c \2Italianate).\c \BEtymology:\b \3from or influenced by French \I-Θ\i or its source, Latin \I-atus,\i past part. of verbs ending in \I-are\i\c
<hw>-ate (3)</hw> \K/eIt/\k \Isuffix\i forming verbs \3(associate;\c \2duplicate;\c \2fascinate;\c \2hyphenate;\c \2separate).\c \BEtymology:\b \3from or influenced by French \I-er\i or its source, Latin \I-are\i (past part. \I-atus):\i cf. \J\X-ate\x (2)\j\c
<hw>A-team</hw>\p\In.\i\pa group consisting of one's best workers, advisers, etc.\Knew word in COD9 f. corpus, files Jul 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3from sports terminology in which an organization's A-team is its best team\c
<hw>atelier</hw> \K/\F'\n"tElIeI/\k\p\In.\i\pa workshop or studio, esp. of an artist or designer. \BEtymology:\b \3French\c
<hw>a tempo</hw> \K/A: "tEmp\F'\nU/\k \Iadv.\i \IMus.\i in the previous tempo. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian, literally 'in time'\c
<hw>Athanasian Creed</hw> \K/aT\F'\n"neIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i a summary of Christian doctrine formerly attributed to Athanasius (bishop of Alexandria d. 373), but probably dating from the 5th c.
<hw>atheism</hw> \K/"eITIIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i the theory or belief that God does not exist. \Batheist\b\p\In.\i\p\Batheistic\b \K/-"IstIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Batheistical\b \K/-"IstIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \IathΘisme\i from Greek \Iatheos\i 'without God' (as \J\Xa-\x (1)\j + \Itheos\i 'god')\c
<hw>atheling</hw> \K/"aT(\F'\n)lIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\Ihist.\i a prince or lord in Anglo-Saxon England. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iµtheling,\i from a West Germanic base meaning 'race, family': see \J\X-ing\x (3)\j\c
<hw>athematic</hw> \K/aTI"matIk/, /eI-/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IMus.\i not based on the use of themes.\p\B2\b \IGram.\i (of a verb form) having a suffix attached to the stem without a connecting (thematic) vowel.
<hw>athenaeum</hw> \K/aTI"ni:\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Batheneum)\b \IEducation\i\p\B1\b an institution for literary or scientific study.\p\B2\b a library. \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \IAthenaeum\i from Greek \IAthenaion\i 'temple of Athene' (used as a place of teaching)\c
<hw>Athenian</hw> \K/\F'\n"Ti:nI\F'\nn/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\IPeople\i a native or inhabitant of ancient or modern Athens. \Iadj.\i of or relating to Athens. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \IAtheniensis\i from \IAthenae,\i from Greek \IAthenai\i 'Athens', principal city of Greece\c
<hw>atherosclerosis</hw> \K/%aT\F'\nr\F'\nUsklI\F'\n"r\F'\nUsIs/, /-skl\F'\n-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a form of arteriosclerosis characterized by the degeneration of the arteries because of the build-up of fatty deposits. \Batherosclerotic\b \K/-"rQtIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3German \IAtherosklerose,\i from Greek \Iathere\i 'groats' + \J\Xsclerosis\x\j\c
<hw>athirst</hw> \K/\F'\n"T\F'\n:st/\k \Ipredic.adj.\i \Ipoet.\i\p\B1\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bfor)\b\i eager \3(athirst for knowledge).\c\p\B2\b thirsty. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iofthyrst\i for \Iofthyrsted,\i past part. of \Iofthyrstan\i 'be thirsty'\c
<hw>athlete</hw> \K/"aTli:t/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a skilled performer in physical exercises, esp. \BBrit.\b in track and field events.\p\B2\b a healthy person with natural athletic ability. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iathleta\i from Greek \Iathletes,\i from \Iathlein\i 'contend for a prize' from \Iathlon\i 'prize'\c
<hw>athlete's foot</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a fungal foot condition affecting esp. the skin between the toes.
<hw>athletic</hw> \K/aT"lEtIk/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of or relating to athletes or athletics \3(an athletic competition).\c\p\B2\b muscular or physically powerful. \Bathletically\b \Iadv.\i \Bathleticism\b \K/-"lEtIsIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \IathlΘtique\i or Latin \Iathleticus\i from Greek \Iathletikos\i (as \J\Xathlete\x,\j \J\X-ic\x)\j\c
<hw>athletics</hw> \K/aT"lEtIks/\k \In.pl.\i \I(usu. treated as \Bsing.)\b\i \IAthletics\i\p\B1\b \Besp. Brit.\b \Ba\b track and field events \I(often \Battrib.:\b\i \2athletics meeting).\c \Bb\b the practice of these.\p\B2\b \BN. Amer.\b physical sports and games of any kind.
<hw>at-home</hw>\p\In.\i\pa social reception in a person's home.
<hw>athwart</hw> \K/\F'\n"TwO:t/\k \Iadv. & prep.\i \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b across from side to side (usu. obliquely).\p\B2\b perversely or in opposition. \Iprep.\i\p\B1\b from side to side of.\p\B2\b in opposition to. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xa\x (2)\j + \J\Xthwart\x\j\c
<hw>-atic</hw> \K/"atIk/\k \Isuffix\i forming adjectives and nouns \3(aquatic;\c \2fanatic;\c \2idiomatic).\c \BEtymology:\b \3French \I-atique\i or Latin -\Iaticus,\i often ultimately from Greek \I-atikos\i\c
<hw>-ation</hw> \K/"eIS(\F'\n)n/\k \Isuffix\i\p\B1\b forming nouns denoting an action or an instance of it \3(alteration;\c \2flirtation;\c \2hesitation).\c\p\B2\b forming nouns denoting a result or product of action \3(plantation;\c \2starvation;\c \2vexation)\c (see also \J\X-fication\x).\j \BEtymology:\b \3from or suggested by French \I-ation\i or from Latin \I-atio -ationis\i from verbs ending in \I-are:\i see \J\X-ion\x\j\c
<hw>-ative</hw> \K/\F'\ntIv/, /"eItIv/\k \Isuffix\i forming adjectives denoting a characteristic or propensity \3(authoritative;\c \2imitative;\c \2pejorative;\c \2qualitative;\c \2talkative).\c \BEtymology:\b \3from or suggested by French \I-atif -ative\i or from Latin \I-ativus\i from past part. stem \I-at-\i of verbs ending in \I-are\i + \I-ivus\i (see \J\X-ive\x):\j cf. \J\X-atic\x\j\c
<hw>Atlantean</hw> \K/at"lantI\F'\nn/, /atl\F'\nn"ti:\F'\nn/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \Iliterary\i of or like Atlas, esp. in physical strength.\p\B2\b of or relating to the legendary lost civilization of Atlantis.\Ksense 2 new f. Incomings Apr 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3sense 1 from Latin \IAtlanteus\i (as \J\Xatlas\x):\j sense 2 from Greek \IAtlantis\i\c
<hw>atlantes</hw> \K/at"lanti:z/\k \In.pl.\i \IArchit.\i male figures carved in stone and used as columns to support the entablature of a Greek or Greek-style building. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek, pl. of \IAtlas:\i see \J\Xatlas\x\j\c
<hw>Atlantic</hw> \K/at"lantIk/\k \In. & adj.\i \IGeog\i\p\In.\i\p\B(the Atlantic)\b = \J\XAtlantic Ocean\x.\j \Iadj.\i of or adjoining the Atlantic. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Latin \IAtlanticus\i from Greek \IAtlantikos\i (as \J\Xatlas\x,\j \J\X-ic\x):\j originally of the Atlas Mountains, then of the sea near the W. African coast\c
<hw>Atlanticism</hw> \K/at"lantI%sIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i belief in or support for Nato or the close relationship between western Europe and the US. \BAtlanticist\b \In. & adj.\i\Knew f. corpus, SOED Dec 93\k
<hw>Atlantic Ocean</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IGeog\i the ocean between Europe and Africa to the east, and America to the west.\Knew f. SOED Apr 94\k
<hw>Atlantic Standard Time</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \BAtlantic Time)\b \IHorol\i the standard time in a zone including the easternmost parts of mainland Canada, four hours behind GMT.
<hw>atlas</hw> \K/"atl\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IGeog\i a book of maps or charts.\p\B2\b \IAnat.\i the cervical vertebra of the backbone articulating with the skull at the neck. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin from Greek \IAtlas -antos,\i the name of a Titan who held up the pillars of the universe, whose picture appeared at the beginning of early atlases\c
<hw>ATM</hw> \Iabbr.\i \ICommerce\i automated teller machine.\Knew f. incomings Sep 94\k
<hw>atm</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IPhysics\i atmosphere(s).
<hw>atman</hw> \K/"A:tm\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IHinduism\i \IRelig\i\p\B1\b the real self.\p\B2\b the supreme spiritual principle. \BEtymology:\b \3Sanskrit \Iatmßn\i 'essence, breath'\c
<hw>atmosphere</hw> \K/"atm\F'\nsfI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \IPhysics\i the envelope of gases surrounding the earth, any other planet, or any substance. \Bb\b the air in any particular place, esp. if unpleasant.\p\B2\b \Ba\b the pervading tone or mood of a place or situation, esp. with reference to the feelings or emotions evoked. \Bb\b the feelings or emotions evoked by a work of art, a piece of music, etc. \Bc\b a feeling of tension between people, caused by a disagreement etc.\Knew sense in COD9 f. corpus, COD box Jul 93\k\p\B3\b \IPhysics\i a unit of pressure equal to mean atmospheric pressure at sea level, 101,325 pascals (abbr.: \Batm).\b\Kabbr\k \Batmospheric\b \K/-"fErIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Batmospherical\b \K/-"fErIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Batmospherically\b \K/-"fErIk(\F'\n)li/\k \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \Iatmosphaera\i from Greek \Iatmos\i 'vapour': see \J\Xsphere\x\j\c
<hw>atmospherics</hw> \K/atm\F'\ns"fErIks/\k \In.pl.\i \IMeteorol\i\p\B1\b electrical disturbance in the atmosphere, esp. caused by lightning.\p\B2\b interference with telecommunications caused by this.\p\B3\b \Ba\b actions intended to create a particular atmosphere or mood. \Bb\b a deliberately created atmosphere or mood.\Ksense 3 new f. incomings Oct 94\k
<hw>atoll</hw> \K/"atQl/, /\F'\n"tQl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeog\i a ring-shaped coral reef enclosing a lagoon. \BEtymology:\b \3Maldivian \Iatolu\i\c
<hw>atom</hw> \K/"at\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem Physics\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the smallest particle of a chemical element that can take part in a chemical reaction. \Bb\b this particle as a source of nuclear energy.\p\B2\b \I(usu. with \Bneg.)\b\i the least portion of a thing or quality \3(not an atom of pity).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iatome\i and Latin \Iatomus\i from Greek \Iatomos\i 'indivisible'\c
<hw>atom bomb</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i a bomb which derives its power from the release of energy by nuclear fission.
<hw>atomic</hw> \K/\F'\n"tQmIk/\k \Iadj.\i \IChem Physics\i\p\B1\b concerned with or using atomic energy or atom bombs.\p\B2\b of or relating to an atom or atoms. \Batomically\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \Iatomicus\i (as \J\Xatom\x,\j \J\X-ic\x)\j\c
<hw>atomic clock</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IHorol\i a clock in which the periodic process (timescale) is regulated by the vibrations of an atomic or molecular system, such as caesium or ammonia.
<hw>atomicity</hw> \K/at\F'\n"mIsIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i\p\B1\b the number of atoms in the molecules of an element.\p\B2\b the state or fact of being composed of atoms.
<hw>atomic mass</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i the mass of an atom measured in atomic mass units.
<hw>atomic mass unit</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i a unit of mass used to express atomic and molecular weights that is equal to one-twelfth of the mass of an atom of carbon-12 (abbr.: \Bamu).\b\Kabbr\k
<hw>atomic number</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which is characteristic of a chemical element and determines its place in the periodic table (symbol \BZ).\b\Ksymb\k
<hw>atomic physics</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i the branch of physics concerned with the structure of the atom and the characteristics of the subatomic particles.
<hw>atomic pile</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i a nuclear reactor.
<hw>atomic spectrum</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i the emission or absorption spectrum arising from electron transitions inside an atom and characteristic of the element.
<hw>atomic structure</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i the structure of an atom as being a central positively charged nucleus surrounded by negatively charged orbiting electrons.
<hw>atomic theory</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPhysics\i the theory that atoms are composed of subatomic particles.\p\B2\b the theory that all matter is made up of tiny indivisible particles called atoms, and esp. that the atoms of any one element are identical but differ from those of other elements and unite to form compounds in fixed proportions.\p\B3\b \IPhilos.\i atomism.
<hw>atomic warfare</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i \IPhysics\i warfare involving the use of atom bombs.
<hw>atomism</hw> \K/"at\F'\nmIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPhilos.\i the theory that all matter consists of tiny individual particles.\p\B2\b \IPsychol.\i the theory that mental states are made up of elementary units. \Batomist\b\p\In.\i\p\Batomistic\b \K/-"mIstIk/\k \Iadj.\i
<hw>atomize</hw> \K/"at\F'\nmVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b\p\B1\b \IPhysics Chem\i reduce to atoms or fine particles.\p\B2\b fragment \3(atomized society).\c\Ksense 2 new f. corpus, Kpb, Sept 94\k\Batomization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>atomizer</hw> \K/"at\F'\nmVIz\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \B-iser)\b an instrument for emitting liquids as a fine spray.
<hw>atomy</hw> \K/"at\F'\nmi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \Iarchaic\i\p\B1\b a skeleton.\p\B2\b an emaciated body. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xanatomy\x\j taken as \Ian atomy\i\c
<hw>atonal</hw> \K/eI"t\F'\nUn(\F'\n)l/, /\F'\n-/\k \Iadj.\i \IMus.\i not written in any key or mode. \Batonality\b \K/-"nalIti/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>atone</hw> \K/\F'\n"t\F'\nUn/\k \Iv.intr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bfor)\b\i make amends; expiate (for a wrong). \BEtymology:\b \3back-formation from \J\Xatonement\x\j\c
<hw>atonement</hw> \K/\F'\n"t\F'\nUnm(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b expiation; reparation for a wrong or injury.\p\B2\b \IRelig\i the reconciliation of God and man.\p\1the Atonement\c \IRelig\i the expiation by Christ of mankind's sin. \BEtymology:\b \3\Iat one\i + \J\X-ment\x,\j influenced by medieval Latin \Iadunamentum\i and earlier \Ionement\i from obsolete \Ione\i \I(v.)\i 'to unite'\c
<hw>atonic</hw> \K/\F'\n"tQnIk/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IPhonet\i without accent or stress.\p\B2\b \IMed.\i lacking bodily tone. \Batony\b \K/"at\F'\nni/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>atop</hw> \K/\F'\n"tQp/\k \Iadv. & prep.\i \Iadv.\i \I(often foll. by \Bof)\b\i on the top. \Iprep.\i on the top of.
<hw>-ator</hw> \K/eIt\F'\n/\k \Isuffix\i forming agent nouns, usu. from Latin words (sometimes via French) \3(agitator;\c \2creator;\c \2equator;\c \2escalator).\c \ISee also\i \J\X-or\x (1).\j \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \I-ator\i\c
<hw>-atory</hw> \K/\F'\nt(\F'\n)ri/\k \Isuffix\i forming adjectives meaning 'relating to or involving (a verbal action)' \3(amatory;\c \2explanatory;\c \2predatory).\c \ISee also\i \J\X-ory\x (2).\j \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \I-atorius\i\c
<hw>atrium</hw> \K/"eItrI\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Batriums\b or \Batria\b \K/-trI\F'\n/\k)\p\B1\b \IArchit\i \Ba\b the central court of an ancient Roman house. \Bb\b a usu. skylit central court rising through several storeys with galleries and rooms opening off at each level. \Bc\b (in a modern house) a central hall or glazed court with rooms opening off it.\p\B2\b \IAnat.\i a cavity in the body, esp. one of the two upper cavities of the heart, receiving blood from the veins. \Batrial\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin\c
<hw>atrocious</hw> \K/\F'\n"tr\F'\nUS\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b very bad or unpleasant \3(atrocious weather;\c \2their manners were atrocious).\c\p\B2\b extremely savage or wicked \3(atrocious cruelty).\c \Batrociously\b \Iadv.\i \Batrociousness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iatrox -ocis\i 'cruel'\c
<hw>atrocity</hw> \K/\F'\n"trQsIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b an extremely wicked or cruel act, esp. one involving physical violence or injury.\p\B2\b extreme wickedness. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IatrocitΘ\i or Latin \Iatrocitas\i (as \J\Xatrocious\x,\j \J\X-ity\x)\j\c
<hw>atrophy</hw> \K/"atr\F'\nfi/\k \Iv. & n.\i \IBiol\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B(-ies,\b \B-ied)\b\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i waste away through undernourishment, ageing, or lack of use; become emaciated.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i cause to atrophy.\p\In.\i\pthe process of atrophying; emaciation. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iatrophie\i or Late Latin \Iatrophia\i from Greek (as \J\Xa-\x (1)\j + \Itrophe\i 'food')\c
<hw>atropine</hw> \K/"atr\F'\npi:n/, /-In/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPharm\i a poisonous alkaloid found in deadly nightshade, used in medicine to dilate the pupil of the eye, and to treat intestinal spasm and counteract slowing of the heart. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \IAtropa belladonna\i 'deadly nightshade' from Greek \IAtropos\i 'inflexible', the name of one of the Fates\c
<hw>attach</hw> \K/\F'\n"tatS/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i fasten, affix, join.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \I(in \Bpassive;\b\i \Ifoll. by \Bto)\b\i be very fond of or devoted to \3(am deeply attached to her).\c\p\B3\b \Itr.\i attribute, assign (some function, quality, or characteristic) \3(can you attach a name to it?;\c \2attaches great importance to it).\c\p\B4\b \Ba\b \Itr.\i include; cause to form part of a thing \3(no conditions are attached).\c \Bb\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bto)\b\i be an attribute or characteristic \3(great prestige attaches to the job).\c\p\B5\b \Irefl.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bto)\b\i take part in; join \3(attached themselves to the expedition).\c\p\B6\b \Itr.\i appoint for special or temporary duties.\p\B7\b \Itr.\i \ILaw\i seize (a person or property) by legal authority. \Battachable\b \Iadj.\i\Kattacher omitted Jul 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iestachier\i 'fasten' from Germanic: in Law sense via Old French \Iatachier\i\c
<hw>attachΘ</hw> \K/\F'\n"taSeI/\k\p\In.\i\p\IDiplomacy\i\p\B1\b a person appointed to an ambassador's staff, usu. with a special sphere of activity \3(military attachΘ;\c \2press attachΘ).\c\p\B2\b \BN. Amer.\b = \J\XattachΘ case\x.\j\Ksense 2 new f. kpb, incomings Sep 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3French, past part. of \Iattacher:\i see \J\Xattach\x\j\c
<hw>attachΘ case</hw>\p\In.\i\pa small flat rectangular case for carrying documents etc.
<hw>attachment</hw> \K/\F'\n"tatSm(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a thing attached or to be attached, esp. to a machine, device, etc., for a special function.\p\B2\b affection, devotion.\p\B3\b a means of attaching.\p\B4\b the act of attaching or the state of being attached.\p\B5\b \ILaw\i legal seizure.\p\B6\b \BBrit.\b a temporary position in, or secondment to, an organization. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from French \Iattachement,\i from \Iattacher\i (as \J\Xattach\x,\j \J\X-ment\x)\j\c
<hw>attack</hw> \K/\F'\n"tak/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \IMil\i act against with (esp. armed) force.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i seek to hurt or defeat.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i criticize adversely.\p\B4\b \Itr.\i act harmfully upon \3(a virus attacking the nervous system;\c \2rust had attacked the metal).\c\p\B5\b \Itr.\i vigorously apply oneself to; begin work on \3(attacked his meal with gusto).\c\p\B6\b \Itr.\i (in various games) try to score goals, points, etc. against (one's opponents).\Ksense 6 new f. SOED Aug 94\k\p\B7\b \Iintr.\i make an attack.\p\B8\b \Iintr.\i be in a mode of attack.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an act, or the process, of acting against a person or thing with (esp. armed) force; an offensive operation or mode of behaviour.\p\B2\b \IMed\i a sudden occurrence of an illness.\p\B3\b gusto, vigour.\p\B4\b \IMus.\i the action or manner of beginning a piece, passage, etc.\p\B5\b \ISport\i a player or players seeking to score goals etc. \Battacker\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Iattaque,\i \Iattaquer\i from Italian \Iattacco\i 'attack', \Iattaccare\i \J\Xattach\x\j\c
<hw>attain</hw> \K/\F'\n"teIn/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i arrive at; reach (a goal etc.).\p\B2\b \Itr.\i gain, accomplish (an aim, distinction, etc.).\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bto)\b\i arrive at by conscious development or effort. \Battainable\b \Iadj.\i \Battainability\b \K/-"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Battainableness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Anglo-French \Iatain-,\i \Iatein-,\i Old French \Iataign-\i 'stem of \Iataindre\i' from Latin \Iattingere\i (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \Itangere\i 'touch')\c
<hw>attainder</hw> \K/\F'\n"teInd\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i \Ihist.\i the forfeiture of land and civil rights suffered as a consequence of a sentence of death for treason or felony.\p\1act (or bill) of attainder\c an item of legislation inflicting attainder without judicial process. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Anglo-French, = Old French \Iateindre\i \J\Xattain\x,\j used as a noun: see \J\X-er\x (6)\j\c
<hw>attainment</hw> \K/\F'\n"teInm(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \I(often in \Bpl.)\b\i something attained or achieved; an accomplishment.\p\B2\b the act or an instance of attaining.
<hw>attaint</hw> \K/\F'\n"teInt/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \ILaw\i \Ihist.\i subject to attainder.\p\B2\b \Ba\b \IMed\i (of disease etc.) strike, affect. \Bb\b taint. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from obsolete \Iattaint\i \I(adj.)\i from Old French \Iataint,\i \Iateint\i past part. of \Iataindre\i (see \J\Xattain\x):\j confused in meaning with \J\Xtaint\x\j\c
<hw>attar</hw> \K/"at\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Botto\b \K/"Qt\F'\nU/\k) a fragrant essential oil, esp. from rose petals. \BEtymology:\b \3Persian '\Iatar\i from Arabic '\Iitr\i 'perfume'\c
<hw>attempt</hw> \K/\F'\n"tEm(p)t/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bto\b + infin.)\i seek to achieve or complete (a task or action) \3(attempted the exercise;\c \2attempted to explain).\c\p\B2\b seek to climb or master (a mountain etc.).\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bat,\b or \Bto\b + infin.)\i an act of attempting; an endeavour \3(made an attempt at winning;\c \2an attempt to succeed).\c\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bon)\b\i an attack; an effort to overcome \3(an attempt on his life;\c \2attempt on the world record).\c\Ksense 2 new f. OERD, incomings, corpus Apr 94\k\p\Battempt the life of\b \Iarchaic\i try to kill. \Battemptable\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old French \Iattempter\i from Latin \Iattemptare\i (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \Itemptare\i \J\Xtempt\x)\j\c
<hw>attend</hw> \K/\F'\n"tEnd/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b be present at \3(attended the meeting).\c \Bb\b go regularly to \3(attends the local school).\c\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \Ba\b be present \3(many members failed to attend).\c \Bb\b be present in a serving capacity; wait.\p\B3\b \Ba\b \Itr.\i escort, accompany \3(the king was attended by soldiers).\c \Bb\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bon)\b\i wait on; serve.\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i \Ba\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bto)\b\i turn or apply one's mind; focus one's attention \3(attend to what I am saying;\c \2was not attending).\c \Bb\b \I(foll. by \Bto)\b\i deal with \3(shall attend to the matter myself).\c\p\B5\b \Itr.\i \I(usu. in \Bpassive)\b\i follow as a result from \3(the error was attended by serious consequences).\c \Battender\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iatendre\i from Latin \Iattendere\i (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \Itendere tent-\i 'stretch')\c
<hw>attendance</hw> \K/\F'\n"tEnd(\F'\n)ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act of attending or being present.\p\B2\b the number of people present \3(a high attendance).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iatendance\i (as \J\Xattend\x,\j \J\X-ance\x)\j\c
<hw>attendance allowance</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ISociol\i (in the UK) a state benefit paid to disabled people in need of constant care at home.
<hw>attendance centre</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICriminol\i (in the UK) a place where young offenders report by order of a court as a minor penalty.
<hw>attendant</hw> \K/\F'\n"tEnd(\F'\n)nt/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\pa person employed to wait on others or provide a service \3(cloakroom attendant;\c \2museum attendant).\c \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b accompanying \3(attendant circumstances).\c\p\B2\b waiting on; serving \3(ladies attendant on the queen).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French (as \J\Xattend\x,\j \J\X-ant\x)\j\c
<hw>attendee</hw> \K/atEn"di:/\k\p\In.\i\pa person who attends (a meeting etc.).
<hw>attention</hw> \K/\F'\n"tEnS(\F'\n)n/\k \In. & int.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or faculty of applying one's mind \3(give me your attention;\c \2attract his attention).\c\p\B2\b \Ba\b consideration \3(give attention to the problem).\c \Bb\b care \3(give special attention to your handwriting).\c\p\B3\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \Ba\b ceremonious politeness \3(he paid his attentions to her).\c \Bb\b wooing, courting \3(she was the subject of his attentions).\c\p\B4\b \IMil.\i an erect attitude of readiness \3(stand at attention).\c \Iint.\i\p\B1\b (in full \Bstand at or to attention!)\b \IMil.\i an order to assume an attitude of attention.\p\B2\b an imperative warning, to gain attention \3(attention please!).\c\Ksense 2 new f. GLC Apr 94\k \Battentional\b \Iadj.\i\K-al new f. SOED, corpus Dec 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Iattentio\i (as \J\Xattend\x,\j \J\X-ion\x)\j\c
<hw>attentive</hw> \K/\F'\n"tEntIv/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b concentrating; paying attention.\p\B2\b assiduously polite.\p\B3\b heedful. \Battentively\b \Iadv.\i \Battentiveness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from French \Iattentif -ive\i from \Iattente,\i Old French \Iatente,\i fem. past part. of \Iatendre\i \J\Xattend\x\j\c
<hw>attenuate</hw> \Iv. & adj.\i \Iv.tr.\i \K/\F'\n"tEnjUeIt/\k\p\B1\b make thin.\p\B2\b reduce in force, value, or virulence.\p\B3\b \IElectr.\i reduce the amplitude of (a signal or current). \Iadj.\i \K/\F'\n"tEnjU\F'\nt/\k\p\B1\b slender.\p\B2\b tapering gradually.\p\B3\b rarefied. \Battenuated\b \Iadj.\i \Battenuation\b \K/-"eIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Battenuator\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iattenuare\i (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \Itenuis\i 'thin')\c
<hw>attest</hw> \K/\F'\n"tEst/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b certify the validity of. \Bb\b be evidence of.\Ksense 1b new f. SOED, incomings Oct 94\k\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bto)\b\i bear witness to.\p\B3\b \Besp. Brit.\b \IMil.\i \Ihist.\i \Ba\b \Iintr.\i declare oneself willing to serve if called upon. \Bb\b \Itr.\i recruit by putting on oath to serve if called upon. \Battestable\b \Iadj.\i \Battestor\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Iattester\i from Latin \Iattestari\i (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \Itestis\i 'witness')\c
<hw>attestation</hw> \K/atE"steIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act of attesting.\p\B2\b a testimony. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iattestation\i or Late Latin \Iattestatio\i (as \J\Xattest\x,\j \J\X-ation\x)\j\c
<hw>Attic</hw> \K/"atIk/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i of or relating to ancient Athens or Attica, or the form of Greek spoken there.\p\In.\i\p\ILanguage\i the form of Greek used by the ancient Athenians. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \IAtticus\i from Greek \IAttikos\i\c
<hw>attic</hw> \K/"atIk/\k\p\In.\i\p\IArchit\i\p\B1\b the uppermost storey in a house, usu. under the roof.\p\B2\b a room in the attic area. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iattique,\i as \J\XAttic\x:\j originally \I(Archit.)\i a small order (column and entablature) above a taller one\c
<hw>atticism</hw> \K/"atIsIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b extreme elegance of speech.\p\B2\b an instance of this. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \IAttikismos\i (as \J\XAttic\x,\j \J\X-ism\x)\j\c
<hw>attire</hw> \K/\F'\n"tVI\F'\n/\k \Iv. & n.\i \IClothing\i \Iformal\i \Iv.tr.\i dress, esp. in fine clothes or formal wear.\p\In.\i\pclothes, esp. fine or formal. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iatir(i)er\i 'equip' from \Iα tire\i 'in order', of unknown origin\c
<hw>attitude</hw> \K/"atItju:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a settled opinion or (also \Battitude of mind)\b way of thinking. \Bb\b behaviour reflecting this \3(I don't like his attitude).\c\p\B2\b \Ba\b a bodily posture. \Bb\b a pose adopted in a painting or a play, esp. for dramatic effect \3(strike an attitude).\c\p\B3\b \IAeron\i the position of an aircraft, spacecraft, etc., in relation to specified directions.\p\B4\b \Besp. N. Amer.\b \Islang\i \Ba\b truculence; a lack of cooperation; arrogance.\Ksense 4a new in COD9 f. COD box Jul 93\k \Bb\b style, swagger.\Ksense 4b new in COD9 f. News Feb 94\k \Battitudinal\b \K/atI"tju:dIn(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French via Italian \Iattitudine\i 'fitness, posture', from Late Latin \Iaptitudo -dinis\i from \Iaptus\i 'fit'\c
<hw>attitudinize</hw> \K/atI"tju:dInVIz/\k \Iv.intr.\i (also \B-ise)\b\p\B1\b practise or adopt attitudes, esp. for effect.\p\B2\b speak, write, or behave affectedly. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian \Iattitudine\i from Late Latin (as \J\Xattitude\x)\j + \J\X-ize\x\j\c
<hw>attn.</hw> \Iabbr.\i\p\B1\b attention.\p\B2\b for the attention of.
<hw>atto-</hw> \K/"at\F'\nU/\k \Icomb. form\i \IMath.\i denoting a factor of 10-18 \3(attometre).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Danish or Norwegian \Iatten\i 'eighteen' + \J\X-o-\x\j\c
<hw>attorney</hw> \K/\F'\n"t\F'\n:ni/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-eys)\b \ILaw\i\p\B1\b a person, esp. a lawyer, appointed to act for another in business or legal matters.\p\B2\b \BUS\b a qualified lawyer, esp. one representing a client in a law court. \Battorneyship\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \IatornΘ,\i past part. of \Iatorner\i 'assign', from \Iα\i 'to' + \Itorner\i 'turn'\c
<hw>Attorney-General</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i the chief legal officer in England, the US, and other countries.
<hw>attract</hw> \K/\F'\n"trakt/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \I(also \Babsol.)\b\i draw or bring to oneself or itself \3(attracts many admirers;\c \2attracts attention).\c\p\B2\b be attractive to; fascinate.\p\B3\b \IPhysics\i (of a magnet, gravity, etc.) exert a pull on (an object). \Battractable\b \Iadj.\i \Battractor\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iattrahere\i (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \Itrahere tract-\i 'draw')\c
<hw>attractant</hw> \K/\F'\n"trakt(\F'\n)nt/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a substance which attracts (esp. insects). \Iadj.\i attracting.
<hw>attraction</hw> \K/\F'\n"trakS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the act or power of attracting \3(the attraction of foreign travel).\c \Bb\b a person or thing that attracts by arousing interest \3(the fair is a big attraction).\c\p\B2\b \IPhysics\i the force by which bodies attract or approach each other \I(opp.\i \J\Xrepulsion\x).\j\p\B3\b \IGram.\i the influence exerted by one word on another which causes it to change to an incorrect form, e.g. \Ithe wages of sin is\i (for \Iare)\i \Ideath.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iattraction\i or Latin \Iattractio\i (as \J\Xattract\x,\j \J\X-ion\x)\j\c
<hw>attractive</hw> \K/\F'\n"traktIv/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b attracting or capable of attracting; interesting \3(an attractive proposition).\c\p\B2\b aesthetically pleasing or appealing. \Battractively\b \Iadv.\i \Battractiveness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Iattractif -ive\i from Late Latin \Iattractivus\i (as \J\Xattract\x,\j \J\X-ive\x)\j\c
<hw>attribute</hw> \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.tr.\i \K/\F'\n"trIbju:t/\k \I(foll. by \Bto)\b\i\p\B1\b ascribe to or regard as the effect of (a stated cause) \3(the delays were attributed to the heavy traffic).\c\p\B2\b regard as having been created or originated by \3(a poem attributed to Shakespeare).\c\p\B3\b regard as characteristic of; regard as possessing or having \3(attributed magical powers to their gods;\c \2he attributes particular significance to their absence).\c\Ksense 3 new in COD9 f. NSOED, corpus Jul 93\k\p\In.\i\p\K/"atrIbju:t/\k\p\B1\b \Ba\b a quality ascribed to a person or thing. \Bb\b a characteristic quality.\p\B2\b a material object recognized as appropriate to a person, office, or status \3(a large car is an attribute of seniority).\c\p\B3\b \IGram.\i an attributive adjective or noun. \Battributable\b \K/\F'\n"trIbjUt\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Battribution\b \K/atrI"bju:S(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Iattribuere attribut-\i (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \Itribuere\i 'assign'): the noun from Old French \Iattribut\i or Latin \Iattributum\i\c
<hw>attributive</hw> \K/\F'\n"trIbjUtIv/\k \Iadj.\i \IGram.\i (of an adjective or noun) preceding the word it qualifies or modifies and expressing an attribute, as \Iold\i in \Ithe old dog\i (but not in \Ithe dog is old)\i and \Iexpiry\i in \Iexpiry date\i \I(opp.\i \J\Xpredicative\x 1).\j \Battributively\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iattributif -ive\i (as \J\Xattribute\x,\j \J\X-ive\x)\j\c
<hw>attrit</hw> \K/\F'\n"trIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(attritted,\b \Battritting)\b \BUS\b \IMil.\i \Icolloq.\i wear down (an opponent or enemy) by sustained action.\Knew word in COD9 f. OMED, NSOED Jul 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3back-formation from \J\Xattrition\x\j\c
<hw>attrition</hw> \K/\F'\n"trIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the act or process of gradually wearing out, esp. by friction. \Bb\b abrasion.\p\B2\b \ITheol.\i sorrow for sin, falling short of contrition.\p\B3\b \Besp. N. Amer.\b & \BAustral.\b \ICommerce\i = \J\Xwastage\x 3.\j\K3 new f. SOED, K. Barker Aug 93\k \Battritional\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Late Latin \Iattritio,\i from \Iatterere attrit-\i 'rub'\c
<hw>attune</hw> \K/\F'\n"tju:n/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bto)\b\i adjust (a person or thing) to a situation.\p\B2\b \IMus\i bring (an orchestra, instrument, etc.) into musical accord. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xat-\x\j + \J\Xtune\x\j\c
<hw>Atty.</hw> \Iabbr.\i \ILaw\i Attorney.
<hw>atypical</hw> \K/eI"tIpIk(\F'\n)l/, /a-/\k \Iadj.\i not typical; not conforming to a type. \Batypically\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>AU</hw> \Iabbr.\i\p\B1\b (also \Bau.)\b \IAstron\i astronomical unit.\p\B2\b \IPhysics\i σngstr÷m unit.
<hw>Au</hw> \Isymb.\i \IChem.\i the element gold. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iaurum\i\c
<hw>aubade</hw> \K/\F'\nU"bA:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMus. etc.\i a poem or piece of music appropriate to the dawn or early morning. \BEtymology:\b \3French from Spanish \Ialbada,\i from \Ialba\i 'dawn'\c
\B\Iauberge\b\i \K/\F'\nU"bE:Z/, French /obErZ/\k\p\In.\i\pan inn. \BEtymology:\b \3French, from Provenτal \Ialberga\i 'lodging'\c
<hw>aubergine</hw> \K/"\F'\nUb\F'\nZi:n/\k \In. & adj.\i \Besp. Brit.\b\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBot\i a tropical plant, Solanum melongena, having erect or spreading branches bearing white or purple egg-shaped fruit; \Ialso called\i \J\Xeggplant\x.\j\p\B2\b \IFood\i this fruit eaten as a vegetable.\p\B3\b the dark purple colour of this fruit. \Iadj.\i of the colour of the aubergine; dark purple.\Kadj. new f. SOED Oct 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3French via Catalan \Ialberginia,\i Arabic \Ial-badinjan,\i and Persian \Ibadingan\i from Sanskrit \Ivatimgana\i\c
<hw>aubrietia</hw> \K/O:"bri:S\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i (also \Baubretia)\b a dwarf perennial rock plant of the genus \IAubrieta,\i having purple or pink flowers in spring. \BEtymology:\b \3alteration of modern Latin, named after Claude \IAubriet,\i French botanist d. 1743\c Note that the correct spelling of the Latin name is \IAubrieta.\i
<hw>auburn</hw> \K/"O:b\F'\nn/, /-b\F'\n:n/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i (usu. of a person's hair) of a reddish-brown colour.\p\In.\i\pthis colour.\Kn. new f. corpus Oct 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, originally 'yellowish white', via Old French \Iauborne,\i \Ialborne,\i from Latin \Ialburnus\i 'whitish', from \Ialbus\i 'white'\c
<schw>auc</schw> \Iabbr.\i \IHorol\i (of a date) from the foundation of the city (of Rome). \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iab urbe condita\i\c
<hw>au courant</hw> \K/\F'\nU kU"rQ~/\k \Ipredic.adj.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bwith,\b \Bof)\b\i knowing what is going on; well informed. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = in the (regular) course\c
<hw>auction</hw> \K/"O:kS(\F'\n)n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a sale of goods, usu. in public, in which articles are sold to the highest bidder.\p\B2\b the sequence of bids made at auction bridge. \Iv.tr.\i sell by auction. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iauctio\i 'increase, auction' from \Iaugere auct-\i 'increase'\c
<hw>auction bridge</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBridge\i a form of bridge in which players bid for the right to name trumps.
<hw>auctioneer</hw> \K/O:kS\F'\n"nI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pa person who conducts auctions professionally, by calling for bids and declaring goods sold. \Bauctioneering\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>auction house</hw>\p\In.\i\pa company that runs auction sales.\Knew f. corpus Dec 93\k
<hw>auction room</hw>\p\In.\i\p\I(often in \Bpl.)\b\i the premises where auction sales take place.\Knew f. corpus Dec 93\k
<hw>auction sale</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i = \J\Xauction\x\p\In.\i\p1.\j\Knew f. corpus Dec 93\k
<hw>audible</hw> \K/"O:dIb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i capable of being heard. \Baudibility\b \K/-"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Baudibleness\b\p\In.\i\p\Baudibly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Iaudibilis\i from \Iaudire\i 'hear'\c
<hw>audience</hw> \K/"O:dI\F'\nns/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the assembled listeners or spectators at an event, esp. a stage performance, concert, etc. \Bb\b the people addressed by a film, book, play, etc.\p\B2\b a formal interview with a person in authority.\p\B3\b \Iarchaic\i a hearing \3(give audience to my plea).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Iaudientia,\i from \Iaudire\i 'hear'\c
<hw>audile</hw> \K/"O:dVIl/\k \Iadj.\i of or referring to the sense of hearing. \BEtymology:\b \3formed irregularly from Latin \Iaudire\i 'hear', on the pattern of \Itactile\i\c
<hw>audio</hw> \K/"O:dI\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(usu. \Battrib.)\b\i \IPhysics\i sound or the reproduction of sound. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xaudio-\x\j\c
<hw>audiotape</hw> \K/"O:dI\F'\n(U)teIp/\k \In. & v.\i \IElectronics\i\p\In.\i\p(also \Baudio tape)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b magnetic tape on which sound can be recorded. \Bb\b a length of this, esp. an audio cassette.\p\B2\b a sound recording on tape. \Iv.tr.\i record (sound, speech, etc.) on tape.
<hw>audio typist</hw>\p\In.\i\pa person who types direct from a recording.
<hw>audio-visual</hw> \K/O:dI\F'\nU"vIZjU\F'\nl/, /-"vIzjU\F'\nl/\k \Iadj.\i \IEducation\i (esp. of teaching methods) using both sight and sound.
<hw>audit</hw> \K/"O:dIt/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ICommerce\i an official examination of accounts.\p\B2\b a systematic review \3(safety audit).\c\Ksense 2 new f. SOED Dec 93\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(audited,\b \Bauditing)\b\p\B1\b \ICommerce\i conduct an audit of.\p\B2\b \BN. Amer.\b \IEducation\i attend (a class) informally, without working for credits. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Iauditus\i 'hearing', from \Iaudire audit-\i 'hear'\c
<hw>audition</hw> \K/O:"dIS(\F'\n)n/\k \In. & v.\i \ITheatr\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an interview for a role as a singer, actor, dancer, etc., consisting of a practical demonstration of suitability.\p\B2\b the power of hearing or listening.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i interview (a candidate) at an audition.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i be interviewed at an audition. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iaudition\i or Latin \Iauditio,\i from \Iaudire audit-\i 'hear'\c
<hw>auditor</hw> \K/"O:dIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ICommerce\i a person who conducts an audit.\p\B2\b a listener.\p\B3\b \BN. Amer.\b \IEducation\i a person who audits a class.\Ksense 3 new f. kpb, incomings Sep 94\k \Bauditorial\b \K/-"tO:rI\F'\nl/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Anglo-French \Iauditour\i from Latin \Iauditor -oris\i (as \J\Xauditive\x,\j \J\X-or\x (1))\j\c
<hw>auditorium</hw> \K/O:dI"tO:rI\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bauditoriums\b or \Bauditoria\b \K/-rI\F'\n/\k)\p\B1\b \ITheatr\i the part of a theatre etc. in which the audience sits.\p\B2\b \BN. Amer.\b a large room, esp. a school hall.\Ksense 2 new f. kpb, incomings Sep 94\k\p\B3\b \BN. Amer.\b a building incorporating a large hall for public gatherings, sports events, etc.\Ksense 3 new f. kpb, incomings Sep 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, neut. of \Iauditorius\i \I(adj.):\i see \J\Xauditory\x,\j \J\X-orium\x\j\c
<hw>auditory</hw> \K/"O:dIt(\F'\n)ri/\k \Iadj.\i \IPhysics\i\p\B1\b concerned with hearing.\p\B2\b received by the ear. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iauditorius\i (as \J\Xauditor\x,\j \J\X-ory\x (2))\j\c
<hw>AUEW</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IEngin Polit\i (in the UK) Amalgamated Union of Engineering Workers.
<hw>au fait</hw> \K/\F'\nU "feI/\k \Ipredic.adj.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bwith)\b\i having current knowledge; conversant \3(fully au fait with the arrangements).\c\p\1put (or make) au fait with\c \Besp. Brit.\b instruct in. \BEtymology:\b \3French, literally 'to the fact, to the point'\c
\B\Iau fond\b\i \K/\F'\nU "fQ~/, French /o fO~/\k \Iadv.\i basically; at bottom. \BEtymology:\b \3French\c
<hw>Aug.</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IHorol\i August.
<hw>Augean</hw> \K/O:"dZi:\F'\nn/\k \Iadj.\i \Iliterary\i filthy; extremely dirty. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \IAugeas\i from Greek \IAugeias\i (in Greek mythology, the owner of stables which Hercules cleaned by diverting a river through them)\c
<hw>auger</hw> \K/"O:g\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICarpentry etc.\i\p\B1\b a tool resembling a large corkscrew, for boring holes in wood.\p\B2\b a similar larger tool for boring holes in the ground. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Inafogar\i from \Inafu\i \J\Xnave\x (2),\j + \Igar\i 'pierce': for loss of \In\i cf. \J\Xadder\x\j\c
<hw>aught (1)</hw> \K/O:t/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bought)\b \I(usu. implying \Bneg.)\b\i \Iarchaic\i anything at all. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iawiht,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>aught (2)</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xought\x (2).\j
<hw>augite</hw> \K/"O:dZVIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMineral.\i a dark green or black mineral of the pyroxene group, occurring in many igneous rocks. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iaugites\i from Greek \Iaugites,\i from \Iauge\i 'lustre'\c
<hw>augment</hw> \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.tr. & intr.\i \K/O:g"mEnt/\k make or become greater; increase.\p\In.\i\p\K/"O:gm(\F'\n)nt/\k \IGram.\i a vowel prefixed to the past tenses in the older Indo-European languages. \Baugmenter\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iaugment\i \I(n.),\i French \Iaugmenter\i \I(v.),\i or Late Latin \Iaugmentum,\i \Iaugmentare\i from Latin \Iaugere\i 'increase'\c
<hw>augmentation</hw> \K/O:gmEn"teIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b enlargement; growth; increase.\p\B2\b \IMus.\i the lengthening of the time values of notes in melodic parts. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via French from Late Latin \Iaugmentatio -onis\i from \Iaugmentare\i (as \J\Xaugment\x)\j\c
<hw>augmentative</hw> \K/O:g"mEnt\F'\ntIv/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b having the property of increasing.\p\B2\b \IGram.\i (of an affix or derived word) reinforcing the idea of the original word. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iaugmentatif -ive\i or medieval Latin \Iaugmentativus\i (as \J\Xaugment\x)\j\c
<hw>augmented interval</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMus.\i a perfect or major interval that is increased by a semitone.
<hw>au gratin</hw> \K/\F'\nU "gratan/\k \Iadj.\i \ICookery\i sprinkled with breadcrumbs or grated cheese and browned. \BEtymology:\b \3French from \Igratter,\i = by grating, from \J\Xgrate\x (1)\j\c
<hw>augur</hw> \K/"O:g\F'\n/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i (of an event, circumstance, etc.) suggest a specified outcome (usu. \Baugur well\b or \Bill);\b portend, bode \3(all augured well for our success).\c\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b foresee, predict. \Bb\b portend.\p\In.\i\p\IAntiq Rom.Hist\i \Ihist.\i an ancient Roman religious official who observed natural signs, esp. the behaviour of birds, interpreting these as an indication of divine approval or disapproval of a proposed action. \Baugural\b \K/"O:gjUr(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin\c
<hw>augury</hw> \K/"O:gjUri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b an omen; a portent.\p\B2\b the work of an augur; the interpretation of omens. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iaugurie\i or Latin \Iaugurium\i from \J\Xaugur\x\j\c
<hw>August</hw> \K/"O:g\F'\nst/\k\p\In.\i\p\IHorol\i the eighth month of the year. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English from Latin \IAugustus\i Caesar, the first Roman emperor\c
<hw>august</hw> \K/O:"gVst/\k \Iadj.\i inspiring reverence and admiration; venerable, impressive. \Baugustly\b \Iadv.\i \Baugustness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Iauguste\i or Latin \Iaugustus\i 'consecrated, venerable'\c
<hw>Augustan</hw> \K/O:"gVst(\F'\n)n/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b connected with, occurring during, or influenced by the reign of the Roman emperor Augustus, esp. as an outstanding period of Latin literature.\p\B2\b \ILiterature\i (of a nation's literature) refined and classical in style (in England of the literature of the 17th-18th c.).\p\In.\i\p\ILiterature\i a writer of the Augustan age of any literature. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \IAugustanus\i from \IAugustus\i\c
<hw>Augustine</hw> \K/O:"gVstIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i an Augustinian friar. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iaugustin\i from Latin \IAugustinus\i \J\XAugustinian\x\j\c
<hw>Augustinian</hw> \K/O:g\F'\n"stInI\F'\nn/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IRelig\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of or relating to St Augustine, a Doctor of the Church (d. 430), or his doctrines.\p\B2\b belonging to a religious order observing a rule derived from St Augustine's writings.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an adherent of the doctrines of St Augustine.\p\B2\b a member of an Augustinian order. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \IAugustinus\i 'Augustine'\c
<hw>auk</hw> \K/O:k/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i any marine diving bird of the family Alcidae, native to the northern oceans, with heavy body, short wings, and black and white plumage, e.g. the guillemot, puffin, and razorbill. \BEtymology:\b \3Old Norse \Ißlka\i\c
<hw>auklet</hw> \K/"O:klIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i any of several small auks mainly of the N. Pacific.\Knew f. Collins, NSOED\k
<hw>auld</hw> \K/O:ld/, /A:ld/\k \Iadj.\i \BSc.\b old. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iald,\i Anglian form of \J\Xold\x\j\c
<hw>auld lang syne</hw> \K/O:ld laN "sVIn/\k\p\In.\i\ptimes long past. \BEtymology:\b \3Scots, = old long since: also as the title and refrain of a song\c
<hw>aumbry</hw> \K/"O:mbri/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bambry\b \K/"ambri/\k) \I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \IRelig\i a small recess in the wall of a church.\p\B2\b \Ihist.\i a small cupboard. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ialmarie,\i \Iarmarie\i (modern \Iarmoire)\i from Latin \Iarmarium\i 'closet, chest', from \Iarma\i 'utensils'\c
<hw>au naturel</hw> \K/%\F'\nU natjU"rEl/\k \Ipredic.adj. & adv.\i\p\B1\b \ICookery\i uncooked; (cooked) in the most natural or simplest way.\p\B2\b in its natural state.\Ksense 2 new f. corpus Dec 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3French, = in the natural state\c
<hw>aunt</hw> \K/A:nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGenealogy\i\p\B1\b the sister of one's father or mother.\p\B2\b an uncle's wife.\p\B3\b \Icolloq.\i an unrelated woman friend of a child or children.\p\1my (or my sainted etc.) aunt\c \Besp. Brit.\b \Islang\i an exclamation of surprise, disbelief, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Anglo-French \Iaunte,\i Old French \Iante,\i from Latin \Iamita\i\c
<hw>auntie</hw> \K/"A:nti/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Baunty)\b \I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IGenealogy\i \Icolloq.\i\p\B1\b = \J\Xaunt\x.\j\p\B2\b \B(Auntie)\b \BBrit.\b an institution considered to be conservative or cautious, esp. the BBC.
<hw>Aunt Sally</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b\p\B1\b \IGames\i a game in which players throw sticks or balls at a wooden dummy.\p\B2\b the object of unreasonable attack.
<hw>au pair</hw> \K/\F'\nU "pE:/\k\p\In.\i\pa young foreign person, esp. a woman, helping with housework etc. in exchange for room, board, and pocket money, esp. as a means of learning a language. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = on equal terms: earlier as adj. denoting payment by mutual services\c
<hw>aura</hw> \K/"O:r\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Baurae\b \K/-ri:/\k or \Bauras)\b\p\B1\b the distinctive atmosphere diffused by or attending a person, place, etc.\p\B2\b (in mystic or spiritualistic use) a supposed subtle emanation, visible as a sphere of white or coloured light, surrounding the body of a living creature.\p\B3\b a subtle emanation or aroma from flowers etc.\p\B4\b \IMed.\i premonitory symptom(s) in epilepsy etc. \Baural\b \Iadj.\i \Bauric\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Latin from Greek, = breeze, breath\c
<hw>aural</hw> \K/"O:r(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \IAnat\i of or relating to or received by the ear. \Baurally\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iauris\i 'ear'\c \IAural\i is sometimes pronounced \K/"aUr(\F'\n)l/\k (the first syllable rhyming with \Icow),\i in order to distinguish it from \Ioral.\i Some people regard this as incorrect.
<hw>aureate</hw> \K/"O:rI\F'\nt/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b golden, gold-coloured.\p\B2\b resplendent.\p\B3\b \IPhilol\i (of language) highly ornamented. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Late Latin \Iaureatus\i from Latin \Iaureus\i 'golden', from \Iaurum\i 'gold'\c
<hw>aureole</hw> \K/"O:rI\F'\nUl/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Baureola\b \K/O:"rI\F'\nl\F'\n/\k)\p\B1\b \IRelig\i a halo or circle of light, esp. round the head or body of a portrayed religious figure.\p\B2\b \IAstron\i a corona round the sun or moon. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Iaureola\i \I(corona)\i 'golden (crown)', fem. of \Iaureolus\i (diminutive of \Iaureus)\i from \Iaurum\i 'gold': \Iaureole\i via Old French from Latin \Iaureola\i\c
<hw>au revoir</hw> \K/\F'\nU r\F'\n"vwA:/\k \Iint. & n.\i goodbye (until we meet again). \BEtymology:\b \3French, literally 'to the seeing again'\c
<hw>auric</hw> \K/"O:rIk/\k \Iadj.\i \IMineral\i of or relating to trivalent gold. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iaurum\i 'gold'\c
<hw>auricle</hw> \K/"O:rIk(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnat.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a small muscular pouch on the surface of each atrium of the heart. \Bb\b the atrium itself.\p\B2\b the external part of the ear; the pinna.\p\B3\b an appendage shaped like the ear. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xauricula\x\j\c
<hw>auricula</hw> \K/O:"rIkjUl\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a primula, Primula auricula, with leaves shaped like bears' ears. \IAlso called\i \Ibear's ear.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, diminutive of \Iauris\i 'ear'\c
<hw>auricular</hw> \K/O:"rIkjUl\F'\n/\k \Iadj.\i \IAnat\i\p\B1\b of or relating to the ear or hearing.\p\B2\b of or relating to the auricle of the heart.\p\B3\b shaped like an auricle.\K-ly omitted\k \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Iauricularis\i (as \J\Xauricula\x)\j\c
<hw>auriculate</hw> \K/O:"rIkjUl\F'\nt/\k \Iadj.\i \IAnat\i having one or more auricles or ear-shaped appendages. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin\c
<hw>Aurignacian</hw> \K/O:rI"njeIS(\F'\n)n/, /-Ig"neI-/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IArchaeol\i \Iadj.\i of or relating to a palaeolithic culture in Europe and the Near East, following the Mousterian and dated to \Ic\i 34,000-29,000 bc.\p\In.\i\pthis culture. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IAurignacien\i from \IAurignac\i in SW France, where remains were found\c
<hw>aurochs</hw> \K/"O:rQks/, /"aU-/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i same) \IZool\i an extinct wild ox, Bos primigenius, ancestor of domestic cattle and formerly native to many parts of the world. \IAlso called\i \Iurus.\i \BEtymology:\b \3German from Old High German \Iurohso\i from \Iur-\i 'urus' + \Iohso\i 'ox'\c
<hw>aurora</hw> \K/O:"rO:r\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bauroras\b or \Baurorae\b \K/-ri:/\k)\p\B1\b \IAstron\i a luminous electrical atmospheric phenomenon, usu. of streamers of light in the sky above the northern or southern magnetic pole.\p\B2\b \Ipoet.\i the dawn. \Bauroral\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = dawn, goddess of dawn\c
<hw>aurora australis</hw> \K/O:"streIlIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAstron\i the aurora of the southern regions. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iaustralis\i 'southern': see \J\Xaustral\x\j\c
<hw>aurora borealis</hw> \K/bO:rI"eIlIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAstron\i the aurora of the northern regions. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iborealis\i 'northern': see \J\Xboreal\x\j\c
<hw>auscultation</hw> \K/O:sk(\F'\n)l"teIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i the act of listening, esp. to sounds from the heart, lungs, etc., as a part of medical diagnosis. \Bauscultatory\b \K/-"skVlt\F'\nt(\F'\n)ri/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iauscultatio\i from \Iauscultare\i 'listen to'\c
<hw>auspice</hw> \K/"O:spIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i patronage (esp. in phr. \Bunder the auspices of).\b\p\B2\b a forecast. \BEtymology:\b \3originally 'observation of bird-flight in divination': French \Iauspice\i or Latin \Iauspicium,\i from \Iauspex\i 'observer of birds' from \Iavis\i 'bird'\c
<hw>auspicious</hw> \K/O:"spIS\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of good omen; favourable.\p\B2\b prosperous. \Bauspiciously\b \Iadv.\i \Bauspiciousness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xauspice\x\j + \J\X-ous\x\j\c
<hw>austere</hw> \K/Q"stI\F'\n/, /O:-/\k \Iadj.\i \B(austerer,\b \Bausterest)\b\p\B1\b severely simple.\p\B2\b morally strict.\p\B3\b harsh, stern. \Bausterely\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French and Latin \Iausterus\i from Greek \Iausteros\i 'severe'\c
<hw>austerity</hw> \K/Q"stErIti/, /O:-/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b sternness; moral severity.\p\B2\b severe simplicity, e.g. of nationwide economies.\p\B3\b \I(esp. in \Bpl.)\b\i an austere practice \3(the austerities of a monk's life).\c
<hw>Austin</hw> \K/"QstIn/, /"O:-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i = \J\XAugustinian\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3contraction of \J\XAugustine\x\j\c
<hw>austral</hw> \K/"Qstr(\F'\n)l/, /"O:-/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b southern.\p\B2\b \B(Austral)\b of Australia or Australasia \3(Austral English).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Iaustralis,\i from \IAuster\i 'south wind'\c
<hw>Australasian</hw> \K/Qstr\F'\n"leIZ(\F'\n)n/, /-S(\F'\n)n/, /O:-/\k \Iadj.\i \IPeople\i of or relating to Australasia, a region consisting of Australia and islands of the SW Pacific. \BEtymology:\b \3\IAustralasia\i from French \IAustralasie,\i as \IAustralia\i + \IAsia\i\c
<hw>Australian</hw> \K/Q"streIlI\F'\nn/, /O:-/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\IPeople\i\p\B1\b a native or national of Australia.\p\B2\b a person of Australian descent. \Iadj.\i of or relating to Australia. \BAustralianism\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Iaustralien\i from Latin (as \J\Xaustral\x)\j\c
<hw>Australian bear</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a koala bear.
<hw>Australian Rules</hw>\p\In.\i\p(in full \BAustralian Rules football)\b \IFootball\i a form of football played with an oval ball on an oval pitch by teams of 18. \IAlso called\i \IAustralian National Football.\i
<hw>Australian salmon</hw> \Isee\i \J\Xsalmon\x 2a.\j\Knew as hwd Aug 94\k
<hw>Australian terrier</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a wire-haired Australian breed of terrier.
<hw>Australopithecus</hw> \K/%Qstr\F'\nl\F'\nU"pITIk\F'\ns/, /%O:-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool Archaeol\i an extinct bipedal primate of the genus \IAustralopithecus,\i having apelike and human characteristics, found fossilized in Africa. \Baustralopithecine\b \K/-Isi:n/\k \In. & adj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin, from Latin \Iaustralis\i 'southern' + Greek \Ipithekos\i 'ape'\c
<hw>Austrian</hw> \K/"QstrI\F'\nn/, /"O:-/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a native or national of Austria.\p\B2\b a person of Austrian descent. \Iadj.\i of or relating to Austria.
<hw>Austro- (2)</hw> \K/"Qstr\F'\nU/, /"O:-/\k \Icomb. form\i \IPolit\i Australian; Australian and \3(Austro-Asiatic).\c\Knew in COD9 from NSOED Feb 94\k
<hw>Austronesian</hw> \K/Qstr\F'\n(U)"ni:zj\F'\nn/, /-Z(\F'\n)n/, /O:-/\k \In. & adj.\i \ILanguage\i\p\In.\i\pa family of agglutinative languages spoken widely in Malaysia, Indonesia, and other parts of SE Asia, and in the islands of the central and southern Pacific. \Iadj.\i of or relating to this language family.\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED Jul 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3German \Iaustronesisch,\i from Latin \Iaustralis\i 'southern' + \J\X-o-\x\j + Greek \Inesos\i 'island'\c
<hw>AUT</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IEducation\i (in the UK) Association of University Teachers.
<hw>autarchy</hw> \K/"O:tA:ki/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IPolit\i\p\B1\b absolute sovereignty.\p\B2\b despotism.\p\B3\b an autarchic country or society. \Bautarchic\b \K/O:"tA:kIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Bautarchical\b \K/O:"tA:kIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \Iautarchia\i (as \J\Xauto-\x,\j Greek \I-arkhia\i from \Iarkho\i 'rule')\c
<hw>autarky</hw> \K/"O:tA:ki/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IPolit\i\p\B1\b self-sufficiency, esp. as an economic system.\p\B2\b a state etc. run according to such a system. \Bautarkic\b \K/O:"tA:kIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Bautarkical\b \K/O:"tA:kIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Bautarkist\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iautarkeia\i (as \J\Xauto-\x,\j \Iarkeo\i 'suffice')\c
<hw>auteur</hw> \K/\F'\nU"t\F'\n:/, /O:-/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICinematog\i a film director who has such great influence on his or her films that he or she ranks as their author.\Knew f. SOED, corpus Dec 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3French, = author\c
<hw>authentic</hw> \K/O:"TEntIk/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b of undisputed origin; genuine. \Bb\b reliable or trustworthy.\p\B2\b \IMus.\i (of a mode) containing notes between the final and an octave higher (cf. \J\Xplagal\x).\j \Bauthentically\b \Iadv.\i \Bauthenticity\b \K/O:TEn"tIsIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iautentique\i and Late Latin \Iauthenticus\i from Greek \Iauthentikos\i 'principal, genuine'\c
<hw>authenticate</hw> \K/O:"TEntIkeIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b establish the truth or genuineness of.\p\B2\b validate. \Bauthentication\b \K/-"keIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bauthenticator\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Iauthenticare\i from Late Latin \Iauthenticus:\i see \J\Xauthentic\x\j\c
<hw>author</hw> \K/"O:T\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\I(fem.\i \Bauthoress\b \K/"O:TrIs/, /O:T\F'\n"rEs/\k)\p\B1\b \ILiterature\i a writer, esp. of books.\p\B2\b the originator of an event, a condition, etc. \3(the author of all my woes).\c \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \Idisp.\i be the author of (a book, article, etc.).\p\B2\b be the originator of (an idea, condition, circumstance, etc.); bring about. \Bauthorial\b \K/O:"TO:rI\F'\nl/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Anglo-French \Iautour,\i Old French \Iautor\i from Latin \Iauctor,\i from \Iaugere auct-\i 'increase, originate, promote'\c \IAuthor\i can be used of both male and female writers and many women writers prefer it to \Iauthoress.\i The use of the verb \Iauthor\i as a mere synonym for \Iwrite\i (as in \Ihe authored several books on the subject)\i is deplored by many people, although \Iauthor\i is different from \Iwrite\i in that it implies publication of the text produced. In addition, \Iauthor\i is often used in contexts where the person or people responsible for the text (often a committee) did not actually write it themselves, and where the thing written is a report, article, or document, rather than a book, e.g. \IThe chairperson of the commission that authored the report referred to it several times in her speech.\iIn the terminology of computing, \Iauthoring\i is used to mean the creation of programs, databases, etc., as in the phrases \Iauthoring system,\i \Iauthoring package,\i or \Iauthoring tool.\iUnlike \Iauthor,\i \Ico-author\i is generally acceptable as a verb.
<hw>authoring</hw> \K/"O:T\F'\nrIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\IComputing\i the creation of programs, databases, etc. for computer applications such as computer-assisted learning or multimedia products.\Knew f. corpus, incomings Sept 94\k
<hw>authoritarian</hw> \K/O:TQrI"tE:rI\F'\nn/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b favouring, encouraging, or enforcing strict obedience to authority, as opposed to individual freedom.\p\B2\b tyrannical or domineering.\p\In.\i\pa person favouring absolute obedience to a constituted authority. \Bauthoritarianism\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>authoritative</hw> \K/O:"TQrIt\F'\ntIv/, /-teItIv/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b being recognized as true or dependable.\p\B2\b (of a person, behaviour, etc.) commanding or self-confident.\p\B3\b official; supported by authority \3(an authoritative document).\c \Bauthoritatively\b \Iadv.\i \Bauthoritativeness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>authority</hw> \K/O:"TQrIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b the power or right to enforce obedience. \Bb\b \I(often foll. by \Bfor,\b or \Bto\b + infin.)\i delegated power.\p\B2\b \I(esp. in \Bpl.)\b\i a person or body having authority, esp. political or administrative.\p\B3\b \Ba\b an influence exerted on opinion because of recognized knowledge or expertise. \Bb\b such an influence expressed in a book, quotation, etc. \Bc\b a person whose opinion is accepted, esp. an expert in a subject \3(an authority on vintage cars).\c\p\B4\b the weight of evidence. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \IautoritΘ\i from Latin \Iauctoritas,\i from \Iauctor:\i see \J\Xauthor\x\j\c
<hw>authorize</hw> \K/"O:T\F'\nrVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b\p\B1\b sanction.\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bto\b +infin.)\i \Ba\b give authority. \Bb\b commission (a person or body) \3(authorized to trade).\c \Bauthorization\b \K/O:T\F'\nrVI"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iautoriser\i and medieval Latin \Iauctorizare\i from \Iauctor:\i see \J\Xauthor\x\j\c
<hw>Authorized Version</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Besp. Brit.\b \IRelig\i an English translation of the Bible made in 1611 and still widely used. \IAlso called\i \IKing James Bible.\i
<hw>authorship</hw> \K/"O:T\F'\nSIp/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ILiterature\i the origin of a book or other written work \3(of unknown authorship).\c\p\B2\b the occupation of writing.
<hw>autism</hw> \K/"O:tIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPsychol.\i a mental condition, usu. present from childhood, characterized by complete self-absorption and a reduced ability to respond to or communicate with the outside world. \Bautistic\b \K/O:"tIstIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \Iautismus\i (as \J\Xauto-\x,\j \J\X-ism\x)\j\c
<hw>auto</hw> \K/"O:t\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b \I(usu. \Battrib.)\b\i \BN. Amer.\b \ITransport\i \Icolloq.\i a motor car. \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation of \J\Xautomobile\x\j\c
<hw>auto-</hw> \K/"O:t\F'\nU/\k \Icomb. form\i (usu. \Baut-\b before a vowel)\p\B1\b self \3(autism).\c\p\B2\b one's own \3(autobiography).\c\p\B3\b by oneself or spontaneous \3(auto-suggestion).\c\p\B4\b by itself or automatic \3(automobile).\c \BEtymology:\b \3from or on the pattern of Greek \Iauto-,\i from \Iautos\i 'self'\c
<hw>autobahn</hw> \K/"O:t\F'\nbA:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITransport\i a German, Austrian, or Swiss motorway. \BEtymology:\b \3German from \IAuto\i 'motor car' + \IBahn\i 'path, road'\c
<hw>autobiography</hw> \K/O:t\F'\nbVI"Qgr\F'\nfi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \ILiterature\i\p\B1\b a personal account of one's own life, esp. for publication.\p\B2\b this as a process or literary form. \Bautobiographer\b\p\In.\i\p\Bautobiographic\b \K/%O:t\F'\nUbVI\F'\n"grafIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Bautobiographical\b \K/-"grafIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i
<hw>autocar</hw> \K/"O:t\F'\n(U)kA:/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITransport\i \Iarchaic\i a motor vehicle.
<hw>autocephalous</hw> \K/O:t\F'\nU"sEf(\F'\n)l\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i \IRelig\i\p\B1\b (esp. of an Eastern Church) appointing its own head.\p\B2\b (of a bishop, Church, etc.) independent. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iautokephalos\i (as \J\Xauto-\x,\j \Ikephale\i 'head')\c
<hw>autochthon</hw> \K/O:"tQkT(\F'\n)n/, /-T\F'\nUn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bautochthons\b or \Bautochthones\b \K/-T\F'\nni:z/\k) \IAnthropol People\i \I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i the original or earliest known inhabitants of a country; aboriginals.\Kautochthonal, autochthonic omitted Jul 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Greek, = sprung from the earth (as \J\Xauto-\x,\j \Ikhthon,\i \I-onos\i 'earth')\c
<hw>autochthonous</hw> \K/O:"tQkT\F'\nn\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IAnthropol\i indigenous, native.\p\B2\b of independent or local formation.\p\B3\b \IGeol.\i (of a deposit) formed in its present position.\Knew as hwd f. OERD April 94\k
<hw>autoclave</hw> \K/"O:t\F'\nkleIv/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i\p\B1\b a strong vessel used for chemical reactions at high pressures and temperatures.\p\B2\b a sterilizer using high-pressure steam. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xauto-\x\j + Latin \Iclavus\i 'nail' or \Iclavis\i 'key': so called because self-fastening\c
<hw>autocracy</hw> \K/O:"tQkr\F'\nsi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \IPolit\i absolute government by one person.\p\B2\b the power exercised by such a person.\p\B3\b an autocratic country or society. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iautokrateia\i (as \J\Xautocrat\x)\j\c
<hw>autocrat</hw> \K/"O:t\F'\nkrat/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPolit\i an absolute ruler.\p\B2\b a dictatorial person. \Bautocratic\b \K/-"kratIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Bautocratically\b \K/-"kratIk(\F'\n)li/\k \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iautocrate\i from Greek \Iautokrates\i (as \J\Xauto-\x,\j \Ikratos\i 'power')\c
<hw>autocross</hw> \K/"O:t\F'\nUkrQs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMotor Racing\i motor racing across country or on unmade roads. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xautomobile\x\j + \J\Xcross-\x 1\j\c
<hw>autocue</hw> \K/"O:t\F'\nUkju:/\k\p\In.\i\p\Besp. Brit.\b \ITelev\i \Ipropr.\i a device, unseen by the audience, displaying a television script to a speaker or performer as an aid to memory \I(cf.\i \J\Xteleprompter\x).\j
<hw>auto-da-fΘ</hw> \K/%O:t\F'\nUdA:"feI/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bautos-da-fΘ)\b \K/%O:t\F'\nUz-/\k\p\B1\b a sentence of punishment by the Spanish Inquisition.\p\B2\b the execution of such a sentence, esp. the burning of a heretic. \BEtymology:\b \3Portuguese, = act of the faith\c
<hw>autogenous welding</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMetallurgy\i a process of joining metal by melting the edges together, without adding material.
<hw>autogiro</hw> \K/O:t\F'\nU"dZVIr\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bautogyro)\b \I(pl.\i \B-os)\b \IAeron\i a form of aircraft like a small helicopter but with freely rotating horizontal vanes and a propeller. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish (as \J\Xauto-\x,\j \Igiro\i 'gyration')\c
<hw>autograft</hw> \K/"O:t\F'\ngrA:ft/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISurgery\i a graft of tissue from one point to another of the same individual's body.
<hw>autograph</hw> \K/"O:t\F'\ngrA:f/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a signature, esp. that of a celebrity. \Bb\b handwriting.\p\B2\b a manuscript in an author's own handwriting.\p\B3\b a document signed by its author. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b sign (a photograph, autograph album, etc.).\p\B2\b write (a letter etc.) by hand. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iautographe\i or Late Latin \Iautographum\i from Greek \Iautographon,\i neut. of \Iautographos\i (as \J\Xauto-\x,\j \J\X-graph\x)\j\c
<hw>autography</hw> \K/O:"tQgr\F'\nfi/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b writing done with one's own hand.\p\B2\b the facsimile reproduction of writing or illustration. \Bautographic\b \K/-"grafIk/\k \Iadj.\i
<hw>autoharp</hw> \K/"O:t\F'\n(U)hA:p/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMus\i a kind of zither with a mechanical device to allow the playing of chords.
<hw>autoimmune</hw> \K/%O:t\F'\nUI"mju:n/\k \Iadj.\i \IMed.\i (of a disease) caused by antibodies or lymphocytes produced against substances naturally present in the body. \Bautoimmunity\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>autointoxication</hw> \K/%O:t\F'\nUIntQksI"keIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed.\i poisoning by a toxin formed within the body itself.
<hw>autolysis</hw> \K/O:"tQlIsIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiol\i the destruction of cells by their own enzymes. \Bautolytic\b \K/O:t\F'\n"lItIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3German \IAutolyse\i (as \J\Xauto-\x,\j \J\X-lysis\x)\j\c
<hw>automat</hw> \K/"O:t\F'\nmat/\k\p\In.\i\p\BUS\b\p\B1\b a slot machine that dispenses goods.\p\B2\b \Ihist.\i a cafeteria containing slot machines dispensing food and drink. \BEtymology:\b \3German from French \Iautomate,\i formed as \J\Xautomation\x\j\c
<hw>automate</hw> \K/"O:t\F'\nmeIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i convert to or operate by automation \3(the ticket office has been automated).\c \BEtymology:\b \3back-formation from \J\Xautomation\x\j\c
<hw>automatic</hw> \K/O:t\F'\n"matIk/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IMech\i (of a machine, device, etc., or its function) working by itself, without direct human intervention.\p\B2\b \Ba\b done spontaneously, without conscious thought or intention \3(an automatic reaction).\c \Bb\b necessary and inevitable \3(an automatic penalty).\c\p\B3\b \IPsychol.\i performed unconsciously or subconsciously.\p\B4\b \IMil\i (of a firearm) that continues firing until the ammunition is exhausted or the pressure on the trigger is released.\p\B5\b \IMech Transport\i (of a motor vehicle or its transmission) using gears that change automatically according to speed and acceleration.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBallistics etc.\i an automatic device, esp. a gun or transmission.\p\B2\b \IMech Transport\i \Icolloq.\i a vehicle with automatic transmission. \Bautomatically\b \Iadv.\i \Bautomaticity\b \K/O:t\F'\nm\F'\n"tIsIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3as \J\Xautomaton\x\j + \J\X-ic\x\j\c
<hw>automatic pilot</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAeron\i a device for keeping an aircraft on a set course.
<hw>automation</hw> \K/O:t\F'\n"meIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMech\i\p\B1\b the use of automatic equipment to save mental and manual labour.\p\B2\b the automatic control of the manufacture of a product through its successive stages. \BEtymology:\b \3irregular formation from \J\Xautomatic\x\j + \J\X-ation\x\j\c
<hw>automatism</hw> \K/O:"tQm\F'\ntIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPsychol.\i the performance of actions unconsciously or subconsciously; such action.\p\B2\b involuntary action.\p\B3\b unthinking routine. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iautomatisme\i from \Iautomate\i \J\Xautomaton\x\j\c
<hw>automatize</hw> \K/O:"tQm\F'\ntVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b\p\B1\b make (a process etc.) automatic.\p\B2\b subject (a business, enterprise, etc.) to automation. \Bautomatization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xautomatic\x\j + \J\X-ize\x\j\c
<hw>automaton</hw> \K/O:"tQm\F'\nt(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bautomata\b \K/-t\F'\n/\k or \Bautomatons)\b\p\B1\b \IMech\i a mechanism with concealed motive power.\p\B2\b a person who behaves mechanically, like an automaton. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin from Greek, neut. of \Iautomatos\i 'acting of itself': see \J\Xauto-\x\j\c
<hw>automobile</hw> \K/"O:t\F'\nm\F'\nbi:l/\k\p\In.\i\p\Besp. N. Amer.\b \ITransport\i a motor car. \BEtymology:\b \3French (as \J\Xauto-\x,\j \J\Xmobile\x)\j\c
<hw>automotive</hw> \K/O:t\F'\n"m\F'\nUtIv/\k \Iadj.\i \ITransport\i concerned with motor vehicles.
<hw>autonomic nervous system</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAnat\i the part of the nervous system responsible for control of the bodily functions not consciously directed, e.g. heartbeat.
<hw>autonomous</hw> \K/O:"tQn\F'\nm\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IPolit\i having self-government.\p\B2\b acting independently or having the freedom to do so. \Bautonomously\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iautonomos\i (as \J\Xautonomy\x)\j\c
<hw>autonomy</hw> \K/O:"tQn\F'\nmi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \IPolit\i the right of self-government.\p\B2\b personal freedom.\p\B3\b freedom of the will.\p\B4\b a self-governing community. \Bautonomist\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iautonomia\i from \Iautos\i 'self' + \Inomos\i 'law'\c
<hw>autopilot</hw> \K/"O:t\F'\nU%pVIl\F'\nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAeron\i an automatic pilot. \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation\c
<hw>autopsy</hw> \K/"O:tQpsi/, /O:"tQpsi/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \IMed\i a post-mortem examination.\p\B2\b any critical analysis.\p\B3\b a personal inspection. \Iv.tr.\i \IMed\i perform an autopsy on (a body).\Kv. new f. SOED, corpus Oct 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iautopsie\i or modern Latin \Iautopsia\i from Greek, from \Iautoptes\i 'eye-witness'\c
<hw>autoradiograph</hw> \K/O:t\F'\nU"reIdI\F'\ngrA:f/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhotog\i a photograph of an object produced by radiation from radioactive material in the object. \Bautoradiographic\b \K/%O:t\F'\nreIdI\F'\n"grafIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Bautoradiography\b \K/%O:t\F'\nreIdI"Qgr\F'\nfi/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>autorotation</hw> \K/%O:t\F'\n(U)r\F'\n(U)"teIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IAeron.\i rotation (esp. of rotor blades) not caused by engine power.\p\B2\b rotation resulting from the shape or structure of an object (e.g. a winged seed). \Bautorotate\b \Iv.intr.\i\Knew f. NSOED, Incomings Apr 94\k
<hw>autoroute</hw> \K/"O:t\F'\nru:t/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITransport\i a French motorway. \BEtymology:\b \3French (as \J\Xautomobile\x,\j \J\Xroute\x)\j\c
<hw>autostrada</hw> \K/"O:t\F'\nstrA:d\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITransport\i an Italian motorway. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian (as \J\Xautomobile\x,\j \Istrada\i 'road')\c
<hw>auto-suggestion</hw> \K/%O:t\F'\n(U)s\F'\n"dZEstS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPsychol\i a self-induced or subconscious suggestion affecting reaction, behaviour, etc.
<hw>autotelic</hw> \K/O:t\F'\n(U)"tElIk/\k \Iadj.\i \IPhilos\i having or being a purpose in itself. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xauto-\x\j + Greek \Itelos\i 'end'\c
<hw>autotomy</hw> \K/O:"tQt\F'\nmi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool.\i the casting off of a part of the body, e.g. the tail of a lizard, when threatened.
<hw>autotoxin</hw> \K/O:t\F'\n(U)"tQksIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiochem\i a poisonous substance originating within an organism. \Bautotoxic\b \Iadj.\i
<hw>autotrophic</hw> \K/O:t\F'\n(U)"tr\F'\nUfIk/, /-"trQfIk/\k \Iadj.\i \IBiol.\i able to form complex nutritional organic substances from simple inorganic substances such as carbon dioxide \I(cf.\i \J\Xheterotrophic\x).\j \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xauto-\x\j + Greek \Itrophos\i 'feeder'\c
<hw>autotype</hw> \K/"O:t\F'\n(U)tVIp/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPrinting\i\p\B1\b a facsimile.\p\B2\b \Ba\b a photographic printing process for monochrome reproduction. \Bb\b a print made by this process.
<hw>autoxidation</hw> \K/%O:tQksI"deIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i spontaneous oxidation at ambient temperatures in the presence of oxygen.
<hw>autumn</hw> \K/"O:t\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the third season of the year, when crops and fruits are gathered, and leaves fall, in the northern hemisphere from September to November and in the southern hemisphere from March to May.\p\B2\b \IAstron.\i the period from the autumnal equinox to the winter solstice.\p\B3\b a time of maturity or incipient decay. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iautompne\i or Latin \Iautumnus\i\c
<hw>autumnal</hw> \K/O:"tVmn(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of, characteristic of, or appropriate to autumn \3(autumnal colours).\c\p\B2\b maturing or blooming in autumn.\p\B3\b past the prime of life. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iautumnalis\i (as \J\Xautumn\x,\j \J\X-al\x)\j\c
<hw>autumn crocus</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a plant of the genus \IColchicum,\i esp. the meadow saffron.
<hw>autumn equinox</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bautumnal equinox)\b \IAstron\i \IHorol\i\p\B1\b the equinox in autumn, on about 22 Sept. in the northern hemisphere and 20 Mar. in the southern hemisphere.\p\B2\b \IAstron.\i the equinox in September.
<hw>auxiliary</hw> \K/O:g"zIlI\F'\nri/, /Qg-/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b (of a person or thing) that gives help.\p\B2\b (of services or equipment) subsidiary, additional.\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b an auxiliary person or thing. \Bb\b \BN. Amer.\b an auxiliary group, esp. one of volunteers involved in charitable activities.\Ksense 1b new f. kpb, incomings, AHD Sep 94\k\p\B2\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \IMil.\i auxiliary troops.\p\B3\b \IGram.\i an auxiliary verb. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iauxiliarius\i from \Iauxilium\i 'help'\c
<hw>auxiliary troops</hw> \In.pl.\i \IMil.\i foreign or allied troops in a belligerent nation's service.
<hw>auxiliary verb</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IGram.\i a verb used in forming the tenses, moods, and voices of other verbs.
<hw>auxin</hw> \K/"O:ksIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i any of a group of plant hormones that regulate growth. \BEtymology:\b \3German, from Greek \Iauxo\i 'increase' + \J\X-in\x\j\c
<hw>AV</hw> \Iabbr.\i\p\B1\b \IEducation\i audio-visual (teaching aids etc.).\p\B2\b \IRelig\i Authorized Version (of the Bible).
<hw>avadavat</hw> \K/"av\F'\nd\F'\nvat/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bamadavat\b \K/"am\F'\n-/\k) \IZool\i either of two brightly coloured S. Asian waxbills, the green Amandava formosa or esp. the red A. amandava. \BEtymology:\b \3named after \IAhmadabad\i in India, where the birds were sold\c
<hw>avail</hw> \K/\F'\n"veIl/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i help, benefit.\p\B2\b \Irefl.\i \I(foll. by \Bof)\b\i profit by; take advantage of.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i \Ba\b provide help. \Bb\b be of use, value, or profit.\p\In.\i\p\I(usu. in \Bneg.\b or \Binterrog.\b phrases)\i use, profit \3(to no avail;\c \2without avail;\c \2of what avail?).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from obsolete \Ivail\i \I(v.)\i via Old French \Ivaloir\i 'be worth' from Latin \Ivalere\i\c
<hw>available</hw> \K/\F'\n"veIl\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \I(often foll. by \Bto,\b \Bfor)\b\i\p\B1\b capable of being used; at one's disposal.\p\B2\b obtainable; within one's reach.\p\B3\b \Ba\b (of a person) free, not otherwise occupied. \Bb\b able to be contacted.\Ksense 3 new in COD9 f. POD Jul 93\k\p\B4\b sexually unattached.\Ksense 4 new in COD9 f. NSOED Jul 93\k \Bavailability\b \K/-"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bavailableness\b\p\In.\i\p\Bavailably\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from \J\Xavail\x\j + \J\X-able\x\j\c
<hw>avalanche</hw> \K/"av\F'\nlA:nS/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IGeol\i a mass of snow and ice, tumbling rapidly down a mountain.\p\B2\b a sudden appearance or arrival of anything in large quantities \3(faced with an avalanche of work).\c\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i descend like an avalanche.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i carry down like an avalanche. \BEtymology:\b \3French, alteration of dialect \Ilavanche,\i influenced by \Iavaler\i descend\c
<hw>avant-garde</hw> \K/avQ~:(N)"gA:d/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\ppioneers or innovators esp. in art and literature. \Iadj.\i (of art, ideas, etc.) new, progressive. \Bavant-gardism\b\p\In.\i\p\Bavant-gardist\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French, = vanguard\c
<hw>avarice</hw> \K/"av(\F'\n)rIs/\k\p\In.\i\pextreme greed for money or gain; cupidity. \Bavaricious\b \K/av\F'\n"rIS\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i \Bavariciously\b \K/-"rIS\F'\nsli/\k \Iadv.\i \Bavariciousness\b \K/-"rIS\F'\nsnIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Iavaritia,\i from \Iavarus\i 'greedy'\c
<hw>avatar</hw> \K/"av\F'\ntA:/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMythol Relig\i \IHinduism\i the descent of a deity or released soul to earth in bodily form.\p\B2\b incarnation; manifestation.\p\B3\b a manifestation or phase. \BEtymology:\b \3Sanskrit \Iavatara\i 'descent', from \Iava\i 'down' + \Itar-\i 'pass over'\c
<hw>avaunt</hw> \K/\F'\n"vO:nt/\k \Iint.\i \Iarchaic\i begone. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Anglo-French from Old French \Iavant,\i ultimately from Latin \Iab\i 'from' + \Iante\i 'before'\c
<hw>Ave.</hw> \Iabbr.\i Avenue.
<hw>ave</hw> \K/"A:vi/, /"A:veI/\k \Iint. & n.\i \Iint.\i\p\B1\b welcome.\p\B2\b farewell.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \B(Ave;\b in full \BAve Maria)\b \IRelig\i a prayer to the Virgin Mary, the opening line from Luke 1:28; \Ialso called\i \J\XHail Mary\x.\j\p\B2\b a shout of welcome or farewell. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin, 2nd sing. imperative of \Iavere\i 'fare well'\c
<hw>avenge</hw> \K/\F'\n"vEn(d)Z/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b inflict retribution on behalf of (a person, oneself, a violated right, etc.) \3(the murderer was punished and the victim avenged).\c\p\B2\b take vengeance for (an injury) \3(the loss of the aircraft would be avenged).\c\p\1be avenged\c avenge oneself. \Bavenger\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iavengier,\i from \Iα\i 'to' + \Ivengier\i from Latin \Ivindicare\i 'vindicate'\c Where necessary, though uncommon, the preposition \Ion\i (or \Iupon)\i is used with \Iavenge,\i to introduce the person on whom vengeance is being taken, e.g. \Iswore he would be avenged on their leader;\i \Ihad the power to avenge himself on them.\i \IAvenge\i usually implies that the retribution inflicted is justifiable, whereas \Irevenge\i often implies that the main aim of retribution is to satisfy the injured party's resentment. See also Usage Note at \J\Xrevenge\x.\j
<hw>avens</hw> \K/"eIv(\F'\n)nz/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a plant of the genus \IGeum\i (rose family). \ISee also\i \J\Xmountain avens\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iavence\i (medieval Latin \Iavencia),\i of unknown origin\c
<hw>aventurine</hw> \K/\F'\n"vEntS\F'\nrIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMineral.\i\p\B1\b brownish glass or mineral containing sparkling gold-coloured particles usu. of copper or gold.\p\B2\b a variety of spangled quartz resembling this. \BEtymology:\b \3French, from Italian \Iavventurino\i from \Iavventura\i 'chance' (because of its accidental discovery)\c
<hw>avenue</hw> \K/"av(\F'\n)nju:/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a broad road or street, often with trees at regular intervals along its sides. \Bb\b a tree-lined approach to a country house.\p\B2\b a way of approaching or dealing with something \3(explored every avenue to find an answer).\c\p\B3\b (in many American cities having a grid layout) a road running perpendicular to another, esp. east-west.\Ksense 3 new f. usab Sep 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3French, fem. past part. of \Iavenir,\i from Latin \Iadvenire\i 'come to'\c
<hw>aver</hw> \K/\F'\n"v\F'\n:/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(averred,\b \Baverring)\b \Iformal\i assert, affirm. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iaverer\i (as \J\Xad-\x,\j Latin \Iverus\i 'true')\c
<hw>average</hw> \K/"av(\F'\n)rIdZ/\k \In., adj., & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the usual amount, extent, or rate. \Bb\b the ordinary standard.\p\B2\b an amount obtained by dividing the total of given amounts by the number of amounts in the set.\p\B3\b \INaut\i \ILaw\i the distribution of loss resulting from damage to a ship or cargo. \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b usual, ordinary. \Bb\b mediocre.\K1b new in COD9 f. POD Jul 93\k\p\B2\b estimated or calculated by average. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b amount on average to \3(the sale of the product averaged one hundred a day).\c\p\B2\b do on average \3(averages six hours' work a day).\c\p\B3\b \Ba\b estimate the average of. \Bb\b estimate the general standard of.\p\Baverage out\b result in an average.\p\1average out at\c result in an average of.\p\1on (or on an) average\c as an average rate or estimate. \Baveragely\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iavarie\i 'damage to ship or cargo' (see sense 3), via Italian \Iavaria\i from Arabic '\Iawariya\i 'damaged goods', from '\Iawar\i 'damage at sea, loss': \I-age\i on the pattern of \Idamage\i\c
<hw>average adjustment</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i the apportionment of average (see \J\Xaverage\x\p\In.\i\p3).\j
<hw>averment</hw> \K/\F'\n"v\F'\n:m(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\pa positive statement; an affirmation, \Iesp. Law\i one with an offer of proof. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Anglo-French, Old French \Iaver(r)ement\i (as \J\Xaver\x,\j \J\X-ment\x)\j\c
<hw>averse</hw> \K/\F'\n"v\F'\n:s/\k \Ipredic.adj.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bto;\b also foll. by \Bfrom)\b\i opposed, disinclined \3(was not averse to helping me).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iaversus\i (as \J\Xavert\x)\j\c Although condemned in the past as etymologically improper (the literal meaning being 'turned \Ifrom\i'), \Iaverse\i is now more often followed by \Ito\i than \Ifrom.\i This can be justified by analogy with semantically related words such as \Idisinclined,\i \Ihostile,\i \Iopposed,\i etc., which are also used with \Ito.\i
<hw>aversion</hw> \K/\F'\n"v\F'\n:S(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bto,\b \Bfrom,\b \Bfor)\b\i a dislike or unwillingness \3(has an aversion to hard work).\c\p\B2\b an object of dislike \3(my pet aversion).\c \Baversive\b \Iadj.\i\K-ive new f. corpus Dec 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iaversion\i or Latin \Iaversio\i (as \J\Xavert\x,\j \J\X-ion\x)\j\c
<hw>aversion therapy</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i therapy designed to make a patient give up an undesirable habit by associating it with an unpleasant effect.
<hw>avert</hw> \K/\F'\n"v\F'\n:t/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bfrom)\b\i turn away (one's eyes or thoughts).\p\B2\b prevent or ward off (an undesirable occurrence). \Bavertible\b \Iadj.\i (also \Bavertable).\b \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Iavertere\i (as \J\Xab-\x,\j \Ivertere vers-\i 'turn'): partly via Old French \Iavertir\i and Romanic\c Care should be taken not to confuse sense 2 of \Iavert\i with \Iavoid,\i e.g. \IDisaster was narrowly averted\i and \IHe narrowly avoided being arrested.\i \IAvert\i incorporates the idea of taking action to ward off an undesirable event in advance, while \Iavoid\i means 'to escape' or 'evade'.
<hw>Avesta</hw> \K/\F'\n"vEst\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(usu. prec. by \Bthe)\b\i \IRelig\i the sacred writings of Zoroastrianism \I(see\i \J\XZend\x).\j \BEtymology:\b \3Persian\c
<hw>Avestan</hw> \K/\F'\n"vEst(\F'\n)n/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IRelig\i \Iadj.\i of or relating to the Avesta.\p\In.\i\p\ILanguage\i the ancient Iranian language of the Avesta.
<hw>avian</hw> \K/"eIvI\F'\nn/\k \Iadj.\i \IZool\i of or relating to birds. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iavis\i 'bird'\c
<hw>aviary</hw> \K/"eIvI\F'\nri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IZool\i a large enclosure or building for keeping birds. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iaviarium\i (as \J\Xavian\x,\j \J\X-ary\x (1))\j\c
<hw>aviate</hw> \K/"eIvIeIt/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\IAeron\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i pilot or fly in an aeroplane.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i pilot (an aeroplane). \BEtymology:\b \3back-formation from \J\Xaviation\x\j\c
<hw>aviation</hw> \K/eIvI"eIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAeron\i\p\B1\b the skill or practice of operating aircraft.\p\B2\b aircraft manufacture. \BEtymology:\b \3French, from Latin \Iavis\i 'bird'\c
<hw>aviator</hw> \K/"eIvIeIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(fem.\i \Baviatrix\b \K/"eIvI\F'\ntrIks/\k) \IAeron\i an airman or airwoman. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iaviateur\i from Latin \Iavis\i 'bird'\c
<hw>aviculture</hw> \K/"eIvIkVltS\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool Vet\i the rearing and keeping of birds. \Baviculturist\b \K/-"kVltS(\F'\n)rIst/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iavis\i 'bird', on the pattern of \J\Xagriculture\x\j\c
<hw>avid</hw> \K/"avId/\k \Iadj.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bof,\b \Bfor)\b\i eager, greedy. \Bavidly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iavide\i or Latin \Iavidus,\i from \Iavere\i 'crave'\c
<hw>avidity</hw> \K/\F'\n"vIdIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b eagerness, greed.\p\B2\b \IBiochem.\i the overall strength of binding between an antibody and an antigen.\Knew f. OERD Apr 94\k
<hw>avifauna</hw> \K/"eIvIfO:n\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i birds of a region or country collectively. \Bavifaunal\b \Iadj.\i\Kavifaunal new f. incomings Oct 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iavis\i 'bird' + \J\Xfauna\x\j\c
<hw>avionics</hw> \K/eIvI"QnIks/\k \In.pl.\i \I(usu. treated as \Bsing.)\b\i \IAeron\i electronics as applied to aviation.
<hw>avitaminosis</hw> \K/eI%vIt\F'\nmI"n\F'\nUsIs/, /-%vVIt-/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bavitaminoses\b \K/-"n\F'\nUsi:z/\k) \IMed.\i a condition resulting from vitamin deficiency.
<hw>avizandum</hw> \K/avI"zand\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\BSc.\b \ILaw\i a period of time for further consideration of a judgement. \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin, gerund of \Iavizare\i 'consider' (as \J\Xadvise\x)\j\c
<hw>avocado</hw> \K/av\F'\n"kA:d\F'\nU/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b \IBot\i\p\B1\b (in full \Bavocado pear)\b a pear-shaped fruit with a rough leathery skin, smooth oily edible flesh, and a large stone; \Ialso called\i \Ialligator pear.\i\p\B2\b the tropical evergreen tree, Persea americana, native to Central America, bearing this fruit.\p\B3\b the light green colour of the flesh of this fruit. \Iadj.\i of the colour avocado; light green.\Kadj. new f. SOED Oct 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish, = advocate (substituted for Nahuatl \Iahuacatl)\i\c
<hw>avocation</hw> \K/av\F'\n"keIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a minor occupation.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i a vocation or calling. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iavocatio\i from \Iavocare\i 'call away'\c
<hw>avocet</hw> \K/"av\F'\nsEt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a wading bird of the genus \IRecurvirostra\i with long legs and a long slender upward-curved bill and usu. black and white plumage. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iavocette\i from Italian \Iavosetta\i\c
<hw>Avogadro's constant</hw> \K/av\F'\n"gA:dr\F'\nUz/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \BAvogadro's number)\b \IChem.\i the number of atoms or molecules in one mole of a substance (symbol \BL).\b\Ksymb\k \BEtymology:\b \3named after A. \IAvogadro,\i Italian physicist d. 1856\c
<hw>Avogadro's law</hw> \K/av\F'\n"gA:dr\F'\nUz/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \BAvogadro's hypothesis)\b \IPhysics\i a law stating that equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of molecules.
<hw>avoid</hw> \K/\F'\n"vOId/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b keep away from (a thing, person, or action); refrain from.\p\B2\b escape; evade.\p\B3\b \ILaw\i \Ba\b nullify (a decree or contract). \Bb\b quash (a sentence). \Bavoidable\b \Iadj.\i \Bavoidably\b \Iadv.\i \Bavoidance\b\p\In.\i\p\Bavoider\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Anglo-French \Iavoider,\i Old French \Ievuider\i 'clear out, get rid of', from \Ivuide\i 'empty', \J\Xvoid\x\j\c See Usage Note at \J\Xavert\x.\j
<hw>avoirdupois</hw> \K/av\F'\nd\F'\n"pOIz/, /%avwA:djU"pwA:/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b (in full \Bavoirdupois weight)\b a system of weights based on a pound of 16 ounces or 7,000 grains.\p\B2\b weight, heaviness.\Ksense 2 new f. NSOED Apr 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iaveir de peis\i 'goods of weight' from \Iaveir\i (modern \Iavoir)\i 'to have', used as a noun, from Latin \Ihabere\i 'have', + \Ipeis\i (see \J\Xpoise\x (1))\j\c
<hw>avouch</hw> \K/\F'\n"vaUtS/\k \Iv.tr. & intr.\i \Iarchaic\i or \Iliterary\i guarantee, affirm, confess. \Bavouchment\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iavochier\i from Latin \Iadvocare\i (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \Ivocare\i 'call')\c
<hw>avow</hw> \K/\F'\n"vaU/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b admit, confess.\p\B2\b \Ba\b \Irefl.\i admit that one is \3(avowed himself the author).\c \Bb\b (as \Bavowed\b \Iadj.)\i admitted \3(the avowed author).\c \Bavowal\b\p\In.\i\p\Bavowedly\b \K/\F'\n"vaUIdli/\k \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iavouer\i 'acknowledge' from Latin \Iadvocare\i (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \Ivocare\i 'call')\c
<hw>avulsion</hw> \K/\F'\n"vVlS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a tearing away.\p\B2\b \ILaw\i a sudden removal of land by a flood etc. to another person's estate. \Bavulse\b \Iv.tr.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iavulsion\i or Latin \Iavulsio,\i from \Iavellere avuls-\i 'pluck away'\c
<hw>avuncular</hw> \K/\F'\n"vVNkjUl\F'\n/\k \Iadj.\i like or of an uncle; kind and friendly, esp. towards a younger person. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iavunculus\i 'maternal uncle', diminutive of \Iavus\i 'grandfather'\c
<hw>aw</hw> \K/O:/\k \Iint.\i \Besp. N. Amer.\b & \BSc.\b expressing mild protest, entreaty, commiseration, or disapproval.\Knew f. SOED, corpus Sep 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3a natural exclamation\c
<hw>AWACS</hw> \K/"eIwaks/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMil Aeron\i a long-range airborne radar system for detecting enemy aircraft. \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation of \Ia\iirborne \Iw\iarning \Ia\ind \Ic\iontrol \Is\iystem\c
<hw>await</hw> \K/\F'\n"weIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b wait for.\p\B2\b (of an event or thing) be in store for \3(a surprise awaits you).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Anglo-French \Iawaitier,\i Old French \Iaguaitier\i (as \J\Xad-\x,\j \Iwaitier\i \J\Xwait\x)\j\c
<hw>awake</hw> \K/\F'\n"weIk/\k \Iv. & adj.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\I(past\i \Bawoke\b \K/\F'\n"w\F'\nUk/\k; \Ipast part.\i \Bawoken\b \K/\F'\n"w\F'\nUk(\F'\n)n/\k)\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \Ba\b cease to sleep. \Bb\b become active.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bto)\b\i become aware of.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i rouse, esp. from sleep. \Ipredic.adj.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b not asleep. \Bb\b vigilant.\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bto)\b\i aware of.\p\1be awake up\c \BAustral.\b \Icolloq.\i = \Ibe a wake-up\i (see \J\Xwake\x (1)).\j\Knew idm f. ACOD, correspondent Apr 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iawµcnan,\i \Iawacian\i (as \J\Xa-\x (2),\j \J\Xwake\x (1))\j\c See Usage Note at \J\Xawaken\x.\j
<hw>awaken</hw> \K/\F'\n"weIk(\F'\n)n/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iv.tr. & intr.\i = \J\Xawake\x\p\Iv.\i\p\j\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i make aware. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ionwµcnan\i etc. (as \J\Xa-\x (2),\j \J\Xwaken\x)\j\c \IAwake\i and \Iawaken\i are largely interchangeable, but \Iawaken\i is much rarer than \Iawake\i as an intransitive verb, and has an extra transitive usage (sense 2 above), as in \IThe strike had awakened them to the possibilities of resistance.\i
<hw>award</hw> \K/\F'\n"wO:d/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b give or order to be given as a payment, compensation, or prize \3(awarded him a knighthood;\c \2was awarded damages).\c\p\B2\b grant, assign.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a payment, compensation, or prize awarded.\p\B2\b \ILaw\i a judicial decision. \Bawarder\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Anglo-French \Iawarder,\i ultimately from Germanic: see \J\Xward\x\j\c
<hw>aware</hw> \K/\F'\n"wE:/\k \Ipredic.adj.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bof,\b or \Bthat\b + clause)\i conscious; not ignorant; having knowledge.\p\B2\b well informed \I(often in \Bcomb.:\b\i \2politically aware).\c \Bawareness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Igewµr,\i from West Germanic\c In popular use, \Iaware\i is sometimes used in sense 2 to mean 'well informed', without any qualifying word, as in \Ishe's a very aware person.\i This should be avoided in formal contexts.
<hw>awash</hw> \K/\F'\n"wQS/\k \Ipredic.adj.\i\p\B1\b level with the surface of water which just washes over; covered in water; flooded.\p\B2\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bwith,\b \Bin)\b\i rich, overflowing, abounding.\Ksense 2 new in COD9 f. NSOED, corpus Jul 93\k
<hw>away</hw> \K/\F'\n"weI/\k \Iadv., adj., & n.\i \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b to or at a distance from the place, person, or thing in question \3(go away;\c \2give away;\c \2look away;\c \2they are away;\c \25 miles away).\c\p\B2\b towards or into non-existence \3(sounds die away;\c \2explain it away;\c \2idled their time away).\c\p\B3\b constantly, persistently, continuously \3(work away;\c \2laugh away).\c\p\B4\b without hesitation \3(ask away).\c \Iadj.\i \ISport\i played on an opponent's ground etc. \3(away match;\c \2away win).\c\p\In.\i\p\ISport\i an away match or win.\p\1away with\c \I(as \Bimper.)\b\i take away; let us be rid of. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ionweg,\i \Iaweg\i 'on one's way' from \J\Xa\x (2)\j + \J\Xway\x\j\c
<hw>awe</hw> \K/O:/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\preverential fear or wonder \3(stand in awe of).\c \Iv.tr.\i inspire with awe. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iege\i and Old Norse \Iagi,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>aweigh</hw> \K/\F'\n"weI/\k \Ipredic.adj.\i \INaut.\i (of an anchor) clear of the sea or river bed; hanging. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xa\x (2)\j + \J\Xweigh\x (1)\j\c
<hw>awe-inspiring</hw> \Iadj.\i causing awe or wonder; amazing, magnificent.
<hw>awesome</hw> \K/"O:s(\F'\n)m/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b inspiring awe; dreaded.\p\B2\b \Islang\i marvellous, excellent.\Ksense 2 new in COD9 f. OMED, ODNW Jul 93\k \Bawesomely\b \Iadv.\i \Bawesomeness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xawe\x\j + \J\X-some\x (1)\j\c
<hw>awestricken</hw> \K/"O:strIk(\F'\n)n/\k \Iadj.\i (also \Bawestruck\b \K/-strVk/\k) struck or affected by awe.
<hw>awful</hw> \K/"O:fUl/, /-f(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \Icolloq.\i \Ba\b unpleasant or horrible \3(awful weather).\c \Bb\b poor in quality; very bad \3(has awful writing).\c \Bc\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i excessive; remarkably large \3(an awful lot of money).\c\p\B2\b \Ipoet.\i inspiring awe. \Bawfulness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xawe\x\j + \J\X-ful\x\j\c
<hw>awfully</hw> \K/"O:fUli/, /-fli/\k \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b \Icolloq.\i in an unpleasant, bad, or horrible way \3(he played awfully).\c\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i very \3(she's awfully pleased;\c \2thanks awfully).\c\p\B3\b \Ipoet.\i reverently.
<hw>awhile</hw> \K/\F'\n"wVIl/\k \Iadv.\i for a short time. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iane hwile\i 'a while'\c
<hw>awkward</hw> \K/"O:kw\F'\nd/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b ill-adapted for use; causing difficulty in use.\p\B2\b clumsy or bungling.\p\B3\b \Ba\b \Besp. Brit.\b embarrassed; ill at ease \3(felt awkward about it).\c \Bb\b embarrassing \3(an awkward situation).\c\p\B4\b \Besp. Brit.\b difficult to deal with \3(an awkward customer).\c\p\1the awkward age\c adolescence. \Bawkwardly\b \Iadv.\i \Bawkwardness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3obsolete \Iawk\i backhanded, untoward (Middle English, from Old Norse \Iafugr\i 'turned the wrong way') + \J\X-ward\x\j\c
<hw>awl</hw> \K/O:l/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITools\i a small pointed tool used for piercing holes, esp. in leather. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iµl\i\c
<hw>awn</hw> \K/O:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a stiff bristle, esp. one growing from the sheath around the seed of cereals and other grasses. \Bawned\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English from Old Norse \I÷gn\i\c
<hw>awning</hw> \K/"O:nIN/\k\p\In.\i\pa sheet of canvas or similar material stretched on a frame and used to shade a shop window, doorway, ship's deck, or other area from the sun or rain. \BEtymology:\b \317th c. (nautical): origin uncertain\c
<hw>AWOL</hw> \K/"eIwQl/\k \Iabbr.\i \IMil\i \Icolloq.\i absent without leave.
<hw>awry</hw> \K/\F'\n"rVI/\k \Iadv. & adj.\i \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b crookedly or askew.\p\B2\b improperly or amiss. \Ipredic.adj.\i crooked; deviant or unsound \3(his theory is awry).\c\p\1go awry\c go or do wrong. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from \J\Xa\x (2)\j + \J\Xwry\x\j\c
<hw>aw-shucks</hw> \K/O:"SVks/\k \Iadj.\i \BN. Amer.\b \Icolloq.\i characterized by a self-deprecating, self-conscious, or shy manner.\Knew f. kpb, incomings Sep 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xaw\x\j + \Ishucks:\i see \J\Xshuck\x\j\c
<hw>axe</hw> \K/aks/\k \In. & v.\i \B(US\b usu. \Bax)\b\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ITools\i a chopping tool, usu. of iron with a steel edge and wooden handle.\p\B2\b \B(the axe)\b \Ba\b the drastic cutting or elimination of expenditure, staff, etc. \Bb\b the abandoning of a project.\p\B3\b \IMus\i \Islang\i a musical instrument used in jazz or pop music, esp. (originally) a saxophone, or (now) a guitar.\Ksense 3 new f. SOED Nov 94\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(axing)\b\p\B1\b cut (esp. costs, services, or staff) drastically.\p\B2\b abandon (a project).\p\1an axe to grind\c private ends to serve. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iµx,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>axe-breaker</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i an Australian tree, Notelµa longifolia, with very hard timber.\KLatin name new in COD9 f. NSOED Jul 93\k
<hw>axel</hw> \K/"aks(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISport Skating\i a jump in skating from the forward outside edge of one skate to the backward outside edge of the other, with one and a half turns in the air. \BEtymology:\b \3named after \IAxel\i R. Paulsen, Norwegian skater d. 1938\c
<hw>axeman</hw> \K/"aksman/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-men)\b\p\B1\b a person who works with or wields an axe.\Knew f. corpus, SOED Dec 93\k\p\B2\b \IMus\i \Islang\i a jazz or rock guitarist.\Ksense 2 new f. SOED, corpus, incomings Nov 94\k
<hw>axes</hw> \I\Ipl.\i of\i \J\Xaxis\x (1).\j
<hw>axial</hw> \K/"aksI\F'\nl/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b forming or belonging to an axis.\p\B2\b round an axis \3(axial rotation;\c \2axial symmetry).\c \Kaxiality omitted Jul 93\k\Baxially\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>axil</hw> \K/"aksIl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot.\i the upper angle between a leaf and the stem it springs from, or between a branch and the trunk. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iaxilla:\i see \J\Xaxilla\x\j\c
<hw>axilla</hw> \K/ak"sIl\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Baxillae\b \K/-li:/\k)\p\B1\b \IAnat.\i the armpit.\p\B2\b \IBot.\i an axil. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = armpit, diminutive of \Iala\i 'wing'\c
<hw>axillary</hw> \K/ak"sIl\F'\nri/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IAnat.\i of or relating to the armpit.\p\B2\b \IBot.\i in or growing from the axil.
<hw>axiom</hw> \K/"aksI\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an established or widely accepted principle.\p\B2\b \Iesp. Geom.\i a self-evident truth. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iaxiome\i or Latin \Iaxioma\i from Greek \Iaxioma axiomat-,\i from \Iaxios\i 'worthy'\c
<hw>axiomatic</hw> \K/aksI\F'\n"matIk/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b self-evident.\p\B2\b relating to or containing axioms. \Baxiomatically\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iaxiomatikos\i (as \J\Xaxiom\x)\j\c
<hw>axis (1)</hw> \K/"aksIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Baxes\b \K/-si:z/\k)\p\B1\b \IGeom\i \Ba\b an imaginary line about which a body rotates or about which a plane figure is conceived as generating a solid. \Bb\b a line which divides a regular figure symmetrically.\p\B2\b \IMath.\i a fixed reference line for the measurement of coordinates etc.\p\B3\b \IBot.\i the central column of an inflorescence or other growth.\p\B4\b \IAnat.\i the second cervical vertebra.\p\B5\b \IPhysiol.\i the central part of an organ or organism.\p\B6\b \IPolit\i an agreement or alliance between two or more countries forming a centre for an eventual larger grouping of nations sharing an ideal or objective.\p\B7\b \B(the Axis)\b \Ba\b the alliance of Germany and Italy formed before and during the Second World War, later extended to include Japan and other countries. \Bb\b these countries as a group. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = axle, pivot\c
<hw>axis (2)</hw> \K/"aksIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i same) \IZool\i a white-spotted deer, Cervus axis, of S. Asia. \IAlso called\i \Ichital.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin\c
<hw>axle</hw> \K/"aks(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMech\i a rod or spindle (either fixed or rotating) on which a wheel or group of wheels is fixed. \BEtymology:\b \3originally \Iaxle-tree\i (Middle English \Iaxel-tre)\i from Old Norse \I÷xull-trΘ\i\c
<hw>Axminster</hw> \K/"aksmInst\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p(in full \BAxminster carpet)\b \IWeaving Textiles\i a kind of machine-woven patterned carpet with a cut pile. \BEtymology:\b \3the town of \IAxminster\i in S. England, where such carpets are made\c
<hw>axolotl</hw> \K/"aks\F'\nlQt(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i an aquatic newtlike salamander, Ambystoma mexicanum, from Mexico, which in natural conditions retains its larval form for life but is able to breed. \BEtymology:\b \3Nahuatl, from \Iatl\i 'water' + \Ixolotl\i 'servant'\c
<hw>axon</hw> \K/"aksQn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnat.\i & \IZool.\i a long threadlike part of a nerve cell, conducting impulses from the cell body. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin, from Greek \Iaxon\i 'axis'\c
<hw>axonometric</hw> \K/aks(\F'\n)n\F'\n(U)"mEtrIk/\k \Iadj.\i \IArt etc.\i (of a pictorial representation) using an orthographic projection of the object on a plane inclined to each of the three principal axes of the object.\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED, corpus, incomings Jul 93\k
<hw>ay</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xaye\x (1).\j
<hw>ayah</hw> \K/"VI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnthropol\i a nurse or maidservant, esp. of Europeans in India and in other former British territories abroad. \BEtymology:\b \3Anglo-Indian, from Portuguese \Iaia\i 'nurse'\c
<hw>ayatollah</hw> \K/VI\F'\n"tQl\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i a Shi'ite religious leader in Iran. \BEtymology:\b \3Persian from Arabic, = token of God\c
<hw>aye (1)</hw> \K/VI/\k \Iadv. & n.\i (also \Bay)\b \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b \Iarchaic\i or \Idial.\i yes.\p\B2\b \IPolit\i (in voting) I assent.\p\B3\b (as \Baye aye)\b \INaut.\i a response accepting an order.\p\In.\i\pan affirmative answer or assent, esp. in voting.\p\1the ayes have it\c the affirmative votes are in the majority. \BEtymology:\b \316th c.: probably from first person personal pronoun expressing assent\c
<hw>aye (2)</hw> \K/eI/, /VI/\k \Iadv.\i \Iarchaic\i ever, always.\p\1for aye\c for ever. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old Norse \Iei,\i \Iey,\i from Germanic, related to Latin \Iaevum\i 'age', Greek \Iaion\i \J\Xaeon\x\j\c
<hw>aye-aye</hw> \K/"VIVI/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i an arboreal nocturnal lemur, Daubentonia madagascariensis, native to Madagascar. \BEtymology:\b \3French, from Malagasy \Iaiay\i\c
<hw>Aylesbury</hw> \K/"eIlzb(\F'\n)ri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \BAylesburys)\b \IZool\i\p\B1\b a bird of a breed of large white domestic ducks.\p\B2\b this breed. \BEtymology:\b \3the town of \IAylesbury\i in S. England, where the ducks were bred\c
<hw>Aymara</hw> \K/"VIm\F'\nrA:/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i same or \BAymaras)\b\p\B1\b \IPeople\i a member of a S. American Indian people of Bolivia and Peru.\p\B2\b \ILanguage\i the language of this people. \Iadj.\i of or relating to this people or language.\Knew f. OERD Dec 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Bolivian Spanish\c
<hw>Ayrshire</hw> \K/"E:S\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i\p\B1\b an animal of a mainly white breed of dairy cattle.\p\B2\b this breed. \BEtymology:\b \3name of a former Scottish county, where the cattle were bred\c
<hw>ayurveda</hw> \K/A:j\F'\n"veId\F'\n/, /-"vi:d\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a traditional Hindu system of medicine based on the idea of balance in bodily systems and emphasizing diet, herbal treatment, yogic breathing, etc. \Bayurvedic\b \Iadj.\i\Knew f. OERD, incomings Aug 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Sanskrit \Iayur-veda\i 'science of life' (see \J\XVeda\x)\j\c
<hw>AZ</hw> \Iabbr.\i \BUS\b \IGeog\i Arizona (in official postal use).
<hw>azalea</hw> \K/\F'\n"zeIlI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i any of various flowering deciduous shrubs of the genus \IRhododendron,\i with large pink, purple, white, or yellow flowers. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from Greek, fem. of \Iazaleos\i 'dry' (from the dry soil in which it was believed to flourish)\c
<hw>azeotrope</hw> \K/"eIzI\F'\ntr\F'\nUp/, /\F'\n"zi:\F'\n-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i a mixture of liquids in which the boiling point remains constant during distillation, at a given pressure, without change in composition. \Bazeotropic\b \K/%eIZI\F'\n"tr\F'\nUpIk/, /-"trQpIk/, /\F'\n%zi:\F'\n-/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xa-\x (1)\j + Greek \Izeo\i 'boil' + \Itropos\i 'turning'\c
<hw>Azerbaijani</hw> \K/%az\F'\nbVI"dZA:ni/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \BAzerbaijanis)\b \IPeople Language\i\p\B1\b a native or inhabitant of Azerbaijan in the Caucasus.\p\B2\b the Turkic language of Azerbaijan. \Iadj.\i of or relating to the Azerbaijanis or their language.\Knew word in COD9 f. NSOED Jul 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3\IAzerbaijan\i + \J\X-i\x (2)\j\c
<hw>Azeri</hw> \K/\F'\n"zE:ri/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \BAzeris)\b \IPeople Language\i\p\B1\b a member of a Turkic people living mainly in Azerbaijan, Armenia, and northern Iran.\p\B2\b their language. \Iadj.\i of or relating to this people or their language.\Knew word in COD9 f. ODNW Jul 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Turkish \Iazerε\i from Persian, = fire\c
<hw>azide</hw> \K/"eIzVId/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i any compound containing the radical N3-. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iazote\i 'nitrogen' + \J\X-ide\x\j\c
<hw>Azilian</hw> \K/\F'\n"zIlI\F'\nn/\k \In. & adj.\i \IArchaeol.\i\p\In.\i\pan early mesolithic culture in western Europe, dated about 10,000 to 8000 bc. \Iadj.\i of or relating to this culture. \BEtymology:\b \3named after Mas d'\IAzil\i in the French Pyrenees, where remains of it were found\c
<hw>azimuth</hw> \K/"azIm\F'\nT/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAstron\i\p\B1\b the angular distance from a north or south point of the horizon to the intersection with the horizon of a vertical circle passing through a given celestial object.\p\B2\b the horizontal angle or direction of a compass bearing. \Bazimuthal\b \K/-"mju:T(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iazimut\i from Arabic \Ias-sumut,\i from \Ial\i 'the' + \Isumut,\i pl. of \Isamt\i 'way, direction'\c
<hw>azimuthal projection</hw>\p\In.\i\pa map projection in which a region of the earth is projected on to a plane tangential to the surface, usually at the pole or equator.\Knew f. Collins\k
<hw>azine</hw> \K/"eIzi:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i any organic compound with two or more nitrogen atoms in a six-atom ring. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xazo-\x\j + \J\X-ine\x (4)\j\c
<hw>azo-</hw> \K/"eIz\F'\nU/\k \Iprefix\i \IChem.\i containing two adjacent nitrogen atoms between carbon atoms. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iazote\i 'nitrogen' from Greek \Iazoos\i 'without life'\c
<hw>azo dye</hw>\p\In.\i\pany of a number of dyes whose molecules contain two adjacent nitrogen atoms between two carbon atoms.\Knew f. Collins, NSOED\k
<hw>azoic</hw> \K/eI"z\F'\nUIk/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b having no trace of life.\p\B2\b \IGeol.\i (of an age etc.) having left no organic remains. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iazoos\i 'without life'\c
<hw>AZT</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IPharm\i the drug zidovudine. \BEtymology:\b \3chemical name \Iazidothymidine\i\c
<hw>Aztec</hw> \K/"aztEk/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPeople\i a member of the native people dominant in Mexico before the Spanish conquest of the 16th c.\p\B2\b \ILanguage\i the language of the Aztecs. \Iadj.\i of or relating to the Aztecs or their language (see also \J\XNahuatl\x).\j \BEtymology:\b \3French \IAztΦque\i or Spanish \IAzteca,\i from Nahuatl \Iaztecatl\i 'men of the north'\c
<hw>azuki</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xadzuki\x.\j
<hw>azure</hw> \K/"aZ\F'\n/, /-Zj(U)\F'\n/, /-zjU\F'\n/; /"eI-/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a deep sky-blue colour. \Bb\b \IHeraldry\i blue.\p\B2\b \Ipoet.\i the clear sky. \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b of the colour azure. \Bb\b \IHeraldry\i blue.\p\B2\b \Ipoet.\i serene, untroubled. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iasur,\i \Iazur\i and medieval Latin \Iazzurum,\i \Iazolum\i from Arabic \Ial\i 'the' + \Ilazaward\i from Persian \Ilazward\i 'lapis lazuli'\c
<hw>azygous</hw> \K/"azIg\F'\ns/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IAnat.\i \Iadj.\i (of any organic structure) single; not existing in pairs.\p\In.\i\pan organic structure occurring singly. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iazugos\i 'unyoked' (as \J\Xa-\x (1)\j + \Izugon\i 'yoke')\c
<hw>B (1)</hw> \K/bi:/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bb)\b \I(pl.\i \BBs\b or \BB's)\b\p\B1\b the second letter of the alphabet.\p\B2\b \IMus.\i the seventh note of the diatonic scale of C major.\p\B3\b the second hypothetical person or example.\p\B4\b the second highest class or category (of roads, academic marks, etc.).\p\B5\b (usu. \Bb)\b \IAlgebra\i the second known quantity.\p\B6\b \IPhysiol\i a human blood type of the ABO system.
<hw>BA</hw> \Iabbr.\i\p\B1\b \IEducation\i Bachelor of Arts.\p\B2\b British Academy.\p\B3\b \IAeron\i British Airways.\p\B4\b British Association (for the Advancement of Science).
<hw>Ba</hw> \Isymb.\i \IChem.\i the element barium.
<hw>BAA</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IAeron\i British Airports Authority.
<hw>baa</hw> \K/bA:/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.intr.\i \B(baas,\b \Bbaaed\b or \Bbaa'd)\b (of a sheep etc.) bleat.\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bbaas)\b the cry of a sheep or lamb. \BEtymology:\b \3imitative\c
<hw>Baagandji</hw> \K/"bA:g(\F'\n)ndZi/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILanguage\i an Aboriginal language of SE Australia, now extinct.\Knew from ACOD Oct 93\k
<hw>baa-lamb</hw>\p\In.\i\p(a child's word for) a lamb.\Knew f. SOED, incomings, COD box Aug 94\k
<hw>baas</hw> \K/bA:s/\k\p\In.\i\p\BS.Afr.\b boss, master (often as a form of address). \BEtymology:\b \3Dutch: cf. \J\Xboss\x (1)\j\c
<hw>baasskap</hw> \K/"bA:skap/\k\p\In.\i\p\BS.Afr.\b domination, esp. of non-whites by whites. \BEtymology:\b \3Afrikaans from \Ibaas\i 'master' + \I-skap\i 'condition'\c
<hw>baba</hw> \K/"bA:bA:/\k\p\In.\i\p(in full \Brum baba)\b \ICookery\i a small rich sponge cake, usu. soaked in rum-flavoured syrup. \BEtymology:\b \3French from Polish, literally 'married peasant woman'\c
<hw>Babbitt</hw> \K/"babIt/\k\p\In.\i\pa materialistic, complacent businessman. \BBabbittry\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3George \IBabbitt,\i a character in the novel \IBabbitt\i (1922) by S. Lewis\c
<hw>babbitt</hw> \K/"babIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b (in full \Bbabbitt metal)\b \IChem\i any of a group of soft alloys of tin, antimony, copper, and usu. lead, used for lining bearings etc., to diminish friction.\p\B2\b a bearing-lining made of this. \BEtymology:\b \3I. \IBabbitt,\i American inventor d. 1862\c
<hw>babble</hw> \K/"bab(\F'\n)l/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \Ba\b talk in an inarticulate or incoherent manner. \Bb\b chatter excessively or irrelevantly. \Bc\b (of a stream etc.) murmur, trickle.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i repeat foolishly; divulge through chatter.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b incoherent speech. \Bb\b foolish, idle, or childish talk.\p\B2\b the murmur of voices, water, etc.\p\B3\b \ITelephony\i background disturbance caused by interference from conversations on other telephone lines. \Bbabblement\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, from Middle Low German \Ibabbelen,\i or imitative\c
<hw>babbler</hw> \K/"babl\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a chatterer.\p\B2\b a person who reveals secrets.\p\B3\b \IZool\i a passerine bird of the large family Timaliidae, with a loud chattering voice.
<hw>babe</hw> \K/beIb/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Iliterary\i a baby.\p\B2\b an innocent or helpless person \3(babes and sucklings;\c \2babes in the wood).\c\p\B3\b \BN. Amer.\b \Islang\i \Ioften offens.\i a young woman (often as a form of address). \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English: imitative of child's \Iba,\i \Iba\i\c
<hw>babel</hw> \K/"beIb(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a confused noise, esp. of voices.\p\B2\b a noisy assembly.\p\B3\b a scene of confusion. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, from Hebrew \IBabel\i 'Babylon' from Akkadian \Ibab ili\i 'gate of god' (with reference to the biblical account of the tower that was built to reach heaven but ended in chaos when Jehovah confused the builders' speech: see Gen. 11)\c
<hw>Babi</hw> \K/"bA:bi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i a member of an eclectic Persian sect founded in 1844, teaching that a new prophet would follow Muhammad, and later giving rise to the Baha'i faith. \BBabism\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Persian \IBab,\i 'gate' (= intermediary), name taken by the founder\c
<hw>babirusa</hw> \K/bA:bI"ru:s\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bbabiroussa)\b \IZool\i a wild hog, Babyrousa babyrussa, with upturned tusks, native to the Malay Archipelago.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Malay, from \Ibabi\i 'hog' + \Irusa\i 'deer'\c
<hw>baboon</hw> \K/b\F'\n"bu:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool\i any of various large Old World monkeys of the genera \IPapio\i and \IMandrillus,\i having a long doglike snout, large teeth, and naked callosities on the buttocks.\p\B2\b an ugly or uncouth person. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, from Old French \Ibabuin\i or medieval Latin \Ibabewynus,\i perhaps from Old French \Ibaboue\i 'muzzle, grimace'\c
<hw>babu</hw> \K/"bA:bu:/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b (in the Indian subcontinent) a title of respect, esp. to Hindus.\p\B2\b \BAnglo-Ind.\b \Ioffens.\i an Indian clerk or official who has a superficial knowledge of English.\Kchecked with Vineeta Gupta; baboo omitted Aug 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Hindi \Ibabu,\i literally 'father'\c
<hw>babushka</hw> \K/b\F'\n"bUSk\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b (in Russia) an old woman; a grandmother.\Ksense 1 new f. SOED, corpus Jul 93\k\p\B2\b \IFashion\i a headscarf tied under the chin. \BEtymology:\b \3Russian, = grandmother\c
<hw>baby</hw> \K/"beIbi/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b a very young child or infant, esp. one not yet able to walk.\p\B2\b an unduly childish person \3(is a baby about injections).\c\p\B3\b the youngest member of a family, team, etc.\p\B4\b \I(often \Battrib.)\b\i \Ba\b a young or newly born animal. \Bb\b a thing that is small of its kind \3(baby car;\c \2baby rose).\c\p\B5\b \Islang\i a young woman; a sweetheart (often as a form of address).\p\B6\b \Islang\i a person or thing regarded with affection or familiarity.\p\B7\b one's own responsibility, invention, concern, achievement, etc., regarded in a personal way. \Iv.tr.\i \B(-ies,\b \B-ied)\b\p\B1\b treat like a baby.\p\B2\b pamper.\p\1carry (or hold) the baby\c bear unwelcome responsibility.\p\1throw away (or out) the baby with the bathwater\c reject the essential with the inessential. \Bbabyhood\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English (as \J\Xbabe\x,\j \J\X-y\x (2))\j\c
<hw>baby blue</hw> \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\pa light blue colour. \Iadj.\i \I(hyphenated when \Battrib.)\b\i of this colour.\Kcolour; new f. corpus, OED Dec 93\k
<hw>baby boom</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ISociol\i \Icolloq.\i a temporary marked increase in the birth rate.
<hw>baby boomer</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ISociol\i a person born during a baby boom, esp. after the Second World War.
<hw>baby bouncer</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b a frame supported by elastic or springs, into which a child is harnessed to exercise its limbs.
<hw>baby buggy</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b \Ipropr.\i a kind of child's collapsible pushchair.\p\B2\b \BN. Amer.\b a pram.\Ksense 2 new f. SOED Jul 93\k
<hw>baby carriage</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b a pram.
<hw>baby face</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a smooth round face like a baby's.\p\B2\b a person with such a face. \Bbaby-faced\b \Iadj.\i\Knew f. corpus Sept 94\k
<hw>baby grand</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMus\i the smallest size of grand piano.
<hw>Babygro</hw> \K/"beIbIgr\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b \BBrit.\b \IClothing\i \Ipropr.\i a kind of all-in-one stretch garment for babies. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbaby\x\j + \J\Xgrow\x\j\c
<hw>Babylonian</hw> \K/babI"l\F'\nUnI\F'\nn/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\IPeople\i an inhabitant of Babylon, an ancient city and kingdom in Mesopotamia. \Iadj.\i of or relating to Babylon. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \IBabylonius\i via Greek \IBabulonios\i from \IBabulon,\i from Hebrew \IBabel\i\c
<hw>baby's breath</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot.\i any of various scented plants, esp. Gypsophila paniculata.\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED, suggestions box Jul 93\k
<hw>babysit</hw> \K/"beIbIsIt/\k \Iv.intr.\i \B(-sitting;\b \Ipast\i and \Ipast part.\i \B-sat)\b look after a child or children while the parents are out. \Bbabysitter\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>baby-snatcher</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Icolloq.\i\p\B1\b \ICriminol\i a person who abducts a very young child.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b = \J\Xcradle-snatcher\x.\j
<hw>baby talk</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ILinguistics\i childish talk used by or to young children.
<hw>baby walker</hw>\p\In.\i\pa wheeled frame in which a baby learns to walk.
<hw>Bacardi</hw> \K/b\F'\n"kA:di/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \BBacardis)\b \Ipropr.\i \IDrink\i a West Indian rum produced originally in Cuba. \BEtymology:\b \3name of the company producing it\c
<hw>baccalaureate</hw> \K/bak\F'\n"lO:rI\F'\nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IEducation\i\p\B1\b an examination intended to qualify successful candidates for higher education, esp. in France and many international schools.\p\B2\b the university degree of bachelor. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IbaccalaurΘat\i or medieval Latin \Ibaccalaureatus,\i from \Ibaccalaureus\i 'bachelor'\c
<hw>baccarat</hw> \K/"bak\F'\nrA:/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICards\i a gambling card game played by punters in turn against the banker. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ibaccara,\i of unknown origin\c
<hw>bacchanal</hw> \K/"bak\F'\nn(\F'\n)l/, /-nal/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a wild and drunken revelry.\p\B2\b a drunken reveller.\p\B3\b \IMythol Rom.Hist\i a priest, worshipper, or follower of Bacchus, the Greek or Roman god of wine. \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IMythol\i of or like Bacchus or his rites.\p\B2\b riotous, roistering. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ibacchanalis\i from \IBacchus,\i from Greek \IBakkhos\i\c
<hw>Bacchanalia</hw> \K/bak\F'\n"neIlI\F'\n/\k \In.pl.\i\p\B1\b \IRom.Hist Mythol\i the Roman festival of Bacchus.\p\B2\b \B(bacchanalia)\b a drunken revelry. \BBacchanalian\b \Iadj. & n.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, neut. pl. of \Ibacchanalis:\i see \J\Xbacchanal\x\j\c
<hw>bacchant</hw> \K/"bak\F'\nnt/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bbacchants\b or \Bbacchantes\b \K/b\F'\n"kanti:z/\k; \Ifem.\i \Bbacchante\b \K/b\F'\n"kant/, /b\F'\n"kanti/\k) \IMythol Rom.Hist\i\p\B1\b a priest, priestess, or follower of Bacchus.\p\B2\b a drunken reveller. \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of or like Bacchus or his rites.\p\B2\b riotous, roistering. \Bbacchantic\b \K/b\F'\n"kantIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ibacchante\i from Latin \Ibacchari\i 'celebrate bacchanal rites'\c
<hw>bachelor</hw> \K/"batS\F'\nl\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an unmarried man.\p\B2\b \IEducation\i a man or woman who has taken the degree of Bachelor of Arts or Science etc.\p\B3\b \Ihist.\i a young knight serving under another's banner. \Bbachelorhood\b\p\In.\i\p\Bbachelorship\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English & Old French \Ibacheler\i 'aspirant to knighthood', of uncertain origin\c
<hw>bachelor girl</hw>\p\In.\i\pan independent unmarried young woman.
<hw>bachelor's buttons</hw> \In.pl.\i \I(treated as \Bsing.\b or \Bpl.)\b\i \IBot\i any of various button-like flowers, esp. the double buttercup.
<hw>bacillary</hw> \K/b\F'\n"sIl\F'\nri/\k \Iadj.\i \IBiol\i relating to or caused by bacilli.
<hw>bacillus</hw> \K/b\F'\n"sIl\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bbacilli\b \K/-lVI/, /-li:/\k)\p\B1\b \IBiol\i any rod-shaped bacterium.\p\B2\b \I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i any pathogenic bacterium. \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin, diminutive of Latin \Ibaculus\i 'stick'\c
<hw>back</hw> \K/bak/\k \In., adv., v., & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \IAnat\i the rear surface of the human body from the shoulders to the hips. \Bb\b the corresponding upper surface of an animal's body. \Bc\b the spine \3(fell and broke his back).\c \Bd\b \INaut\i the keel of a ship.\p\B2\b \Ba\b any surface regarded as corresponding to the human back, e.g. of the head or hand, or of a chair. \Bb\b the part of a garment that covers the back.\p\B3\b \Ba\b the less active or visible or important part of something functional, e.g. of a knife or a piece of paper \3(write it on the back).\c \Bb\b the side or part normally away from the spectator or the direction of motion or attention, e.g. of a car, house, or room \3(stood at the back).\c\p\B4\b \ISport\i \Ba\b a defensive player in field games. \Bb\b this position.\p\B5\b \B(the Backs)\b the grounds of Cambridge colleges which back on to the River Cam. \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b to the rear; away from what is considered to be the front \3(go back a bit;\c \2ran off without looking back).\c\p\B2\b \Ba\b in or into an earlier or normal position or condition \3(came back late;\c \2went back home;\c \2ran back to the car;\c \2put it back on the shelf).\c \Bb\b in return \3(pay back).\c\p\B3\b in or into the past \3(back in June;\c \2three years back).\c\p\B4\b at a distance \3(stand back from the road).\c\p\B5\b in check \3(hold him back).\c\p\B6\b \I(foll. by \Bof)\b\i \BN. Amer.\b behind \3(was back of the house).\c\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b help with moral or financial support. \Bb\b \IRacing\i bet on the success of (a horse etc.).\p\B2\b \Itr. & intr.\i move, or cause (a vehicle etc.) to move, backwards.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b put or serve as a back, background, or support to. \Bb\b \IMus.\i accompany.\p\B4\b \Itr.\i lie at the back of \3(a beach backed by steep cliffs).\c\p\B5\b \Iintr.\i \IMeteorol\i (of the wind) move round in an anticlockwise direction. \Iattrib.adj.\i\p\B1\b situated behind, esp. as remote or subsidiary \3(back entrance;\c \2back teeth).\c\p\B2\b of or relating to the past; not current \3(back pay;\c \2back issue).\c\p\B3\b reversed \3(back flow).\c\p\B4\b \IPhonet.\i formed at the back of the mouth.\Ksense 4 new, standardized with front Sept 94\k\p\1at a person's back\c in pursuit or support.\p\1at the back of one's mind\c remembered but not consciously thought of.\p\1back and forth\c to and fro.\p\Bback down\b withdraw one's claim or point of view etc.; concede defeat in an argument etc.\p\1the back of beyond\c a very remote or inaccessible place.\p\Bback off\b\p\B1\b draw back, retreat.\p\B2\b abandon one's intention, stand, etc.\p\Bback on to\b have its back adjacent to \3(the house backs on to a field).\c\p\Bback out\b \I(often foll. by \Bof)\b\i withdraw from a commitment.\p\Bback up\b\p\B1\b give (esp. moral) support to.\p\B2\b \IComputing\i make a spare copy of (data, a disk, etc.).\p\B3\b (of running water) accumulate behind an obstruction.\p\B4\b reverse (a vehicle) into a desired position.\p\B5\b form a queue of vehicles etc., esp. in congested traffic.\p\1get (or put) a person's back up\c annoy or anger a person.\p\1get off a person's back\c stop troubling a person.\p\1go back on\c fail to honour (a promise or commitment).\p\1know like the back of one's hand\c be entirely familiar with.\p\1on one's back\c injured or ill in bed.\p\1on the back burner\c \Isee\i \J\Xburner\x.\j\p\1put one's back into\c approach (a task etc.) with vigour.\p\1see the back of\c \Isee\i \J\Xsee\x (1).\j\p\1turn one's back on\c\p\B1\b abandon.\p\B2\b ignore.\p\1with one's back to (or up against) the wall\c in a desperate situation; hard-pressed. \Bbacker\b\p\In.\i\p(in sense 1 of \Iv.).\i \Bbackless\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibµc,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>backache</hw> \K/"bakeIk/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a (usu. prolonged) pain in one's back.
<hw>backbar</hw> \K/"bakbA:/\k\p\In.\i\p\Besp. US\b \IDrink\i a structure behind a bar counter, with shelves for holding bottles etc.\Knew f. usab, inc., corpus, Sept 94\k
<hw>backbeat</hw> \K/"bakbi:t/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMus.\i a strong accent on one of the normally unaccented beats of the bar, esp. in jazz and popular music.\Knew word in COD9 f. NSOED, corpus Jul 93\k
<hw>backbench</hw> \K/bak"bEn(t)S/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IPolit\i a backbencher's seat in the House of Commons.
<hw>backbencher</hw> \K/bAk"bEn(t)S\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IPolit\i a Member of Parliament not holding a senior office.
<hw>backbiting</hw> \K/"bakbVItIN/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\pmalicious talk. \Iattrib.adj.\i speaking ill of another or others. \Bbackbiter\b\p\In.\i\p\Kdenested to replace backbite - based on frequency Aug 94\k
<hw>backblocks</hw> \K/"bakblQks/\k \In.pl.\i \BAustral.\b & \BNZ\b \IGeog\i land in the remote and sparsely inhabited interior.
<hw>backboard</hw> \K/"bakbO:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a board worn to support or straighten the back.\p\B2\b a board placed at or forming the back of anything.\p\B3\b \IBasketball\i a board behind the basket, off which the ball may rebound.\Ksense 3 new f. SOED, incomings Oct 94\k
<hw>back boiler</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b a boiler behind and integral with a domestic fire.
<hw>backbone</hw> \K/"bakb\F'\nUn/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IAnat\i the spine.\p\B2\b the main support of a structure.\p\B3\b firmness of character.\p\B4\b \BUS\b \IBibliog\i the spine of a book.
<hw>back-breaking</hw> \Iadj.\i (esp. of manual work) extremely hard.
<hw>backchat</hw> \K/"baktSat/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i the practice of replying rudely or impudently.
<hw>backcloth</hw> \K/"bakklQT/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b\p\B1\b \ITheatr.\i a painted cloth at the back of the stage as a main part of the scenery.\p\B2\b the background to a scene or situation.\Ksense 2 new in COD9 f. POD, corpus Jul 93\k
<hw>backcomb</hw> \K/"bakk\F'\nUm/\k \Iv.tr.\i \BBrit.\b \IHairdressing\i comb (the hair) towards the the top of the head to make it look thicker.
<hw>backcountry</hw> \K/"bakkVntri/\k\p\In.\i\p\Besp. N. Amer.\b \IGeog\i an area away from settled districts.
<hw>back cross</hw> \Iv.tr. & n.\i \IBiol.\i \Iv.tr.\i cross (a hybrid) with one of its parents.\p\In.\i\pan instance or the product of this.\Kspelling changed in COD9 to match NSOED Jul 93\k
<hw>backdate</hw> \K/bak"deIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b put an earlier date to (an agreement etc.) than the actual one.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b make retrospectively valid.
<hw>back door</hw> \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the door or entrance at the back of a building.\Ksense 1 new f. corpus Jul 93\k\p\B2\b a secret or ingenious means of gaining an objective. \Iattrib.adj.\i \B(back-door)\b (of an activity) clandestine, underhand \3(back-door deal).\c
<hw>backdown</hw> \K/"bakdaUn/\k\p\In.\i\pan instance of backing down.
<hw>backfield</hw> \K/"bakfi:ld/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAmer. Football\i\p\B1\b the area of play behind the line of scrimmage.\p\B2\b the players in this, or their positions.\Knew f. Incs, NSOED Sept 94\k
<hw>backfill</hw> \K/"bakfIl/\k \Iv.tr.\i refill (an excavated hole) with the material dug out of it.
<hw>backfire</hw> \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.intr.\i \K/bak"fVI\F'\n/\k\p\B1\b \IMech\i undergo a mistimed explosion in the cylinder or exhaust of an internal-combustion engine.\p\B2\b (of a plan etc.) rebound adversely on the originator; have the opposite effect to what was intended.\p\In.\i\p\K/"bakfVI\F'\n/\k an instance of backfiring.
<hw>backflip</hw> \K/"bakflIp/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGym\i a backward somersault done in the air with the arms and legs stretched out straight.\Knew word in COD9 f. files, corpus, OED Jul 93\k
<hw>back-formation</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ILinguistics\i\p\B1\b the formation of a word from its seeming derivative (e.g. \Ilaze\i from \Ilazy).\i\p\B2\b a word formed in this way.
<hw>backgammon</hw> \K/"bakgam\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGames\i\p\B1\b a game for two played on a board with pieces moved according to throws of the dice.\p\B2\b the most complete form of win in this. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xback\x\j + \J\Xgammon\x (2)\j\c
<hw>background</hw> \K/"bakgraUnd/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IArt etc.\i part of a scene, picture, or description, that serves as a setting to the chief figures or objects and foreground.\p\B2\b an inconspicuous or obscure position \3(kept in the background).\c\p\B3\b a person's education, knowledge, or social circumstances.\p\B4\b explanatory or contributory information or circumstances.\p\B5\b \IPhysics\i low-intensity ambient radiation from radioisotopes present in the natural environment.\p\B6\b \IElectronics\i unwanted signals, such as noise in the reception or recording of sound.
<hw>background music</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMus\i music intended as an unobtrusive accompaniment to some activity, or to provide atmosphere in a film etc.
<hw>backhand</hw> \K/"bakhand/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITennis etc.\i\p\B1\b a stroke played with the back of the hand turned towards the opponent.\p\B2\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i of or made with a backhand \3(backhand volley).\c
<hw>backhanded</hw> \K/bak"handId/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b (of a blow etc.) delivered with the back of the hand, or in a direction opposite to the usual one.\p\B2\b indirect; ambiguous \3(a backhanded compliment).\c\p\B3\b \ITennis etc.\i = \J\Xbackhand\x 2.\j
<hw>backhander</hw> \K/"bakhand\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \ITennis etc.\i a backhand stroke. \Bb\b a backhanded blow.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i an indirect attack.\p\B3\b \BBrit.\b \Islang\i a bribe.
<hw>backhoe</hw> \K/"bakh\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b \IBuilding\i a mechanical excavator which draws towards itself a bucket attached to a hinged boom.\Knew word in COD9 f. NSOED Jul 93\k
<hw>backing</hw> \K/"bakIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b support. \Bb\b a body of supporters. \Bc\b material used to form a back or support.\p\B2\b \IMus\i musical accompaniment, esp. to a singer.
<hw>backing track</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMus.\i a recorded musical accompaniment, esp. for a soloist to play or sing along with.\Knew word in COD9 f. POD, corpus Jul 93\k
<hw>backlash</hw> \K/"baklaS/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an excessive or marked adverse reaction.\p\B2\b \Ba\b a sudden recoil or reaction between parts of a mechanism. \Bb\b excessive play between such parts.
<hw>backlight</hw> \K/"baklVIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhotog.\i illumination from behind.\Knew f. incomings oct 94\k
<hw>backlist</hw> \K/"baklIst/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPublishing\i a publisher's list of books published before the current season and still in print.
<hw>backlit</hw> \K/"baklIt/\k \Iadj.\i \IPhotog\i (esp. in photography) illuminated from behind.
<hw>backlog</hw> \K/"baklQg/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b arrears of uncompleted work etc.\p\B2\b a reserve; reserves \3(a backlog of goodwill).\c
<hw>backmarker</hw> \K/"bakmA:k\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ISport\i a competitor who has the least favourable handicap in a race etc.
<hw>back number</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IJournalism Bibliog\i an issue of a periodical earlier than the current one.\p\B2\b \Islang\i an out-of-date person or thing.
<hw>backpack</hw> \K/"bakpak/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\pa rucksack. \Iv.intr.\i travel or hike with a backpack. \Bbackpacker\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>back passage</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IAnat\i \Icolloq.\i the rectum.
<hw>back-pedal</hw> \Iv.intr.\i \B(-pedalled,\b \B-pedalling;\b \BUS\b \B-pedaled,\b \B-pedaling)\b\p\B1\b pedal backwards on a bicycle etc.\p\B2\b reverse one's previous action or opinion.
<hw>back-projection</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhotog\i the projection of a picture from behind a translucent screen for viewing or filming.
<hw>backrest</hw> \K/"bakrEst/\k\p\In.\i\pa support for the back.
<hw>back room</hw>\p\In.\i\p\I(often, with hyphen, \Battrib.)\b\i a place where secret work is done.
<hw>backscattering</hw> \K/"bakskat(\F'\n)rIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i the scattering of radiation in a reverse direction. \Bbackscatter\b \Iv.tr. & n.\i\Kderiv. new f. incomings, Abate oct 94\k
<hw>back-scratcher</hw> \K/"bakskratS\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a rod terminating in a clawed hand for scratching one's own back.\p\B2\b a person who performs mutual services with another for gain. \Bback-scratching\b \In. & adj.\i\Kback-scratching new f. incomings, corpus Feb 95\k
<hw>back seat</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a seat at the back of a vehicle, hall, etc.\p\B2\b an inferior position or status.\Ksense 1 new f. SOED Dec 94\k
<hw>back-seat driver</hw>\p\In.\i\pa person who is eager to advise without responsibility (originally of a passenger in a car etc.).
<hw>backside</hw> \K/bak"sVId/, /"baksVId/\k\p\In.\i\p\Icolloq.\i the buttocks.
<hw>backsight</hw> \K/"baksVIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMil\i the sight of a rifle etc. that is nearer the stock.\p\B2\b \ISurveying\i a sight or reading taken backwards or towards the point of starting.
<hw>back slang</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ILinguistics\i slang using words spelt backwards (e.g. \Iyob).\i
<hw>backslash</hw> \K/"bakslaS/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPrinting\i a backward-sloping diagonal line; a reverse solidus (\).
<hw>backslide</hw> \K/"bakslVId/\k \Iv.intr.\i \I(past\i \B-slid;\b \Ipast part.\i \B-slid\b or \B-slidden)\b relapse into bad ways or error. \Bbackslider\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>backspace</hw> \K/"bakspeIs/\k \Iv.intr.\i move a typewriter carriage or computer cursor back one or more spaces.
<hw>backspin</hw> \K/"bakspIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISport\i a backward spin imparted to a ball causing it to fly off at an angle on hitting a surface.
<hw>backstage</hw> \K/bak"steIdZ/\k \Iadv. & adj.\i \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b \ITheatr.\i out of view of the audience, esp. in the wings or dressing rooms.\p\B2\b not known to the public. \Iadj.\i \Kalso /"bak-/\k that is backstage; concealed.
<hw>backstairs</hw> \K/"bakstE:z/\k \In.pl.\i\p\B1\b stairs at the back or side of a building.\p\B2\b (also \Bbackstair)\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i denoting underhand or clandestine activity.
<hw>backstay</hw> \K/"baksteI/\k\p\In.\i\p\INaut\i a rope etc. leading downwards and aft from the top of a mast.
<hw>backstitch</hw> \K/"bakstItS/\k \In. & v.\i \INeedlework\i\p\In.\i\psewing with overlapping stitches. \Iv.tr. & intr.\i sew using backstitch.
<hw>backstop</hw> \K/"bakstQp/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \ICricket etc.\i a fielder directly behind the wicketkeeper. \Bb\b \IBaseball\i \I=\i \J\Xcatcher\x 2.\j \Bc\b these fielding positions.\p\B2\b an emergency precaution.
<hw>backstreet</hw> \K/"bakstri:t/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a street in a quiet part of a town, away from the main streets.\p\B2\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i denoting illicit or illegal activity \3(a backstreet abortion).\c
<hw>backstroke</hw> \K/"bakstr\F'\nUk/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISport\i a swimming stroke performed on the back with the arms lifted alternately out of the water in a backward circular motion and the legs extended in a kicking action.
<hw>back-to-back</hw> \Iadj., n., & adv.\i \IArchit\i \Iattrib.adj.\i\p\B1\b \Besp. Brit.\b (of houses) with a party wall at the rear.\p\B2\b \BN. Amer.\b consecutive.\Ksense 2 new f. SOED, corpus Jul 93\k\p\In.\i\pa back-to-back house.\Knoun new in COD9 f. corpus Jul 93\k \Iadv.\i \B(back to back)\b\p\B1\b with backs adjacent and opposite each other \3(we stood back to back).\c\p\B2\b \BN. Amer.\b consecutively.\Kadv. sense 2 new f. kpb., Inc., Sept 94\k
<hw>back to front</hw> \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b with the back at the front and the front at the back.\p\B2\b in disorder.
<hw>back-to-nature</hw> \Iadj.\i \I(usu. \Battrib.)\b\i \IPhilos\i denoting a movement or enthusiast for the reversion to a simpler way of life.
<hw>back-up</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b moral or technical support \3(called for extra back-up).\c\p\B2\b a reserve.\p\B3\b \I(often \Battrib.)\b\i \IComputing\i \Ba\b the procedure for making security copies of data \3(back-up facilities).\c \Bb\b the copy itself \3(made a back-up).\c\p\B4\b \BN. Amer.\b \IMotoring\i a queue of vehicles etc., esp. in congested traffic.
<hw>backup light</hw> \K/"bakVp/\k\p\In.\i\p\BUS\b \IMotoring\i a reversing light.
<hw>backveld</hw> \K/"bakvElt/\k\p\In.\i\p\BS.Afr.\b \IGeog\i remote country districts, esp. those strongly conservative. \Bbackvelder\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>backward</hw> \K/"bakw\F'\nd/\k \Iadv. & adj.\i \Iadv.\i = \J\Xbackwards\x.\j \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b directed to the rear or starting point \3(a backward look).\c\p\B2\b reversed.\p\B3\b mentally retarded or slow.\p\B4\b reluctant, shy, unassertive.\p\B5\b \ICricket\i (of a fielding position) behind a line through the stumps at right angles to the wicket.\Ksense 5 new f. SOED Aug 94\k \Bbackwardness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3earlier \Iabackward,\i associated with \J\Xback\x\j\c \IBackward\i is both an adjective and an adverb, while \Ibackwards\i is only an adverb and more common than \Ibackward\i as such, especially in literal senses.
<hw>backwardation</hw> \K/bakw\F'\n"deIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Besp. Brit.\b \IStock Exch.\i the percentage paid by a person selling stock for the right of delaying the delivery of it \I(cf.\i \J\Xcontango\x).\j
<hw>backwards</hw> \K/"bakw\F'\ndz/\k \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b away from one's front \3(lean backwards;\c \2look backwards).\c\p\B2\b \Ba\b with the back foremost \3(walk backwards).\c \Bb\b in reverse of the usual way \3(count backwards;\c \2spell backwards).\c\p\B3\b \Ba\b into a worse state \3(new policies are taking us backwards).\c \Bb\b into the past \3(looked backwards over the years).\c \Bc\b (of a thing's motion) back towards the starting point \3(rolled backwards).\c\p\1backwards and forwards\c in both directions alternately; to and fro.\p\1bend (or fall or lean) over backwards\c \I(often foll. by \Bto\b + infin.)\i \Icolloq.\i make every effort, esp. to be fair or helpful.\p\1know backwards\c be entirely familiar with. See Usage Note at \J\Xbackward\x.\j
<hw>backwash</hw> \K/"bakwQS/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \INaut\i receding waves created by the motion of a ship etc. \Bb\b \IAeron\i a backward current of air created by a moving aircraft.\p\B2\b repercussions.
<hw>backwater</hw> \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\K/"bakwO:t\F'\n/\k\p\B1\b a place or condition remote from the centre of activity or thought.\p\B2\b stagnant water fed from a stream. \Iv.intr.\i \B(back water)\b \INaut\i reverse a boat's forward motion using oars.
<hw>backwoods</hw> \K/"bakwUdz/\k \In.pl.\i \IGeog\i\p\B1\b remote uncleared forest land.\p\B2\b any remote or sparsely inhabited region.
<hw>backwoodsman</hw> \K/"bakwUdzm\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-men)\b\p\B1\b an inhabitant of backwoods.\p\B2\b an uncouth person.\p\B3\b \IPolit.\i a peer who very rarely attends the House of Lords.\Ksense 3 new in COD9 f. NSOED, corpus Jul 93\k
<hw>backyard</hw> \K/bak"jA:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b a yard at the back of a house etc.\p\B2\b \BN. Amer.\b a back garden.\p\1in one's own backyard\c \Icolloq.\i near one's home; in one's own area; near at hand.
<hw>baclava</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xbaklava\x.\j
<hw>bacon</hw> \K/"beIk(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFood\i cured meat from the back or sides of a pig.\p\1bring home the bacon\c \Icolloq.\i\p\B1\b succeed in one's undertaking.\p\B2\b supply material provision or support. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Frankish \Ibako\i ham, flitch: related to \J\Xback\x\j\c
<hw>Baconian</hw> \K/beI"k\F'\nUnI\F'\nn/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i \IPhilos\i of or relating to the English philosopher Sir Francis Bacon (d. 1626), or to his inductive method of reasoning and philosophy.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a supporter of the view that Bacon was the author of Shakespeare's plays.\p\B2\b a follower of Bacon.
<hw>bactericide</hw> \K/bak"tI\F'\nrIsVId/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPharm Biol Chem\i a substance capable of destroying bacteria. \Bbactericidal\b \K/-"sVId(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i
<hw>bacteriology</hw> \K/bak%tI\F'\nrI"Ql\F'\ndZi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiol\i the study of bacteria. \Bbacteriological\b \K/-\F'\n"lQdZIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Bbacteriologically\b \K/-\F'\n"lQdZIk(\F'\n)li/\k \Iadv.\i \Bbacteriologist\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>bacteriolysis</hw> \K/bak%tI\F'\nrI"QlIsIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiol\i the rupture of bacterial cells.
<hw>bacteriolytic</hw> \K/bak%tI\F'\nrI\F'\n"lItIk/\k \Iadj.\i \IBiol\i capable of lysing bacteria.
<hw>bacteriophage</hw> \K/bak"tI\F'\nrI\F'\n(U)feIdZ/, /-fA:Z/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiol\i a virus which parasitizes a bacterium by infecting it and reproducing inside it. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbacterium\x\j + Greek \Iphagein\i 'eat'\c
<hw>bacteriostat</hw> \K/bak"tI\F'\nrI\F'\n(U)stat/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiol\i a substance which inhibits the multiplying of bacteria without destroying them. \Bbacteriostasis\b\p\In.\i\p\Bbacteriostatic\b \Iadj.\i\Kbacteriostat new f. NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbacterium\x\j + Greek \Istatos\i 'standing'\c
<hw>bacterium</hw> \K/bak"tI\F'\nrI\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bbacteria\b \K/-rI\F'\n/\k) \IBiol\i a member of a large group of unicellular micro-organisms lacking organelles and an organized nucleus, some of which can cause disease. \Bbacterial\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from Greek \Ibakterion,\i diminutive of \Ibaktron\i 'stick'\c A very common mistake is the use of \Ibacteria\i as the singular form, e.g. \IThe salmonella bacteria accounts for the majority of food poisoning cases today.\i This is not acceptable and the form \Ibacterium\i should always be used in such examples.
<hw>Bactrian</hw> \K/"baktrI\F'\nn/\k \Iadj.\i of or relating to Bactria, a region and former empire in central Asia (now northern Afghanistan). \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \IBactrianus\i from Greek \IBaktrianos\i\c
<hw>Bactrian camel</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a camel with two humps, Camelus ferus, native to central Asia.
<hw>bad</hw> \K/bad/\k \Iadj., n., & adv.\i \Iadj.\i \B(worse\b \K/w\F'\n:s/\k; \Bworst\b \K/w\F'\n:st/\k)\p\B1\b inferior, inadequate, defective \3(bad work;\c \2a bad driver;\c \2bad light).\c\p\B2\b \Ba\b unpleasant, unwelcome \3(bad weather;\c \2bad news).\c \Bb\b unsatisfactory, unfortunate \3(a bad business).\c\p\B3\b harmful \3(is bad for you).\c\p\B4\b \Ba\b (of food) decayed, putrid. \Bb\b (of the atmosphere) polluted, unhealthy \3(bad air).\c\Ksense 4b new f. OERD, incomings Mar 94\k\p\B5\b \Icolloq.\i ill, injured \3(am feeling bad today;\c \2a bad leg).\c\p\B6\b \Icolloq.\i regretful, guilty, ashamed \3(feels bad about it).\c\p\B7\b (of an unwelcome thing) serious, severe \3(a bad headache;\c \2a bad mistake).\c\p\B8\b \Ba\b morally wicked or offensive \3(a bad man;\c \2bad language).\c \Bb\b naughty; badly behaved \3(a bad child).\c\p\B9\b worthless; not valid \3(a bad cheque).\c\p\B10\b \B(badder,\b \Bbaddest)\b \Besp. US\b \Islang\i good, excellent.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b ill fortune \3(take the bad with the good).\c \Bb\b ruin; a degenerate condition \3(go to the bad).\c\p\B2\b the debit side of an account \3(ú500 to the bad).\c\p\B3\b \I(treated as \Bpl.;\b\i \Iprec. by \Bthe)\b\i bad or wicked people. \Iadv.\i \BN. Amer.\b \Icolloq.\i badly \3(took it bad).\c\p\1from bad to worse\c into an even worse state.\p\1in a bad way\c ill; in trouble \3(looked in a bad way).\c\p\1not (or not so) bad\c \Icolloq.\i fairly good.\p\1too bad\c \Icolloq.\i (of circumstances etc.) regrettable but now beyond retrieval. \Bbaddish\b \Iadj.\i \Bbadness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, perhaps from Old English \Ibµddel\i 'hermaphrodite, womanish man': for loss of \Il\i cf. \J\Xmuch\x,\j \J\Xwench\x\j\c
<hw>badass</hw> \K/"badas/\k \In. & adj.\i \Besp. N. Amer.\b \Islang\i\p\In.\i\pan aggressive, uncooperative person; a troublemaker. \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b tough, aggressive.\p\B2\b bad, worthless.\p\B3\b formidable, excellent.\Knew f. News, incomings Mar 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xass\x (2)\j\c
<hw>bad blood</hw>\p\In.\i\pill feeling.
<hw>bad books</hw> \Isee\i \J\Xbook\x.\j\Kidm at book\k
<hw>bad break</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Icolloq.\i\p\B1\b a piece of bad luck.\p\B2\b a mistake or blunder.
<hw>bad company</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a dull companion.\p\B2\b an unsuitable associate or group of friends.
<hw>bad debt</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i a debt that is not recoverable.
<hw>baddy</hw> \K/"badi/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bbaddie)\b \I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \ICinematog Literature\i \Icolloq.\i a villain or criminal, esp. in a story, film, etc.\Kvar. spelling new in COD9 f. corpus; now matches goody Jul 93\k
<hw>bad form</hw>\p\In.\i\pan offence against current social conventions.
<hw>badge</hw> \K/badZ/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a distinctive emblem worn as a mark of office, membership, achievement, licensed employment, etc.\p\B2\b any feature or sign which reveals a characteristic condition or quality. \Iv.tr.\i mark with or distinguish by a badge.\Kv. new f. SOED Dec 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English: origin unknown\c
<hw>badger</hw> \K/"badZ\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \IZool\i an omnivorous greyish-black nocturnal Eurasian mammal, Meles meles, of the weasel family, having a white head with two black stripes, and living in burrows called sets. \Bb\b a related N. American animal, Taxidea taxus.\Knoun sense 1b new f. OERD April 94\k\p\B2\b a fishing-fly, brush, etc., made of its hair. \Iv.tr.\i pester, harass, tease. \BEtymology:\b \316th c.: perhaps from \J\Xbadge\x,\j with reference to its white forehead mark\c
<hw>badinage</hw> \K/"badInA:Z/\k\p\In.\i\phumorous or playful ridicule. \BEtymology:\b \3French from \Ibadiner\i 'to joke'\c
<hw>bad job</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i an unfortunate state of affairs.
<hw>badlands</hw> \K/"badlandz/\k \In.pl.\i \IGeog Geol\i extensive uncultivable eroded tracts in arid areas. \BEtymology:\b \3translation of French \Imauvaises terres\i\c
<hw>bad lot</hw>\p\In.\i\pa person of bad character.
<hw>badly</hw> \K/"badli/\k \Iadv.\i \B(worse\b \K/w\F'\n:s/\k; \Bworst\b \K/w\F'\n:st/\k)\p\B1\b in a bad manner \3(works badly).\c\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i very much \3(wants it badly).\c\p\B3\b severely \3(was badly defeated).\c
<hw>badminton</hw> \K/"badmInt(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ISport\i a game with rackets in which a shuttlecock is played back and forth across a net.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b \IDrink\i a summer drink of claret, soda, and sugar. \BEtymology:\b \3\IBadminton\i in S. England, a country house where the game was first played\c
<hw>bad news</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Icolloq.\i an unpleasant or troublesome person or thing.
<hw>bad scran</hw> \Isee\i \J\Xscran\x.\j
<hw>bad-tempered</hw> \Iadj.\i having a bad temper; irritable; easily annoyed. \Bbad-temperedly\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>Baedeker</hw> \K/"beIdIk\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pany of various travel guidebooks published by the firm founded by the German Karl \IBaedeker\i (d. 1859).
<hw>baffle</hw> \K/"baf(\F'\n)l/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b confuse or perplex (a person, one's faculties, etc.).\p\B2\b \Ba\b frustrate or hinder (plans etc.). \Bb\b restrain or regulate the progress of (fluids, sounds, etc.).\p\In.\i\p(also \Bbaffle plate)\b \IElectronics Physics\i a device used to restrain the flow of fluid, gas, etc., or to limit the emission of sound, light, etc. \Bbafflement\b\p\In.\i\p\Bbaffling\b \Iadj.\i \Bbafflingly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3perhaps related to French \Ibafouer\i 'ridicule', Old French \Ibeffer\i 'mock, deceive'\c
<hw>baffle board</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics Electronics\i a device to prevent sound from spreading in different directions, esp. round a loudspeaker cone.
<hw>BAFTA</hw> \K/"baft\F'\n/\k \Iabbr.\i \IBroadcasting Cinematog\i British Academy of Film and Television Arts.
<hw>bag</hw> \K/bag/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a receptacle of flexible material with an opening at the top.\p\B2\b \Ba\b \I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i a piece of luggage \3(put the bags in the boot).\c \Bb\b a woman's handbag.\p\B3\b \I(in \Bpl.;\b\i \Iusu. foll. by \Bof)\b\i \Besp. Brit.\b \Icolloq.\i a large amount; plenty \3(bags of time).\c\p\B4\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \BBrit.\b \IClothing\i \Icolloq.\i trousers.\p\B5\b \Islang\i \Iderog.\i a woman, esp. regarded as unattractive or unpleasant.\p\B6\b \IZool\i an animal's sac containing poison, honey, etc.\p\B7\b \IHunting\i an amount of game shot by a hunter.\p\B8\b \I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i \IAnat\i baggy folds of skin under the eyes.\p\B9\b \Islang\i a person's particular interest or preoccupation, esp. in a distinctive style or category of music \3(his bag is Indian music).\c\p\Iv.\i\p\B(bagged,\b \Bbagging)\b\p\B1\b \Itr.\i put in a bag.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \Icolloq.\i \Ba\b secure; get hold of \3(bagged the best seat).\c \Bb\b \Icolloq.\i steal. \Bc\b \IHunting\i shoot (game). \Bd\b (often in phr. \Bbags I)\b \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i claim on grounds of being the first to do so \3(bagged first go;\c \2bags I go first).\c\p\B3\b \Ba\b \Iintr.\i hang loosely; bulge; swell. \Bb\b \Itr.\i cause to do this.\p\B4\b \Itr.\i \BAustral.\b \Islang\i criticize, disparage.\p\1bag and baggage\c with all one's belongings.\p\1bag of bones\c an emaciated person or animal.\Kb. of bones new in COD9 f. NSOED, corpus Jul 93\k\p\1bag of nerves\c a very tense or timid person.\Kb. of nerves new in COD9 f. NSOED, corpus Jul 93\k\p\1bag (or whole bag) of tricks\c \Icolloq.\i everything; the whole lot.\p\1in the bag\c \Icolloq.\i achieved; as good as secured. \Bbagful\b\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-fuls).\b \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, perhaps from Old Norse \Ibaggi\i\c
\B\Ibagarre\b\i \K/bA:"gA:/, French /bagar/\k\p\In.\i\pa scuffle or brawl. \BEtymology:\b \3French\c
<hw>bagasse</hw> \K/b\F'\n"gas/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i the dry pulpy residue left after the extraction of juice from sugar cane, usable as fuel or to make paper etc. \BEtymology:\b \3French, from Spanish \Ibagazo\i\c
<hw>bagatelle</hw> \K/bag\F'\n"tEl/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IGames\i a game in which small balls are struck into numbered holes on a board, with pins as obstructions.\p\B2\b a mere trifle; a negligible amount.\p\B3\b \IMus.\i a short piece of music, esp. for the piano. \BEtymology:\b \3French from Italian \Ibagatella\i diminutive, perhaps from \Ibaga\i \J\Xbaggage\x\j or Latin \Ibaca\i 'berry'\c
<hw>bagel</hw> \K/"beIg(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i a hard bread roll in the shape of a ring.\Kvariant beigel omitted Oct 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Yiddish \Ibeygel\i\c
<hw>baggage</hw> \K/"bagIdZ/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b everyday belongings packed up in suitcases etc. for travelling; luggage.\p\B2\b the portable equipment of an army.\p\B3\b \Ijoc.\i or \Iderog.\i a girl or woman.\p\B4\b mental encumbrances.\Ksense 4 new in COD9 f. SOED Jul 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, from Old French \Ibagage\i from \Ibaguer\i 'tie up' or \Ibagues\i 'bundles': perhaps related to \J\Xbag\x\j\c
<hw>bag lady</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Besp. N. Amer.\b a homeless woman who carries her possessions around in shopping bags.
<hw>bagman</hw> \K/"bagm\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-men)\b\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b \ICommerce\i \Islang\i a travelling salesman.\p\B2\b \BAustral.\b a tramp.\p\B3\b \BCanad.\b \IPolit\i a political fund-raiser.\Ksense 3 new f. usab, inc., Sept 94\k\p\B4\b \BUS\b & \BAustral.\b \Islang\i an agent who collects or distributes the proceeds of illicit activities.
<hw>bagnio</hw> \K/"bA:nj\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b\p\B1\b a brothel.\p\B2\b an oriental prison. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian \Ibagno\i from Latin \Ibalneum\i 'bath'\c
<hw>bagpipe</hw> \K/"bagpVIp/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i \IMus\i a musical instrument consisting of a windbag squeezed by the player's arm to force air into reeded pipes, usu. including a chanter with finger-holes to play the melody and one or more drones. \Bbagpiper\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>baguette</hw> \K/ba"gEt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ICookery\i a long narrow French loaf.\p\B2\b \IMineral\i a gem cut in a long rectangular shape.\p\B3\b \IArchit.\i a small moulding, semicircular in section. \BEtymology:\b \3French from Italian \Ibacchetto,\i diminutive of \Ibacchio,\i from Latin \Ibaculum\i 'staff'\c
<hw>bagworm</hw> \K/"bagw\F'\n:m/\k\p\In.\i\p\BUS\b \IZool\i any of various destructive caterpillars which live in silk cases covered in plant debris.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k
<hw>bah</hw> \K/bA:/\k \Iint.\i an expression of contempt or disbelief. \BEtymology:\b \3probably French\c
<hw>Baha'i</hw> \K/bA:"hA:i/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \BBaha'is)\b \IRelig\i an adherent of a monotheistic religion founded in 1863 as a branch of Babism (see \J\XBabi\x),\j emphasizing religious unity and world peace. \BBaha'ism\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Persian \Ibahß\i 'splendour'\c
<hw>Bahamian</hw> \K/b\F'\n"heImI\F'\nn/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\IPeople\i\p\B1\b a native or national of the Bahamas in the W. Indies.\p\B2\b a person of Bahamian descent. \Iadj.\i of or relating to the Bahamas.
<hw>Bahasa Indonesia</hw> \K/b\F'\n%hA:s\F'\n %Ind\F'\n"ni:zj\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILanguage\i the official language of Indonesia. \BEtymology:\b \3Indonesian \Ibahasa\i 'language' from Sanskrit \Ibhasa\i 'speech, language'\c
<hw>baht</hw> \K/bA:t/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i same) \ICurrency\i the basic monetary unit of Thailand.\Knew in COD9 f. corpus Feb 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Thai \Ibat\i\c
<hw>Bahutu</hw> \I\Ipl.\i of\i \J\XHutu\x.\j
<hw>bail (1)</hw> \K/beIl/\k \In. & v.\i \ICriminol\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b money etc. required as security against the temporary release of a prisoner pending trial.\p\B2\b a person or persons giving such security. \Iv.tr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bout)\b\i\p\B1\b release or secure the release of (a prisoner) on payment of bail.\p\B2\b (also \Bbale\b by association with \Ibale out\i 1: see \J\Xbale\x (1))\j release from a difficulty; come to the rescue of.\p\1forfeit (or \Icolloq.\i jump) bail\c fail to appear for trial after being released on bail.\p\1go (or stand) bail\c \I(often foll. by \Bfor)\b\i act as surety (for an accused person). \Bbailable\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ibail\i 'custody', \Ibailler\i 'take charge of', from Latin \Ibajulare\i 'bear a burden'\c
<hw>bail (2)</hw> \K/beIl/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ICricket\i either of the two crosspieces bridging the stumps.\p\B2\b the bar on a typewriter holding the paper against the platen.\p\B3\b a bar separating horses in an open stable.\p\B4\b \BAustral.\b & \BNZ\b a framework for securing the head of a cow during milking.\p\Iv.\i\p\I(usu. foll. by \Bup)\b\i \BAustral.\b & \BNZ\b\p\B1\b \Itr.\i secure (a cow) during milking.\p\B2\b \Ba\b \Itr.\i make (a person) hold up his or her arms to be robbed. \Bb\b \Iintr.\i surrender by throwing up one's arms. \Bc\b \Itr.\i buttonhole (a person). \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ibail(e)\i 'enclosure', perhaps from Latin \Ibaculum\i 'stick'\c
<hw>bail (3)</hw> \K/beIl/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \BBrit.\b \Bbale)\b \INaut\i\p\B1\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bout)\b\i scoop water out of (a boat etc.).\p\B2\b scoop (water etc.) out.\p\Bbail out\b \Ivar. of\i \Ibale out\i 1 (see \J\Xbale\x (1)).\j \Bbailer\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3obsolete \Ibail\i 'bucket' from French \Ibaille,\i ultimately from Latin \Ibajulus\i 'carrier'\c
<hw>bail bandit</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICriminol\i \Icolloq.\i a person who commits a crime while on bail.\Knew in COD9 f. NEWS Feb 94\k
<hw>bailee</hw> \K/beI"li:/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i a person or party to whom goods are committed for a purpose, e.g. custody or repair, without transfer of ownership. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbail\x (1)\j + \J\X-ee\x\j\c
<hw>bailey</hw> \K/"beIli/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-eys)\b \IArchit Fortification\i\p\B1\b the outer wall of a castle.\p\B2\b a court enclosed by it. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, variant of \J\Xbail\x (2)\j\c
<hw>Bailey bridge</hw> \K/"beIli/\k\p\In.\i\p\IArchit Mil\i a temporary bridge of lattice steel designed for rapid assembly from prefabricated standard parts, used esp. in military operations. \BEtymology:\b \3named after Sir D. \IBailey\i (d. 1985), its designer\c
<hw>bailie</hw> \K/"beIli/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i \Iesp. hist.\i a municipal officer and magistrate in Scotland. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, from Old French \Ibailli(s)\i \J\Xbailiff\x\j\c
<hw>bailiff</hw> \K/"beIlIf/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i\p\B1\b \Besp. Brit.\b a sheriff's officer who executes writs and processes and carries out distraints and arrests.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b the agent or steward of a landlord.\p\B3\b \BN. Amer.\b an official in a court of law who keeps order, looks after prisoners, etc.\p\B4\b \BBrit.\b \I(hist.\i except in formal titles) the sovereign's representative in a district, esp. the chief officer of a hundred.\p\B5\b the first civil officer in the Channel Islands. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ibaillif,\i ultimately from Latin \Ibajulus\i 'carrier, manager'\c
<hw>bailiwick</hw> \K/"beIlIwIk/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ijoc.\i a person's sphere of operations or particular area of interest.\p\B2\b \ILaw\i the district or jurisdiction of a bailie or bailiff. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbailie\x\j + \J\Xwick\x (2)\j\c
<hw>bailment</hw> \K/"beIlm(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i the act of delivering goods etc. for a (usu. specified) purpose.
<hw>bailor</hw> \K/beI"lO:/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i a person or party that entrusts goods to a bailee. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbail\x (1)\j + \J\X-or\x (1)\j\c
<hw>bailout</hw> \K/"beIlaUt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFinance\i financial assistance given to a failing business, economy, etc., to save it from collapse.\Knew word in COD9 f. ODNW, corpus Jul 93\k
<hw>bailsman</hw> \K/"beIlzm\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-men)\b \ILaw\i a person who stands bail for another. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbail\x (1)\j + \J\Xman\x\j\c
<hw>bain-marie</hw> \K/banm\F'\n"ri:/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bbains-marie\b \Ipronunc.\i same) \ICookery\i a cooking utensil consisting of a vessel of hot water in which a receptacle containing a sauce etc. can be slowly and gently heated; a double boiler. \BEtymology:\b \3French, translation of medieval Latin \Ibalneum Mariae\i 'bath of Maria' (an alleged Jewish alchemist)\c
<hw>Bairam</hw> \K/bVI"rA:m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i either of two annual Muslim festivals, \BGreater\b and \BLesser Bairam.\b \BEtymology:\b \3Turkish & Persian\c
<hw>bairn</hw> \K/bE:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BSc.\b & \BN.Engl.\b a child. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibearn\i\c
<hw>bait</hw> \K/beIt/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b food used to entice a prey, esp. a fish or an animal.\p\B2\b an allurement; something intended to tempt or entice.\p\B3\b \Iarchaic\i a halt on a journey for refreshment or a rest.\p\B4\b \Ivar. of\i \J\Xbate\x.\j\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b harass or annoy (a person). \Bb\b torment (a chained animal).\p\B2\b \Itr.\i put bait on (a hook, trap, etc.) to entice a prey.\p\B3\b \Iarchaic\i \Ba\b \Itr.\i \IRiding\i give food to (horses on a journey). \Bb\b \Iintr.\i stop on a journey to take food or a rest. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, from Old Norse \Ibeita\i 'hunt or chase'\c
<hw>baize</hw> \K/beIz/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITextiles\i a coarse usu. green woollen material resembling felt used as a covering or lining, esp. on the tops of billiard tables and card tables. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ibaies\i (pl.) fem. of \Ibai\i 'chestnut-coloured' \J(\Xbay\x (4)),\j treated as sing.\c
<hw>bajra</hw> \K/"bA:dZrA:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFood\i (in the Indian subcontinent) pearl millet or similar grain. \BEtymology:\b \3Hindi\c
<hw>bake</hw> \K/beIk/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \ICookery\i \Ba\b \Itr.\i cook (food) by dry heat in an oven or on a hot surface, without direct exposure to a flame. \Bb\b \Iintr.\i undergo the process of being baked.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \Icolloq.\i \Ba\b (usu. as \Bbe baking)\b (of weather etc.) be very hot. \Bb\b (of a person) be hot.\p\B3\b \IPottery etc.\i \Ba\b \Itr.\i harden (clay etc.) by heat. \Bb\b \Iintr.\i (of clay etc.) be hardened by heat.\p\B4\b \Ba\b \Itr.\i (of the sun) affect by its heat, e.g. ripen (fruit). \Bb\b \Iintr.\i be affected by the sun's heat.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or an instance of baking.\p\B2\b a batch of baking.\p\B3\b \BUS\b a social gathering at which baked food is eaten.\p\1bake blind\c see \J\Xblind\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibacan\i\c
<hw>baked Alaska</hw> \K/\F'\n"lask\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i sponge cake and ice cream in a meringue covering. \BEtymology:\b \3\IAlaska,\i name of a state of the US\c
<hw>baked beans</hw> \In.pl.\i \ICookery\i baked haricot beans, usu. \BBrit.\b tinned in tomato sauce or \BUS\b cooked with salt pork.
<hw>Bakelite</hw> \K/"beIk\F'\nlVIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\Ipropr.\i \IChem\i any of various thermosetting resins or plastics made from formaldehyde and phenol and used for cables, buttons, plates, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3German \IBakelit\i from L.H. \IBaekeland,\i its Belgian-born inventor d. 1944\c
<hw>baker</hw> \K/"beIk\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pa person who bakes and sells bread, cakes, etc., esp. professionally. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibµcere\i\c
<hw>Baker day</hw> \K/"beIk\F'\n deI/\k\p\In.\i\p\IEducation\i \Icolloq.\i (in England and Wales) a day set aside for the in-service training of teachers, now usu. called \IINSET day\i \I(see\i \J\XINSET\x).\j\Knew word in COD9 f. POD, ODNW Jul 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3K. \IBaker,\i name of the Education Secretary (1986-9) who introduced the practice\c
<hw>baker's dozen</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i thirteen (so called from the former bakers' custom of adding an extra loaf to a dozen sold; the exact reason for this is unclear).
<hw>bakery</hw> \K/"beIk(\F'\n)ri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \ICommerce\i a place where bread and cakes are made or sold.
<hw>Bakewell tart</hw> \K/"beIkwEl/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i a baked open pie consisting of a pastry case lined with jam and filled with a rich almond paste. \BEtymology:\b \3\IBakewell\i in Derbyshire\c
<hw>baking powder</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i a mixture of sodium bicarbonate, cream of tartar, etc., used instead of yeast in baking.
<hw>baklava</hw> \K/"bA:kl\F'\nv\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bbaclava)\b \ICookery\i a rich dessert of flaky pastry, honey, and nuts. \BEtymology:\b \3Turkish\c
<hw>baksheesh</hw> \K/bak"Si:S/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bbacksheesh)\b (in some oriental countries) a small sum of money given as a gratuity or as alms. \BEtymology:\b \3ultimately from Persian \IbakÜiÜ\i from \IbakÜidan\i 'give'\c
<hw>balaclava</hw> \K/bal\F'\n"klA:v\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p(in full \Bbalaclava helmet)\b \IClothing Fashion\i a tight woollen garment covering the whole head and neck except for parts of the face, worn originally by soldiers on active service in the Crimean War. \BEtymology:\b \3\IBalaclava\i in the Crimea, the site of a battle in 1854\c
<hw>balalaika</hw> \K/bal\F'\n"lVIk\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMus\i a guitar-like musical instrument having a triangular body and from two to four strings, popular in Russia and other Slavonic countries. \BEtymology:\b \3Russian\c
<hw>balance</hw> \K/"bal(\F'\n)ns/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPhysics\i an apparatus for weighing, esp. one with a central pivot, beam, and two scales.\p\B2\b \IPhysics\i \Ba\b a counteracting weight or force. \Bb\b (in full \Bbalance wheel)\b \IWatchmaking\i the regulating device in a clock etc.\p\B3\b \Ba\b an even distribution of weight or amount. \Bb\b stability of body or mind \3(regained his balance).\c\p\B4\b a preponderating weight or amount \3(the balance of opinion).\c\p\B5\b \ICommerce\i \Ba\b an agreement between or the difference between credits and debits in an account. \Bb\b the difference between an amount due and an amount paid \3(will pay the balance next week).\c \Bc\b an amount left over; the rest.\p\B6\b \Ba\b \IArt\i harmony of design and proportion. \Bb\b \IMus.\i the relative volume of various sources of sound \3(bad balance between violins and trumpets).\c\p\B7\b \B(the Balance)\b \IAstron Astrol\i the zodiacal sign or constellation Libra.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \I(foll. by \Bwith,\b \Bagainst)\b\i offset or compare (one thing) with another \3(must balance the advantages with the disadvantages).\c\p\B2\b \Itr.\i counteract, equal, or neutralize the weight or importance of.\p\B3\b \Ba\b \Itr.\i bring into or keep in equilibrium \3(balanced a book on her head).\c \Bb\b \Iintr.\i be in equilibrium \3(balanced on one leg).\c\p\B4\b \Itr.\i (usu. as \Bbalanced\b \Iadj.)\i establish equal or appropriate proportions of elements in \3(a balanced diet;\c \2balanced opinion).\c\p\B5\b \Itr.\i weigh (arguments etc.) against each other.\p\B6\b \ICommerce\i \Ba\b \Itr.\i compare and esp. equalize debits and credits of (an account). \Bb\b \Iintr.\i (of an account) have credits and debits equal.\p\1in the balance\c uncertain; at a critical stage.\p\1on balance\c all things considered.\p\1strike a balance\c choose a moderate course or compromise. \Kbalanceable omitted Jul 93\k\Bbalancer\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French, ultimately from Late Latin \I(libra)\i \Ibilanx bilancis\i '(balance) having two scale-pans'\c
<hw>balance of payments</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IEcon\i \ICommerce\i the difference in value between payments into and out of a country.
<hw>balance of power</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i\p\B1\b a situation in which states of the world have roughly equal power.\p\B2\b the power held by a small group when larger groups are of equal strength.
<hw>balance of trade</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IEcon\i \ICommerce\i the difference in value between imports and exports.
<hw>balance sheet</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i a written statement of the balance of assets and liabilities of an organization at a particular point in time.
<hw>balance wheel</hw> \Isee\i \J\Xbalance\x\p\In.\i\p2b.\j\Knew as hwd Aug 94\k
<hw>balancing act</hw>\p\In.\i\pan action or activity that requires achieving a delicate balance between different situations or requirements.\Knew word in COD9 f. corpus Jul 93\k
<hw>balata</hw> \K/"bal\F'\nt\F'\n/, /b\F'\n"lA:t\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b any of several latex-yielding trees of Central America, esp. Manilkara bidentata.\p\B2\b the dried sap of this used as a substitute for gutta-percha. \BEtymology:\b \3ultimately from Carib\c
<hw>Balbriggan</hw> \K/bal"brIg(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITextiles\i a knitted cotton fabric used for underwear etc. \BEtymology:\b \3\IBalbriggan\i in Ireland, where it was originally made\c
<hw>balcony</hw> \K/"balk\F'\nni/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \IArchit\i a usu. balustraded platform on the outside of a building, with access from an upper-floor window or door.\p\B2\b \ITheatr\i \Ba\b the tier of seats in a theatre above the dress circle. \Bb\b the upstairs seats in a cinema etc. \Bc\b \BN. Amer.\b the dress circle in a theatre. \Bbalconied\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Italian \Ibalcone\i\c
<hw>bald</hw> \K/bO:ld/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b (of a person) with the scalp wholly or partly lacking hair.\p\B2\b (of an animal, plant, etc.) not covered by the usual hair, feathers, leaves, etc.\p\B3\b \Icolloq.\i with the surface worn away \3(a bald tyre).\c\p\B4\b \Ba\b blunt, unelaborated \3(a bald statement).\c \Bb\b undisguised \3(the bald effrontery).\c\p\B5\b meagre or dull \3(a bald style).\c\p\B6\b marked with white, esp. on the face \3(a bald horse).\c \Bbalding\b \Iadj.\i (in senses 1-3). \Bbaldish\b \Iadj.\i \Bbaldly\b \Iadv.\i (in sense 4). \Bbaldness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English \Iballede,\i originally 'having a white blaze', probably from an Old English root \Iball-\i 'white patch'\c
<hw>baldachin</hw> \K/"bald\F'\nkIn/, /"bO:ld-/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bbaldaquin)\b\p\B1\b a ceremonial canopy over an altar, throne, etc.\p\B2\b a rich brocade. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian \Ibaldacchino\i from \IBaldacco\i 'Baghdad', the brocade's place of origin\c
<hw>bald eagle</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a white-headed eagle, Haliaeetus leucocephalus, used as the emblem of the United States.
<hw>balderdash</hw> \K/"bO:ld\F'\ndaS/\k\p\In.\i\psenseless talk or writing; nonsense. \BEtymology:\b \317th c. in the sense 'a mixture of drinks', then 'a senseless jumble of words': origin unknown\c
<hw>baldhead</hw> \K/"bO:ldhEd/\k\p\In.\i\pa person with a bald head.
<hw>baldmoney</hw> \K/"bO:ldmVni/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-eys)\b \IBot\i = \J\Xspignel\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English in the sense 'gentian': origin unknown\c
<hw>baldric</hw> \K/"bO:ldrIk/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i \Ihist.\i a belt for a sword, bugle, etc., hung from the shoulder across the body to the opposite hip. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English \Ibaudry\i from Old French \Ibaudrei,\i of unknown origin\c
<hw>baldy</hw> \K/"bO:ldi/\k \In. & adj.\i (also \Bbaldie)\b\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b a bald person. \Iadj.\i bald.\Knew f. corpus, SOED Sept 94\k
<hw>bale (1)</hw> \K/beIl/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IAgriculture etc.\i a bundle of merchandise or hay etc. tightly wrapped and bound with cords or hoops.\p\B2\b \ISci Measure\i the quantity in a bale as a measure, \Besp. US\b 500 lb of cotton. \Iv.tr.\i make up into bales.\p\Bbale (or bail) out\b\p\B1\b \IAeron\i (of a pilot etc.) make an emergency parachute descent from an aircraft \I(cf.\i \J\Xbail\x (3)).\j\p\B2\b = \J\Xbail\x (1)\p\Iv.\i\p2.\j \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, probably from Middle Dutch, ultimately identical with \J\Xball\x (1)\j\c
<hw>bale (2)</hw> \K/beIl/\k\p\In.\i\p\Iarchaic\i or \Ipoet.\i evil, destruction, woe, pain, misery. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ib(e)alu\i\c
<hw>baleen</hw> \K/b\F'\n"li:n/\k\p\In.\i\pwhalebone. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ibaleine\i from Latin \Ibalaena\i 'whale'\c
<hw>baleen whale</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i any of various whales of the suborder Mysticeti, having plates of whalebone in the mouth for straining plankton from the water.
<hw>baler</hw> \K/"beIl\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAgriculture\i a machine for making bales of hay, straw, metal, etc.
<hw>Balinese</hw> \K/bA:lI"ni:z/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i same)\p\B1\b \IPeople\i a native of Bali, an island in Indonesia.\p\B2\b \ILanguage\i the language of Bali. \Iadj.\i of or relating to Bali or its people or language.
<hw>balk</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xbaulk\x.\j
<hw>Balkan</hw> \K/"bQlk\F'\nn/, /"bO:l-/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of or relating to the region of SE Europe bounded by the Adriatic, the Aegean, and the Black Sea.\p\B2\b \IPeople\i of or relating to its peoples or countries.\p\In.\i\p\B(the Balkans)\b the Balkan countries. \BEtymology:\b \3Turkish\c
<hw>Balkanize</hw> \K/"bQlk\F'\nnVIz/, /"bO:l-/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b \IPolit.\i divide (an area) into smaller mutually hostile states.\Knew f. COD7, incomings, corpus Aug 93\k \BBalkanization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>balky</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xbaulky\x.\j
<hw>ball (1)</hw> \K/bO:l/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a solid or hollow sphere, esp. for use in a game.\p\B2\b \Ba\b a ball-shaped object; material forming the shape of a ball \3(ball of snow;\c \2ball of wool;\c \2rolled himself into a ball).\c \Bb\b \IAnat\i a rounded part of the body \3(ball of the foot).\c\p\B3\b \IBallistics\i a solid non-explosive missile for a cannon etc.\p\B4\b \ISport\i a single delivery of a ball in cricket, baseball, etc., or passing of a ball in football.\p\B5\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \IAnat\i \Icoarse slang\i \Ba\b the testicles. \Bb\b \BBrit.\b (usu. as an exclamation of contempt) nonsense, rubbish. \Bc\b \BBrit.\b = \J\Xballs-up\x.\j \Bd\b courage, 'guts'.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i squeeze or wind into a ball.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i form or gather into a ball or balls.\p\1the ball is in your etc. court\c you etc. must be next to act.\p\Bballs (or \BBrit.\b ball) up\b \Icoarse slang\i bungle; make a mess of.\p\1have the ball at one's feet\c have one's best opportunity.\p\1keep the ball rolling\c maintain the momentum of an activity.\p\1on the ball\c \Icolloq.\i alert.\p\1play ball\c \Icolloq.\i cooperate.\p\1start etc. the ball rolling\c set an activity in motion; make a start. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old Norse \Ib÷llr,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>ball (2)</hw> \K/bO:l/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a formal social gathering for dancing.\p\B2\b \Islang\i an enjoyable time \3(esp. have a ball).\c \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ibal\i from Late Latin \Iballare\i 'to dance'\c
<hw>ballad</hw> \K/"bal\F'\nd/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IProsody Mus\i a poem or song narrating a popular story.\p\B2\b \IMus\i a slow sentimental or romantic song. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ibalade\i from Provenτal \Ibalada\i 'dancing-song', from \Ibalar\i 'to dance'\c
<hw>ballade</hw> \K/ba"lA:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IProsody\i a poem of one or more triplets of stanzas with a repeated refrain and an envoi.\p\B2\b \IMus.\i a short lyrical piece, esp. for piano. \BEtymology:\b \3earlier spelling and pronunciation of \J\Xballad\x\j\c
<hw>balladeer</hw> \K/bal\F'\n"dI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMus\i a singer or composer of ballads.
<hw>ball-and-socket joint</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAnat.\i a natural or man-made joint in which a rounded end lies in a concave cup or socket, allowing freedom of movement.
<hw>ballast</hw> \K/"bal\F'\nst/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \INaut\i any heavy material placed in a ship or the car of a hot-air balloon etc. to secure stability.\p\B2\b coarse stone etc. used to form the bed of a railway track or road.\p\B3\b \IBuilding\i a mixture of coarse and fine aggregate for making concrete.\Ksense 3 new in COD9 f. POD Jul 93\k\p\B4\b \IElectr.\i any device used to stabilize the current in a circuit.\p\B5\b anything that affords stability or permanence. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b provide with ballast.\p\B2\b afford stability or weight to. \BEtymology:\b \316th c.: from Low German or Scandinavian, of uncertain origin\c
<hw>ball-bearing</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMech\i\p\B1\b a bearing in which the two halves are separated by a ring of small metal balls which reduce friction.\p\B2\b one of these balls.
<hw>ballboy</hw> \K/"bO:lbOI/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(fem.\i \Bballgirl\b \K/-g\F'\n:l/\k) \ITennis etc.\i a boy or girl who retrieves balls that go out of play during a game of tennis etc.
<hw>ballcock</hw> \K/"bO:lkQk/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMech\i a floating ball on a hinged arm, whose movement up and down controls the water level in a cistern etc.
<hw>ballerina</hw> \K/bal\F'\n"ri:n\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IDancing Ballet\i a female ballet dancer. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian, fem. of \Iballerino\i 'dancing master' from \Iballare\i 'to dance' from Late Latin\c
<hw>ballet</hw> \K/"baleI/, /-li/\k\p\In.\i\p\IDancing Ballet\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a dramatic or representational style of dancing and mime, using set steps and techniques and usu. (esp. in classical ballet) accompanied by music. \Bb\b a particular piece or performance of ballet. \Bc\b the music for this.\p\B2\b a company performing ballet. \Bballetic\b \K/b\F'\n"lEtIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French from Italian \Iballetto,\i diminutive of \Iballo\i \J\Xball\x (2)\j\c
<hw>ballet dancer</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBallet\i a dancer who specializes in ballet.
<hw>balletomane</hw> \K/"balIt\F'\nUmeIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IDancing\i a devotee of ballet. \Bballetomania\b \K/-"meInI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>ball game</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ISport\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b any game played with a ball. \Bb\b \BN. Amer.\b a game of baseball.\p\B2\b \Besp. N. Amer.\b \Icolloq.\i a particular affair or concern \3(a whole new ball game).\c
<hw>ballgirl</hw> \Isee\i \J\Xballboy\x.\j
<hw>ballista</hw> \K/b\F'\n"lIst\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bballistae\b \K/-sti:/\k) \IMil Ballistics\i a catapult used in ancient warfare for hurling large stones etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin from Greek \Iballo\i 'throw'\c
<hw>ballistic</hw> \K/b\F'\n"lIstIk/\k \Iadj.\i \IMil Ballistics\i\p\B1\b of or relating to projectiles.\p\B2\b moving under the force of gravity only.\p\1go ballistic\c \Besp. N. Amer.\b \Islang\i become furious.\Knew f. OERD Sept 94\k \Bballistically\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xballista\x\j + \J\X-ic\x\j\c
<hw>ballistic missile</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i a missile which is initially powered and guided but falls under gravity on its target.
<hw>ballistics</hw> \K/b\F'\n"lIstIks/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMil Ballistics\i the science of projectiles and firearms.
<hw>ball lightning</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMeteorol\i a rare globular form of lightning.
<hw>balloon</hw> \K/b\F'\n"lu:n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a small inflatable rubber pouch with a neck, used as a child's toy or as decoration.\p\B2\b \ITransport Aeron\i a large usu. round bag inflatable with hot air or gas to make it rise in the air, often carrying a basket for passengers.\p\B3\b \Icolloq.\i a balloon shape enclosing the words or thoughts of characters in a comic strip or cartoon.\p\B4\b \IDrink\i a large globular drinking glass, usu. for brandy.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr. & tr.\i swell out or cause to swell out like a balloon.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i travel by balloon.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \BBrit.\b hit or kick (a ball etc.) high in the air.\p\1when the balloon goes up\c \Icolloq.\i when the action or trouble starts. \Bballoonist\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Iballon\i or Italian \Iballone\i 'large ball'\c
<hw>ballot</hw> \K/"bal\F'\nt/\k \In. & v.\i \IPolit\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a process of voting, in writing and usu. secret.\p\B2\b the total of votes recorded in a ballot.\p\B3\b the drawing of lots.\p\B4\b a paper or ticket etc. used in voting.\p\Iv.\i\p\B(balloted,\b \Bballoting)\b\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bfor)\b\i \Ba\b hold a ballot; give a vote. \Bb\b draw lots for precedence etc.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i take a ballot of \3(the union balloted its members).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Italian \Iballotta,\i diminutive of \Iballa\i \J\Xball\x (1)\j (from the practice of registering votes by placing coloured balls in a container)\c
<hw>ballot box</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i a sealed box into which voters put completed ballot papers.
<hw>ballot paper</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IPolit\i a slip of paper used to register a vote.
<hw>ballpark</hw> \K/"bO:lpA:k/\k\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b\p\B1\b \ISport Baseball\i a baseball ground.\p\B2\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i \Icolloq.\i approximate, rough \3(a ballpark figure).\c\p\1in the right ballpark\c \Icolloq.\i close to one's objective; approximately correct.
<hw>ballpoint</hw> \K/"bO:lpOInt/\k\p\In.\i\p(in full \Bballpoint pen)\b a pen with a tiny ball as its writing point.\Kto match POD8 Aug 92 aaw\k
<hw>ball-race</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IEngin.\i\p\B1\b a ring-shaped groove in which the balls of a ball-bearing move.\p\B2\b a ball-bearing.\Knew in COD9 f. suggestions box, CED Jul 93\k
<hw>ballroom</hw> \K/"bO:lru:m/, /-rUm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IDancing\i a large room or hall for dancing.
<hw>ballroom dancing</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IDancing\i formal social dancing as a recreation or performed competitively.
<hw>balls-up</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \Icoarse slang\i a mess; a confused or bungled situation.
<hw>ballsy</hw> \K/"bO:lzi/\k \Iadj.\i \Islang\i\p\B1\b manly, powerful.\p\B2\b courageous.\Knew f. corpus, SOED, incomings Dec 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xball\x (1)\p\In.\i\p5d\j\c
<hw>ball valve</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IEngin\i a valve opened or closed by a ball which fits into a cup-shaped opening.\Knew f. OED, Coll. Oct 93\k
<hw>bally</hw> \K/"bali/\k \Iadj. & adv.\i \BBrit.\b \Islang\i a mild form of \Ibloody\i (see \J\Xbloody\x \Iadj.\i 3)\j \3(took the bally lot).\c \BEtymology:\b \3alteration of \J\Xbloody\x\j\c
<hw>ballyhoo</hw> \K/balI"hu:/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a loud noise or fuss; a confused state or commotion.\p\B2\b extravagant or sensational publicity. \BEtymology:\b \319th c., originally US: origin unknown\c
<hw>balm</hw> \K/bA:m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot. etc.\i\p\B1\b an aromatic ointment for anointing, soothing, or healing.\p\B2\b a fragrant and medicinal exudation from certain trees and plants.\p\B3\b a healing or soothing influence or consolation.\p\B4\b a tree that yields balm, esp. an Asian and N. African tree of the genus \ICommiphora.\i\p\B5\b any aromatic herb, esp. one of the genus \IMelissa.\i\p\B6\b a pleasant perfume or fragrance. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iba(s)me\i from Latin \Ibalsamum\i \J\Xbalsam\x\j\c
<hw>balm of Gilead</hw> \K/"gIlIad/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i (cf. Jer. 8:22)\p\B1\b \Ba\b \IMed\i a fragrant resin formerly much used as an unguent. \Bb\b a tree of the genus \ICommiphora\i yielding such resin.\p\B2\b the balsam fir or poplar.
<hw>balmoral</hw> \K/bal"mQr(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFashion Mil\i\p\B1\b a type of brimless boat-shaped cocked hat with a cockade or ribbons attached, usu. worn by certain Scottish regiments.\p\B2\b a heavy leather walking boot with laces up the front. \BEtymology:\b \3\IBalmoral\i Castle in Scotland\c
<hw>balneology</hw> \K/balnI"Ql\F'\ndZi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i the scientific study of bathing and medicinal springs. \Bbalneological\b \K/-nI\F'\n"lQdZIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Bbalneologist\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ibalneum\i 'bath' + \J\X-logy\x\j\c
<hw>BALPA</hw> \K/"balp\F'\n/\k \Iabbr.\i \IAeron\i British Air Line Pilots Association.\Kspelling checked with BALPA Aug 94\k
<hw>balsa</hw> \K/"bQls\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b (in full \Bbalsa wood)\b \IForestry Carpentry\i a type of tough lightweight wood used for making models, rafts, etc.\p\B2\b the tropical American tree, Ochroma lagopus, from which it comes. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish, = raft\c
<hw>balsam</hw> \K/"bO:ls\F'\nm/, /"bQl-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot. etc.\i\p\B1\b an aromatic resinous exudation, such as balm, obtained from various trees and shrubs and used as a base for certain fragrances and medical preparations.\p\B2\b an ointment, esp. one composed of a substance dissolved in oil or turpentine.\p\B3\b any of various trees or shrubs which yield balsam.\p\B4\b any of several flowering plants of the genus \IImpatiens.\i\p\B5\b a healing or soothing agency. \Bbalsamic\b \K/-"samIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English, from Latin \Ibalsamum\i\c
<hw>balsam fir</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a N. American tree, Abies balsamea, which yields balsam.
<hw>balsamic vinegar</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i a dark, sweet, Italian vinegar, matured in wooden barrels.\Knew f. OERD Aug 94\k
<hw>balsam poplar</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i any of various N. American poplars, esp. Populus balsamifera, yielding balsam.
<hw>balsa wood</hw> \Isee\i \J\Xbalsa\x 1.\j\Knew as hwd Aug 94\k
<hw>Balti</hw> \K/"bO:lti/, /"balti/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i a type of Pakistani curry, usu. cooked and served in a dish like a shallow wok.\Knew f. corpus, News Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \320th c.: origin uncertain; perhaps from \IBalti\i 'native or inhabitant of Baltistan'\c
<hw>Baltic</hw> \K/"bO:ltIk/, /"bQlt-/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\IGeog\i\p\B1\b \B(the Baltic)\b \Ba\b an almost landlocked sea of northern Europe. \Bb\b the states bordering this sea.\p\B2\b \ILanguage Linguistics\i an Indo-European branch of languages including Old Prussian, Lithuanian, Latvian, and Lettish. \Iadj.\i of or relating to the Baltic or the branch of languages called \IBaltic.\i \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \IBalticus\i from Late Latin \IBalthae\i 'dwellers near the Baltic Sea'\c
<hw>baluster</hw> \K/"bal\F'\nst\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IArchit\i each of a series of usu. ornamental short posts or pillars supporting a rail or coping etc. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ibalustre\i via Italian and Latin from Greek \Ibalaustion\i 'wild-pomegranate flower', which the baluster resembles in shape\c \IBaluster\i is sometimes confused with \Ibanister\i because their meanings overlap. A \Ibaluster\i is usually a curved ornamental post forming part of a \Ibalustrade\i which is mainly found around a gallery, bridge, or terrace, as in \IExpert craftsmen have restored stone balusters taken from the bridge and fitted plinths to the top to form bird tables.\i A \Ibanister\i is a post supporting the handrail of a staircase, e.g. \IHe shook the stair banisters and rail and found they were loose.\i It can also mean the posts together with the rail, as in \IHe looked over the banister(s).\i In this case it is often used in the plural.Occasionally, a large staircase in a grand house may have ornamental carved banisters, in which case they may be called \Ibalusters.\i
<hw>balustrade</hw> \K/bal\F'\n"streId/\k\p\In.\i\p\IArchit\i a railing supported by balusters, esp. forming an ornamental parapet to a balcony, bridge, or terrace. \Bbalustraded\b \Iadj.\i\Kbalustraded new in COD9 f. POD Jul 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3French (as \J\Xbaluster\x)\j\c
<hw>bambino</hw> \K/bam"bi:n\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bbambini\b \K/-ni/\k) \Icolloq.\i a young (esp. Italian) child. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian, diminutive of \Ibambo\i 'silly'\c
<hw>bamboo</hw> \K/bam"bu:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b a giant woody grass of the mainly tropical subfamily Bambusidae.\p\B2\b its hollow jointed stem, used as a stick or to make furniture etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Dutch \Ibamboes\i via Portuguese \Imambu\i from Malay\c
<hw>bamboo shoot</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IFood\i a young shoot of bamboo, eaten as a vegetable.\Knew word in COD9 f. POD Jul 93\k
<hw>ban</hw> \K/ban/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.tr.\i \B(banned,\b \Bbanning)\b forbid, prohibit, esp. formally.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a formal or authoritative prohibition \3(a ban on smoking).\c\p\B2\b a tacit prohibition by public opinion.\p\B3\b \Ihist.\i a sentence of outlawry.\p\B4\b \Iarchaic\i a curse or execration. \BEtymology:\b \3originally = public proclamation or summons, from Old English \Ibannan\i 'summon', from Germanic\c
<hw>banal</hw> \K/b\F'\n"nA:l/, /-"nal/\k \Iadj.\i trite, feeble, commonplace. \Bbanality\b \K/-"nalIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies).\b \Bbanally\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3originally in sense 'compulsory', hence 'common to all': French from \Iban\i (as \J\Xban\x)\j\c
<hw>banana</hw> \K/b\F'\n"nA:n\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b a long curved fruit with soft pulpy flesh and yellow skin when ripe, growing in clusters.\p\B2\b (in full \Bbanana tree)\b the tropical and subtropical treelike plant, Musa sapientum, bearing this.\p\1go bananas\c \Islang\i become crazy or angry. \BEtymology:\b \3Portuguese or Spanish, from a name in Guinea\c
<hw>banana republic</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i \Iderog.\i a small state, esp. in Central America, economically dependent on usu. one trade such as banana-growing and therefore dependent on foreign capital.
<hw>banana skin</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBot\i the skin of a banana.\p\B2\b a cause of upset or humiliation; a blunder.
<hw>banana split</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IFood\i a sweet dish made with split bananas, ice cream, sauce, etc.
<hw>banausic</hw> \K/b\F'\n"nO:sIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Iderog.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b uncultivated. \Bb\b materialistic.\p\B2\b suitable only for artisans. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ibanausikos\i 'for artisans'\c
<hw>Banbury cake</hw> \K/"banb(\F'\n)ri/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ICookery\i a flat pastry with a spicy currant filling. \BEtymology:\b \3\IBanbury\i in S. England, where it was originally made\c
<hw>banc</hw> \K/baNk/\k\p\In.\i\p\1in banc\c \ILaw\i sitting as a full court. \BEtymology:\b \3Anglo-French (= bench) from medieval Latin (as \J\Xbank\x (2))\j\c
<hw>band (1)</hw> \K/band/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a flat, thin strip or loop of material (e.g. paper, metal, or cloth) put round something esp. to hold it together or decorate it \3(headband).\c\p\B2\b \Ba\b a strip of material forming part of a garment \3(hatband;\c \2waistband).\c \Bb\b a stripe of a different colour or material on an object. \Bc\b a portion of a substance or of an area in the form of a long flat strip \3(a band of cloud).\c\Ksense 2c new f. corpus, Hector Aug 94\k\p\B3\b a range or category within which items fall \3(tax band;\c \2top band of the fifth form).\c\p\B4\b \Ba\b \IPhysics Electr\i a range of frequencies or wavelengths in a spectrum (esp. of radio frequencies). \Bb\b a range of values within a series.\p\B5\b a plain gold ring, esp. a gold wedding ring.\Ksense 5 new f. corpus, Hector Aug 94\k\p\B6\b \IMech.\i a belt connecting wheels or pulleys.\p\B7\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \IClothing\i a collar having two hanging strips, worn by some lawyers, ministers, and academics in formal dress.\p\B8\b \Iarchaic\i a thing that restrains, binds, connects, or unites; a bond. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b put a band on.\p\B2\b \Ba\b mark with stripes. \Bb\b (as \Bbanded\b \Iadj.)\i \IBot.\i & \IZool.\i marked with coloured bands or stripes.\p\B3\b \Ba\b divide into, or arrange in, bands or ranges with a view to treating the bands differently. \Bb\b \IEducation\i group (pupils) on the basis of ability.\Ksense 3 new in COD9 f. NSOED Jul 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, from Old French \Ibande,\i \Ibende\i (sense 6 from Old Norse \Iband),\i from Germanic\c
<hw>band (2)</hw> \K/band/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a group of musicians who play together (usu. popular rather than classical music) \3(jazz band;\c \2brass band;\c \2rock band).\c \Bb\b \Icolloq.\i an orchestra.\p\B2\b an organized group of people having a common object, esp. of a criminal nature \3(band of cut-throats).\c\p\B3\b \BN. Amer.\b a herd or flock. \Iv.tr. & intr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Btogether)\b\i form into a group for a purpose \3(band together for mutual protection).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ibande\i \I(n.),\i \Ibander\i \I(v.),\i medieval Latin \Ibanda,\i probably of Germanic origin\c
<hw>bandage</hw> \K/"bandIdZ/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMed\i a strip of material for binding up a wound etc.\p\B2\b a piece of material used as a blindfold. \Iv.tr.\i bind (a wound etc.) with a bandage. \BEtymology:\b \3French from \Ibande\i (as \J\Xband\x (1))\j\c
<hw>Band-Aid</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bband-aid)\b\p\B1\b \Ipropr.\i \Ba\b a type of sticking plaster with a gauze pad. \Bb\b a piece of this.\p\B2\b a makeshift or temporary solution.\Knew word in COD9 f. NSOED Jul 93\k
<hw>bandanna</hw> \K/ban"dan\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IClothing Fashion\i a large coloured handkerchief or neckerchief, usu. of silk or cotton, and often having white spots. \BEtymology:\b \3probably Portuguese from Hindi\c
<hw>B. & B.</hw> \Iabbr.\i (also \Bb. & b.)\b bed and breakfast.
<hw>bandbox</hw> \K/"ban(d)bQks/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFashion\i a usu. circular cardboard box for carrying hats, used originally for neckbands.\p\1out of a bandbox\c extremely neat. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xband\x (1)\j + \J\Xbox\x (1)\j\c
<hw>bandeau</hw> \K/"band\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bbandeaux\b \K/-d\F'\nUz/\k) \IFashion\i a narrow band worn round the head. \BEtymology:\b \3French\c
<hw>banderilla</hw> \K/band\F'\n"rIlj\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBullfighting\i a decorated dart thrust into a bull's neck or shoulders during a bullfight. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish, dimunitive of \Ibandera\i 'banner'\c
<hw>banderole</hw> \K/"band\F'\nr\F'\nUl/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bbanderol)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b \INaut\i a long narrow flag with a cleft end, flown at a masthead. \Bb\b an ornamental streamer on a knight's lance.\p\B2\b \Ba\b a ribbon-like scroll. \Bb\b a stone band resembling a banderole, bearing an inscription. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ibanderole\i from Italian \Ibanderuola,\i diminutive of \Ibandiera\i 'banner'\c
<hw>bandicoot</hw> \K/"bandIku:t/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i\p\B1\b any mainly insect-eating marsupial of the family Peramelidae, of Australia and New Guinea.\p\B2\b (in full \Bbandicoot rat)\b a destructive Asian rat of the genus \IBandicota,\i esp. the large B. indica. \BEtymology:\b \3Telugu \Ipandikokku\i literally 'pig-rat'\c
<hw>banding</hw> \K/"bandIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the presence or formation of visible bands or stripes.\p\B2\b division into a series of categories e.g. by ability, value, tax liability, etc.\p\B3\b \IBiochem.\i \Ba\b the pattern of regions on a chromosome made visible by staining. \Bb\b the separation of molecules into bands of concentration in a gel etc.\p\B4\b \IZool\i the labelling of individual birds or animals with bands.\Knew f. incomings April 94\k
<hw>bandit</hw> \K/"bandIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bbandits\b or \Bbanditti\b \K/-"dIti/\k)\p\B1\b a robber or murderer, esp. a member of a gang; a gangster.\p\B2\b an outlaw. \Bbanditry\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Italian \Ibandito\i (pl. \I-iti),\i past part. of \Ibandire\i 'ban', = medieval Latin \Ibannire\i 'proclaim': related to \J\Xban\x,\j \J\Xbanish\x\j\c
<hw>bandleader</hw> \K/"bandli:d\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMus\i the leader of a musical band.\Knew f. corpus Dec 93\k
<hw>bandmaster</hw> \K/"ban(d)mA:st\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMus\i the conductor of a (esp. military or brass) band. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xband\x (2)\j + \J\Xmaster\x\j\c
<hw>Band of Hope</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ISociol\i \IDrink\i (in the UK) an association promoting total abstinence from alcohol.
<hw>bandog</hw> \K/"bandQg/\k\p\In.\i\pa fighting dog bred for its strength and ferocity by crossing aggressive breeds.\Knew word in COD9 f. POD Jul 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3originally = a dog kept on a chain, from \J\Xband\x (1)\j 'fastening' + \J\Xdog\x\j\c
<hw>bandolier</hw> \K/band\F'\n"lI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bbandoleer)\b \IMil\i a shoulder-belt with loops or pockets for cartridges. \BEtymology:\b \3Dutch \Ibandelier\i or French \IbandouliΦre,\i probably formed as \J\Xbanderole\x\j\c
<hw>bandpass</hw> \K/"ban(d)pA:s/\k\p\In.\i\pthe range of frequencies (of sound, electrical signals, etc.) which are transmitted through a filter.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k
<hw>bandsaw</hw> \K/"ban(d)sO:/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICarpentry Tools\i an endless saw, consisting of a steel belt with a serrated edge running over wheels.
<hw>bandsman</hw> \K/"ban(d)zm\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-men)\b \IMus\i a player in a (esp. military or brass) band.
<hw>bandstand</hw> \K/"ban(d)stand/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMus\i a covered outdoor platform for a band to play on, usu. in a park.
<hw>bandwagon</hw> \K/"bandwag\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\Borig. US\b a wagon used for carrying a band in a parade etc.\p\1climb (or jump) on the bandwagon\c join a party, cause, or group that seems likely to succeed.
<hw>bandwidth</hw> \K/"bandwItT/, /-wIdT/\k\p\In.\i\p\IElectr Physics\i the range of frequencies within a given band (see \J\Xband\x (1)\p\In.\i\p4a).\j
<hw>bandy (1)</hw> \K/"bandi/\k \Iadj.\i \B(bandier,\b \Bbandiest)\b\p\B1\b (of the legs) curved so as to be wide apart at the knees.\p\B2\b (also \Bbandy-legged)\b (of a person) having bandy legs. \BEtymology:\b \3perhaps from obsolete \Ibandy\i 'curved stick'\c
<hw>bandy (2)</hw> \K/"bandi/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(-ies,\b \B-ied)\b\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Babout)\b\i \Ba\b pass (a story, rumour, etc.) to and fro. \Bb\b throw or pass (a ball etc.) to and fro.\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Babout)\b\i discuss disparagingly \3(bandied her name about).\c\p\B3\b \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i exchange (blows, insults, etc.) \3(don't bandy words with me).\c \BEtymology:\b \3perhaps from French \Ibander\i from \Ibande\i \J\Xband\x (2)\j\c
<hw>bane</hw> \K/beIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the cause of ruin or trouble; the curse \3(esp. the bane of one's life).\c\p\B2\b \Ipoet.\i ruin; woe.\p\B3\b \Iarchaic\i \I(except in \Bcomb.)\b\i poison \3(ratsbane).\c \Bbaneful\b \Iadj.\i \Bbanefully\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibana,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>baneberry</hw> \K/"beInb(\F'\n)ri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IBot\i\p\B1\b any of several plants of the genus \IActaea.\i\p\B2\b the bitter poisonous berry of these plants.
<hw>bang</hw> \K/baN/\k \In., v., & adv.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a loud short sound. \Bb\b an explosion. \Bc\b the report of a gun.\p\B2\b \Ba\b a sharp blow. \Bb\b the sound of this.\p\B3\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \Besp. N. Amer.\b \IHairdressing\i a fringe of hair cut straight across the forehead.\p\B4\b \ISex\i \Icoarse slang\i an act of sexual intercourse.\p\B5\b \Islang\i a drug injection \I(cf.\i \J\Xbhang\x).\j\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr. & intr.\i strike or shut noisily \3(banged the door shut;\c \2banged on the table).\c\p\B2\b \Itr. & intr.\i make or cause to make the sound of a blow or an explosion.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \Besp. N. Amer.\b \IHairdressing\i cut (hair) in bangs.\p\B4\b \ISex\i \Icoarse slang\i \Ba\b \Iintr.\i have sexual intercourse. \Bb\b \Itr.\i have sexual intercourse with. \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b with a bang or sudden impact.\p\B2\b \Besp. Brit.\b \Icolloq.\i exactly \3(bang in the middle).\c\p\1bang off\c \BBrit.\b \Islang\i immediately.\p\1bang on\c \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i exactly right.\p\Bbang on about\b talk tediously and at length about.\Kbang on about new f. corpus Jul 93\k\p\1go bang\c\p\B1\b (of a door etc.) shut noisily.\p\B2\b explode.\p\B3\b \Icolloq.\i be suddenly destroyed \3(bang went their chances).\c\p\1go with a bang\c go successfully. \BEtymology:\b \316th c.: perhaps from Scandinavian\c
<hw>banger</hw> \K/"baN\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Besp. Brit.\b\p\B1\b \IFood\i \Islang\i a sausage.\p\B2\b \ITransport\i \Islang\i an old car, esp. a noisy one.\p\B3\b a loud firework.
<hw>Bangladeshi</hw> \K/baNgl\F'\n"dESi/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i same or \BBangladeshis)\b a native or inhabitant of Bangladesh, in the north-east of the Indian subcontinent. \Iadj.\i of or relating to Bangladesh or its people.\Knew f. SOED, corpus Aug 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3\IBangladesh\i + \J\X-i\x (2)\j\c
<hw>bangle</hw> \K/"baNg(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\pa rigid ornamental band worn round the arm or occasionally the ankle. \BEtymology:\b \3Hindi \Ibangli\i 'glass bracelet'\c
<hw>bangtail</hw> \K/"baNteIl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRiding\i a horse, esp. with its tail cut straight across.
<hw>bangtail muster</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BAustral.\b \IAgriculture\i the counting of cattle involving cutting across the tufts at the tail-ends as each is counted.
<hw>banish</hw> \K/"banIS/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \IPolit Criminol\i formally expel (a person), esp. from a country.\p\B2\b dismiss from one's presence or mind. \Bbanishment\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old English \Ibanir,\i ultimately from the Germanic base of \J\Xban\x\j\c
<hw>banister</hw> \K/"banIst\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bbannister)\b \IBuilding Archit\i\p\B1\b \I(often in \Bpl.)\b\i the uprights and handrail at the side of a staircase.\p\B2\b each of these uprights. \BEtymology:\b \3earlier \Ibarrister,\i corruption of \J\Xbaluster\x\j\c See Usage Note at \J\Xbaluster\x.\j
<hw>banjo</hw> \K/"bandZ\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os\b or \B-oes)\b \IMus\i a stringed musical instrument with a neck and head like a guitar and an open-backed body consisting of parchment stretched over a metal hoop. \Bbanjoist\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3US southern corruption of earlier \Ibandore,\i ultimately from Greek \Ipandoura\i 'three-stringed lute'\c
<hw>bank (1)</hw> \K/baNk/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IGeog\i \Ba\b the sloping edge of land by a river. \Bb\b the area of ground alongside a river \3(had a picnic on the bank).\c\p\B2\b a raised shelf of ground; a slope.\p\B3\b an elevation in the sea or a river bed.\p\B4\b \Ba\b \IEngin\i the artificial slope of a road etc., enabling vehicles to maintain speed round a curve. \Bb\b \IAeron\i the sideways tilt of an aircraft when turning in flight.\Ksense 4b new f. SOED Oct 94\k\p\B5\b \IMeteorol\i a mass of cloud, fog, snow, etc.\p\B6\b \IMining\i the edge of a hollow place (e.g. the top of a mine shaft).\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr. & intr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bup)\b\i heap or rise into banks.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i heap up (a fire) tightly so that it burns slowly.\p\B3\b \IAeron. etc.\i \Ba\b \Iintr.\i (of a vehicle or aircraft or its occupant) travel with one side higher than the other in rounding a curve. \Bb\b \Itr.\i cause (a vehicle or aircraft) to do this.\p\B4\b \Itr.\i contain or confine within a bank or banks.\p\B5\b \Itr.\i \IEngin\i build (a road etc.) higher at the outer edge of a bend to enable fast cornering. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old Norse \Ibakki,\i from Germanic: related to \J\Xbench\x\j\c
<hw>bank (2)</hw> \K/baNk/\k \In. & v.\i \ICommerce\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a financial establishment which uses money deposited by customers for investment, pays it out when required, makes loans at interest, exchanges currency, etc. \Bb\b a building in which this business takes place.\p\B2\b = \J\Xpiggy bank\x.\j\p\B3\b \IGambling Games\i \Ba\b the money or tokens held by the banker in some gambling games. \Bb\b the banker in such games.\p\B4\b a place for storing anything for future use \3(blood bank;\c \2data bank).\c\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i deposit (money or valuables) in a bank.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i engage in business as a banker.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bat,\b \Bwith)\b\i keep money (at a bank).\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i \IGambling Games\i act as banker in some gambling games.\p\Bbank on\b rely on \3(I'm banking on your help).\c \BEtymology:\b \3originally = a money-dealers' bench or table, from French \Ibanque\i or Italian \Ibanca\i via medieval Latin \Ibanca,\i \Ibancus,\i from Germanic: related to \J\Xbank\x (1),\j \J\Xbench\x\j\c
<hw>bank (3)</hw> \K/baNk/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a row of similar objects, esp. of keys, lights, or switches.\p\B2\b \IRowing\i a tier of oars. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ibanc\i from Germanic: related to \J\Xbank\x (1),\j \J\Xbench\x\j\c
<hw>bankable</hw> \K/"baNk\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b certain to bring profit; good for the box office.\Ksense 1 new in COD9 f. POD, OMED Jul 93\k\p\B2\b \ICommerce\i acceptable at a bank.\p\B3\b reliable \3(a bankable reputation).\c \Bbankability\b \K/-\F'\n"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Kbankability new f. Incs. Sept 94\k
<hw>bank balance</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IFinance\i the amount of money held in a bank account at a given moment.
<hw>bank bill</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IFinance\i\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b a bill drawn by one bank on another.\p\B2\b \Besp. US\b = \J\Xbanknote\x.\j
<hw>banker (1)</hw> \K/"baNk\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ICommerce\i a person who manages or owns a bank or group of banks.\p\B2\b \ICards etc. Gambling Games\i \Ba\b a keeper of the bank or dealer in some gambling games. \Bb\b a card game involving gambling.\p\B3\b \BBrit.\b a result forecast identically (while other forecasts differ) in several football-pool entries on one coupon. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ibanquier\i from \Ibanque\i \J\Xbank\x (2)\j\c
<hw>banker (2)</hw> \K/"baNk\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \INaut Fishing\i \Ba\b a fishing boat off Newfoundland. \Bb\b a Newfoundland fisherman.\p\B2\b \BAustral.\b \Icolloq.\i a river flooded to the top of its banks. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbank\x (1)\j + \J\X-er\x (1)\j\c
<hw>banker's order</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IFinance\i an instruction to a bank to pay money or deliver property, signed by the owner or the owner's agent.
<hw>bank holiday</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i a day on which banks are officially closed, (in the UK) usu. kept as a public holiday.
<hw>banking</hw> \K/"baNkIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i the business transactions of a bank.
<hw>bank machine</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i = \J\Xcash dispenser\x.\j\Knew f. corpus, K. Barber Mar 94\k
<hw>bank manager</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i a person in charge of a local branch of a bank.
<hw>banknote</hw> \K/"baNkn\F'\nUt/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i a banker's promissory note, esp. from a central bank, payable to the bearer on demand, and serving as money.
<hw>Bank of England</hw>\p\In.\i\pthe central bank of England and Wales, issuing banknotes and having the British Government as its main customer.
<hw>bankroll</hw> \K/"baNkr\F'\nUl/\k \In. & v.\i \Borig. N. Amer.\b\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i\p\B1\b a roll of banknotes.\p\B2\b funds. \Iv.tr.\i \Icolloq.\i support financially.
<hw>bankrupt</hw> \K/"baNkrVpt/\k \Iadj., n., & v.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \ILaw Commerce\i \Ba\b insolvent; declared in law unable to pay debts. \Bb\b undergoing the legal process resulting from this.\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Bof)\b\i exhausted or drained (of some quality etc.); deficient, lacking.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ILaw\i \Ba\b an insolvent person whose estate is administered and disposed of for the benefit of the creditors. \Bb\b an insolvent debtor.\p\B2\b a person exhausted of or deficient in a certain attribute \3(a moral bankrupt).\c \Iv.tr.\i make bankrupt. \Bbankruptcy\b \K/-%rVptsi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies).\b \BEtymology:\b \316th c.: from Italian \Ibanca rotta\i 'broken bench' (as \J\Xbank\x (2),\j Latin \Irumpere rupt-\i 'break')\c
<hw>banksia</hw> \K/"baNksI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i an evergreen flowering shrub of the genus \IBanksia,\i native to Australia. \BEtymology:\b \3Sir J. \IBanks,\i English naturalist d. 1820\c
<hw>banksia rose</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a Chinese climbing rose, Rosa banksiae, with small flowers.
<hw>bank statement</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IFinance\i a printed statement of transactions and balance issued periodically to the holder of a bank account.
<hw>banner</hw> \K/"ban\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \IPolit\i a large rectangular sign bearing a slogan or design and usu. carried on two side-poles or a crossbar in a demonstration or procession. \Bb\b a long strip of cloth etc. hung across a street or along the front of a building etc. and bearing a slogan.\p\B2\b a slogan or phrase used to represent a belief or principle.\p\B3\b a flag on a pole used as the standard of a king, knight, etc., esp. in battle.\p\B4\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i \BUS\b excellent, outstanding \3(a banner year in sales).\c\p\1join (or follow) the banner of\c adhere to the cause of. \Bbannered\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Anglo-French \Ibanere,\i Old French \Ibaniere\i from Romanic, ultimately from Germanic\c
<hw>banneret</hw> \K/"ban\F'\nrIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i \Ihist.\i\p\B1\b a knight who commanded his own troops in battle under his own banner.\p\B2\b a knighthood given on the battlefield for courage. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English & Old French \Ibaneret,\i from \Ibaniere\i \J\Xbanner\x\j + \I-et\i as \J\X-ate\x (1)\j\c
<hw>banner headline</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IJournalism\i a large newspaper headline, esp. one across the top of the front page.
<hw>bannock</hw> \K/"ban\F'\nk/\k\p\In.\i\p\BSc.\b & \BN.Engl.\b \ICookery\i a round flat loaf, usu. unleavened. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibannuc,\i perhaps from Celtic\c
<hw>banns</hw> \K/banz/\k \In.pl.\i a notice read out on three successive Sundays in a parish church, announcing an intended marriage and giving the opportunity for objections.\p\1forbid the banns\c raise an objection to an intended marriage, esp. in church following the reading of the banns. \BEtymology:\b \3pl. of \J\Xban\x\j\c
<hw>banquet</hw> \K/"baNkwIt/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an elaborate usu. extensive feast.\p\B2\b a dinner for many people followed by speeches in favour of a cause or in celebration of an event.\p\Iv.\i\p\B(banqueted,\b \Bbanqueting)\b\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i hold a banquet; feast.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i entertain with a banquet. \Bbanqueter\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French, diminutive of \Ibanc\i 'bench', \J\Xbank\x (2)\j\c
<hw>banquette</hw> \K/baN"kEt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IFurniture\i an upholstered bench along a wall, esp. in a restaurant or bar.\p\B2\b \IArchit Mil\i a raised step behind a rampart. \BEtymology:\b \3French from Italian \Ibanchetta,\i diminutive of \Ibanca\i 'bench', \J\Xbank\x (2)\j\c
<hw>banshee</hw> \K/ban"Si:/, /"banSi:/\k\p\In.\i\p\BIr.\b & \BSc.\b a female spirit whose wailing warns of a death in a house. \BEtymology:\b \3Irish \Ibean sφdhe\i from Old Irish \Iben sφde\i 'woman of the fairies'\c
<hw>bantam</hw> \K/"bant\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i\p\B1\b a breed of small domestic fowl, of which the cock is aggressive.\p\B2\b a small but aggressive person. \BEtymology:\b \3apparently from \IBanten\i in Java, although the fowl is not native there\c
<hw>bantamweight</hw> \K/"bant\F'\nmweIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISport Boxing Wrestling\i\p\B1\b a weight in certain sports intermediate between flyweight and featherweight, in the amateur boxing scale 51-4 kg but differing for professional boxers, wrestlers, and weightlifters.\p\B2\b a boxer etc. of this weight.
<hw>banter</hw> \K/"bant\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\pgood-humoured teasing.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i ridicule in a good-humoured way.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i talk humorously or teasingly. \Bbanterer\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \317th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>Bantu</hw> \K/ban"tu:/, /"bantu:/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i same or \BBantus)\b\p\B1\b \IPeople\i \Ioffens.\i \Ba\b a large group of Negroid peoples of central and southern Africa. \Bb\b a member of any of these peoples.\p\B2\b \ILanguage\i the group of languages spoken by them. \Iadj.\i of or relating to these peoples \I(offens.),\i or languages. \BEtymology:\b \3Bantu, = people\c \IBantu,\i originally a neutral 'scientific' term, became strongly associated with apartheid policies in South Africa and is therefore regarded as offensive with references to the peoples.
<hw>Bantustan</hw> \K/bantu:"stA:n/, /-"stan/\k\p\In.\i\p\BS.Afr.\b \Icolloq.\i \Iderog.\i = \J\Xhomeland\x 2.\j \BEtymology:\b \3\J\XBantu\x\j + \I-stan\i 'country', as in \IHindustan\i etc.\c
<hw>banyan</hw> \K/"banI\F'\nn/, /-nj\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bbanian)\b\p\B1\b (also \Bbanyan tree)\b \IBot\i an Indian fig tree, Ficus benghalensis, the branches of which hang down and root themselves.\p\B2\b \ICommerce\i a Hindu trader.\p\B3\b \IClothing Anthropol\i a loose flannel jacket, shirt, or gown worn in India. \BEtymology:\b \3Portuguese \Ibanian\i from Gujarati \Ivaniyo\i 'man of trading caste', from Sanskrit: applied originally to one such tree under which banyans had built a pagoda\c
<hw>banzai</hw> \K/ban"zVI/\k \Iint. & adj.\i \Iint.\i \IMil\i a Japanese battle-cry. \Iattrib.adj.\i reckless. \BEtymology:\b \3Japanese, = ten thousand years (of life to you)\c
<hw>baobab</hw> \K/"beI\F'\nbab/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b an African tree, Adansonia digitata, with an enormously thick trunk and large edible pulpy fruit hanging down on stalks.\p\B2\b a related Australian tree, Adansonia gregorii.\Ksense 2 new f. sugg. file Apr 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Latin (1592), probably from an African language\c
<hw>BAOR</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IMil\i British Army of the Rhine.
<hw>baptism</hw> \K/"baptIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IRelig\i \Ba\b the religious rite, symbolizing admission to the Christian Church, of sprinkling or pouring water on to the forehead, or (usu. only with adults) of immersion, generally accompanied by name-giving. \Bb\b the act of baptizing or being baptized.\p\B2\b an initiation, e.g. into battle.\p\B3\b the naming of ships, church bells, etc. \Bbaptismal\b \K/-"tIzm(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iba(p)te(s)me\i and ecclesiastical Latin \Ibaptismus\i from ecclesiastical Greek \Ibaptismos,\i from \Ibaptizo\i \J\Xbaptize\x\j\c
<hw>baptism of fire</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMil\i initiation into battle.\p\B2\b a painful new undertaking or experience.
<hw>baptist</hw> \K/"baptIst/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i\p\B1\b a person who baptizes, esp. John the Baptist.\p\B2\b \B(Baptist)\b a member of a Protestant Christian denomination advocating baptism only of adult believers by total immersion. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ibaptiste\i and ecclesiastical Latin \Ibaptista\i from ecclesiastical Greek \Ibaptistes,\i from \Ibaptizo\i \J\Xbaptize\x\j\c
<hw>baptistery</hw> \K/"baptIst(\F'\n)ri/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bbaptistry\b \K/-tri/\k) \I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IRelig\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the part of a church used for baptism. \Bb\b \Ihist.\i a building next to a church, used for baptism.\p\B2\b (in a Baptist chapel) a sunken receptacle used for total immersion. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ibaptisterie\i and ecclesiastical Latin \Ibaptisterium\i from ecclesiastical Greek \Ibaptisterion\i 'bathing place', from \Ibaptizo\i \J\Xbaptize\x\j\c
<hw>baptize</hw> \K/bap"tVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b \IRelig\i\p\B1\b \I(also \Babsol.)\b\i administer baptism to.\p\B2\b give a name or nickname to; christen. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ibaptiser\i and ecclesiastical Latin \Ibaptizare\i from Greek \Ibaptizo\i 'immerse, baptize'\c
<hw>bar (1)</hw> \K/bA:/\k \In., v., & prep.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a long rod or piece of rigid wood, metal, etc., esp. used as an obstruction, confinement, fastening, weapon, etc.\p\B2\b \Ba\b something resembling a bar in being (thought of as) straight, narrow, and rigid \3(bar of soap;\c \2bar of chocolate).\c \Bb\b a band of colour or light, esp. on a flat surface. \Bc\b the heating element of an electric fire. \Bd\b = \J\Xcrossbar\x.\j \Be\b \BBrit.\b a metal strip below the clasp of a medal, awarded as an extra distinction. \Bf\b \IGeog\i a sandbank or shoal at the mouth of a harbour or an estuary. \Bg\b \BBrit.\b \IParl\i a rail marking the end of each chamber in the Houses of Parliament. \Bh\b \IHeraldry\i a narrow horizontal stripe across a shield.\p\B3\b \Ba\b a barrier of any shape. \Bb\b a restriction \3(colour bar;\c \2a bar to promotion).\c\p\B4\b \Ba\b a counter in a public house, restaurant, or cafΘ across which alcohol or refreshments are served. \Bb\b \IDrink\i a room in a public house in which customers may sit and drink. \Bc\b a public house. \Bd\b a small shop or stall serving refreshments \3(snack bar).\c \Be\b a specialized department in a large store \3(heel bar).\c\p\B5\b \ILaw\i \Ba\b an enclosure in which a prisoner stands in a law court. \Bb\b a public standard of acceptability, before which a person is said to be tried \3(bar of conscience).\c \Bc\b \ILaw\i a plea arresting an action or claim in a law case. \Bd\b \ILaw\i a particular court of law.\p\B6\b \IMus.\i \Ba\b any of the sections of usu. equal time value into which a musical composition is divided by vertical lines across the staff. \Bb\b = \J\Xbar line\x.\j\p\B7\b \B(the Bar)\b \ILaw\i \Ba\b barristers collectively. \Bb\b the profession of barrister. \Iv.tr.\i \B(barred,\b \Bbarring)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b fasten (a door, window, etc.) with a bar or bars. \Bb\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bin,\b \Bout)\b\i shut or keep in or out \3(barred him in).\c\p\B2\b obstruct, prevent \3(bar his progress).\c\p\B3\b \Ba\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bfrom)\b\i prohibit, exclude \3(bar them from attending).\c \Bb\b exclude from consideration \I(cf.\i \J\Xbarring\x).\j\p\B4\b mark with stripes.\p\B5\b \ILaw\i prevent or delay (an action) by objection. \Iprep.\i\p\B1\b \Besp. Brit.\b except \3(all were there bar a few).\c\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b \IRacing\i except (the horses indicated: used in stating the odds, indicating the number of horses excluded) \3(33-1 bar three).\c\p\1bar none\c with no exceptions.\p\1be called to the Bar\c \BBrit.\b \ILaw\i be admitted as a barrister.\p\1be called within the Bar\c \BBrit.\b \ILaw\i be appointed a Queen's Counsel.\p\1behind bars\c \ICriminol\i in prison. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ibarre\i \I(n.),\i \Ibarrer\i \I(v.),\i from Romanic\c
<hw>bar (2)</hw> \K/bA:/\k\p\In.\i\p\Iesp. Meteorol.\i \ISci\i a unit of pressure, 105 newton per square metre, approx. one atmosphere. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ibaros\i 'weight'\c
<hw>barathea</hw> \K/bar\F'\n"Ti:\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITextiles\i a fine woollen cloth, sometimes mixed with silk or cotton, used esp. for coats, suits, etc. \BEtymology:\b \319th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>Barb</hw> \K/bA:b/\k \Iabbr.\i (also \BBARB)\b Broadcasters' Audience Research Board.\Knew word in COD9 f. News, corpus Jul 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3acronym\c
<hw>barb</hw> \K/bA:b/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a secondary backward-facing projection from an arrow, fish-hook, etc., angled to make extraction difficult.\p\B2\b a deliberately hurtful remark.\p\B3\b \IAnat\i a beardlike filament at the mouth of some fish, e.g. barbel and catfish.\p\B4\b \IAnat\i any one of the fine hairlike filaments growing from the shaft of a feather, forming the vane. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b provide (an arrow, a fish-hook, etc.) with a barb or barbs.\p\B2\b (as \Bbarbed\b \Iadj.)\i (of a remark etc.) deliberately hurtful. \Bbarbless\b \Iadj.\i\K-less new f. corpus Aug 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ibarbe\i from Latin \Ibarba\i 'beard'\c
<hw>Barbadian</hw> \K/bA:"beIdI\F'\nn/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\IPeople\i\p\B1\b a native or national of Barbados in the W. Indies.\p\B2\b a person of Barbadian descent. \Iadj.\i of or relating to Barbados or its people.
<hw>barbarian</hw> \K/bA:"bE:rI\F'\nn/\k \In. & adj.\i \IAnthropol\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an uncultured or brutish person; a lout.\p\B2\b a member of a primitive community or tribe. \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b rough and uncultured.\p\B2\b uncivilized. \BEtymology:\b \3originally of any foreigner with a different language or customs: French \Ibarbarien\i from \Ibarbare\i (as \J\Xbarbarous\x)\j\c
<hw>barbaric</hw> \K/bA:"barIk/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b brutal; cruel \3(flogging is a barbaric punishment).\c\p\B2\b rough and uncultured; unrestrained.\p\B3\b of or like barbarians and their art or taste; primitive. \Bbarbarically\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ibarbarique\i or Latin \Ibarbaricus\i via Greek \Ibarbarikos,\i from \Ibarbaros\i 'foreign'\c
<hw>barbarism</hw> \K/"bA:b\F'\nrIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the absence of culture and civilized standards; ignorance and rudeness. \Bb\b an example of this.\p\B2\b a word or expression not considered correct; a solecism.\p\B3\b anything considered to be in bad taste. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ibarbarisme\i via Latin \Ibarbarismus\i from Greek \Ibarbarismos,\i from \Ibarbarizo\i 'speak like a foreigner', from \Ibarbaros\i 'foreign'\c
<hw>barbarity</hw> \K/bA:"barIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b savage cruelty.\p\B2\b an example of this.
<hw>barbarize</hw> \K/"bA:b\F'\nrVIz/\k \Iv.tr. & intr.\i (also \B-ise)\b make or become barbarous. \Bbarbarization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>barbarous</hw> \K/"bA:b(\F'\n)r\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b uncivilized.\p\B2\b cruel.\p\B3\b coarse and unrefined. \Bbarbarously\b \Iadv.\i \Bbarbarousness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3originally of any foreign language or people: from Latin from Greek \Ibarbaros\i 'foreign'\c
<hw>Barbary ape</hw> \K/"bA:b(\F'\n)ri/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a tailless macaque, Macaca sylvana, of N. Africa and Gibraltar. \BEtymology:\b \3\IBarbary,\i an old name of the western part of N. Africa, ultimately from Arabic \Ibarbar\i \J\XBerber\x\j\c
<hw>barbastelle</hw> \K/bA:b\F'\n"stEl/, /"bA:b\F'\nstEl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a bat of the genus Barbastella, esp. B. barbastellus, found rarely in W. Europe. \BEtymology:\b \3French from Italian \IBarbastello\i\c\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k
<hw>barbecue</hw> \K/"bA:bIkju:/\k \In. & v.\i \ICookery\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a meal cooked on an open fire out of doors, esp. meat grilled on a metal appliance. \Bb\b a party at which such a meal is cooked and eaten.\p\B2\b \Ba\b the metal appliance used for the preparation of a barbecue. \Bb\b a fireplace, usu. of brick, containing such an appliance. \Iv.tr.\i \B(barbecues,\b \Bbarbecued,\b \Bbarbecuing)\b cook (esp. meat) on a barbecue. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish \Ibarbacoa\i from Arawak \Ibarbac≥a\i 'wooden frame on posts'\c
<hw>barbecue sauce</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i a highly seasoned sauce, usu. containing chillies, in which meat etc. may be cooked.
<hw>barbed wire</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMil. etc.\i wire bearing sharp pointed spikes close together and used in fencing, or in warfare as an obstruction.
<hw>barbel</hw> \K/"bA:b(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool\i any large European freshwater fish of the genus \IBarbus,\i with fleshy filaments hanging from its mouth.\p\B2\b \IAnat\i such a filament growing from the mouth of any fish. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Late Latin \Ibarbellus,\i diminutive of \Ibarbus\i 'barbel', from \Ibarba\i 'beard'\c
<hw>barbell</hw> \K/"bA:bEl/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISport\i an iron bar with a series of graded discs at each end, used for weightlifting exercises. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbar\x (1)\j + \J\Xbell\x (1)\j\c
<hw>barber</hw> \K/"bA:b\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i \IHairdressing\i\p\In.\i\pa person who cuts men's hair and shaves or trims beards as an occupation; a men's hairdresser. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b cut the hair of; shave or trim the beard of.\p\B2\b cut or trim closely \3(barbered the grass).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English & Anglo-French, via Old French \Ibarbeor\i from medieval Latin \Ibarbator -oris,\i from \Ibarba\i 'beard'\c
<hw>barberry</hw> \K/"bA:b(\F'\n)ri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IBot\i\p\B1\b any shrub of the genus \IBerberis,\i with spiny shoots, yellow flowers, and ovoid red berries, often grown as hedges.\p\B2\b its berry. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iberberis,\i of unknown origin: assimilated to \J\Xberry\x\j\c
<hw>barber-shop</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMus\i a popular style of close harmony singing, esp. for four male voices \I(often \Battrib.:\b\i \2barber-shop quartet).\c
<hw>barber's pole</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IHairdressing\i a spirally painted striped red and white pole hung outside barbers' shops as a business sign.
<hw>barbet</hw> \K/"bA:bIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i any small brightly coloured tropical bird of the family Capitonidae, with bristles at the base of its beak. \BEtymology:\b \3French from \Ibarbe\i 'beard'\c
<hw>barbette</hw> \K/bA:"bEt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i a platform in a fort or ship from which guns can be fired over a parapet etc. without an embrasure. \BEtymology:\b \3French, diminutive of \Ibarbe\i 'beard'\c
<hw>barbican</hw> \K/"bA:bIk(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFortification\i the outer defence of a city, castle, etc., esp. a double tower above a gate or drawbridge. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ibarbacane,\i of unknown origin\c
<hw>barbie</hw> \K/"bA:bi/\k\p\In.\i\p\Besp. Austral.\b \Islang\i a barbecue.\Knew word in COD9 f. POD\k \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation\c
<hw>Barbie doll</hw> \K/"bA:bi/\k\p\In.\i\p\Ipropr.\i\p\B1\b a doll representing a conventionally attractive young woman.\p\B2\b a pretty but characterless or passive young woman.\Knew word in COD9 f. NSOED, corpus Jul 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3diminutive of the name \IBarbara\i\c
<hw>bar billiards</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IBilliards\i a form of billiards in which balls are struck with a cue into holes in the table.
<hw>barbitone</hw> \K/"bA:bIt\F'\nUn/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Bbarbital\b \K/"bA:bIt(\F'\n)l/\k) \IPharm\i a sedative drug. \BEtymology:\b \3as \J\Xbarbituric acid\x\j + \J\X-one\x,\j \I-al\i as in \Iveronal\i\c
<hw>barbiturate</hw> \K/bA:"bItjUr\F'\nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPharm\i any derivative of barbituric acid used in the preparation of sedative and sleep-inducing drugs.
<hw>barbituric acid</hw> \K/bA:bI"tjU\F'\nrIk/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i \IPharm\i an organic acid from which various sedatives and sleep-inducing drugs are derived. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ibarbiturique\i from German \IBarbitursΣure\i \I(SΣure\i 'acid') from the name \IBarbara\i\c
<hw>barbola</hw> \K/bA:"b\F'\nUl\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p(in full \Bbarbola work)\b \IArt Pottery\i\p\B1\b the craft of making small models of fruit, flowers, etc. from a plastic paste.\p\B2\b articles, e.g. mirrors, decorated with such models. \BEtymology:\b \3arbitrary formation from \Ibarbotine\i clay slip for ornamenting pottery\c
<hw>Barbour</hw> \K/"bA:b\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p(in full \BBarbour jacket)\b \IClothing\i \Ipropr.\i a type of green waxed jacket.\Knew word in COD9 f. POD Jul 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3J. \IBarbour,\i name of a draper (d. 1918) in NE England who sold waterproof clothing\c
<hw>barbule</hw> \K/"bA:bju:l/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnat\i a minute filament projecting from the barb of a feather. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ibarbula,\i diminutive of \Ibarba\i 'beard'\c
<hw>barcarole</hw> \K/"bA:k\F'\nr\F'\nUl/, /bA:k\F'\n"r\F'\nUl/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bbarcarolle\b \K/-rQl/, /-"rQl/\k) \IMus\i\p\B1\b a song sung by Venetian gondoliers.\p\B2\b music in imitation of this. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ibarcarolle\i from Venetian Italian \Ibarcarola\i 'boatman's song', from \Ibarca\i 'boat'\c
<hw>barchan</hw> \K/"bA:k(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\pa crescent-shaped shifting sand dune. \BEtymology:\b \3Turkic \Ibarkhan\i\c\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k
<hw>bar chart</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bbar graph)\b \IStatistics\i a chart or graph using bars to represent quantity.
<hw>bar code</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i a machine-readable code in the form of a pattern of stripes printed on and identifying a commodity, used esp. for stock-control.
<hw>bard (1)</hw> \K/bA:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\IProsody\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \Ihist.\i a Celtic minstrel. \Bb\b the winner of a prize for Welsh verse at an Eisteddfod.\p\B2\b \Ipoet.\i a poet, esp. one treating heroic themes.\p\1the Bard\c (or \Bthe Bard of Avon)\b Shakespeare. \Bbardic\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Gaelic & Irish \Ibßrd,\i Welsh \Ibardd,\i from Celtic\c
<hw>bard (2)</hw> \K/bA:d/\k \In. & v.\i \ICookery\i\p\In.\i\pa rasher of fat bacon placed on meat or game before roasting. \Iv.tr.\i cover (meat etc.) with bards. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ibarde,\i originally = horse's breastplate, ultimately from Arabic\c
<hw>bardy</hw> \K/"bA:di/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \BAustral.\b \IZool\i an edible wood-boring grub. \BEtymology:\b \3Nyungar (and other Aboriginal languages) \Ibardi\i\c
<hw>bare</hw> \K/bE:/\k \Iadj. & v.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b (esp. of part of the body) unclothed or uncovered \3(with bare head).\c\p\B2\b without appropriate covering or contents: \Ba\b (of a tree) leafless. \Bb\b unfurnished; empty \3(bare rooms;\c \2the cupboard was bare).\c \Bc\b (of a floor) uncarpeted.\p\B3\b \Ba\b undisguised \3(the bare truth).\c \Bb\b unadorned \3(bare facts).\c\p\B4\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i \Ba\b scanty \3(a bare majority).\c \Bb\b mere \3(bare necessities).\c \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b uncover, unsheathe \3(bared his teeth).\c\p\B2\b reveal \3(bared his soul).\c\p\1bare of\c without.\p\1with one's bare hands\c without using tools or weapons. \Bbareness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibµr\i \I(n.),\i \Ibarian\i \I(v.),\i from Germanic\c
<hw>bareback</hw> \K/"bE:bak/\k \Iadj. & adv.\i \IRiding\i on an unsaddled horse, donkey, etc.
<hw>barefoot</hw> \K/"bE\F'\nfUt/\k \Iadj. & adv.\i (also \Bbarefooted\b \K/-"fUtId/\k) with nothing on the feet.
<hw>barefoot doctor</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a paramedical worker with basic medical training, esp. in China.
\B\IbarΦge\b\i \K/b\F'\n"reIZ/, French /barEZ/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITextiles\i a silky gauze made from wool or other material. \BEtymology:\b \3French from \IBarΦges\i in SW France, where it was originally made\c
<hw>bareheaded</hw> \K/bE:"hEdId/\k \Iadj. & adv.\i without a covering for the head.
<hw>bare-knuckle</hw> \Iattrib.adj.\i (also \Bbare-knuckled)\b \ISport\i\p\B1\b (of boxing etc.) wearing no gloves.\p\B2\b severe, implacable.\Knew f. corpus Dec 93\k
<hw>barf</hw> \K/bA:f/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Islang\i \Iv.intr.\i vomit or retch.\p\In.\i\pan attack of vomiting. \BEtymology:\b \320th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>barfly</hw> \K/"bA:flVI/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-flies)\b \Icolloq.\i a person who frequents bars.
<hw>barfly jumping</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ISport\i the sport of jumping at and sticking to a Velcro-covered wall while wearing a Velcro suit.\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED Feb 94\k
<hw>bargain</hw> \K/"bA:gIn/\k \In. & v.\i \ICommerce\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b an agreement on the terms of a transaction or sale. \Bb\b this seen from the buyer's viewpoint \3(a bad bargain).\c\p\B2\b something acquired or offered cheaply. \Iv.intr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bwith,\b \Bfor)\b\i discuss the terms of a transaction \3(expected him to bargain, but he paid up;\c \2bargained with her;\c \2bargained for the table).\c\p\Bbargain away\b part with for something worthless \3(had bargained away the estate).\c\p\Bbargain for\b (or \Icolloq.\i \Bon)\b \I(usu. with \Bneg.\b actual or implied)\i be prepared for; expect \3(didn't bargain for bad weather;\c \2more than I bargained for).\c\p\Bbargain on\b rely on.\p\1drive a hard bargain\c be uncompromising in making a bargain.\p\1into \B(US\b in) the bargain\c moreover; in addition to what was expected.\p\1make (or strike) a bargain\c agree a transaction. \Bbargainer\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ibargaine\i \I(n.),\i \Ibargaignier\i \I(v.),\i probably from Germanic\c
<hw>bargain basement</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i the basement of a shop where bargains are displayed \I(hyphenated when \Battrib.:\b\i \2bargain-basement prices).\c
<hw>barge</hw> \K/bA:dZ/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\INaut\i\p\B1\b a long flat-bottomed boat for carrying freight on canals, rivers, etc.\p\B2\b a long ornamental boat used for pleasure or ceremony.\p\B3\b a boat used by the chief officers of a warship.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Baround)\b\i lurch or rush clumsily about.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bin,\b \Binto)\b\i \Ba\b intrude or interrupt rudely or awkwardly \3(barged in while we were kissing).\c \Bb\b collide with \3(barged into her).\c\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \ITransport\i convey by barge.\K3 new f. corpus, Incomings, K. Barber Apr 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French, perhaps via medieval Latin \Ibarica\i from Greek \Ibaris\i 'Egyptian boat'\c
<hw>bargeboard</hw> \K/"bA:dZbO:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\IArchit\i a board (often ornamental) fixed to the gable-end of a roof to hide the ends of the roof timbers. \BEtymology:\b \3perhaps from medieval Latin \Ibargus\i 'gallows'\c
<hw>bargee</hw> \K/bA:"dZi:/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \INaut\i a person in charge of or working on a barge.
<hw>bargepole</hw> \K/"bA:dZp\F'\nUl/\k\p\In.\i\p\INaut\i a long pole used for punting barges etc. and for fending off obstacles.\p\1would not touch with a bargepole\c \BBrit.\b refuse to be associated or concerned with (a person or thing).
<hw>bar graph</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xbar chart\x.\j
<hw>barilla</hw> \K/b\F'\n"rIl\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBot\i any plant of the genus \ISalsola\i found chiefly in Spain and Sicily.\p\B2\b an impure alkali made by burning either this or kelp. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish\c
<hw>barite</hw> \K/"barVIt/, /"bE:-/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bbaryte)\b \IChem Mineral\i a mineral form of barium sulphate. Also called \Ibarytes.\i \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbarium\x\j + \J\X-ite\x (1),\j \I-yte\i form influenced by \Ibarytes\i\c
<hw>baritone</hw> \K/"barIt\F'\nUn/\k \In. & adj.\i \IMus\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the second lowest adult male singing voice. \Bb\b a singer with this voice. \Bc\b a part written for it.\p\B2\b \Ba\b an instrument that is second lowest in pitch in its family. \Bb\b its player. \Iadj.\i second lowest in musical pitch \3(baritone saxophone).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Italian \Ibaritono\i from Greek \Ibarutonos,\i from \Ibarus\i 'heavy' + \Itonos\i \J\Xtone\x\j\c
<hw>barium</hw> \K/"bE:rI\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IChem.\i a white reactive soft metallic element of the alkaline earth group (symbol \BBa).\b\Ksymb\k\p\B2\b \IMed\i a mixture of barium sulphate and water, opaque to X-rays, which is given to patients requiring radiological examination of the stomach or intestines \3(barium enema;\c \2barium meal).\c\Ksense 2 transferred from barium meal April 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbaryta\x\j + \J\X-ium\x\j\c
<hw>bark (1)</hw> \K/bA:k/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the sharp explosive cry of a dog, fox, etc.\p\B2\b a sound resembling this cry.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i (of a dog, fox, etc.) give a bark.\p\B2\b \Itr. & intr.\i speak or utter sharply or brusquely.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i \Icolloq.\i cough fiercely.\p\B4\b \Itr. & intr.\i \BUS\b sell or advertise publicly by calling out; tout.\p\1one's bark is worse than one's bite\c one is not as ferocious as one appears.\p\1bark up the wrong tree\c be on the wrong track; make an effort in the wrong direction. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibeorcan\i\c
<hw>bark (2)</hw> \K/bA:k/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b the tough protective outer sheath of the trunks, branches, and twigs of trees or woody shrubs.\p\B2\b \IDyeing\i this material used for tanning leather or dyeing material. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b graze or scrape (one's shin etc.).\p\B2\b strip bark from (a tree etc.).\p\B3\b \IDyeing\i tan or dye (leather etc.) using the tannins found in bark. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old Norse \Ib÷rkr bark-:\i perhaps related to \J\Xbirch\x\j\c
<hw>bark (3)</hw> \K/bA:k/\k\p\In.\i\p\INaut\i \Ipoet.\i a ship or boat. \BEtymology:\b \3= \J\Xbarque\x\j\c
<hw>bark beetle</hw>\p\In.\i\pa wood-boring beetle of the family Scolytidae.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k
<hw>barkeeper</hw> \K/"bA:ki:p\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bbarkeep)\b \BN. Amer.\b \IDrink\i\p\B1\b the owner of a bar.\Ksense 1 new f. F. Abate Oct 94\k\p\B2\b a person serving drinks in a bar.
<hw>barker</hw> \K/"bA:k\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i a tout at an auction, sideshow, etc., who calls out for custom to passers-by. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbark\x (1)\j + \J\X-er\x (1)\j\c
<hw>barley</hw> \K/"bA:li/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b any of various hardy awned cereals of the genus \IHordeum\i widely used as food and in malt liquors and spirits such as whisky.\p\B2\b the grain produced from this \I(cf.\i \J\Xpearl barley\x).\j \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibµrlic\i \I(adj.)\i from \Ibµre,\i \Ibere\i 'barley'\c
<hw>barleycorn</hw> \K/"bA:lIkO:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBot\i the grain of barley.\p\B2\b \IMath Measure\i a former unit of measure (about a third of an inch) based on the length of a grain of barley.
<hw>barleymow</hw> \K/"bA:lIm\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IAgriculture\i a stack of barley.
<hw>barley sugar</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i an amber-coloured sweet made of boiled sugar, traditionally shaped as a twisted stick.
<hw>barley water</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IDrink\i a drink made from water and a boiled barley mixture.
<hw>bar line</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMus.\i a vertical line used to mark divisions between bars.
<hw>barm</hw> \K/bA:m/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IDrink\i the froth on fermenting malt liquor.\p\B2\b \ICookery\i \Iarchaic\i or \Idial.\i yeast or leaven. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibeorma\i\c
<hw>barmaid</hw> \K/"bA:meId/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b a woman serving behind the bar of a public house, hotel, etc.\p\B2\b \BUS\b a waitress who serves drinks.\Ksense 2 new f. F. Abate Oct 94\k
<hw>barman</hw> \K/"bA:m\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-men)\b \Besp. Brit.\b a man serving behind the bar of a public house, hotel, etc.
<hw>barmbrack</hw> \K/"bA:mbrak/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bbarnbrack\b \K/"bA:n-/\k) \BIr.\b \IFood\i soft spicy bread with currants etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Irish \Ibairin breac\i 'speckled cake'\c
<hw>Barmecide</hw> \K/"bA:mIsVId/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i illusory, imaginary; such as to disappoint.\p\In.\i\pa giver of benefits that are illusory or disappointing. \BEtymology:\b \3the name of a wealthy man in the \IArabian Nights' Entertainments\i who gave a beggar a feast consisting of ornate but empty dishes\c
<hw>bar mitzvah</hw> \K/bA: "mItsv\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i\p\B1\b the religious initiation ceremony of a Jewish boy who has reached the age of 13.\p\B2\b the boy undergoing this ceremony. \BEtymology:\b \3Hebrew, = son of the commandment\c
<hw>barn (1)</hw> \K/bA:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IAgriculture\i a large farm building for storing grain etc. or \BN. Amer.\b housing livestock.\p\B2\b \Iderog.\i a large plain or unattractive building.\p\B3\b \BN. Amer.\b \ITransport\i a large shed for storing road or railway vehicles. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibern,\i \Iberen\i from \Ibere\i 'barley' + \Iern,\i \Iµrn\i 'house'\c
<hw>barn (2)</hw> \K/bA:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i a unit of area, 10-28 square metres, used esp. in particle physics (symbol \Bb).\b\Ksymb\k \BEtymology:\b \3apparently from phrase 'as big as a barn door'\c
<hw>barnacle</hw> \K/"bA:n\F'\nk(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool\i any of various small marine crustaceans of the class Cirripedia which in adult form cling to rocks, ships' bottoms, etc., forming a rough encrustation.\IZool\i\p\B2\b a tenacious attendant or follower who cannot easily be shaken off. \Bbarnacled\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English \Ibernak\i (= medieval Latin \Ibernaca),\i of unknown origin\c
<hw>barnacle goose</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i an Arctic goose, Branta leucopsis, which winters in N. Europe. \BEtymology:\b \3the bird was formerly thought to hatch from shellfish\c
<hw>barnbrack</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xbarmbrack\x.\j
<hw>barn dance</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IDancing\i\p\B1\b an informal social gathering for country dancing, originally in a barn.\p\B2\b a dance for a number of couples forming a line or circle, with couples moving along it in turn.
<hw>barn owl</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a kind of owl, Tyto alba, frequenting barns.
<hw>barnstorm</hw> \K/"bA:nstO:m/\k \Iv.intr.\i\p\B1\b \ITheatr\i tour rural districts giving theatrical performances (formerly often in barns).\p\B2\b \BN. Amer.\b \IPolit\i make a rapid tour, esp. for political meetings.\p\B3\b \BN. Amer.\b \IAeron.\i give informal flying exhibitions; do stunt flying.\p\B4\b (as \Bbarnstorming\b \Iadj.)\i effective in a spectacular or swaggering way.\Ksense 4 new f. corpus, incomings AJS Nov 94\k \Bbarnstormer\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>barnyard</hw> \K/"bA:njA:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAgriculture\i the area around a barn; a farmyard.
<hw>barograph</hw> \K/"bar\F'\ngrA:f/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i a barometer that records its readings on a moving chart. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ibaros\i 'weight' + \J\X-graph\x\j\c
<hw>barometer</hw> \K/b\F'\n"rQmIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPhysics\i an instrument measuring atmospheric pressure, esp. in forecasting the weather and determining altitude.\p\B2\b anything which reflects changes in circumstances, opinions, etc. \Bbarometric\b \K/bar\F'\n"mEtrIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Bbarometrical\b \K/bar\F'\n"mEtrIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Bbarometry\b \K/-mItri/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ibaros\i 'weight' + \J\X-meter\x\j\c
<hw>baron</hw> \K/"bar(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a member of the lowest order of the British nobility. \Bb\b a similar member of a foreign nobility.\p\B2\b an important businessman or other powerful or influential person \3(sugar baron;\c \2newspaper baron).\c\p\B3\b \Ihist.\i a person who held lands or property from the sovereign or a powerful overlord. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Anglo-French \Ibarun,\i Old French \Ibaron\i from medieval Latin \Ibaro,\i \I-onis\i 'man, warrior', of unknown origin\c
<hw>baronage</hw> \K/"bar(\F'\n)nIdZ/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b barons or nobles collectively.\p\B2\b an annotated list of barons or peers. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ibarnage\i (as \J\Xbaron\x)\j\c
<hw>baroness</hw> \K/"bar(\F'\n)nIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a woman holding the rank of baron either as a life peerage or as a hereditary rank.\p\B2\b the wife or widow of a baron. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ibaronesse\i (as \J\Xbaron\x)\j\c
<hw>baronet</hw> \K/"bar(\F'\n)nIt/\k\p\In.\i\pa member of the lowest hereditary titled British order. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Anglo-Latin \Ibaronettus\i (as \J\Xbaron\x)\j\c
<hw>baronetage</hw> \K/"bar(\F'\n)nItIdZ/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b baronets collectively.\p\B2\b an annotated list of baronets.
<hw>baronetcy</hw> \K/"bar(\F'\n)nItsi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b the domain, rank, or tenure of a baronet.
<hw>baronial</hw> \K/b\F'\n"r\F'\nUnI\F'\nl/\k \Iadj.\i of, relating to, or befitting barons.
<hw>baron of beef</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ICookery Agriculture\i an undivided double sirloin.
<hw>barony</hw> \K/"bar(\F'\n)ni/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b the domain, rank, or tenure of a baron.\p\B2\b (in Ireland) a division of a county.\p\B3\b (in Scotland) a large manor or estate. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ibaronie\i (as \J\Xbaron\x)\j\c
<hw>baroque</hw> \K/b\F'\n"rQk/, /-"r\F'\nUk/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IArchit Art Mus\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b highly ornate and extravagant in style, esp. of European art, architecture, and music of the 17th and 18th c.\p\B2\b of or relating to this period.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the baroque style.\p\B2\b baroque art collectively. \BEtymology:\b \3French (originally = 'irregular pearl') from Portuguese \Ibarroco,\i of unknown origin\c
<hw>baroreceptor</hw> \K/"bar\F'\nUrI%sEpt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiol.\i a receptor sensitive to changes in pressure.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ibaros\i 'weight'\c
<hw>barouche</hw> \K/b\F'\n"ru:S/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITransport\i a horse-drawn carriage with four wheels and a collapsible hood over the rear half, used esp. in the 19th c. \BEtymology:\b \3German (dialect) \IBarutsche\i from Italian \Ibaroccio,\i ultimately from Latin \Ibirotus\i 'two-wheeled'\c
<hw>bar person</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b a barmaid or barman.
<hw>barque</hw> \K/bA:k/\k\p\In.\i\p\INaut\i\p\B1\b a sailing ship with the rear mast fore-and-aft-rigged and the remaining (usu. two) masts square-rigged.\p\B2\b \Ipoet.\i any boat. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from French, probably via Provenτal \Ibarca\i from Latin \Ibarca\i 'ship's boat'\c
<hw>barquentine</hw> \K/"bA:k(\F'\n)nti:n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Besp. US\b \Bbarkentine)\b \INaut\i a sailing ship with the foremast square-rigged and the remaining (usu. two) masts fore-and-aft-rigged.\Kbarquantine omitted Mar 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbarque\x\j on the pattern of \Ibrigantine\i\c
<hw>barrack (1)</hw> \K/"bar\F'\nk/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\I(usu. in \Bpl.,\b\i \Ioften treated as \Bsing.)\b\i\p\B1\b \IMil\i a building or building complex used to house soldiers.\p\B2\b any building used to accommodate large numbers of people.\p\B3\b a large building of a bleak or plain appearance. \Iv.tr.\i \IMil\i place (soldiers etc.) in barracks. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ibaraque\i from Italian \Ibaracca\i or Spanish \Ibarraca\i 'soldier's tent', of unknown origin\c
<hw>barrack (2)</hw> \K/"bar\F'\nk/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\BBrit.,\b \BAustral.,\b & \BNZ\b\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \I(also \Babsol.)\b\i shout or jeer at (players in a game, a performer, speaker, etc.).\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bfor)\b\i (of spectators at games etc.) cheer for, encourage (a team etc.).\Ketymol. changed to match NSOED, AND Jul 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3probably from N. Irish dialect\c
<hw>barrack-room lawyer</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b a pompously argumentative person.
<hw>barrack square</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IMil\i a drill ground near a barracks.
<hw>barracouta</hw> \K/bar\F'\n"ku:t\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i same or \Bbarracoutas)\b \IZool\i\p\B1\b a long slender fish, Thyrsites atun, usu. found in southern oceans.\p\B2\b \BNZ\b \IFood\i a small narrow loaf of bread. \BEtymology:\b \3variant of \J\Xbarracuda\x\j\c
<hw>barracuda</hw> \K/bar\F'\n"ku:d\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i same or \Bbarracudas)\b \IZool\i a large and voracious tropical marine fish of the family Sphyraenidae. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin American Spanish \Ibarracuda\i\c
<hw>barrage</hw> \K/"barA:Z/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMil\i a concentrated artillery bombardment over a wide area.\p\B2\b a rapid succession of questions or criticisms.\p\B3\b \BBrit.\b an artificial barrier, esp. in a river.\p\B4\b a heat or deciding event in fencing, showjumping, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3French from \Ibarrer\i (as \J\Xbar\x (1))\j\c
<hw>barrage balloon</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i \Ihist.\i a large anchored balloon, often with netting suspended from it, used (usu. as one of a series) as a defence against low-flying aircraft.
<hw>barramundi</hw> \K/bar\F'\n"mVndi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i same or \Bbarramundis)\b \IZool\i any of various Australian freshwater fishes, esp. Lates calcarifer, used as food. \BEtymology:\b \3probably Aboriginal (Queensland)\c
<hw>barrator</hw> \K/"bar\F'\nt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a malicious person causing discord.\p\B2\b \ILaw\i \Ihist.\i a vexatious litigant. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Anglo-French \Ibaratour,\i Old French \Ibarateor\i 'trickster', from \Ibarat\i 'deceit', ultimately from Greek \Iprattein\i 'do, perform, manage'\c
<hw>barratry</hw> \K/"bar\F'\ntri/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \INaut\i fraud or gross negligence of a ship's master or crew at the expense of its owners or users.\p\B2\b \ILaw\i \Ihist.\i vexatious litigation or incitement to it.\p\B3\b \ICommerce Relig\i \Ihist.\i trade in the sale of church or state appointments. \Bbarratrous\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ibaraterie\i (as \J\Xbarrator\x)\j\c
<hw>barre</hw> \K/bA:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IDancing\i a horizontal bar at waist level used in dance exercises. \BEtymology:\b \3French\c
<hw>barrΘ</hw> \K/"bareI/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMus.\i a method of playing a chord on the guitar etc. with a finger laid across the strings at a particular fret, raising their pitch. \BEtymology:\b \3French, past part. of \Ibarrer\i 'bar'\c
<hw>barrel</hw> \K/"bar(\F'\n)l/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a cylindrical container usu. bulging out in the middle, traditionally made of wooden staves with metal hoops round them.\p\B2\b the contents of this.\p\B3\b \ISci\i a measure of capacity, usu. varying from 30 to 40 gallons.\p\B4\b a cylindrical tube forming part of an object such as a gun or a pen.\p\B5\b the belly and loins of a four-legged animal, e.g. a horse.\p\Iv.\i\p\B(barrelled,\b \Bbarrelling;\b \BUS\b \Bbarreled,\b \Bbarreling)\b\p\B1\b \Itr.\i put into a barrel or barrels.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \BN. Amer.\b \Islang\i drive fast.\p\1a barrel of fun (or laughs)\c \I(often with \Bneg.)\b\i \Icolloq.\i a source of much fun or amusement.\Kbarrel of fun/laughs new in COD9 f. NSOED, corpus Jul 93\k\p\1over a barrel\c \Icolloq.\i in a helpless position; at a person's mercy. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ibaril\i from medieval Latin \Ibarrilus\i 'small cask'\c
<hw>barrel-chested</hw> \Iadj.\i having a large rounded chest.
<hw>barrel organ</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMus\i a mechanical musical instrument in which a rotating pin-studded cylinder acts on a series of pipe-valves, strings, or metal tongues.
<hw>barrel roll</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAeron\i an aerobatic manoeuvre in which an aircraft follows a single turn of a spiral while rolling once about its longitudinal axis.
<hw>barrel vault</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IArchit.\i a vault forming a half cylinder. \Bbarrel-vaulted\b \Iadj.\i\K-ed new f. corpus Dec 93\k
<hw>barren</hw> \K/"bar(\F'\n)n/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i \B(barrener,\b \Bbarrenest)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b \IBiol\i unable to bear young. \Bb\b \IBot\i unable to produce fruit or vegetation.\p\B2\b meagre, unprofitable.\p\B3\b dull, unstimulating.\p\B4\b \I(foll. by \Bof)\b\i lacking in \3(barren of wit).\c\p\In.\i\p\IGeog\i a barren tract or tracts of land, esp. \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i in N. America. \Bbarrenly\b \Iadv.\i \Bbarrenness\b \K/"bar(\F'\n)nnIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Anglo-French \Ibarai(g)ne,\i Old French \Ibarhaine\i etc., of unknown origin\c
<hw>barrette</hw> \K/ba"rEt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFashion\i a hairslide.\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED Jul 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3French, diminutive of \J\Xbarre\x\j\c
<hw>barricade</hw> \K/barI"keId/\k \In. & v.\i \IFortification etc.\i\p\In.\i\pa barrier, esp. one improvised across a street etc. \Iv.tr.\i block or defend with a barricade. \BEtymology:\b \3French from \Ibarrique\i 'cask', from Spanish \Ibarrica,\i related to \J\Xbarrel\x\j\c
<hw>barrier</hw> \K/"barI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a fence or other obstacle that bars advance or access.\p\B2\b an obstacle or circumstance that keeps people or things apart, or prevents communication \3(class barriers;\c \2a language barrier).\c\p\B3\b anything that prevents progress or success.\p\B4\b \BBrit.\b a gate at a car park, railway station, etc., that controls access.\p\B5\b \Icolloq.\i = \J\Xsound barrier\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Anglo-French \Ibarrere,\i Old French \Ibarriere\i\c
<hw>barrier cream</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IPharm\i a cream used to protect the skin from damage or infection.
<hw>barrier reef</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IGeog\i a coral reef separated from the shore by a broad deep channel.
<hw>barrio</hw> \K/"barI\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b \ISociol\i (in the US) the Spanish-speaking quarter of a town or city. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish, = district of a town\c
<hw>barrister</hw> \K/"barIst\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p(in full \Bbarrister-at-law)\b \ILaw\i \Besp. Brit.\b a person called to the bar and entitled to practise as an advocate in the higher courts. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, from \J\Xbar\x (1),\j perhaps on the pattern of \Iminister\i\c
<hw>bar room</hw>\p\In.\i\p\I(hyphenated when \Battrib.)\b\i \IDrink\i a room with a bar selling alcoholic refreshments.\Knew word in COD9 f. NSOED, corpus; used in def. of cantina Jul 93\k
<hw>barrow (1)</hw> \K/"bar\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b \ICommerce\i a two-wheeled handcart used esp. by street vendors.\p\B2\b \IHort\i = \J\Xwheelbarrow\x.\j\p\B3\b a metal frame with two wheels used for transporting luggage etc. \Bbarrowload\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibearwe,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>barrow (2)</hw> \K/"bar\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\IArchaeol.\i an ancient grave mound or tumulus. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibeorg,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>barrow boy</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ICommerce\i a boy or man who sells wares from a barrow.
<hw>bar sinister</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IHeraldry\i in popular use, a supposed heraldic sign of bastardy (cf. \Ibend sinister\i at \J\Xbend\x (2)).\j
<hw>bar stool</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IFurniture\i a tall stool for sitting on at a bar.\Knew f. corpus Dec 93\k
<hw>Bart.</hw> \K/bA:t/\k \Iabbr.\i Baronet.
<hw>bartender</hw> \K/"bA:tEnd\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pa person serving behind the bar of a public house.
<hw>barter</hw> \K/"bA:t\F'\n/\k \Iv. & n.\i \ICommerce\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i exchange (goods or services) without using money.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i make such an exchange.\p\In.\i\ptrade by exchange of goods. \Bbarterer\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3probably Old French \Ibarater:\i see \J\Xbarrator\x\j\c
<hw>bartizan</hw> \K/bA:tI"zan/\k\p\In.\i\p\IArchit.\i a battlemented parapet or an overhanging corner turret at the top of a castle or church tower.\Kbartizaned omitted Jul 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3variant of \Ibertisene,\i erroneous spelling of \Ibratticing:\i see \J\Xbrattice\x\j\c
<hw>bar tracery</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IArchit\i tracery with strips of stone across an aperture.
<hw>baryon</hw> \K/"barIQn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i a subatomic particle that has a mass equal to or greater than that of a proton (i.e. is a nucleon or a hyperon). \Bbaryonic\b \K/-"QnIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ibarus\i 'heavy' + \J\X-on\x\j\c
<hw>barysphere</hw> \K/"barIsfI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeol\i the dense interior of the earth, including the mantle and core, enclosed by the lithosphere. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ibarus\i 'heavy' + \Isphaira\i 'sphere'\c
<hw>baryta</hw> \K/b\F'\n"rVIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i barium oxide or hydroxide. \Bbarytic\b \K/-"rItIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbarytes\x,\j on the pattern of \Isoda\i etc.\c
<hw>baryte</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xbarite\x.\j\Knew xref Aug 94\k
<hw>barytes</hw> \K/b\F'\n"rVIti:z/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMineral Chem\i = \J\Xbarite\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ibarus\i 'heavy', partly assimilated to mineral names in \I-ites\i\c
<hw>basal</hw> \K/"beIs(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of, at, or forming a base.\p\B2\b fundamental. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbase\x (1)\j + \J\X-al\x\j\c
<hw>basal ganglia</hw> \In.pl.\i \IAnat.\i a group of structures linked to the thalamus in the base of the brain and involved in coordination of movement.\Knew from SOED, Coll. Oct 93\k
<hw>basal metabolism</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBiochem\i the chemical processes occurring in an organism at complete rest.
<hw>basalt</hw> \K/"basO:lt/, /-(\F'\n)lt/, /b\F'\n"sO:lt/, /-"sQlt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IGeol\i a dark basic volcanic rock whose deposits sometimes form columns.\p\B2\b \IPorcelain\i a kind of black stoneware resembling basalt. \Bbasaltic\b \K/b\F'\n"sO:ltIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ibasaltes,\i variant of \Ibasanites,\i from Greek, from \Ibasanos\i 'touchstone'\c
<hw>bascule bridge</hw> \K/"baskju:l/\k\p\In.\i\p\IArchit\i a type of drawbridge which is raised and lowered using counterweights. \BEtymology:\b \3French, earlier \Ibacule\i 'see-saw' from \Ibattre\i 'bump' + \Icul\i 'buttocks'\c
<hw>base (1)</hw> \K/beIs/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a part that supports from beneath or serves as a foundation for an object or structure. \Bb\b a notional structure or entity on which something draws or depends \3(power base;\c \2economic base).\c\p\B2\b a principle or starting point; a basis.\p\B3\b \Iesp. Mil.\i a place from which an operation or activity is directed.\p\B4\b \Ba\b a main or important ingredient of a mixture. \Bb\b a substance, e.g. water, in combination with which pigment forms paint etc.\p\B5\b a substance used as a foundation for make-up.\p\B6\b \Ba\b \IChem.\i a substance capable of reacting with an acid to form a salt and water, or (more broadly) of accepting or neutralizing hydrogen ions. \Bb\b \IBiochem.\i a purine or pyrimidine group as in a nucleotide or nucleic acid.\Ksense 6b new f. OERD April 94\k\p\B7\b \IMath.\i \IComputing\i a number in terms of which other numbers or logarithms are expressed (see \J\Xradix\x 1).\j\p\B8\b \IArchit.\i the part of a column between the shaft and pedestal or pavement.\p\B9\b \IGeom.\i a line or surface on which a figure is regarded as standing.\p\B10\b \ISurveying\i a known line used as a geometrical base for trigonometry.\p\B11\b \IElectronics\i the middle part of a transistor separating the emitter from the collector.\p\B12\b \ILinguistics\i a root or stem as the origin of a word or a derivative.\p\B13\b \IBaseball etc.\i one of the four stations that must be reached in turn to score a run.\p\B14\b \IBot.\i & \IZool.\i the end at which an organ is attached to the trunk or main part.\p\B15\b \IHeraldry\i the lowest part of a shield. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bon,\b \Bupon)\b\i found or establish \3(a theory based on speculation;\c \2his opinion was soundly based).\c\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bat,\b \Bin,\b etc.)\i station \3(troops were based in Malta).\c\p\1get to first base\c \Besp. N. Amer.\b \Islang\i achieve the first step towards one's objective.\p\1off base\c \Besp. N. Amer.\b \Islang\i\p\B1\b mistaken.\p\B2\b unprepared, unawares.\p\1touch base\c \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i \Besp. N. Amer.\b make (personal) contact. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ibase\i or Latin \Ibasis\i 'stepping, step, pedestal', from Greek\c
<hw>base (2)</hw> \K/beIs/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b lacking moral worth; cowardly, despicable.\p\B2\b menial.\p\B3\b not pure; alloyed \3(base coin).\c\p\B4\b (of a metal) not regarded as noble or precious. \Bbasely\b \Iadv.\i \Bbaseness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English in the sense 'of small height', via French \Ibas\i from medieval Latin \Ibassus\i 'short' (in Latin as a cognomen)\c
<hw>baseball</hw> \K/"beIsbO:l/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISport Baseball\i\p\B1\b a game played esp. in the US with teams of nine, a bat and ball, and a circuit of four bases which the batter must complete to score.\p\B2\b the ball used in this game.
<hw>baseboard</hw> \K/"beIsbO:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b \IBuilding\i a skirting board.
<hw>base camp</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMountaineering Mil.\i a camp from which expeditions set out or operations are conducted.\Knew f. OED, corpus Aug 93\k
<hw>basehead</hw> \K/"beIshEd/\k\p\In.\i\p\BUS\b \IDrugs\i \Islang\i a person who habitually takes either of the drugs freebase or crack.\Knew in COD9 f. NEWS Feb 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xfreebase\x\j + \J\Xhead\x\j\c
<hw>base hospital</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Besp. Austral.\b \IMed Mil\i a hospital in a rural area, or (in warfare) removed from the field of action.
<hw>BASE jump</hw> \K/beIs/\k \In. & v.\i (also \Bbase jump)\b\p\In.\i\pa parachute jump from a fixed point (esp. a high building or promontory) rather than an aircraft. \Iv.intr.\i perform such a jump. \BBASE jumper\b\p\In.\i\p\Knew in COD9 f. NEWS\k \BEtymology:\b \3acronym from \Ib\iuilding, \Ia\intenna-tower, \Is\ipan, \Ie\iarth, denoting the types of structure used\c
<hw>baseline</hw> \K/"beIslVIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a line used as a base or starting point.\p\B2\b \ISport\i (in tennis, volleyball, etc.) the line marking each end of a court.
<hw>baseload</hw> \K/"beIsl\F'\nUd/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IElectr.\i the permanent load on power supplies etc.
<hw>baseman</hw> \K/"beIsm\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-men)\b \IBaseball\i a fielder stationed near a base.
<hw>basement</hw> \K/"beIsm(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IArchit\i the lowest floor of a building, usu. at least partly below ground level. \BEtymology:\b \3probably Dutch, perhaps from Italian \Ibasamento\i 'column-base'\c
<hw>basement membrane</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAnat.\i a thin delicate membrane separating the epithelium from underlying tissue.\Knew f. OERD May 94\k
<hw>basenji</hw> \K/b\F'\n"sEndZi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bbasenjis)\b \IZool.\i a smallish hunting dog of a central African breed, which growls and yelps but does not bark.\Knew in COD9 f. COD7, COD box, NSOED Jul 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Bantu\c
<hw>base pairing</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBiochem.\i complementary binding by means of hydrogen bonds of a purine to a pyrimidine base in opposite strands of nucleic acids.
<hw>base rate</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IFinance\i the interest rate set by the Bank of England, used as the basis for other banks' rates.
<hw>base unit</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ISci\i a unit that is defined arbitrarily and not by combinations of other units.
<hw>bash</hw> \K/baS/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b strike bluntly or heavily. \Bb\b \I(often foll. by \Bup)\b\i \Icolloq.\i attack violently. \Bc\b \I(often foll. by \Bdown,\b \Bin,\b etc.)\i damage or break by striking forcibly. \Bd\b \Besp. N. Amer.\b criticize severely.\Ksense 1d new f. SOED, incomings Oct 94\k\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Binto)\b\i collide with.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a heavy blow.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i an attempt \3(had a bash at painting).\c\p\B3\b \Islang\i a party or social event. \BEtymology:\b \3imitative, perhaps from \Ibang,\i \Ismash,\i \Idash,\i etc.\c
<hw>basho</hw> \K/"baS\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i same or \B-os)\b \ISport\i a sumo wrestling tournament.\Knew in COD9 f. corpus, NEWS Feb 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Japanese from \Iba\i 'place' + \Isho\i 'victory, win'\c
<hw>BASIC</hw> \K/"beIsIk/\k\p\In.\i\p\IComputing\i a computer programming language using familiar English words, designed for beginners and widely used on microcomputers. \BEtymology:\b \3\IB\ieginner's \IA\ill-purpose \IS\iymbolic \II\instruction \IC\iode\c
<hw>basic</hw> \K/"beIsIk/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b forming or serving as a base.\p\B2\b fundamental.\p\B3\b \Ba\b simplest or lowest in level \3(basic pay;\c \2basic requirements).\c \Bb\b vulgar \3(basic humour).\c\p\B4\b \IChem.\i having the properties of or containing a base.\p\B5\b \IGeol.\i (of volcanic rocks etc.) having less than 50 per cent silica.\p\B6\b \IMetallurgy\i designating, involving, or resulting from steel-making processes using lime-rich refractories etc. \3(basic slag).\c\p\In.\i\p\I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i the fundamental facts or principles. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbase\x (1)\j + \J\X-ic\x\j\c
<hw>basically</hw> \K/"beIsIk(\F'\n)li/\k \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b fundamentally, essentially.\p\B2\b (qualifying a clause) in fact, actually.\Knew as hwd in COD9 f. ODNW Jul 93\k
<hw>basic dye</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IChem Dyeing\i a dye consisting of salts of organic bases.
<hw>Basic English</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ILinguistics\i a simplified form of English limited to 850 selected words, intended for international communication.
<hw>basic industry</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IEcon\i an industry of fundamental economic importance.
<hw>basicity</hw> \K/beI"sIsIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i the number of protons with which a base will combine.
<hw>basic slag</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i slag containing phosphates formed as a by-product during steel manufacture and used as fertilizer.
<hw>basic wage</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IFinance\i\p\B1\b a minimum wage earned before possible additional payments such as overtime etc.\Ksense new f. corpus, incomings, OERD May 94\k\p\B2\b \BAustral.\b & \BNZ\b the minimum living wage, fixed by industrial tribunal.
<hw>basidium</hw> \K/b\F'\n"sIdI\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bbasidia\b \K/-dI\F'\n/\k) \IBiol\i a microscopic spore-bearing structure produced by certain fungi. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from Greek \Ibasidion,\i diminutive of \J\Xbasis\x\j\c
<hw>basil</hw> \K/"baz(\F'\n)l/, /-zIl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i an aromatic herb of the genus \IOcimum,\i esp. O. basilicum (in full \Bsweet basil),\b whose leaves are used as a flavouring in savoury dishes. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ibasile\i and medieval Latin \Ibasilicus\i from Greek \Ibasilikos\i 'royal'\c
<hw>basilar</hw> \K/"basIl\F'\n/\k \Iadj.\i \IAnat\i of or at the base (esp. of the skull). \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \Ibasilaris\i (as \J\Xbasis\x)\j\c
<hw>basilica</hw> \K/b\F'\n"sIlIk\F'\n/, /-"zIl-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IArchit\i an ancient Roman public hall with an apse and colonnades, used as a law court and place of assembly.\p\B2\b \IRelig\i a similar building used as a Christian church.\p\B3\b \IRelig\i a church having special privileges from the Pope. \Bbasilican\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin from Greek \Ibasilike\i \I(oikia,\i \Istoa)\i 'royal (house, portico)' from \Ibasileus\i 'king'\c
<hw>basilisk</hw> \K/"bazIlIsk/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMythol\i a mythical reptile with a lethal breath and look.\p\B2\b \IZool\i any small American lizard of the genus \IBasiliscus,\i with a crest from its back to its tail.\p\B3\b \IHeraldry\i = \J\Xcockatrice\x 2.\j \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Latin \Ibasiliscus\i from Greek \Ibasiliskos\i 'little king, serpent'\c
<hw>basin</hw> \K/"beIs(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b = \J\Xwashbasin\x.\j \Bb\b a wide round open container, esp. one for preparing food in or for holding water.\p\B2\b a hollow rounded depression.\p\B3\b \INaut\i any sheltered area of water where boats can moor safely.\p\B4\b a round valley.\p\B5\b \IGeog\i an area drained by rivers and tributaries.\p\B6\b \IGeol.\i \Ba\b a rock formation where the strata dip towards the centre. \Bb\b an accumulation of rock strata formed in this dip as a result of subsidence and sedimentation. \Bbasinful\b\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-fuls).\b \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ibacin\i from medieval Latin \Iba(s)cinus,\i perhaps from Gaulish\c
<hw>basipetal</hw> \K/beI"sIpIt(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \IBot.\i (of each new part produced) developing nearer the base than the previous one did. \Bbasipetally\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbasis\x\j + Latin \Ipetere\i 'seek'\c
<hw>basis</hw> \K/"beIsIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bbases\b \K/-si:z/\k)\p\B1\b the foundation or support of something, esp. an idea or argument.\p\B2\b the main or determining principle or ingredient \3(on a purely friendly basis).\c\p\B3\b the starting point for a discussion etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin from Greek, = \J\Xbase\x (1)\j\c
<hw>bask</hw> \K/bA:sk/\k \Iv.intr.\i\p\B1\b sit or lie back lazily in warmth and light \3(basking in the sun).\c\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bin)\b\i derive great pleasure (from) \3(basking in glory).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, apparently from Old Norse: related to \J\Xbathe\x\j\c
<hw>basket</hw> \K/"bA:skIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a container made of interwoven cane etc.\p\B2\b a container resembling this.\p\B3\b the amount held by a basket.\p\B4\b \ISport\i the goal in basketball, or a goal scored.\p\B5\b \IEcon.\i a group or range (of currencies).\p\B6\b \BBrit.\b \Ieuphem.\i \Icolloq.\i bastard. \Bbasketful\b\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-fuls).\b \BEtymology:\b \3Anglo-French & Old French \Ibasket,\i Anglo-Latin \Ibaskettum,\i of unknown origin\c
<hw>basketball</hw> \K/"bA:skItbO:l/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISport\i\p\B1\b a game between two teams of five, in which goals are scored by making the ball drop through hooped nets fixed high up at each end of a court.\p\B2\b the ball used in this game.
<hw>basket case</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Icolloq.\i \Ioffens.\i\p\B1\b a person who has lost both arms and legs.\p\B2\b something regarded as hopeless, esp. a bankrupt country or a helpless person.\Knew word in COD9 f. NSOED, corpus Jul 93\k
<hw>basket-maker</hw>\p\In.\i\pa person who makes baskets. \Bbasket-making\b\p\In.\i\p\Knew f. SOED, corpus Sept 94\k
<hw>basketry</hw> \K/"bA:skItri/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the art of making baskets.\p\B2\b baskets collectively.
<hw>basket weave</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ITextiles\i a weave resembling that of a basket.
<hw>basketwork</hw> \K/"bA:skItw\F'\n:k/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b material woven in the style of a basket.\p\B2\b the art of making this.
<hw>basking shark</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a very large shark, Cetorhinus maximus, which feeds on plankton and often lies near the surface of the sea.
<hw>basmati</hw> \K/bas"mA:ti/, /-z-/\k\p\In.\i\p(in full \Bbasmati rice)\b \IFood\i a kind of long-grain Indian rice, with a delicate nutty flavour. \BEtymology:\b \3Hindi, = fragrant\c
<hw>basophilic</hw> \K/beIz\F'\n(U)"fIlIk/\k \Iadj.\i \IBiol.\i (of a cell etc.) readily stained with basic dyes.\Knew f. OERD May 94\k
<hw>Basque</hw> \K/bask/, /bA:sk/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPeople\i a member of a people of the western Pyrenees.\p\B2\b \ILanguage\i the language of this people. \Iadj.\i of or relating to the Basques or their language. \BEtymology:\b \3French from Latin \IVasco -onis\i\c
<hw>basque</hw> \K/bask/, /bA:sk/\k\p\In.\i\p\IClothing\i a close-fitting bodice extending from the shoulders to the waist and often with a short continuation below waist level. \BEtymology:\b \3origin unknown: perhaps allusively from \J\XBasque\x,\j referring to Basque dress\c
<hw>bas-relief</hw> \K/"basrIli:f/, /"bA:(s)-/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISculpture\i\p\B1\b = \Ilow relief\i \I(see\i \J\Xrelief\x 6a).\j\p\B2\b a sculpture, carving, etc. in low relief. \BEtymology:\b \3earlier \Ibasse relieve\i from Italian \Ibasso-rilievo\i 'low relief': later altered to French form\c
<hw>bass (1)</hw> \K/beIs/\k \In. & adj.\i \IMus\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the lowest adult male singing voice. \Bb\b a singer with this voice. \Bc\b a part written for it.\p\B2\b the lowest part in harmonized music.\p\B3\b \Ba\b an instrument that is the lowest in pitch in its family. \Bb\b a player of such an instrument.\p\B4\b \Icolloq.\i \Ba\b a bass guitar or double bass. \Bb\b a player of this instrument.\p\B5\b the low-frequency output of a radio, record player, etc., corresponding to the bass in music. \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b lowest in musical pitch.\p\B2\b deep-sounding. \Bbassist\b\p\In.\i\p(in sense 4b of \In.).\i \BEtymology:\b \3alteration of \J\Xbase\x (2)\j influenced by \J\Xbasso\x\j\c
<hw>bass (2)</hw> \K/bas/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i same or \Bbasses)\b \IZool\i\p\B1\b the common European freshwater perch.\p\B2\b \Ba\b a similar marine fish, Dicentrarchus labrax of European waters. \Bb\b a related N. American fish of the genus \IMorone.\i\p\B3\b (in full \Bsea bass)\b a similar marine fish of the family Serranidae, esp. of the genus \ICentropristis.\i\p\B4\b (in full \Bblack bass)\b an American freshwater fish of the genus \IMicropterus.\i \BEtymology:\b \3earlier \Ibarse\i from Old English \Ibµrs\i\c
<hw>bass (3)</hw> \K/bas/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i = \J\Xbast\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3alteration of \J\Xbast\x\j\c
<hw>bass clef</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMus\i a clef placing F below middle C on the second highest line of the staff.
<hw>basset</hw> \K/"basIt/\k\p\In.\i\p(in full \Bbasset-hound)\b \IZool Hunting\i\p\B1\b a sturdy hunting dog of a breed with a long body, short legs, and big ears.\p\B2\b this breed. \BEtymology:\b \3French, diminutive of \Ibas basse\i 'low': see \J\Xbase\x (2)\j\c
<hw>basset-horn</hw> \K/"basIthO:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMus\i an alto clarinet in F, with a dark tone. \BEtymology:\b \3German, translation of French \Icor de bassette,\i from Italian \Icorno di bassetto\i from \Icorno\i 'horn' + \Ibassetto,\i diminutive of \Ibasso\i \J\Xbase\x (2)\j\c
<hw>bassinet</hw> \K/basI"nEt/\k\p\In.\i\pa child's wicker cradle, usu. with a hood. \BEtymology:\b \3French, diminutive of \Ibassin\i \J\Xbasin\x\j\c
<hw>basso</hw> \K/"bas\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os\b or \Bbassi\b \K/-si/\k) \IMus\i a singer with a bass voice. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian, = \J\Xbass\x (1)\j\c
<hw>bassoon</hw> \K/b\F'\n"su:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMus\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a bass instrument of the oboe family, with a double reed. \Bb\b a player of this instrument.\p\B2\b an organ stop with the quality of a bassoon. \Bbassoonist\b\p\In.\i\p(in sense 1a). \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ibasson\i from \Ibas\i \J\Xbass\x (1)\j\c
<hw>basso profundo</hw> \K/pr\F'\n"fVnd\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bbasso profundos\b or \Bbassi profundi\b \K/-di/\k) \IMus\i a bass singer with an exceptionally low range.\Kspelling changed as SOED Mar 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Italian: \J\Xbasso\x\j + \Iprofondo\i 'deep'\c
<hw>basso-relievo</hw> \K/%bas\F'\nUrI"li:v\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bbasso-rilievo\b \K/-rI"ljeIv\F'\nU/\k) \I(pl.\i \B-os)\b \ISculpture\i\p\B1\b = \Ilow relief\i \I(see\i \J\Xrelief\x 6a).\j\p\B2\b a sculpture, carving, etc. in low relief. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian \Ibasso-rilievo\i\c
<hw>bass viol</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMus\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a viola da gamba. \Bb\b a player of this instrument.\p\B2\b \BUS\b a double bass.
<hw>basswood</hw> \K/"baswUd/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBot\i the American lime, Tilia americana.\p\B2\b \IForestry\i the wood of this tree. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbass\x (3)\j + \J\Xwood\x\j\c
<hw>bast</hw> \K/bast/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i the inner bark of lime, or other flexible fibrous bark, used as fibre in matting etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibµst,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>bastard</hw> \K/"bA:st\F'\nd/, /"bast-/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Iarchaic\i or \Ioffens.\i \ILaw\i a person born of parents not married to each other.\p\B2\b \Icoarse slang\i \Ba\b an unpleasant or despicable person. \Bb\b a person of a specified kind \3(poor bastard;\c \2rotten bastard;\c \2lucky bastard).\c\p\B3\b \Icoarse slang\i a difficult or awkward thing, undertaking, etc. \Iadj.\i \I(usu. \Battrib.)\b\i\p\B1\b \Iarchaic\i or \Ioffens.\i born of parents not married to each other; illegitimate.\p\B2\b (of things): \Ba\b unauthorized, counterfeit. \Bb\b hybrid. \Bbastardy\b\p\In.\i\p(in sense 1 of\p\In.\i\p\Iarchaic).\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from medieval Latin \Ibastardus,\i perhaps from \Ibastum\i 'packsaddle': cf. Old French \Ifils de bas(t)\i 'packsaddle son' (son of a mule driver etc. using a packsaddle for a pillow)\c
<hw>baste (1)</hw> \K/beIst/\k \Iv.tr.\i \ICookery\i moisten (meat) with gravy or melted fat during cooking. \BEtymology:\b \315th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>baste (2)</hw> \K/beIst/\k \Iv.tr.\i \INeedlework\i stitch loosely together in preparation for sewing; tack. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ibastir\i 'sew lightly', ultimately from Germanic\c
<hw>baste (3)</hw> \K/beIst/\k \Iv.tr.\i beat soundly; thrash. \BEtymology:\b \3perhaps figurative use of \J\Xbaste\x (1)\j\c
<hw>bastille</hw> \K/ba"sti:l/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFortification\i \Ihist.\i a fortress or prison. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Provenτal \Ibastir\i 'build': the name of the fortress and prison in Paris, destroyed in 1789\c
<hw>bastinado</hw> \K/bastI"neId\F'\nU/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\ppunishment by beating with a stick on the soles of the feet. \Iv.tr.\i \B(-oes,\b \B-oed)\b punish (a person) in this way. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish \Ibastonada\i from \Ibast≤n\i \J\Xbaton\x\j\c
<hw>bastion</hw> \K/"bastI\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IFortification\i a projecting part of a fortification built at an angle of, or against the line of, a wall.\p\B2\b a thing regarded as protecting \3(bastion of freedom).\c\p\B3\b \IGeol\i a natural rock formation resembling a bastion. \BEtymology:\b \3French from Italian \Ibastione,\i from \Ibastire\i 'build'\c
<hw>basuco</hw> \K/b\F'\n"su:k\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\IDrugs\i a highly addictive impure form of cocaine.\Knew word in COD9 f. OMED, ODNW, NSOED Jul 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Colombian Spanish\c
<hw>bat (1)</hw> \K/bat/\k \In. & v.\i \ISport\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an implement with a handle, usu. of wood and with a flat or curved surface, used for hitting balls in games.\p\B2\b \ICricket\i a turn at using this.\p\B3\b a batsman, esp. in cricket, usu. described in some way \3(an excellent bat).\c\p\B4\b \I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i \IAeron\i an object like a table tennis bat used to guide aircraft when taxiing.\p\Iv.\i\p\B(batted,\b \Bbatting)\b\p\B1\b \Itr.\i hit with or as with a bat.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i take a turn at using a bat; have an innings at cricket, baseball, etc.\p\Bbat around\b\p\B1\b \Islang\i potter aimlessly.\p\B2\b discuss (an idea or proposal).\p\1off one's own bat\c \BBrit.\b unprompted, unaided.\p\1right off the bat\c \BN. Amer.\b immediately. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibatt\i 'club', perhaps partly from Old French \Ibatte,\i from \Ibattre\i 'strike'\c
<hw>bat (2)</hw> \K/bat/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i\p\B1\b any mouselike nocturnal mammal of the order Chiroptera, capable of flight by means of membranous wings extending from its forelimbs.\p\B2\b (esp. in phr. \Bold bat)\b \Iderog.\i a woman, esp. regarded as unattractive or unpleasant.\Ksense 2 new f. OERD Aug 94\k\p\1have bats in the belfry\c be eccentric or crazy.\p\1like a bat out of hell\c very fast. \BEtymology:\b \316th c., alteration of Middle English \Ibakke\i from Scandinavian\c
<hw>bat (3)</hw> \K/bat/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(batted,\b \Bbatting)\b\p\1not (or never) bat an eyelid\c (or \Beye)\b \Icolloq.\i show no reaction or emotion. \BEtymology:\b \3variant of obsolete \Ibate\i 'flutter'\c
<hw>batch</hw> \K/batS/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a number of things or persons forming a group or dealt with together.\p\B2\b an instalment \3(have sent off the latest batch).\c\p\B3\b \ICookery\i the loaves produced at one baking.\p\B4\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i using or dealt with in batches, not as a continuous flow \3(batch production).\c\p\B5\b \IComputing\i a group of records processed as a single unit. \Iv.tr.\i arrange or deal with in batches. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, ultimately from Old English \Ibacan\i \J\Xbake\x\j\c
<hw>batch processing</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the performance of an industrial process on material in batches.\p\B2\b \IComputing\i the processing of previously collected data or jobs in batches, esp. automatically.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k
<hw>bate</hw> \K/beIt/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bbait)\b \BBrit.\b \Islang\i a rage; a cross mood \3(is in an awful bate).\c \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbait\x\j = state of baited person\c
<hw>bateau</hw> \K/"bat\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bbateaux\b \K/-\F'\nUz/\k) \INaut\i a light riverboat, esp. of the flat-bottomed kind used in Canada. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = boat\c
<hw>bated</hw> \K/"beItId/\k \Iadj.\i\p\1with bated breath\c very anxiously. \BEtymology:\b \3past part. of obsolete \Ibate\i \I(v.)\i 'restrain', from \J\Xabate\x\j\c
<hw>Batesian mimicry</hw> \K/"beItsI\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool.\i mimicry in which an edible animal is protected by its resemblance to one avoided by predators. \BEtymology:\b \3H.W. \IBates,\i English naturalist d. 1892, + \J\X-ian\x\j\c\Knew f. OERD, Coll. Oct 93\k
<hw>bath</hw> \K/bA:T/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bbaths\b \K/bA:Dz/\k)\p\B1\b \Ba\b a container for liquid, usu. water, used for immersing and washing the body. \Bb\b this with its contents \3(your bath is ready).\c\p\B2\b the act or process of immersing the body for washing or therapy \3(have a bath;\c \2take a bath).\c\p\B3\b \Ba\b a vessel containing liquid in which something is immersed, esp. when undergoing a process such as film developing etc. \Bb\b this with its contents.\p\B4\b \I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i a building with baths or a swimming pool, usu. open to the public.\p\B5\b \Besp. N. Amer.\b a bathroom.\Ksense 5 new f. K. Barber Sep 93\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i wash (esp. a person) in a bath.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i take a bath. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibµth,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>Bath bun</hw> \K/bA:T/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ICookery\i a round yeast bun with currants, topped with granules of sugar. \BEtymology:\b \3\IBath\i in S. England, where it was originally made\c
<hw>bath chair</hw> \K/bA:T/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i \Iesp. hist.\i a kind of wheelchair for invalids. \BEtymology:\b \3\IBath\i in S. England, named for its hot springs, thought to have curative powers\c
<hw>bath cube</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b a cube of compacted bath salts.
<hw>bathe</hw> \K/beID/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i immerse oneself in water, esp. \B(Brit.)\b to swim or \B(esp. N. Amer.)\b to wash oneself.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b immerse in or wash or treat with liquid esp. for cleansing or medicinal purposes. \Bb\b \BN. Amer.\b wash (esp. a person) in a bath.\K2b new f. K. Barber Sep 93\k\p\B3\b \Itr.\i (of sunlight etc.) envelop.\p\In.\i\pan act of immersing oneself or part of the body in liquid, esp. to swim or cleanse. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibathian,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>bather</hw> \K/"beID\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person who bathes.\p\B2\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \BAustral.\b \IClothing\i a bathing costume.
<hw>bathhouse</hw> \K/"bA:ThaUs/\k\p\In.\i\pa building with baths for public use.
<hw>bathing suit</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B(Brit.\b also \Bbathing costume)\b \IClothing\i a garment worn for swimming.
<hw>bath mat</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a mat for standing on after getting out of the bath.\p\B2\b a rubber mat put in the bottom of a bath to prevent slipping.\Knew f. corpus, KB, SOED Oct 93\k
<hw>batholith</hw> \K/"baT\F'\nlIT/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeol\i a dome of igneous rock extending inwards to an unknown depth. \BEtymology:\b \3German from Greek \Ibathos\i 'depth' + \J\X-lith\x\j\c
<hw>Bath Oliver</hw> \K/bA:T "QlIv\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ICookery\i \Ipropr.\i a kind of savoury biscuit. \BEtymology:\b \3Dr W. \IOliver\i of \IBath\i (d. 1764), who invented it\c
<hw>bathometer</hw> \K/b\F'\n"TQmIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\INaut\i an instrument used to measure the depth of water. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ibathos\i 'depth' + \J\X-meter\x\j\c
<hw>bathos</hw> \K/"beITQs/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an unintentional lapse in mood from the sublime to the absurd or trivial.\p\B2\b a commonplace or ridiculous feature offsetting an otherwise sublime situation; an anticlimax. \Bbathetic\b \K/b\F'\n"TetIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Bbathotic\b \K/b\F'\n"TQtIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Greek, = depth\c
<hw>bathrobe</hw> \K/"bA:Tr\F'\nUb/\k\p\In.\i\p\IClothing\i a loose coat usu. of towelling worn esp. before and after taking a bath; a dressing gown.
<hw>bathroom</hw> \K/"bA:Tru:m/, /-rUm/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a room containing a bath and usu. other washing facilities. \Bb\b bathroom fitments or units esp. as sold together.\Knew to match kitchen Aug 93\k\p\B2\b \Besp. N. Amer.\b a room containing a lavatory.
<hw>bath salts</hw> \In.pl.\i soluble salts used for softening or scenting bathwater.
<hw>bathtub</hw> \K/"bA:TtVb/\k\p\In.\i\p= \J\Xbath\x\p\In.\i\p1.\j\Knew as hwd Jul 93\k
<hw>bathwater</hw> \K/"bA:TwO:t\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pthe water in a bath.\Knew word in COD9 f. NSOED, corpus Jul 93\k
<hw>bathymetry</hw> \K/b\F'\n"TImItri/\k\p\In.\i\pthe measurement of depth of water in seas, lakes, etc. \Bbathymeter\b\p\In.\i\p\Bbathymetric\b \K/baTI"mEtrIk/\k \Iadj.\i\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ibathus\i 'deep' + \J\X-metry\x\j\c
<hw>bathyscaphe</hw> \K/"baTIskaf/\k\p\In.\i\p\INaut\i a manned vessel for deep-sea diving. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ibathus\i 'deep' + \Iskaphos\i 'ship'\c
<hw>bathysphere</hw> \K/"baTIsfI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\INaut\i a spherical vessel for deep-sea observation. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ibathus\i 'deep' + \J\Xsphere\x\j\c
<hw>batik</hw> \K/"batIk/, /b\F'\n"ti:k/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITextiles\i a method (originally used in Java) of producing coloured designs on textiles by applying wax to the parts to be left uncoloured; a piece of cloth treated in this way. \BEtymology:\b \3Javanese, = painted\c
<hw>batiste</hw> \K/b\F'\n"ti:st/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\ITextiles\i a fine linen or cotton cloth. \Iadj.\i made of batiste. \BEtymology:\b \3French (earlier \Ibatiche),\i perhaps related to \Ibattre\i \J\Xbatter\x (1)\j\c
<hw>batman</hw> \K/"batm\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-men)\b \IMil.\i (in the British forces) an attendant serving an officer. \BEtymology:\b \3Old French \Ibat,\i \Ibast\i from medieval Latin \Ibastum\i 'packsaddle' + \J\Xman\x\j\c
<hw>baton</hw> \K/"bat(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMus\i a thin stick used by a conductor to direct an orchestra, choir, etc.\p\B2\b \IAthletics\i a short stick or tube carried and passed on by the runners in a relay race.\p\B3\b \IMus\i a long stick carried and twirled by a drum major.\p\B4\b a staff of office or authority, esp. a field marshal's.\p\B5\b \Besp. Brit.\b \ICriminol\i a police officer's truncheon.\p\B6\b \IHeraldry\i a narrow truncated bend.\p\B7\b a short bar replacing some figures on a clock-face etc. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IbΓton,\i \Ibaston,\i ultimately from Late Latin \Ibastum\i 'stick'\c
<hw>baton round</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IMil Ballistics\i a rubber or plastic bullet used esp. in riot control.
<hw>batrachian</hw> \K/b\F'\n"treIkI\F'\nn/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a frog or toad; an anuran. \Iadj.\i of or relating to frogs or toads. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ibatrakhos\i 'frog'\c
<hw>bats</hw> \K/bats/\k \Ipredic.adj.\i \Islang\i crazy. \BEtymology:\b \3from the phrase \Ihave bats in the belfry:\i see \J\Xbat\x (2)\j\c
<hw>batsman</hw> \K/"batsm\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-men)\b\p\B1\b \ISport\i a person who bats or is batting, esp. in cricket.\p\B2\b \IAeron\i a signaller using bats to guide aircraft on the ground. \Bbatsmanship\b\p\In.\i\p(in sense 1).
<hw>Batswana</hw> \Isee\i \J\XTswana\x.\j\Knew cross ref. Aug 94\k
<hw>battalion</hw> \K/b\F'\n"talI\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMil\i a large body of troops ready for battle, esp. an infantry unit forming part of a brigade.\p\B2\b a large group of people pursuing a common aim or sharing a major undertaking. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ibataillon\i from Italian \Ibattaglione,\i from \Ibattaglia\i \J\Xbattle\x\j\c
<hw>battels</hw> \K/"bat(\F'\n)lz/\k \In.pl.\i \BBrit.\b \IEducation Commerce\i an Oxford college account for expenses, esp. for board and the supply of provisions. \BEtymology:\b \3perhaps from obsolete \Ibattle\i \I(v.)\i 'fatten' from obsolete \Ibattle\i \I(adj.)\i 'nutritious': cf. \J\Xbatten\x (2)\j\c
<hw>batten (1)</hw> \K/"bat(\F'\n)n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ICarpentry Building\i a long flat strip of squared timber or metal, esp. used to hold something in place or as a fastening against a wall etc.\p\B2\b a strip of wood used for clamping the boards of a door etc.\p\B3\b \INaut.\i a strip of wood or metal for securing a tarpaulin over a ship's hatchway. \Iv.tr.\i strengthen or fasten with battens.\p\1batten down the hatches\c\p\B1\b \INaut.\i secure a ship's tarpaulins.\p\B2\b prepare for a difficulty or crisis. \BEtymology:\b \3Old French \Ibatant,\i part. of \Ibatre\i 'beat', from Latin \Ibattuere\i\c
<hw>batten (2)</hw> \K/"bat(\F'\n)n/\k \Iv.intr.\i \I(foll. by \Bon)\b\i thrive or prosper at another's expense. \BEtymology:\b \3Old Norse \Ibatna\i 'get better' from \Ibati\i 'advantage'\c
<hw>Battenberg</hw> \K/"bat(\F'\n)nb\F'\n:g/\k\p\In.\i\p\Besp. Brit.\b \ICookery\i a kind of oblong cake, usu. of two colours of sponge and covered with marzipan. \BEtymology:\b \3\IBattenberg\i in Germany\c
<hw>batter (1)</hw> \K/"bat\F'\n/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \Itr.\i strike repeatedly with hard blows, esp. so as to cause visible damage. \Bb\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bagainst,\b \Bat,\b etc.)\i strike repeated blows; pound heavily and insistently \3(batter at the door).\c\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \I(often in \Bpassive)\b\i \Ba\b handle roughly, esp. over a long period. \Bb\b censure or criticize severely. \Bbatterer\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Anglo-French \Ibaterer\i and Old French \Ibatre\i 'beat' from Latin \Ibattuere\i\c
<hw>batter (2)</hw> \K/"bat\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ICookery\i a fluid mixture of flour, egg, and milk or water, used in cooking, esp. for pancakes and for coating food before frying.\p\B2\b \IPrinting\i an area of damaged type. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Anglo-French \Ibatour\i from Old French \Ibateⁿre,\i from \Ibatre:\i see \J\Xbatter\x (1)\j\c
<hw>batter (3)</hw> \K/"bat\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISport\i \IBaseball\i a player batting, esp. in baseball.
<hw>batter (4)</hw> \K/"bat\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBuilding\i a wall etc. with a sloping face.\p\B2\b a receding slope. \Iv.intr.\i have a receding slope. \BEtymology:\b \316th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>battered</hw> \K/"bat\F'\nd/\k \Iadj.\i \ICookery\i (esp. of fish) coated in batter and deep-fried.
<hw>battered baby</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ISociol\i an infant that has suffered repeated violence from adults, esp. its parents.
<hw>battered wife</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ISociol\i a wife subjected to repeated violence by her husband.
<hw>battering ram</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \IFortification\i \Ihist.\i a heavy beam, originally with an end in the form of a carved ram's head, used in breaching fortifications. \Bb\b a similar object, used to break down doors.\Ksense 1b new f. corpus, Incomings, NSOED May 94\k\p\B2\b a means of forceful persuasion.\Ksense 2 new f. corpus, Incomings May 94\k
<hw>battery</hw> \K/"bat(\F'\n)ri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \IElectr\i a usu. portable container of a cell or cells carrying an electric charge, as a source of current.\p\B2\b \I(often \Battrib.)\b\i \Besp. Brit.\b \IAgriculture\i a series of cages for the intensive breeding and rearing of poultry or cattle.\p\B3\b a set of similar units of equipment, esp. connected.\p\B4\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bof)\b\i an extensive series, sequence, or range.\Ksense 4 new in COD9 f. NSOED, corpus Jul 93\k\p\B5\b \IPsychol\i a series of tests, esp. psychological.\p\B6\b \IMil\i \Ba\b a fortified emplacement for heavy guns. \Bb\b an artillery unit of guns, men, and vehicles.\p\B7\b \ILaw\i an act, including touching, inflicting unlawful personal violence on another person, even if no physical harm is done.\p\B8\b \IBaseball\i the pitcher and the catcher. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ibatterie\i from \Ibatre,\i \Ibattre\i 'strike' from Latin \Ibattuere\i\c
<hw>batting</hw> \K/"batIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the action of hitting with a bat.\p\B2\b \ITextiles\i cotton wadding prepared in sheets for use in quilts etc.
<hw>batting average</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ICricket\i a batsman's runs scored per completed innings.\p\B2\b \IBaseball\i a batter's safe hits per time at bat.
<hw>batting order</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICricket Baseball\i the order in which people act or take their turn, esp. of batsmen in cricket or baseball.
<hw>battle</hw> \K/"bat(\F'\n)l/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMil\i a prolonged fight between large organized armed forces.\p\B2\b a contest; a prolonged or difficult struggle \3(life is a constant battle;\c \2a battle of wits).\c\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i struggle; fight persistently \3(battled against the elements;\c \2battled for women's rights).\c\p\B2\b \Itr.\i fight (one's way etc.).\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \BN. Amer.\b engage in battle with.\p\1half the battle\c the key to the success of an undertaking. \Bbattler\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ibataille,\i ultimately from Late Latin \Ibattualia\i 'gladiatorial exercises', from Latin \Ibattuere\i 'beat'\c
<hw>battleaxe</hw> \K/"bat(\F'\n)laks/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMil\i a large axe used in ancient warfare.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i a formidable or domineering older woman.
<hw>battlebus</hw> \K/"bat(\F'\n)lbVs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i a bus or coach used as a mobile operational centre during an election campaign.\Knew word in COD9 f. NSOED Jul 93\k
<hw>battlecruiser</hw> \K/"bat(\F'\n)lkru:z\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMil Naut\i \Ihist.\i a heavy-gunned ship faster and more lightly armoured than a battleship.
<hw>battle-cry</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i a cry or slogan of participants in a battle or contest.
<hw>battledore</hw> \K/"bat(\F'\n)ldO:/\k\p\In.\i\p\Ihist.\i\p\B1\b \ISport\i \Ba\b (in full \Bbattledore and shuttlecock)\b a game played with a shuttlecock and rackets. \Bb\b the racket used in this.\p\B2\b \ICookery\i a kind of wooden utensil like a paddle, formerly used in washing, baking, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, perhaps from Provenτal \Ibatedor\i 'beater' from \Ibatre\i 'beat'\c
<hw>battlefield</hw> \K/"bat(\F'\n)lfi:ld/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bbattleground\b \K/-graUnd/\k) \IMil\i the piece of ground on which a battle is or was fought.
<hw>battlement</hw> \K/"bat(\F'\n)lm(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i \IFortification\i\p\B1\b a parapet with recesses along the top of a wall, as part of a fortification.\p\B2\b a section of roof enclosed by this \3(walking on the battlements).\c \Bbattlemented\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old French \Ibataillier\i 'furnish with ramparts' + \J\X-ment\x\j\c
<hw>battle royal</hw>\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bbattles royal)\b\p\B1\b \IMil\i a battle in which several combatants or all available forces engage; a free fight.\p\B2\b a heated argument.
<hw>battleship</hw> \K/"bat(\F'\n)lSIp/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMil Naut\i a warship with the heaviest armour and the largest guns.
<hw>battue</hw> \K/b\F'\n"t(j)u:/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IHunting\i \Ba\b the driving of game towards hunters by beaters. \Bb\b a shooting party arranged in this way.\p\B2\b wholesale slaughter. \BEtymology:\b \3French, fem. past part. of \Ibattre\i 'beat', from Latin \Ibattuere\i\c
<hw>batwing</hw> \K/"batwIN/\k \Iattrib.adj.\i \IClothing\i (esp. of a sleeve or a flame) shaped like the wing of a bat.
<hw>batwoman</hw> \K/"batwUm\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-women)\b \IMil\i a female attendant serving an officer in the British women's services. \BEtymology:\b \3as \J\Xbatman\x\j + \J\Xwoman\x\j\c
<hw>bauble</hw> \K/"bO:b(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a showy trinket or toy of little value.\p\B2\b a baton formerly used as an emblem by jesters. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iba(u)bel\i 'child's toy', of unknown origin\c
<hw>baud</hw> \K/b\F'\nUd/, /bO:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i same or \Bbauds)\b \IComputing etc.\i\p\B1\b a unit used to express the speed of electronic code-signals, corresponding to one information unit per second.\p\B2\b (loosely) a unit of data-transmission speed of one bit per second. \BEtymology:\b \3J. M. E. \IBaudot,\i French engineer d. 1903\c
<hw>Bauhaus</hw> \K/"baUhaUs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IArchit\i\p\B1\b a German school of architectural design (1919-33).\p\B2\b its principles, based on functionalism and development of existing skills. \BEtymology:\b \3German from \IBau\i 'building' + \IHaus\i 'house'\c
<hw>baulk</hw> \K/bO:lk/, /bO:k/\k \Iv. & n.\i (also \Besp. US\b \Bbalk)\b\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \Ba\b refuse to go on. \Bb\b \I(often foll. by \Bat)\b\i hesitate.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b thwart, hinder. \Bb\b disappoint.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b miss, let slip (a chance etc.). \Bb\b ignore, shirk.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a hindrance; a stumbling block.\p\B2\b \IBuilding\i \Ba\b a roughly squared timber beam. \Bb\b a tie-beam of a house.\p\B3\b \ISnooker etc.\i the area on the table from which a player begins a game.\p\B4\b \IBaseball\i an illegal action made by a pitcher.\p\B5\b a ridge left unploughed between furrows.\Kbaulker omitted Jul 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibalc\i via Old Norse \Ibßlkr\i from Germanic\c
<hw>bauxite</hw> \K/"bO:ksVIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMineral\i a claylike mineral containing varying proportions of alumina, the chief source of aluminium. \Bbauxitic\b \K/-"sItIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French from \ILes Baux\i near Arles in SE France (where it was found) + \J\X-ite\x (1)\j\c
<hw>Bavarian</hw> \K/b\F'\n"vE:rI\F'\nn/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IPeople Language\i \Iadj.\i of or relating to Bavaria in Germany, its people, or their dialect.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a native or inhabitant of Bavaria.\p\B2\b the dialect of German used there.\Knew word in COD9 f. corpus, NSOED Jul 93\k
<hw>bawd</hw> \K/bO:d/\k\p\In.\i\pa woman who runs a brothel. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English \Ibawdstrot\i from Old French \Ibaudetrot,\i \Ibaudestroyt\i 'procuress'\c
<hw>bay (1)</hw> \K/beI/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeog\i\p\B1\b a broad inlet of the sea where the land curves inwards.\p\B2\b a recess in a mountain range. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ibaie\i from Old Spanish \Ibahia\i\c
<hw>bay (2)</hw> \K/beI/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b (in full \Bbay laurel\b or \Bbay tree)\b \IBot\i a laurel, Laurus nobilis, having deep green leaves and purple berries; \Ialso called\i \Isweet bay.\i\p\B2\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i a wreath made of bay leaves, for a victor or poet. \BEtymology:\b \3Old French \Ibaie\i from Latin \Ibaca\i 'berry'\c
<hw>bay (3)</hw> \K/beI/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBuilding Archit\i a space created by a window-line projecting outwards from a wall.\p\B2\b \IBuilding Archit\i a recess; a section of wall between buttresses or columns, esp. in the nave of a church etc.\p\B3\b a compartment \3(bomb bay).\c\p\B4\b an area specially allocated or marked off \3(sickbay;\c \2loading bay).\c\p\B5\b \BBrit.\b \IRailways\i the terminus of a branch line at a railway station also having through lines, usu. at the side of an outer platform. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ibaie,\i from \Iba(y)er\i 'gape', from medieval Latin \Ibatare\i\c
<hw>bay (4)</hw> \K/beI/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i (esp. of a horse) dark reddish brown.\p\In.\i\pa bay horse with a black mane and tail. \BEtymology:\b \3Old French \Ibai\i from Latin \Ibadius\i\c
<hw>bay (5)</hw> \K/beI/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i (esp. of a large dog) bark or howl loudly and plaintively.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i bay at.\p\In.\i\pthe sound of baying, esp. in chorus from hounds in close pursuit.\p\1at bay\c\p\B1\b cornered, apparently unable to escape.\p\B2\b in a desperate situation.\p\Bbring to bay\b gain on in pursuit; trap.\p\Bhold (or keep) at bay\b hold off (a pursuer).\p\Bstand at bay\b turn to face one's pursuers. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ibai,\i \Ibaiier\i 'bark' from Italian \Ibaiare,\i of imitative origin\c
<hw>bayberry</hw> \K/"beIbEri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IBot\i a N. American shrub, Myrica cerifera, having aromatic leaves and bearing berries covered in a wax coating. \IAlso called\i \Iwax myrtle.\i \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbay\x (2)\j + \J\Xberry\x\j\c
<hw>bay laurel</hw> \Isee\i \J\Xbay\x (2) 1.\j\Knew as hwd Aug 94\k
<hw>bay leaf</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBotFood\i the aromatic (usu. dried) leaf of the bay tree, used in cooking.
<hw>bayonet</hw> \K/"beI\F'\nnIt/\k \In. & v.\i \IMil\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a stabbing blade attachable to the muzzle of a rifle.\p\B2\b an electrical or other fitting engaged by being pushed into a socket and twisted. \Iv.tr.\i \B(bayoneted,\b \Bbayoneting)\b stab with a bayonet. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iba∩onnette,\i perhaps from \IBayonne\i in SW France, where they were first made\c
<hw>bayou</hw> \K/"bVIu:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeog\i a marshy offshoot of a river etc. in the southern US. \BEtymology:\b \3Louisiana French, from Choctaw \Ibayuk\i\c
<hw>bay rum</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IHairdressing\i a perfume, esp. for the hair, distilled originally from bayberry leaves in rum.
<hw>bay tree</hw> \Isee\i \J\Xbay\x (2) 1.\j\Knew as hwd Aug 94\k
<hw>bay window</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IArchit Building\i a window built into a bay.
<hw>bazaar</hw> \K/b\F'\n"zA:/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i\p\B1\b a market in an oriental country.\p\B2\b a fund-raising sale of goods, esp. for charity.\p\B3\b a large shop selling fancy goods etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Persian \Ibazar,\i probably through Turkish and Italian\c
<hw>bazooka</hw> \K/b\F'\n"zu:k\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMil\i a tubular short-range rocket launcher used against tanks.\p\B2\b \IMus\i a crude trombone-like musical instrument. \BEtymology:\b \3apparently from \Ibazoo\i 'mouth', of unknown origin\c
<hw>BBC</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IBroadcasting\i British Broadcasting Corporation.
<hw>BBC English</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ILinguistics\i English as supposedly pronounced by BBC announcers.
<hw>BBFC</hw> \Iabbr.\i \ICinematog\i British Board of Film Classification (formerly \IBritish Board of Film Censors).\i\Knew in COD9 f. corpus\k
<hw>bbl.</hw> \Iabbr.\i barrels (esp. of oil).
<hw>BBQ</hw> \Iabbr.\i \ICookery\i barbecue.\Knew f. corpus Aug 94\k
<hw>BBSRC</hw> \Iabbr.\i (in the UK) Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council.\Knew f. EORD Dec 94\k
<schw>bc</schw> \Iabbr.\i \IHorol\i (of a date) before Christ.
<hw>BC</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IGeog\i British Columbia.
<hw>BCD</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IComputing\i a code representing decimal numbers as a string of binary digits. \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation of \Ib\iinary \Ic\ioded \Id\iecimal\c
<schw>bce</schw> \Iabbr.\i \IHorol\i before the Common Era.
<hw>B-cell</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhysiol.\i = \J\XB-lymphocyte\x.\j\Knew f. OERD Aug 94\k
<hw>BCG</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IMed\i Bacillus Calmette-GuΘrin, an anti-tuberculosis vaccine.
<hw>BD</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IRelig\i Bachelor of Divinity.
<hw>Bde</hw> \Iabbr.\i Brigade.
<hw>bdellium</hw> \K/"dElI\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b any of various trees, esp. of the genus \ICommiphora,\i yielding resin.\p\B2\b this fragrant resin used in perfumes. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin via Greek \Ibdellion\i from Hebrew \Ibedholah\i\c
<hw>Bdr.</hw> \Iabbr.\i \BBrit.\b \IMil\i (before a name) Bombardier.
<hw>BDS</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IMed Dentistry\i Bachelor of Dental Surgery.
<hw>BE</hw> \Iabbr.\i\p\B1\b \IEducation\i Bachelor of Education.\p\B2\b \IEngin\i Bachelor of Engineering.\p\B3\b \ICommerce\i bill of exchange.
<hw>Be</hw> \Isymb.\i \IChem.\i the element beryllium.
<hw>be</hw> \K/bi:/\k \Iv. & v.aux.\i \I(sing. present\i \Bam\b \K/am/, /\F'\nm/\k; \Bare\b \K/A:/, /\F'\n/\k; \Bis\b \K/Iz/\k; \Ipl. present\i \Bare;\b \I1st and 3rd sing. past\i \Bwas\b \K/wQz/, /w\F'\nz/\k; \I2nd sing. past and pl. past\i \Bwere\b \K/w\F'\n:/, /w\F'\n/\k; \Ipresent subjunctive\i \Bbe;\b \Ipast subjunctive\i \Bwere;\b \Ipres. part.\i \Bbeing;\b \Ipast part.\i \Bbeen\b \K/bi:n/, /bIn/\k) \Iv.intr.\i\p\B1\b \I(often prec. by \Bthere)\b\i exist; live \3(I think, therefore I am;\c \2there once was a man;\c \2there is a house on the corner;\c \2there was no doubt).\c\p\B2\b \Ba\b occur; take place \3(dinner is at eight).\c \Bb\b occupy a position in space \3(he is in the garden;\c \2have you been to Paris?).\c\p\B3\b remain, continue \3(let it be).\c\p\B4\b linking subject and predicate, expressing: \Ba\b identity \3(she is the person;\c \2today is Thursday).\c \Bb\b condition \3(he is ill today).\c \Bc\b state or quality \3(he is very kind;\c \2they are my friends).\c \Bd\b opinion \3(I am against hanging).\c \Be\b total \3(two and two are four).\c \Bf\b cost or significance \3(it is ú5 to enter;\c \2it is nothing to me).\c \Iv.aux.\i\p\B1\b with a past participle to form the passive mood \3(it was done;\c \2it is said;\c \2we shall be helped).\c\p\B2\b with a present participle to form continuous tenses \3(we are coming;\c \2it is being cleaned).\c\p\B3\b with an infinitive to express duty or commitment, intention, possibility, destiny, or hypothesis \3(I am to tell you;\c \2we are to wait here;\c \2he is to come at four;\c \2it was not to be found;\c \2they were never to meet again;\c \2if I were to die).\c\p\B4\b \Iarchaic\i with the past participle of intransitive verbs to form perfect tenses \3(the sun is set;\c \2Babylon is fallen).\c\p\Bbe about\b occupy oneself with \3(is about his business).\c\p\Bbe at\b occupy oneself with \3(what is he at?;\c \2mice have been at the food).\c\p\1been (or been and gone) and\c \Islang\i an expression of protest or surprise \3(he's been and taken my car!).\c\p\Bbe off\b \Icolloq.\i go away; leave.\p\1be that as it may\c \Isee\i \J\Xmay\x.\j\p\1-to-be\c of the future \I(in \Bcomb.:\b\i \2bride-to-be).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibeo(m),\i \I(e)am,\i \Iis,\i \I(e)aron;\i past tense from Old English \Iwµs\i from \Iwesan\i 'to be'; there are numerous Germanic cognates\c
<hw>be-</hw> \K/bI/\k \Iprefix\i forming verbs:\p\B1\b (from transitive verbs) \Ba\b all over; all round \3(beset;\c \2besmear).\c \Bb\b thoroughly, excessively \3(begrudge;\c \2belabour).\c\p\B2\b (from intransitive verbs) expressing transitive action \3(bemoan;\c \2bestride).\c\p\B3\b (from adjectives and nouns) expressing transitive action \3(befool;\c \2befoul).\c\p\B4\b (from nouns) \Ba\b affect with \3(befog).\c \Bb\b treat as \3(befriend).\c \Bc\b \I(forming adjectives in \B-ed)\b\i having; covered with \3(bejewelled;\c \2bespectacled).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibe-,\i weak form of \Ibi\i \J\Xby\x,\j as in \Ibygone,\i \Ibyword,\i etc.\c
<hw>BEA</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IMed\i British Epilepsy Association.
<hw>beach</hw> \K/bi:tS/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\INaut\i a pebbly or sandy shore esp. of the sea between high and low water marks. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \INaut\i run or haul up (a boat etc.) on to a beach.\p\B2\b (as \Bbeached\b \Iadj.)\i (of a whale etc.) stranded out of the water.\Ksense 2 new in COD9 f. COD box, corpus Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \316th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>beach ball</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IGames\i a large inflated ball for games on the beach.
<hw>beach buggy</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ITransport\i a low wide-wheeled motor vehicle for recreational driving on sand.
<hw>beachcomber</hw> \K/"bi:tSk\F'\nUm\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a vagrant who lives by searching beaches for articles of value.\p\B2\b \INaut\i a long wave rolling in from the sea.
<hw>beachfront</hw> \K/"bi:tSfrVnt/\k\p\In.\i\p\Besp. N. Amer.\b = \J\Xseafront\x.\j\Knew f. corpus, SOED Oct 93\k
<hw>beachhead</hw> \K/"bi:tShEd/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMil.\i a fortified position established on a beach by landing forces. \BEtymology:\b \3on the pattern of \Ibridgehead\i\c
<hw>Beach-la-mar</hw> \K/bi:tSl\F'\n"mA:/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ILinguistics\i an English-based Creole language spoken in the W. Pacific. \BEtymology:\b \3corruption from Portuguese \Ibicho do mar\i \J\XbΩche-de-mer\x\j 'sea cucumber' (traded as a commodity: the word then applied to the language of trade)\c
<hw>beach plum</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b a maritime N. American shrub, Prunus maritima.\p\B2\b its edible fruit.
<hw>beachside</hw> \K/"bi:tSsVId/\k \Iattrib.adj.\i next to the beach \3(beachside tavernas).\c\Knew f. corpus Sept 94\k
<hw>beachwear</hw> \K/"bi:tSwE:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IClothing\i clothing suitable for wearing on the beach.\Knew word in COD9 f. corpus Aug 93\k
<hw>beacon</hw> \K/"bi:k(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a fire or light set up in a high or prominent position as a warning etc. \Bb\b \BBrit.\b \IGeog\i (now often in place names) a hill suitable for this.\p\B2\b a visible warning or guiding point or device (e.g. a lighthouse, navigation buoy, etc.).\p\B3\b \IRadio Naut Aeron\i a radio transmitter whose signal helps fix the position of a ship or aircraft.\p\B4\b \BBrit.\b \IMotoring\i = \J\XBelisha beacon\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibeacn,\i from West Germanic\c
<hw>bead</hw> \K/bi:d/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \IJewellery Needlework\i a small usu. rounded and perforated piece of glass, stone, etc., for threading with others to make jewellery, or sewing on to fabric, etc. \Bb\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \IRelig\i a string of beads; a rosary.\p\B2\b a drop of liquid; a bubble.\p\B3\b \IBallistics\i a small knob in the foresight of a gun.\p\B4\b \IMech\i the inner edge of a pneumatic tyre that grips the rim of the wheel.\p\B5\b \IArchit.\i \Ba\b a moulding like a series of beads. \Bb\b a narrow moulding with a semicircular cross-section.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i furnish or decorate with beads.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i string together.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i form or grow into beads.\p\1draw a bead on\c take aim at.\p\1tell one's beads\c \IRelig\i use the beads of a rosary etc. in counting prayers. \Bbeaded\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3originally = 'prayer' (for which the earliest use of beads arose): Old English \Igebed\i from Germanic, related to \J\Xbid\x\j\c
<hw>beading</hw> \K/"bi:dIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \INeedlework\i decoration in the form of or resembling a row of beads, esp. lacelike looped edging.\p\B2\b \IArchit.\i a bead-moulding.\p\B3\b the bead of a tyre.
<hw>beadle</hw> \K/"bi:d(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b a ceremonial officer of a church, college, etc.\p\B2\b \BSc.\b a church officer attending on the minister.\p\B3\b \BBrit.\b \Ihist.\i a minor parish officer dealing with petty offenders etc. \Bbeadleship\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibydel\i and Old French \Ibedel,\i ultimately from Germanic\c
<hw>beadsman</hw> \K/"bi:dzm\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-men)\b \IRelig\i \Ihist.\i\p\B1\b a pensioner provided for by a benefactor in return for prayers.\p\B2\b \ISociol\i an inmate of an almshouse.
<hw>beadwork</hw> \K/"bi:dw\F'\n:k/\k\p\In.\i\pdecorative work in beads.\Knew f. corpus Sept 94\k
<hw>beady</hw> \K/"bi:di/\k \Iadj.\i \B(beadier,\b \Bbeadiest)\b\p\B1\b (of the eyes) small, round, and bright.\p\B2\b covered with beads or drops. \Bbeadily\b \Iadv.\i \Bbeadiness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>beady-eyed</hw> \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b having beady eyes.\p\B2\b observant.\Kto match POD8 aaw Aug 92\k
<hw>beagle</hw> \K/"bi:g(\F'\n)l/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool Hunting\i \Ba\b a small hound of a breed with a short coat, used for hunting hares. \Bb\b this breed.\p\B2\b \ICriminol\i \Ihist.\i an informer or spy; a constable. \Iv.intr.\i (often as \Bbeagling\b \In.)\i \IHunting\i hunt with beagles. \Bbeagler\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ibeegueule\i 'noisy person', probably from \Ibeer\i 'open wide' + \Igueule\i 'throat'\c
<hw>beak (1)</hw> \K/bi:k/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IAnat\i \Ba\b a bird's horny projecting jaws; a bill. \Bb\b the similar projecting jaw of other animals, e.g. a turtle.\p\B2\b \IAnat\i \Islang\i a hooked nose.\p\B3\b \INaut.\i \Ihist.\i the projection at the prow of a warship.\p\B4\b a spout. \Bbeaked\b \Iadj.\i \Bbeaky\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ibec\i from Latin \Ibeccus,\i of Celtic origin\c
<hw>beak (2)</hw> \K/bi:k/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \Islang\i\p\B1\b \ILaw\i a magistrate.\p\B2\b \IEducation\i a schoolmaster. \BEtymology:\b \319th c.: probably from criminals' slang\c
<hw>beaker</hw> \K/"bi:k\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b a tall drinking vessel, usu. of plastic and tumbler-shaped.\p\B2\b a lipped cylindrical glass vessel for scientific experiments.\p\B3\b \Iarchaic\i or \Iliterary\i a large drinking vessel with a wide mouth. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old Norse \Ibikarr,\i perhaps from Greek \Ibikos\i 'drinking bowl'\c
<hw>Beaker Folk</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IArchaeol.\i a people thought to have come to Britain from central Europe in the early Bronze Age, named after beaker-shaped pottery found in their graves.
<hw>be-all and end-all</hw>\p\In.\i\p\I(often foll. by \Bof)\b\i \Icolloq.\i the whole being or essence.
<hw>beam</hw> \K/bi:m/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBuilding\i a long sturdy piece of squared timber or metal spanning an opening or room, usu. to support the structure above.\p\B2\b \IPhysics\i \Ba\b a ray or shaft of light. \Bb\b a directional flow of particles or radiation.\p\B3\b a bright look or smile.\p\B4\b \IPhysics Naut Aeron\i \Ba\b a series of radio or radar signals as a guide to a ship or aircraft. \Bb\b the course indicated by this \3(off beam).\c\p\B5\b \IMech\i the crossbar of a balance.\p\B6\b \Ba\b \INaut\i a ship's breadth at its widest point. \Bb\b the width of a person's hips \3(esp. broad in the beam).\c\p\B7\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \INaut\i the horizontal cross-timbers of a ship supporting the deck and joining the sides.\p\B8\b \INaut\i the side of a ship \3(land on the port beam).\c\p\B9\b \IAgriculture\i the chief timber of a plough.\p\B10\b the cylinder in a loom on which the warp or cloth is wound.\p\B11\b \IZool\i the main stem of a stag's antlers.\p\B12\b \IMech\i the lever in an engine connecting the piston rod and crank.\p\B13\b the shank of an anchor.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \IPhysics\i \Itr.\i emit or direct (light, radio waves, etc.).\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \Ba\b shine. \Bb\b look or smile radiantly.\p\B3\b \I(often foll. by \Bup,\b \Bdown)\b\i (in science fiction) \Ba\b \Iintr.\i travel from one point to another along an invisible beam of energy. \Bb\b \Itr.\i transport in this way.\Ksense 3 new f. OERD, NEWS, May 94\k\p\1a beam in one's eye\c a fault that is greater in oneself than in the person one is finding fault with (see Matt. 7:3).\p\1off (or off the) beam\c \Icolloq.\i mistaken.\Kvar. off the beam new in COD9 f. POD, NSOED Aug 93\k\p\1on the beam\c \Icolloq.\i on the right track.\p\1on the beam-ends\c \INaut\i (of a ship) on its side; almost capsizing.\p\1on one's beam-ends\c near the end of one's resources. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibeam\i 'tree', from West Germanic\c
<hw>beam-compass</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bbeam-compasses\b \Ipl.)\i \IGeom\i compasses with a beam connecting sliding sockets, used for large circles.
<hw>beamer</hw> \K/"bi:m\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICricket\i \Icolloq.\i a ball bowled at a batsman's head.
<hw>beamy</hw> \K/"bi:mi/\k \Iadj.\i \INaut\i (of a ship) broad-beamed.
<hw>bean</hw> \K/bi:n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBot\i \Ba\b any kind of leguminous plant with edible usu. kidney-shaped seeds in long pods. \Bb\b one of these seeds.\p\B2\b \IBot\i a similar seed of coffee and other plants.\p\B3\b \Islang\i the head, esp. as a source of common sense.\p\B4\b \I(in \Bpl.;\b\i \Iwith \Bneg.)\b\i \BUS\b \Islang\i anything at all \3(doesn't know beans about it).\c \Iv.tr.\i \Besp. N. Amer.\b \Islang\i hit on the head.\p\1full of beans\c \Icolloq.\i lively; in high spirits.\p\1not a bean\c \BBrit.\b \Islang\i no money.\p\1old bean\c \BBrit.\b \Islang\i a friendly form of address, usu. to a man. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibean,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>beanbag</hw> \K/"bi:nbag/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a small bag filled with dried beans and used esp. in children's games.\p\B2\b a large cushion filled usu. with polystyrene beads and used as a seat.
<hw>bean-counter</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Borig. US\b \Icolloq.\i \Iderog.\i\p\B1\b \ICommerce\i an accountant (esp. one who is obsessed with returns on investments).\p\B2\b a penny-pincher.\Knew in COD9 f. NEWS Feb 94\k
<hw>bean curd</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IFood\i jelly or paste made from beans, used esp. in Asian cookery.
<hw>beanery</hw> \K/"bi:n\F'\nri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IFood\i \BN. Amer.\b \Islang\i a cheap restaurant.
<hw>beanfeast</hw> \K/"bi:nfi:st/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i a celebration, originally an annual dinner with colleagues; any festive occasion or merry time. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbean\x\j + \J\Xfeast\x,\j beans and bacon being regarded as an indispensable dish\c
<hw>bean goose</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a grey goose, Anser fabalis, breeding in the Arctic.\Knew f.NSOED Apr 94\k
<hw>beanie</hw> \K/"bi:ni/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFashion\i a small close-fitting hat worn on the back of the head. \BEtymology:\b \3perhaps from \J\Xbean\x\j 'head' + \J\X-ie\x\j\c
<hw>beano</hw> \K/"bi:n\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b \BBrit.\b \Islang\i a celebration; a party. \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation of \J\Xbeanfeast\x\j\c
<hw>beanpole</hw> \K/"bi:np\F'\nUl/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IHort\i a stick for supporting bean plants.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i a tall thin person.
<hw>bean sprout</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IFood\i a sprout of a bean seed, esp. of the mung bean, used as food.
<hw>beanstalk</hw> \K/"bi:nstO:k/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i the stem of a bean plant.
<hw>bear (1)</hw> \K/bE:/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\I(past\i \Bbore\b \K/bO:/\k; \Ipast part.\i \Bborne,\b \Bborn\b \K/bO:n/\k)\p\B1\b \Itr.\i carry, bring, or take (esp. visibly) \3(bear gifts).\c\p\B2\b \Itr.\i show; be marked by; have as an attribute or characteristic \3(bear marks of violence;\c \2bears no relation to the case;\c \2bore no name).\c\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \IBiol\i \Ba\b produce, yield (fruit etc.). \Bb\b give birth to \3(has borne a son;\c \2was born last week).\c\p\B4\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b sustain (a weight, responsibility, cost, etc.). \Bb\b stand, endure (an ordeal, difficulty, etc.).\p\B5\b \Itr.\i \I(usu. with \Bneg.\b or \Binterrog.)\b\i \Ba\b tolerate; put up with \3(can't bear him;\c \2how can you bear it?).\c \Bb\b admit of; be fit for \3(does not bear thinking about).\c\p\B6\b \Itr.\i carry in thought or memory \3(bear a grudge).\c\p\B7\b \Iintr.\i veer in a given direction \3(bear left).\c\p\B8\b \Itr.\i bring or provide (something needed) \3(bear him company).\c\p\B9\b \Irefl.\i behave (in a certain way).\p\1bear arms\c\p\B1\b \IMil\i carry weapons; serve as a soldier.\p\B2\b \IHeraldry\i wear or display heraldic devices.\p\Bbear away\b (or \Boff)\b win (a prize etc.).\p\Bbear down\b exert downward pressure.\p\Bbear down on\b approach rapidly or purposefully.\p\1bear fruit\c have results.\p\1bear a hand\c help.\p\1bear hard on\c oppress.\p\1bear in mind\c take into account having remembered.\p\Bbear on\b (or \Bupon)\b be relevant to.\p\Bbear out\b support or confirm (an account or the person giving it).\p\1bear repeating\c be worth repetition.\p\Bbear up\b raise one's spirits; not despair.\p\Bbear with\b treat forbearingly; tolerate patiently.\p\Bbear witness\b testify. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iberan,\i from Germanic\c Note the difference between \Iborne\i and \Iborn.\i \IBorne\i is the standard past participle of \Ibear\i and is used in all senses above except one, e.g. \Ithe ship that had borne me across the sea;\i \Ithe worried look she has borne since his departure;\i \Ithe findings have been borne out.\i \IBorn\i is used only in the passive with reference to birth, e.g. \Iwas born in July,\i and then not if followed by \Iby\i and the name of the mother (e.g. \Iwas borne by Sarah).\i Compare \Ia son was born to Sarah\i which is also correct. Although \Iborn\i is used only in one sense, this sense is so common that \Iborn\i is a more common English word than \Iborne,\i which probably adds to the confusion.
<hw>bear (2)</hw> \K/bE:/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool\i any large heavy mammal of the family Ursidae, having thick fur and walking on its soles.\p\B2\b a rough, unmannerly, or uncouth person.\p\B3\b \IStock Exch.\i a person who sells shares hoping to buy them back later at a lower price.\p\B4\b = \J\Xteddy\x 1.\j\p\B5\b \B(the Bear)\b \Icolloq.\i Russia.\p\B6\b \Besp. US\b \ICriminol.\i \Islang\i \Ba\b a police officer. \Bb\b \I(prec. by \Bthe)\b\i the police.\Ksense 6 new in COD9 f. NSOED, RL Aug 93\k\p\Iv.\i\p\IStock Exch.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i speculate for a fall in price.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i produce a fall in the price of (stocks etc.).\p\1like a bear with a sore head\c \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i very irritable. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibera,\i from West Germanic\c
<hw>bearable</hw> \K/"bE:r\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i that may be endured or tolerated. \Bbearability\b \K/-"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bbearableness\b\p\In.\i\p\Bbearably\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>bear-baiting</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Ihist.\i an entertainment involving setting dogs to attack a captive bear.
<hw>bearberry</hw> \K/"bE:b(\F'\n)ri/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i an evergreen ericaceous plant of the genus \IArctostaphylos,\i esp. A. uva-ursi, a trailing moorland plant with pinkish flowers and bright red berries.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k
<hw>beard</hw> \K/bI\F'\nd/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IAnat Hairdressing\i hair growing on the chin and lower cheeks of the face.\p\B2\b \IZool\i a tuft of hair or similar growth or marking on the face or chin of an animal (e.g. a goat).\p\B3\b \IBot\i the awn of a grass, sheath of barley, etc. \Iv.tr.\i oppose openly; defy. \Bbearded\b \Iadj.\i \Bbeardless\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English, from West Germanic\c
<hw>bearded tit</hw>\p\In.\i\pa small Eurasian passerine bird, Panurus biarmicus, which frequents reed-beds.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k
<hw>beardie</hw> \K/"bI\F'\ndi/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i a bearded man.
<hw>bearer</hw> \K/"bE:r\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person or thing that bears, carries, or brings.\p\B2\b a carrier of equipment on an expedition etc.\p\B3\b a person who presents a cheque or other order to pay money.\p\B4\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i \ICommerce\i payable to the possessor \3(bearer stock).\c\p\B5\b \Ihist.\i (in India etc.) a personal servant.
<hw>beargarden</hw> \K/"bE:gA:d(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\pa rowdy or noisy scene.
<hw>bear-hug</hw>\p\In.\i\pa tight embrace.
<hw>bearing</hw> \K/"bE:rIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person's bodily attitude or outward behaviour.\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bon,\b \Bupon)\b\i relation or relevance to \3(his comments have no bearing on the subject).\c\p\B3\b endurability \3(beyond bearing).\c\p\B4\b \IMech\i a part of a machine that supports a rotating or other moving part.\p\B5\b direction or position relative to a fixed point, measured esp. in degrees.\p\B6\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \Ba\b one's position relative to one's surroundings. \Bb\b awareness of this; a sense of one's orientation \3(get one's bearings;\c \2lose one's bearings).\c\p\B7\b \IHeraldry\i a device or charge.\p\B8\b \IMech\i = \J\Xball-bearing\x.\j
<hw>bearing-rein</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IRiding\i a fixed rein from bit to saddle that forces a horse to arch its neck.
<hw>bearish</hw> \K/"bE:rIS/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b like a bear, esp. in temper.\p\B2\b \IStock Exch.\i causing or associated with a fall in prices.
<hw>bear market</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IStock Exch.\i a market with falling prices.
<hw>BΘarnaise sauce</hw> \K/beI\F'\n"neIz/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i a rich sauce thickened with egg yolks and flavoured with tarragon. \BEtymology:\b \3French, fem. of \IbΘarnais\i 'of \IBΘarn\i' (in SW France)\c
<hw>bearpit</hw> \K/"bE:pIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a sunken enclosure in which bears are kept in a zoo etc.\Knew f. corpus, SOED, Sept 94\k\p\B2\b a scene or place of rowdy disorder.\K2 new f. corpus Nov 94\k
<hw>bear's breech</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i an acanthus, esp. the Mediterranean Acanthus mollis.
<hw>bear's foot</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a hellebore, Helleborus fetidus.
<hw>bearskin</hw> \K/"bE:skIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the skin of a bear. \Bb\b \IClothing\i a wrap etc. made of this.\p\B2\b \IMil Clothing\i a tall furry hat worn ceremonially by some regiments.
<hw>beast</hw> \K/bi:st/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool\i an animal other than a human being, esp. a wild quadruped.\p\B2\b \Ba\b a brutal person. \Bb\b \Icolloq.\i an objectionable or unpleasant person or thing \3(he's a beast for not inviting her;\c \2a beast of a problem).\c\p\B3\b \I(prec. by \Bthe)\b\i a human being's brutish or uncivilized characteristics \3(saw the beast in him).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ibeste\i and Romanic \Ibesta\i from Latin \Ibestia\i\c
<hw>beastie</hw> \K/"bi:sti/\k\p\In.\i\p\BSc.\b or \Ijoc.\i a small animal.
<hw>beast of burden</hw>\p\In.\i\pan animal, e.g. a mule, used for carrying loads.
<hw>beast of prey</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i an animal which hunts animals for food.
<hw>beat</hw> \K/bi:t/\k \Iv., n., & adj.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\I(past\i \Bbeat;\b \Ipast part.\i \Bbeaten\b \K/"bi:t(\F'\n)n/\k)\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b strike (a person or animal) persistently or repeatedly, esp. to harm or punish. \Bb\b strike (a thing) repeatedly, e.g. to remove dust from (a carpet etc.), to sound (a drum etc.).\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bagainst,\b \Bat,\b \Bon,\b etc.)\i \Ba\b pound or knock repeatedly \3(waves beat against the shore;\c \2beat at the door).\c \Bb\b = \Ibeat down\i 3.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b overcome; surpass; win a victory over. \Bb\b complete an activity before (another person etc.). \Bc\b be too hard for; perplex.\p\B4\b \Itr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bup)\b\i \ICookery etc.\i stir (eggs etc.) vigorously into a frothy mixture.\p\B5\b \Itr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bout)\b\i \IMetallurgy\i fashion or shape (metal etc.) by blows.\p\B6\b \Iintr.\i (of the heart, a drum, etc.) pulsate rhythmically.\p\B7\b \Itr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bout)\b\i \Ba\b indicate (a tempo or rhythm) by gestures, tapping, etc. \Bb\b sound (a signal etc.) by striking a drum or other means \3(beat a tattoo).\c\p\B8\b \Ba\b \Iintr.\i \IZool\i (of a bird's wings) move up and down. \Bb\b \Itr.\i cause (wings) to move in this way.\p\B9\b \Itr.\i make (a path etc.) by trampling.\p\B10\b \Itr.\i \IHunting\i strike (bushes etc.) to rouse game.\p\B11\b \Iintr.\i \INaut.\i sail in the direction from which the wind is blowing.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \IMus Prosody\i a main accent or rhythmic unit in music or verse \3(three beats to the bar;\c \2missed a beat and came in early).\c \Bb\b \IMus\i the indication of rhythm by a conductor's movements \3(watch the beat).\c \Bc\b \IMus\i (in popular music) a strong rhythm. \Bd\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i characterized by a strong rhythm \3(beat music).\c\p\B2\b \Ba\b a stroke or blow (e.g. on a drum). \Bb\b a measured sequence of strokes \3(the beat of the waves on the rocks).\c \Bc\b a throbbing movement or sound \3(the beat of his heart).\c\p\B3\b \Ba\b \ICriminol. etc.\i a route or area allocated to a police officer etc. \Bb\b a person's habitual round.\p\B4\b \IPhysics\i a pulsation due to the combination of two sounds or electric currents of similar but not equivalent frequencies.\p\B5\b \Icolloq.\i = \J\Xbeatnik\x.\j \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \I\B(predic.)\b\i \Islang\i exhausted, tired out.\p\B2\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i \ISociol\i of the beat generation or its philosophy.\p\Bbeat about\b \I(often foll. by \Bfor)\b\i search (for an excuse etc.).\p\1beat about (or \BUS\b around) the bush\c discuss a matter without coming to the point.\p\1beat the bounds\c \BBrit.\b mark parish boundaries by striking certain points with rods.\p\1beat one's breast\c strike one's chest in anguish or sorrow.\p\1beat the clock\c complete a task within a stated time.\p\Bbeat down\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b bargain with (a seller) to lower the price. \Bb\b cause a seller to lower (the price).\p\B2\b strike (a resisting object) until it falls \3(beat the door down).\c\p\B3\b (of the sun, rain, etc.) radiate heat or fall continuously and vigorously.\p\1beat the drum for\c publicize, promote.\p\1beaten at the post\c defeated at the last moment.\p\Bbeat in\b crush.\p\1beat it\c \Islang\i go away.\p\Bbeat off\b drive back (an attack etc.).\p\1beat a retreat\c withdraw; abandon an undertaking.\p\1beat time\c \IMus\i indicate or follow a musical tempo with a baton or other means.\p\1beat a person to it\c arrive or achieve something before another person.\p\Bbeat up\b give a beating to, esp. with punches and kicks.\p\1it beats me\c I do not understand (it). \Bbeatable\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibeatan,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>beaten</hw> \K/"bi:t(\F'\n)n/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b outwitted; defeated.\p\B2\b exhausted; dejected.\p\B3\b \IMetallurgy\i (of gold or any other metal) shaped by a hammer.\p\B4\b (of a path etc.) well-trodden, much used.\p\1off the beaten track\c\p\B1\b in or into an isolated place.\p\B2\b unusual. \BEtymology:\b \3past part. of \J\Xbeat\x\j\c
<hw>beater</hw> \K/"bi:t\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ICookery etc.\i an implement used for beating (esp. a carpet or eggs).\p\B2\b \IHunting\i a person employed to rouse game for shooting.\p\B3\b \IMetallurgy\i a person who beats metal.\p\B4\b \BN. Amer.\b \IMotoring\i \Icolloq.\i an old or dilapidated vehicle.\Knew f. Canadian COD Oct 94\k
<hw>beat generation</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ISociol\i the members of a movement of young people esp. in the 1950s who rejected conventional society in their dress, habits, and beliefs.
<hw>beatific</hw> \K/bi:\F'\n"tIfIk/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \Icolloq.\i blissful \3(a beatific smile).\c\p\B2\b \Ba\b of or relating to blessedness. \Bb\b making blessed. \Bbeatifically\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \IbΘatifique\i or Latin \Ibeatificus,\i from \Ibeatus\i 'blessed'\c
<hw>beatification</hw> \K/bI%atIfI"keIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i\p\B1\b \IRC Ch.\i the act of formally declaring a dead person 'blessed', often a step towards canonization.\p\B2\b making or being blessed. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IbΘatification\i or ecclesiastical Latin \Ibeatificatio\i (as \J\Xbeatify\x)\j\c
<hw>beatify</hw> \K/bI"atIfVI/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(-ies,\b \B-ied)\b\p\B1\b \IRC Ch.\i announce the beatification of.\p\B2\b make happy. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IbΘatifier\i or ecclesiastical Latin \Ibeatificare,\i from Latin \Ibeatus\i 'blessed'\c
<hw>beating</hw> \K/"bi:tIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a physical punishment or assault.\p\B2\b a defeat.\p\1take some (or a lot of) beating\c be difficult to surpass.
<hw>beatitude</hw> \K/bI"atItju:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i\p\B1\b blessedness.\p\B2\b (also \BBeatitude)\b a declaration of blessedness, a blessing, esp. \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i those made by Jesus (Matt. 5:3-11).\p\B3\b a title given to patriarchs in the Orthodox Church. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IbΘatitude\i or Latin \Ibeatitudo,\i from \Ibeatus\i 'blessed'\c
<hw>beatnik</hw> \K/"bi:tnIk/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISociol\i a member of the beat generation. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbeat\x\j + \I-nik\i on the pattern of \Isputnik,\i perhaps influenced by US use of Yiddish \I-nik\i agent-suffix\c
<hw>beat-up</hw> \Iadj.\i \Icolloq.\i dilapidated; in a state of disrepair.
<hw>beau</hw> \K/b\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bbeaux\b or \Bbeaus\b \K/b\F'\nUz/, /b\F'\nU/\k)\p\B1\b \Besp. US\b an admirer; a boyfriend.\p\B2\b a fop; a dandy. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = handsome, from Latin \Ibellus\i\c
<hw>Beaufort scale</hw> \K/"b\F'\nUf\F'\nt skeIl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMeteorol\i a scale of wind speed ranging from 0 (calm) to 12 (hurricane). See also Appendix XI. \BEtymology:\b \3Sir F. \IBeaufort,\i English admiral (d. 1857) who devised it\c
\B\Ibeau geste\b\i \K/b\F'\nU "ZEst/, French /bo ZEst/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B\Ibeaux gestes\b\i \Ipronunc.\i same) a generous or gracious act. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = splendid gesture\c
<hw>beau idΘal</hw> \K/b\F'\nU i:deI"al/\k\p\In.\i\pthe highest type of excellence or beauty. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ibeau idΘal\i = ideal beauty: see \J\Xbeau\x,\j \J\Xideal\x\j\c
<hw>Beaujolais</hw> \K/"b\F'\nUZ\F'\nleI/\k\p\In.\i\p\IDrink\i a red or white burgundy wine from the Beaujolais district of France.
<hw>Beaujolais Nouveau</hw> \K/%b\F'\nUZ\F'\nleI nu:"v\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\IDrink\i Beaujolais wine sold in the first year of a vintage.\Knew word in COD9 f. OMED, NSOED Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\XBeaujolais\x\j + French \Inouveau\i 'new'\c
<hw>beaut</hw> \K/bju:t/\k \In. & adj.\i \BAustral.\b & \BNZ\b \Islang\i\p\In.\i\p\B(also US)\b an excellent or beautiful person or thing. \Iadj.\i excellent; beautiful. \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation of \J\Xbeauty\x\j\c
<hw>beauteous</hw> \K/"bju:tI\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i \Ipoet.\i beautiful. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from \J\Xbeauty\x\j + \J\X-ous\x,\j on the pattern of \Ibounteous,\i \Iplenteous\i\c
<hw>beautician</hw> \K/bju:"tIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person who gives beauty treatment.\p\B2\b a person who runs or owns a beauty salon.
<hw>beauty</hw> \K/"bju:ti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b a combination of qualities such as shape, colour, etc., that pleases the aesthetic senses, esp. the sight. \Bb\b a combination of qualities that pleases the intellect or moral sense \3(the beauty of the argument).\c\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i \Ba\b an excellent specimen \3(what a beauty!).\c \Bb\b an attractive feature; an advantage \3(that's the beauty of it!).\c\p\B3\b a beautiful woman.\p\1beauty is only skin-deep\c a pleasing appearance is not a guide to character. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Anglo-French \IbeutΘ,\i Old French \IbealtΘ,\i \IbeautΘ,\i ultimately from Latin (as \J\Xbeau\x)\j\c
<hw>beauty parlour</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bbeauty salon)\b \IFashion\i an establishment in which manicure, hairdressing, make-up, etc., are offered to women.
<hw>beauty queen</hw>\p\In.\i\pthe woman judged most beautiful in a competition.
<hw>beauty sleep</hw>\p\In.\i\psleep before midnight, supposed to be health-giving.
<hw>beauty spot</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a place known for its beauty.\p\B2\b \IFashion\i a small natural or artificial mark such as a mole on the face, considered to enhance another feature.
<hw>beauty treatment</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IFashion\i cosmetic treatment received in a beauty parlour.
<hw>beaux</hw> \I\Ipl.\i of\i \J\Xbeau\x.\j
\B\Ibeaux arts\b\i \K/b\F'\nU"zA:/, French /bozar/\k \In.pl.\i \IArt\i\p\B1\b fine arts.\p\B2\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i relating to the rules and conventions of the ╔cole des Beaux-Arts in Paris (later called AcadΘmie des Beaux Arts). \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ibeaux-arts\i\c
<hw>beaver (1)</hw> \K/"bi:v\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i same or \Bbeavers)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b \IZool\i any large amphibious broad-tailed rodent of the genus \ICastor,\i native to N. America, Europe, and Asia, and able to gnaw through tree trunks and make dams. \Bb\b its soft light brown fur. \Bc\b \IFashion\i a hat of this.\p\B2\b (in full \Bbeaver cloth)\b \ITextiles\i a heavy woollen cloth like beaver fur.\p\B3\b \B(Beaver)\b \IScouting\i a boy aged six or seven who is an affiliate member of the Scout Association. \Iv.intr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Baway)\b\i \Icolloq.\i work hard. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibe(o)for,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>beaver (2)</hw> \K/"bi:v\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i \Ihist.\i the lower face-guard of a helmet. \BEtymology:\b \3Old French \Ibaviere\i 'bib' via \Ibaver\i 'slaver' from \Ibeve\i 'saliva', from Romanic\c
<hw>beaverboard</hw> \K/"bi:v\F'\nbO:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBuilding\i a kind of fibreboard.\Knot a UK trademark\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbeaver\x (1)\j + \J\Xboard\x\j\c
<hw>beaver lamb</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ITextiles\i lambskin made to look like beaver fur.
<hw>bebop</hw> \K/"bi:bQp/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMus\i a type of jazz originating in the 1940s and characterized by complex harmony and rhythms. \Bbebopper\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3imitative of the typical rhythm\c
<hw>becalm</hw> \K/bI"kA:m/\k \Iv.tr.\i \I(usu. in \Bpassive)\b\i \INaut\i deprive (a sailing ship) of wind.
<hw>became</hw> \I\Ipast\i of\i \J\Xbecome\x.\j
<hw>because</hw> \K/bI"kQz/\k \Iconj.\i for the reason that; since.\p\1because of\c on account of; by reason of. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from \J\Xby\x \Iprep.\i\j + \J\Xcause\x,\j influenced by Old French \Ipar cause de\i 'by reason of'\c See Usage Note at \J\Xreason\x.\j
<hw>bΘchamel</hw> \K/"beIS\F'\nmEl/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i a kind of thick white sauce. \BEtymology:\b \3invented by the Marquis de \IBΘchamel,\i French courtier d. 1703\c
<hw>bΩche-de-mer</hw> \K/bESd\F'\n"mE:/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i same or \BbΩches-de-mer\b \Ipronunc.\i same)\p\B1\b \IZool Cookery\i a kind of sea cucumber eaten in China usu. in long dried strips.\p\B2\b \ILinguistics\i = \J\XBeach-la-mar\x.\j\Kalien status removed as in NSOED Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3French, alteration of \Ibiche de mer\i from Portuguese \Ibicho do mar,\i literally 'sea-worm'\c
<hw>beck (1)</hw> \K/bEk/\k\p\In.\i\p\BN.Engl.\b \IGeog\i a brook; a mountain stream. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old Norse \Ibekkr\i from Germanic\c
<hw>beck (2)</hw> \K/bEk/\k\p\In.\i\p\Ipoet.\i a gesture requesting attention, e.g. a nod, wave, etc.\p\1at a person's beck and call\c having constantly to obey a person's orders. \BEtymology:\b \3\Ibeck\i \I(v.)\i from \J\Xbeckon\x\j\c
<hw>becket</hw> \K/"bEkIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\INaut.\i a contrivance such as a hook, bracket, or rope-loop, for securing loose ropes, tackle, or spars. \BEtymology:\b \318th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>beckon</hw> \K/"bEk(\F'\n)n/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b attract the attention of; summon by gesture. \Bb\b entice.\K1b new in COD9 f. POD Aug 93\k\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bto)\b\i make a signal to attract a person's attention; summon a person by doing this. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibiecnan,\i \Ibecnan,\i ultimately from West Germanic \Ibaukna\i \J\Xbeacon\x\j\c
<hw>becloud</hw> \K/bI"klaUd/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b obscure \3(becloud the argument).\c\p\B2\b cover with clouds.
<hw>become</hw> \K/bI"kVm/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\I(past\i \Bbecame\b \K/bI"keIm/\k; \Ipast part.\i \Bbecome)\b\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by compl.)\i begin to be \3(became president;\c \2will become famous).\c\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b look well on; suit \3(blue becomes him).\c \Bb\b befit \3(it ill becomes you to complain).\c\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i (as \Bbecoming\b \Iadj.)\i \Ba\b flattering the appearance. \Bb\b suitable; decorous.\p\1become of\c happen to \3(what will become of me?).\c \Bbecomingly\b \Iadj.\i \Bbecomingness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibecuman\i from Germanic (as \J\Xbe-\x,\j \J\Xcome\x)\j\c
<hw>becquerel</hw> \K/"bEk\F'\nrEl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i the SI unit of radioactivity, corresponding to one disintegration per second. \BEtymology:\b \3A. H. \IBecquerel,\i French physicist d. 1908\c
<hw>B.Ed.</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IEducation\i Bachelor of Education.
<hw>bed</hw> \K/bEd/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IFurniture\i \Ba\b a piece of furniture used for sleeping on, usu. a framework with a mattress and coverings. \Bb\b a mattress, with or without coverings.\p\B2\b any place used by a person or animal for sleep or rest; a litter.\p\B3\b \Ba\b \IHort\i a garden plot, esp. one used for planting flowers. \Bb\b a place where other things may be grown \3(osier bed).\c\p\B4\b the use of a bed: \Ba\b on loan or hire; temporarily \3(I need a bed for the night).\c\Ksense 4a new Oct 94\k \Bb\b \BBrit.\b \ISex\i \Icolloq.\i for sexual intercourse \3(only thinks of bed).\c \Bc\b \BBrit.\b for rest \3(needs his bed).\c\p\B5\b something flat, forming a support or base as in: \Ba\b the bottom of the sea or a river. \Bb\b the foundations of a road or railway. \Bc\b the flat surface beneath the baize of a billiard table.\p\B6\b a stratum, such as a layer of oysters etc.\p\Iv.\i\p\B(bedded,\b \Bbedding)\b\p\B1\b \Itr. & intr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bdown)\b\i put or go to bed.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bwith)\b\i \ISex\i \Icolloq.\i have sexual intercourse with.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bout)\b\i \IHort\i plant in a garden bed.\p\B4\b \Itr.\i cover up or fix firmly in something.\p\B5\b \Ba\b \Itr.\i arrange as a layer. \Bb\b \Iintr.\i be or form a layer.\p\1bed of roses\c a life of ease.\p\1brought to bed\c \I(often foll. by \Bof)\b\i \Iarchaic\i delivered of a child.\p\1get out of bed on the wrong side\c be bad-tempered all day long.\p\1go to bed\c\p\B1\b retire for the night.\p\B2\b \ISex\i have sexual intercourse.\p\B3\b \IJournalism\i (of a newspaper) go to press.\p\1keep one's bed\c stay in bed because of illness.\p\1make the bed\c tidy and arrange the bed for use.\p\1make one's bed and lie in it\c accept the consequences of one's acts.\p\1put to bed\c\p\B1\b cause to go to bed.\p\B2\b \IJournalism\i make (a newspaper) ready for press.\p\1take to one's bed\c stay in bed because of illness. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibed(d)\i \I(n.),\i \Ibeddian\i \I(v.),\i from Germanic\c
<hw>bedabble</hw> \K/bI"dab(\F'\n)l/\k \Iv.tr.\i stain or splash with dirty liquid, blood, etc.
<hw>bed and board</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b lodging and food.\p\B2\b \ISex\i marital relations.
<hw>bed and breakfast</hw> \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b one night's lodging and breakfast in a hotel etc.\p\B2\b an establishment that provides this. \Iv.tr.\i \B(bed-and-breakfast)\b \IStock Exch.\i sell (shares) and buy back the next morning.\Kverb new f. SOED Aug 93\k
<hw>bedaub</hw> \K/bI"dO:b/\k \Iv.tr.\i smear or daub with paint etc.; decorate gaudily.
<hw>bedazzle</hw> \K/bI"daz(\F'\n)l/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b dazzle.\p\B2\b confuse (a person). \Bbedazzlement\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>bedbug</hw> \K/"bEdbVg/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i either of two flat, wingless, evil-smelling insects of the genus \ICimex\i infesting beds and unclean houses and sucking blood .
<hw>bedchamber</hw> \K/"bEdtSeImb\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Iarchaic\i a bedroom.\p\B2\b \B(Bedchamber)\b part of the title of some of the sovereign's attendants \3(Lady of the Bedchamber).\c
<hw>bedclothes</hw> \K/"bEdkl\F'\nUDz/\k \In.pl.\i coverings for a bed, such as sheets, blankets, etc.
<hw>bedcover</hw> \K/"bEdkVv\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a bedspread.\p\B2\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i = \J\Xbedclothes\x.\j\Knew f. corpus, SOED Aug 94\k
<hw>beddable</hw> \K/"bEd\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Icolloq.\i considered seductive or sexually attractive. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbed\x\j + \J\X-able\x\j\c
<hw>bedder</hw> \K/"bEd\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBot Hort\i a plant suitable for a garden bed.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b \IEducation\i \Icolloq.\i a college bedmaker.
<hw>bedding</hw> \K/"bEdIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a mattress and bedclothes.\p\B2\b litter for cattle, horses, etc.\p\B3\b a bottom layer.\p\B4\b \IGeol.\i the stratification of rocks, esp. when clearly visible.
<hw>bedding plant</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot Hort\i a plant set into a garden bed or container when it is about to bloom, usu. an annual used for display and discarded at the end of the season.
<hw>beddy-byes</hw> \K/"bEdIbVIz/\k\p\In.\i\p(child's word for) bed, sleep.\Knew f. SOED May 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbed\x\j + \J\X-y\x (2)\j + \J\Xbye-bye\x (2)\j\c
<hw>bedeck</hw> \K/bI"dEk/\k \Iv.tr.\i adorn.
<hw>bedeguar</hw> \K/"bEdIgA:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a mosslike growth on rose bushes produced by a gall wasp. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IbΘdegar\i from Persian \Ibad-awar\i 'wind-brought'\c
<hw>bedel</hw> \K/"bi:d(\F'\n)l/, /bI"dEl/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bbedell)\b \BBrit.\b \IEducation\i a university official with chiefly processional duties. \BEtymology:\b \3archaic spelling of \J\Xbeadle\x\j\c
<hw>bedevil</hw> \K/bI"dEv(\F'\n)l/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(bedevilled,\b \Bbedevilling;\b \BUS\b \Bbedeviled,\b \Bbedeviling)\b\p\B1\b plague; afflict.\p\B2\b confound; confuse.\p\B3\b possess as if with a devil; bewitch.\p\B4\b treat with diabolical violence or abuse. \Bbedevilment\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>bedew</hw> \K/bI"dju:/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b cover or sprinkle with dew or drops of water.\p\B2\b \Ipoet.\i sprinkle with tears.
<hw>bedfellow</hw> \K/"bEdfEl\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person who shares a bed.\p\B2\b an associate.
<hw>Bedford cord</hw> \K/bEdf\F'\nd "kO:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITextiles\i a tough woven fabric having prominent ridges, similar to corduroy. \BEtymology:\b \3\IBedford\i in S. England\c
<hw>bedhead</hw> \K/"bEdhEd/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFurniture\i the upper end of a bed.\Knew word in COD9 f. NSOED Aug 93\k
<hw>bed-hop</hw> \Iv.intr.\i \B(-hopped,\b \B-hopping)\b \ISex\i \Icolloq.\i engage in successive casual sexual affairs.\Knew word in COD9 f. NSOED Aug 93\k
<hw>bedight</hw> \K/bI"dVIt/\k \Iadj.\i \Iarchaic\i arrayed; adorned. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English past part. of \Ibedight\i \I(v.)\i (as \J\Xbe-\x,\j \J\Xdight\x)\j\c
<hw>bedim</hw> \K/bI"dIm/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(bedimmed,\b \Bbedimming)\b \Ipoet.\i make (the eyes, mind, etc.) dim.
<hw>bedjacket</hw> \K/"bEddZakIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IClothing\i a jacket worn when sitting up in bed.
<hw>bedlam</hw> \K/"bEdl\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a scene of uproar and confusion \3(the traffic was bedlam).\c\p\B2\b \Iarchaic\i a madhouse; an asylum. \BEtymology:\b \3hospital of St Mary of \IBethlehem\i in London\c
<hw>bedlinen</hw> \K/"bEdlInIn/\k\p\In.\i\psheets, pillowcases, duvet covers, etc.
<hw>Bedlington terrier</hw> \K/"bEdlINt(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i\p\B1\b a terrier of a breed with a narrow head, long legs, and curly grey hair.\p\B2\b this breed. \BEtymology:\b \3\IBedlington\i in N. England\c
<hw>bedmaker</hw> \K/"bEdmeIk\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IEducation\i a person employed to clean and tidy students' rooms in a college.
<hw>Bedouin</hw> \K/"bEdUIn/\k \In. & adj.\i (also \BBeduin)\b\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i same)\p\B1\b \IPeople\i a nomadic Arab of the desert.\p\B2\b a wanderer; a nomad. \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of or relating to the Bedouin.\p\B2\b wandering; nomadic. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ibeduin,\i ultimately from Arabic \Ibadawi,\i \Ipl. badawin\i 'dwellers in the desert' from \Ibadw\i 'desert'\c
<hw>bedpan</hw> \K/"bEdpan/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a receptacle used by a bedridden patient for urine and faeces.
<hw>bedplate</hw> \K/"bEdpleIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMech\i a metal plate forming the base of a machine.
<hw>bedpost</hw> \K/"bEdp\F'\nUst/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFurniture\i any of the four upright supports of a bedstead.\p\1between you and me and the bedpost\c \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i in strict confidence.
<hw>bedraggle</hw> \K/bI"drag(\F'\n)l/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b wet (a garment etc.) by trailing it, or so that it hangs limp.\p\B2\b (as \Bbedraggled\b \Iadj.)\i untidy; dishevelled. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbe-\x\j + \J\Xdraggle\x\j\c
<hw>bedrest</hw> \K/"bEdrEst/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i confinement of an invalid to bed.
<hw>bedridden</hw> \K/"bEdrId(\F'\n)n/\k \Iadj.\i \IMed\i\p\B1\b confined to bed by infirmity.\p\B2\b decrepit. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibedreda\i from \Iridan\i 'ride'\c
<hw>bedrock</hw> \K/"bEdrQk/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IGeol\i solid rock underlying alluvial deposits etc.\p\B2\b the underlying principles or facts of a theory, character, etc.
<hw>bedroll</hw> \K/"bEdr\F'\nUl/\k\p\In.\i\p\Besp. N. Amer.\b portable bedding rolled into a bundle, esp. a sleeping bag.
<hw>bedroom</hw> \K/"bEdru:m/, /-rUm/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBuilding\i a room for sleeping in.\p\B2\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i \ISex\i of or referring to sexual relations \3(bedroom farce).\c
<hw>Beds.</hw> \Iabbr.\i Bedfordshire.
<hw>bedside</hw> \K/"bEdsVId/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMed\i the space beside esp. a patient's bed.\p\B2\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i of or relating to the side of a bed \3(bedside lamp).\c\p\1bedside manner\c \IMed\i (of a doctor) an approach or attitude to a patient.
<hw>bed-sitting room</hw> \K/bEd"sItIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b a one-roomed unit of accommodation usu. consisting of combined bedroom and sitting room with cooking facilities.
<hw>bedskirt</hw> \K/"bEdsk\F'\n:t/\k\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b a valance for a bed.\Knew f. incomings Aug 94\k
<hw>bedsock</hw> \K/"bEdsQk/\k\p\In.\i\p\Besp. Brit.\b \IClothing\i each of a pair of thick socks worn in bed.
<hw>bedsore</hw> \K/"bEdsO:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a sore developed by an invalid because of pressure caused by lying in bed.
<hw>bedspread</hw> \K/"bEdsprEd/\k\p\In.\i\pan often decorative cloth used to cover a bed when not in use.
<hw>bedstead</hw> \K/"bEdstEd/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFurniture\i the framework of a bed.
<hw>bedstraw</hw> \K/"bEdstrO:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b any herbaceous plant of the genus \IGalium,\i once used as straw for bedding.\p\B2\b (in full \Blady's bedstraw)\b a bedstraw, G. verum, with yellow flowers.
<hw>bedtable</hw> \K/"bEdteIb(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IFurniture\i a portable table or tray with legs used by a person sitting up in bed.
<hw>bedtime</hw> \K/"bEdtVIm/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the usual time for going to bed.\p\B2\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i of or relating to bedtime \3(bedtime drink).\c
<hw>Beduin</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\XBedouin\x.\j
<hw>bed-wetting</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i involuntary urination during the night. \Bbed-wetter\b\p\In.\i\p\K-er new word in COD9 f. NSOED Aug 93\k
<hw>bee</hw> \K/bi:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b (in full \Bhoney bee)\b a stinging hymenopterous insect of the genus \IApis\i which collects nectar and pollen, produces wax and honey, and lives in large communities, esp. the domesticated A. mellifera. \Bb\b a related insect of the superfamily Apoidea, either social or solitary.\p\B2\b (usu. \Bbusy bee)\b a busy person.\p\B3\b \Besp. US\b a meeting for communal work or amusement \3(spelling bee).\c\p\1a bee in one's bonnet\c an obsession.\p\1the bee's knees\c \Islang\i something outstandingly good \3(thinks he's the bee's knees).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibeo,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>Beeb</hw> \K/bi:b/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(prec. by \Bthe)\b\i \BBrit.\b \IBroadcasting\i \Icolloq.\i the BBC. \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation\c
<hw>bee-bread</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBeekeeping\i honey or pollen used as food by bees.
<hw>beech</hw> \K/bi:tS/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b (also \Bbeech tree)\b any large forest tree of the genus \IFagus,\i having smooth grey bark and glossy leaves.\p\B2\b (also \Bbeechwood)\b \IForestry\i its wood.\p\B3\b \BAustral.\b any of various similar trees in Australia.\Kbeechy omitted Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibece,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>beech-fern</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i any of several related ferns, esp. Phegopteris connectilis, found in damp woods.
<hw>beech marten</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i the stone marten, Martes foina.
<hw>beechmast</hw> \K/"bi:tSmA:st/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i same) \IBot\i the small rough-skinned fruit of the beech tree. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbeech\x\j + \J\Xmast\x (2)\j\c
<hw>beechwood</hw> \Isee\i \J\Xbeech\x 2.\j
<hw>bee dance</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBeekeeping\i a dance performed by worker bees to inform the colony of the location of food.
<hw>bee-eater</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i any bright-plumaged insect-eating bird of the family Meropidae with a long slender curved bill.
<hw>beef</hw> \K/bi:f/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IFood\i the flesh of the ox, bull, or esp. the cow, for eating.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i well-developed male muscle.\p\B3\b \I(pl.\i \Bbeeves\b \K/bi:vz/\k) a cow, bull, or ox fattened for beef; its carcass.\p\B4\b \I(pl.\i \Bbeefs)\b \Islang\i a complaint; a protest. \Iv.intr.\i \Islang\i complain.\p\Bbeef up\b \Islang\i strengthen, reinforce, augment. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Anglo-French, Old French \Iboef\i from Latin \Ibos bovis\i 'ox'\c
<hw>beefburger</hw> \K/"bi:fb\F'\n:g\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i a cake of minced beef usu. fried or grilled.
<hw>beefcake</hw> \K/"bi:fkeIk/\k\p\In.\i\p\Islang\i well-developed male muscles, esp. when displayed for admiration.
<hw>beefeater</hw> \K/"bi:fi:t\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pa warder in the Tower of London; a Yeoman of the Guard. \BEtymology:\b \3from obsolete sense 'well-fed menial'\c
<hw>beefsteak</hw> \K/bi:f"steIk/, /"bi:f-/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i a thick slice of lean beef, esp. from the rump, usu. for grilling or frying.
<hw>beefsteak fungus</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a red bracket fungus, Fistulina hepatica, resembling raw beef.
<hw>beefsteak tomato</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b \IBot\i = \J\Xbeef tomato\x.\j\Knew f. F. Abate etc. Dec 94\k
<hw>beef tea</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMed Drink\i stewed extract of beef, given to invalids.
<hw>beef tomato</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IBot.\i an exceptionally large and firm variety of tomato.\Knew word in COD9 f. POD, NSOED Aug 93\k
<hw>beefwood</hw> \K/"bi:fwUd/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b any of various Australian and W. Indian hardwood trees.\p\B2\b the close-grained red timber of these.
<hw>beehive</hw> \K/"bi:hVIv/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an artificial habitation for bees.\p\B2\b a busy place.\p\B3\b \I\Iesp.\i Hairdressing\i anything resembling a wicker beehive in being domed.
<hw>bee-keeping</hw>\p\In.\i\pthe occupation of keeping bees. \Bbee-keeper\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>beeline</hw> \K/"bi:lVIn/\k\p\In.\i\pa straight line between two places.\p\1make a beeline for\c hurry directly to.
<hw>Beelzebub</hw> \K/bI"ElzIbVb/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i the Devil. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English via Latin from Greek \Ibeelzeboul\i & Hebrew \Iba\i'\Ial zeb√b\i 'lord of the flies', the name of a Philistine god\c
<hw>bee-master</hw>\p\In.\i\pa man who keeps bees.
<hw>been</hw> \I\Ipast part.\i of\i \J\Xbe\x.\j
<hw>bee orchid</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a kind of European orchid, Ophrys apifera, with bee-shaped flowers.
<hw>beep</hw> \K/bi:p/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the sound of a motor car horn.\p\B2\b any similar short high-pitched sound.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i emit a beep.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i cause to emit a beep.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \BN. Amer.\b summon with a beeper.\Ksense 2 and 3 new f. incomings Aug 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3imitative\c
<hw>beeper</hw> \K/"bi:p\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a device that emits beeps.\p\B2\b \BN. Amer.\b = \J\Xbleeper\x.\j\Knew as hwd Aug 94\k
<hw>beer</hw> \K/bI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IDrink\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b an alcoholic drink made from yeast-fermented malt etc., flavoured with hops. \Bb\b a glass or can of this.\p\B2\b any of several other fermented drinks, e.g. ginger beer.\p\1beer and skittles\c \BBrit.\b amusement \3(life is not all beer and skittles).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibeor\i via Late Latin \Ibiber\i 'drink' from Latin \Ibibere\i\c
<hw>beer belly</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IDrink\i a stomach which protrudes as a result of excessive consumption of beer.\Knew word in COD9 f. NSOED, News Aug 93\k
<hw>beer cellar</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IDrink\i\p\B1\b an underground room for storing beer.\p\B2\b a basement or cellar for selling or drinking beer.
<hw>beer engine</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IMech\i a machine that draws up beer from a barrel in a cellar.
<hw>beer garden</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IDrink\i a garden where beer is sold and drunk.
<hw>beer gut</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IDrink\i \Islang\i = \J\Xbeer belly\x.\j\Knew word in COD9 f. NSOED, News Aug 93\k
<hw>beer hall</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IDrink\i a large room where beer is sold and drunk.
<hw>beerhouse</hw> \K/"bI\F'\nhaUs/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IDrink\i a public house licensed to sell beer but not spirits.
<hw>beer mat</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IDrink\i a small table mat for a beer glass.
<hw>beery</hw> \K/"bI\F'\nri/\k \Iadj.\i \B(beerier,\b \Bbeeriest)\b\p\B1\b showing the influence of drink in one's appearance or behaviour.\p\B2\b smelling or tasting of beer. \Bbeerily\b \Iadv.\i \Bbeeriness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>beestings</hw> \K/"bi:stINz/\k \In.pl.\i \I(also treated as \Bsing.)\b\i \IZool\i the first milk (esp. of a cow) after giving birth. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibysting,\i from West Germanic\c
<hw>beeswax</hw> \K/"bi:zwaks/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the wax secreted by bees to make honeycombs.\p\B2\b this wax refined and used to polish wood. \Iv.tr.\i polish (furniture etc.) with beeswax.
<hw>beeswing</hw> \K/"bi:zwIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\IDrink\i a filmy second crust on old port.
<hw>beet</hw> \K/bi:t/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i any plant of the genus \IBeta\i with an edible root (see \J\Xbeetroot\x,\j \J\Xsugar beet\x).\j \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibete\i from Latin \Ibeta,\i perhaps of Celtic origin\c
<hw>beetle (1)</hw> \K/"bi:t(\F'\n)l/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool\i any insect of the order Coleoptera, with modified front wings forming hard protective cases closing over the back wings.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i any similar, usu. black, insect.\Ka type of compact rounded Volkswagen saloon car omitted May 94\k\p\B3\b \BBrit.\b \IGames\i a dice game in which a beetle is drawn or assembled. \Iv.intr.\i \I(foll. by \Babout,\b \Baway,\b \Betc.)\b\i \Icolloq.\i hurry, scurry. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibitula\i 'biter' from \Ibitan\i \J\Xbite\x\j\c
<hw>beetle (2)</hw> \K/"bi:t(\F'\n)l/\k \In. & v.\i \IMech Textiles\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a tool with a heavy head and a handle, used for ramming, crushing, driving wedges, etc.\p\B2\b a machine used for heightening the lustre of cloth by pressure from rollers. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b ram, crush, drive, etc., with a beetle.\p\B2\b finish (cloth) with a beetle. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibetel,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>beetle-browed</hw> \Iadj.\i with shaggy, projecting, or scowling eyebrows. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbeetle\x (3)\j\c
<hw>beetle-crusher</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IClothing\i \Icolloq.\i a large boot or foot. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbeetle\x (1)\j\c
<hw>beetroot</hw> \K/"bi:tru:t/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b\p\B1\b \IBot\i a beet, Beta vulgaris, with an edible spherical dark red root.\p\B2\b \IFood\i this root used as a vegetable.
<hw>beet sugar</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IFood\i sugar obtained from sugar beet.\Knew f. OERD Aug 94\k
<hw>beeves</hw> \I\Ipl.\i of\i \J\Xbeef\x.\j
<hw>BEF</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IMil\i \Ihist.\i British Expeditionary Force.
<hw>befall</hw> \K/bI"fO:l/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\I(past\i \Bbefell\b \K/bI"fEl/\k; \Ipast part.\i \Bbefallen\b \K/bI"fO:l\F'\nn/\k) \Ipoet.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i happen \3(so it befell).\c\p\B2\b \Itr.\i happen to (a person etc.) \3(what has befallen her?).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibefeallan\i (as \J\Xbe-\x,\j \Ifeallan\i \J\Xfall\x)\j\c
<hw>befit</hw> \K/bI"fIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(befitted,\b \Bbefitting)\b\p\B1\b be fitted or appropriate for; suit.\p\B2\b be incumbent on. \Bbefitting\b \Iadj.\i \Bbefittingly\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>befog</hw> \K/bI"fQg/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(befogged,\b \Bbefogging)\b\p\B1\b confuse; obscure.\p\B2\b envelop in fog.
<hw>befool</hw> \K/bI"fu:l/\k \Iv.tr.\i make a fool of; delude.
<hw>before</hw> \K/bI"fO:/\k \Iconj., prep., & adv.\i \Iconj.\i\p\B1\b earlier than the time when \3(crawled before he walked).\c\p\B2\b rather than that \3(would starve before he stole).\c \Iprep.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b in front of \3(before her in the queue).\c \Bb\b ahead of \3(crossed the line before him).\c \Bc\b under the impulse of \3(recoil before the attack).\c \Bd\b awaiting \3(the future before them).\c\p\B2\b earlier than; preceding \3(Lent comes before Easter).\c\p\B3\b rather than \3(death before dishonour).\c\p\B4\b \Ba\b in the presence of \3(appear before the judge).\c \Bb\b for the attention of \3(a plan put before the committee).\c \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b earlier than the time in question; already \3(heard it before).\c \Bb\b in the past \3(happened long before).\c\p\B2\b ahead \3(go before).\c\p\B3\b on the front \3(hit before and behind).\c\p\1before God\c a solemn oath meaning 'as God sees me'.\p\1before time\c \Isee\i \J\Xtime\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibeforan,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>before Christ</hw> \Iadv.\i \IHorol\i (of a date) reckoned backwards from the birth of Christ.
<hw>beforehand</hw> \K/bI"fO:hand/\k \Iadv.\i in anticipation; in advance; in readiness \3(had prepared the meal beforehand).\c\p\1be beforehand with\c anticipate; forestall. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from \J\Xbefore\x\j + \J\Xhand\x:\j cf. Anglo-French \Iavant main\i\c
<hw>befoul</hw> \K/bI"faUl/\k \Iv.tr.\i \Ipoet.\i\p\B1\b make foul or dirty.\p\B2\b degrade; defile \3(befouled her name).\c
<hw>befriend</hw> \K/bI"frEnd/\k \Iv.tr.\i act as a friend to; help.
<hw>befuddle</hw> \K/bI"fVd(\F'\n)l/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b make drunk.\p\B2\b confuse. \Bbefuddlement\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>beg</hw> \K/bEg/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B(begged,\b \Bbegging)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b \Iintr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bfor)\b\i ask for (esp. food, money, etc.) \3(begged for alms).\c \Bb\b \Itr.\i ask for (food, money, etc.) as a gift. \Bc\b \Iintr.\i live by begging.\p\B2\b \Itr. & intr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bfor,\b or \Bto\b + infin.)\i ask earnestly or humbly \3(begged for forgiveness;\c \2begged to be allowed out;\c \2please, I beg of you;\c \2beg your indulgence for a time).\c\p\B3\b \Itr.\i ask formally for \3(beg leave).\c\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i (of a dog etc.) sit up with the front paws raised expectantly.\p\B5\b \Itr.\i take or ask leave (to do something) \3(I beg to differ;\c \2beg to enclose).\c\p\1beg one's bread\c live by begging.\p\Bbeg off\b\p\B1\b decline to take part or attend.\p\B2\b get (a person) excused a penalty etc.\p\1beg pardon\c apologize.\p\1beg the question\c\p\B1\b assume the truth of an argument or proposition to be proved, without arguing it.\p\B2\b \Idisp.\i pose the question.\p\B3\b \Icolloq.\i evade a difficulty.\p\1go begging\c (or \BBrit.\b \Ba-begging)\b (of a chance or a thing) not be taken; be unwanted. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, probably from Old English \Ibedecian\i from Germanic: related to \J\Xbid\x\j\c Many people use the phrase \Ibeg the question\i in the disputed sense (sense 2 above). It originally meant, and still means, 'to assume the truth of the thing that is to be proved', e.g. \IBy devoting such a large part of the budget for the fight against drug addiction to education, we are begging the question of its significance in the battle against drugs,\i i.e. we are assuming that through education we can radically reduce drug-taking. Over the years \Ibeg the question\i has been misunderstood and another meaning has arisen, 'to raise the question', or 'invite the obvious question', and this is now the more common use of the phrase, e.g. \IMost people continue to live in cities, which begs the question as to whether city life or country life is more desirable.\i This use has been extended even further in phrases such as \IThe question that still needs to be begged is ....\i
<hw>beget</hw> \K/bI"gEt/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(begetting;\b \Ipast\i \Bbegot\b \K/bI"gQt/\k; \Iarchaic\i \Bbegat\b \K/bI"gat/\k; \Ipast part.\i \Bbegotten\b \K/bI"gQt(\F'\n)n/\k) \Iliterary\i\p\B1\b (usu. of a father, sometimes of a father and mother) procreate.\p\B2\b give rise to; cause \3(beget strife).\c \Bbegetter\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibegietan\i (as \J\Xbe-\x\j + \J\Xget\x\j = procreate)\c
<hw>beggar</hw> \K/"bEg\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ISociol\i a person who begs, esp. one who lives by begging.\p\B2\b a poor person.\p\B3\b \Icolloq.\i a person; a fellow \3(poor beggar).\c \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b reduce to poverty.\p\B2\b outshine.\p\B3\b exhaust the resources of \3(it beggars description).\c\p\1beggars cannot (or must not) be choosers\c those without other resources must take what is offered. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from \J\Xbeg\x\j + \J\X-ar\x (3)\j\c
<hw>beggar-my-neighbour</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICards\i\p\B1\b a card game in which a player seeks to capture an opponent's cards.\p\B2\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i (esp. of national policy) self-aggrandizing at the expense of competitors.
<hw>begging bowl</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a bowl etc. held out for food or alms.\p\B2\b an earnest appeal for help.
<hw>begging letter</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b a letter asking for a charitable gift.\Knew word in COD9 f. NSOED Aug 93\k
<hw>begin</hw> \K/bI"gIn/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B(beginning;\b \Ipast\i \Bbegan\b \K/bI"gan/\k; \Ipast part.\i \Bbegun\b \K/bI"gVn/\k)\p\B1\b \Itr.\i perform the first part of; start \3(begin work;\c \2begin crying;\c \2begin to understand).\c\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i come into being; arise: \Ba\b in time \3(war began in 1939).\c \Bb\b in space \3(Wales begins beyond the river).\c\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bto\b + infin.)\i start at a certain time \3(then began to feel ill).\c\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i be begun \3(the meeting will begin at 7).\c\p\B5\b \Ba\b \Itr. & intr.\i start speaking \3('No,' he began).\c \Bb\b \Iintr.\i take the first step; be the first to do something \3(who wants to begin?).\c\p\B6\b \Iintr.\i \I(usu. with \Bneg.)\b\i \Icolloq.\i show any attempt or likelihood \3(can't begin to compete).\c\p\Bbegin at\b start from.\p\Bbegin on\b (or \Bupon)\b set to work at.\p\1begin school\c \IEducation\i attend school for the first time.\p\Bbegin with\b take (a subject, task, etc.) first or as a starting point.\p\1to begin with\c in the first place; as the first thing. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibeginnan,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>beginner</hw> \K/bI"gIn\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pa person just beginning to learn a skill etc.\p\1beginner's luck\c good luck supposed to attend a beginner at games etc.
<hw>beginning</hw> \K/bI"gInIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the time or place at which anything begins.\p\B2\b a source or origin.\p\B3\b the first part.\p\1the beginning of the end\c the first clear sign of a final result.
<hw>begone</hw> \K/bI"gQn/\k \Iint.\i \Ipoet.\i go away at once!
<hw>begonia</hw> \K/bI"g\F'\nUnI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a plant of the genus \IBegonia,\i having flowers with brightly coloured sepals and no petals, and often glossy foliage. \BEtymology:\b \3M. \IBΘgon,\i French patron of science, d. 1710\c
<hw>begorra</hw> \K/bI"gQr\F'\n/\k \Iint.\i \BIr.\b by God! \BEtymology:\b \3corruption\c
<hw>begrime</hw> \K/bI"grVIm/\k \Iv.tr.\i make grimy.
<hw>begrudge</hw> \K/bI"grVdZ/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b resent; be dissatisfied at.\p\B2\b envy (a person) the possession of. \Bbegrudgingly\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>beguile</hw> \K/bI"gVIl/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b charm; amuse.\p\B2\b divert attention pleasantly from (toil etc.).\p\B3\b \I(often foll. by \Bof,\b \Bout of,\b or \Binto\b + verbal noun)\i delude; cheat \3(beguiled him into paying).\c \Bbeguilement\b\p\In.\i\p\Bbeguiler\b\p\In.\i\p\Bbeguiling\b \Iadj.\i \Bbeguilingly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbe-\x\j + obsolete \Iguile\i 'to deceive'\c
<hw>beguine</hw> \K/beI"gi:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IDancing\i\p\B1\b a popular dance of W. Indian origin.\p\B2\b its rhythm. \BEtymology:\b \3W. Indian French from French \IbΘguin\i 'infatuation'\c
<hw>begum</hw> \K/"beIg\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnthropol\i (in the Indian subcontinent)\p\B1\b a Muslim lady of high rank.\p\B2\b \B(Begum)\b the title of a married Muslim woman, equivalent to Mrs. \BEtymology:\b \3Urdu \Ibegam\i from Eastern Turkish \Ibigam\i 'princess', fem. of \Ibig\i 'prince'\c
<hw>behalf</hw> \K/bI"hA:f/\k\p\In.\i\p\1on \B(or esp. US\b in) behalf of (or on a person's behalf)\c\p\B1\b in the interests of (a person, principle, etc.).\p\B2\b as representative of \3(acting on behalf of my client).\c \BEtymology:\b \3mixture of earlier phrases \Ion his halve\i and \Ibihalve him,\i both = on his side: see \J\Xby\x,\j \J\Xhalf\x\j\c \IOn behalf of\i should not be confused with \Ion the part of,\i which means 'proceeding from, done or initiated by'. \IBehalf\i cannot replace \Ipart\i in \IHis death was largely due to panic on his part.\i Note the different senses expressed by \Ia long struggle on behalf of the strikers\i (the struggle being carried out by people other than the strikers), and \Ia long struggle on the part of the strikers\i (the struggle being carried out by the strikers).
<hw>behave</hw> \K/bI"heIv/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \Ba\b act or react (in a specified way) \3(behaved well).\c \Bb\b (esp. to or of a child) conduct oneself properly. \Bc\b (of a machine etc.) work well (or in a specified way) \3(the computer is not behaving today).\c\p\B2\b \Irefl.\i (esp. of or to a child) show good manners \3(behaved herself).\c\p\Bbehave towards\b treat (in a specified way). \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbe-\x\j + \J\Xhave\x\j\c
<hw>behaviour</hw> \K/bI"heIvj\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Bbehavior)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b the way one conducts oneself; manners. \Bb\b the treatment of others; moral conduct.\p\B2\b the way in which a ship, machine, chemical substance, etc., acts or works.\p\B3\b \IPsychol.\i the response (of a person, animal, etc.) to a stimulus.\p\1be on one's good (or best) behaviour\c behave well when being observed. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbehave\x\j on the pattern of \Idemeanour\i and influenced by obsolete \Ihaviour\i from \Ihave\i\c
<hw>behavioural</hw> \K/bI"heIvj\F'\nr(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \B(US\b \Bbehavioral)\b of or relating to behaviour. \Bbehaviouralist\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>behavioural science</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPsychol\i the scientific study of human and animal behaviour.
<hw>behaviourism</hw> \K/bI"heIvj\F'\nrIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Bbehaviorism)\b \IPsychol.\i\p\B1\b the theory that human behaviour is determined by conditioning rather than by thoughts or feelings, and that psychological disorders are best treated by altering behaviour patterns.\p\B2\b such study and treatment in practice. \Bbehaviourist\b\p\In.\i\p\Bbehaviouristic\b \K/-"rIstIk/\k \Iadj.\i
<hw>behaviour therapy</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPsychol\i the treatment of neurotic symptoms by training the patient's reactions to stimuli (see \J\Xbehaviourism\x).\j
<hw>behead</hw> \K/bI"hEd/\k \Iv.tr.\i cut off the head of (a person), esp. as a form of execution; kill in this way. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibeheafdian\i (as \J\Xbe-\x,\j \Iheafod\i \J\Xhead\x)\j\c
<hw>beheld</hw> \I\Ipast\i and \Ipast part.\i of\i \J\Xbehold\x.\j
<hw>behemoth</hw> \K/bI"hi:mQT/, /"bi:hIm\F'\nUT/\k\p\In.\i\pan enormous creature or thing. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Hebrew \Ibehem⌠t,\i intensive pl. of \Ibehemah\i 'beast', perhaps from Egyptian \Ip-ehe-mau\i 'water-ox'\c
<hw>behest</hw> \K/bI"hEst/\k\p\In.\i\p\Iliterary\i a command; an entreaty \3(went at his behest).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibehµs,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>behind</hw> \K/bI"hVInd/\k \Iprep., adv., & n.\i \Iprep.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b in, towards, or to the rear of. \Bb\b on the further side of \3(behind the bush).\c \Bc\b hidden by \3(something behind that remark).\c\p\B2\b \Ba\b in the past in relation to \3(trouble is behind me now).\c \Bb\b late in relation to \3(behind schedule).\c\p\B3\b inferior to; weaker than \3(rather behind the others in his maths).\c\p\B4\b \Ba\b in support of \3(she's right behind us).\c \Bb\b responsible for; giving rise to \3(the man behind the project;\c \2the reasons behind his resignation).\c\p\B5\b in the tracks of; following. \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b in or to or towards the rear; further back \3(the street behind;\c \2glance behind).\c \Bb\b on the further side \3(a high wall with a field behind).\c\p\B2\b remaining after departure \3(leave behind;\c \2stay behind).\c\p\B3\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bwith)\b\i \Ba\b \IEcon\i in arrears \3(behind with the rent).\c \Bb\b late in accomplishing a task etc. \3(working too slowly and getting behind).\c\p\B4\b in a weak position; backward \3(behind in Latin).\c\p\B5\b following \3(his dog running behind).\c\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IAnat\i \Icolloq.\i the buttocks.\p\B2\b \IFootball\i (in Australian Rules) a kick etc. sending the ball over the behind line, scoring one point.\p\1behind a person's back\c without a person's knowledge.\p\1behind the scenes\c \Isee\i \J\Xscene\x.\j\p\1behind time\c late.\p\1behind the times\c antiquated.\p\1come from behind\c win after lagging.\p\1put behind one\c\p\B1\b refuse to consider.\p\B2\b get over (an unhappy experience etc.). \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibehindan,\i \Ibihindan\i from \Ibi\i \J\Xby\x\j + \Ihindan\i 'from behind'\c
<hw>behindhand</hw> \K/bI"hVIndhand/\k \Iadv. & predic.adj.\i\p\B1\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bwith,\b \Bin)\b\i late (in discharging a duty, paying a debt, etc.).\p\B2\b out of date; behind time. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbehind\x\j + \J\Xhand\x:\j cf. \J\Xbeforehand\x\j\c
<hw>behind line</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IFootball\i (in Australian Rules) the line between an inner and outer goalpost.\Knew f. OERD Aug 94\k
<hw>behold</hw> \K/bI"h\F'\nUld/\k \Iv.tr.\i \I(past\i and \Ipast part.\i \Bbeheld\b \K/bI"held/\k) \I(esp. in \Bimper.)\b\i \Iliterary\i see, observe. \Bbeholder\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibihaldan\i (as \J\Xbe-\x,\j \Ihaldan\i 'hold')\c
<hw>beholden</hw> \K/bI"h\F'\nUld(\F'\n)n/\k \Ipredic.adj.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bto)\b\i under obligation. \BEtymology:\b \3past part. (obsolete except in this use) of \J\Xbehold\x,\j = bound\c
<hw>behoof</hw> \K/bI"hu:f/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(prec. by \Bto,\b \Bfor,\b \Bon;\b\i \Ifoll. by \Bof)\b\i \Iarchaic\i benefit; advantage. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibehof\i\c
<hw>behove</hw> \K/bI"h\F'\nUv/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(US\b \Bbehoove\b \K/-"hu:v/\k) \I(prec. by \Bit\b as subject;\i \Ifoll. by \Bto\b + infin.)\i \Iformal\i\p\B1\b be incumbent on.\p\B2\b \I(usu. with \Bneg.)\b\i befit \3(ill behoves him to protest).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibehofian\i from \Ibehof:\i see \J\Xbehoof\x\j\c
<hw>beige</hw> \K/beIZ/, /beIdZ/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\pa pale sandy fawn colour. \Iadj.\i of this colour. \BEtymology:\b \3French: ultimate origin unknown\c
<hw>being</hw> \K/"bi:IN/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b existence.\p\B2\b the nature or essence (of a person etc.) \3(his whole being revolted).\c\p\B3\b a human being.\p\B4\b \IPhilos\i anything that exists or is imagined.\p\1in being\c existing.
<hw>bejewelled</hw> \K/bI"dZu:\F'\nld/\k \Iadj.\i \B(US\b \Bbejeweled)\b adorned with jewels.
<hw>bel</hw> \K/bEl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i a unit used in the comparison of power levels in electrical communication or intensities of sound, corresponding to an intensity ratio of 10 to 1 \I(cf.\i \J\Xdecibel\x).\j \BEtymology:\b \3A. G. \IBell,\i inventor of telephone d. 1922\c
<hw>belabour</hw> \K/bI"leIb\F'\n/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(US\b \Bbelabor)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b thrash; beat. \Bb\b attack verbally.\p\B2\b argue or elaborate (a subject) in excessive detail. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbe-\x\j + \J\Xlabour\x\j = exert one's strength\c
<hw>belated</hw> \K/bI"leItId/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b coming late or too late.\p\B2\b overtaken by darkness. \Bbelatedly\b \Iadv.\i \Bbelatedness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3past part. of obsolete \Ibelate\i 'delay' (as \J\Xbe-\x,\j \J\Xlate\x)\j\c
<hw>belay</hw> \K/bI"leI/\k \Iv. & n.\i \INaut Mech Mountaineering\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i fix (a running rope) round a cleat, pin, rock, etc., to secure it.\p\B2\b \Itr. & intr.\i \I(usu. in \Bimper.)\b\i \INaut.\i \Islang\i stop; enough! \3(esp. belay there!).\c\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an act of belaying.\p\B2\b a spike of rock etc. used for belaying. \BEtymology:\b \3Dutch \Ibeleggen\i\c In mountaineering contexts, this word is often stressed on the first syllable \K/"bi:leI/\k.
<hw>belaying-pin</hw>\p\In.\i\p\INaut Mountaineering\i a fixed wooden or iron pin used to secure a rope which is fastened around it.
<hw>bel canto</hw> \K/bEl "kant\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMus\i\p\B1\b a lyrical style of operatic singing using a full rich broad tone and smooth phrasing.\p\B2\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i (of a type of aria or voice) characterized by this type of singing. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian, = fine song\c
<hw>belch</hw> \K/bEltS/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \IAnat\i emit wind noisily from the stomach through the mouth.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b (of a chimney, volcano, gun, etc.) send (smoke etc.) out or up. \Bb\b utter forcibly.\p\In.\i\pan act of belching. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibelcettan\i\c
<hw>beldam</hw> \K/"bEld\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bbeldame)\b \Iarchaic\i\p\B1\b an old woman; a hag.\p\B2\b a virago. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English & Old French \Ibel\i 'beautiful' + \J\Xdam\x (2),\j \J\Xdame\x\j\c
<hw>belemnite</hw> \K/"bEl\F'\nmnVIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeol\i any extinct cephalopod of the order Belemnoidea, having a bullet-shaped internal shell often found in fossilized form. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \Ibelemnites\i from Greek \Ibelemnon\i 'dart' + \J\X-ite\x (1)\j\c
\B\Ibel esprit\b\i \K/bEl E"spri:/, French /bEl Espri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B\Ibeaux esprits\b\i \K/b\F'\nUz E"spri:/, French /boz Espri/\k) a witty person. \BEtymology:\b \3French, literally 'fine mind'\c
<hw>belfry</hw> \K/"bElfri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IRelig Archit\i\p\B1\b a bell tower or steeple housing bells, esp. forming part of a church.\p\B2\b a space for hanging bells in a church tower.\p\1bats in the belfry\c \Isee\i \J\Xbat\x (2).\j \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iberfrei\i from Frankish: altered by association with \Ibell\i\c
<hw>Belgian</hw> \K/"bEldZ(\F'\n)n/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\IPeople\i\p\B1\b a native or national of Belgium in W. Europe.\p\B2\b a person of Belgian descent. \Iadj.\i of or relating to Belgium.
<hw>Belgian hare</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a dark red long-eared breed of domestic rabbit.
<hw>Belgic</hw> \K/"bEldZIk/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of the ancient Belgae of N. Gaul.\p\B2\b \IGeog. etc.\i of the Low Countries. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \IBelgicus\i from \IBelgae\i\c
<hw>Belial</hw> \K/"bi:lI\F'\nl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i the Devil. \BEtymology:\b \3Hebrew \Ibeliyya\i'\Ial\i 'worthless'\c
<hw>belie</hw> \K/bI"lVI/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(belying)\b\p\B1\b give a false notion of; fail to corroborate \3(its appearance belies its age).\c\p\B2\b \Ba\b fail to fulfil (a promise etc.). \Bb\b fail to justify (a hope etc.). \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibeleogan\i (as \J\Xbe-\x,\j \Ileogan\i \J\Xlie\x (2))\j\c
<hw>belief</hw> \K/bI"li:f/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \IRelig\i a person's religion; religious conviction \3(has no belief).\c \Bb\b a firm opinion \3(my belief is that he did it).\c \Bc\b an acceptance (of a thing, fact, statement, etc.) \3(belief in the afterlife).\c\p\B2\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bin)\b\i trust or confidence.\p\1beyond belief\c incredible.\p\1to the best of my belief\c in my genuine opinion. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old English \Igeleafa\i (as \J\Xbelieve\x)\j\c
<hw>believe</hw> \K/bI"li:v/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i accept as true or as conveying the truth \3(I believe it;\c \2don't believe him;\c \2believes what he is told).\c\p\B2\b \Itr.\i think, suppose \3(I believe it's raining;\c \2Mr Smith, I believe?).\c\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bin)\b\i \Ba\b have faith in the existence of \3(believes in God).\c \Bb\b have confidence in (a remedy, a person, etc.) \3(believes in alternative medicine).\c \Bc\b have trust in the advisability of \3(believes in telling the truth).\c\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i \IRelig\i have (esp. religious) faith.\p\1believe one's ears\c (or \Beyes)\b accept that what one apparently hears or sees etc. is true.\p\1believe it or not\c \Icolloq.\i it is true though surprising.\p\1would you believe it?\c \Icolloq.\i = \Ibelieve it or not.\i \Bbelievable\b \Iadj.\i \Bbelievability\b \K/-%li:v\F'\n"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibelyfan,\i \Ibelefan,\i with change of prefix from \Igelefan,\i from Germanic: related to \J\Xlief\x\j\c
<hw>believer</hw> \K/bI"li:v\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IRelig\i an adherent of a specified religion.\p\B2\b a person who believes, esp. in the efficacy of something \3(a great believer in exercise).\c
<hw>Belisha beacon</hw> \K/bI"li:S\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IMotoring\i a flashing orange ball surmounted on a striped post, marking some pedestrian crossings. \BEtymology:\b \3L. Hore-\IBelisha\i (d. 1957), Minister of Transport 1934\c
<hw>belittle</hw> \K/bI"lIt(\F'\n)l/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b make seem unimportant; depreciate; disparage.\p\B2\b make small; diminish in size. \Bbelittlement\b\p\In.\i\p\Bbelittler\b\p\In.\i\p\Bbelittlingly\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>bell (1)</hw> \K/bEl/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a hollow usu. metal object in the shape of a deep inverted cup usu. widening at the lip, made to sound a clear musical note when struck (either externally or by means of a clapper inside).\p\B2\b \Ba\b a sound or stroke of a bell, esp. as a signal. \Bb\b \I(prec. by a numeral)\i \INaut.\i the time as indicated every half-hour of a watch by the striking of the ship's bell one to eight times.\p\B3\b anything that sounds like or functions as a bell, esp. an electronic device that rings etc. as a signal.\p\B4\b \Ba\b a bell-shaped object or part, e.g. of a musical instrument. \Bb\b \IBot\i the corolla of a flower when bell-shaped.\p\B5\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \IMus.\i a set of cylindrical metal tubes of different lengths, suspended in a frame and played by being struck with a hammer. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b provide with a bell or bells; attach a bell to.\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bout)\b\i form into the shape of the lip of a bell.\p\1clear (or sound) as a bell\c perfectly clear or sound.\p\1give a person a bell\c \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i telephone a person.\Knew idiom in COD9 f. POD, OMED Aug 93\k\p\1ring a bell\c \Icolloq.\i revive a distant recollection; sound familiar. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibelle:\i perhaps related to \J\Xbell\x (2)\j\c
<hw>bell (2)</hw> \K/bEl/\k \In. & v.\i \IZool\i\p\In.\i\pthe cry of a stag or buck at rutting time. \Iv.intr.\i make this cry. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibellan\i 'bark, bellow'\c
<hw>belladonna</hw> \K/bEl\F'\n"dQn\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBot.\i deadly nightshade.\p\B2\b \IMed.\i a drug prepared from this. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from Italian \Ibella donna\i 'fair lady', perhaps from the use of its juice to make the eyes brilliant by dilating the pupils\c
<hw>bellbird</hw> \K/"bElb\F'\n:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i any of various birds with a bell-like song, esp. any Central or S. American bird of the genus \IProcnias,\i or a New Zealand honeyeater, Anthornis melanura.
<hw>bell-bottom</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IFashion\i\p\B1\b a marked flare below the knee (of a trouser leg).\p\B2\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i trousers with bell-bottoms. \Bbell-bottomed\b \Iadj.\i
<hw>bellboy</hw> \K/"bElbOI/\k\p\In.\i\p\Besp. N. Amer.\b a page in a hotel or club.
<hw>bell-buoy</hw>\p\In.\i\p\INaut\i a buoy equipped with a warning bell rung by the motion of the sea.
<hw>belle</hw> \K/bEl/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a beautiful woman.\p\B2\b a woman recognized as the most beautiful \3(the belle of the ball).\c \BEtymology:\b \3French from Latin \Ibella,\i fem. of \Ibellus\i 'beautiful'\c
\B\Ibelle Θpoque\b\i \K/bEl eI"pQk/, French /bEl epOk/\k\p\In.\i\pthe period of settled and comfortable life preceding the First World War. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = fine period\c
\B\Ibelle laide\b\i \K/bEl "leId/, French /bEl lEd/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B\Ibelles laides\b\i \Ipronunc.\i same) a fascinatingly ugly woman. \BEtymology:\b \3French from \Ibelle\i 'beautiful' + \Ilaide\i 'ugly'\c
<hw>belles-lettres</hw> \K/bEl"lEtr\F'\n/\k \In.pl.\i \I(also treated as \Bsing.)\b\i \ILiterature\i writings or studies of a literary nature, esp. essays and criticisms. \Bbelletrism\b \K/bEl"lEtrIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bbelletrist\b \K/bEl"lEtrIst/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bbelletristic\b \K/bEl\F'\n"trIstIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French, = fine letters\c
<hw>bell-founder</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IManuf\i a person who casts large bells in a foundry.
<hw>bell-glass</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IHort\i a bell-shaped glass cover for plants.
<hw>bellicose</hw> \K/"bElIk\F'\nUs/\k \Iadj.\i eager to fight; warlike. \Bbellicosity\b \K/-"kQsIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Ibellicosus,\i from \Ibellum\i 'war'\c
<hw>belligerence</hw> \K/bI"lIdZ(\F'\n)r(\F'\n)ns/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bbelligerency\b \K/-r(\F'\n)nsi/\k)\p\B1\b aggressive or warlike behaviour.\p\B2\b the status of a belligerent.
<hw>belligerent</hw> \K/bI"lIdZ(\F'\n)r(\F'\n)nt/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b engaged in war or conflict.\p\B2\b given to constant fighting; pugnacious.\p\In.\i\pa nation or person engaged in war or conflict. \Bbelligerently\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ibelligerare\i 'wage war', from \Ibellum\i 'war' + \Igerere\i 'wage'\c
<hw>bell jar</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ISci\i a bell-shaped glass cover or container for use in a laboratory.
<hw>bellman</hw> \K/"bElm\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-men)\b \Ihist.\i a town crier.
<hw>bell metal</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMetallurgy\i an alloy of copper and tin for making bells (the tin content being greater than in bronze).
<hw>bellow</hw> \K/"bEl\F'\nU/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \Ba\b emit a deep loud roar. \Bb\b cry or shout with pain.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i utter loudly and usu. angrily.\p\In.\i\pa bellowing sound. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English: perhaps related to \J\Xbell\x (2)\j\c
<hw>bellows</hw> \K/"bEl\F'\nUz/\k \In.pl.\i \I(also treated as \Bsing.)\b\i\p\B1\b a device with an air bag that emits a stream of air when squeezed, esp.: \Ba\b (in full \Bpair of bellows)\b a kind with two handles used for blowing air on to a fire. \Bb\b \IMus\i a kind used in a harmonium or small organ.\p\B2\b \IPhotog\i an expandable component, e.g. joining the lens to the body of a camera. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, probably from Old English \Ibelga,\i pl. of \Ibelig\i '\J\Xbelly\x\j'\c
<hw>bell pull</hw>\p\In.\i\pa cord or handle which rings a bell when pulled.
<hw>bell push</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b a button that operates an electric bell when pushed.
<hw>bell-ringer</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBell-ringing\i a person who rings church bells or handbells. \Bbell-ringing\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>bells and whistles</hw> \In.pl.\i \Iesp. Computing\i attractive additional features or trimmings; gimmicks.\Knew word in COD9 f. News Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3an allusion to the old fairground organs with their multiplicity of bells and whistles\c
<hw>Bell's palsy</hw> \K/bElz/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed.\i paralysis of the facial nerve causing muscular weakness in one side of the face.\Knew in COD9 f. SOED Oct 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Sir Charles \IBell,\i Scottish anatomist d. 1842\c
<hw>bell tent</hw>\p\In.\i\pa cone-shaped tent supported by a central pole.
<hw>bell-wether</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IAgriculture\i the leading sheep of a flock, with a bell on its neck.\p\B2\b a ringleader.
<hw>belly</hw> \K/"bEli/\k \In. & v.\i \IAnat\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b the part of the human body below the chest, containing the stomach and bowels.\p\B2\b the stomach, esp. representing the body's need for food.\p\B3\b the front of the body from the waist to the groin.\p\B4\b the underside of a four-legged animal.\p\B5\b \Ba\b a cavity or bulging part of anything. \Bb\b \IMus\i the surface of an instrument of the violin family, across which the strings are placed. \Iv.tr. & intr.\i \B(-ies,\b \B-ied)\b \I(often foll. by \Bout)\b\i swell or cause to swell; bulge.\p\1go belly up\c \Besp. N. Amer.\b \Icolloq.\i go bankrupt; die.\Kgo belly up new f. corpus, incomings Dec 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibelig\i (originally = bag), from Germanic\c
<hw>bellyache</hw> \K/"bElIeIk/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\Icolloq.\i a stomach pain. \Iv.intr.\i \Islang\i complain noisily or persistently. \Bbellyacher\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>bellyband</hw> \K/"bElIband/\k\p\In.\i\pa band placed round a horse's belly, holding the shafts of a cart etc.
<hw>belly button</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAnat\i \Icolloq.\i the navel.
<hw>belly dance</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IDancing\i an oriental dance performed by a woman, involving voluptuous movements of the belly. \Bbelly dancer\b\p\In.\i\p\Bbelly dancing\b\p\In.\i\p\Kbelly dancer, dancing subsumed to match POD8 Aug 92 aaw\k
<hw>bellyflop</hw> \K/"bElIflQp/\k \In. & v.\i \IDiving\i \Icolloq.\i\p\In.\i\pa dive into water in which the body lands with the belly flat on the water. \Iv.intr.\i \B(-flopped,\b \B-flopping)\b perform such a dive.
<hw>bellyful</hw> \K/"bElIfUl/, /-f(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-fuls)\b\p\B1\b enough to eat.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i enough or more than enough of anything (esp. unwelcome).
<hw>belly landing</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAeron\i a crash landing of an aircraft on the underside of the fuselage, without lowering the undercarriage.
<hw>belong</hw> \K/bI"lQN/\k \Iv.intr.\i\p\B1\b \I(foll. by \Bto)\b\i \Ba\b be the property of. \Bb\b be rightly assigned to as a duty, right, part, member, characteristic, etc. \Bc\b be a member of (a club, family, group, etc.).\p\B2\b have the right personal or social qualities to be a member of a particular group \3(he's nice but just doesn't belong).\c\p\B3\b \I(foll. by \Bin,\b \Bunder):\b\i \Ba\b be rightly placed or classified. \Bb\b fit a particular environment. \Bbelongingness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from intensive \J\Xbe-\x\j + \Ilongen\i 'belong' related to Old English \Igelang\i 'at hand, together with'\c
<hw>belongings</hw> \K/bI"lQNINz/\k \In.pl.\i one's movable possessions or luggage.
<hw>Belorussian</hw> \K/bEl\F'\nU"rVS(\F'\n)n/\k \In. & adj.\i (also \BByelorussian\b \K/bjEl\F'\nU-/\k)\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPeople\i a native of Belarus in eastern Europe.\p\B2\b \ILanguage\i the East Slavonic language of Belarus. \Iadj.\i of or relating to Belarus, its people, or its language. \BEtymology:\b \3Russian \IBelorussiya\i from \Ibelyi\i 'white' + \IRussiya\i 'Russia'\c
<hw>beloved</hw> \K/bI"lVvId/, /-"lVvd/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i much loved.\p\In.\i\pa much loved person. \BEtymology:\b \3obsolete \Ibelove,\i from intensive \J\Xbe-\x\j + \J\Xlove\x\p\Iv.\i\p\j\c
<hw>below</hw> \K/bI"l\F'\nU/\k \Iprep. & adv.\i \Iprep.\i\p\B1\b lower in position (vertically, down a slope or stream, etc.) than.\p\B2\b beneath the surface of; at or to a greater depth than \3(head below water;\c \2below 500 feet).\c\p\B3\b lower or less than in amount or degree \3(below freezing point).\c\p\B4\b lower in rank, position, or importance than.\p\B5\b unworthy of. \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b at or to a lower point or level.\p\B2\b \Ba\b downstairs \3(lives below).\c \Bb\b downstream.\p\B3\b \IBibliog\i (of a text reference) further forward on a page or in a book \3(as noted below).\c\p\B4\b on the lower side \3(looks similar above and below).\c\p\B5\b \Iliterary\i on earth; in hell.\p\1below stairs\c \BBrit.\b \ISociol\i in the basement of a house esp. as the part occupied by servants. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbe-\x\j + \J\Xlow\x (1)\j\c
<hw>Bel Paese</hw> \K/bEl pA:"eIzi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFood\i \Ipropr.\i a rich white mild creamy cheese of a kind originally made in Italy. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian, = fair country\c
<hw>belt</hw> \K/bElt/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IClothing\i a strip of leather or other material worn round the waist or across the chest, esp. to retain or support clothes or to carry weapons or as a safety belt.\p\B2\b a belt worn as a sign of rank or achievement.\p\B3\b \Ba\b \IMech\i a circular band of material used as a driving medium in machinery. \Bb\b \IMech\i a conveyor belt. \Bc\b \IBallistics\i a flexible strip carrying machine-gun cartridges.\p\B4\b a strip of colour or texture etc. differing from that on each side.\p\B5\b \IGeog. etc.\i a distinct region or extent \3(cotton belt;\c \2commuter belt;\c \2a belt of rain).\c\p\B6\b \Islang\i a heavy blow.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i put a belt round.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bon)\b\i fasten with a belt.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b beat with a belt. \Bb\b \Islang\i hit hard.\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i \Islang\i rush, hurry \I(usu. with compl.:\i \2belted along;\c \2belted home).\c\p\1below the belt\c unfair or unfairly; disregarding the rules.\p\1belt and braces\c \BBrit.\b (of a policy etc.) of twofold security.\p\Bbelt out\b \Islang\i sing or utter loudly and forcibly.\p\Bbelt up\b\p\B1\b \Islang\i be quiet.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i put on a seat belt.\p\1tighten one's belt\c live more frugally.\p\1under one's belt\c\p\B1\b (of food) eaten.\p\B2\b securely acquired \3(has a degree under her belt).\c \Bbelter\b\p\In.\i\p(esp. in sense of \Ibelt out).\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English via Germanic from Latin \Ibalteus\i\c
<hw>Beltane</hw> \K/"bElteIn/\k\p\In.\i\pan ancient Celtic festival celebrated on May Day. \BEtymology:\b \3Gaelic \Ibealltainn\i\c
<hw>belt drive</hw>\p\In.\i\pa driving mechanism powered by a continuous flexible belt.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k
<hw>beltman</hw> \K/"bEltman/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-men)\b \BAustral.\b \ISport\i a member of a life-saving team of surfers.
<hw>beltway</hw> \K/"bEltweI/\k\p\In.\i\p\BUS\b \ITransport\i\p\B1\b a ring road.\p\B2\b \B(usu. Beltway)\b \I(often \Battrib.)\b\i \IPolit\i Washington, DC, esp. as representing the perceived insularity of the US government.\Knew word in COD9 f. News, Inc., corpus Aug 93\k
<hw>beluga</hw> \K/bI"lu:g\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a large kind of sturgeon, Huso huso. \Bb\b caviar obtained from it.\p\B2\b a white whale. \BEtymology:\b \3Russian \Ibeluga\i from \Ibelyi\i 'white'\c
<hw>belvedere</hw> \K/"bElvIdI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IArchit\i a summer house or open-sided gallery usu. at rooftop level. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian from \Ibel\i 'beautiful' + \Ivedere\i 'see'\c
<hw>bemire</hw> \K/bI"mVI\F'\n/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b cover or stain with mud.\p\B2\b \I(in \Bpassive)\b\i be stuck in mud. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbe-\x\j + \J\Xmire\x\j\c
<hw>bemuse</hw> \K/bI"mju:z/\k \Iv.tr.\i stupefy or bewilder (a person). \Bbemusedly\b \K/-zIdli/\k \Iadv.\i \Bbemusement\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbe-\x\j + \J\Xmuse\x (2)\j\c
<hw>ben (1)</hw> \K/bEn/\k\p\In.\i\p\BSc.\b \IGeog\i a high mountain or mountain peak, esp. in names \3(Ben Nevis).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Gaelic \Ibeann\i\c
<hw>ben (2)</hw> \K/bEn/\k\p\In.\i\p\BSc.\b \IBuilding\i an inner room, esp. of a two-roomed cottage. \BEtymology:\b \3elliptical use of \Iben\i \I(adv.),\i = within (Old English \Ibinnan)\i\c
<hw>bench</hw> \K/bEn(t)S/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IFurniture\i a long seat of wood or stone for seating several people.\p\B2\b \IFurniture\i a working-table, e.g. for a carpenter, mechanic, or scientist.\p\B3\b \I(prec. by \Bthe)\b\i \ILaw\i \Ba\b the office of judge or magistrate. \Bb\b a judge's seat in a law court. \Bc\b a law court. \Bd\b judges and magistrates collectively.\p\B4\b \I(often in \Bpl.)\b\i \ISport\i an area to the side of a pitch, with seating where coaches and players not taking part can watch the game.\p\B5\b \BBrit.\b \IParl.\i a seat appropriated as specified \3(front bench).\c\p\B6\b \IArchit\i a level ledge in masonry or an earthwork, on a hill-slope, etc. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b exhibit (a dog) at a show.\p\B2\b \BN. Amer.\b \ISport\i withdraw (a player) from the pitch to the benches.\p\1on the bench\c \ILaw\i\p\B1\b appointed a judge or magistrate.\p\B2\b \ISport\i acting as substitute or reserve.\Ksense 2 new f. incomings, corpus Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibenc\i from Germanic: related to \J\Xbank\x (1)\j\c
<hw>bencher</hw> \K/"bEn(t)S\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b \ILaw\i a senior member of any of the Inns of Court.\p\B2\b \I(in \Bcomb.)\b\i \IParl.\i an occupant of a specified bench \3(backbencher).\c
<hw>benchmark</hw> \K/"bEn(t)SmA:k/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ISurveying\i a surveyor's mark cut in a wall, pillar, building, etc., used as a reference point in measuring altitudes.\p\B2\b \Ba\b a standard or point of reference. \Bb\b \IComputing\i a problem designed to evaluate the performance of a computer system. \Iv.tr.\i \IComputing etc.\i evaluate or check by comparison with a benchmark.
<hw>benchmark test</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IComputing etc.\i a test using a benchmark.
<hw>bench test</hw> \In. & v.\i \Iesp. Computing\i\p\In.\i\pa test carried out on a machine, component, etc. before it is released for use. \Iv.tr.\i run a bench test on.
<hw>bend (1)</hw> \K/bEnd/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\I(past\i \Bbent;\b \Ipast part.\i \Bbent\b except in \Ibended knee)\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \Itr.\i force or adapt (something straight) into a curve or angle. \Bb\b \Iintr.\i (of an object) be altered in this way.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i move or stretch in a curved course \3(the road bends to the left).\c\p\B3\b \Iintr. & tr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bdown,\b \Bover,\b etc.)\i incline or cause to incline from the vertical \3(bent down to pick it up).\c\p\B4\b \Itr.\i interpret or modify (a rule) to suit oneself.\p\B5\b \Itr. & refl.\i \I(foll. by \Bto,\b \Bon)\b\i direct or devote (oneself or one's attention, energies, etc.).\p\B6\b \Itr.\i turn (one's steps or eyes) in a new direction.\p\B7\b \Itr.\i \I(in \Bpassive;\b\i \Ifoll. by \Bon)\b\i have firmly decided; be determined \3(was bent on selling;\c \2on pleasure bent).\c\p\B8\b \Ba\b \Iintr.\i stoop or submit \3(bent before his master).\c \Bb\b \Itr.\i force to submit.\p\B9\b \Itr.\i \INaut.\i attach (a sail or cable) with a knot.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a curve in a road or other course.\p\B2\b a departure from a straight course.\p\B3\b a bent part of anything.\p\B4\b \B(the bends)\b \IMed\i \Icolloq.\i decompression sickness, esp. in divers.\p\1bend over backwards\c \Isee\i \J\Xbackwards\x.\j\p\1round (or \BUS\b around) the bend\c \Icolloq.\i crazy, insane. \Bbendable\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibendan,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>bend (2)</hw> \K/bEnd/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \INaut.\i any of various knots for tying ropes \3(fisherman's bend).\c\p\B2\b \IHeraldry\i \Ba\b a diagonal stripe from top right to bottom left of a shield. \Bb\b \B(bend sinister)\b a diagonal stripe from top left to bottom right, as a sign of bastardy. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibend\i 'band, bond', from Germanic\c
<hw>bender</hw> \K/"bEnd\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Islang\i\p\B1\b \IDrink\i a wild drinking spree.\p\B2\b \Ioffens.\i a homosexual.\Ksense 2 new in COD9 f. NSOED Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbend\x (1)\j + \J\X-er\x (1)\j\c
<hw>bendy</hw> \K/"bEndi/\k \Iadj.\i \B(bendier,\b \Bbendiest)\b \Icolloq.\i capable of bending; soft and flexible. \Bbendiness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>beneath</hw> \K/bI"ni:T/\k \Iprep. & adv.\i \Iprep.\i\p\B1\b not worthy of; too demeaning for \3(it was beneath him to reply).\c\p\B2\b below, under. \Iadv.\i below, under, underneath.\p\1beneath contempt\c \Isee\i \J\Xcontempt\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibinithan,\i \Ibineothan,\i from \Ibi\i \J\Xby\x\j + \Inithan\i etc. 'below', from Germanic\c
<hw>benedicite</hw> \K/bEnI"dVIsIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i a blessing, esp. a grace said at table in religious communities. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin, = bless ye: see \J\Xbenediction\x\j\c
<hw>Benedictine</hw> \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\K/bEnI"dIktIn/\k\p\B1\b \IRelig\i a monk or nun of an order following the rule of St Benedict established \Ic\i540.\p\B2\b \K/bEnI"dIkti:n/\k\IDrink\i \Ipropr.\i a liqueur based on brandy, originally made by Benedictines in France. \Iadj.\i \K/bEnI"dIktIn/\k\IRelig\i of St Benedict or the Benedictines. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IbΘnΘdictine\i or modern Latin \Ibenedictinus,\i from \IBenedictus\i Benedict\c
<hw>benediction</hw> \K/bEnI"dIkS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i\p\B1\b the utterance of a blessing, esp. at the end of a religious service or as a special Roman Catholic service.\p\B2\b the state of being blessed. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Ibenedictio -onis,\i from \Ibenedicere -dict-\i 'bless'\c
<hw>benedictory</hw> \K/bEnI"dIkt(\F'\n)ri/\k \Iadj.\i \IRelig\i of or expressing benediction. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ibenedictorius\i (as \J\Xbenediction\x)\j\c
<hw>Benedictus</hw> \K/bEnI"dIkt\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i\p\B1\b the section of the Roman Catholic Mass beginning \IBenedictus qui venit in nomine Domini\i (Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord).\p\B2\b a canticle beginning \IBenedictus Dominus Deus\i (Blessed be the Lord God) from Luke 1:68-79. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = blessed: see \J\Xbenediction\x\j\c
<hw>benefaction</hw> \K/bEnI"fakS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a donation or gift.\p\B2\b an act of giving or doing good. \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Ibenefactio\i (as \J\Xbenefit\x)\j\c
<hw>benefactor</hw> \K/"bEnIfakt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(fem.\i \Bbenefactress\b \K/-trIs/\k) a person who gives support (esp. financial) to a person or cause. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Late Latin (as \J\Xbenefit\x)\j\c
<hw>benefice</hw> \K/"bEnIfIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i\p\B1\b a living from a Church office.\p\B2\b the property attached to a Church office, esp. that bestowed on a rector or vicar. \Bbeneficed\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Ibeneficium\i 'favour', from \Ibene\i 'well' + \Ifacere\i 'do'\c
<hw>beneficial</hw> \K/bEnI"fIS(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b advantageous; having benefits.\p\B2\b improving the health.\Ksense 2 new in COD9 f. corpus, DJT Aug 93\k\p\B3\b \ILaw\i relating to the use or benefit of property; having rights to this use or benefit. \Bbeneficially\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from French \IbΘnΘficial\i or Late Latin \Ibeneficialis\i (as \J\Xbenefice\x)\j\c
<hw>beneficiary</hw> \K/bEnI"fIS(\F'\n)ri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b a person who receives benefits, esp. under a trust, will, or life insurance policy.\p\B2\b \IRelig\i a holder of a Church living. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ibeneficiarius\i (as \J\Xbenefice\x)\j\c
<hw>benefit</hw> \K/"bEnIfIt/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a favourable or helpful factor or circumstance; advantage, profit.\p\B2\b \I(often in \Bpl.)\b\i payment made under insurance, social security, welfare, etc. \3(sickness benefit).\c\p\B3\b \ITheatr Sport\i a public performance or game of which the proceeds go to a particular player or company or charitable cause.\p\Iv.\i\p\B(benefited,\b \Bbenefiting;\b \BUS\b \Bbenefitted,\b \Bbenefitting)\b\p\B1\b \Itr.\i do good to; bring advantage to.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bfrom,\b \Bby)\b\i receive an advantage or gain.\p\1benefit of clergy\c \IEccl Law\i\p\B1\b \Ihist.\i exemption of the English tonsured clergy and nuns from the jurisdiction of the ordinary civil courts.\p\B2\b ecclesiastical sanction or approval \3(marriage without benefit of clergy).\c\p\1the benefit of the doubt\c a concession that a person is innocent, correct, etc., although doubt exists. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Anglo-French \Ibenfet,\i Old French \Ibienfet\i from Latin \Ibenefactum,\i from \Ibene facere\i 'do well'\c
<hw>Benelux</hw> \K/"bEnIlVks/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeog Commerce\i Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg in association as a regional economic group. \BEtymology:\b \3\IBe\ilgium + \INe\itherlands + \ILux\iembourg\c
<hw>benevolent</hw> \K/bI"nEv(\F'\n)l(\F'\n)nt/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b wishing to do good; actively friendly and helpful.\p\B2\b charitable \3(benevolent fund;\c \2benevolent society).\c \Bbenevolence\b\p\In.\i\p\Bbenevolently\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ibenivolent\i from Latin \Ibene volens -entis\i 'well wishing' from \Ibene\i 'well' + \Ivelle\i 'wish'\c
<hw>B.Eng.</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IEngin\i Bachelor of Engineering.
<hw>Bengali</hw> \K/bEN"gO:li/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \BBengalis)\b\p\B1\b \IPeople\i a native of Bengal, a former Indian province now consisting of Bangladesh and the Indian state of W. Bengal.\p\B2\b \ILanguage\i the language of the Bengalis. \Iadj.\i of or relating to Bengal or its people or language.
<hw>Bengal light</hw> \K/bEN"gO:l/\k\p\In.\i\pa kind of firework giving off a blue flame, used for signals.
<hw>benighted</hw> \K/bI"nVItId/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b intellectually or morally ignorant.\p\B2\b overtaken by darkness. \Bbenightedness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3obsolete \Ibenight\i \I(v.)\i from \J\Xbe-\x\j + \J\Xnight\x\j\c
<hw>benign</hw> \K/bI"nVIn/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b gentle, mild, kindly.\p\B2\b fortunate, salutary.\p\B3\b (of the climate, soil, etc.) mild, favourable.\p\B4\b \IMed.\i (of a disease, tumour, etc.) not malignant. \Bbenignly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ibenigne\i from Latin \Ibenignus,\i from \Ibene\i 'well' + -\Igenus\i 'born'\c
<hw>benignant</hw> \K/bI"nIgn\F'\nnt/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b kindly, esp. to inferiors.\p\B2\b salutary, beneficial.\p\B3\b \IMed.\i = \J\Xbenign\x 4.\j \Bbenignancy\b\p\In.\i\p\Bbenignantly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbenign\x,\j or Latin \Ibenignus,\i on the pattern of \Imalignant\i\c
<hw>benignity</hw> \K/bI"nIgnIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b kindliness.\p\B2\b an act of kindness. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \IbenignitΘ\i or Latin \Ibenignitas\i (as \J\Xbenign\x)\j\c
<hw>benign neglect</hw>\p\In.\i\pnon-interference or neglect, intended to benefit the subject more than continual attention.\Knew word in COD9 f. News, corpus Aug 93\k
<hw>benison</hw> \K/"bEnIz(\F'\n)n/, /-s-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i \Iarchaic\i a blessing. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ibeneiτun\i from Latin \Ibenedictio -onis\i \J\Xbenediction\x\j\c
<hw>bent (1)</hw> \K/bEnt/\k \I\Ipast\i and \Ipast part.\i of\i \J\Xbend\x (1)\p\Iv.\i\p\j \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b curved or having an angle.\p\B2\b \Besp. Brit.\b \Islang\i dishonest, illicit.\p\B3\b \BBrit.\b \Islang\i \Ioffens.\i sexually deviant; homosexual.\p\B4\b \I(foll. by \Bon)\b\i determined to do or have.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an inclination or bias.\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bfor)\b\i a talent for something specified \3(a bent for mimicry).\c
<hw>bent (2)</hw> \K/bEnt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBot\i \Ba\b any stiff grass of the genus \IAgrostis.\i \Bb\b any of various grasslike reeds, rushes, or sedges.\p\B2\b a stiff stalk of a grass usu. with a flexible base.\p\B3\b \BBrit.\b \Iarchaic\i or \Idial.\i a heath or unenclosed pasture. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English representing Old English \Ibeonet-\i (in place names), from Germanic\c
<hw>Benthamism</hw> \K/"bEnt\F'\nmIz(\F'\n)m/, /"bEnT-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhilos\i the utilitarian philosophy of Jeremy Bentham, English philosopher d. 1832. \BBenthamite\b \In. & adj.\i
<hw>benthos</hw> \K/"bEnTQs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiol\i the flora and fauna found at the bottom of a sea or lake. \Bbenthic\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Greek, = depth of the sea\c
<hw>bentonite</hw> \K/"bEnt\F'\nnVIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMineral\i a kind of absorbent clay used esp. as a filler. \BEtymology:\b \3Fort \IBenton\i in Montana, US, where it is found\c
\B\Iben trovato\b\i \K/bEn tr\F'\n(U)"vA:t\F'\nU/, Italian /ben tro"vA:to/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b well invented.\p\B2\b characteristic if not true. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian, = well found\c
<hw>bentwood</hw> \K/"bEntwUd/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFurniture Carpentry\i wood that is artificially shaped for use in making furniture.
<hw>benumb</hw> \K/bI"nVm/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b make numb; deaden.\p\B2\b paralyse (the mind or feelings). \BEtymology:\b \3originally = deprived, as past part. of Middle English \Ibenimen\i from Old English \Ibeniman\i (as \J\Xbe-\x,\j \Iniman\i 'take')\c
<hw>benzene</hw> \K/"bEnzi:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i a colourless carcinogenic volatile liquid found in coal tar, petroleum, etc., and used as a solvent and in the manufacture of plastics etc. Chem. formula: C6H6.\Kformula\k \Bbenzenoid\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbenzoic\x\j + \J\X-ene\x\j\c
<hw>benzene ring</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i the hexagonal unsaturated ring of six carbon atoms in the benzene molecule.
<hw>benzine</hw> \K/"bEnzi:n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bbenzin\b \K/-zIn/\k) \IChem\i a mixture of liquid hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbenzoin\x\j + \J\X-ine\x (4)\j\c
<hw>benzodiazepine</hw> \K/%bEnz\F'\nUdVI"eIzIpi:n/, /-"az\F'\npi:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPharm.\i any class of heterocyclic organic compounds used as tranquillizers, including Librium and Valium.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3chemical name formed as \Ibenzo-\i (from \J\Xbenzene\x)\j + \J\Xdi-\x (1)\j + \J\Xazo-\x\j + \J\Xepi-\x\j + \J\X-ine\x (4)\j\c
<hw>benzoic</hw> \K/bEn"z\F'\nUIk/\k \Iadj.\i \IChem\i containing or derived from benzoin or benzoic acid. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbenzoin\x\j + \J\X-ic\x\j\c
<hw>benzoic acid</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i a white crystalline substance used as a food preservative. Chem. formula: C7H6O2.\Kformula\k
<hw>benzoin</hw> \K/"bEnz\F'\nUIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBot\i a fragrant gum resin obtained from various E. Asian trees of the genus \IStyrax,\i and used in the manufacture of perfumes and incense; \Ialso called\i \Igum benjamin.\i\p\B2\b \IChem.\i a white crystalline aromatic ketone present in this. \BEtymology:\b \3earlier \Ibenjoin,\i ultimately from Arabic \Iluban jawi\i 'incense of Java'\c
<hw>benzol</hw> \K/"bEnzQl/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bbenzole\b \K/-z\F'\nUl/\k) \IChem\i benzene, esp. unrefined and used as a fuel.
<hw>benzoquinone</hw> \K/bEnz\F'\nU"kwIn\F'\nUn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i a yellow crystalline compound related to benzene but having the hydrogen atoms on a pair of opposite carbon atoms replaced by oxygen. Chem. formula: C6H4O2.\Knew f. OERD Aug 94\k
<hw>benzoyl</hw> \K/"bEnz\F'\nUIl/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(usu. \Battrib.)\b\i \IChem.\i the radical C6H5CO-.
<hw>benzyl</hw> \K/"bEnzVIl/, /-zIl/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(usu. \Battrib.)\b\i \IChem.\i the radical C6H5CH2-.
<hw>bequeath</hw> \K/bI"kwi:D/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b leave (a personal estate) to a person by a will.\p\B2\b hand down to posterity. \Bbequeathal\b\p\In.\i\p\Bbequeather\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibecwethan\i (as \J\Xbe-\x,\j \Icwethan\i 'say': cf. \J\Xquoth\x)\j\c
<hw>bequest</hw> \K/bI"kwEst/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or an instance of bequeathing.\p\B2\b a thing bequeathed. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, from \J\Xbe-\x\j + obsolete \Iquiste\i from Old English \I-cwiss,\i \Icwide\i 'saying, testament'\c
<hw>Berber</hw> \K/"b\F'\n:b\F'\n/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPeople\i a member of the indigenous mainly Muslim Caucasian peoples of N. Africa.\p\B2\b \ILanguage\i the language of these peoples. \Iadj.\i of the Berbers or their language. \BEtymology:\b \3Arabic \Ibarbar\i\c
<hw>berberis</hw> \K/"b\F'\n:b\F'\nrIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i = \J\Xbarberry\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin & Old French, of unknown origin\c
\B\Iberceuse\b\i \K/bE:"s\F'\n:z/, French /bers{z/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B\Iberceuses\b\i \Ipronunc.\i same) \IMus\i\p\B1\b a lullaby.\p\B2\b an instrumental piece in the style of a lullaby. \BEtymology:\b \3French, from \Ibercer\i 'to rock'\c
<hw>bereave</hw> \K/bI"ri:v/\k \Iv.tr.\i \I(foll. by \Bof)\b\i deprive of a relation, friend, etc., esp. by death. \Bbereaved\b \Iadj.\i \Bbereavement\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibereafian\i (as \J\Xbe-\x,\j \J\Xreave\x)\j\c
<hw>bereft</hw> \K/bI"rEft/\k \Iadj.\i \I(foll. by \Bof)\b\i deprived (esp. of a non-material asset) \3(bereft of hope).\c \BEtymology:\b \3past part. of \J\Xbereave\x\j\c
<hw>beret</hw> \K/"bEreI/, /-ri/\k\p\In.\i\p\IClothing\i a round flattish cap of felt or cloth. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IbΘret\i 'Basque cap' from Provenτal \Iberret\i\c
<hw>berg (2)</hw> \K/b\F'\n:g/\k\p\In.\i\p\BS.Afr.\b \IGeog\i a mountain or hill. \BEtymology:\b \3Afrikaans from Dutch\c
<hw>bergamot (1)</hw> \K/"b\F'\n:g\F'\nmQt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBot\i an aromatic herb, esp. Mentha citrata.\p\B2\b an oily perfume extracted from the rind of the fruit of the citrus tree Citrus bergamia, a dwarf variety of the Seville orange tree.\p\B3\b the tree itself. \BEtymology:\b \3\IBergamo\i in N. Italy\c
<hw>bergamot (2)</hw> \K/"b\F'\n:g\F'\nmQt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a variety of fine pear. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ibergamotte\i via Italian \Ibergamotta\i from Turkish \Ibegarmudu\i 'prince's pear', from \Ibeg\i 'prince' + \Iarmud\i 'pear' + \I-u\i possessive suffix\c
<hw>bergschrund</hw> \K/"b\F'\n:gSrUnd/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeog Geol\i a crevasse or gap at the head of a glacier or nΘvΘ. \BEtymology:\b \3German\c
<hw>berg wind</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BS.Afr.\b \IMeteorol\i a hot dry northerly wind blowing from the interior to coastal districts.
<hw>beribboned</hw> \K/bI"rIb(\F'\n)nd/\k \Iadj.\i decorated with ribbons.\Knew f. corpus, incomings, Sept 94\k
<hw>beriberi</hw> \K/bErI"bEri/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a disease causing inflammation of the nerves and heart failure, due to a deficiency of vitamin B1. \BEtymology:\b \3Sinhalese, from \Iberi\i 'weakness'\c
<hw>berk</hw> \K/b\F'\n:k/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bburk)\b \BBrit.\b \Islang\i a fool; a stupid person. \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation of \IBerkeley\i or \IBerkshire Hunt,\i rhyming slang for \Icunt\i\c Despite its etymology, this word is not usually considered to be obscene.
<hw>berkelium</hw> \K/b\F'\n:"ki:lI\F'\nm/, /"b\F'\n:klI\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i a transuranic radioactive metallic element produced by bombardment of americium (symbol \BBk).\b\Ksymb\k \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from \IBerkeley\i in California (where it was first made) + \J\X-ium\x\j\c
<hw>Berliner</hw> \K/b\F'\n:"lIn\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPeople\i\p\B1\b a native or citizen of Berlin in Germany.\p\B2\b \IFood\i a lightly fried yeast bun with jam filling and vanilla icing. \BEtymology:\b \3German\c
<hw>berm</hw> \K/b\F'\n:m/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IGeog\i a narrow path or grass strip beside a road, canal, etc.\p\B2\b \IFortification\i a narrow ledge, esp. in a fortification between a ditch and the base of a parapet.\p\B3\b an artificial ridge or embankment.\Ksense 3 new f. Incs. Sept 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iberme\i from Dutch \Iberm\i\c
<hw>Bermuda shorts</hw> \K/b\F'\n"mju:d\F'\n/\k \In.pl.\i (also \BBermudas)\b \IFashion\i close-fitting shorts reaching the knees. \BEtymology:\b \3\IBermuda\i in the W. Atlantic\c
<hw>Bermuda triangle</hw> \K/b\F'\n"mju:d\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\INaut\i an area of the western Atlantic where ships and aircraft are reported to have disappeared without trace.
<hw>berry</hw> \K/"bEri/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \IFood\i any small roundish juicy fruit without a stone.\p\B2\b \IBot.\i a fruit with its seeds enclosed in a pulp (e.g. a banana, tomato, etc.).\p\B3\b any of various kernels or seeds (e.g. coffee bean etc.).\p\B4\b \IZool\i a fish egg or roe of a lobster etc. \Iv.intr.\i \B(-ies,\b \B-ied)\b\p\B1\b (usu. as \Bberrying\b \In.)\i go gathering berries.\p\B2\b form a berry; bear berries. \Bberried\b \Iadj.\i \I(also in \Bcomb.).\b\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iberie,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>berserk</hw> \K/b\F'\n"s\F'\n:k/, /-z-/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i (esp. in \Bgo berserk)\b wild, frenzied; in a violent rage.\p\In.\i\p(also \Bberserker\b \K/-k\F'\n/\k) an ancient Norse warrior who fought with a wild frenzy. \BEtymology:\b \3Icelandic \Iberserkr\i \I(n.)\i probably from \Ibern-\i \J\Xbear\x (2)\j + \Iserkr\i 'coat'\c
<hw>berth</hw> \K/b\F'\n:T/\k \In. & v.\i \INaut. etc.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a fixed bunk on a ship, train, etc., for sleeping in.\p\B2\b a ship's place at a wharf.\p\B3\b room for a ship to swing at anchor.\p\B4\b adequate sea room.\p\B5\b \Icolloq.\i a situation or appointment.\p\B6\b the proper place for anything.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i moor (a ship) in its berth.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i provide a sleeping place for.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i (of a ship) come to its mooring place.\p\1give a wide berth to\c stay away from. \BEtymology:\b \3probably from nautical use of \J\Xbear\x (1)\j + \J\X-th\x (2)\j\c
<hw>bertha</hw> \K/"b\F'\n:T\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFashion\i\p\B1\b a deep falling collar often of lace.\p\B2\b a small cape on a dress. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iberthe\i from \IBerthe\i 'Bertha' (the name)\c
<hw>beryl</hw> \K/"bErIl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMineral\i\p\B1\b a kind of transparent precious stone, esp. pale green, blue, or yellow, consisting of beryllium aluminium silicate in a hexagonal form.\p\B2\b a mineral species which includes this, emerald, and aquamarine. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Iberyllus,\i from Greek \Iberullos\i\c
<hw>beryllium</hw> \K/b\F'\n"rIlI\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i a hard white metallic element used in the manufacture of light corrosion-resistant alloys (symbol \BBe).\b\Ksymb\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xberyl\x\j + \J\X-ium\x\j\c
<hw>beseech</hw> \K/bI"si:tS/\k \Iv.tr.\i \I(past\i and \Ipast part.\i \Bbesought\b \K/-"sO:t/\k or \Bbeseeched)\b\p\B1\b \I(foll. by \Bfor,\b or \Bto\b + infin.)\i entreat.\p\B2\b ask earnestly for. \Bbeseeching\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from \J\Xbe-\x\j + Old English \Isecan\i \J\Xseek\x\j\c
<hw>beset</hw> \K/bI"sEt/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(besetting;\b \Ipast\i and \Ipast part.\i \Bbeset)\b\p\B1\b attack or harass persistently \3(beset by worries).\c\p\B2\b surround or hem in (a person etc.).\p\B3\b \Iarchaic\i cover round with \3(beset with pearls).\c\p\1besetting sin\c the sin that especially or most frequently tempts one.\Kbesetment omitted May 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibesettan,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>beside</hw> \K/bI"sVId/\k \Iprep.\i\p\B1\b at the side of; near.\p\B2\b compared with.\p\B3\b irrelevant to \3(beside the point).\c\p\1beside oneself\c overcome with worry, anger, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibe sidan\i (as \J\Xby\x,\j \J\Xside\x)\j\c
<hw>besides</hw> \K/bI"sVIdz/\k \Iprep. & adv.\i \Iprep.\i in addition to; apart from. \Iadv.\i also; as well; moreover. Note the difference in meaning between the prepositions \Ibeside\i and \Ibesides.\i \IBeside\i was in the past used to mean 'in addition to, apart from', but this is now rare.
<hw>besiege</hw> \K/bI"si:dZ/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b lay siege to.\p\B2\b crowd round oppressively.\p\B3\b harass with requests. \Bbesieger\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from \Iassiege\i by substitution of \J\Xbe-\x,\j via Old French \Iasegier\i from Romanic\c
<hw>besmear</hw> \K/bI"smI\F'\n/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b smear with a greasy or sticky substance.\p\B2\b sully (a reputation etc.). \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibismierwan\i (as \J\Xbe-\x,\j \J\Xsmear\x)\j\c
<hw>besmirch</hw> \K/bI"sm\F'\n:tS/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b soil, discolour.\p\B2\b dishonour; sully the reputation or name of. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbe-\x\j + \J\Xsmirch\x\j\c
<hw>besom</hw> \K/"bi:z(\F'\n)m/, /"bIz-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a broom made of twigs tied round a stick.\p\B2\b \Besp. N.Engl.\b \Iderog.\i or \Ijoc.\i a woman. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibesema,\i from West Germanic\c
<hw>besought</hw> \I\Ipast\i and \Ipast part.\i of\i \J\Xbeseech\x.\j
<hw>bespangle</hw> \K/bI"spaNg(\F'\n)l/\k \Iv.tr.\i adorn with spangles.
<hw>bespatter</hw> \K/bI"spat\F'\n/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b spatter (an object) all over.\p\B2\b spatter (liquid etc.) about.\p\B3\b overwhelm with abuse etc.
<hw>bespeak</hw> \K/bI"spi:k/\k \Iv.tr.\i \I(past\i \Bbespoke\b \K/-"sp\F'\nUk/\k; \Ipast part.\i \Bbespoken\b \K/-"sp\F'\nUk(\F'\n)n/\k or as \Iadj.\i \Bbespoke)\b\p\B1\b engage in advance.\p\B2\b order (goods).\p\B3\b suggest; be evidence of \3(his gift bespeaks a kind heart).\c\p\B4\b \Iliterary\i speak to. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibisprecan\i (as \J\Xbe-\x,\j \J\Xspeak\x)\j\c
<hw>bespoke</hw> \K/bI"sp\F'\nUk/\k \I\Ipast\i and \Ipast part.\i of\i \J\Xbespeak\x.\j \Iadj.\i \BBrit.\b \ICommerce\i\p\B1\b (of goods, esp. clothing) made to order.\p\B2\b (of a tradesman) making goods to order.
<hw>besprinkle</hw> \K/bI"sprINk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b sprinkle or strew all over with liquid etc.\p\B2\b sprinkle (liquid etc.) over. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English (as \J\Xbe-\x,\j \J\Xsprinkle\x)\j\c
<hw>Bessemer converter</hw> \K/"bEsIm\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i a special furnace used to purify pig-iron using the Bessemer process. \BEtymology:\b \3Sir H. \IBessemer,\i English engineer d. 1898\c
<hw>Bessemer process</hw> \K/"bEsIm\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i a process once widely used, in which air is blown through molten pig-iron to remove carbon, silicon, and other impurities in order to render it suitable for making steel.
<hw>best</hw> \K/bEst/\k \Iadj., adv., n., & v.\i \Iadj.\i \I(superl.\i of \J\Xgood\x)\j of the most excellent or outstanding or desirable kind \3(my best work;\c \2the best solution;\c \2the best thing to do would be to confess).\c \Iadv.\i \I(superl.\i of \J\Xwell\x (1))\j\p\B1\b in the best manner \3(does it best).\c\p\B2\b to the greatest degree \3(like it best).\c\p\B3\b most usefully \3(is best ignored).\c\p\In.\i\p\B1\b that which is best \3(the best is yet to come).\c\p\B2\b the chief merit or advantage \3(brings out the best in him).\c\p\B3\b \I(foll. by \Bof)\b\i a winning majority of (a certain number of games etc. played) \3(the best of five).\c\p\B4\b = \J\XSunday best\x.\j \Iv.tr.\i \Icolloq.\i defeat, outwit, outbid, etc.\p\1all the best\c an expression used to wish a person good fortune.\p\1as best one can\c (or \Bmay)\b as effectively as possible under the circumstances.\p\1at best\c on the most optimistic view.\p\1at one's best\c in peak condition etc.\p\1at the best of times\c even in the most favourable circumstances.\p\1be for (or all for) the best\c be desirable in the end.\p\1the best part of\c most of.\p\1do one's best\c do all one can.\p\1get the best of\c defeat, outwit.\p\1give a person (or thing) best\c \I(also \Babsol.)\b\i \BBrit.\b admit the superiority of; give way to.\p\1had best\c would find it wisest to.\p\1make the best of\c derive what limited advantage one can from (something unsatisfactory or unwelcome); put up with.\p\1to the best of one's ability, knowledge, etc.\c as far as one can do, know, etc.\p\1with the best of them\c as well as anyone. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibetest\i \I(adj.),\i \Ibet(o)st\i \I(adv.),\i from Germanic\c
<hw>best bower</hw> \Isee\i \J\Xbower\x (2).\j
<hw>best boy</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Besp. US\b \ICinematog.\i the assistant to the chief electrician of a film crew.\Knew word in COD9 f. NSOED Aug 93\k
<hw>best buy</hw>\p\In.\i\pthe purchase giving the best value in proportion to its price; a bargain.
<hw>best end of neck</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ICookery\i the rib end of a neck of lamb etc. for cooking.
<hw>bestial</hw> \K/"bEstI\F'\nl/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b brutish, cruel, savage.\p\B2\b sexually depraved; lustful.\p\B3\b of or like a beast. \Bbestialize\b \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise).\b \Bbestially\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French and Late Latin \Ibestialis\i from Latin \Ibestia\i 'beast'\c
<hw>bestiality</hw> \K/bEstI"alIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b bestial behaviour or an instance of this.\p\B2\b \ISex\i sexual intercourse between a person and an animal. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IbestialitΘ\i (as \J\Xbestial\x)\j\c
<hw>bestiary</hw> \K/"bEstI\F'\nri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b a moralizing medieval treatise on real and imaginary beasts. \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Ibestiarium\i from Latin \Ibestia\i 'beast'\c
<hw>bestir</hw> \K/bI"st\F'\n:/\k \Iv.refl.\i \B(bestirred,\b \Bbestirring)\b exert or rouse (oneself).
<hw>best-known</hw> \Iattrib.adj.\i most well-known; most famous \3(his best-known novel).\c\Knew f. corpus Sept 94\k
<hw>best man</hw>\p\In.\i\pthe bridegroom's chief attendant at a wedding.
<hw>bestow</hw> \K/bI"st\F'\nU/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \I(foll. by \Bon,\b \Bupon)\b\i confer (a gift, right, etc.).\p\B2\b deposit. \Bbestowal\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from \J\Xbe-\x\j + Old English \Istow\i 'a place'\c
<hw>bestrew</hw> \K/bI"stru:/\k \Iv.tr.\i \I(past part.\i \Bbestrewed\b or \Bbestrewn\b \K/-"stru:n/\k)\p\B1\b \I(foll. by \Bwith)\b\i cover or partly cover (a surface).\p\B2\b scatter (things) about.\p\B3\b lie scattered over. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibestreowian\i (as \J\Xbe-\x,\j \J\Xstrew\x)\j\c
<hw>bestride</hw> \K/bI"strVId/\k \Iv.tr.\i \I(past\i \Bbestrode\b \K/-"str\F'\nUd/\k; \Ipast part.\i \Bbestridden\b \K/-"strId(\F'\n)n/\k)\p\B1\b sit astride on.\p\B2\b stand astride over. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibestridan\i\c
<hw>best-seller</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a book or other item that has sold in large numbers.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b the author of such a book. \Bbest-selling\b \Iadj.\i\K-ing new f. corpus Sept 94\k
<hw>bet</hw> \K/bEt/\k \Iv. & n.\i \IGambling\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B(betting;\b \Ipast\i and \Ipast part.\i \Bbet\b or \Bbetted)\b\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bon\b or \Bagainst\b with reference to the outcome)\i risk a sum of money etc. against another's on the basis of the outcome of an unpredictable event (esp. the result of a race, game, etc., or the outcome in a game of chance).\p\B2\b \Itr.\i risk (an amount) on such an outcome or result \3(bet ú10 on a horse).\c\p\B3\b \Itr.\i risk a sum of money against (a person).\p\B4\b \Itr.\i \Icolloq.\i feel sure \3(bet they've forgotten it).\c\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act of betting \3(make a bet).\c\p\B2\b the money etc. staked \3(put a bet on).\c\p\B3\b \Icolloq.\i an opinion, esp. a quickly formed or spontaneous one \3(my bet is that he won't come).\c\p\B4\b \Icolloq.\i a choice or course of action \3(she's our best bet).\c\p\1you bet\c \Icolloq.\i you may be sure. \BEtymology:\b \316th c.: perhaps a shortened form of \J\Xabet\x\j\c
<hw>beta</hw> \K/"bi:t\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ILinguistics\i the second letter of the Greek alphabet (B, \Fb\n).\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b a second-class mark given for a piece of work or in an examination.\p\B3\b \B(Beta)\b \IAstron.\i the second (usu. second-brightest) star in a constellation (foll. by Latin genitive: \2Beta Tauri).\c\p\B4\b the second member of a series. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Latin from Greek\c
<hw>beta blocker</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPharm.\i a drug that prevents the stimulation of increased cardiac action, used to treat angina and reduce high blood pressure.
<hw>beta decay</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i radioactive decay in which an electron is emitted.\Knew f. Coll. Oct 93\k
<hw>betake</hw> \K/bI"teIk/\k \Iv.refl.\i \I(past\i \Bbetook\b \K/bI"tUk/\k; \Ipast part.\i \Bbetaken\b \K/bI"teIk(\F'\n)n/\k) \I(foll. by \Bto)\b\i go to (a place or person).
<hw>beta particle</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bbeta ray)\b \IPhysics\i a fast-moving electron emitted by radioactive decay of substances (originally regarded as rays).
<hw>beta rhythm</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bbeta waves\b \Ipl.)\i \IPhysiol.\i \IPsychol.\i the normal electrical activity of the brain when conscious and alert, with a frequency of approx. 18 to 25 hertz.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k
<hw>beta test</hw> \In. & v.\i \IComputing etc.\i\p\In.\i\pa test of machinery, software, etc., in the final stages of its development, carried out by a party unconnected with its development. \Iv.tr.\i subject (a product) to a beta test.\Knew word in COD9 f. News, NSOED Aug 93\k
<hw>betatron</hw> \K/"bi:t\F'\ntrQn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i an apparatus for accelerating electrons in a circular path by magnetic induction. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbeta\x\j + \J\X-tron\x\j\c
<hw>betel</hw> \K/"bi:t(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i the leaf of the Asian evergreen climbing plant Piper betle, chewed in the East with parings of the areca nut. \BEtymology:\b \3Portuguese from Malayalam \Ivettila\i\c
<hw>betel-nut</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i the areca nut.
\B\IbΩte noire\b\i \K/beIt "nwA:/, French /bEt nwar/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B\IbΩtes noires\b\i \Ipronunc.\i same) a person or thing one particularly dislikes or fears. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = black beast\c
<hw>bethink</hw> \K/bI"TINk/\k \Iv.refl.\i \I(past\i and \Ipast part.\i \Bbethought\b \K/-"TO:t/\k) \I(foll. by \Bof,\b \Bhow,\b or \Bthat\b + clause)\i \Iformal\i\p\B1\b reflect; stop to think.\p\B2\b be reminded by reflection. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibithencan\i from Germanic (as \J\Xbe-\x,\j \J\Xthink\x)\j\c
<hw>betide</hw> \K/bI"tVId/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\I(only in infin. and 3rd sing. subjunctive)\i \Iesp. poet.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i happen to \3(woe betide him).\c\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i happen \3(whate'er may betide).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from obsolete \Itide\i 'befall' from Old English \Itidan\i\c
<hw>betimes</hw> \K/bI"tVImz/\k \Iadv.\i \Iliterary\i early; in good time. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from obsolete \Ibetime\i (as \J\Xby\x,\j \J\Xtime\x)\j\c
\B\IbΩtise\b\i \K/beI"ti:z/, French /betiz/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a foolish or ill-timed remark or action.\p\B2\b a piece of folly. \BEtymology:\b \3French\c
<hw>betoken</hw> \K/bI"t\F'\nUk(\F'\n)n/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b be a sign of; indicate.\p\B2\b augur. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English (as \J\Xbe-\x,\j \Itacnian\i 'signify': see \J\Xtoken\x)\j\c
<hw>betony</hw> \K/"bEt\F'\nni/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IBot\i\p\B1\b a purple-flowered plant, Stachys officinalis.\p\B2\b any of various similar plants. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ibetoine\i from Latin \Ibetonica\i\c
<hw>betook</hw> \I\Ipast\i of\i \J\Xbetake\x.\j
<hw>betray</hw> \K/bI"treI/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b place (a person, one's country, etc.) in the hands or power of an enemy.\p\B2\b be disloyal to (another person, a person's trust, etc.).\p\B3\b reveal involuntarily or treacherously; be evidence of \3(his shaking hand betrayed his fear).\c\p\B4\b lead astray or into error. \Bbetrayal\b\p\In.\i\p\Bbetrayer\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from obsolete \Itray,\i ultimately from Latin \Itradere\i 'hand over'\c
<hw>betroth</hw> \K/bI"tr\F'\nUD/, /-T/\k \Iv.tr.\i (usu. as \Bbetrothed\b \Iadj.)\i bind with a promise to marry. \Bbetrothal\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from \J\Xbe-\x\j + \Itrouthe,\i \Itreuthe\i \J\Xtruth\x,\j later assimilated to \J\Xtroth\x\j\c
<hw>better (1)</hw> \K/"bEt\F'\n/\k \Iadj., adv., n., & v.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \I(compar.\i of \J\Xgood\x)\j of a more excellent or outstanding or desirable kind \3(a better product;\c \2it would be better to go home).\c\p\B2\b \I(compar.\i of \J\Xwell\x (1))\j partly or fully recovered from illness \3(feeling better).\c \Iadv.\i \I(compar.\i of \J\Xwell\x (1))\j\p\B1\b in a better manner \3(she sings better).\c\p\B2\b to a greater degree \3(like it better).\c\p\B3\b more usefully or advantageously \3(is better forgotten).\c\p\In.\i\p\B1\b that which is better \3(the better of the two).\c\p\B2\b \I(usu. in \Bpl.;\b\i \Iprec. by \Bmy\b etc.)\i one's superior in ability or rank \3(take notice of your betters).\c\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i improve on; surpass \3(I can better his offer).\c\p\B2\b \Itr.\i make better; improve.\p\B3\b \Irefl.\i improve one's position etc.\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i become better; improve.\p\1the better part of\c most of.\p\1for better or for worse\c on terms accepting all results; whatever the outcome.\p\1get the better of\c defeat, outwit; win an advantage over.\p\1go one better\c\p\B1\b outbid etc. by one.\p\B2\b outdo another person.\p\1had better\c would find it wiser to. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibetera,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>better (2)</hw> \K/"bEt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bbettor)\b \IGambling\i a person who bets.
<hw>better half</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Icolloq.\i one's wife or husband.
<hw>betterment</hw> \K/"bEt\F'\nm(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b making better; improvement.\p\B2\b \IEcon.\i enhanced value (of real property) arising from local improvements.
<hw>better off</hw> \Iadj.\i in a better (esp. financial) position.
<hw>betting</hw> \K/"bEtIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGambling\i\p\B1\b gambling by risking money on an unpredictable outcome.\p\B2\b the odds offered in this.\p\1what's the betting?\c \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i it is likely or to be expected \3(what's the betting he'll be late?).\c
<hw>betting shop</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IGambling\i a bookmaker's shop or office.
<hw>bettor</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xbetter\x (2).\j
<hw>between</hw> \K/bI"twi:n/\k \Iprep. & adv.\i \Iprep.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b at or to a point in the area or interval bounded by two or more other points in space, time, etc. \3(broke down between London and Dover;\c \2we must meet between now and Friday).\c \Bb\b along the extent of such an area or interval \3(there are five shops between here and the main road;\c \2works best between five and six;\c \2the numbers between 10 and 20).\c\p\B2\b separating, physically or conceptually \3(the distance between here and Leeds;\c \2the difference between right and wrong).\c\p\B3\b \Ba\b by combining the resources of \3(great potential between them;\c \2between us we could afford it).\c \Bb\b shared by; as the joint resources of \3(ú5 between them).\c \Bc\b by joint or reciprocal action \3(an agreement between us;\c \2sorted it out between themselves).\c\p\B4\b to and from \3(runs between London and Sheffield).\c\p\B5\b taking one and rejecting the other of \3(decide between eating here and going out).\c \Iadv.\i (also \Bin between)\b at a point or in the area bounded by two or more other points in space, time, sequence, etc. \3(not fat or thin but in between).\c\p\1between ourselves\c (or \Byou and me)\b in confidence.\p\1between times\c (or \Bwhiles)\b in the intervals between other actions; occasionally. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibetweonum,\i from Germanic (as \J\Xby\x,\j \J\Xtwo\x)\j\c Use in sense 3 with reference to more than two people or things is established and acceptable (e.g. \Irelations between Britain,\i \IFrance,\i \Iand Germany).\i
<hw>betwixt</hw> \K/bI"twIkst/\k \Iprep. & adv.\i \Iarchaic\i between.\p\1betwixt and between\c \Icolloq.\i neither one thing nor the other. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibetweox,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>bevatron</hw> \K/"bEv\F'\ntrQn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i a synchrotron used to accelerate protons to energies in the billion electronvolt range. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\XBeV\x\j + \J\X-tron\x\j\c
<hw>bevel</hw> \K/"bEv(\F'\n)l/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\ICarpentry etc.\i\p\B1\b a slope from the horizontal or vertical in carpentry and stonework; a sloping surface or edge.\p\B2\b (in full \Bbevel square)\b \ITools\i a tool for marking angles in carpentry and stonework.\p\Iv.\i\p\B(bevelled,\b \Bbevelling;\b \BUS\b \Bbeveled,\b \Bbeveling)\b\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \ICarpentry etc.\i reduce (a square edge) to a sloping edge.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i slope at an angle; slant. \BEtymology:\b \3Old French diminutive of \Iba∩f\i 'open-mouthed' from \Ibaer\i 'gape'\c
<hw>bevel gear</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMech\i a gear working another gear at an angle to it by means of bevel wheels.
<hw>bevel wheel</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMech\i a toothed wheel whose working face is oblique to the axis.
<hw>beverage</hw> \K/"bEv(\F'\n)rIdZ/\k\p\In.\i\p\IDrink\i \Iesp. formal\i a drink \3(hot beverage;\c \2alcoholic beverage).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ibe(u)vrage,\i ultimately from Latin \Ibibere\i 'drink'\c
<hw>bevvy</hw> \K/"bEvi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IDrink\i \Islang\i a drink, esp. an alcoholic one.\Knew f. SOED Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation of \J\Xbeverage\x\j\c
<hw>bevy</hw> \K/"bEvi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \IZool\i a flock of quails or larks.\p\B2\b a company or group (originally of women). \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English: origin unknown\c
<hw>beware</hw> \K/bI"wE:/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\I(only in \Bimper.\b or \Binfin.)\b\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bof,\b or \Bthat,\b \Blest,\b etc. + clause)\i be cautious, take heed \3(beware of the dog;\c \2told us to beware;\c \2beware that you don't fall).\c\p\B2\b \Itr.\i be cautious of \3(beware the Ides of March).\c \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbe\x\j + \J\Xware\x (3)\j\c
<hw>bewhiskered</hw> \K/bI"wIsk\F'\nd/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b having whiskers.\p\B2\b very old.\Knew f. corpus Sept 94\k
<hw>Bewick's swan</hw> \K/"bju:Iks/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool.\i a swan of northern Eurasia, a race of Cygnus columbianus.\Knew f. NSOED, OERD Oct 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3T. \IBewick\i (d. 1828), English engraver and naturalist\c
<hw>bewigged</hw> \K/bI"wIgd/\k \Iadj.\i wearing a wig.\Knew f. corpus Sept 94\k
<hw>bewitch</hw> \K/bI"wItS/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b enchant; greatly delight.\p\B2\b cast a spell on. \Bbewitching\b \Iadj.\i \Bbewitchingly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from \J\Xbe-\x\j + Old English \Iwiccian\i 'enchant', from \Iwicca\i \J\Xwitch\x (1)\j\c
<hw>bey</hw> \K/beI/\k\p\In.\i\p\Ihist.\i (in the Ottoman Empire) the title of a governor of a province. \BEtymology:\b \3Turkish, = prince, governor\c
<hw>beyond</hw> \K/bI"jQnd/\k \Iprep., adv., & n.\i \Iprep.\i\p\B1\b at or to the further side of \3(beyond the river).\c\p\B2\b outside the scope, range, or understanding of \3(beyond repair;\c \2beyond a joke;\c \2it is beyond me).\c\p\B3\b more than. \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b at or to the further side.\p\B2\b further on.\p\In.\i\p\I(prec. by \Bthe)\b\i the unknown after death.\p\1the back of beyond\c \Isee\i \J\Xback\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibeg(e)ondan\i (as \J\Xby\x,\j \J\Xyon\x,\j \J\Xyonder\x)\j\c
<hw>bezant</hw> \K/"bEz(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ICurrency\i \Ihist.\i a gold or silver coin originally minted at Byzantium.\p\B2\b \IHeraldry\i a gold roundel. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ibesanz -ant\i from Latin \IByzantius\i 'Byzantine'\c
<hw>bezel</hw> \K/"bEz(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ICarpentry etc.\i the sloped edge of a chisel.\p\B2\b the oblique faces of a cut gem.\p\B3\b \Ba\b a groove holding a watch-glass or gem. \Bb\b a rim holding a glass etc. cover. \BEtymology:\b \3Old French source of modern French \IbΘseau,\i \Ibizeau,\i of unknown origin\c
<hw>bezique</hw> \K/bI"zi:k/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICards\i\p\B1\b a card game for two with a double pack of 64 cards, including the seven to ace only in each suit.\p\B2\b a combination of the queen of spades and the jack of diamonds in this game. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IbΘsigue,\i perhaps from Persian \Ibazigar\i 'juggler'\c
<hw>bezoar</hw> \K/"bi:zO:/, /"bEz\F'\nUA:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a small stone which may form in the stomachs of certain animals, esp. ruminants, and which was once used as an antidote for various ailments. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ibezoard,\i ultimately from Persian \Ipadzahr\i 'antidote', Arabic \Ibazahr\i\c
<hw>bhaji</hw> \K/"bA:dZi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bbhajis)\b \ICookery\i\p\B1\b an Indian dish of fried vegetables.\p\B2\b a small flat cake or ball of this, fried in batter \3(onion bhaji).\c\Knew in COD9 f. NEWS, corpus Feb 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Hindi \Ibhaji\i 'fried vegetables'\c
<hw>bhang</hw> \K/baN/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPharm\i the dried leaves of Indian hemp. \BEtymology:\b \3Portuguese \Ibangue,\i Persian & Urdu \Ibang\i later assimilated to Hindi \Ibhan,\i from Sanskrit \Ibhanga\i\c
<hw>bhangra</hw> \K/"bA:Ngr\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMus.\i a kind of pop music that combines Punjabi folk traditions with Western pop music.\Knew word in COD9 f. OMED, NSOED Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Punjabi \Ibhangra,\i a traditional folk dance\c
<hw>bharal</hw> \K/"bVr(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bburhel)\b \IZool\i a Himalayan wild sheep, Pseudois nayaur, with blue-black coat and horns curved rearward. \BEtymology:\b \3Hindi\c
<hw>Bi</hw> \Isymb.\i \IChem.\i the element bismuth.
<hw>bi</hw> \K/bVI/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Islang\i = \J\Xbisexual\x.\j\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED FEb 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation\c
<hw>bi-</hw> \K/bVI/\k \Icomb. form\i (often \Bbin-\b before a vowel) forming nouns and adjectives meaning:\p\B1\b having two; a thing having two \3(bilateral;\c \2binaural;\c \2biplane).\c\p\B2\b \Ba\b occurring twice in every one or once in every two \3(biweekly).\c \Bb\b lasting for two \3(biennial).\c\p\B3\b doubly; in two ways \3(biconcave).\c\p\B4\b \IChem.\i a substance having a double proportion of the acid etc. indicated by the simple word \3(bicarbonate).\c\p\B5\b \IBot.\i & \IZool.\i (of division and subdivision) twice over \3(bipinnate).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Latin\c
<hw>biannual</hw> \K/bVI"anjU\F'\nl/\k \Iadj.\i occurring, appearing, etc., twice a year \I(cf.\i \J\Xbiennial\x).\j \Bbiannually\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>bias</hw> \K/"bVI\F'\ns/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Btowards,\b \Bagainst)\b\i a predisposition or prejudice.\p\B2\b \IStatistics\i a systematic distortion of a statistical result due to a factor not allowed for in its derivation.\p\B3\b \INeedlework etc.\i an edge cut obliquely across the weave of a fabric.\p\B4\b \IBowls\i \Ba\b the irregular shape given to a bowl. \Bb\b the oblique course this causes it to run.\p\B5\b \IElectr.\i a steady voltage, magnetic field, etc., applied to an electronic system or device. \Iv.tr.\i \B(biased,\b \Bbiasing;\b \Bbiassed,\b \Bbiassing)\b\p\B1\b (esp. as \Bbiased\b \Iadj.)\i influence (usu. unfairly); prejudice.\p\B2\b give a bias to.\p\1on the bias\c obliquely, diagonally. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ibiais,\i of unknown origin\c
<hw>bias binding</hw>\p\In.\i\p\INeedlework etc.\i a strip of fabric cut obliquely and used to bind edges.
<hw>bias-ply</hw> \Iadj.\i \BUS\b \IMotoring\i = \J\Xcross-ply\x.\j\Knew f. F. Abate, AHD, Nov 94\k
<hw>biathlon</hw> \K/bVI"aTlQn/, /-l\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISport\i an athletic contest in skiing and shooting or in cycling and running.\Kcycling and running new in COD9 Aug 93\k \Bbiathlete\b \K/-li:t/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbi-\x,\j on the pattern of \J\Xpentathlon\x\j\c
<hw>biaxial</hw> \K/bVI"aksI\F'\nl/\k \Iadj.\i \ICrystallog\i (esp. of crystals) having two axes along which polarized light travels with equal velocity.
<hw>bib (1)</hw> \K/bIb/\k\p\In.\i\p\IClothing\i\p\B1\b a piece of cloth or plastic fastened round a child's neck to keep the clothes clean while eating.\p\B2\b the top front part of an apron, dungarees, etc.\p\B3\b \IZool\i the edible marine fish Trisopterus luscus of the cod family; \Ialso called\i \Ipout.\i\p\1best bib and tucker\c best clothes.\p\1stick (or poke etc.) one's bib in\c \BAustral.\b \Islang\i interfere. \BEtymology:\b \3perhaps from \J\Xbib\x (2)\j\c
<hw>bib (2)</hw> \K/bIb/\k \Iv.intr.\i \B(bibbed,\b \Bbibbing)\b \Iarchaic\i drink much or often. \Bbibber\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, perhaps from Latin \Ibibere\i 'drink'\c
<hw>bib-cock</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPlumbing\i a tap with a bent nozzle fixed at the end of a pipe. \BEtymology:\b \3perhaps from \J\Xbib\x (1)\j + \J\Xcock\x (1)\j\c
<hw>bibelot</hw> \K/"bIb\F'\nl\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\pa small curio or artistic trinket. \BEtymology:\b \3French\c
<hw>Bible</hw> \K/"bVIb(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the Christian scriptures consisting of the Old and New Testaments. \Bb\b the Jewish scriptures. \Bc\b \B(bible)\b any copy of these \3(three bibles on the table).\c \Bd\b a particular edition of the Bible \3(New English Bible).\c\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i any authoritative book \3(the Britannica is his Bible).\c\p\B3\b the scriptures of any religion. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French and ecclesiastical Latin from Greek \Ibiblia\i 'books', originally diminutive of \Ibiblos,\i \Ibublos\i 'papyrus'\c
<hw>biblical</hw> \K/"bIblIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i (also \BBiblical)\b \IRelig\i\p\B1\b of, concerning, or contained in the Bible.\p\B2\b resembling the language of the Authorized Version of the Bible. \Bbiblically\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>biblio-</hw> \K/"bIblI\F'\nU/\k \Icomb. form\i denoting a book or books. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek from \Ibiblion\i 'book'\c
<hw>bibliography</hw> \K/bIblI"Qgr\F'\nfi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IBibliog\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a list of the books referred to in a scholarly work, usu. printed as an appendix. \Bb\b a list of the books of a specific author or publisher, or on a specific subject, etc.\p\B2\b \Ba\b the history or description of books, including authors, editions, etc. \Bb\b any book containing such information. \Bbibliographer\b\p\In.\i\p\Bbibliographic\b \K/-\F'\n"grafIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Bbibliographical\b \K/-\F'\n"grafIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Bbibliographically\b \K/-\F'\n"grafIk(\F'\n)li/\k \Iadv.\i \Bbibliographize\b \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise).\b \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ibibliographie\i from modern Latin \Ibibliographia,\i from Greek (as \J\XBible\x,\j \J\X-graphy\x)\j\c
<hw>bibliomancy</hw> \K/"bIblI\F'\n(U)mansi/\k\p\In.\i\pforetelling the future by the analysis of a randomly chosen passage from a book, esp. the Bible.
<hw>bibliomania</hw> \K/%bIblI\F'\n(U)"meInI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pan extreme enthusiasm for collecting and possessing books. \Bbibliomaniac\b \K/-nIak/\k \In. & adj.\i
<hw>bibliophile</hw> \K/"bIblI\F'\nfVIl/\k\p\In.\i\pa person who collects or is fond of books. \Bbibliophilic\b \K/-"fIlIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Bbibliophily\b \K/-"QfIli/\k\p\In.\i\p\K-phil omitted Jan 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ibibliophile\i (as \J\Xbiblio-\x,\j \J\X-phile\x)\j\c
<hw>bibliopole</hw> \K/"bIblI\F'\np\F'\nUl/\k\p\In.\i\pa seller of (esp. rare) books.\Kbibliopoly omitted Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ibibliopola\i from Greek \Ibibliopoles,\i from \Ibiblion\i 'book' + \Ipoles\i 'seller'\c
<hw>bibulous</hw> \K/"bIbjUl\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i \IDrink\i given to drinking alcoholic liquor. \Bbibulously\b \Iadv.\i \Bbibulousness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ibibulus\i 'freely drinking' from \Ibibere\i 'drink'\c
<hw>bicameral</hw> \K/bVI"kam(\F'\n)r(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \ILaw Parl\i (of a parliament or legislative body) having two chambers. \Bbicameralism\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbi-\x\j + Latin \Icamera\i 'chamber'\c
<hw>bicarbonate</hw> \K/bVI"kA:b\F'\nneIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IChem.\i any acid salt of carbonic acid.\p\B2\b (in full \Bbicarbonate of soda)\b sodium bicarbonate used as an antacid or in baking powder.
<hw>bice</hw> \K/bVIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i\p\B1\b any of various pigments made from blue or green basic copper carbonate.\p\B2\b any similar pigment made from smalt.\p\B3\b a shade of blue or green given by these. \BEtymology:\b \3originally = brownish grey, from Old French \Ibis\i 'dark grey', of unknown origin\c
<hw>bicentenary</hw> \K/bVIsEn"ti:n\F'\nri/, /-"tEn-/, /bVI"sEntIn-/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \IHorol\i a two-hundredth anniversary.\p\B2\b a celebration of this. \Iadj.\i of or concerning a bicentenary.
<hw>bicentennial</hw> \K/bVIsEn"tEnI\F'\nl/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\IHorol\i a bicentenary. \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b lasting two hundred years or occurring every two hundred years.\p\B2\b of or concerning a bicentenary.
<hw>bicephalous</hw> \K/bVI"sEf(\F'\n)l\F'\ns/, /-"kEf-/\k \Iadj.\i \IAnat\i having two heads. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbi-\x\j + Greek \Ikephale\i 'head' + \J\X-ous\x\j\c
<hw>biceps</hw> \K/"bVIsEps/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i same) \IAnat\i a muscle having two heads or attachments at one end, esp. the muscle which bends the elbow. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = two-headed (as \J\Xbi-\x\j + -\Iceps\i from \Icaput\i 'head')\c
<hw>bicker</hw> \K/"bIk\F'\n/\k \Iv.intr.\i\p\B1\b quarrel pettily; wrangle.\p\B2\b \Ipoet.\i \Ba\b (of a stream, rain, etc.) patter (over stones etc.). \Bb\b (of a flame, light, etc.) flash, flicker. \Bbickerer\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English \Ibiker,\i \Ibeker,\i of unknown origin\c
<hw>bicky</hw> \K/"bIki/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bbikky)\b \I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IFood\i \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i a biscuit.\Knew word in COD9 f. NSOED Aug 93\k
<hw>bicolour</hw> \K/"bVIkVl\F'\n/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i having two colours.\p\In.\i\p\IBot Zool\i a bicolour blossom or animal.
<hw>biconcave</hw> \K/bVI"kQnkeIv/\k \Iadj.\i \IPhysics\i (esp. of a lens) concave on both sides.
<hw>biconvex</hw> \K/bVI"kQnvEks/\k \Iadj.\i \IPhysics\i (esp. of a lens) convex on both sides.
<hw>bicultural</hw> \K/bVI"kVltS(\F'\n)r(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i having or combining two cultures.
<hw>bicuspid</hw> \K/bVI"kVspId/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IAnat\i \Iadj.\i having two cusps or points.\p\In.\i\pa tooth with two cusps, esp. a human premolar tooth. \Bbicuspidate\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbi-\x\j + Latin \Icuspis -idis\i 'sharp point'\c
<hw>bicycle</hw> \K/"bVIsIk(\F'\n)l/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\ITransport\i a vehicle of two wheels held in a frame one behind the other, propelled by pedals and steered with handlebars attached to the front wheel. \Iv.intr.\i ride a bicycle. \Bbicycler\b\p\In.\i\p\Bbicyclist\b \K/-klIst/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French from \J\Xbi-\x\j + Greek \Ikuklos\i 'wheel'\c
<hw>bicycle chain</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMech\i a chain transmitting power from the bicycle pedals to the wheels.\Khyphen removed on corpus evidence Aug 93\k
<hw>bicycle clip</hw>\p\In.\i\peither of two metal clips used to confine a cyclist's trousers at the ankle.\Khyphen removed on corpus evidence Aug 93\k
<hw>bicycle pump</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMech\i a portable pump for inflating bicycle tyres.\Khyphen removed on corpus evidence Aug 93\k
<hw>bicyclic</hw> \K/bVI"sVIklIk/, /-"sIk-/\k \Iadj.\i \IChem.\i having two (usu. fused) rings of atoms in the molecular structure.\Knew from NSOED Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbi-\x\j + \J\Xcyclic\x\j\c
<hw>bid</hw> \K/bId/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B(bidding;\b \Ipast\i \Bbid,\b \Iarchaic\i \Bbade\b \K/beId/, /bad/\k; \Ipast part.\i \Bbid,\b \Iarchaic\i \Bbidden\b \K/"bId(\F'\n)n/\k)\p\B1\b \Itr. & intr.\i \I(past\i and \Ipast part.\i \Bbid)\b \I(often foll. by \Bfor,\b \Bagainst)\b\i \Ba\b (esp. at an auction) offer (a certain price) \3(did not bid for the vase;\c \2bid against the dealer;\c \2bid ú20).\c \Bb\b offer to do work etc. for a stated price.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \Iarchaic\i or \Iliterary\i \Ba\b command; order \3(bid the soldiers shoot).\c \Bb\b invite \3(bade her start).\c\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \Iarchaic\i or \Iliterary\i \Ba\b utter (greeting or farewell) to \3(I bade him welcome).\c \Bb\b proclaim (defiance etc.).\p\B4\b \I(past\i and \Ipast part.\i \Bbid)\b \ICards\i \Ba\b \Iintr.\i state before play how many tricks one intends to make. \Bb\b \Itr.\i state (one's intended number of tricks).\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b (esp. at an auction) an offer (of a price) \3(a bid of ú5).\c \Bb\b an offer (to do work, supply goods, etc.) at a stated price; a tender.\p\B2\b \ICards\i a statement of the number of tricks a player proposes to make.\p\B3\b \Icolloq.\i an attempt; an effort \3(a bid for power).\c\p\1bid fair to\c seem likely to.\p\1make a bid for\c try to gain \3(made a bid for freedom).\c \Bbidder\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibiddan\i 'ask' from Germanic, & Old English \Ibeodan\i 'offer, command'\c
<hw>biddable</hw> \K/"bId\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b obedient.\p\B2\b \ICards\i (of a hand or suit) suitable for being bid. \Bbiddability\b \K/-"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>bidding</hw> \K/"bIdIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the offers at an auction.\p\B2\b \ICards\i the act of making a bid or bids.\p\B3\b a command, request, or invitation.
<hw>bidding prayer</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i a prayer inviting the congregation to join in.
<hw>biddy</hw> \K/"bIdi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \Islang\i \Iderog.\i a woman \3(esp. old biddy).\c \BEtymology:\b \3pet form of the name \IBridget\i\c
<hw>bide</hw> \K/bVId/\k \Iv.intr.\i \Iarchaic\i or \Idial.\i remain; stay.\p\1bide one's time\c await one's best opportunity. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibidan,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>bidet</hw> \K/"bi:deI/\k\p\In.\i\pa low oval basin used esp. for washing the genital area. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = pony\c
<hw>bidirectional</hw> \K/bVIdI"rEkS(\F'\n)n(\F'\n)l/, /-dVI-/\k \Iadj.\i functioning in two directions.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k
<hw>Biedermeier</hw> \K/"bi:d\F'\nmVI\F'\n/\k \Iattrib.adj.\i \IFurniture etc.\i\p\B1\b (of styles, furnishings, etc.) characteristic of the period 1815-48 in Germany.\p\B2\b \Iderog.\i conventional; bourgeois. \BEtymology:\b \3\IBiedermaier\i a fictitious German poet created by L. Eichrodt (1854)\c
<hw>biennial</hw> \K/bVI"EnI\F'\nl/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b lasting two years.\p\B2\b recurring every two years \I(cf.\i \J\Xbiannual\x).\j\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBot.\i a plant that takes two years to grow from seed to fruition and die \I(cf.\i \J\Xannual\x,\j \J\Xperennial\x).\j\p\B2\b an event celebrated or taking place every two years. \Bbiennially\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ibiennis\i (as \J\Xbi-\x,\j \Iannus\i 'year')\c
<hw>biennium</hw> \K/bVI"EnI\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bbienniums\b or \Bbiennia\b \K/-nI\F'\n/\k) a period of two years. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin (as \J\Xbiennial\x)\j\c
<hw>bier</hw> \K/bI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pa movable frame on which a coffin or a corpse is placed, or taken to a grave. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iber,\i from the Germanic base of \J\Xbear\x (1)\j\c
<hw>biffin</hw> \K/"bIfIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IBot\i a dark red cooking apple. \BEtymology:\b \3= \Ibeefing\i from \J\Xbeef\x\j + \J\X-ing\x (1),\j with reference to the colour\c
<hw>bifid</hw> \K/"bVIfId/\k \Iadj.\i divided by a deep cleft into two parts. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ibifidus\i (as \J\Xbi-\x,\j \Ifidus\i from stem of \Ifindere\i 'cleave')\c
<hw>bifocal</hw> \K/bVI"f\F'\nUk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IPhysics\i \Iadj.\i having two focuses, esp. of a lens with a part for distant vision and a part for near vision.\p\In.\i\p\I(in \Bpl.)\b\i bifocal spectacles.
<hw>BIFU</hw> \K/"bIfu:/\k \Iabbr.\i Banking, Insurance, and Finance Union.\Knew word in COD9 f. corpus, dict. of abbrevs. Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3acronym\c
<hw>bifurcate</hw> \Iv. & adj.\i \Iv.tr. & intr.\i \K/"bVIf\F'\nkeIt/\k divide into two branches; fork. \Iadj.\i\K/bVI"f\F'\n:k\F'\nt/\k forked; branched. \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Ibifurcare\i from Latin \Ibifurcus\i 'two-forked' (as \J\Xbi-\x,\j \Ifurca\i 'fork')\c
<hw>bifurcation</hw> \K/bVIf\F'\n"keIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a division into two branches. \Bb\b either or both of such branches.\p\B2\b the point of such a division.
<hw>big</hw> \K/bIg/\k \Iadj. & adv.\i \Iadj.\i \B(bigger,\b \Bbiggest)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b of considerable size, amount, intensity, etc. \3(a big mistake;\c \2a big helping).\c \Bb\b of a large or the largest size \3(big toe;\c \2big drum).\c\p\B2\b important; significant; outstanding \3(the big race;\c \2my big chance).\c\p\B3\b \Ba\b grown-up \3(a big boy now).\c \Bb\b elder \3(big sister).\c\p\B4\b \Icolloq.\i \Ba\b boastful \3(big words).\c \Bb\b often \Iiron.\i generous \3(big of him).\c \Bc\b ambitious \3(big ideas).\c\p\B5\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bwith)\b\i advanced in pregnancy; fecund \3(big with child;\c \2big with consequences).\c \Iadv.\i \Icolloq.\i in a big manner, esp.:\p\B1\b effectively \3(went over big).\c\p\B2\b boastfully \3(talk big).\c\p\B3\b ambitiously \3(think big).\c\p\1the Big Three, Four, etc.\c the dominant group of three, four, etc.\p\1the big time\c \Islang\i success in a profession, esp. show business.\p\Bcome (or go) over big\b make a great effect.\p\1in a big way\c\p\B1\b on a large scale.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i with great enthusiasm, display, etc.\p\Blook (or talk) big\b boast.\p\Bthink big\b be ambitious.\p\1too big for one's boots\c (or \Bbreeches)\b \Islang\i conceited. \Bbiggish\b \Iadj.\i \Bbigness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English: origin unknown\c
<hw>bigamy</hw> \K/"bIg\F'\nmi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \ILaw\i the crime of marrying when already married to another person. \Bbigamist\b\p\In.\i\p\Bbigamous\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ibigamie\i from \Ibigame\i bigamous, from Late Latin \Ibigamus\i (as \J\Xbi-\x,\j Greek \Igamos\i 'marriage')\c
<hw>Big Apple</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b \Islang\i New York City.
<hw>big band</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMus\i a large jazz or pop orchestra.
<hw>big bang</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B(also Big Bang)\b\p\B1\b \ISci Philos Astron\i the explosion of dense matter, postulated as the origin of the universe.\p\B2\b \IStock Exch.\i (in the UK) the introduction in 1986 of important changes in the regulations and procedures for trading, esp. the widening of membership, the relaxation of rules for brokers, and the introduction of computerized communications.
<hw>Big Ben</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IHorol\i the great clock tower of the Houses of Parliament and its bell.
<hw>Big Board</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BUS\b \IStock Exch\i \Icolloq.\i the New York Stock Exchange.
<hw>big end</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMech\i (in a motor vehicle) the end of the connecting rod that encircles the crankpin.
<hw>Bigfoot</hw> \K/"bIgfUt/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \BBigfeet)\b \IMythol\i a supposed yeti-like animal of NW America; \Ialso called\i \ISasquatch.\i\Knew f. incomings, COD box Sep 94\k \Kpl. form f. incomings Dec 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3from the size of its footprints\c
<hw>big game</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IHunting\i large animals hunted for sport.
<hw>biggie</hw> \K/"bIgi/\k\p\In.\i\p\Icolloq.\i a big person or thing; an important event.\Knew word in COD8 f. corpus, NSOED Aug 93\k
<hw>big-head</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Icolloq.\i a conceited person. \Bbig-headed\b \Iadj.\i \Bbig-headedness\b\p\In.\i\p\Kbig-headed, -headedness subsumed as POD8 Aug 92 aaw\k
<hw>big-hearted</hw> \Iadj.\i generous.
<hw>bighorn</hw> \K/"bIghO:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i an American sheep, Ovis canadensis, esp. native to the Rocky Mountains.
<hw>big house</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the principal house in a village etc.\p\B2\b \ICriminol\i \Islang\i a prison.
<hw>bight</hw> \K/bVIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IGeog\i a curve or recess in a coastline, river, etc.\p\B2\b a loop of rope. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibyht,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>big idea</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Ioften iron.\i an important intention or scheme.
<hw>big league</hw> \In. & adj.\i \BN. Amer.\b\p\In.\i\pa top league in a professional sport, esp. baseball \I(often hyphenated when \Battrib.:\b\i \2big-league teams).\c \Iattrib.adj.\i \B(big-league)\b \Icolloq.\i major; top; outstanding.\Knew f. F. Abate Oct 94\k
<hw>big lie</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Besp. US\b an intentional distortion of facts, esp. by a politician, official body, etc.\Knew f. incomings, corpus, F. Abate oct 94\k
<hw>big money</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IFinance\i large amounts of money; high profit; high pay.
<hw>big name</hw>\p\In.\i\pa famous person \I(hyphenated when \Battrib.:\b\i \2big-name guests).\c
<hw>bigot</hw> \K/"bIg\F'\nt/\k\p\In.\i\pan obstinate and intolerant believer in a religion, political theory, etc. \Bbigotry\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \316th c. from French: origin unknown\c
<hw>bigoted</hw> \K/"bIg\F'\ntId/\k \Iadj.\i unreasonably prejudiced and intolerant.
<hw>big smoke</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Islang\i\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b London.\p\B2\b any large town.
<hw>big stick</hw>\p\In.\i\pa display of force.
<hw>big-timer</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Islang\i a person who achieves success.\Kthe big time idm at big\k
<hw>big top</hw>\p\In.\i\pthe main tent in a circus.
<hw>big tree</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BUS\b \IBot\i the giant sequoia, Sequoiadendron giganteum.
<hw>big wheel</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a Ferris wheel.\p\B2\b \BN. Amer.\b \Islang\i = \J\Xbigwig\x.\j
<hw>bigwig</hw> \K/"bIgwIg/\k\p\In.\i\p\Icolloq.\i an important person.
\B\Ibijou\b\i \K/"bi:Zu:/, French /biZu/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B\Ibijoux\b\i \Ipronunc.\i same) a jewel; a trinket. \Iattrib.adj.\i \B(bijou)\b small and elegant. \BEtymology:\b \3French\c
\B\Ibijouterie\b\i \K/bi:"Zu:t(\F'\n)ri/, French /bijutri/\k\p\In.\i\pjewellery; trinkets. \BEtymology:\b \3French (as \J\Xbijou\x,\j \J\X-ery\x)\j\c
<hw>bike</hw> \K/bVIk/\k \In. & v.\i \ITransport\i \Icolloq.\i\p\In.\i\pa bicycle or motorcycle. \Iv.intr.\i ride a bicycle or motorcycle. \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation\c
<hw>biker</hw> \K/"bVIk\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITransport\i a cyclist, esp. a motorcyclist.
<hw>bikini</hw> \K/bI"ki:ni/\k\p\In.\i\p\IClothing\i a two-piece swimsuit for women. \BEtymology:\b \3\IBikini,\i an atoll in the Marshall Islands in the Pacific where an atom bomb was exploded in 1946, from the supposed 'explosive' effect\c
<hw>bikini line</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IFashion\i the area of skin around the edge of the bottom half of a bikini, esp. with reference to the cosmetic removal of the pubic hair in this area.\Knew f. corpus Nov 93\k
<hw>bikky</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xbicky\x.\j
<hw>bilabial</hw> \K/bVI"leIbI\F'\nl/\k \Iadj.\i \IPhonet.\i (of a sound etc.) made with closed or nearly closed lips.
<hw>bilateral</hw> \K/bVI"lat(\F'\n)r(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of, on, or with two sides.\p\B2\b affecting or between two parties, countries, etc. \3(bilateral negotiations).\c \Bbilaterally\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>bilateral symmetry</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IGeom\i the property of being divisible into symmetrical halves on either side of a unique plane.
<hw>bilberry</hw> \K/"bIlb(\F'\n)ri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IBot\i\p\B1\b a hardy dwarf shrub, Vaccinium myrtillus, of N. Europe, growing on heaths and mountains, and having red drooping flowers and dark blue berries.\p\B2\b the small blue edible berry of this species.\p\B3\b any of various shrubs of the genus \IVaccinium\i having dark blue berries. \BEtymology:\b \3origin uncertain: perhaps from Scandinavian\c
<hw>bilbo</hw> \K/"bIlb\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os\b or \B-oes)\b \IMil\i \Ihist.\i a sword noted for the temper and elasticity of its blade. \BEtymology:\b \3\IBilboa\i = Bilbao in Spain, noted for the manufacture of fine blades\c
<hw>bilboes</hw> \K/"bIlb\F'\nUz/\k \In.pl.\i \Ihist.\i an iron bar with sliding shackles for a prisoner's ankles. \BEtymology:\b \316th c.: origin unknown\c
\B\IBildungsroman\b\i \K/"bIldUNzr\F'\nU%mA:n/, German /"bIldUNzro%mA:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILiterature\i a novel dealing with one person's early life and development. \BEtymology:\b \3German, from \IBildung\i 'education' + \IRoman\i 'novel'\c
<hw>bile</hw> \K/bVIl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysiol\i\p\B1\b a bitter greenish-brown alkaline fluid which aids digestion and is secreted by the liver and stored in the gall bladder.\p\B2\b bad temper; peevish anger. \BEtymology:\b \3French from Latin \Ibilis\i\c
<hw>bile duct</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAnat\i the duct which conveys bile from the liver and the gall bladder to the duodenum.\K2 words as in ODSWE Aug 93\k
<hw>bi-level</hw> \K/"bVIlEv(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b having or functioning on two levels; arranged on two planes.\p\B2\b \BN. Amer.\b designating a style of two-storey house in which the lower storey is partially sunk below ground level, and the main entrance is between the two storeys.\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b a bi-level house.\Knew word in COD9 f. News Aug 93\k
<hw>bilge</hw> \K/bIldZ/\k \In. & v.\i \INaut\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the area on the outer surface of a ship's hull where the flat bottom meets the vertical sides.\Ksense 1 new f. CED, K. Barber Dec 93\k\p\B2\b \Ba\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i the lowest internal portion of the hull. \Bb\b (in full \Bbilge water)\b filthy water that collects inside the bilge.\p\B3\b \Islang\i nonsense; rot \3(don't talk bilge).\c\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i stave in the bilge of (a ship).\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i spring a leak in the bilge.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i swell out; bulge. \BEtymology:\b \3probably variant of \J\Xbulge\x\j\c
<hw>bilge keel</hw>\p\In.\i\p\INaut\i a plate or timber fastened under the bilge of a ship to prevent rolling.
<hw>bilharzia</hw> \K/bIl"hA:tsI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed Zool\i\p\B1\b a chronic disease, endemic in parts of Africa and S. America, caused by infestation with blood flukes (schistosomes). \IAlso called\i \Ibilharziasis,\i \Ischistosomiasis.\i\p\B2\b = \J\Xschistosome\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin former genus name, from T. \IBilharz,\i German physician d. 1862\c
<hw>biliary</hw> \K/"bIlI\F'\nri/\k \Iadj.\i \IAnat\i of the bile. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ibiliaire:\i see \J\Xbile\x,\j \J\X-ary\x (2)\j\c
<hw>bilingual</hw> \K/bVI"lINgw(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \ILinguistics\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b able to speak two languages, esp. fluently.\p\B2\b spoken or written in two languages.\p\In.\i\pa bilingual person. \Bbilingualism\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ibilinguis\i (as \J\Xbi-\x,\j \Ilingua\i 'tongue')\c
<hw>bilious</hw> \K/"bIlI\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IMed\i affected by a disorder of the bile.\p\B2\b bad-tempered. \Bbiliously\b \Iadv.\i \Bbiliousness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ibiliosus\i from \Ibilis\i 'bile'\c
<hw>bilirubin</hw> \K/bIlI"ru:bIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiochem\i an orange-yellow pigment formed by breakdown of haemoglobin and occurring in bile. \BEtymology:\b \3German from Latin \Ibilis\i \J\Xbile\x\j + \Iruber\i 'red'\c
<hw>bilk</hw> \K/bIlk/\k \Iv.tr.\i \Islang\i\p\B1\b cheat.\p\B2\b give the slip to.\p\B3\b avoid paying (a creditor or debt). \Bbilker\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3origin uncertain, perhaps = \J\Xbaulk\x:\j earliest use (17th c.) in cribbage, = spoil one's opponent's score\c
<hw>bill (1)</hw> \K/bIl/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ICommerce\i \Ba\b a printed or written statement of charges for goods supplied or services rendered. \Bb\b the amount owed \3(ran up a bill of ú300).\c\p\B2\b \ILaw\i a draft of a proposed law.\p\B3\b \Ba\b a poster; a placard. \Bb\b = \J\Xhandbill\x.\j\p\B4\b \ITheatr\i \Ba\b a printed list, esp. a theatre programme. \Bb\b the entertainment itself \3(top of the bill).\c\p\B5\b \BN. Amer.\b \ICommerce\i a banknote \3(ten-dollar bill).\c \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b put in the programme; announce.\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bas)\b\i advertise.\p\B3\b send a note of charges to \3(billed him for the books).\c \Bbillable\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Anglo-French \Ibille,\i Anglo-Latin \Ibilla,\i probably alteration of medieval Latin \Ibulla\i 'seal, sealed documents, \J\Xbull\x (2)\j'\c
<hw>bill (2)</hw> \K/bIl/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\IAnat\i\p\B1\b the beak of a bird, esp. when it is slender, flattened, or weak, or belongs to a web-footed bird or a bird of the pigeon family.\p\B2\b the muzzle of a platypus.\p\B3\b a narrow promontory.\p\B4\b \INaut.\i the point of an anchor-fluke. \Iv.intr.\i (of doves etc.) stroke a bill with a bill.\p\1bill and coo\c exchange caresses. \Bbilled\b \Iadj.\i \I(usu. in \Bcomb.).\b\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibile,\i of unknown origin\c
<hw>bill (3)</hw> \K/bIl/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMil\i \Ihist.\i a weapon like a halberd with a hook instead of a blade.\p\B2\b \IAgriculture\i = \J\Xbillhook\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibil,\i from West Germanic\c
<hw>billabong</hw> \K/"bIl\F'\nbQN/\k\p\In.\i\p\BAustral.\b \IGeog\i a branch of a river forming a backwater or a stagnant pool. \BEtymology:\b \3Wiradhuri \Ibilabang\i (originally as the name of the Bell River, NSW)\c
<hw>billboard</hw> \K/"bIlbO:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i a large outdoor board for advertisements etc.
<hw>billet (1)</hw> \K/"bIlIt/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMil\i \Ba\b a place where troops etc. are lodged, usu. with civilians. \Bb\b a written order requiring a householder to lodge the bearer, usu. a soldier.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i a situation; a job. \Iv.tr.\i \B(billeted,\b \Bbilleting)\b \IMil\i\p\B1\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bon,\b \Bin,\b \Bat)\b\i quarter (soldiers etc.).\p\B2\b (of a householder) provide (a soldier etc.) with board and lodging. \Bbilletee\b \K/-"ti:/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bbilleter\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Anglo-French \Ibillette,\i Anglo-Latin \Ibilletta,\i diminutive of \Ibilla\i \J\Xbill\x (1)\j\c
<hw>billet (2)</hw> \K/"bIlIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a thick piece of firewood.\p\B2\b a small metal bar.\p\B3\b \IArchit.\i each of a series of short rolls inserted at intervals in Norman decorative mouldings. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from French \Ibillette\i 'small log', ultimately probably of Celtic origin\c
<hw>billet-doux</hw> \K/bIlI"du:/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bbillets-doux\b \K/-"du:z/\k) \Ioften joc.\i a love letter. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = sweet note\c
<hw>billfold</hw> \K/"bIlf\F'\nUld/\k\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b a wallet for keeping banknotes.
<hw>billhead</hw> \K/"bIlhEd/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i a printed account form.
<hw>billhook</hw> \K/"bIlhUk/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAgriculture Tools\i a sickle-shaped tool with a sharp inner edge, used for pruning, lopping, etc.
<hw>billiards</hw> \K/"bIlj\F'\ndz/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBilliards\i\p\B1\b a game played on an oblong cloth-covered table, with three balls struck with cues into pockets round the edge of the table.\p\B2\b \B(billiard)\b \I(in \Bcomb.)\b\i used in billiards \3(billiard ball;\c \2billiard table).\c \BEtymology:\b \3originally pl., from French \Ibillard\i 'billiards, cue', diminutive of \Ibille\i 'log': see \J\Xbillet\x (2)\j\c
<hw>billion</hw> \K/"bIlj\F'\nn/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i same or (in sense 3 of \In.)\i \Bbillions)\b \I(in \Bsing.\b prec. by \Ba\b or \Bone)\b\i\p\B1\b a thousand million (1,000,000,000 or 109).\p\B2\b (now less often, \Besp. Brit.)\b a million million (1,000,000,000,000 or 1012).\p\B3\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \Icolloq.\i a very large number \3(billions of years).\c \Iadj.\i that amount to a billion. \Bbillionth\b \Iadj. & n.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French (as \J\Xbi-\x,\j \J\Xmillion\x)\j\c
<hw>billionaire</hw> \K/bIlj\F'\n"nE:/\k\p\In.\i\pa person possessing over a billion pounds, dollars, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3on the pattern of \Imillionaire\i\c
<hw>bill of exchange</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IEcon.\i a written order to pay a sum of money on a given date to the drawer or to a named payee.
<hw>bill of fare</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ICookery\i a menu.\p\B2\b \ITheatr\i a programme (for a theatrical event).
<hw>bill of goods</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b \ICommerce\i a consignment of merchandise.\p\1sell a person a bill of goods\c deceive a person.\Knew f. F. Abate, incomings Sep 94\k
<hw>bill of health</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \INaut.\i \IMed\i a certificate regarding infectious disease on a ship or in a port at the time of sailing.\p\B2\b (in phr. \Bclean bill of health)\b \Ba\b such a certificate stating that there is no disease. \Bb\b a declaration that a person or thing examined has been found to be free of illness or in good condition.
<hw>bill of indictment</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Ihist.\i or \BUS\b \ILaw\i a written accusation as presented to a grand jury.
<hw>bill of lading</hw>\p\In.\i\p\INaut.\i\p\B1\b a shipmaster's detailed list of the ship's cargo.\p\B2\b \BUS\b = \J\Xwaybill\x.\j
<hw>Bill of Rights</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ILaw\i the English constitutional settlement of 1689.\p\B2\b \ILaw\i (in the US) the original constitutional amendments of 1791.\p\B3\b a statement of the rights of a class of people.
<hw>bill of sale</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IEcon.\i a certificate of transfer of personal property, esp. as a security against debt.
<hw>billon</hw> \K/"bIl\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem Metallurgy\i an alloy of gold or silver with a predominating admixture of a base metal. \BEtymology:\b \3French from \Ibille\i \J\Xbillet\x (2)\j\c
<hw>billow</hw> \K/"bIl\F'\nU/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a wave.\p\B2\b a soft upward-curving flow.\p\B3\b any large soft mass. \Iv.intr.\i move or build up in billows. \Bbillowy\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old Norse \Ibylgja,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>billposter</hw> \K/"bIlp\F'\nUst\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bbillsticker\b \K/-stIk\F'\n/\k) a person who pastes up advertisements on hoardings. \Bbillposting\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>billy (1)</hw> \K/"bIli/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b (in full \Bbillycan\b \K/"bIlIkan/\k) \Borig. Austral.\b \ICookery\i a tin or enamel cooking pot with a lid and wire handle, for use out of doors. \BEtymology:\b \3perhaps from Aboriginal \Ibilla\i 'water'\c
<hw>billy goat</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a male goat. \BEtymology:\b \3\IBilly,\i pet form of the name \IWilliam\i\c
<hw>billy-o</hw> \K/"bIlI\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\1like billy-o\c \BBrit.\b \Islang\i very much, hard, strongly, etc. \3(raining like billy-o).\c \BEtymology:\b \319th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>bilobate</hw> \K/bVI"l\F'\nUbeIt/\k \Iadj.\i (also \Bbilobed\b \K/-"l\F'\nUbd/\k) \IAnat\i having or consisting of two lobes.
<hw>biltong</hw> \K/"bIltQN/\k\p\In.\i\p\BS.Afr.\b \IFood\i boneless meat salted and dried in strips. \BEtymology:\b \3Afrikaans from Dutch \Ibil\i 'buttock' and \Itong\i 'tongue'\c
<hw>BIM</hw> \Iabbr.\i British Institute of Management.
<hw>bimanal</hw> \K/"bIm\F'\nn(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i (also \Bbimanous\b \K/-n\F'\ns/\k) \IAnat\i having two hands. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbi-\x\j + Latin \Imanus\i 'hand'\c
<hw>bimbo</hw> \K/"bImb\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b \Islang\i \Iusu. derog.\i\p\B1\b a woman, esp. a young empty-headed one.\p\B2\b a person. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian, = little child\c
<hw>bi-media</hw> \K/bVI"mi:dI\F'\n/\k \Iattrib.adj.\i \BBrit.\b \IBroadcasting\i involving or working in two of the mass communication media, esp. radio and television.\Knew in COD9 f. NEWS Feb 94\k
<hw>bimetallic</hw> \K/bVImI"talIk/\k \Iadj.\i \IMetallurgy\i\p\B1\b made of two metals.\p\B2\b of or relating to bimetallism. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IbimΘtallique\i (as \J\Xbi-\x,\j \J\Xmetallic\x)\j\c
<hw>bimetallic strip</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMetallurgy Physics\i a sensitive element in some thermostats made of two bands of different metals that expand at different rates when heated, causing the strip to bend and thus to break a circuit.
<hw>bimetallism</hw> \K/bVI"mEt(\F'\n)lIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMetallurgy\i a system of allowing the unrestricted currency of two metals (e.g. gold and silver) at a fixed ratio to each other, as coined money. \Bbimetallist\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>bimillenary</hw> \K/bVImI"lEn\F'\nri/, /-"li:n-/; /bVI"mIl\F'\nn\F'\nri/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i of or relating to a two-thousandth anniversary.\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IHorol\i a bimillenary year or festival.
<hw>bimodal</hw> \K/bVI"m\F'\nUd(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Iesp. Statistics\i having two modes.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k
<hw>bimonthly</hw> \K/bVI"mVnTli/\k \Iadj., adv., & n.\i \Iadj.\i \IHorol\i occurring twice a month or every two months. \Iadv.\i \IHorol\i twice a month or every two months.\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IJournalism\i a periodical produced bimonthly. \IBimonthly,\i \Ibiweekly,\i and \Ibiyearly\i are often avoided, because of the ambiguity of meaning, in favour of \Itwo-monthly\i and \Itwice-monthly\i etc. or \Ievery two months\i and \Itwice a month\i etc.
<hw>bin</hw> \K/bIn/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\pa large receptacle for storage or for depositing rubbish. \Iv.tr.\i \B(binned,\b \Bbinning)\b \Icolloq.\i\p\B1\b store or put in a bin.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b throw away.\Ksense 2 new f. OERD May 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibin(n),\i \Ibinne\i\c
<hw>bin-</hw> \K/bIn/, /bVIn/\k \Iprefix\i \Ivar. of\i \J\Xbi-\x\j before a vowel.
<hw>binary</hw> \K/"bVIn\F'\nri/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b dual. \Bb\b of or involving pairs.\p\B2\b \IMath\i of the arithmetical system using 2 as a base.\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b something having two parts.\p\B2\b a binary number.\p\B3\b a binary star. \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Ibinarius\i from \Ibini\i 'two together'\c
<hw>binary code</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IComputing\i a coding system using the binary digits 0 and 1 to represent a letter, digit, or other character in a computer (see \J\XBCD\x).\j
<hw>binary compound</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i a compound having two elements or radicals.
<hw>binary fission</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBiol\i the division of a cell or organism into two parts.
<hw>binary number</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bbinary digit)\b one of two digits (usu. 0 or 1) in a binary system of notation.
<hw>binary star</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAstron\i a system of two stars orbiting each other.
<hw>binary system</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IComputing\i a system in which information can be expressed by combinations of the digits 0 and 1 (corresponding to 'off' and 'on' in computing).
<hw>binary tree</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IComputing\i a data structure in which a record is branched to the left when greater and to the right when less than the previous record.
<hw>binate</hw> \K/"bVIneIt/\k \Iadj.\i \IBot.\i\p\B1\b growing in pairs.\p\B2\b composed of two equal parts. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \Ibinatus\i from Latin \Ibini\i 'two together'\c
<hw>binaural</hw> \K/bI"nO:r(\F'\n)l/, /bVI-/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of or used with both ears.\p\B2\b \IElectronics\i (of sound) recorded using two microphones and usu. transmitted separately to the two ears.
<hw>bind</hw> \K/bVInd/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\I(past\i and \Ipast part.\i \Bbound\b \K/baUnd/\k) (see also \J\Xbounden\x).\j\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bto,\b \Bon,\b \Btogether)\b\i tie or fasten tightly.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b restrain; put in bonds. \Bb\b (as \B-bound\b \Iadj.)\i constricted, obstructed \3(snowbound).\c\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \Iesp. Cookery\i cause (ingredients) to cohere using another ingredient.\p\B4\b \Itr.\i fasten or hold together as a single mass.\p\B5\b \Itr.\i compel; impose an obligation or duty on.\p\B6\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b \INeedlework\i edge (fabric etc.) with braid etc. \Bb\b \IBookbinding\i fix together and fasten (the pages of a book) in a cover.\p\B7\b \Itr.\i \IMed\i constipate.\p\B8\b \Itr.\i ratify (a bargain, agreement, etc.).\p\B9\b \Itr.\i \I(in \Bpassive)\b\i be required by an obligation or duty \3(am bound to answer).\c\p\B10\b \Itr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bup)\b\i \Ba\b put a bandage or other covering round. \Bb\b fix together with something put round \3(bound her hair).\c\p\B11\b \Itr.\i indenture as an apprentice.\p\B12\b \Iintr.\i (of snow etc.) cohere, stick.\p\B13\b \Iintr.\i be prevented from moving freely.\p\B14\b \Iintr.\i \BBrit.\b \Islang\i complain.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Icolloq.\i a nuisance; a restriction.\p\B2\b = \J\Xbine\x.\j\p\Bbe bound up with\b be closely associated with.\p\Bbind over\b \ILaw\i order (a person) to do something, esp. keep the peace.\p\Bbind up\b bandage.\p\1I'll be bound\c a statement of assurance, or guaranteeing the truth of something. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibindan\i\c
<hw>binder</hw> \K/"bVInd\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a cover for sheets of paper, for a book, etc.\p\B2\b a substance that acts cohesively.\p\B3\b \IAgriculture\i a reaping machine that binds grain into sheaves.\p\B4\b \IBookbinding\i a bookbinder.
<hw>bindery</hw> \K/"bVInd(\F'\n)ri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IBookbinding\i a workshop or factory for binding books.
<hw>bindi-eye</hw> \K/"bIndIVI/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a small perennial Australian plant, Calotis cuneifolia, which has a burlike fruit. \BEtymology:\b \320th c.: perhaps Aboriginal\c
<hw>binding</hw> \K/"bVIndIN/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\IBookbinding etc.\i something that binds, esp. the covers, glue, etc., of a book. \Iadj.\i \I(often foll. by \Bon)\b\i obligatory.
<hw>bindweed</hw> \K/"bVIndwi:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b convolvulus.\p\B2\b any of various climbing plants such as honeysuckle.
<hw>bine</hw> \K/bVIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b the twisting stem of a climbing plant, esp. the hop.\p\B2\b a flexible shoot. \BEtymology:\b \3originally a dialect form of \J\Xbind\x\j\c
<hw>bin-end</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IDrink\i one of the last bottles from a bin of wine, usu. sold at a reduced price.
<hw>Binet-Simon test</hw> \K/"bi:neI%si:mQ~/\k \Iadj.\i (also \BBinet test)\b \IPsychol.\i a test used to measure intelligence, esp. of children. \BEtymology:\b \3A. \IBinet\i d. 1911 and T. \ISimon\i d. 1961, French psychologists\c
<hw>binge</hw> \K/bIn(d)Z/\k \In. & v.\i \Islang\i\p\In.\i\p\IDrink\i a spree; a period of uncontrolled eating, drinking, etc. \Iv.intr.\i \B(bingeing\b or \Bbinging)\b go on a spree; indulge in uncontrolled eating, drinking, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3probably originally dialect, = soak\c
<hw>bingo</hw> \K/"bINg\F'\nU/\k \In. & int.\i\p\In.\i\p\IGames\i a game for any number of players, each having a card of squares with numbers, which are marked off as numbers are randomly drawn by a caller. \Iint.\i expressing sudden surprise, satisfaction, etc., as in winning at bingo. \BEtymology:\b \3probably imitative: cf. dialect \Ibing\i 'with a bang'\c
<hw>bin liner</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b a bag (usu. of plastic) for lining a rubbish bin.
<hw>binman</hw> \K/"bInman/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-men)\b \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i a dustman.
<hw>binnacle</hw> \K/"bIn\F'\nk(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\INaut\i a built-in housing for a ship's compass. \BEtymology:\b \3earlier \Ibittacle,\i ultimately from Latin \Ihabitaculum\i 'habitation' from \Ihabitare\i 'inhabit'\c
<hw>binocular</hw> \K/bI"nQkjUl\F'\n/\k \Iadj.\i adapted for or using both eyes. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbin-\x\j + Latin \Ioculus\i 'eye'\c
<hw>binoculars</hw> \K/bI"nQkjUl\F'\nz/\k \In.pl.\i an optical instrument with a lens for each eye, for viewing distant objects.
<hw>binocular vision</hw>\p\In.\i\pvision using two eyes with overlapping fields of view, allowing good perception of depth.\Knew after OERD Apr 94\k
<hw>binomial</hw> \K/bVI"n\F'\nUmI\F'\nl/\k \In. & adj.\i \IMath\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an algebraic expression of the sum or the difference of two terms.\p\B2\b \IMath Biol\i a two-part name, esp. in taxonomy. \Iadj.\i consisting of two terms. \Bbinomially\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ibin⌠me\i or modern Latin \Ibinomium\i (as \J\Xbi-\x,\j Greek \Inomos\i 'part, portion')\c
<hw>binomial distribution</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IStatistics\i a frequency distribution of the possible number of successful outcomes in a given number of trials in each of which there is the same probability of success.
<hw>binomial nomenclature</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool Bot\i a system of classification using two terms, the first one indicating the genus and the second the species.
<hw>binomial theorem</hw>\p\In.\i\pa formula for finding any power of a binomial without multiplying at length.
<hw>bint</hw> \K/bInt/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \Islang\i usu. \Ioffens.\i a girl or woman. \BEtymology:\b \3Arabic, = daughter, girl\c
<hw>binturong</hw> \K/"bIntjUrQN/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a civet, Arctictis binturong, of S. Asia, with a shaggy black coat and a prehensile tail. \BEtymology:\b \3Malay\c
<hw>bio-</hw> \K/"bVI\F'\nU/\k \Icomb. form\i\p\B1\b life \3(biography).\c\p\B2\b biological \3(biomathematics).\c\p\B3\b of living beings \3(biophysics).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ibios\i '(course of) human life'\c
<hw>bioassay</hw> \K/%bVI\F'\nU\F'\n"seI/\k\p\In.\i\pmeasurement of the concentration or potency of a substance by its effect on living cells or tissues. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbio-\x\j + \J\Xassay\x\j\c\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k
<hw>biochemistry</hw> \K/bVI\F'\n(U)"kEmIstri/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiochem\i the study of the chemical and physico-chemical processes of living organisms. \Bbiochemical\b \Iadj.\i \Bbiochemist\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>biocide</hw> \K/"bVI\F'\nsVId/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a poisonous substance, esp. a pesticide.\p\B2\b the destruction of life.\Knew f. Incs, NSOED Sept 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbio-\x\j + \J\X-cide\x\j\c
<hw>biocoenosis</hw> \K/%bVI\F'\n(U)sI"n\F'\nUsIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Bbiocenosis)\b \I(pl.\i \B-noses\b \K/-si:z/\k) \IBiol\i\p\B1\b an association of different organisms forming a community.\p\B2\b the relationship existing between such organisms. \Bbiocoenology\b \K/-"nQl\F'\ndZi/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bbiocoenotic\b \K/-"nQtIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from \J\Xbio-\x\j + Greek \Ikoinosis\i 'sharing' from \Ikoinos\i 'common'\c
<hw>biodegradable</hw> \K/%bVI\F'\n(U)dI"greId\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \IBiol\i capable of being decomposed by bacteria or other living organisms. \Bbiodegradability\b \K/-"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bbiodegradation\b \K/%bVI\F'\nUdEgr\F'\n"deIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>biodiversity</hw> \K/%bVI\F'\n(U)dVI"v\F'\n:sIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\IEcol.\i diversity of plant and animal life.\Knew word in COD9 f. NSOED Aug 93\k
<hw>bioenergetics</hw> \K/%bVI\F'\nUEn\F'\n"dZEtIks/\k\p\In.\i\pthe study of the transformation of energy in living organisms.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k
<hw>bioengineering</hw> \K/%bVI\F'\nUEndZI"nI\F'\nrIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiol\i\p\B1\b the industrial use of biosynthetic processes.\p\B2\b the use of artificial tissues, organs, or organ components to replace damaged or absent parts of the body, e.g. artificial limbs, heart pacemakers, etc. \Bbioengineer\b \In. & v.\i
<hw>bioethics</hw> \K/bVI\F'\nU"ETIks/\k \In.pl.\i \I(treated as \Bsing.)\b\i \IBiol\i the ethics of medical and biological research. \Bbioethicist\b \K/-sIst/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>biofeedback</hw> \K/bVI\F'\nU"fi:dbak/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysiol\i the technique of using the feedback of a normally automatic bodily response to a stimulus, in order to acquire voluntary control of that response.
<hw>bioflavonoid</hw> \K/bVI\F'\nU"fleIv\F'\nnOId/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiochem\i a group of substances occurring mainly in citrus fruits and blackcurrants, and formerly regarded as a vitamin. \IAlso called\i \Icitrin,\i \Ivitamin P.\i \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbio-\x\j + \Iflavonoid\i from \J\Xflavine\x\j + \J\X-oid\x\j\c
<hw>biogas</hw> \K/"bVI\F'\n(U)gas/\k\p\In.\i\p\IEcol. Engin.\i gaseous fuel, esp. methane, produced by fermentation of organic matter.\Knew from NSOED, News Aug 93\k
<hw>biogenesis</hw> \K/bVI\F'\n(U)"dZEnIsIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiol\i\p\B1\b the synthesis of substances by living organisms.\p\B2\b the hypothesis that a living organism arises only from another similar living organism. \Bbiogenetic\b \K/-dZI"nEtIk/\k \Iadj.\i
<hw>biogenic</hw> \K/bVI\F'\n(U)"dZEnIk/\k \Iadj.\i \IBiol\i produced by living organisms.
<hw>biogeography</hw> \K/%bVI\F'\nUdZI"Qgr\F'\nfi/, /-"dZQg-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiol Geol\i the scientific study of the geographical distribution of plants and animals. \Bbiogeographical\b \K/-dZI\F'\n"grafIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i
<hw>biography</hw> \K/bVI"Qgr\F'\nfi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \ILiterature\i \Ba\b a written account of a person's life, usu. by another. \Bb\b such writing as a branch of literature.\p\B2\b the course of a living (usu. human) being's life. \Bbiographer\b\p\In.\i\p\Bbiographic\b \K/bVI\F'\n"grafIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Bbiographical\b \K/bVI\F'\n"grafIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ibiographie\i or modern Latin \Ibiographia,\i from medieval Greek\c
<hw>biohazard</hw> \K/"bVI\F'\nU%haz\F'\nd/\k\p\In.\i\p\IEcol.\i a risk to human health or the environment arising from biological work, esp. with micro-organisms.\Knew from NSOED Aug 93\k
<hw>biological</hw> \K/bVI\F'\n(U)"lQdZIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \IBiol\i\p\B1\b of or relating to biology or living organisms.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b (of a detergent etc.) containing enzymes to assist the process of cleaning.\K2 new f. incomings, JHM Dec 94\k \Bbiologically\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>biological clock</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAnat\i an innate mechanism controlling the rhythmic physiological activities of an organism.
<hw>biological control</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBotZool\i the control of a pest by the introduction of a natural enemy.
<hw>biological warfare</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i warfare involving the use of toxins or micro-organisms.
<hw>biology</hw> \K/bVI"Ql\F'\ndZi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiol\i\p\B1\b the study of living organisms.\p\B2\b the plants and animals of a particular area. \Bbiologist\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Ibiologie\i from German \IBiologie\i (as \J\Xbio-\x,\j \J\X-logy\x)\j\c
<hw>bioluminescence</hw> \K/%bVI\F'\nUlu:mI"nEs(\F'\n)ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiol\i the emission of light by living organisms such as the firefly and glow-worm. \Bbioluminescent\b \Iadj.\i
<hw>biomass</hw> \K/"bVI\F'\n(U)mas/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiol\i the total quantity or weight of organisms in a given area or volume. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbio-\x\j + \J\Xmass\x\j\c
<hw>biomathematics</hw> \K/%bVI\F'\n(U)maT(\F'\n)"matIks/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiol\i the science of the application of mathematics to biology.
<hw>biome</hw> \K/"bVI\F'\nUm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiol\i\p\B1\b a large naturally occurring community of flora and fauna adapted to the particular conditions in which they occur, e.g. tundra.\p\B2\b the geographical region containing such a community. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbio-\x\j + \J\X-ome\x\j\c
<hw>biomechanics</hw> \K/%bVI\F'\n(U)mI"kanIks/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiol\i the study of the mechanical laws relating to the movement or structure of living organisms.
<hw>biomedical</hw> \K/bVI\F'\n(U)"mEdIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i of or relating to both biology and medicine. \Bbiomedicine\b\p\In.\i\p\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k
<hw>biometry</hw> \K/bVI"QmItri/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bbiometrics\b \K/bVI\F'\n(U)"mEtrIks/\k) \IBiol\i the application of statistical analysis to biological data. \Bbiometric\b \K/bVI\F'\n(U)"mEtrIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Bbiometrical\b \K/bVI\F'\n(U)"mEtrIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Bbiometrician\b \K/bVI\F'\n(U)mI"trIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>biomorph</hw> \K/"bVI\F'\nUmO:f/\k\p\In.\i\p\IArt\i a decorative form based on a living organism. \Bbiomorphic\b \K/-"mO:fIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbio-\x\j + Greek \Imorphe\i 'form'\c
<hw>bionic</hw> \K/bVI"QnIk/\k \Iadj.\i \IBiol Electronics\i\p\B1\b having artificial body parts or the superhuman powers resulting from these.\p\B2\b relating to bionics. \Bbionically\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbio-\x,\j on the pattern of \Ielectronic\i\c
<hw>bionics</hw> \K/bVI"QnIks/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiol Electronics\i the study of mechanical systems that function like living organisms or parts of living organisms.
<hw>bionomics</hw> \K/bVI\F'\n(U)"nQmIks/\k \In.pl.\i \I(treated as \Bsing.)\b\i \IBiol\i the study of the mode of life of organisms in their natural habitat and their adaptations to their surroundings; ecology. \Bbionomic\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbio-\x,\j on the pattern of \Ieconomics\i\c
<hw>biophysics</hw> \K/bVI\F'\n(U)"fIzIks/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiol\i the science of the application of the laws of physics to biological phenomena. \Bbiophysical\b \Iadj.\i \Bbiophysicist\b \K/-sIst/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>biopic</hw> \K/"bVI\F'\nUpIk/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICinematog\i \Icolloq.\i a biographical film.\Knew in COD9 f. corpus, NSOED Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3\Ibio\igraphical + \J\Xpic\x\j\c
<hw>biopsy</hw> \K/"bVIQpsi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IMed\i the examination of tissue removed from a living body to discover the presence, cause, or extent of a disease. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ibiopsie\i from Greek \Ibios\i 'life' + \Iopsis\i 'sight', on the pattern of \Inecropsy\i\c
<hw>biorhythm</hw> \K/"bVI\F'\n(U)rID(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiol\i\p\B1\b any of the recurring cycles of biological processes thought to affect a person's emotional, intellectual, and physical activity.\p\B2\b any periodic change in the behaviour or physiology of an organism. \Bbiorhythmic\b \K/-"rIDmIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Bbiorhythmically\b \K/-"rIDmIk(\F'\n)li/\k \Iadv.\i
<hw>bioscope</hw> \K/"bVI\F'\nsk\F'\nUp/\k\p\In.\i\p\BS.Afr.\b \ICinematog\i \Islang\i a cinema. \BEtymology:\b \3in early use 'a view of life', from \J\Xbio-\x\j + \J\X-scope\x\j\c
<hw>biosphere</hw> \K/"bVI\F'\n(U)sfI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiol\i the regions of the earth's crust and atmosphere occupied by living organisms. \BEtymology:\b \3German \IBiosphΣre\i (as \J\Xbio-\x,\j \J\Xsphere\x)\j\c
<hw>biosynthesis</hw> \K/bVI\F'\n(U)"sInTIsIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiol\i the production of organic molecules by living organisms. \Bbiosynthetic\b \K/-"TEtIk/\k \Iadj.\i
<hw>biota</hw> \K/bVI"\F'\nUt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiol\i the animal and plant life of a region. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from Greek \Ibiote\i 'life'\c
<hw>biotechnology</hw> \K/%bVI\F'\n(U)tEk"nQl\F'\ndZi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiol\i the exploitation of biological processes for industrial and other purposes, esp. genetic manipulation of micro-organisms (for the production of antibiotics, hormones, etc.).
<hw>biotic</hw> \K/bVI"QtIk/\k \Iadj.\i \IBiol\i\p\B1\b relating to life or to living things.\p\B2\b of biological origin. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ibiotique\i or Late Latin \Ibioticus,\i from Greek \Ibiotikos\i from \Ibios\i 'life'\c
<hw>biotin</hw> \K/"bVI\F'\ntIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiochem\i a vitamin of the B complex, found in egg yolk, liver, and yeast, and involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. \IAlso (esp. \IUS)\i called\i \Ivitamin H.\i \BEtymology:\b \3German, from Greek \Ibios\i 'life' + \J\X-in\x\j\c
<hw>biotite</hw> \K/"bVI\F'\ntVIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMineral.\i a black, dark brown, or green micaceous mineral occurring as a constituent of metamorphic and igneous rocks. \BEtymology:\b \3J. B. \IBiot,\i French mineralogist d. 1862\c
<hw>bipartisan</hw> \K/%bVIpA:tI"zan/\k \Iadj.\i \IPolit\i of or involving two (esp. political) parties. \Bbipartisanship\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>bipartite</hw> \K/bVI"pA:tVIt/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b consisting of two parts.\p\B2\b shared by or involving two parties.\p\B3\b \ILaw\i (of a contract, treaty, etc.) drawn up in two corresponding parts or between two parties. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ibipartitus\i from \Ibipartire\i (as \J\Xbi-\x,\j \Ipartire\i \J\Xpart\x)\j\c
<hw>biphenyl</hw> \K/bVI"fi:nVIl/, /bVI"fEnIl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i an organic compound containing two phenyl groups. \ICf.\i \J\Xpcb\x.\j\Knew f. Inc. Sept 94\k
<hw>bipinnate</hw> \K/bVI"pIneIt/\k \Iadj.\i \IBot\i (of a pinnate leaf) having leaflets that are further subdivided in a pinnate arrangement.
<hw>biplane</hw> \K/"bVIpleIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITransport Aeron\i an early type of aeroplane having two sets of wings, one above the other \I(cf.\i \J\Xmonoplane\x).\j
<hw>bipolar</hw> \K/bVI"p\F'\nUl\F'\n/\k \Iadj.\i having two poles or extremities. \Bbipolarity\b \K/-"larIti/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>birch</hw> \K/b\F'\n:tS/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b (also \Bbirch tree)\b \IBot\i any tree of the genus \IBetula,\i having thin peeling bark, bearing catkins, and found predominantly in northern temperate regions.\p\B2\b (in full \Bbirchwood)\b the hard fine-grained pale wood of these trees.\p\B3\b \BNZ\b any of various similar trees.\p\B4\b (in full \Bbirch-rod)\b a bundle of birch twigs used for flogging. \Iv.tr.\i beat with a birch (in sense 4 of \In.).\i \Bbirchen\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibi(e)rce,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>birch-bark</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBot\i the bark of Betula papyrifera used to make canoes.\p\B2\b \BN. Amer.\b such a canoe.
<hw>bird</hw> \K/b\F'\n:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool\i a feathered vertebrate of the class Aves with a beak, two wings, and two feet, egg-laying and usu. able to fly.\p\B2\b a game bird.\p\B3\b \BBrit.\b \Islang\i a young woman.\p\B4\b \Icolloq.\i a person \3(a wily old bird).\c\p\B5\b \BBrit.\b \ICriminol\i \Islang\i \Ba\b a prison. \Bb\b \Irhyming slang\i a prison sentence (short for \Ibirdlime\i = time).\p\1a bird in the hand\c something secured or certain.\p\1the bird is (or has) flown\c the prisoner, quarry, etc., has escaped.\p\1the birds and the bees\c \Ieuphem.\i sexual activity and reproduction.\p\1birds of a feather\c people of like character.\p\1for (or strictly for) the birds\c \Icolloq.\i trivial, uninteresting.\p\1get the bird\c \BBrit.\b \Islang\i\p\B1\b be dismissed.\p\B2\b be hissed at or booed.\p\1like a bird\c \BBrit.\b without difficulty or hesitation.\p\1a little bird\c an unnamed informant. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibrid,\i of unknown origin\c
<hw>bird bath</hw>\p\In.\i\pa basin in a garden etc. with water for birds to bathe in.
<hw>birdbrain</hw> \K/"b\F'\n:dbreIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\Icolloq.\i a stupid or flighty person. \Bbirdbrained\b \Iadj.\i
<hw>birdcage</hw> \K/"b\F'\n:dkeIdZ/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a cage for birds usu. made of wire or cane.\p\B2\b an object of a similar design.
<hw>bird call</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i\p\B1\b a bird's natural call.\p\B2\b an instrument imitating this.
<hw>bird cherry</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a wild cherry, Prunus padus.
<hw>birder</hw> \K/"b\F'\n:d\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Besp. N. Amer.\b a birdwatcher. \Bbirding\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>bird-fancier</hw>\p\In.\i\pa person who knows about, collects, breeds, or deals in, birds.
<hw>birdie</hw> \K/"b\F'\n:di/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Icolloq.\i a little bird.\p\B2\b \IGolf\i a score of one stroke less than par at any hole. \Iv.tr.\i \B(birdies,\b \Bbirdied,\b \Bbirdying)\b \IGolf\i play (a hole) in a birdie.
<hw>birdlime</hw> \K/"b\F'\n:dlVIm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IHunting\i sticky material painted on to twigs to trap small birds.
<hw>bird-nesting</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bbird's-nesting)\b hunting for birds' nests, usu. to get eggs.
<hw>bird of paradise</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i any bird of the family Paradiseidae, found chiefly in New Guinea, the males having very beautiful brilliantly coloured plumage.
<hw>bird of passage</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i\p\B1\b a migrant.\p\B2\b any transient visitor.
<hw>bird of prey</hw>\p\In.\i\pa bird which hunts animals for food.
<hw>bird sanctuary</hw>\p\In.\i\pan area where birds are protected and encouraged to breed.
<hw>birdseed</hw> \K/"b\F'\n:dsi:d/\k\p\In.\i\pa blend of seed for feeding birds, esp. ones which are caged.
<hw>bird's-eye</hw> \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBot\i any of several plants having small bright round flowers, such as the germander speedwell.\p\B2\b a pattern with many small spots. \Iadj.\i \IBot\i of or having small bright round flowers \3(bird's-eye primrose).\c
<hw>bird's-eye view</hw>\p\In.\i\pa general view from above.
<hw>bird's-foot</hw>\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bbird's-foots)\b \IBot\i any plant having a part like the foot of a bird, esp. a vetch of the genus \IOrnithopus,\i with claw-shaped pods.
<hw>bird's-foot trefoil</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a small leguminous plant, Lotus corniculatus, having yellow flowers streaked with red.\Knew f. OERD Sep 94\k
<hw>bird's nest soup</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i soup made (esp. in Chinese cookery) from the dried gelatinous coating of the nests of swifts and other birds.
<hw>birdsong</hw> \K/"b\F'\n:dsQN/\k\p\In.\i\pthe musical cry of a bird or birds.
<hw>bird-strike</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAeron\i a collision between a bird and an aircraft.
<hw>bird table</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b a raised platform on which food for birds is placed.
<hw>birdwatcher</hw> \K/"b\F'\n:dwQtS\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pa person who observes birds in their natural surroundings. \Bbirdwatching\b\p\In.\i\p\Kbirdwatching subsumed as POD8 Aug 92 aaw\k
<hw>birefringent</hw> \K/bVIrI"frIn(d)Z(\F'\n)nt/\k \Iadj.\i \IPhysics\i having two different refractive indices. \Bbirefringence\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>bireme</hw> \K/"bVIri:m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i \Ihist.\i an ancient Greek warship, with two files of oarsmen on each side. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ibiremis\i (as \J\Xbi-\x,\j \Iremus\i 'oar')\c
<hw>biretta</hw> \K/bI"rEt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig Clothing\i a square usu. black cap with three flat projections on top, worn by (esp. Roman Catholic) clergymen. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian \Iberretta\i or Spanish \Ibirreta,\i from Late Latin \Ibirrus\i 'hooded cape'\c
<hw>biriani</hw> \K/bIrI"A:ni/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bbiryani)\b \ICookery\i an originally Indian dish made with highly seasoned rice, and meat or fish etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Urdu\c
<hw>biro</hw> \K/"bVIr\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b \BBrit.\b \Ipropr.\i a kind of ballpoint pen. \BEtymology:\b \3L. \IBir≤\i (d. 1985), Hungarian inventor of the ballpoint\c
<hw>birth</hw> \K/b\F'\n:T/\k \In. & v.\i \IBiol\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the emergence of a (usu. fully developed) infant or other young from the body of its mother.\p\B2\b \Iliterary\i the beginning or coming into existence of something \3(the birth of civilization;\c \2the birth of socialism).\c\p\B3\b \Ba\b origin, descent, ancestry \3(of noble birth).\c \Bb\b high or noble birth; inherited position. \Iv.tr.\i \BN. Amer.\b \Icolloq.\i\p\B1\b \I(also \Babsol.)\b\i give birth to.\p\B2\b assist (a woman) to give birth.\p\1give birth\c bear a child etc.\p\1give birth to\c\p\B1\b produce (young) from the womb.\p\B2\b cause to begin, found. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, from Old Norse \Ibyrth\i from Germanic: see \J\Xbear\x (1),\j \J\X-th\x (2)\j\c
<hw>birth certificate</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i an official document identifying a person by name, place, and date of birth.
<hw>birth control</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i \ISociol\i the control of the number of children one conceives, esp. by contraception.
<hw>birth control pill</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i the contraceptive pill.\Knew f. corpus oct 94\k
<hw>birthday</hw> \K/"b\F'\n:TdeI/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the day on which a person etc. was born.\p\B2\b the anniversary of this.\p\1in one's birthday suit\c \Ijoc.\i naked.
<hw>birthday honours</hw> \In.pl.\i \BBrit.\b titles etc. given on a sovereign's official birthday.
<hw>birthing</hw> \K/"b\F'\n:TIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed.\i the act or process of giving birth \I(also \Battrib.:\b\i \2birthing position).\c\Knew f. corpus, Incomings, NSOED May 94\k
<hw>birthing pool</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMed.\i a large bath for giving birth in.\Knew in COD9 f. POD8, corpus Aug 93\k
<hw>birthmark</hw> \K/"b\F'\n:TmA:k/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnat\i an unusual brown or red mark on one's body at or from birth.
<hw>birth mother</hw>\p\In.\i\p= \J\Xmother\x\p\In.\i\p1a.\j\Knew f. incomings Sept 94\k
<hw>birth pill</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IMed\i = \J\Xbirth control pill\x.\j\Kcross-ref to longer form as more current Oct 94\k
<hw>birthplace</hw> \K/"b\F'\n:TpleIs/\k\p\In.\i\pthe place where a person was born.
<hw>birth rate</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ISociol\i the number of live births per thousand of population per year.
<hw>birthright</hw> \K/"b\F'\n:TrVIt/\k\p\In.\i\pa right of possession or privilege one has from birth, esp. as the eldest son.
<hw>birthstone</hw> \K/"b\F'\n:Tst\F'\nUn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMineral\i a gemstone popularly associated with the month of one's birth.
<hw>birthweight</hw> \K/"b\F'\n:TweIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i the weight of a baby at birth.\Knew f. corpus Sept 94\k
<hw>biryani</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xbiriani\x.\j
<hw>biscuit</hw> \K/"bIskIt/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b \ICookery\i a small unleavened cake, usu. flat and crisp and often sweet.\p\B2\b \IPottery\i fired unglazed pottery.\p\B3\b a light brown colour. \Iadj.\i light brown. \Bbiscuity\b \Iadj.\i\K-y new f. corpus Sept 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ibescoit\i etc., ultimately from Latin \Ibis\i 'twice' + \Icoctus,\i past part. of \Icoquere\i 'cook'\c
\B\Ibise\b\i \K/bi:z/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMeteorol\i a keen dry northerly wind in Switzerland, southern France, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3French\c
<hw>bisect</hw> \K/bVI"sEkt/\k \Iv.tr.\i divide into two (strictly, equal) parts. \Bbisection\b \K/-"sEkS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bbisector\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbi-\x\j + Latin \Isecare sect-\i 'cut'\c
<hw>bisexual</hw> \K/bVI"sEksjU\F'\nl/, /-SU\F'\nl/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b sexually attracted by persons of both sexes.\p\B2\b \IBiol.\i having characteristics of both sexes.\p\B3\b \IBiol\i of or concerning both sexes.\p\In.\i\pa bisexual person. \Bbisexuality\b \K/-"alIti/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>bish</hw> \K/bIS/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \Islang\i a mistake. \BEtymology:\b \320th c.: origin uncertain\c
<hw>bishop</hw> \K/"bIS\F'\np/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IRelig\i a senior member of the Christian clergy usu. in charge of a diocese, and empowered to confer holy orders.\p\B2\b \IChess\i a chess piece with the top sometimes shaped like a mitre.\p\B3\b \IDrink\i mulled and spiced wine. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibiscop,\i ultimately from Greek \Iepiskopos\i 'overseer' (as \J\Xepi-\x,\j \I-skopos\i '-looking')\c
<hw>bishopric</hw> \K/"bIS\F'\nprIk/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i\p\B1\b the office of a bishop.\p\B2\b a diocese. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibisceoprice\i (as \J\Xbishop\x,\j \Irice\i 'realm')\c
<hw>bismuth</hw> \K/"bIzm\F'\nT/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i\p\B1\b a brittle reddish-white metallic element, occurring naturally and used in alloys (symbol \BBi).\b\Ksymb\k\p\B2\b any compound of this element used medicinally. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \Ibisemutum,\i Latinization of German \IWismut,\i of unknown origin\c
<hw>bison</hw> \K/"bVIs(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i same) \IZool\i either of two wild humpbacked shaggy-haired oxen of the genus \IBison,\i native to N. America (B. bison) or Europe (B. bonasus). \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, via Latin from Germanic\c
<hw>bisque (1)</hw> \K/bIsk/, /bi:sk/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i a rich shellfish soup, made esp. from lobster. \BEtymology:\b \3French\c
<hw>bisque (2)</hw> \K/bIsk/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITennis,\i \ICroquet,\i & \IGolf\i an advantage of scoring one free point, or taking an extra turn or stroke. \BEtymology:\b \3French\c
<hw>bistable</hw> \K/bVI"steIb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \IElectr\i (of an electrical circuit etc.) having two stable states.
<hw>bister</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xbistre\x.\j
<hw>bistort</hw> \K/"bIstO:t/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a herbaceous plant, Polygonum bistorta, with a twisted root and a cylindrical spike of flesh-coloured flowers. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ibistorte\i or medieval Latin \Ibistorta,\i from \Ibis\i 'twice' + \Itorta,\i fem. past part. of \Itorquere\i 'twist'\c
<hw>bistoury</hw> \K/"bIstUri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \ISurgery\i a surgical scalpel. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ibistouri,\i \Ibistorie,\i originally = dagger, of unknown origin\c
<hw>bistre</hw> \K/"bIst\F'\n/\k \In. & adj.\i \B(US\b \Bbister)\b \IChem\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a brownish pigment made from the soot of burnt wood.\p\B2\b the brownish colour of this. \Iadj.\i of this colour. \BEtymology:\b \3French, of unknown origin\c
<hw>bistro</hw> \K/"bi:str\F'\nU/, /"bIs-/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b \IFood\i a small restaurant. \BEtymology:\b \3French\c
<hw>bisulphate</hw> \K/bVI"sVlfeIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Bbisulfate)\b \IChem.\i a salt or ester of sulphuric acid.
<hw>bit (1)</hw> \K/bIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a small piece or quantity \3(a bit of cheese;\c \2give me another bit;\c \2that bit is too small).\c\p\B2\b \I(prec. by \Ba)\b\i \Ba\b a fair amount \3(sold quite a bit;\c \2needed a bit of persuading).\c \Bb\b \Icolloq.\i somewhat \3(am a bit tired).\c \Bc\b \I(foll. by \Bof)\b\i \Icolloq.\i rather \3(a bit of an idiot).\c \Bd\b \I(foll. by \Bof)\b\i \Icolloq.\i only a little; a mere \3(a bit of a boy).\c\p\B3\b a short time or distance \3(wait a bit;\c \2move up a bit).\c\p\B4\b \BUS\b \ICurrency\i \Islang\i a unit of 121/2 cents (used only in even multiples).\p\1bit by bit\c gradually.\p\1bit of all right\c \BBrit.\b \Islang\i a pleasing person or thing, esp. a woman.\p\1bit of fluff\c (or \Bskirt\b or \Bstuff)\b \Isee\i \J\Xfluff\x,\j \J\Xskirt\x\p\In.\i\p5,\j \J\Xstuff\x.\j\p\1bit of rough\c \Isee\i \J\Xrough\x.\j\p\1bit on the side\c \ISex\i \Islang\i\p\B1\b a sexual relationship involving infidelity to one's partner.\p\B2\b the person with whom one is unfaithful.\Ksense 2 new in COD9 f. COD box\k\p\1bits and pieces\c (or \Bbobs)\b an assortment of small items.\p\1do one's bit\c \Icolloq.\i make a useful contribution to an effort or cause.\p\1every bit as\c \Isee\i \J\Xevery\x.\j\p\1not a bit\c (or \BBrit.\b \Bnot a bit of it)\b not at all.\p\1to bits\c\p\B1\b into pieces.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i very much; to a great degree \3(love them to bits;\c \2thrilled to bits).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibita\i from Germanic, related to \J\Xbite\x\j\c
<hw>bit (2)</hw> \I\Ipast\i of\i \J\Xbite\x.\j
<hw>bit (3)</hw> \K/bIt/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IRiding\i a metal mouthpiece on a bridle, used to control a horse.\p\B2\b \ITools\i a (usu. metal) tool or piece for boring or drilling.\p\B3\b the cutting or gripping part of a plane, pincers, etc.\p\B4\b the part of a key that engages with the lock-lever.\p\B5\b the copper head of a soldering iron. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b put a bit into the mouth of (a horse).\p\B2\b restrain.\p\1take the bit between one's teeth\c\p\B1\b take decisive personal action.\p\B2\b escape from control. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibite\i from Germanic, related to \J\Xbite\x\j\c
<hw>bit (4)</hw> \K/bIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IComputing\i a unit of information expressed as a choice between two possibilities; a 0 or 1 in binary notation. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbinary\x\j + \J\Xdigit\x\j\c
<hw>bitch</hw> \K/bItS/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool\i a female dog or other canine animal.\p\B2\b \Islang\i \Ioffens.\i a malicious or spiteful woman.\p\B3\b \Islang\i a very unpleasant or difficult thing or situation.\p\Iv.\i\p\Icolloq.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Babout)\b\i \Ba\b speak scathingly. \Bb\b complain.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i be spiteful or unfair to. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibicce\i\c
<hw>bite</hw> \K/bVIt/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\I(past\i \Bbit\b \K/bIt/\k; \Ipast part.\i \Bbitten\b \K/"bIt(\F'\n)n/\k)\p\B1\b \Itr.\i cut or puncture using the teeth.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \I(foll. by \Boff,\b \Baway,\b etc.)\i detach with the teeth.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i (of an insect, snake, etc.) wound with a sting, fangs, etc.\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i (of a wheel, screw, etc.) grip, penetrate.\p\B5\b \Iintr.\i accept bait or an inducement.\p\B6\b \Iintr.\i have a (desired) adverse effect.\p\B7\b \Itr.\i \I(in \Bpassive)\b\i \Ba\b take in; swindle. \Bb\b \I(foll. by \Bby,\b \Bwith,\b etc.)\i be infected by (enthusiasm etc.).\p\B8\b \Itr.\i (as \Bbitten\b \Iadj.)\i cause a glowing or smarting pain to \3(frostbitten).\c\p\B9\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bat)\b\i snap at.\p\B10\b \Itr.\i \Icolloq.\i worry, perturb \3(what's biting you?).\c\Ksense 10 moved from being an idiom; slang changed to colloq. Aug 93\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an act of biting.\p\B2\b a wound or sore made by biting.\p\B3\b \IFood\i \Ba\b a mouthful of food. \Bb\b a snack or light meal.\p\B4\b \IFishing\i the taking of bait by a fish.\p\B5\b pungency (esp. of flavour).\p\B6\b incisiveness, sharpness.\p\B7\b \IDentistry\i = \J\Xocclusion\x 3.\j\p\Bbite back\b restrain (one's speech etc.) by or as if by biting the lips.\p\1bite (or \BBrit.\b bite on) the bullet\c \Islang\i behave bravely or stoically.\p\1bite the dust\c \Islang\i\p\B1\b die.\p\B2\b fail; break down.\p\1bite the hand that feeds one\c hurt or offend a benefactor.\p\1bite a person's head off\c \Icolloq.\i respond fiercely or angrily.\p\1bite one's lip\c \Isee\i \J\Xlip\x.\j\p\1bite off more than one can chew\c take on a commitment one cannot fulfil.\p\1once bitten twice shy\c an unpleasant experience induces caution.\p\1put the bite on\c \BUS\b \Islang\i borrow or extort money from. \Bbiter\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibitan,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>bite-sized</hw> \Iadj.\i (also \Bbite-size)\b \IFood\i\p\B1\b small enough to be eaten in one mouthful.\p\B2\b very small or short.\Knew word in COD9 f. NSOED, News Aug 93\k
<hw>bitmap</hw> \K/"bItmap/\k \In. & v.\i \IComputing\i\p\In.\i\pa representation in which each item is shown by one or more bits of information, esp. a display of the contents of a memory store. \Iv.tr.\i \B(-mapped,\b \B-mapping)\b provide with or represent by a bitmap.\Knew f. SOED Aug 93\k
<hw>bit part</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ITheatr\i a minor part in a play or a film.
<hw>bitter</hw> \K/"bIt\F'\n/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b having a sharp pungent taste; not sweet.\p\B2\b \Ba\b caused by or showing mental pain or resentment \3(bitter memories;\c \2bitter rejoinder).\c \Bb\b painful or difficult to accept \3(bitter disappointment).\c\p\B3\b \Ba\b harsh; virulent \3(bitter animosity).\c \Bb\b piercingly cold.\p\In.\i\p\IDrink\i\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b beer strongly flavoured with hops and having a bitter taste.\p\B2\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i liquor with a bitter flavour (esp. of wormwood) used as an additive in cocktails.\p\1to the bitter end\c to the very end in spite of difficulties. \Bbitterly\b \Iadv.\i \Bbitterness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibiter,\i probably from Germanic: \Ito the bitter end\i may be associated with a nautical word \Ibitter\i = 'last part of a cable': see \J\Xbitts\x\j\c
<hw>bitter aloes</hw> \Isee\i \J\Xaloe\x 2.\j\Knew as hwd Sep 94\k
<hw>bitterling</hw> \K/"bIt\F'\nlIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a small brightly coloured freshwater fish, Rhodeus amarus, from central Europe. \BEtymology:\b \3German \IBitterling,\i from \J\Xbitter\x \Iadj.\i\j + \J\X-ling\x (1)\j\c
<hw>bittern (1)</hw> \K/"bIt\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i any of a group of wading birds of the heron family, esp. of the genus \IBotaurus\i with a distinctive booming call. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ibutor,\i ultimately from Latin \Ibutio\i 'bittern' + \Itaurus\i 'bull' (from its call); -\In\i perhaps from association with \J\Xheron\x\j\c
<hw>bittern (2)</hw> \K/"bIt\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i the liquid remaining after the crystallization of common salt from sea water. \BEtymology:\b \3probably from \J\Xbitter\x \Iadj.\i\j\c
<hw>bitter pill</hw>\p\In.\i\psomething unpleasant that has to be accepted.
<hw>bitter-sweet</hw> \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b sweet with a bitter aftertaste.\p\B2\b arousing pleasure tinged with pain or sorrow.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b sweetness with a bitter aftertaste. \Bb\b pleasure tinged with pain or sorrow.\p\B2\b \IBot\i = \Iwoody nightshade\i (see \J\Xnightshade\x).\j
<hw>bitts</hw> \K/bIts/\k \In.pl.\i \INaut.\i a pair of posts on the deck of a ship, for fastening cables etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, probably from Low German\c
<hw>bitty</hw> \K/"bIti/\k \Iadj.\i \B(bittier,\b \Bbittiest)\b\p\B1\b \Besp. Brit.\b made up of unrelated bits; scrappy.\p\B2\b (esp. in phrs. \Blittle bitty,\b \Bitty-bitty)\b \BN. Amer.\b \Icolloq.\i tiny.\Ksense 2 new f. Kpb, Inc., Sept 94\k \Bbittily\b \Iadv.\i \Bbittiness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>bitumen</hw> \K/"bItjUm\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i\p\B1\b any of various tarlike mixtures of hydrocarbons derived from petroleum naturally or by distillation and used for road surfacing and roofing.\p\B2\b \BAustral.\b \Icolloq.\i a tarred road. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ibitumen -minis\i\c
<hw>bituminize</hw> \K/bI"tju:mInVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b \IChem\i convert into, impregnate with, or cover with bitumen. \Bbituminization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>bituminous</hw> \K/bI"tju:mIn\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i \IChem\i of, relating to, or containing bitumen.
<hw>bituminous coal</hw>\p\In.\i\pa form of coal burning with a smoky flame.
<hw>bivalent</hw> \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \K/bVI"veIl(\F'\n)nt/\k \IChem.\i = \J\Xdivalent\x.\j\p\B2\b \K/"bIv(\F'\n)l(\F'\n)nt/\k \IBiol.\i (of homologous chromosomes) associated in pairs.\p\In.\i\p\K/"bIv(\F'\n)l(\F'\n)nt/\k \IBiol.\i any pair of homologous chromosomes. \Bbivalency\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbi-\x\j + Latin \Ivalent-\i pres. part. stem of \Ivalere:\i see \J\Xvalency\x\j\c
<hw>bivalve</hw> \K/"bVIvalv/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i any of a group of aquatic molluscs of the class Bivalvia, with laterally compressed bodies enclosed within two hinged shells, e.g. oysters, mussels, etc. \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IZool\i with a hinged double shell.\p\B2\b \IBiol.\i having two valves, e.g. of a pea pod.
<hw>bivouac</hw> \K/"bIvUak/, /"bIvwak/\k \In. & v.\i \IMil\i\p\In.\i\pa temporary open encampment without tents, esp. of soldiers. \Iv.intr.\i \B(bivouacked,\b \Bbivouacking)\b camp in a bivouac, esp. overnight. \BEtymology:\b \3earlier, 'a night watch by a whole army': French, probably from Swiss German \IBeiwacht\i 'additional guard at night'\c
<hw>biweekly</hw> \K/bVI"wi:kli/\k \Iadv., adj., & n.\i \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b every two weeks.\p\B2\b twice a week. \Iadj.\i produced or occurring biweekly.\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IJournalism\i a biweekly periodical. See Usage Note at \J\Xbimonthly\x.\j
<hw>biyearly</hw> \K/bVI"jI\F'\nli/, /-"j\F'\n:-/\k \Iadv. & adj.\i \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b every two years.\p\B2\b twice a year. \Iadj.\i produced or occurring biyearly. See Usage Note at \J\Xbimonthly\x.\j
<hw>Bk</hw> \Isymb.\i \IChem.\i the element berkelium.
<hw>bk.</hw> \Iabbr.\i book.
<hw>BL</hw> \Iabbr.\i\p\B1\b \BSc.\b & \BIr.\b \ILaw\i Bachelor of Law.\p\B2\b \IBibliog\i British Library.\p\B3\b \Ihist.\i British Leyland.\p\B4\b \INaut Commerce\i bill of lading.
<hw>blab</hw> \K/blab/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B(blabbed,\b \Bblabbing)\b\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \Ba\b talk foolishly or indiscreetly. \Bb\b reveal secrets.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i reveal (a secret etc.) by indiscreet talk.\p\In.\i\pa person who blabs. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, probably from Germanic\c
<hw>blabber</hw> \K/"blab\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p(also \Bblabbermouth\b \K/"blab\F'\nmaUT/\k) a person who blabs. \Iv.intr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bon)\b\i talk foolishly or inconsequentially, esp. at length.
<hw>black</hw> \K/blak/\k \Iadj., n., & v.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b very dark, having no colour from the absorption of all or nearly all incident light (like coal or soot).\p\B2\b completely dark from the absence of a source of light \3(black night).\c\p\B3\b (also \BBlack)\b \Ba\b of the human group having dark-coloured skin, esp. of African or Australian Aboriginal descent. \Bb\b of or relating to black people \3(black rights).\c\p\B4\b (of the sky, a cloud, etc.) dusky; heavily overcast.\p\B5\b angry, threatening \3(a black look).\c\p\B6\b implying disgrace or condemnation \3(in his black books).\c\p\B7\b wicked, sinister, deadly \3(black-hearted).\c\p\B8\b gloomy, depressed, sullen \3(a black mood).\c\p\B9\b portending trouble or difficulty \3(things looked black).\c\p\B10\b (of hands, clothes, etc.) dirty, soiled.\p\B11\b (of humour or its representation) with sinister or macabre, as well as comic, import \3(black comedy).\c\p\B12\b (of tea or coffee) without milk.\p\B13\b \BBrit.\b \IIndustry\i \Ba\b (of industrial labour or its products) boycotted, esp. by a trade union, in an industrial dispute. \Bb\b (of a person) doing work or handling goods that have been boycotted.\p\B14\b dark in colour as distinguished from a lighter variety \3(black bear;\c \2black pine).\c\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a black colour or pigment.\p\B2\b \IClothing\i black clothes or material \3(dressed in black).\c\p\B3\b \IGames Sport\i \Ba\b (in a game or sport) a black piece, ball, etc. \Bb\b the player using such pieces.\p\B4\b \IEcon\i the credit side of an account \3(in the black).\c\p\B5\b (also \BBlack)\b \IPeople\i a member of a dark-skinned race, esp. of African or Australian descent. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b make black \3(blacked his face).\c\p\B2\b polish with blacking.\p\B3\b \BBrit.\b \IIndustry\i declare (goods etc.) 'black'.\p\1black in the face\c livid with strangulation, exertion, or passion.\p\Bblack out\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b effect a blackout on. \Bb\b undergo a blackout.\p\B2\b obscure windows etc. or extinguish all lights for protection esp. against an air attack. \Bblackish\b \Iadj.\i \Bblackly\b \Iadv.\i \Bblackness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iblµc\i\c When referring to dark-skinned people, \Iblack\i (rather than \INegro\i or \IColoured)\i is now the preferred term. In Britain and the US it is generally used to designate people of African descent while in Australia it is used of Aboriginals. The term \IAfrican-American\i is also common in the US for people of African descent. In Britain, the term \Iblack\i is often found alongside \IAsian\i with reference to the two largest ethnic minorities, e.g. \IThe organization is open to blacks, Asians, and anyone who believes they suffer discrimination.\i In the US, \Iblack\i is often found alongside \IHispanic\i in similar contexts.Although \Iblack\i has been the preferred term for a number of years now, older people still tend to use other previously acceptable terms (e.g. \INegro\i or \IColoured).\i In order to avoid offence, however, these terms should not be used.
<hw>black Africa</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IGeog\i the area of Africa, generally south of the Sahara, where black people predominate.
<hw>blackamoor</hw> \K/"blak\F'\nmU\F'\n/, /-mO:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPeople\i \Iarchaic\i a black African; a very dark-skinned person. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xblack\x\j + \J\XMoor\x\j\c
<hw>black and blue</hw> \Iadj.\i discoloured by bruises.
<hw>Black and Tans</hw> \In.pl.\i \IMil\i an armed force recruited to fight Sinn Fein in Ireland in 1921, wearing a mixture of military and constabulary uniforms.
<hw>black and white</hw> \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\IPrinting\i writing or printing \3(in black and white).\c \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b recorded in writing or print \3(down in black and white).\c\p\B2\b \ITelev Photog\i (of film etc.) not in colour.\p\B3\b consisting of extremes only, oversimplified \3(interpreted the problem in black and white terms).\c\Kas POD8 Aug 92 aaw\k
<hw>black art</hw>\p\In.\i\p\I(prec. by \Bthe)\b\i = \J\Xblack magic\x.\j
<hw>blackball</hw> \K/"blakbO:l/\k \Iv.tr.\i \IPolit\i reject (a candidate) in a ballot (originally by voting with a black ball).
<hw>black bass</hw> \Isee\i \J\Xbass\x (2) 4.\j\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k
<hw>black bean</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IFood Bot\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b any of various plants of the genus \IPhaseolus,\i with small black seeds. \Bb\b the dried seed of this used as a vegetable.\p\B2\b a fermented soya bean, used as flavouring in oriental cookery.\p\B3\b a large Australian leguminous tree with heavy seed pods, Castanospermum australe.\Ksense 2 f. JHM, 3 f. ACOD Oct 93\k\Knew word in COD9 f. NSOED, corpus Aug 93\k
<hw>black beetle</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IZool\i the common cockroach, Blatta orientalis.
<hw>black belt</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ISport\i\p\B1\b a black belt worn by an expert in judo, karate, etc.\p\B2\b a person qualified to wear this.
<hw>blackberry</hw> \K/"blakb(\F'\n)ri/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IBot\i\p\B1\b a thorny climbing shrub, Rubus fruticosus (rose family), bearing white or pink flowers; \Ialso called\i \J\Xbramble\x.\j\p\B2\b an edible fruit of this plant, consisting of a cluster of soft black drupels. \Iv.intr.\i \B(-ies,\b \B-ied)\b gather blackberries.
<hw>black bile</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Ihist.\i one of the four bodily humours, characterized as cold and dry, and associated with a melancholy temperament \I(cf.\i \J\Xhumour\x\p\In.\i\p5).\j\Knew from JHM Jan 95\k \BEtymology:\b \3translation of Greek \Imelagkholia:\i cf. \J\Xmelancholy\x,\j \J\Xatrabilious\x\j\c
<hw>blackbird</hw> \K/"blakb\F'\n:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i\p\B1\b a common thrush, Turdus merula, the male of which is black with an orange beak.\p\B2\b \BUS\b any of various birds, esp. grackles, with black plumage.\p\B3\b \Ihist.\i a black or Polynesian captive on a slave ship.
<hw>blackboard</hw> \K/"blakbO:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\IEducation\i a board with a smooth usu. dark surface for writing on with chalk.
<hw>black body</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i a hypothetical perfect absorber and radiator of energy, with no reflecting power.
<hw>black bottom</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IDancing\i a popular dance of the 1920s.\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED, COD box Aug 93\k
<hw>black box</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IAeron\i a flight recorder in an aircraft.\p\B2\b any complex piece of equipment, usu. a unit in an electronic system, with contents which are mysterious to the user.
<hw>blackboy</hw> \K/"blakbOI/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i any tree of the genus \IXanthorrhoea,\i native to Australia, with a thick dark trunk and a head of grasslike leaves. \IAlso called\i \Igrass tree.\i
<hw>black bread</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i a coarse dark-coloured type of rye bread.
<hw>black bryony</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a climbing plant, Tamus communis, with dark tubers and poisonous red berries.
<hw>blackbuck</hw> \K/"blakbVk/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a small Indian gazelle, Antilope cervicapra, the male of which has a black back and white underbelly. \IAlso called\i \Isasin.\i
<hw>blackcap</hw> \K/"blakkap/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a small warbler, Sylvia atricapilla, the male of which has a black-topped head.
<hw>blackcock</hw> \K/"blakkQk/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i the male of the black grouse \I(cf.\i \J\Xgreyhen\x).\j
<hw>Black Country</hw>\p\In.\i\p\I(usu. prec. by \Bthe)\b\i \IGeog\i a district of the Midlands with heavy industry.
<hw>blackcurrant</hw> \K/blak"kVr(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b a widely cultivated shrub, Ribes nigrum, bearing flowers in racemes.\p\B2\b the small round dark edible berry of this plant.
<hw>Black Death</hw>\p\In.\i\p\I(usu. prec. by \Bthe)\b\i \IMed\i the widespread epidemic of bubonic plague in Europe in the 14th c.
<hw>black disc</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b a long-playing gramophone record, as distinct from a compact disc.
<hw>blacken</hw> \K/"blak(\F'\n)n/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr. & intr.\i make or become black or dark.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i speak ill of, defame \3(blacken someone's character).\c
<hw>black English</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ILinguistics\i the form of English spoken by many black people, esp. as an urban dialect of the US.
<hw>black eye</hw>\p\In.\i\pbruised skin around the eye resulting from a blow.
<hw>black-eyed bean</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bblack-eye bean,\b \BUS\b \Bblack-eyed pea)\b \IBot\i a variety of bean, Vigna sinensis, with seeds often dried and stored prior to eating (so called from its black hilum).
<hw>black-eyed Susan</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i any of several flowers, esp. of the genus \IRudbeckia,\i with yellow-coloured petals and a dark centre.
<hw>blackface</hw> \K/"blakfeIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool\i a variety of sheep with a black face.\p\B2\b \ITheatr\i the make-up used by a non-black performer playing a black role.
<hw>blackfellow</hw> \K/"blak%fEl\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPeople\i \Ihist.\i an Australian Aborigine.
<hw>blackfish</hw> \K/"blakfIS/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i usu. same) \IZool\i\p\B1\b any of several species of dark-coloured fish.\p\B2\b a salmon at spawning.
<hw>black flag</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \INaut\i a pirate's ensign.\p\B2\b \ICriminol.\i \Ihist.\i a flag hoisted outside a prison to announce an execution.
<hw>blackfly</hw> \K/"blakflVI/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-flies)\b \IZool\i\p\B1\b any of various thrips or aphids infesting plants, esp. Aphis fabae.\p\B2\b a biting fly of the genus \ISimulium\i or family Simuliidae.
<hw>Black Forest gateau</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B(N. Amer.\b \BBlack Forest cake)\b \IFood\i a chocolate sponge with layers of morello cherries or cherry jam and whipped cream and topped with chocolate icing, originally from S. Germany.
<hw>Black Friar</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i a Dominican friar. \BEtymology:\b \3from the colour of the order's habit\c
<hw>black frost</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMeteorol\i a frost without white dew.
<hw>black grouse</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bblack game)\b \IZool Hunting\i a European grouse, Tetrao tetrix.
<hw>blackguard</hw> \K/"blagA:d/, /-g\F'\nd/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\pa villain; a scoundrel; an unscrupulous, unprincipled person. \Iv.tr.\i abuse scurrilously. \Bblackguardly\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xblack\x\j + \J\Xguard\x:\j originally applied collectively to menials etc.\c
<hw>blackhead</hw> \K/"blakhEd/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a dark plug of sebum in a hair follicle.
<hw>black hole</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IAstron\i a region of space having a gravitational field so intense that no matter and radiation can escape.\p\B2\b \IMil\i a place of confinement for punishment, esp. in the armed services.
<hw>black ice</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMeteorol\i thin hard transparent ice, esp. on a road surface.
<hw>blacking</hw> \K/"blakIN/\k\p\In.\i\pany black paste or polish, esp. for shoes.
<hw>blackjack (1)</hw> \K/"blakdZak/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ICards\i the card game pontoon.\p\B2\b \BN. Amer.\b a flexible leaded bludgeon. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xblack\x\j + \J\Xjack\x (1)\j\c
<hw>blackjack (2)</hw> \K/"blakdZak/\k\p\In.\i\p\INaut\i \Ihist.\i a pirates' black flag. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xblack\x\j + \J\Xjack\x (1)\j\c
<hw>blackjack (3)</hw> \K/"blakdZak/\k\p\In.\i\p\IDrink\i a tarred-leather vessel for alcoholic liquor. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xblack\x\j + \J\Xjack\x (2)\j\c
<hw>blacklead</hw> \K/"blaklEd/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\IMineral\i graphite. \Iv.tr.\i polish with graphite.
<hw>blackleg</hw> \K/"blaklEg/\k \In. & v.\i \BBrit.\b\p\In.\i\p\I(often \Battrib.)\b\i \IIndustry Polit\i \Iderog.\i a person who fails to take part in industrial action. \Iv.intr.\i \B(-legged,\b \B-legging)\b act as a blackleg.
<hw>black letter</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPrinting\i an old heavy style of type.
<hw>black light</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i ultraviolet or infra-red radiation, invisible to the eye.
<hw>blacklist</hw> \K/"blaklIst/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\pa list of persons under suspicion, in disfavour, etc. \Iv.tr.\i put the name of (a person) on a blacklist.
<hw>black magic</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ISpiritualism\i magic involving supposed invocation of evil spirits.
<hw>blackmail</hw> \K/"blakmeIl/\k \In. & v.\i \ICriminol\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b an extortion of payment in return for not disclosing discreditable information, a secret, etc. \Bb\b any payment extorted in this way.\p\B2\b the use of threats or moral pressure. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b extort or try to extort money etc. from (a person) by blackmail.\p\B2\b threaten, coerce. \Bblackmailer\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xblack\x\j + obsolete \Imail\i 'rent': Old English \Imal\i from Old Norse \Imßl\i 'agreement'\c
<hw>Black Maria</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICriminol\i \Icolloq.\i a police vehicle for transporting prisoners. \BEtymology:\b \3orig. US, apparently named after a \Iblack\i woman, \IMaria\i Lee, who kept a boarding house in Boston and helped the police in escorting drunk and disorderly customers to jail\c
<hw>black mark</hw>\p\In.\i\pa mark of discredit.
<hw>black market</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i an illicit traffic in officially controlled or scarce commodities. \Bblack marketeer\b\p\In.\i\p\Kblack marketeer subsumed as POD8 Aug 92 aaw\k
<hw>black mass</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i a travesty of the Roman Catholic Mass in worship of Satan.
<hw>Black Monk</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i a Benedictine monk. \BEtymology:\b \3from the colour of the order's habit\c
<hw>black Muslim</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BUS\b \IRelig\i a member of an exclusively black Islamic sect proposing a separate black community.
<hw>black nationalism</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i advocacy of the national civil rights of esp. US black people.
<hw>blackout</hw> \K/"blakaUt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMed\i a temporary or complete loss of vision, consciousness, or memory.\p\B2\b a loss of power, radio reception, etc.\p\B3\b \IMil\i a compulsory period of darkness as a precaution against air raids.\p\B4\b \IPolit Criminol\i a temporary suppression of the release of information, esp. from police or government sources.\p\B5\b \ITheatr\i a sudden darkening of a theatre stage.
<hw>Black Panther</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i (in the US) a member of an extremist organization set up to fight for the rights of black people.
<hw>black pepper</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IFood\i the unripe ground or whole berries of Piper nigrum as a condiment.
<hw>black power</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i a movement in support of rights and political power for black people.
<hw>black pudding</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IFood\i a black sausage containing pork, dried pig's blood, suet, etc.
<hw>Black Rod</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IParl\i the principal usher of the Lord Chamberlain's department, House of Lords, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3from the symbol of office\c
<hw>black sheep</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Icolloq.\i an unsatisfactory or disreputable member of a family, group, etc.; a misfit.
<hw>blackshirt</hw> \K/"blakS\F'\n:t/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i a member of a Fascist organization. \BEtymology:\b \3from the colour of the Italian Fascist uniform\c
<hw>blacksmith</hw> \K/"blaksmIT/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a smith who works in iron.\p\B1\b \BN. Amer.\b \I=\i \J\Xfarrier\x 2.\j
<hw>black spot</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b \ITransport\i a place of danger or difficulty, esp. on a road \3(an accident black spot).\c\p\B2\b \IHort\i any of various diseases of plants, esp. of roses, producing black spots on leaves.\Ksense 2 new in COD9 f. POD, corpus, NSOED Aug 93\k
<hw>black swan</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool\i an Australian swan, Cygnus atratus, with black plumage.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b something extremely rare.
<hw>black tea</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IDrink\i tea that is fully fermented before drying.
<hw>blackthorn</hw> \K/"blakTO:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBot\i a thorny shrub, Prunus spinosa (rose family), bearing white-petalled flowers before the leaves appear, and blue-black fruits; \Ialso called\i \J\Xsloe\x.\j\p\B2\b a cudgel or walking stick made from its wood.
<hw>blackthorn winter</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IMeteorol\i a spell of cold weather at the time in early spring when the blackthorn flowers.
<hw>black tie</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IClothing\i\p\B1\b a black bow tie worn with a dinner jacket.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i formal evening dress.
<hw>blacktop</hw> \K/"blaktQp/\k \In. & v.\i \Besp. N. Amer.\b \IEngin\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a type of road-surfacing material.\p\B2\b a road surfaced with this. \Iv.tr.\i surface (a road) with blacktop.\Ksense 2 of n. and v. new f. SOED Sep 94\k
<hw>black tracker</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BAustral.\b \IPeople\i an Aborigine employed to help find persons lost or hiding in the bush.
<hw>black velvet</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IDrink\i a drink of stout and champagne.
<hw>Black Watch</hw>\p\In.\i\p\I(usu. prec. by \Bthe)\b\i \IMil\i the Royal Highland Regiment (so called from its dark tartan uniform).
<hw>blackwater fever</hw> \K/"blakwO:t\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a severe form of malaria in which blood cells are rapidly destroyed, resulting in dark urine.
<hw>black widow</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a venomous N. American spider, Latrodectus mactans, the female of which devours its mate.
<hw>bladder</hw> \K/"blad\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \IAnat\i any of various membranous sacs in some animals, containing urine \B(urinary bladder),\b bile \B(gall bladder),\b or air \B(swim-bladder).\b \Bb\b this or part of it or a similar object prepared for various uses.\p\B2\b \IAnat Bot\i an inflated pericarp or vesicle in various plants.\p\B3\b anything inflated and hollow. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iblµdre,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>bladderwort</hw> \K/"blad\F'\nw\F'\n:t/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i an aquatic plant of the genus \IUtricularia,\i with leaves having small bladders for trapping and digesting insects.
<hw>bladderwrack</hw> \K/"blad\F'\nrak/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a common brown seaweed, Fucus vesiculosus, with fronds containing air bladders which give buoyancy.
<hw>blade</hw> \K/bleId/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the flat part of a knife, chisel, etc., that forms the cutting edge. \Bb\b = \J\Xrazor blade\x.\j\p\B2\b the flattened functional part of an oar, spade, propeller, bat, skate, etc.\p\B3\b \Ba\b the flat, narrow, usu. pointed leaf of grass and cereals. \Bb\b the whole of such plants before the ear is formed \3(in the blade).\c \Bc\b \IBot.\i the broad thin part of a leaf apart from the petiole.\p\B4\b (in full \Bblade-bone)\b \IAnat\i a flat bone, e.g. in the shoulder.\p\B5\b \IArchaeol.\i a long narrow flake (see \J\Xflake\x (1) 3).\j\p\B6\b \Ipoet.\i a sword.\p\B7\b \Icolloq.\i (usu. \Iarchaic)\i a carefree young fellow. \Bbladed\b \Iadj.\i \I(also in \Bcomb.).\b\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iblµd,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>blaeberry</hw> \K/"bleIb(\F'\n)ri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \BBrit.\b \IBot\i = \J\Xbilberry\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from \Iblae\i (Scots and northern English dialect, via Middle English \Iblo\i from Old Norse \Iblßr,\i from Germanic: see \J\Xblue\x (1))\j + \J\Xberry\x\j\c
<hw>blag</hw> \K/blag/\k \In. & v.\i \BBrit.\b \ICriminol\i \Islang\i\p\In.\i\probbery, esp. with violence; theft. \Iv.tr. & intr.\i \B(blagged,\b \Bblagging)\b rob (esp. with violence); steal. \Bblagger\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \319th c.: origin unknown\c
\B\Iblague\b\i \K/blA:g/, French /blag/\k\p\In.\i\phumbug, claptrap. \BEtymology:\b \3French\c
\B\Iblagueur\b\i \K/blA:"g\F'\n:/, French /blag9r/\k\p\In.\i\pa pretentious talker. \BEtymology:\b \3French\c
<hw>blain</hw> \K/bleIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i an inflamed swelling or sore on the skin. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iblegen,\i from West Germanic\c
<hw>blakey</hw> \K/"bleIki/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \BBlakey)\b \I(pl.\i \B-eys)\b \BBrit.\b \IClothing Shoemaking\i a metal cap on the heel or toe of a shoe or boot. \BEtymology:\b \3\IBlakey,\i name of the manufacturer\c
<hw>blame</hw> \K/bleIm/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b assign fault or responsibility to.\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bon)\b\i assign the responsibility for (an error or wrong) to a person etc. \3(blamed his death on a poor diet).\c\p\In.\i\p\B1\b responsibility for a bad result; culpability \3(shared the blame equally;\c \2put the blame on the bad weather).\c\p\B2\b the act of blaming or attributing responsibility; censure \3(she got all the blame).\c\p\1be to blame\c \I(often foll. by \Bfor)\b\i be responsible; deserve censure \3(she is not to blame for the accident).\c\p\1have only oneself to blame\c be solely responsible (for something one suffers).\p\1I don't blame you etc.\c I think your etc. action was justifiable. \Bblameable\b \Iadj.\i \B(US\b also \Bblamable).\b \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ibla(s)mer\i \I(v.),\i \Iblame\i \I(n.)\i and popular Latin \Iblastemare\i from ecclesiastical Latin \Iblasphemare\i 'reproach, revile, blaspheme', from Greek \Iblasphemeo\i 'blaspheme'\c
<hw>blanch</hw> \K/blA:n(t)S/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i make white or pale by extracting colour.\p\B2\b \Iintr. & tr.\i grow or make pale from shock, fear, etc.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \ICookery\i \Ba\b peel (almonds etc.) by scalding. \Bb\b immerse (vegetables or meat) briefly in boiling water.\p\B4\b \Itr.\i \IHort\i whiten (a plant) by depriving it of light.\p\Bblanch over\b give a deceptively good impression of (a fault etc.) by misrepresentation. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iblanchir,\i from \Iblanc\i 'white, \J\Xblank\x\j'\c
<hw>blancmange</hw> \K/bl\F'\n"mQnZ/, /-"mA:nZ/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i a sweet opaque gelatinous dessert made with flavoured cornflour and milk. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iblancmanger,\i from \Iblanc\i 'white, \J\Xblank\x\j' + \Imanger\i 'eat', from Latin \Imanducare\i \J\Xmanducate\x\j\c
<hw>blanco</hw> \K/"blaNk\F'\nU/\k \In. & v.\i \BBrit.\b \IMil.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a white substance for whitening belts etc.\p\B2\b a similar coloured substance for colouring equipment etc. \Iv.tr.\i \B(-oes,\b \B-oed)\b treat with blanco. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iblanc\i 'white, \J\Xblank\x\j'\c
<hw>blandish</hw> \K/"blandIS/\k \Iv.tr.\i flatter; coax, cajole. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iblandir\i (see \J\X-ish\x (2))\j from Latin \Iblandiri\i from \Iblandus\i 'soft, smooth'\c
<hw>blandishment</hw> \K/"blandISm(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i flattery; cajolery.
<hw>blank</hw> \K/blaNk/\k \Iadj., n., & v.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b (of paper) not written or printed on. \Bb\b (of a document) with spaces left for a signature or details.\p\B2\b \Ba\b not filled; empty \3(a blank space).\c \Bb\b unrelieved; sheer; plain, undecorated \3(a blank wall).\c\p\B3\b \Ba\b having or showing no interest or expression \3(a blank face).\c \Bb\b void of incident or result. \Bc\b puzzled, nonplussed. \Bd\b having (temporarily) no knowledge or understanding \3(my mind went blank).\c\p\B4\b (with neg. import) complete, downright \3(a blank refusal;\c \2blank despair).\c\p\B5\b \Ieuphem.\i used in place of an adjective regarded as coarse or abusive.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a space left to be filled in a document. \Bb\b a document having blank spaces to be filled.\p\B2\b (in full \Bblank cartridge)\b \IMil\i a cartridge containing gunpowder but no bullet, used for training etc.\p\B3\b an empty space or period of time.\p\B4\b \Ba\b a coin-disc before stamping. \Bb\b a metal or wooden block before final shaping.\p\B5\b \Ba\b a dash written instead of a word or letter, esp. instead of an obscenity. \Bb\b \Ieuphem.\i used in place of a noun regarded as coarse.\p\B6\b \IGames\i a domino with one or both halves blank.\p\B7\b \IGambling\i a lottery ticket that gains no prize.\p\B8\b \IArchery\i the white centre of the target in archery etc. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \I(usu. foll. by \Boff,\b \Bout)\b\i screen, obscure \3(clouds blanked out the sun).\c\p\B2\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bout)\b\i cut (a metal blank).\p\B3\b \BN. Amer.\b defeat without allowing to score.\p\1draw a blank\c elicit no response; fail. \Bblankly\b \Iadv.\i \Bblankness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iblanc\i 'white', ultimately from Germanic\c
<hw>blank cheque</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ICommerce\i a cheque with the amount left for the payee to fill in.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i unlimited freedom of action \I(cf.\i \J\Xcarte blanche\x).\j
<hw>blanket</hw> \K/"blaNkIt/\k \In., adj., & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a large piece of woollen or other material used esp. as a bed-covering or to wrap up a person or an animal for warmth.\p\B2\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bof)\b\i a thick mass or layer that covers something \3(blanket of fog;\c \2blanket of silence).\c\p\B3\b \IPrinting\i a rubber surface transferring an impression from a plate to paper etc. in offset printing. \Iattrib.adj.\i covering all cases or classes; inclusive \3(blanket condemnation;\c \2blanket agreement).\c \Iv.tr.\i \B(blanketed,\b \Bblanketing)\b\p\B1\b cover with or as if with a blanket \3(snow blanketed the land).\c\p\B2\b stifle; keep quiet \3(blanketed all discussion).\c\p\B3\b \INaut.\i take wind from the sails of (another craft) by passing to windward.\p\1born on the wrong side of the blanket\c illegitimate. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, in the sense 'undyed woollen cloth', from Old French \Iblancquet,\i \Iblanchet,\i from \Iblanc\i 'white, \J\Xblank\x\j'\c
<hw>blanket bath</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IMed\i a body wash given to a bedridden patient.
<hw>blanket bog</hw>\p\In.\i\pan extensive flat peat bog formed in cool regions of high rainfall or humidity.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k
<hw>blanket stitch</hw>\p\In.\i\p\INeedlework\i a stitch used to neaten the edges of a blanket or other material.
<hw>blanquette</hw> \K/blQ~"kEt/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i a dish consisting of white meat, e.g. veal, in a white sauce. \BEtymology:\b \3French (as \J\Xblanket\x)\j\c
<hw>blare</hw> \K/blE:/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr. & intr.\i sound or utter loudly.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i make the sound of a trumpet.\p\In.\i\pa loud sound resembling that of a trumpet. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Middle Dutch \Iblaren,\i \Ibleren,\i imitative\c
<hw>blarney</hw> \K/"blA:ni/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b cajoling talk; flattery.\p\B2\b nonsense.\p\Iv.\i\p\B(-eys,\b \B-eyed)\b\p\B1\b \Itr.\i flatter (a person) with blarney.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i talk flatteringly. \BEtymology:\b \3\IBlarney,\i an Irish castle near Cork with a stone said to confer a cajoling tongue on whoever kisses it\c
<hw>blasΘ</hw> \K/"blA:zeI/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b unimpressed or indifferent because of overfamiliarity.\p\B2\b tired of pleasure; surfeited. \BEtymology:\b \3French\c
<hw>blaspheme</hw> \K/blas"fi:m/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \IRelig\i use religious names, or treat a religious or sacred subject, irreverently.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i talk irreverently about; use blasphemy against. \Bblasphemer\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iblasfemer\i and ecclesiastical Latin \Iblasphemare\i 'reproach, revile, blaspheme', from Greek \Iblasphemeo:\i cf. \J\Xblame\x\j\c
<hw>blasphemy</hw> \K/"blasf\F'\nmi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IRelig\i\p\B1\b irreverent talk or treatment of a religious or sacred thing.\p\B2\b an instance of this. \Bblasphemous\b \Iadj.\i \Bblasphemously\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iblasfemie\i and ecclesiastical Latin from Greek \Iblasphemia\i 'slander, blasphemy'\c
<hw>blast</hw> \K/blA:st/\k \In., v., & int.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMeteorol\i a strong gust of air.\p\B2\b \Ba\b a destructive wave of highly compressed air spreading outwards from an explosion. \Bb\b such an explosion.\p\B3\b the single loud note of a wind instrument, car horn, whistle, etc.\p\B4\b \Icolloq.\i a severe reprimand.\p\B5\b a strong current of air used in smelting etc.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i blow up (rocks etc.) with explosives.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b \IMeteorol\i wither, shrivel, or blight (a plant, animal, limb, etc.) \3(blasted oak).\c \Bb\b destroy, ruin \3(blasted her hopes).\c \Bc\b strike with divine anger; curse.\p\B3\b \Iintr. & tr.\i make or cause to make a loud or explosive noise \3(blasted away on his trumpet).\c\p\B4\b \Itr.\i \Icolloq.\i reprimand severely.\p\B5\b \Icolloq.\i \Ba\b \Itr.\i shoot; shoot at. \Bb\b \Iintr.\i shoot. \Iint.\i \BBrit.\b expressing annoyance.\p\1at full blast\c \Icolloq.\i working at maximum speed etc.\p\1blast from the past\c a forcefully nostalgic event or thing.\p\Bblast off\b \IAstronaut\i (of a rocket etc.) take off from a launching site. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iblµst,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>-blast</hw> \K/blast/\k \Icomb. form\i \IBiol.\i\p\B1\b an embryonic cell \3(erythroblast)\c \I(cf.\i \J\X-cyte\x).\j\p\B2\b a germ layer of an embryo \3(epiblast).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iblastos\i 'sprout'\c
<hw>blaster</hw> \K/"blA:st\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Iin senses of\i \J\Xblast\x\p\Iv.\i\p\j\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b a heavy lofted golf club for playing from a bunker.
<hw>blast freezing</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IFood\i the freezing of foodstuffs etc. by means of a rapid current of chilled air. \Bblast freeze\b \Iv.tr.\i\Knew word in COD9 f. NSOED, News Aug 93\k
<hw>blast furnace</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMetallurgy\i a smelting furnace into which compressed hot air is driven.
<hw>blast-hole</hw>\p\In.\i\pa hole containing an explosive charge for blasting.
<hw>blast-off</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAstronaut\i\p\B1\b the launching of a rocket etc.\p\B2\b the initial thrust for this.
<hw>blastula</hw> \K/"blastjUl\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bblastulae\b \K/-li:/\k or \BUS\b \Bblastulas)\b \IBiol.\i an animal embryo at an early stage of development when it is a hollow ball of cells. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from Greek \Iblastos\i 'sprout'\c
<hw>blatant</hw> \K/"bleIt(\F'\n)nt/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b flagrant, unashamed \3(blatant attempt to steal).\c\p\B2\b offensively noisy or obtrusive. \Bblatancy\b\p\In.\i\p\Bblatantly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3a word used by Spenser (1596), perhaps influenced by Scots \Iblatand\i = bleating\c
<hw>blather</hw> \K/"blaD\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i (also \Bblether\b \K/"blED\F'\n/\k)\p\In.\i\pfoolish chatter. \Iv.intr.\i chatter foolishly. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English \Iblather,\i Scots \Iblether,\i from Old Norse \Iblathra\i 'talk nonsense' from \Iblathr\i 'nonsense'\c
<hw>blatherskite</hw> \K/"blaD\F'\nskVIt/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bbletherskate\b \K/"blED\F'\nskeIt/\k)\p\B1\b a person who blathers.\p\B2\b = \J\Xblather\x\p\In.\i\p\j \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xblather\x\j + \Iskite,\i corruption of derog. use of \J\Xskate\x (2)\j\c
<hw>blaxploitation</hw> \K/blaksplOI"teIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(usu. \Battrib.)\b\i \Besp. US\b \ICinematog.\i \Icolloq.\i the exploitation of black people, esp. with regard to stereotyped roles in films.\Knew f. Kpb, Inc., corpus, Sept 94\k
<hw>blaze (1)</hw> \K/bleIz/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a bright flame or fire.\p\B2\b \Ba\b a bright glaring light \3(the sun set in a blaze of orange).\c \Bb\b a full light \3(a blaze of publicity).\c\p\B3\b a violent outburst (of passion etc.) \3(a blaze of patriotic fervour).\c\p\B4\b \Ba\b a glow of colour \3(roses were a blaze of scarlet).\c \Bb\b a bright display \3(a blaze of glory).\c \Iv.intr.\i\p\B1\b burn with a bright flame.\p\B2\b be brilliantly lit.\p\B3\b be consumed with anger, excitement, etc.\p\B4\b \Ba\b show bright colours \3(blazing with jewels).\c \Bb\b emit light \3(stars blazing).\c\p\Bblaze away\b \I(often foll. by \Bat)\b\i\p\B1\b fire continuously with rifles etc.\p\B2\b work enthusiastically.\p\Bblaze up\b\p\B1\b burst into flame.\p\B2\b burst out in anger.\p\1like blazes\c \Islang\i\p\B1\b with great energy.\p\B2\b very fast.\p\1what the blazes!\c \Islang\i what the hell! \Bblazingly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iblµse\i 'torch', from Germanic: ultimately related to \J\Xblaze\x (2)\j\c
<hw>blaze (2)</hw> \K/bleIz/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool\i a white mark on an animal's face.\p\B2\b a mark made on a tree by slashing the bark esp. to mark a route. \Iv.tr.\i mark (a tree or a path) by chipping bark.\p\1blaze a trail\c\p\B1\b mark out a path or route.\p\B2\b be the first to do, invent, or study something; pioneer. \BEtymology:\b \317th c.: ultimately from Germanic, related to \J\Xblaze\x (1)\j and probably to \J\Xblemish\x\j\c
<hw>blaze (3)</hw> \K/bleIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i proclaim as with a trumpet.\p\Bblaze abroad\b spread (news) about. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Low German or Dutch \Iblazen\i 'blow', from Germanic \Iblµsan\i\c
<hw>blazer</hw> \K/"bleIz\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IClothing\i\p\B1\b a coloured, often striped, summer jacket worn by schoolchildren, sportsmen, etc., esp. as part of a uniform.\p\B2\b a man's plain jacket, often dark blue, not forming part of a suit. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xblaze\x (1)\j + \J\X-er\x (1)\j\c
<hw>blazon</hw> \K/"bleIz(\F'\n)n/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b proclaim \3(esp. blazon abroad).\c\p\B2\b \IHeraldry\i \Ba\b describe or paint (arms). \Bb\b inscribe or paint (an object) with arms, names, etc.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IHeraldry\i a correct description of armorial bearings etc.\Ksense a shield etc. omitted on advice of AH Sep 93\k\p\B2\b a record or description, esp. of virtues etc. \Bblazonment\b\p\In.\i\p\Kblazoner omitted Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iblason\i 'shield', of unknown origin; verb also from \J\Xblaze\x (3)\j\c
<hw>blazonry</hw> \K/"bleIz(\F'\n)nri/\k\p\In.\i\p\IHeraldry\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the art of describing or painting heraldic devices or armorial bearings. \Bb\b such devices or bearings.\p\B2\b brightly coloured display.
<hw>bleach</hw> \K/bli:tS/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.tr. & intr.\i whiten by exposure to sunlight or by a chemical process.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IChem\i a bleaching substance.\p\B2\b the process of bleaching. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iblµcan,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>bleacher</hw> \K/"bli:tS\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IChem Textiles\i \Ba\b a person who bleaches (esp. textiles). \Bb\b a vessel or chemical used in bleaching.\p\B2\b \I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i \Besp. N. Amer.\b \ISport\i a cheap bench seat at a sports ground, usu. in an outdoor uncovered stand.
<hw>bleaching powder</hw>\p\In.\i\pcalcium hypochlorite used esp. to remove colour from materials.
<hw>bleak (1)</hw> \K/bli:k/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b bare, exposed; windswept.\p\B2\b unpromising; dreary \3(bleak prospects).\c \Bbleakly\b \Iadv.\i \Bbleakness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \316th c.: related to obsolete adjs. \Ibleach,\i \Iblake\i (from Old Norse \Ibleikr)\i 'pale', ultimately from Germanic: cf. \J\Xbleach\x\j\c
<hw>bleak (2)</hw> \K/bli:k/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i any of various small river fishes, esp. Alburnus alburnus. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, probably via Old Norse \Ibleikja,\i Old High German \Ibleicha\i from Germanic\c
<hw>blear</hw> \K/blI\F'\n/\k \Iadj. & v.\i \Iarchaic\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b (of the eyes or the mind) dim, dull, filmy.\p\B2\b indistinct. \Iv.tr.\i make dim or obscure; blur. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, of uncertain origin\c
<hw>bleary</hw> \K/"blI\F'\nri/\k \Iadj.\i \B(blearier,\b \Bbleariest)\b\p\B1\b (of the eyes) dim with sleep.\p\B2\b indistinct; blurred. \Bblearily\b \Iadv.\i \Bbleariness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>bleary-eyed</hw> \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b having dim sight or wits.\p\B2\b half awake.\Ksense 2 new in COD9 f. NSOED Aug 93\k
<hw>bleat</hw> \K/bli:t/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i (of a sheep, goat, or calf) make a weak, wavering cry.\p\B2\b \Iintr. & tr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bout)\b\i speak or say feebly, foolishly, or plaintively.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the sound made by a sheep, goat, etc.\p\B2\b a weak, plaintive, or foolish cry. \Bbleater\b\p\In.\i\p\Bbleatingly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iblµtan\i (imitative)\c
<hw>bleb</hw> \K/blEb/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Iesp. Med.\i a small blister on the skin.\p\B2\b a small bubble in glass or on water. \BEtymology:\b \3variant of \J\Xblob\x\j\c
<hw>bleed</hw> \K/bli:d/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\I(past\i and \Ipast part.\i \Bbled\b \K/bled/\k)\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i emit blood.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \IMed\i draw blood from surgically.\p\B3\b \Icolloq.\i \Ba\b \Itr.\i extort money from. \Bb\b \Iintr.\i part with money lavishly; suffer extortion.\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bfor)\b\i suffer wounds or violent death \3(bled for the Revolution).\c\p\B5\b \Iintr.\i \Ba\b \IBot\i (of a plant) emit sap. \Bb\b \IDyeing\i (of dye) come out in water.\p\B6\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b allow (fluid or gas) to escape from a closed system through a valve etc. \Bb\b treat (such a system) in this way.\p\B7\b \IPrinting\i \Ba\b \Iintr.\i (of a printed area) be cut into when pages are trimmed. \Bb\b \Itr.\i cut into the printed area of when trimming. \Bc\b \Itr.\i extend (an illustration) to the cut edge of a page.\p\In.\i\pan act of bleeding \I(cf.\i \J\Xnosebleed\x).\j\p\1one's heart bleeds\c usu. \Iiron.\i one is very sorrowful. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibledan,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>bleeder</hw> \K/"bli:d\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b \Icoarse slang\i a person (esp. as a term of contempt or disrespect) \3(lucky bleeder).\c\p\B2\b \IMed\i \Icolloq.\i a haemophiliac.
<hw>bleeding heart</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Icolloq.\i a person considered to be dangerously soft-hearted.\p\B2\b \IBot\i any of various plants, esp. Dicentra spectabilis which has heart-shaped crimson flowers hanging from an arched stem.
<hw>bleep</hw> \K/bli:p/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\pan intermittent high-pitched sound made electronically.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \Iintr.\i make such a sound, esp. as a signal. \Bb\b \Itr.\i cause to make such a sound.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \BBrit.\b summon with a bleeper.\Ksense 2 new in COD9 f. POD Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3imitative\c
<hw>bleeper</hw> \K/"bli:p\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b a small portable electronic device which emits bleeps when the wearer is contacted.
<hw>blemish</hw> \K/"blEmIS/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\pa physical or moral defect; a stain; a flaw \3(not a blemish on his character).\c \Iv.tr.\i spoil the beauty or perfection of; stain \3(spots blemished her complexion).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ible(s)mir\i \J(\X-ish\x (2))\j 'make pale', probably of Germanic origin and related to \J\Xblaze\x (2)\j\c
<hw>blench</hw> \K/blEn(t)S/\k \Iv.intr.\i flinch; quail. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old English \Iblencan,\i ultimately from Germanic\c
<hw>blend</hw> \K/blEnd/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\I(poet.\i \Ipast\i and \Ipast part.\i \Bblent)\b\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b mix (esp. sorts of tea, spirits, tobacco, etc.) together to produce a desired flavour etc. \Bb\b produce by this method \3(blended whisky).\c\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i form a harmonious compound; become one.\p\B3\b \Ba\b \Itr. & intr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i mingle or be mingled \3(truth blended with lies;\c \2blends well with the locals).\c \Bb\b \Itr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bin,\b \Bwith)\b\i \I\Iesp.\i Cookery\i mix thoroughly.\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i (esp. of colours): \Ba\b pass imperceptibly into each other. \Bb\b go well together; harmonize.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a mixture, esp. of various sorts of tea, spirits, tobacco, fibres, etc. \Bb\b a combination (of different abstract or personal qualities).\p\B2\b a portmanteau word. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English probably from Old Norse \Iblanda\i 'mix'\c
<hw>blende</hw> \K/blEnd/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMineral\i any naturally occurring metal sulphide, esp. zinc blende. \BEtymology:\b \3German from \Iblenden\i 'deceive', so called because, while often resembling galena, it yielded no lead\c
<hw>blender</hw> \K/"blEnd\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ICookery\i a mixing machine used in food preparation for liquidizing, chopping, or purΘeing.\p\B2\b \Ba\b a thing that blends. \Bb\b a person who blends.
<hw>Blenheim</hw> \K/"blEnIm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i\p\B1\b a small spaniel of a red and white breed.\p\B2\b this breed. \BEtymology:\b \3the Duke of Marlborough's seat at Woodstock in S. England, named after his victory at Blenheim in Bavaria (1704)\c
<hw>Blenheim Orange</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a golden-coloured apple which ripens late in the season.
<hw>blenny</hw> \K/"blEni/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IZool\i any of a family of small spiny-finned marine fish, esp. of the genus \IBlennius,\i having scaleless skins. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iblennius\i from Greek \Iblennos\i 'mucus', with reference to its mucous coating\c
<hw>blent</hw> \K/blEnt/\k \Ipoet.\i \I\Ipast\i and \Ipast part.\i of\i \J\Xblend\x.\j
<hw>blepharitis</hw> \K/blEf\F'\n"rVItIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i inflammation of the eyelids. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iblepharon\i 'eyelid' + \J\X-itis\x\j\c
<hw>blepharo-</hw> \K/"blEf(\F'\n)r\F'\nU/\k \Icomb. form\i \IMed\i of or relating to the eyelids.\Knew f. Canad. Incs. Apr 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iblepharon\i 'eyelid'\c
<hw>blesbok</hw> \K/"blEsbQk/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bblesbuck\b \K/-bVk/\k) \IZool\i a subspecies of bontebok, native to southern Africa, having small lyre-shaped horns. \BEtymology:\b \3Afrikaans, from \Ibles\i \J\Xblaze\x (2)\j (from the white mark on its forehead) + \Ibok\i 'goat'\c
<hw>bless</hw> \K/blEs/\k \Iv.tr.\i \I(past\i and \Ipast part.\i \Bblessed,\b \Ipoet.\i \Bblest\b \K/blEst/\k)\p\B1\b \IRelig\i (of God, a priest, etc.) confer or invoke divine favour upon \3(bless this house).\c\p\B2\b \IRelig\i \Ba\b consecrate (esp. bread and wine). \Bb\b sanctify by the sign of the cross.\p\B3\b \IRelig\i call (God) holy; adore.\p\B4\b attribute one's good fortune to (an auspicious time, one's fate, etc.); thank \3(bless the day I met her;\c \2bless my stars).\c\p\B5\b \I(usu. in \Bpassive;\b\i \Ioften foll. by \Bwith)\b\i make happy or successful \3(blessed with children;\c \2they were truly blessed).\c\p\B6\b \Ieuphem.\i curse; damn \3(bless the boy!).\c\p\1(God) bless me\c (or \Bmy soul)\b an exclamation of surprise, pleasure, indignation, etc.\p\1(God) bless you!\c\p\B1\b an exclamation of endearment, gratitude, etc.\p\B2\b an exclamation made to a person who has just sneezed.\p\1I'm (or well, I'm) blessed\c (or \Bblest)\b an exclamation of surprise etc.\p\1not have a penny to bless oneself with\c be impoverished. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibl£dsian,\i \Ibledsian,\i \Ibletsian,\i from \Iblod\i 'blood' (hence 'mark with blood, consecrate'): meaning influenced by its use at the conversion of the English to translate Latin \Ibenedicare\i 'praise'\c
<hw>blessed</hw> \K/"blEsId/, /blEst/\k \Iadj.\i (also \Ipoet.\i \Bblest\b \K/blEst/\k)\p\B1\b \Ba\b \IRelig\i consecrated \3(Blessed Sacrament).\c \Bb\b revered.\p\B2\b \K/blest/\k \I(usu. foll. by \Bwith)\b\i often \Iiron.\i fortunate (in the possession of) \3(blessed with good health;\c \2blessed with children).\c\p\B3\b \Ieuphem.\i cursed; damned \3(blessed nuisance!).\c\p\B4\b \IRelig\i \Ba\b in paradise. \Bb\b \IRC Ch.\i a title given to a dead person, esp. one formally beatified, as an acknowledgement of his or her holy life.\p\B5\b bringing happiness; blissful \3(blessed ignorance).\c \Bblessedly\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>blessedness</hw> \K/"blEsIdnIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b happiness.\p\B2\b \IRelig\i the enjoyment of divine favour.\p\1single blessedness\c \Ijoc.\i the state of being unmarried (perversion of Shakespeare's \IA Midsummer Night's Dream\i i. i. 78).
<hw>blessing</hw> \K/"blEsIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i\p\B1\b the act of declaring, seeking, or bestowing (esp. divine) favour \3(sought God's blessing;\c \2mother gave them her blessing).\c\p\B2\b grace said before or after a meal.\p\B3\b a gift of God, nature, etc.; a thing one is glad of \3(what a blessing he brought it!).\c\p\1blessing in disguise\c an apparent misfortune that eventually has good results.
<hw>blewits</hw> \K/"blu:Its/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i any fungus of the genus \ITricholoma,\i with edible lilac-stemmed mushrooms. \BEtymology:\b \3probably from \J\Xblue\x (1)\j\c
<hw>blight</hw> \K/blVIt/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBot\i a plant disease caused by mildews, rusts, smuts, fungi, or insects.\p\B2\b \IZool\i an insect or parasite causing such a disease.\p\B3\b any obscure force which is harmful or destructive.\p\B4\b an unsightly or neglected urban area. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b affect with blight.\p\B2\b harm, destroy.\p\B3\b spoil. \BEtymology:\b \317th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>blighter</hw> \K/"blVIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i a person (esp. as a term of contempt or disparagement). \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xblight\x\j + \J\X-er\x (1)\j\c
<hw>Blighty</hw> \K/"blVIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IMil\i \Islang\i (used originally by soldiers during the First World War)\p\B1\b Britain or England; home.\p\B2\b a wound securing return home.\Ksense 2 new in COD f. NSOED, corpus, COD box Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Anglo-Indian corruption of Urdu \Ibilayati,\i \Iwilayati\i 'foreign, European'\c
<hw>blimey</hw> \K/"blVImi/\k \Iint.\i (also \Bcor blimey\b \K/kO:/\k) \BBrit.\b \Icoarse slang\i an expression of surprise, excitement, alarm, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3corruption of \I(God)\i \Iblind me!\i\c
<hw>blimp</hw> \K/blImp/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b (also \B(Colonel) Blimp)\b \BBrit.\b a proponent of reactionary Establishment opinions.\p\B2\b \IAeron\i \Ba\b a small non-rigid airship. \Bb\b a barrage balloon.\p\B3\b \ICinematog\i a soundproof cover for a cine-camera. \Bblimpish\b \Iadj.\i\Kblimpery omitted Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \320th. c., of uncertain origin: in sense 1, a pompous, obese, elderly character invented by cartoonist David Low (d. 1963), and used in anti-German or anti-Government drawings before and during the Second World War\c
<hw>blind</hw> \K/blVInd/\k \Iadj., v., n., & adv.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b lacking the power of sight.\p\B2\b \Ba\b without foresight, discernment, intellectual perception, or adequate information \3(blind effort).\c \Bb\b \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i unwilling or unable to appreciate (a factor, circumstance, etc.) \3(blind to argument).\c\p\B3\b not governed by purpose or reason \3(blind forces).\c\p\B4\b reckless \3(blind hitting).\c\p\B5\b \Ba\b concealed \3(blind ditch).\c \Bb\b (of a door, window, etc.) walled up. \Bc\b closed at one end.\p\B6\b \IAeron.\i (of flying) without direct observation, using instruments only.\p\B7\b \Islang\i drunk.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i deprive of sight, permanently or temporarily \3(blinded by tears).\c\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i rob of judgement; deceive \3(blinded them to the danger).\c\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i \BBrit.\b \Islang\i go very fast and dangerously, esp. in a motor vehicle.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a screen for a window, esp. on a roller, or with slats \3(roller blind;\c \2venetian blind).\c \Bb\b \BBrit.\b an awning over a shop window.\p\B2\b \Ba\b something designed or used to hide the truth; a pretext. \Bb\b \BBrit.\b a legitimate business concealing a criminal enterprise \3(he's a spy, and his job is just a blind).\c\p\B3\b any obstruction to sight or light.\p\B4\b \BBrit.\b \IDrink\i \Islang\i a heavy drinking bout.\p\B5\b \ICards\i a stake put up by a poker player before the cards dealt are seen.\p\B6\b \BUS\b = \J\Xhide\x (1)\p\In.\i\p\j \Iadv.\i blindly \3(fly blind).\c\p\1bake blind\c \ICookery\i bake (a flan case etc.) without a filling.\p\1blind as a bat\c completely blind.\p\Bblind to\b incapable of appreciating.\p\1blind with science\c \BBrit.\b overawe with a display of (often spurious) knowledge.\p\1go it blind\c act recklessly or without proper consideration.\p\1not a blind bit of\c (or \Bnot a blind)\b \BBrit.\b \Islang\i not the slightest; not a single \3(took not a blind bit of notice;\c \2not a blind word out of him).\c\p\1turn a (or one's) blind eye to\c pretend not to notice. \Bblindly\b \Iadv.\i \Bblindness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English, from Germanic\c
<hw>blind alley</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a cul-de-sac.\p\B2\b a course of action leading nowhere.
<hw>blind coal</hw>\p\In.\i\pcoal burning without a flame.
<hw>blind corner</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ITransport\i a corner round which a motorist etc. cannot see.
<hw>blind date</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a social engagement between a man and a woman who have not previously met.\p\B2\b either of the couple on a blind date.
<hw>blinder</hw> \K/"blVInd\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Icolloq.\i\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b \ISport Games\i an excellent performance in a game, race, etc.\p\B2\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \BN. Amer.\b blinkers.
<hw>blindfold</hw> \K/"blVIn(d)f\F'\nUld/\k \Iv., n., adj., & adv.\i \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b deprive (a person) of sight by covering the eyes, esp. with a tied cloth.\p\B2\b deprive of understanding; hoodwink.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a bandage or cloth used to blindfold.\p\B2\b any obstruction to understanding. \Iadj. & adv.\i\p\B1\b (also \Bblindfolded)\b with eyes bandaged.\p\B2\b (also \Bblindfolded)\b without care or circumspection \3(went into it blindfold).\c\p\B3\b \IChess\i without sight of board and men. \BEtymology:\b \3replacing (by association with \J\Xfold\x (1))\j Middle English \Iblindfellen,\i past part. \Iblindfelled,\i from Old English \Igeblindfellian\i 'strike blind' (as \J\Xblind\x,\j \J\Xfell\x (1))\j\c
<hw>blind gut</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAnat\i the caecum.
<hw>blind hookey</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICards\i a gambling guessing game at cards.
<hw>blinding</hw> \K/"blVIndIN/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\IBuilding Engin\i\p\B1\b the process of covering a newly made road etc. with grit to fill cracks.\p\B2\b such grit. \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b causing blindness; very bright \3(a blinding light).\c\p\B2\b robbing one of judgement; disconcerting; brilliant \3(blinding surprise;\c \2blinding performance).\c \Bblindingly\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>blind man's buff</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Besp. Brit.\b \IGames\i a game in which a blindfold player tries to catch others while being pushed about by them. \BEtymology:\b \3\Ibuff\i 'a blow': see \J\Xbuffet\x (2)\j\c
<hw>blind side</hw>\p\In.\i\pa direction in which one cannot see the approach of danger etc.
<hw>blind spot</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IAnat.\i the point of entry of the optic nerve on the retina, insensitive to light.\p\B2\b an area in which a person lacks understanding or impartiality.\p\B3\b \IRadio\i a point of unusually weak radio reception.
<hw>blind stamping</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bblind tooling)\b \IPrinting\i embossing a book cover without the use of colour or gold leaf.
<hw>blind stitch</hw> \In. & v.\i \INeedlework\i\p\In.\i\psewing visible on one side only. \Iv.tr. & intr.\i \B(blind-stitch)\b sew with this stitch.
<hw>blind trust</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce Polit\i a trust independently administering the private business interests of a person in public office to prevent conflict of interest.\Knew f. SOED, corpus, incomings Sept 94\k
<hw>blink</hw> \K/blINk/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i shut and open the eyes quickly and usu. involuntarily.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bat)\b\i look with eyes opening and shutting.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b \I(often foll. by \Bback)\b\i prevent (tears) by blinking. \Bb\b \I(often foll. by \Baway,\b \Bfrom)\b\i clear (dust etc.) from the eyes by blinking.\p\B4\b \Itr. & \I(foll. by \Bat)\b\i intr.\i shirk consideration of; ignore; condone.\p\B5\b \Iintr.\i \Ba\b shine with an unsteady or intermittent light. \Bb\b cast a momentary gleam.\p\B6\b \Itr.\i blink with (eyes).\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an act of blinking.\p\B2\b a momentary gleam or glimpse.\p\B3\b = \J\Xiceblink\x.\j\p\1on the blink\c \Islang\i out of order, esp. intermittently. \BEtymology:\b \3partly variant of \Iblenk\i = \J\Xblench\x,\j partly from Middle Dutch \Iblinken\i 'shine'\c
<hw>blinker</hw> \K/"blINk\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i either of a pair of screens attached to a horse's bridle to prevent it from seeing sideways.\p\B2\b a device that blinks, esp. a vehicle's indicator. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b obscure with blinkers.\p\B2\b (as \Bblinkered\b \Iadj.)\i having narrow and prejudiced views.
<hw>blip</hw> \K/blIp/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a minor deviation or error.\Ksense 1 new in COD9 f. POD, OMED Aug 93\k\p\B2\b a quick popping sound, as of dripping water or an electronic device.\p\B3\b a small image of an object on a radar screen.\p\Iv.\i\p\B(blipped,\b \Bblipping)\b\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i make a blip.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i strike or press briskly \3(blip the throttle).\c \BEtymology:\b \3imitative\c
<hw>bliss</hw> \K/blIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b perfect joy or happiness. \Bb\b enjoyment; gladness.\p\B2\b \IRelig\i \Ba\b being in heaven. \Bb\b a state of blessedness. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibliths,\i \Ibliss\i from the Germanic base of \J\Xblithe\x:\j sense influenced by \J\Xbless\x\j\c
<hw>blister</hw> \K/"blIst\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMed\i a small bubble on the skin filled with serum and caused by friction, burning, etc.\p\B2\b a similar swelling on any other surface.\p\B3\b \IMed.\i anything applied to raise a blister.\p\B4\b \BBrit.\b \Islang\i an annoying person.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i raise a blister on.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i come up in a blister or blisters.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i attack sharply \3(blistered them with his criticisms).\c\Kblistery omitted Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, perhaps from Old French \Iblestre,\i \Iblo(u)stre\i 'swelling, pimple'\c
<hw>blister copper</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMetallurgy\i partly purified copper with a blistered surface formed during smelting.
<hw>blister gas</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i a poison gas causing blisters on the skin.
<hw>B.Litt.</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IEducation\i Bachelor of Letters. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \IBaccalaureus Litterarum\i\c
<hw>blitz</hw> \K/blIts/\k \In. & v.\i \Icolloq.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \IMil\i an intensive or sudden (esp. aerial) attack. \Bb\b an energetic intensive attack, usu. on a specific task \3(must have a blitz on this room).\c\p\B2\b \B(the Blitz)\b \IMil\i the German air raids on London in 1940. \Iv.tr.\i attack, damage, or destroy by a blitz. \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation of \J\Xblitzkrieg\x\j\c
<hw>blitzkrieg</hw> \K/"blItskri:g/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i an intense military campaign intended to bring about a swift victory. \BEtymology:\b \3German, = lightning war\c
<hw>blizzard</hw> \K/"blIz\F'\nd/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMeteorol\i a severe snowstorm with high winds. \BEtymology:\b \3US 'violent blow' (1829), 'snowstorm' (1876), perhaps imitative\c
<hw>bloat</hw> \K/bl\F'\nUt/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr. & intr.\i inflate, swell \3(wind bloated the sheets;\c \2bloated with gas).\c\p\B2\b \Itr.\i (as \Bbloated\b \Iadj.)\i \Ba\b swollen, puffed. \Bb\b puffed up with pride or excessive wealth \3(bloated plutocrat).\c\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \ICookery\i cure (a herring) by salting and smoking lightly. \BEtymology:\b \3obsolete \Ibloat\i 'swollen, soft and wet', perhaps from Old Norse \Iblautr\i 'soaked, flabby'\c
<hw>bloater</hw> \K/"bl\F'\nUt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i a herring cured by bloating.
<hw>blob</hw> \K/blQb/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a small roundish mass; a drop of matter.\p\B2\b a drop of liquid.\p\B3\b a spot of colour.\p\B4\b \ICricket\i \Islang\i a score of 0. \BEtymology:\b \3imitative: cf. \J\Xbleb\x\j\c
<hw>bloc</hw> \K/blQk/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i a combination of parties, governments, groups, etc. sharing a common purpose. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = block\c
<hw>block</hw> \K/blQk/\k \In., v., & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a solid hewn or unhewn piece of hard material, esp. of rock, stone, or wood \3(block of ice).\c\p\B2\b a flat-topped block used as a base for chopping, beheading, standing something on, hammering on, or for mounting a horse from.\p\B3\b \Ba\b \Besp. Brit.\b a large building, esp. when subdivided \3(block of flats).\c \Bb\b a compact mass of buildings bounded by (usu. four) streets.\p\B4\b an obstruction; anything preventing progress or normal working \3(a block in the pipe).\c\p\B5\b a chock for stopping the motion of a wheel etc.\p\B6\b \IMech\i a pulley or system of pulleys mounted in a case.\p\B7\b \IToys\i \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i any of a set of solid cubes etc., used as a child's toy.\p\B8\b \IPrinting\i a piece of wood or metal engraved for printing on paper or fabric.\p\B9\b a head-shaped mould used for shaping hats or wigs.\p\B10\b \Islang\i the head \3(knock his block off).\c\p\B11\b \BN. Amer.\b \Ba\b the area between streets in a town or suburb. \Bb\b the length of such an area, esp. as a measure of distance \3(lives three blocks away).\c\p\B12\b a stolid, unimaginative, or hard-hearted person.\p\B13\b a large quantity or allocation of things treated as a unit, esp. shares, seats in a theatre, etc.\p\B14\b \Besp. Brit.\b a set of sheets of paper used for writing, or esp. drawing, glued along one edge.\p\B15\b \ICricket\i a spot on which a batsman blocks the ball before the wicket, and rests the bat before playing.\p\B16\b \IAthletics\i = \J\Xstarting block\x.\j\p\B17\b \IAmer. Football\i a blocking action.\p\B18\b \BAustral.\b \IGeog\i \Ba\b a tract of land offered to an individual settler by a government. \Bb\b a large area of land. \Bc\b an urban or suburban building plot.\K18c new f. ACOD, correspondence Aug 93\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \I(often foll. by \Bup)\b\i obstruct (a passage etc.) \3(the road was blocked;\c \2you are blocking my view).\c \Bb\b put obstacles in the way of (progress etc.).\p\B2\b restrict the use or conversion of (currency or any other asset).\p\B3\b use a block for making (a hat, wig, etc.).\p\B4\b \IPrinting\i emboss or impress a design on (a book cover).\p\B5\b \ICricket\i stop (a ball) with a bat defensively.\p\B6\b \IAmer. Football\i impede the progress of (an opponent) with one's body. \Iattrib.adj.\i treating (many similar things) as one unit \3(block booking).\c\p\Bblock in\b\p\B1\b sketch roughly; plan.\p\B2\b confine.\p\Bblock out\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b shut out (light, noise, etc.). \Bb\b exclude from memory, as being too painful.\p\B2\b sketch roughly; plan.\p\Bblock up\b\p\B1\b confine; shut (a person etc.) in.\p\B2\b infill (a window, doorway, etc.) with bricks etc.\p\1on the block\c \BN. Amer.\b being auctioned.\p\1put the blocks on\c prevent from proceeding. \Bblocker\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ibloc\i \I(n.),\i \Ibloquer\i \I(v.)\i from Middle Dutch \Iblok,\i of unknown origin\c
<hw>blockade</hw> \K/blQ"keId/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMil\i the surrounding or blocking of a place, esp. a port, by an enemy to prevent entry and exit of supplies etc.\p\B2\b anything that prevents access or progress.\p\B3\b \BN. Amer.\b an obstruction by snow etc. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b subject to a blockade.\p\B2\b obstruct (a passage, a view, etc.).\p\1run a blockade\c \IMil Naut\i enter or leave a blockaded port by evading the blockading force. \Bblockader\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xblock\x\j + \J\X-ade\x (1),\j probably influenced by \Iambuscade\i\c
<hw>blockade-runner</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMil Naut\i\p\B1\b a vessel which runs or attempts to run into or out of a blockaded port.\p\B2\b the owner, master, or one of the crew of such a vessel.
<hw>blockage</hw> \K/"blQkIdZ/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an obstruction.\p\B2\b a blocked state.
<hw>block and tackle</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMech\i a system of pulleys and ropes, esp. for lifting.
<hw>blockboard</hw> \K/"blQkbO:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ICarpentry\i a plywood board with a core of wooden strips.
<hw>blockbuster</hw> \K/"blQkbVst\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Islang\i\p\B1\b \ICinematog. etc.\i something of great power or size, esp. an epic film or a best-selling book.\p\B2\b \IMil\i a huge aerial bomb capable of destroying a whole block of buildings. \Bblockbusting\b \Iadj.\i\Kadj. new f. corpus Sept 94\k
<hw>block capitals</hw> \In.pl.\i \IPrinting\i letters printed without serifs, or written with each letter separate and in capitals.
<hw>block diagram</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMech\i a diagram showing the general arrangement of parts of an apparatus.
<hw>blockhouse</hw> \K/"blQkhaUs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFortification\i\p\B1\b a reinforced concrete shelter used as an observation point etc.\p\B2\b \Ihist.\i a one-storeyed timber building with loopholes, used as a fort.\p\B3\b a house made of squared logs.
<hw>blockish</hw> \K/"blQkIS/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b resembling a block.\p\B2\b excessively dull; stupid, obtuse.\p\B3\b clumsy, rude, roughly hewn.\Kblockishly, -ness omitted Aug 93\k
<hw>block mountain</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IGeol.\i a mountain formed by natural faults.
<hw>blockship</hw> \K/"blQkSIp/\k\p\In.\i\p\INaut.\i a ship used to block a channel.
<hw>block system</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IRailways\i a system by which no railway train may enter a section that is not clear.
<hw>block tin</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMetallurgy\i refined tin cast in ingots.
<hw>block vote</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bbloc vote)\b \IPolit\i a vote proportional in power to the number of people a delegate represents.
<hw>bloke</hw> \K/bl\F'\nUk/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i a man, a fellow. \BEtymology:\b \3Shelta\c
<hw>blond</hw> \K/blQnd/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b (of hair) light-coloured; fair.\p\B2\b (of the complexion, esp. as an indication of race) light-coloured.\p\In.\i\pa person with fair hair and skin. \Bblondish\b \Iadj.\i \Bblondness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via French from medieval Latin \Iblondus,\i \Iblundus\i 'yellow', perhaps of Germanic origin\c
<hw>blonde</hw> \K/blQnd/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IHairdressing\i \Iadj.\i (of a woman or a woman's hair) blond.\p\In.\i\pa blond-haired woman. \BEtymology:\b \3French fem. of \Iblond;\i see \J\Xblond\x\j\c
<hw>blood</hw> \K/blVd/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\IBiol\i\p\B1\b a liquid, usually red and circulating in the arteries and veins of vertebrates, that carries oxygen to and carbon dioxide from the tissues of the body.\p\B2\b a corresponding fluid in invertebrates.\p\B3\b bloodshed, esp. killing.\p\B4\b passion, temperament.\p\B5\b race, descent, parentage \3(of the same blood).\c\p\B6\b family ties; relations \3(own flesh and blood;\c \2blood is thicker than water).\c\p\B7\b \Besp. Brit.\b \Islang\i a leader of fashion. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \IHunting\i give (a hound) a first taste of blood.\p\B2\b initiate (a person) by experience.\p\1bad blood\c ill feeling.\p\1blood-and-thunder\c \I\B(attrib.)\b\i \Icolloq.\i sensational, melodramatic.\p\1one's blood is up\c one is in a fighting mood.\p\1first blood\c \IBoxing Sport\i\p\B1\b the first shedding of blood, esp. in boxing.\p\B2\b the first point gained in a contest etc.\p\1in one's blood\c inherent in one's character.\p\1make one's blood boil\c infuriate one.\p\1make one's blood run cold\c horrify one.\p\1new (or fresh) blood\c new members admitted to a group, esp. as an invigorating force.\p\1of the blood\c royal.\p\1out for a person's blood\c set on getting revenge.\p\1taste blood\c be stimulated by an early success.\p\1young blood\c\p\B1\b a younger member or members of a group.\p\B2\b a rake or fashionable young man. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iblod,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>blood bank</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a place where supplies of blood or plasma for transfusion are stored.\Kalso the supply itself?\k
<hw>blood-borne</hw> \Iadj.\i \IMed\i carried by the blood.\Knew f. corpus Sept 94\k
<hw>blood brother</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IGenealog\i a brother by birth or by the ceremonial mingling of blood.
<hw>blood cell</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhysiol\i any of the kinds of cell normally circulating in the blood.\Knew word in COD9 f. NSOED Aug 93\k
<hw>blood count</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i\p\B1\b the counting of the number of corpuscles in a specific volume of blood.\p\B2\b the number itself.
<hw>blood-curdling</hw> \Iadj.\i horrifying.
<hw>blood donor</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a person who gives blood for transfusion.
<hw>blooded</hw> \K/"blVdId/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IRacing\i (of horses etc.) of good pedigree.\p\B2\b \I(in \Bcomb.)\b\i having blood or a disposition of a specified kind \3(cold-blooded;\c \2red-blooded).\c
<hw>blood feud</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ISociol\i a feud between families involving killing or injury.
<hw>blood fluke</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMed Zool\i a flatworm parasitic in the blood, esp. a schistosome.\Knew f. OED Apr 94\k
<hw>blood group</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhysiol Med\i any of the various types of human blood whose antigen characteristics determine compatibility in transfusion.
<hw>blood-heat</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i the normal body temperature of a healthy human being, about 37 ░C or 98.4 ░F.
<hw>blood horse</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IRacing\i a thoroughbred horse.
<hw>bloodhound</hw> \K/"blVdhaUnd/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i\p\B1\b a large hound of a breed used in tracking and having a very keen sense of smell.\p\B2\b this breed.
<hw>bloodless</hw> \K/"blVdlIs/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b without blood.\p\B2\b unemotional; cold.\p\B3\b pale.\p\B4\b without bloodshed \3(a bloodless coup).\c\p\B5\b feeble; lifeless. \Bbloodlessly\b \Iadv.\i \Bbloodlessness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>bloodletting</hw> \K/"blVdlEtIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMed\i the surgical removal of some of a patient's blood.\p\B2\b \Ioften joc.\i bloodshed.
<hw>bloodline</hw> \K/"blVdlVIn/\k\p\In.\i\pdescent, pedigree, esp. as transmitting characteristics in an animal.\Knew f. SOED, corpus Sept 94\k
<hw>bloodlust</hw> \K/"blVdlVst/\k\p\In.\i\pthe desire for shedding blood.
<hw>blood money</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICriminol\i\p\B1\b money paid to the next of kin of a person who has been killed.\p\B2\b money paid to a hired murderer.\p\B3\b money paid for information about a murder or murderer.
<hw>blood orange</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i an orange with red or red-streaked pulp.
<hw>blood poisoning</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a diseased state caused by the presence of micro-organisms or their toxins in the blood.
<hw>blood pressure</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i the pressure of the blood in the circulatory system, often measured for diagnosis since it is closely related to the force and rate of the heartbeat and the diameter and elasticity of the arterial walls.
<hw>blood red</hw> \In. & adj.\i \IColour\i\p\In.\i\pthe bright red colour of blood. \Iadj.\i \I(hyphenated when \Battrib.)\b\i of this colour.\Kn. new f. corpus Oct 94\k
<hw>blood relation</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bblood relative)\b \IGenealogy\i a relative by blood, not by marriage.
<hw>bloodstone</hw> \K/"blVdst\F'\nUn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMineral\i a type of green chalcedony spotted or streaked with red, often used as a gemstone.
<hw>bloodstream</hw> \K/"blVdstri:m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i the blood in circulation.
<hw>bloodsucker</hw> \K/"blVdsVk\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool\i an animal or insect that sucks blood, esp. a leech.\p\B2\b an extortioner. \Bbloodsucking\b \Iadj.\i
<hw>blood sugar</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBiochem Physiol\i the amount of glucose in the blood.
<hw>blood test</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a scientific examination of blood, esp. for diagnosis.
<hw>blood transfusion</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i the injection of a volume of blood, previously taken from a healthy person, into a patient.
<hw>blood vessel</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAnat\i a vein, artery, or capillary carrying blood.
<hw>bloodworm</hw> \K/"blVdw\F'\n:m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i\p\B1\b a bright red aquatic larva of any of several non-biting midges.\p\B2\b = \J\Xtubifex\x.\j
<hw>blood-wort</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i any of various plants having red roots or leaves, esp. the red-veined dock.
<hw>bloody</hw> \K/"blVdi/\k \Iadj., adv., & v.\i \Iadj.\i \B(bloodier,\b \Bbloodiest)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b of or like blood. \Bb\b running or smeared with blood \3(bloody bandage).\c\p\B2\b \Ba\b involving, loving, or resulting from bloodshed \3(bloody battle).\c \Bb\b sanguinary; cruel \3(bloody butcher).\c\p\B3\b \Besp. Brit.\b \Icoarse slang\i expressing annoyance or antipathy, or as an intensive \3(a bloody shame;\c \2a bloody sight better;\c \2not a bloody chocolate left).\c\p\B4\b red. \Iadv.\i \Besp. Brit.\b \Icoarse slang\i as an intensive \3(a bloody good job;\c \2I'll bloody thump him).\c \Iv.tr.\i \B(-ies,\b \B-ied)\b make bloody; stain with blood. \Bbloodily\b \Iadv.\i \Bbloodiness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iblodig\i (as \J\Xblood\x,\j \J\X-y\x (1))\j\c
<hw>bloody hand</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IHeraldry\i the armorial device of a baronet.
<hw>Bloody Mary</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IDrink\i a drink composed of vodka and tomato juice.
<hw>bloody murder</hw> \BN. Amer.\b \Ivar. of\i \J\Xblue murder\x.\j\Knew f. K. Barber Nov 93\k
<hw>bloom (1)</hw> \K/blu:m/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBot Hort\i \Ba\b a flower, esp. one cultivated for its beauty. \Bb\b the state of flowering \3(in bloom).\c\p\B2\b a state of perfection or loveliness; the prime \3(in full bloom).\c\p\B3\b \Ba\b (of the complexion) a flush; a glow. \Bb\b a delicate powdery surface deposit on plums, grapes, leaves, etc., indicating freshness. \Bc\b a cloudiness on a shiny surface.\p\B4\b \IBot\i (in full \Balgal bloom\b or \Bwater-bloom)\b a rapid growth of microscopic algae in water, or a coloured scum formed by this.\Ksense 4 new f. NSOED Apr 94 revised after OERD Apr 94\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i bear flowers; be in flower.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \Ba\b come into, or remain in, full beauty. \Bb\b flourish; be in a healthy, vigorous state.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \IPhotog.\i coat (a lens) so as to reduce reflection from its surface.\p\1take the bloom off\c make stale. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old Norse \Ibl≤m,\i \Ibl≤mi\i 'flower, blossom', from the Germanic base of \J\Xblossom\x\j\c
<hw>bloom (2)</hw> \K/blu:m/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\IMetallurgy\i a mass of puddled iron hammered or squeezed into a thick bar. \Iv.tr.\i make into bloom. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibloma\i\c
<hw>bloomer (1)</hw> \K/"blu:m\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \Islang\i a blunder. \BEtymology:\b \3= \J\Xblooming\x\j \Ierror\i\c
<hw>bloomer (2)</hw> \K/"blu:m\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ICookery\i an oblong loaf with a rounded diagonally slashed top. \BEtymology:\b \320th c.: origin uncertain\c
<hw>bloomer (3)</hw> \K/"blu:m\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBot\i a plant that blooms (in a specified way) \3(early autumn bloomer).\c\p\B2\b \BN. Amer.\b a person who develops or matures (in a specified way) \3(she's a late bloomer).\c\Ksense 2 new f. incomings Nov 93\k
<hw>bloomers</hw> \K/"blu:m\F'\nz/\k \In.pl.\i \IClothing\i\p\B1\b women's loose-fitting almost knee-length knickers.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i any women's knickers.\p\B3\b \Ihist.\i women's and girls' loose-fitting trousers, gathered at the knee or (originally) the ankle. \BEtymology:\b \3Mrs A. \IBloomer,\i American social reformer (d. 1894), who advocated a similar garment\c
<hw>bloomery</hw> \K/"blu:m\F'\nri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IMetallurgy\i a factory that makes puddled iron into blooms.
<hw>Bloomsbury</hw> \K/"blu:mzb(\F'\n)ri/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p(in full \BBloomsbury Group)\b \ILiterature Art Philos\i a group of writers, artists, and philosophers living in or associated with Bloomsbury in London in the early 20th c. \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b associated with or similar to the Bloomsbury Group.\p\B2\b intellectual; highbrow.
<hw>blooper</hw> \K/"blu:p\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Besp. N. Amer.\b \Icolloq.\i an embarrassing error. \BEtymology:\b \3imitative \Ibloop\i + \J\X-er\x (1)\j\c
<hw>blossom</hw> \K/"blQs(\F'\n)m/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBot Hort\i a flower or a mass of flowers, esp. of a fruit tree.\p\B2\b the stage or time of flowering \3(the cherry tree in blossom).\c\p\B3\b a promising stage \3(the blossom of youth).\c \Iv.intr.\i\p\B1\b open into flower.\p\B2\b reach a promising stage; mature, thrive. \Bblossomy\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iblostm(a),\i from the Germanic base of \J\Xbloom\x (1)\j\c
<hw>blot</hw> \K/blQt/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a spot or stain of ink etc.\p\B2\b a moral defect in an otherwise good character; a disgraceful act or quality.\p\B3\b any disfigurement or blemish.\p\B4\b \IBiochem.\i a procedure in which proteins etc. separated on a gel are transferred directly to an immobilizing medium for identification.\Ksense 4 of noun new f. OERD Apr 94\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B(blotted,\b \Bblotting)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b \Itr.\i spot or stain with ink; smudge. \Bb\b \Iintr.\i (of a pen, ink, etc.) make blots.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b use blotting paper or other absorbent material to absorb excess ink. \Bb\b (of blotting paper etc.) soak up (esp. ink).\p\B3\b \Itr.\i disgrace \3(blotted his reputation).\c\p\B4\b \Itr.\i \IBiochem.\i transfer by means of a blot.\Ksense 4 of verb new f. OERD Apr 94\k\p\1blot one's copybook\c \BBrit.\b damage one's reputation.\p\1blot on the escutcheon of\c \Isee\i \J\Xescutcheon\x.\j\p\Bblot out\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b obliterate (writing). \Bb\b obscure (a view, sound, etc.).\p\B2\b obliterate (from the memory) as too painful.\p\B3\b destroy. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, probably from Scandinavian: cf. Icelandic \Iblettr\i 'spot, stain'\c
<hw>blotch</hw> \K/blQtS/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a discoloured or inflamed patch on the skin.\p\B2\b an irregular patch of ink or colour. \Iv.tr.\i cover with blotches. \Bblotchy\b \Iadj.\i \B(blotchier,\b \Bblotchiest).\b \BEtymology:\b \317th c.: from obsolete \Iplotch\i and \J\Xblot\x\j\c
<hw>blotter</hw> \K/"blQt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a sheet or sheets of blotting paper, usu. inserted into a frame.\p\B2\b \BN. Amer.\b \ICriminol\i a temporary recording-book, esp. a police charge sheet.
<hw>blotting paper</hw>\p\In.\i\punglazed absorbent paper used for soaking up excess ink.
<hw>blotto</hw> \K/"blQt\F'\nU/\k \Iadj.\i \Islang\i very drunk, esp. unconscious from drinking. \BEtymology:\b \320th c.: perhaps from \J\Xblot\x\j\c
<hw>blouse</hw> \K/"blaUz/\k \In. & v.\i \IClothing\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a woman's loose, usu. lightweight, upper garment, usu. buttoned and collared. \Bb\b \IMil Aeron\i the upper part of a soldier's or airman's battledress.\p\B2\b \IAgriculture\i a workman's or peasant's loose linen or cotton garment, usu. belted at the waist.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i make (a bodice etc.) loose like a blouse.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i swell or hang loosely like a blouse.\Ksense 2 new in COD9 f. NSOED Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3French, of unknown origin\c
<hw>blouson</hw> \K/"blu:zQn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IClothing\i a short blouse-shaped jacket. \BEtymology:\b \3French\c
<hw>blow (1)</hw> \K/bl\F'\nU/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\I(past\i \Bblew\b \K/blu:/\k; \Ipast part.\i \Bblown\b \K/bl\F'\nUn/\k)\p\B1\b \Ba\b \Iintr.\i (of the wind or air, or impersonally) move along; act as an air current \3(it was blowing hard).\c \Bb\b \Iintr.\i be driven by an air current \3(waste paper blew along the gutter).\c \Bc\b \Itr.\i drive with an air current \3(blew the door open).\c\p\B2\b \Ba\b \Itr.\i send out (esp. air) by breathing \3(blew cigarette smoke;\c \2blew a bubble).\c \Bb\b \Iintr.\i send a directed air current from the mouth.\p\B3\b \Itr. & intr.\i sound or be sounded by blowing \3(the whistle blew;\c \2they blew the trumpets).\c\p\B4\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b direct an air current at \3(blew the embers).\c \Bb\b \I(foll. by \Boff,\b \Baway,\b etc.)\i clear by means of an air current \3(blew the dust off).\c\p\B5\b \Itr.\i \I(past part.\i \Bblowed)\b \I(esp. in \Bimper.)\b\i \BBrit.\b \Islang\i curse, damn \3(blow it!;\c \2I'll be blowed!;\c \2let's take a taxi and blow the expense).\c\p\B6\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b clear (the nose) of mucus by blowing. \Bb\b remove contents from (an egg) by blowing through it.\p\B7\b \Ba\b \Iintr.\i puff, pant. \Bb\b \Itr.\i \I(esp. in \Bpassive)\b\i exhaust of breath.\p\B8\b \Islang\i \Ba\b \Itr.\i depart suddenly from \3(blew the town yesterday).\c \Bb\b \Iintr.\i depart suddenly.\p\B9\b \Itr.\i shatter or send flying by an explosion \3(the bomb blew the tiles off the roof;\c \2blew them to smithereens).\c\p\B10\b \Itr.\i make or shape (glass or a bubble) by blowing air in.\p\B11\b \Itr. & intr.\i \IElectr. etc.\i melt or cause to melt from overloading \3(the fuse has blown).\c\p\B12\b \Iintr.\i (of a whale) eject air and water through a blowhole.\p\B13\b \Itr.\i break into (a safe etc.) with explosives.\p\B14\b \Itr.\i \Islang\i \Ba\b squander, spend recklessly \3(blew ú20 on a meal).\c \Bb\b spoil, bungle (an opportunity etc.) \3(he's blown his chances of winning).\c \Bc\b reveal (a secret etc.).\p\B15\b \Iintr.\i (of a food-tin etc.) swell and eventually burst from internal gas pressure.\p\B16\b \Itr.\i \IMus\i work the bellows of (an organ).\p\B17\b \Itr.\i \IZool\i (of flies) deposit eggs in.\Ksense 18 'boast' omitted Sept 94\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b an act of blowing (e.g. one's nose, a wind instrument). \Bb\b \IMus\i \Icolloq.\i a turn or spell of playing jazz (on any instrument); a musical session.\p\B2\b \Ba\b a gust of wind or air. \Bb\b exposure to fresh air.\Ksense 3 = fly-blow omitted Sep 94\k\Kn. sense 4 US boaster omitted - F. Abate Oct 94\k\p\1be blowed if one will\c \Islang\i be unwilling to.\p\Bblow away\b \Islang\i\p\B1\b kill, destroy, defeat.\Kb. away new in COD9 f. NSOED, corpus, incomings Aug 93\k\p\B2\b astound, amaze.\p\1blow the gaff\c \BBrit.\b reveal a secret inadvertently.\p\1blow hot and cold\c \Icolloq.\i vacillate.\p\Bblow in\b\p\B1\b break inwards by an explosion.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i arrive unexpectedly.\p\1blow a kiss\c kiss one's hand and wave it to a distant person.\p\1blow a person's mind\c \Islang\i cause a person to have drug-induced hallucinations or a similar experience.\p\Bblow off\b\p\B1\b escape or allow (steam etc.) to escape forcibly.\p\B2\b \Islang\i break wind noisily.\p\Bblow on\b (or \Bupon)\b \Iarchaic\i\p\B1\b expose.\p\B2\b discredit.\p\Bblow out\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b extinguish by blowing. \Bb\b send outwards by an explosion.\p\B2\b (of a tyre) burst.\p\B3\b (of a fuse etc.) melt.\p\B4\b \BN. Amer.\b \Islang\i \Ba\b defeat convincingly. \Bb\b render useless, break \3(he blew out his arm).\c\Ksense 4 new in COD9 f. Incomings Feb 94\k\p\Bblow over\b (of trouble etc.) fade away without serious consequences.\p\1blow one's own trumpet\c praise oneself.\p\1blow one's socks off\c \Isee\i \J\Xsock\x (1).\j\Knew idm f. corpus Mar 94\k\p\1blow one's top\c \B(N. Amer.\b also \Bstack)\b \Icolloq.\i explode in rage.\p\Bblow up\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b shatter or destroy by an explosion. \Bb\b explode, erupt.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i rebuke strongly.\p\B3\b inflate (a tyre etc.).\p\B4\b \Icolloq.\i \Ba\b enlarge (a photograph). \Bb\b exaggerate.\p\B5\b \Icolloq.\i come to notice; arise.\p\B6\b \Icolloq.\i lose one's temper.\p\1blow the whistle on\c \Isee\i \J\Xwhistle\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iblawan,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>blow (2)</hw> \K/bl\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a hard stroke with a hand or weapon.\p\B2\b a sudden shock or misfortune.\p\1at one blow\c by a single stroke; in one operation.\p\1come to blows\c end up fighting.\p\1strike a blow for\c (or \Bagainst)\b show support for (or opposition to). \BEtymology:\b \315th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>blow (3)</hw> \K/bl\F'\nU/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iarchaic\i \Iv.intr.\i \I(past\i \Bblew\b \K/blu:/\k; \Ipast part.\i \Bblown\b \K/bl\F'\nUn/\k) \IBot\i burst into or be in flower.\p\In.\i\pblossoming, bloom \3(in full blow).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iblowan,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>blow-ball</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i the globular seed-head of a dandelion etc.
<hw>blow-by-blow</hw> \Iattrib.adj.\i (of a description etc.) giving all the details in sequence.
<hw>blow-dry</hw> \Iv. & n.\i \IHairdressing\i \Iv.tr.\i arrange (the hair) while drying it with a hand-held dryer.\p\In.\i\pan act of doing this. \Bblow-dryer\b\p\In.\i\p(also \B-drier).\b\Kblow-drier subsumed Aug 92 aaw\k
<hw>blower</hw> \K/"bl\F'\nU\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Iin senses of\i \J\Xblow\x (1)\p\Iv.\i\p\j\p\B2\b a device for creating a current of air.\p\B3\b \Besp. Brit.\b \ITelephony\i \Icolloq.\i a telephone.
<hw>blowfish</hw> \K/"bl\F'\nUfIS/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i usu. same) \IZool\i any of several kinds of fish able to inflate their bodies when frightened etc., e.g. a globe-fish.
<hw>blowfly</hw> \K/"bl\F'\nUflVI/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-flies)\b \IZool\i a fly of the family Calliphoridae, laying its eggs on meat and carcasses, e.g. a bluebottle.
<hw>blowhole</hw> \K/"bl\F'\nUh\F'\nUl/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool\i the nostril of a whale, on the top of its head.\p\B2\b a hole (esp. in ice) for breathing or fishing through.\p\B3\b a vent for air, smoke, etc., in a tunnel etc.
<hw>blow job</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ISex\i \Icoarse slang\i an act of fellatio.
<hw>blowlamp</hw> \K/"bl\F'\nUlamp/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IBuilding\i a portable device with a very hot flame used for burning off paint, soldering, etc.
<hw>blow-out</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Icolloq.\i a burst tyre.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i a melted fuse.\p\B3\b \Icolloq.\i \Ba\b a huge meal. \Bb\b \BN. Amer.\b a large social gathering or party.\Ksense 3b new in COD9 f. Incomings, corpus Feb 94\k\p\B4\b an uncontrolled uprush of oil or gas from a well.\Ksense 4 new in COD9 f. COD box, NSOED Aug 93\k\p\B5\b \BN. Amer.\b \Islang\i a resounding defeat; failure.\Ksense 5 new in COD9 f. Incomings, corpus Feb 94\k
<hw>blowpipe</hw> \K/"bl\F'\nUpVIp/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IAnthropol\i a tube used esp. by primitive peoples for propelling arrows or darts by blowing.\p\B2\b \IMech\i a tube used to intensify the heat of a flame by blowing air or other gas through it at high pressure.\p\B3\b a tube used in glass-blowing.
<hw>blubber (1)</hw> \K/"blVb\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBiochem\i whale fat.\p\B2\b a spell of weeping.\p\B3\b \Icolloq.\i excess body fat.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i sob loudly.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i sob out (words). \Bblubberer\b\p\In.\i\p\Kblubberingly omitted Aug 93\k \Bblubbery\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, perhaps imitative\c
<hw>bluchers</hw> \K/"blu:k\F'\nz/\k \In.pl.\i \IClothing\i \Ihist.\i strong leather half-boots or high shoes. \BEtymology:\b \3G. L. von \IBlⁿcher,\i Prussian general (d. 1819)\c
<hw>bludge</hw> \K/blVdZ/\k \Iv. & n.\i \BAustral.\b & \BNZ\b \Islang\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i shirk responsibility or hard work.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i cadge, scrounge.\Ksense 2 of v. new in COD9 f. NSOED, DJT Aug 93\k\p\In.\i\pan easy job or assignment.\p\Bbludge on\b impose on. \BEtymology:\b \3back-formation from \J\Xbludger\x\j\c
<hw>bludgeon</hw> \K/"blVdZ(\F'\n)n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\pa club with a heavy end. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b beat with a bludgeon.\p\B2\b coerce. \BEtymology:\b \318th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>bludger</hw> \K/"blVdZ\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BAustral.\b & \BNZ\b \Islang\i\p\B1\b a hanger-on, a scrounger.\p\B2\b a loafer. \BEtymology:\b \3originally British slang, = pimp, from obsolete \Ibludgeoner\i from \J\Xbludgeon\x\j\c
<hw>blue (1)</hw> \K/blu:/\k \Iadj., n., & v.\i \Iadj.\i \B(bluer,\b \Bbluest)\b\p\B1\b having a colour like that of a clear sky.\p\B2\b sad, depressed; (of a state of affairs) gloomy, dismal \3(feel blue;\c \2blue times).\c\p\B3\b indecent, pornographic \3(a blue film).\c\p\B4\b with bluish skin through cold, fear, anger, etc.\p\B5\b \BBrit.\b \IPolit\i politically conservative.\p\B6\b having blue as a distinguishing colour \3(blue jay).\c\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a blue colour or pigment.\p\B2\b \IClothing\i blue clothes or material \3(dressed in blue).\c\p\B3\b \BBrit.\b \ISport Education\i \Ba\b a person who has represented a university (esp. Oxford or Cambridge) in a sport. \Bb\b this distinction. \ICf.\i \J\Xhalf-blue\x.\j\p\B4\b \BBrit.\b \IPolit\i a supporter of the Conservative Party.\p\B5\b \IZool\i any of various small blue-coloured butterflies of the family Lycaenidae.\p\B6\b blue powder used to whiten laundry.\p\B7\b \BAustral.\b \Islang\i \Ba\b an argument or row. \Bb\b (as a nickname) a red-headed person.\p\B8\b a blue ball, piece, etc. in a game or sport.\p\B9\b \I(prec. by \Bthe)\b\i the clear sky. \Iv.tr.\i \B(blues,\b \Bblued,\b \Bbluing\b or \Bblueing)\b\p\B1\b make blue.\p\B2\b treat with laundering blue.\p\1blue in the face\c in a state of extreme anger or exasperation.\p\1once in a blue moon\c very rarely.\p\1out of the blue\c unexpectedly. \Bblueness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ibleu,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>blue (2)</hw> \K/blu:/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(blues,\b \Bblued,\b \Bbluing\b or \Bblueing)\b \BBrit.\b \Islang\i squander (money). \BEtymology:\b \3perhaps variant of \J\Xblow\x (1)\j\c
<hw>blue baby</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a baby with a blue complexion from lack of oxygen in the blood due to a congenital defect of the heart or major blood vessels.
<hw>Bluebeard</hw> \K/"blu:bI\F'\nd/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a man who murders his wives.\p\B2\b a person with a horrible secret. \BEtymology:\b \3a character in a fairy tale told originally in French \I(Barbe-Bleue)\i by Perrault\c
<hw>bluebell</hw> \K/"blu:bEl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b a woodland plant of the lily family, Hyacinthoides nonscripta, with clusters of bell-shaped blue flowers on a stem arising from a rhizome; \Ialso called\i \Iwild hyacinth,\i \Iwood hyacinth.\i\p\B2\b \BSc.\b = \J\Xharebell\x.\j\p\B3\b any of several other plants with blue bell-shaped flowers.
<hw>blueberry</hw> \K/"blu:b(\F'\n)ri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IBot\i\p\B1\b any of several plants of the genus \IVaccinium\i with small blue-black edible fruit, sometimes cultivated.\p\B2\b the fruit of these plants.
<hw>blue bice</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IColour\i a shade of blue between ultramarine and azure derived from smalt.
<hw>bluebird</hw> \K/"blu:b\F'\n:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i any of various N. American songbirds of the thrush family, esp. of the genus \ISialia,\i with distinctive blue plumage usu. on the back or head.
<hw>blue-black</hw> \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\pa black colour with a tinge of blue. \Iadj.\i of this colour.\Knew f. SOED, corpus Sept 94\k
<hw>blue blood</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b noble birth.\p\B2\b a person of noble lineage. \Bblue-blooded\b \Iadj.\i\Kblue-blooded subsumed Aug 92 aaw\k
<hw>blue book</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IParl\i an official or widely recognised book of rules, economic or commercial information, names of officials, etc., esp. (in the UK) a report issued by Parliament or the Privy Council, bound in blue.
<hw>bluebottle</hw> \K/"blu:bQt(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i\p\B1\b a large buzzing fly, Calliphora vomitoria, with a metallic-blue body; \Ialso called\i \J\Xblowfly\x.\j\p\B2\b \BAustral.\b a Portuguese man-of-war.\p\B3\b \IBot\i a dark blue cornflower.\p\B4\b \BBrit.\b \ICriminol\i \Icolloq.\i a police officer.
<hw>blue box</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Besp. US\b \ITelephony Electronics\i an electronic device used to access long-distance telephone lines illegally.\p\B2\b \Besp. Canad.\b a blue plastic box for the collection of recyclable household materials.\Knew f. Inc., Kpb. Sept 94\k
<hw>blue cheese</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IFood\i cheese produced with veins of blue mould, e.g. Stilton and Danish Blue.
<hw>blue-chip</hw> \Iattrib.adj.\i \IStock Exch\i (of shares) of reliable investment, though less secure than gilt-edged stock. \BEtymology:\b \3from \Iblue chip,\i a high-value counter in gambling games\c
<hw>blue-collar</hw> \Iattrib.adj.\i \IIndustry\i (of a worker or work) manual; industrial.\KAug 92 aaw as POD8\k
<hw>blue ensign</hw>\p\In.\i\pthe ensign of government departments and formerly of the naval reserve etc.
<hw>blue-eyed boy</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Besp. Brit.\b \Icolloq.\i \Iusu. derog.\i a favoured person; a favourite.
<hw>bluefish</hw> \K/"blu:fIS/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i usu. same) \IZool\i a voracious marine fish, Pomatomus saltatrix, inhabiting tropical and temperate waters and popular as a game fish.
<hw>blue funk</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Islang\i\p\B1\b \Besp. Brit.\b a state of great terror or panic.\p\B2\b \Besp. N. Amer.\b a state of mild depression.\Ksense 2 new f. K. Barber, incomings, corpus Sept 94\k
<hw>bluegrass</hw> \K/"blu:grA:s/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBot\i any of several bluish-green grasses, esp. of Kentucky.\p\B2\b \IMus\i a kind of instrumental country and western music characterized by virtuosic playing of banjos, guitars, etc.
<hw>bluegum</hw> \K/"blu:gVm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i any tree of the genus \IEucalyptus,\i esp. E. regnans with blue-green aromatic leaves.
<hw>blueish</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xbluish\x.\j\Kvar blueish new f. NSOED, corpus, incomings Oct 94\k
<hw>bluejacket</hw> \K/"blu:dZakIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\Islang\i \INaut Mil\i a seaman in the Navy.
<hw>Blue John</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMineral.\i a purple and white banded variety of fluorite found in Derbyshire, England.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k
<hw>blue line</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IIce Hockey\i either of the two lines midway between the centre of the rink and each goal.\Knew f. OERD, NSOED, inc., Sept 94\k
<hw>Bluemantle</hw> \K/"blu:mant(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\IHeraldry\i one of four pursuivants of the English College of Arms.
<hw>blue metal</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IBuilding\i broken blue stone used for road-making.
<hw>blue mould</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a bluish fungus growing on food and other organic matter.
<hw>blue murder</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B(N. Amer.\b \Bbloody murder)\b a great commotion; a loud or alarming noise (esp. as an intensive: \2yelled blue murder).\c\Knew f. OED, corpus Nov 93\k
<hw>blue-pencil</hw> \Iv.tr.\i \B(-pencilled,\b \B-pencilling;\b \BUS\b \B-penciled,\b \B-penciling)\b censor or make cuts in (a manuscript, film, etc.).
<hw>Blue Peter</hw>\p\In.\i\p\INaut\i a blue flag with a white square raised on board a ship leaving port.
<hw>blueprint</hw> \K/"blu:prInt/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IEngin\i a photographic print of the final stage of engineering or other plans in white on a blue background.\p\B2\b a detailed plan, esp. in the early stages of a project or idea. \Iv.tr.\i \BUS\b work out (a programme, plan, etc.).
<hw>blue ribbon</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a high honour.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b the ribbon of the Order of the Garter.
<hw>blue rinse</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IHairdressing\i a preparation for tinting grey hair.
<hw>blue roan</hw> \Iadj. & n.\i \IZool\i \Iadj.\i black mixed with white.\p\In.\i\pa blue roan animal.
<hw>blues</hw> \K/blu:z/\k \In.pl.\i\p\B1\b \I(prec. by \Bthe)\b\i a bout of depression \3(had a fit of the blues).\c\p\B2\b \IMus\i \Ba\b \I(prec. by \Bthe;\b\i \Ioften treated as \Bsing.)\b\i melancholic music of black American folk origin, often in a twelve-bar sequence. \Bb\b \I(pl.\i same) \I(treated as \Bsing.)\b\i a piece of such music \3(the band played a blues).\c \Bbluesy\b \Iadj.\i (in sense 2).
<hw>bluestocking</hw> \K/"blu:stQkIN/\k\p\In.\i\pusu. \Iderog.\i an intellectual or literary woman. \BEtymology:\b \3originally a frequenter of the 'blue-stocking' literary assemblies held in London \Ic.\i1750 (from the less formal blue stockings worn by some men): later applied only to women\c
<hw>bluestone</hw> \K/"blu:st\F'\nUn/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBuilding\i any of various bluish or grey building stones.\p\B2\b \IArchaeol.\i any of the smaller stones in the inner part of Stonehenge, made of dolerite.\Ksenses 1 and 2 new f. OED May 94; sense 'crystalline copper sulphate' omitted Sept 94\k
<hw>bluet</hw> \K/"blu:It/\k\p\In.\i\p\BUS\b \IBot\i a blue-flowered plant of the genus \IHedyotis.\i
<hw>blue tit</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a common tit, Parus caeruleus, with a distinct blue crest on a black and white head.
<hw>blue vitriol</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i crystalline copper sulphate.\Knew f. SOED Sept 94\k
<hw>blue water</hw>\p\In.\i\popen sea.
<hw>blue whale</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a rorqual, Balaenoptera musculus, the largest known living mammal.
<hw>bluey</hw> \K/"blu:i/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-eys)\b \BAustral.\b \Icolloq.\i\p\B1\b a bundle carried by a bushman.\p\B2\b = \J\Xblue\x (1)\p\In.\i\p7b.\j
<hw>bluff (1)</hw> \K/blVf/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i make a pretence of strength or confidence to gain an advantage.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i mislead by bluffing.\p\In.\i\pan act of bluffing; a show of confidence or assertiveness intended to deceive.\p\1call a person's bluff\c challenge a person thought to be bluffing. \Bbluffer\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \319th c. (originally in poker) from Dutch \Ibluffen\i 'brag'\c
<hw>bluff (2)</hw> \K/blVf/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IGeog Naut\i (of a cliff, or a ship's bows) having a vertical or steep broad front.\p\B2\b (of a person or manner) blunt, frank, hearty.\p\In.\i\p\IGeog\i a steep cliff or headland. \Bbluffly\b \Iadv.\i (in sense 2 of \Iadj.).\i \Bbluffness\b\p\In.\i\p(in sense 2 of \Iadj.).\i \BEtymology:\b \317th-c. nautical word: origin unknown\c
<hw>blunder</hw> \K/"blVnd\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\pa clumsy or foolish mistake, esp. an important one.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i make a blunder; act clumsily or ineptly.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i deal incompetently with; mismanage.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i move about blindly or clumsily; stumble. \Bblunderer\b\p\In.\i\p\Bblunderingly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English probably from Scandinavian: cf. Middle Swedish \Iblundra\i 'shut the eyes'\c
<hw>blunderbuss</hw> \K/"blVnd\F'\nbVs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMil Ballistics\i \Ihist.\i a short large-bored gun firing balls or slugs. \BEtymology:\b \3alteration of Dutch \Idonderbus\i 'thunder gun', associated with \J\Xblunder\x\j\c
<hw>blunge</hw> \K/blVn(d)Z/\k \Iv.tr.\i \IPottery\i (in ceramics etc.) mix (clay etc.) with water.\Kblunger omitted Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3portmanteau word, from \J\Xplunge\x\j + \J\Xblend\x\j\c
<hw>blunt</hw> \K/blVnt/\k \Iadj. & v.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b (of a knife, pencil, etc.) lacking a sharp edge or point; having a worn-down point or edge.\p\B2\b (of a person or manner) direct, uncompromising, outspoken. \Iv.tr.\i make blunt or less sharp. \Bbluntly\b \Iadv.\i (in sense 2 of \Iadj.\i). \Bbluntness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, in the sense 'dull, insensitive' (of perceptions or intellect), perhaps from Scandinavian: cf. Old Norse \Iblunda\i 'shut the eyes'\c
<hw>blur</hw> \K/bl\F'\n:/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B(blurred,\b \Bblurring)\b\p\B1\b \Itr. & intr.\i make or become unclear or less distinct.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i smear; partially efface.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i make (one's memory, perception, etc.) dim or less clear.\p\In.\i\psomething that appears or sounds indistinct or unclear. \Bblurry\b \Iadj.\i \B(blurrier,\b \Bblurriest).\b \BEtymology:\b \316th c.: perhaps related to \J\Xblear\x\j\c
<hw>blurb</hw> \K/bl\F'\n:b/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPrinting\i a (usu. eulogistic) description of a book, esp. printed on its jacket, as promotion by its publishers. \BEtymology:\b \3coined by G. Burgess, American humorist d. 1951\c
<hw>blurt</hw> \K/bl\F'\n:t/\k \Iv.tr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bout)\b\i utter abruptly, thoughtlessly, or tactlessly. \BEtymology:\b \3probably imitative\c
<hw>blush</hw> \K/blVS/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.intr.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b develop a pink tinge in the face from embarrassment or shame. \Bb\b (of the face) redden in this way.\p\B2\b feel embarrassed or ashamed.\p\B3\b be or become red or pink.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act of blushing.\p\B2\b a pink tinge.\p\1at first blush\c on the first glimpse or impression.\p\1spare a person's blushes\c refrain from causing embarrassment esp. by praise. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, from Old English \Iblyscan\i\c
<hw>blusher</hw> \K/"blVS\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFashion\i a cosmetic used to give a warmth of colour to the face.
<hw>B-lymphocyte</hw> \K/bi:"lImf\F'\nsVIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysiol.\i a lymphocyte not processed by the thymus gland, and responsible for producing antibodies (cf. \J\XT-lymphocyte\x).\j \IAlso called\i \IB-cell.\i\Knew f. OERD Apr 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3\IB\i for \Ibursa,\i referring to an organ in birds where it was first identified\c
<hw>BM</hw> \Iabbr.\i\p\B1\b British Museum.\p\B2\b \IMed\i Bachelor of Medicine.
<hw>BMA</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IMed\i British Medical Association.
<hw>B-movie</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICinematog\i a supporting film in a cinema programme; a low-budget film.\Knew f. corpus May 94\k
<hw>B.Mus.</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IMus Education\i Bachelor of Music.
<hw>BMX</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ISport\i\p\B1\b organized bicycle racing on a dirt track, esp. for youngsters.\p\B2\b a kind of bicycle used for this.\p\B3\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i of or related to such racing or the equipment used \3(BMX gloves).\c \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation of \Ib\iicycle \Im\ioto-\Icross\i\c
<hw>boa</hw> \K/"b\F'\nU\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool\i a constrictor snake of the family Boidae, esp. any of the larger ones from the New World.\p\B2\b any snake which is a constrictor, e.g. an Old World python.\p\B3\b \IClothing\i a long thin stole made of feathers or fur. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin\c
<hw>boa constrictor</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a large snake, Boa constrictor, native to tropical America and the West Indies, which crushes its prey.
<hw>boar</hw> \K/bO:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i\p\B1\b (in full \Bwild boar)\b the tusked wild pig, Sus scrofa, from which domestic pigs are descended.\p\B2\b an uncastrated male pig.\p\B3\b its flesh.\p\B4\b a male guinea pig etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibar,\i from West Germanic\c
<hw>board</hw> \K/bO:d/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ICarpentry etc.\i \Ba\b a flat thin piece of sawn timber, usu. long and narrow. \Bb\b a piece of material resembling this, made from compressed fibres. \Bc\b a thin slab of wood or a similar substance, often with a covering, used for any of various purposes \3(chessboard;\c \2ironing board;\c \2noticeboard).\c \Bd\b \IBookbinding\i thick stiff card used in bookbinding.\p\B2\b the provision of regular meals, usu. with accommodation, for payment.\p\B3\b \Iarchaic\i a table spread for a meal.\p\B4\b \ICommerce Industry\i the directors of a company; any other specially constituted administrative body, e.g. a committee or group of councillors, examiners, etc.\p\B5\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \ITheatr\i the stage of a theatre \I(cf.\i \Itread the boards).\i\p\B6\b \INaut.\i the side of a ship.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b \ITransport\i go on board (a ship, train, aircraft, etc.). \Bb\b force one's way on board (a ship etc.) in attack.\p\B2\b \Ba\b \Iintr.\i receive regular meals, or (esp. of a schoolchild) meals and lodging, for payment. \Bb\b \Itr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bout)\b\i arrange accommodation away from home for (esp. a child). \Bc\b \Itr.\i provide (a lodger etc.) with regular meals.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bup)\b\i cover with boards; seal or close.\p\1go by the board\c be neglected, omitted, or discarded.\p\1on board\c on or on to a ship, aircraft, oil rig, etc.\p\1take on board\c consider (a new idea etc.). \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibord,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>boarder</hw> \K/"bO:d\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IEducation\i a person who boards, esp. a pupil at a boarding school (see \J\Xboard\x\p\Iv.\i\p2a).\j\p\B2\b a person who boards a ship, esp. an enemy.
<hw>board game</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IGames\i a game played on a board.
<hw>boarding house</hw>\p\In.\i\pan establishment providing board and lodging, esp. \BBrit.\b to holidaymakers.
<hw>boarding kennel</hw>\p\In.\i\p\I(often in \Bpl.)\b\i a boarding establishment for dogs.\Knew f. corpus, Incomings, OERD May 94\k
<hw>boarding school</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IEducation\i a school where pupils are resident in term-time.
<hw>Board of Green Cloth</hw> \Isee\i \J\XGreen Cloth\x.\j
<hw>board of trade</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b \ICommerce\i a chamber of commerce.
<hw>boardroom</hw> \K/"bO:dru:m/, /-rUm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IIndustry\i a room in which a board of directors etc. meets regularly.
<hw>boardwalk</hw> \K/"bO:dwO:k/\k\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b\p\B1\b a wooden walkway across sand, marsh, etc.\p\B2\b a promenade along a beach.
<hw>boart</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xbort\x.\j
<hw>boast</hw> \K/b\F'\nUst/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i declare one's achievements, possessions, or abilities with indulgent pride and satisfaction.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i own or have as something praiseworthy etc. \3(the hotel boasts magnificent views).\c\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an act of boasting.\p\B2\b something one is proud of. \Bboaster\b\p\In.\i\p\Bboastingly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Anglo-French \Ibost,\i of unknown origin\c
<hw>boastful</hw> \K/"b\F'\nUstfUl/, /-f(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b given to boasting.\p\B2\b characterized by boasting \3(boastful talk).\c \Bboastfully\b \Iadv.\i \Bboastfulness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>boat</hw> \K/b\F'\nUt/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \INaut Transport\i a small vessel propelled on water by an engine, oars, or sails.\p\B2\b (in general use) a ship of any size.\p\B3\b \ICookery\i an elongated boat-shaped jug used for holding sauce etc. \Iv.intr.\i travel or go in a boat, esp. for pleasure.\p\1in the same boat\c sharing the same adverse circumstances.\p\1push the boat out\c \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i celebrate lavishly. \Bboatful\b\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-fuls).\b \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibat,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>boat-building</hw>\p\In.\i\pthe occupation of building boats. \Bboatbuilder\b\p\In.\i\p\Knew f. corpus Sept 94\k
<hw>boatel</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xbotel\x.\j
<hw>boater</hw> \K/"b\F'\nUt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFashion\i a flat-topped hardened straw hat with a brim (originally worn while boating).
<hw>boat-hook</hw>\p\In.\i\p\INaut\i a long pole with a hook and a spike at one end, for moving boats.
<hw>boathouse</hw> \K/"b\F'\nUthaUs/\k\p\In.\i\p\INaut\i a shed at the edge of a river, lake, etc., for housing boats.
<hw>boatie</hw> \K/"b\F'\nUti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Besp. Austral.\b & \BNZ\b \INaut.\i \Icolloq.\i a person who sails a boat; a boating enthusiast.\Knew word in COD9 f. News Aug 93\k
<hw>boating</hw> \K/"b\F'\nUtIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRowing Sport\i rowing or sailing in boats as a sport or form of recreation.
<hw>boatload</hw> \K/"b\F'\nUtl\F'\nUd/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b enough to fill a boat.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i a large number of people.
<hw>boatman</hw> \K/"b\F'\nUtm\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-men)\b \INaut\i a person who hires out boats or provides transport by boat.
<hw>boat people</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ISociol\i refugees who have left a country by sea.
<hw>boat race</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IRowing\i a race between rowing crews, esp. \B(the Boat Race)\b the one between Oxford and Cambridge.
<hw>boatswain</hw> \K/"b\F'\nUs(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bbo'sun,\b \Bbosun,\b \Bbo's'n)\b \INaut\i a ship's officer in charge of equipment and the crew. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibatswegen\i (as \J\Xboat\x,\j \J\Xswain\x)\j\c
<hw>boatswain's chair</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBuildingNaut\i a seat suspended from ropes for work on the side of a ship or building.
<hw>boat-train</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IRailways\i a train scheduled to meet or go on a boat.
<hw>bob (1)</hw> \K/bQb/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.intr.\i \B(bobbed,\b \Bbobbing)\b\p\B1\b move quickly up and down; dance.\p\B2\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bback,\b \Bup)\b\i \Ba\b bounce buoyantly. \Bb\b emerge suddenly; become active or conspicuous again after a defeat etc.\p\B3\b curtsy.\p\B4\b \I(foll. by \Bfor)\b\i try to catch with the mouth alone (fruit etc. floating or hanging).\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a jerking or bouncing movement, esp. upward.\p\B2\b a curtsy.\p\B3\b \IBell-ringing\i one of several kinds of change in long peals in bell-ringing. \BEtymology:\b \314th c.: probably imitative\c
<hw>bob (2)</hw> \K/bQb/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IHairdressing\i a short hairstyle for women and children.\p\B2\b a weight on a pendulum, plumb line, or kite tail.\p\B3\b \ISport\i = \J\Xbobsleigh\x.\j\p\B4\b \IRiding\i a horse's docked tail.\p\B5\b \IProsody\i a short line at or towards the end of a stanza.\p\B6\b a knot of hair; a tassel-shaped curl.\p\Iv.\i\p\B(bobbed,\b \Bbobbing)\b\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \IHairdressing\i cut (a woman's or child's hair) so that it hangs clear of the shoulders.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \ISport\i ride on a bobsleigh. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English: origin unknown\c
<hw>bob (4)</hw> \K/bQb/\k\p\In.\i\p\1bob's your uncle\c \BBrit.\b \Islang\i an expression of completion or satisfaction. \BEtymology:\b \3pet form of the name \IRobert\i\c
<hw>bobber</hw> \K/"bQb\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISport\i a person who rides on a bobsleigh.\Knew f. SOED, COD box Sept 94\k
<hw>bobbin</hw> \K/"bQbIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \INeedlework\i \Ba\b a cylinder or cone holding thread, yarn, wire, etc., used esp. in weaving and machine sewing. \Bb\b a spool or reel.\p\B2\b \IMech\i a small bar and string for raising a door latch. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ibobine,\i of unknown origin\c
<hw>bobbinet</hw> \K/"bQbInEt/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITextiles\i machine-made cotton net (imitating lace made with bobbins on a pillow). \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbobbin\x\j + \J\Xnet\x (1)\j\c
<hw>bobbin lace</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ITextiles\i lace made by hand with thread wound on bobbins.
<hw>bobble</hw> \K/"bQb(\F'\n)l/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a small woolly or tufted ball as a decoration or trimming.\p\B2\b \BUS\b \Iesp. Sport\i a mistake or error; a bungle.\Ksense 2 new in COD9 f. News Aug 93\k \Iv.tr. & intr.\i \BUS\b \Iesp. Sport\i bungle or fumble, esp. in taking a catch.\Kverb new in COD9 f. News Aug 93\k \Bbobbly\b \Iadj.\i\K-ly new f. corpus, SOED Sept 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3diminutive of \J\Xbob\x (2)\j\c
<hw>bobby (1)</hw> \K/"bQbi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \BBrit.\b \ICriminol\i \Icolloq.\i a police officer. \BEtymology:\b \3Sir \IRobert\i Peel, English statesman d. 1850, founder of the metropolitan police force\c
<hw>bobby (2)</hw> \K/"bQbi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b (in full \Bbobby calf)\b \IAgriculture\i an unweaned calf slaughtered for veal. \BEtymology:\b \3English dialect\c
<hw>bobby-dazzler</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i a remarkable or excellent person or thing. \BEtymology:\b \3dialect, related to \J\Xdazzle\x:\j the first element is unknown\c
<hw>bobby socks</hw> \In.pl.\i \Besp. N. Amer.\b \IFashion\i short socks reaching just above the ankle. \Bbobby-soxer\b\p\In.\i\p\K-soxer new f. incomings Sept 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbob\x (2)\j + \J\X-y\x (2)\j\c
<hw>bobcat</hw> \K/"bQbkat/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a small N. American lynx, Felix rufus, with a spotted reddish-brown coat and a short tail. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbob\x (2)\j + \J\Xcat\x (1)\j\c
<hw>bobolink</hw> \K/"bQb\F'\nlINk/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a N. American oriole, Dolichonyx oryzivorus. \BEtymology:\b \3originally \IBob\i \I(o')\i \ILincoln:\i imitative of its call\c
<hw>bobsleigh</hw> \K/"bQbsleI/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISport\i a mechanically steered and braked sledge used for racing down a steep ice-covered run. \Bbobsleighing\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbob\x (2)\j + \J\Xsleigh\x\j\c
<hw>bobstay</hw> \K/"bQbsteI/\k\p\In.\i\p\INaut\i the chain or rope holding down a ship's bowsprit. \BEtymology:\b \3probably \J\Xbob\x (1)\j + \J\Xstay\x (2)\j\c
<hw>bobtail</hw> \K/"bQbteIl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRiding\i\p\B1\b a docked tail.\p\B2\b a horse or a dog with a bobtail.\Ksense numbers added Oct 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbob\x (2)\j + \J\Xtail\x (1)\j\c
<hw>bocage</hw> \K/b\F'\n"kA:Z/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPottery\i the representation of silvan scenery in ceramics. \BEtymology:\b \3French from Old French \Iboscage:\i see \J\Xboscage\x\j\c
<hw>Boche</hw> \K/bQS/\k \In. & adj.\i \IMil\i \Islang\i \Iderog.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a German, esp. a soldier.\p\B2\b \I(prec. by \Bthe)\b\i Germans, esp. German soldiers, collectively. \Iadj.\i German. \BEtymology:\b \3French slang, originally = rascal: applied to Germans in the First World War\c
<hw>bock</hw> \K/bQk/\k\p\In.\i\p\IDrink\i a strong dark German beer. \BEtymology:\b \3French, from the German abbreviation of \IEimbockbier\i from \IEinbeck\i in Hanover\c
<hw>bod</hw> \K/bQd/\k\p\In.\i\p\Icolloq.\i\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b a person.\p\B2\b \BN. Amer.\b a body.\K2 new f. incomings Sept 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation of \J\Xbody\x\j\c
<hw>bodacious</hw> \K/b\F'\n"deIS\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i \BN. Amer.\b \Islang\i\p\B1\b remarkable, excellent.\p\B2\b \Besp. US\b bold, audacious.\Knew f. SOED, corpus, incomings Dec 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3perhaps variant of archaic \Iboldacious,\i from \J\Xbold\x\j + \J\Xaudacious\x\j\c
<hw>bode</hw> \K/b\F'\nUd/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b portend, foreshow.\p\B2\b foresee, foretell (evil).\p\Bbode well\b (or \Bill)\b show good (or bad) signs for the future.\Kboding omitted Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibodian\i from \Iboda\i 'messenger'\c
<hw>bodega</hw> \K/b\F'\n"di:g\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pa cellar or shop selling wine and food, esp. in a Spanish-speaking country. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish via Latin \Iapotheca\i from Greek \Iapotheke\i 'storehouse'\c
<hw>Bode's law</hw> \K/"b\F'\nUdz/, /"b\F'\nUd\F'\nz/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAstron.\i a formula by which the distances of the first seven planets from the sun are roughly derived in terms of powers of two. \BEtymology:\b \3J.E. \IBode,\i German astronomer d. 1826\c\Knew f. OERD, NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k
<hw>Bodhisattva</hw> \K/bQdI"sA:tv\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i (in Mahayana Buddhism) a person who is able to reach nirvana but delays doing so through compassion for suffering beings. \BEtymology:\b \3Sanskrit, = a person whose essence is perfect knowledge\c
<hw>bodice</hw> \K/"bQdIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IClothing\i\p\B1\b the part of a woman's dress (excluding sleeves) which is above the waist.\p\B2\b a woman's undergarment, like a vest, for the same part of the body. \BEtymology:\b \3originally \Ipair of bodies\i = stays, corsets\c
<hw>bodice-ripper</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ITheatr Cinematog Literature\i \Icolloq.\i a sexually explicit romantic (esp. historical) novel or film with seduction of the heroine.\Knew word in COD9 f. NSOED, corpus Aug 93\k \Bbodice-ripping\b \Iadj.\i\K-ing new f. corpus Sept 94\k
<hw>bodiless</hw> \K/"bQdIlIs/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b lacking a body.\p\B2\b incorporeal, insubstantial.
<hw>bodily</hw> \K/"bQdIli/\k \Iadj. & adv.\i \Iadj.\i of or concerning the body. \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b with the whole bulk; as a whole \3(threw them bodily).\c\p\B2\b in the body; as a person.
<hw>bodkin</hw> \K/"bQdkIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \INeedlework\i a blunt thick needle with a large eye used esp. for drawing tape etc. through a hem.\p\B2\b \IHairdressing\i a long pin for fastening hair.\p\B3\b \IPrinting etc.\i a small pointed instrument for piercing cloth, removing a piece of type for correction, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, perhaps from Celtic\c
<hw>body</hw> \K/"bQdi/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \IAnat\i the physical structure, including the bones, flesh, and organs, of a person or an animal, whether dead or alive.\p\B2\b \IAnat\i the trunk apart from the head and the limbs.\p\B3\b \Ba\b the main or central part of a thing \3(body of the car;\c \2body of the attack).\c \Bb\b the bulk or majority; the aggregate \3(body of opinion).\c\p\B4\b \Ba\b a group of persons regarded collectively, esp. as having a corporate function \3(governing body).\c \Bb\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bof)\b\i a collection \3(body of facts).\c\p\B5\b a quantity \3(body of water).\c\p\B6\b a material object \3(celestial body).\c\p\B7\b \Icolloq.\i a person.\p\B8\b a full or substantial quality of flavour, tone, etc., e.g. in wine, musical sounds, etc.\p\B9\b \BBrit.\b \IFashion\i a bodysuit.\Ksense 9 new in COD9 f. DJT Aug 93\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(-ies,\b \B-ied)\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bforth)\b\i give body or substance to.\p\1in a body\c all together.\p\1keep body and soul together\c keep alive, esp. barely.\p\1over my dead body\c \Icolloq.\i entirely without my assent. \B-bodied\b \Iadj.\i \I(in \Bcomb.:\b\i \2able-bodied).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibodig,\i of unknown origin\c
<hw>body bag</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i a bag for carrying a corpse from the scene of warfare, an accident, etc.\Knew word in COD9 f. NSOED Aug 93\k
<hw>body blow</hw>\p\In.\i\pa severe setback.
<hw>body-building</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ISport\i the practice of strengthening the body, esp. shaping and enlarging the muscles, by exercise. \Bbodybuilder\b\p\In.\i\p\K-er new f. corpus Aug 93\k
<hw>body-check</hw> \In. & v.\i \ISport\i\p\In.\i\pa deliberate obstruction of one player by another. \Iv.tr.\i obstruct in this way.
<hw>body colour</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IArt\i an opaque pigment.
<hw>body double</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICinematog\i a stand-in for a film actor during stunt or nude scenes.\Knew in COD9 f. NEWS Feb 94\k
<hw>bodyguard</hw> \K/"bQdIgA:d/\k\p\In.\i\pa person or group of persons escorting and protecting another person (esp. a dignitary).
<hw>body language</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPsychol\i the process of communicating through conscious or unconscious gestures and poses.
<hw>body odour</hw>\p\In.\i\pthe smell of the human body, esp. when unpleasant.
<hw>body piercing</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IFashion\i the piercing of holes in parts of the body other than the ear lobes.\Knew in COD9 f. NEWS Feb 94\k
<hw>body politic</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i the nation or state as a corporate body.
<hw>body-popping</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Borig. US\b \IDancing\i a kind of dancing with jerky robotic movements of the joints.\Knew word in COD9 f. NSOED, corpus Aug 93\k
<hw>body scanner</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IMed\i a scanning X-ray machine for taking tomograms of the whole body.
<hw>body search</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICriminol\i a search, esp. one conducted by customs officials or the police, of a person's body for illicit weapons, drugs, etc.\Knew word in COD9 f. corpus, files Aug 93\k
<hw>body shop</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ITransport\i a workshop where repairs to the bodywork of vehicles are carried out.
<hw>body stocking</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IClothing\i a woman's undergarment which covers the torso.
<hw>bodysuit</hw> \K/"bQdIsu:t/, /-sju:t/\k\p\In.\i\p\IClothing\i a close-fitting one-piece stretch garment for women.
<hw>body warmer</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IClothing\i a sleeveless quilted or padded jacket worn as an outdoor garment.
<hw>body wave</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IHairdressing\i a soft light permanent wave designed to give the hair fullness.\Knew word in COD9 f. News Aug 93\k
<hw>body weight</hw>\p\In.\i\pthe weight of a person's body.\Knew f. corppus Sept 94\k
<hw>bodywork</hw> \K/"bQdIw\F'\n:k/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMotoring\i the outer shell of a vehicle.
<hw>body wrap</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IFashion\i a type of beauty treatment involving the application of skin-cleansing ingredients to the body followed by wrapping it in hot bandages, intended to result in a reduction in body measurements.\Knew f. incomings, DJT Sept 94\k
<hw>Boer</hw> \K/bO:/, /"b\F'\nU\F'\n/, /bU\F'\n/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\IPeople\i a South African of Dutch descent. \Iadj.\i of or relating to the Boers. \BEtymology:\b \3Dutch \Iboer\i 'farmer'\c
<hw>boffin</hw> \K/"bQfIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\Besp. Brit.\b \IMil\i \Icolloq.\i a person engaged in scientific (esp. military) research. \BEtymology:\b \320th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>Bofors gun</hw> \K/"b\F'\nUf\F'\nz/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMil Ballistics\i a type of light anti-aircraft gun. \BEtymology:\b \3\IBofors\i in Sweden, where it was made\c
<hw>bog</hw> \K/bQg/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IGeog\i \Ba\b wet spongy ground. \Bb\b a stretch of such ground.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b \Islang\i a lavatory. \Iv.tr.\i \B(bogged,\b \Bbogging)\b \I(foll. by \Bdown;\b\i \Iusu. in \Bpassive)\b\i impede \3(was bogged down by difficulties).\c\p\Bbog off\b \I(usu. in \Bimper.)\b\i \BBrit.\b \Islang\i go away.\Kb. off new in COD9 f. files, corpus Aug 93\k\p\1bog standard\c \BBrit.\b \Islang\i basic, standard, unexceptional.\Kb. standard new in COD9 f. incomings Aug 93\k \Bboggy\b \Iadj.\i \B(boggier,\b \Bboggiest).\b \Bbogginess\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Irish or Gaelic \Ibogach\i from \Ibog\i 'soft'\c
<hw>bog asphodel</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a yellow-flowered European marsh plant, Narthecium ossifragum, of the lily family.\Knew f. OERD May 94\k
<hw>bog cotton</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i = \J\Xcotton grass\x.\j\Knew f. OERD May 94\k
<hw>bogey (1)</hw> \K/"b\F'\nUgi/\k \In. & v.\i \IGolf\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-eys)\b\p\B1\b a score of one stroke more than par at any hole.\p\B2\b (formerly) the number of strokes by which a good player should complete a hole or course; par. \Iv.tr.\i \B(-eys,\b \B-eyed)\b play (a hole) in one stroke more than par. \BEtymology:\b \3perhaps from \IBogey\i as an imaginary player\c
<hw>bogey (2)</hw> \K/"b\F'\nUgi/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bbogy)\b \I(pl.\i \B-eys\b or \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b an evil or mischievous spirit; a devil.\p\B2\b an awkward thing or circumstance.\p\B3\b \BBrit.\b \Islang\i a piece of nasal mucus. \BEtymology:\b \319th c., originally as a proper name applied to the Devil: cf. \J\Xbogle\x\j\c
<hw>bogeyman</hw> \K/"b\F'\nUgIman/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bbogyman)\b \I(pl.\i \B-men)\b a person (real or imaginary) causing fear or difficulty.
<hw>boggle</hw> \K/"bQg(\F'\n)l/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\Icolloq.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i be startled or baffled \3(esp. the mind boggles).\c\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Babout,\b \Bat)\b\i hesitate, demur.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i overwhelm (mentally).\Ksense 3 new f. corpus, Inc. OERD May 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3probably from dialect, related to \J\Xbogle\x,\j \J\Xbogey\x (2)\j\c
<hw>bogie</hw> \K/"b\F'\nUgi/\k\p\In.\i\p\Besp. Brit.\b\p\B1\b \IRailways\i a wheeled undercarriage pivoted below the end of a rail vehicle.\p\B2\b \ITransport\i a small truck used for carrying coal, rubble, etc. \BEtymology:\b \319th-c. northern dialect word: origin unknown\c
<hw>bogle</hw> \K/"b\F'\nUg(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b = \J\Xbogey\x (2) 1.\j\p\B2\b a phantom.\p\B3\b a scarecrow. \BEtymology:\b \3originally Scots (16th c.), probably related to \J\Xbogey\x (2)\j\c
<hw>bog moss</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IBot\i sphagnum.\Kbog moss new f. NSOED Apr 94\k
<hw>bog myrtle</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a deciduous shrub, Myrica gale, which grows in damp open places and has short upright catkins and aromatic grey-green leaves. \IAlso called\i \I(sweet) gale.\i
<hw>bog oak</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i an ancient oak which has been preserved in a black state in peat.
<hw>bohea</hw> \K/b\F'\nU"hi:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IDrink Bot\i a black China tea, the last crop of the season and usu. regarded as of low quality. \BEtymology:\b \3\IBu-i\i (Wuyi) Hills in China, whence black tea first came to Britain\c
<hw>Bohemian</hw> \K/b\F'\nU"hi:mI\F'\nn/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPeople\i a native of Bohemia, a former kingdom in central Europe corresponding to part of the modern Czech Republic; a Czech.\p\B2\b (also \Bbohemian)\b a socially unconventional person, esp. an artist or writer. \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of, relating to, or characteristic of Bohemia or its people.\p\B2\b socially unconventional. \Bbohemianism\b\p\In.\i\p(in sense 2 of \Iadj.).\i \BEtymology:\b \3\IBohemia\i + \J\X-an\x:\j sense 2 from French \IbohΘmien\i 'gypsy'\c
<hw>boho</hw> \K/"b\F'\nUh\F'\nU/\k \In. & adj.\i \Icolloq.\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b = \J\XBohemian\x\p\In.\i\p2.\j \Iadj.\i = \J\XBohemian\x \Iadj.\i 2.\j\Knew in COD9 f. NEWS Feb 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation of \J\XBohemian\x\j + \J\X-o\x\j\c
<hw>boil (1)</hw> \K/bOIl/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \IChem\i \Ba\b (of a liquid) start to bubble up and turn into vapour; reach a temperature at which this happens. \Bb\b (of a vessel) contain boiling liquid \3(the kettle is boiling).\c\p\B2\b \Ba\b \Itr.\i bring (a liquid or vessel) to a temperature at which it boils. \Bb\b \Itr.\i \ICookery\i cook (food) by boiling. \Bc\b \Iintr.\i \ICookery\i (of food) be cooked by boiling. \Bd\b \Itr.\i subject to the heat of boiling water, e.g. to clean.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i \Ba\b (of the sea etc.) undulate or seethe like boiling water. \Bb\b (of a person or feelings) be greatly agitated, esp. by anger.\p\In.\i\pthe act or process of boiling; boiling point \3(on the boil;\c \2bring to the boil).\c\p\Bboil down\b\p\B1\b reduce volume by boiling.\p\B2\b reduce to essentials.\p\B3\b \I(foll. by \Bto)\b\i amount to; signify basically.\p\Bboil over\b\p\B1\b spill over in boiling.\p\B2\b lose one's temper; become overexcited.\p\1make one's blood boil\c \Isee\i \J\Xblood\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Anglo-French \Iboiller,\i Old French \Iboillir,\i from Latin \Ibullire\i 'to bubble', from \Ibulla\i 'bubble'\c
<hw>boil (2)</hw> \K/bOIl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i an inflamed pus-filled swelling caused by infection of a hair follicle etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibyl(e),\i from West Germanic\c
<hw>boiled shirt</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IClothing\i a dress shirt with a starched front.
<hw>boiled sweet</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IFood\i a hard sweet made of boiled sugar.
<hw>boiler</hw> \K/"bOIl\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPlumbing\i a fuel-burning apparatus for heating water, esp. to supply a central heating system.\p\B2\b a tank for heating water, esp. for turning it to steam under pressure.\p\B3\b a metal tub for boiling laundry etc.\p\B4\b \BBrit.\b \ICookery\i a fowl, vegetable, etc., suitable for cooking only by boiling.
<hw>boilermaker</hw> \K/"bOIl\F'\nmeIk\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPlumbing\i a person who makes boilers.\p\B2\b \IIndustry\i a metalworker in heavy industry.\Knew word in COD9 f. NSOED Aug 93\k
<hw>boiler room</hw>\p\In.\i\pa room with a boiler and other heating equipment, esp. in the basement of a large building.
<hw>boiler suit</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IClothing\i a one-piece suit worn as overalls for heavy manual work.
<hw>boiling</hw> \K/"bOIlIN/\k \Iadj.\i (also \Bboiling hot)\b \Icolloq.\i very hot.
<hw>boiling point</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IChem\i the temperature at which a liquid starts to boil.\p\B2\b a state of high excitement \3(feelings reached boiling point).\c
<hw>boisterous</hw> \K/"bOIst(\F'\n)r\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b (of a person) rough; noisily exuberant.\p\B2\b (of the sea, weather, etc.) stormy, rough. \Bboisterously\b \Iadv.\i \Bboisterousness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3variant of Middle English \Iboist(u)ous,\i of unknown origin\c
<hw>bolas</hw> \K/"b\F'\nUl\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(treated as \Bsing.\b or \Bpl.)\b\i (esp. in S. America) a missile consisting of a number of balls connected by strong cord, which when thrown entangles the limbs of the quarry. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish & Portuguese, pl. of \Ibola\i 'ball'\c
<hw>bold</hw> \K/b\F'\nUld/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b confidently assertive; adventurous, courageous.\p\B2\b forthright, impudent.\p\B3\b vivid, distinct, well-marked \3(bold colours;\c \2a bold imagination).\c\p\B4\b (in full \Bboldface\b or \Bboldfaced)\b \IPrinting\i printed in a thick black typeface.\p\1as bold as brass\c excessively bold or self-assured.\p\1make (or be) so bold as to\c presume to; venture to. \Bboldly\b \Iadv.\i \Bboldness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibald\i 'dangerous', from Germanic\c
<hw>bole (1)</hw> \K/b\F'\nUl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i the stem or trunk of a tree. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old Norse \Ibolr,\i perhaps related to \J\Xbaulk\x\j\c
<hw>bole (2)</hw> \K/b\F'\nUl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeol\i fine compact earthy clay. \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \J\Xbolus\x\j\c
<hw>bolero</hw> \K/b\F'\n"lE:r\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b\p\B1\b \IDancing\i \Ba\b a Spanish dance in simple triple time. \Bb\b music for or in the time of a bolero.\p\B2\b \Kalso /"bQl\F'\nr\F'\nU/\k\IFashion\i a woman's short open jacket. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish\c
<hw>boletus</hw> \K/b\F'\n"li:t\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a mushroom or toadstool of the genus \IBoletus,\i with pores on the underside of the cap.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = mushroom\c
<hw>bolivar</hw> \K/bQlI"vA:/, /bQ"li:vA:/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICurrency\i the chief monetary unit of Venezuela.\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3S. \IBolφvar\i (d. 1830), a S. American soldier and statesman\c
<hw>boliviano</hw> \K/b\F'\nlIvI"A:n\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b \ICurrency\i the basic monetary unit of Bolivia (1863-1962 and since 1987), equal to 100 centavos or cents.\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED Feb 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbolivar\x\j\c
<hw>boll</hw> \K/b\F'\nUl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a rounded capsule containing seeds, esp. flax or cotton. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Middle Dutch \Ibolle\i 'rounded object': related to \J\Xbowl\x (1)\j\c
<hw>bollard</hw> \K/"bQlA:d/, /-l\F'\nd/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b \ITransport\i a short metal, concrete, or plastic post in the road, esp. as part of a traffic island.\p\B2\b \INaut\i a short post on a quay or ship for securing a rope. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, perhaps from Old Norse \Ibolr\i \J\Xbole\x (1)\j + \J\X-ard\x\j\c
<hw>Bollinger</hw> \K/"bQlIndZ\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IDrink\i \Ipropr.\i a type of champagne from the Champagne area of France.\Knew f. corpus Sept 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3name of the \IBollinger\i family who produce it\c
<hw>bollocking</hw> \K/"bQl\F'\nkIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\Besp. Brit.\b \Icoarse slang\i a severe reprimand.
<hw>bollocks</hw> \K/"bQl\F'\nks/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bballocks)\b \Besp. Brit.\b \Icoarse slang\i\p\B1\b the testicles.\p\B2\b (usu. as an exclamation of contempt) nonsense, rubbish. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibealluc,\i related to \J\Xball\x (1)\j\c
<hw>boll-weevil</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a small American or Mexican weevil, Anthonomus grandis, whose larvae destroy cotton bolls.
<hw>Bologna sausage</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IFood\i a large smoked sausage made of bacon, veal, pork suet, and other meats, and sold ready for eating. \BEtymology:\b \3\IBologna\i in Italy\c
<hw>bolometer</hw> \K/b\F'\n"lQmIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i a sensitive electrical instrument for measuring radiant energy. \Bbolometry\b\p\In.\i\p\Bbolometric\b \K/b\F'\nUl\F'\n"mEtrIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ibole\i 'ray' + \J\X-meter\x\j\c
<hw>boloney</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xbaloney\x.\j
<hw>Bolshevik</hw> \K/"bQlSIvIk/\k \In. & adj.\i \IPolit\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ihist.\i a member of the radical faction of the Russian Social Democratic party, which became the Communist party in 1918.\p\B2\b a Russian communist.\p\B3\b (in general use) any revolutionary socialist. \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of, relating to, or characteristic of the Bolsheviks.\p\B2\b communist. \BBolshevism\b\p\In.\i\p\BBolshevist\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Russian, = a member of the majority, from the fact that this faction formed the majority group of the Russian Social Democratic Party in 1903, from \Ibol\i\Fó\n\Ishe\i 'greater'\c
<hw>Bolshie</hw> \K/"bQlSi/\k \Iadj. & n.\i (also \BBolshy)\b \Islang\i \Iadj.\i (usu. \Bbolshie)\b\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b uncooperative, rebellious, awkward; bad-tempered.\p\B2\b \IPolit\i left-wing, socialist.\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IPolit\i a Bolshevik. \Bbolshiness\b\p\In.\i\p(in sense 1 of \Iadj.).\i \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation of \J\XBolshevik\x\j\c
<hw>bolster (1)</hw> \K/"b\F'\nUlst\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a long thick pillow.\p\B2\b a pad or support, esp. in a machine.\p\B3\b \IBuilding\i a short timber cap over a post to increase the bearing of the beams it supports. \Iv.tr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bup)\b\i\p\B1\b encourage, reinforce \3(bolstered our morale).\c\p\B2\b support with a bolster; prop up. \Bbolsterer\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English = cushion, from Germanic\c
<hw>bolster (2)</hw> \K/"b\F'\nUlst\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBuilding Tools\i a chisel for cutting bricks. \BEtymology:\b \320th c.: origin uncertain\c
<hw>bolt (1)</hw> \K/b\F'\nUlt/\k \In., v., & adv.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a sliding bar and socket used to fasten or lock a door, gate, etc.\p\B2\b \ICarpentry Mech\i a large usu. metal pin with a head, usu. riveted or used with a nut, to hold things together.\p\B3\b \IMeteorol\i a discharge of lightning.\p\B4\b an act of bolting \I(cf.\i sense 4 of \Iv.);\i a sudden escape or dash for freedom.\p\B5\b \IArchery\i an arrow for shooting from a crossbow.\p\B6\b \ITextiles\i a roll of fabric (originally as a measure).\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i fasten or lock with a bolt.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \I(foll. by \Bin,\b \Bout)\b\i keep (a person etc.) from leaving or entering by bolting a door.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i fasten together with bolts.\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i \Ba\b dash suddenly away, esp. to escape. \Bb\b \IRiding\i (of a horse) suddenly gallop out of control.\p\B5\b \Itr.\i gulp down (food) unchewed; eat hurriedly.\p\B6\b \Iintr.\i (of a plant) run to seed. \Iadv.\i (usu. in \Bbolt upright)\b rigidly, stiffly.\p\1a bolt from the blue\c a complete surprise.\p\Bbolt on\b\p\B1\b fasten by bolts.\p\B2\b add as required.\Kb. on new f. corpus Sept 94\k\p\1shoot one's bolt\c do all that is in one's power. \Bbolter\b\p\In.\i\p(in sense 4 of\p\Iv.\i\p). \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibolt\i 'arrow'\c
<hw>bolt (2)</hw> \K/b\F'\nUlt/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \Bboult)\b sift (flour etc.).\Kbolter one who sifts flour omitted Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ibulter,\i \Ibuleter,\i of unknown origin\c
<hw>bolt-hole</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Besp. Brit.\b\p\B1\b a means of escape.\p\B2\b a secret refuge.
<hw>bolt-on</hw> \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b able to be fastened or attached by bolts.\p\B2\b able to be added when required.\p\In.\i\pa thing that can be bolted on.\Knew f. SOED, corpus Sept 94\k
<hw>bolus</hw> \K/"b\F'\nUl\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bboluses)\b\p\B1\b a soft ball, esp. of chewed food.\p\B2\b \IMed\i a large pill. \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin from Greek \Ibolos\i 'clod'\c
<hw>bomb</hw> \K/bQm/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMil\i \Ba\b a container with explosive, incendiary material, smoke, or gas etc., designed to explode on impact or by means of a lit fuse, time mechanism, or remote-control device. \Bb\b an ordinary object fitted with an explosive device \3(letter bomb).\c\p\B2\b \I(prec. by \Bthe)\b\i \IPhysics\i the atomic or hydrogen bomb considered as a weapon with supreme destructive power.\p\B3\b \BBrit.\b \Islang\i a large sum of money \3(cost a bomb).\c\p\B4\b \IGeol\i a mass of solidified lava thrown from a volcano.\p\B5\b \BN. Amer.\b \ITheatr. etc.\i \Icolloq.\i a bad failure (esp. a theatrical one).\p\B6\b \BBrit.\b \Islang\i a drugged cigarette.\Ksense 7 omitted as rare and old-fashioned (radium bomb) Sept 94\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i attack with bombs; drop bombs on.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \I(foll. by \Bout)\b\i drive (a person etc.) out of a building or refuge by using bombs.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i throw or drop bombs.\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i \Besp. US\b \Islang\i fail badly.\p\B5\b \Iintr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Balong,\b \Boff)\b\i \Icolloq.\i move or go very quickly.\Ksense criticize fiercely omitted Dec 93\k\p\1go down a bomb\c \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.,\i often \Iiron.\i be very well received.\p\1like a bomb\c \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i\p\B1\b often \Iiron.\i very successfully.\p\B2\b very fast. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ibombe\i via Italian \Ibomba\i and Latin \Ibombus\i from Greek \Ibombos\i 'boom, hum'\c
<hw>bombard</hw> \K/bQm"bA:d/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \IMil\i attack with a number of bombs, shells, etc.\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i subject to persistent questioning, abuse, etc.\p\B3\b \IPhysics\i direct a stream of high-speed particles at (a substance). \Bbombardment\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Ibombarder\i from \Ibombarde,\i from medieval Latin \Ibombarda\i 'a stone-throwing engine': see \J\Xbomb\x\j\c
<hw>bombarde</hw> \K/"bQmbA:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMus.\i a medieval alto-pitched shawm.\Knew f. SOED Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Old French \Ibombarde,\i medieval Latin \Ibombarda\i probably from Latin \Ibombus\i (see \J\Xbomb\x)\j\c
<hw>bombardier</hw> \K/bQmb\F'\n"dI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b a non-commissioned officer in the artillery.\p\B2\b \BN. Amer.\b a member of a bomber crew responsible for sighting and releasing bombs. \BEtymology:\b \3French (as \J\Xbombard\x)\j\c
<hw>bombardon</hw> \K/"bQmbA:d(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMus.\i\p\B1\b a type of valved bass tuba.\p\B2\b an organ stop imitating this. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian \Ibombardone\i from \Ibombardo\i 'bassoon' (as \J\Xbombard\x)\j\c
<hw>bombast</hw> \K/"bQmbast/\k\p\In.\i\ppompous or extravagant language. \Bbombastic\b \K/-"bastIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Bbombastically\b \K/-"bastIk(\F'\n)li/\k \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3earlier \Ibombace\i 'cotton wool', via French from medieval Latin \Ibombax -acis,\i alteration of \Ibombyx:\i see \J\Xbombazine\x\j\c
<hw>Bombay duck</hw> \K/bQm"beI/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFood\i a dried fish, esp. bummalo, usu. eaten with curried dishes. \BEtymology:\b \3corruption of \J\Xbummalo\x;\j influenced by \IBombay,\i city in India\c
<hw>bombazine</hw> \K/"bQmb\F'\nzi:n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bbombasine)\b \ITextiles\i a twilled dress material of worsted with or without an admixture of silk or cotton, esp., when black, formerly used for mourning. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ibombasin\i via medieval Latin \Ibombacinum\i and Late Latin \Ibombycinus\i 'silken', from \Ibombyx -ycis\i 'silk or silkworm', from Greek \Ibombux\i\c
<hw>bomb bay</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAeron Mil\i a compartment in an aircraft used to hold bombs.
<hw>bomb disposal</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i the defusing or removal and detonation of an unexploded bomb.
\B\Ibombe\b\i \K/bQmb/, French /bO~b/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i a dome-shaped dish or confection, often frozen. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = \J\Xbomb\x\j\c
<hw>bombed</hw> \K/bQmd/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b subjected to bombing.\p\B2\b \Islang\i intoxicated by drink or drugs.\Knew f. SOED Sept 94\k
<hw>bombed-out</hw> \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b (of a person) driven out by bombing.\p\B2\b (of a building etc.) rendered uninhabitable by bombing.\p\B3\b \Islang\i = \J\Xbombed\x 2.\j\Knew f. SOED Sept 94\k
<hw>bomber</hw> \K/"bQm\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMil Aeron\i an aircraft equipped to carry and drop bombs.\p\B2\b a person using bombs, esp. illegally.
<hw>bomber jacket</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IFashion\i a short leather or cloth jacket tightly gathered at the waist and cuffs.
<hw>bombora</hw> \K/bQm"bO:r\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BAustral.\b \IGeog\i a dangerous sea area where waves break over a submerged reef. \BEtymology:\b \3Aboriginal, perhaps Dharuk \Ibumbora\i\c
<hw>bombproof</hw> \K/"bQmpru:f/\k \Iadj.\i \IMil\i strong enough to resist the effects of blast from a bomb.
<hw>bombshell</hw> \K/"bQmSEl/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an overwhelming surprise or disappointment.\p\B2\b \IMil\i an artillery bomb.\p\B3\b \Islang\i a very attractive woman \3(blonde bombshell).\c
<hw>bombsight</hw> \K/"bQmsVIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAeron Mil\i a device in an aircraft for aiming bombs.
<hw>bomb-site</hw>\p\In.\i\pan area where buildings have been destroyed by bombs.
<hw>bomb squad</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICriminol\i a division of a police force investigating crimes involving bombs.\Knew word in COD9 f. corpus, RL Aug 93\k
<hw>bona fides</hw> \K/%b\F'\nUn\F'\n "fVIdi:z/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Iesp. Law.\i an honest intention; sincerity.\p\B2\b \I(treated as \Bpl.)\b\i \Icolloq.\i documentary evidence of acceptability \3(his bona fides are in order).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = good faith\c
<hw>bonanza</hw> \K/b\F'\n"nanz\F'\n/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a source of wealth or prosperity.\p\B2\b a large output (esp. of a mine).\p\B3\b \Ba\b prosperity; good luck. \Bb\b a run of good luck. \Iadj.\i greatly prospering or productive. \BEtymology:\b \3originally US from Spanish, = fair weather, from Latin \Ibonus\i 'good'\c
\B\Ibona vacantia\b\i \K/%b\F'\nUn\F'\n v\F'\n"kantI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i goods without an apparent owner and to which the Crown has right. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = ownerless goods\c
<hw>bon-bon</hw> \K/"bQnbQn/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i a piece of confectionery; a sweet. \BEtymology:\b \3French from \Ibon\i 'good' from Latin \Ibonus\i\c
<hw>bonce</hw> \K/bQns/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b\p\B1\b \Islang\i the head.\p\B2\b \IGames\i a large marble. \BEtymology:\b \319th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>bond</hw> \K/bQnd/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a thing that ties another down or together. \Bb\b \I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i a thing restraining bodily freedom \3(broke his bonds).\c\p\B2\b \I(often in \Bpl.)\b\i \Ba\b a uniting force \3(sisterly bond).\c \Bb\b a restraint; a responsibility \3(bonds of duty).\c\p\B3\b a binding engagement; an agreement \3(his word is his bond).\c\p\B4\b \ICommerce\i \Ba\b a certificate issued by a government or a public company promising to repay borrowed money at a fixed rate of interest at a specified time; a debenture. \Bb\b \IInsurance\i an insurance policy held by a travel agent, tour operator, airline, etc., which protects travellers' holidays and money from the company's bankruptcy.\K4b new in COD9 f. files, DJT, SOED Aug 93\k\p\B5\b adhesiveness.\p\B6\b \ILaw\i a deed by which a person is bound to make payment to another.\p\B7\b \IChem.\i a linkage between atoms in a chemical compound.\p\B8\b \IBuilding\i the laying of bricks in one of various patterns in a wall in order to ensure strength \3(English bond;\c \2Flemish bond).\c\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b \IBuilding\i lay (bricks) overlapping. \Bb\b bind together (resin with fibres, etc.).\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i adhere; hold together.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i connect with a bond.\p\B4\b \Itr.\i place (goods) in bond.\p\B5\b \Ba\b \Iintr.\i become emotionally attached. \Bb\b \Itr.\i link by an emotional or psychological bond.\Ksense 5b new f. OERD, NSOED, corpus May 94\k\p\1in bond\c \ICommerce\i (of goods) stored in a bonded warehouse until the importer pays the duty owing (see \J\Xbonded\x).\j \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English variant of \J\Xband\x (1)\j\c
<hw>bondage</hw> \K/"bQndIdZ/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b serfdom; slavery.\p\B2\b subjection to constraint, influence, obligation, etc.\p\B3\b \IPsychol Sex\i sadomasochistic practices, including the use of physical restraints or mental enslavement. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Anglo-Latin \Ibondagium:\i influenced by \J\Xbond\x\j\c
<hw>bonded</hw> \K/"bQndId/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \ICommerce\i (of goods) placed in bond.\p\B2\b (of material) reinforced by or cemented to another.\p\B3\b \ICommerce\i \Ba\b (of a debt) secured by bonds. \Bb\b \IInsurance\i (of a travel company etc.) protected by a bond (see \J\Xbond\x\p\In.\i\p4b).\j\K3b new in COD9 f. files, DJT Aug 93\k
<hw>bonded warehouse</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i a customs-controlled warehouse for the retention of imported goods until the duty owed is paid.
<hw>bondholder</hw> \K/"bQndh\F'\nUld\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i a person holding a bond or bonds granted by a private person or a public company.\Knew f. SOED OED Sept 94\k
<hw>bondsman</hw> \K/"bQn(d)zm\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-men)\b\p\B1\b a slave.\p\B2\b a person in thrall to another. \BEtymology:\b \3variant of \Ibondman\i (from archaic \Ibond\i in serfdom or slavery) as though from \Ibond's\i genitive of \J\Xbond\x\j\c
<hw>bone</hw> \K/b\F'\nUn/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IAnat\i any of the pieces of hard tissue making up the skeleton in vertebrates.\p\B2\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \Ba\b \IAnat\i the skeleton, esp. as remains after death. \Bb\b the body, esp. as a seat of intuitive feeling \3(felt it in my bones).\c\p\B3\b \Ba\b the calcified material of which bones consist. \Bb\b a similar substance such as ivory, dentine, or whalebone.\p\B4\b a thing made of bone.\p\B5\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i the essential part of a thing \3(the bare bones).\c\p\B6\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \Ba\b \IGames\i dice. \Bb\b \IMus\i castanets.\p\B7\b \IClothing\i a strip of stiffening in a corset etc.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \ICookery\i take out the bones from (meat or fish).\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \IClothing\i stiffen (a garment) with bone etc.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \BBrit.\b \Islang\i steal.\p\Bbone up\b \I(often foll. by \Bon)\b\i \Icolloq.\i study (a subject) intensively.\p\1close to (or near) the bone\c\p\B1\b \Ba\b tactless to the point of offensiveness. \Bb\b near the limit of decency.\Ksense 1b of idm new f. OERD, NSOED May 94\k\p\B2\b destitute; hard up.\p\1have a bone to pick\c \I(usu. foll. by \Bwith)\b\i have a cause for dispute (with another person).\p\1make no bones about\c\p\B1\b admit or allow without fuss.\p\B2\b not hesitate or scruple.\p\1point the bone\c \I(usu. foll. by \Bat)\b\i \BAustral.\b\p\B1\b wish bad luck on.\p\B2\b cast a spell on in order to kill.\p\1to the bone\c\p\B1\b to the bare minimum.\p\B2\b penetratingly.\p\1work one's fingers to the bone\c work very hard, esp. thanklessly. \Bboneless\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iban,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>bone china</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPorcelain\i fine china made of clay mixed with the ash from bones.
<hw>bone dry</hw> \Iadj.\i completely dry.
<hw>bonefish</hw> \K/"b\F'\nUnfIS/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i usu. same) \BN. Amer.\b \IZool\i any of several species of large game fish, esp. Albula vulpes, having many small bones.
<hw>bonehead</hw> \K/"b\F'\nUnhEd/\k\p\In.\i\p\Islang\i a stupid person. \Bboneheaded\b \Iadj.\i
<hw>bone idle</hw> \Iadj.\i (also \Bbone lazy)\b utterly idle or lazy.
<hw>bone marrow</hw> \Isee\i \J\Xmarrow\x 2.\j\Kbone marrow new in COD9 f. POD Aug 93\k
<hw>bonemeal</hw> \K/"b\F'\nUnmi:l/\k\p\In.\i\p\IHort\i crushed or ground bones used esp. as a fertilizer.
<hw>bone of contention</hw>\p\In.\i\pa source or ground of dispute.
<hw>boner</hw> \K/"b\F'\nUn\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Islang\i a stupid mistake. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbone\x\j + \J\X-er\x (1)\j\c
<hw>bone-setter</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a person who sets broken or dislocated bones, esp. without being a qualified surgeon.
<hw>boneshaker</hw> \K/"b\F'\nUnSeIk\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITransport\i\p\B1\b a decrepit or uncomfortable old vehicle.\p\B2\b an old type of bicycle with solid tyres.
<hw>bone spavin</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b osteoarthritis or osteitis of the hock in horses.\p\B2\b a swelling due to this.
<hw>bonfire</hw> \K/"bQnfVI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pa large open-air fire, for burning rubbish, as part of a celebration, or as a signal.\p\1make a bonfire of\c destroy by burning. \BEtymology:\b \3earlier \Ibonefire\i from \J\Xbone\x\j (bones being the chief material formerly used) + \J\Xfire\x\j\c
<hw>Bonfire Night</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b 5 Nov., on which fireworks are displayed and an effigy of Guy Fawkes burnt (see \J\Xguy\x (1)).\j
<hw>bongo (1)</hw> \K/"bQNg\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os\b or \B-oes)\b \IMus\i either of a pair of small long-bodied drums usu. held between the knees and played with the fingers. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin American Spanish \Ibong≤\i\c
<hw>bongo (2)</hw> \K/"bQNg\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i same or \B-os)\b \IZool\i a rare antelope, Tragelaphus euryceros, native to the forests of central Africa, having spiralled horns and a chestnut-red coat with narrow white vertical stripes. \BEtymology:\b \3Congolese\c
<hw>bonhomie</hw> \K/"bQn\F'\nmi:/\k\p\In.\i\pgeniality; good-natured friendliness. \BEtymology:\b \3French from \Ibonhomme\i 'good fellow'\c
<hw>bonhomous</hw> \K/"bQn\F'\nm\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i full of bonhomie.
<hw>bonito</hw> \K/b\F'\n"ni:t\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b \IZool\i any of various striped tuna of warm seas. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish\c
<hw>bonk</hw> \K/bQNk/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i hit resoundingly.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i bang; bump.\p\B3\b \BBrit.\b \ISex\i \Icoarse slang\i \Ba\b \Iintr.\i have sexual intercourse. \Bb\b \Itr.\i have sexual intercourse with.\p\In.\i\pan instance of bonking \3(a bonk on the head).\c\Kbonker omitted Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3imitative: cf. \J\Xbang\x,\j \J\Xbump\x,\j \J\Xconk\x (2)\j\c
<hw>bon mot</hw> \K/bQn "m\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bbons mots\b \Ipronunc.\i same or \K/-m\F'\nUz/\k) a witty saying. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = good word\c
\B\Ibonne bouche\b\i \K/bQn bu:S/, French /bOn buS/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B\Ibonne bouches\b\i or \B\Ibonnes bouches\b\i \Ipronunc.\i same) \ICookery\i a titbit, esp. to end a meal with. \BEtymology:\b \3French from \Ibonne\i fem. 'good' + \Ibouche\i 'mouth'\c
<hw>bonnet</hw> \K/"bQnIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IClothing\i \Ba\b a woman's or child's hat tied under the chin and usu. with a brim framing the face. \Bb\b a soft round brimless hat like a beret worn by men and boys in Scotland \I(cf.\i \J\Xtam-o'-shanter\x).\j \Bc\b \Icolloq.\i any hat.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b \ITransport\i a hinged cover over the engine of a motor vehicle.\p\B3\b \IAnthropol\i the ceremonial feathered headdress of an American Indian.\p\B4\b the cowl of a chimney etc.\p\B5\b \IMech\i a protective cap in various machines.\p\B6\b \INaut.\i additional canvas laced to the foot of a sail. \Bbonneted\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ibonet\i from medieval Latin \Iabonnis\i 'headgear'\c
<hw>bonnethead</hw> \K/"bQnIthEd/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a hammerhead shark, Sphyrna tiburo, with a relatively narrow head. \IAlso called\i \Ishovelhead.\i
<hw>bonnet monkey</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i an Indian macaque, Macaca radiata, with a bonnet-like tuft of hair.
<hw>bonny</hw> \K/"bQni/\k \Iadj.\i (also \Bbonnie)\b \B(bonnier,\b \Bbonniest)\b \Besp. Sc.\b & \BN.Engl.\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b physically attractive. \Bb\b healthy-looking.\p\B2\b good, fine, pleasant. \Bbonnily\b \Iadv.\i \Bbonniness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \315th c.: perhaps from Old French \Ibon\i 'good'\c
<hw>bonsai</hw> \K/"bQnsVI/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i same) \IHort\i\p\B1\b the art of cultivating ornamental artificially dwarfed varieties of trees and shrubs.\p\B2\b (also \Bbonsai tree)\b a tree or shrub grown by this method. \BEtymology:\b \3Japanese, from \Ibon\i 'tray' + \Isai\i 'planting'\c
<hw>bonspiel</hw> \K/"bQnspi:l/\k\p\In.\i\p\Besp. Sc.\b \ISport\i a curling match. \BEtymology:\b \316th c.: perhaps from Low German\c
<hw>bontebok</hw> \K/"bQnt\F'\nbQk/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bbontbok\b \K/"bQntbQk/\k) \I(pl.\i same or \B-boks)\b \IZool\i a large chestnut antelope, Damaliscus dorcas, native to southern Africa, having a white tail and a white patch on its head and rump. \BEtymology:\b \3Afrikaans from \Ibont\i 'spotted' + \Ibok\i \J\Xbuck\x (1)\j\c
<hw>bonus</hw> \K/"b\F'\nUn\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an unsought or unexpected extra benefit.\Knew use note in COD9 from COD box Aug 93\k\p\B2\b \ICommerce\i \Ba\b a usu. seasonal gratuity to employees beyond their normal pay. \Bb\b \BBrit.\b an extra dividend or issue paid to the shareholders of a company. \Bc\b \BBrit.\b a distribution of profits to holders of an insurance policy. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ibonus,\i \Ibonum\i 'good (thing)'\c The phrase \Iadded bonus,\i although common, is regarded as tautologous by some people and is to be avoided in formal usage.
<hw>bon vivant</hw> \K/bQ~ vi:"vQ~/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bbon vivants\b or \Bbons vivants\b \Ipronunc.\i same) a person indulging in good living; a gourmand. \BEtymology:\b \3French, literally 'good liver', from \Ivivre\i 'to live'\c
<hw>bon viveur</hw> \K/bQ~ vi:"v\F'\n:/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bbon viveurs\b or \Bbons viveurs\b \Ipronunc.\i same) = \J\Xbon vivant\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3pseudo-French, after \Ibon vivant:\i \Iviveur\i 'a living person'\c
<hw>bon voyage</hw> \K/bQn vOI"jA:Z/, /bO~ vwa"jA:Z/\k \Iint. & n.\i an expression of good wishes to a departing traveller. \BEtymology:\b \3French, literally 'good journey'\c
<hw>bony</hw> \K/"b\F'\nUni/\k \Iadj.\i \B(bonier,\b \Bboniest)\b\p\B1\b (of a person) thin with prominent bones.\p\B2\b having many bones.\p\B3\b of or like bone.\p\B4\b \IZool\i (of a fish) having bones rather than cartilage. \Bboniness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>bonze</hw> \K/bQnz/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i a Japanese or Chinese Buddhist priest. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ibonze\i or Portuguese \Ibonzo,\i probably from Japanese \Ibonzo,\i \Ibonso\i 'priest'\c
<hw>boo</hw> \K/bu:/\k \Iint., n., & v.\i \Iint.\i\p\B1\b an expression of disapproval or contempt.\p\B2\b a sound, made esp. to a child, intended to surprise.\p\In.\i\pan utterance of \Iboo,\i esp. as an expression of disapproval or contempt made to a performer etc.\p\Iv.\i\p\B(boos,\b \Bbooed)\b\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i utter a boo or boos.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i jeer at (a performer etc.) by booing.\p\1can't (or wouldn't) say boo to a goose\c is very shy or timid. \BEtymology:\b \3imitative\c
<hw>boob (1)</hw> \K/bu:b/\k \In. & v.\i \Islang\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b an embarrassing mistake.\p\B2\b a simpleton. \Iv.intr.\i \BBrit.\b make an embarrassing mistake. \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation of \J\Xbooby\x\j\c
<hw>boob (2)</hw> \K/bu:b/\k\p\In.\i\p\Islang\i a woman's breast. \BEtymology:\b \3earlier \Ibubby,\i \Ibooby,\i of uncertain origin\c
<hw>booboo</hw> \K/"bu:bu:/\k\p\In.\i\p\Islang\i a mistake. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xboob\x (1)\j\c
<hw>boobook</hw> \K/"bu:bUk/\k\p\In.\i\p(in full \Bboobook owl)\b \IZool\i a brown spotted owl, Ninox novaeseelandiae, native to Australia and New Zealand. \BEtymology:\b \3imitative of its call\c
<hw>boob tube</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Islang\i\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b \IFashion\i a woman's low-cut close-fitting usu. strapless top.\p\B2\b \I(usu. prec. by \Bthe)\b\i \BN. Amer.\b television; one's television set.
<hw>booby</hw> \K/"bu:bi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b a stupid or childish person.\p\B2\b \IZool\i a small gannet of the genus \ISula.\i \BEtymology:\b \3probably from Spanish \Ibobo\i (in both senses) from Latin \Ibalbus\i 'stammering'\c
<hw>booby-hatch</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Besp. US\b \IMed\i \Islang\i \Ioffens.\i a psychiatric hospital.
<hw>booby prize</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IGames\i a prize given to the least successful competitor in a contest.
<hw>booby trap</hw> \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a trap intended as a practical joke, e.g. an object placed on top of a door ajar ready to fall on the next person to pass through.\p\B2\b \IMil.\i an apparently harmless explosive device intended to kill or injure anyone touching it. \Iv.tr.\i \B(booby-trap)\b place a booby trap or traps in or on.
<hw>boodle</hw> \K/"bu:d(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\Islang\i money, esp. when gained or used dishonestly, e.g. as a bribe. \BEtymology:\b \3Dutch \Iboedel\i 'possessions'\c
<hw>boogie</hw> \K/"bu:gi/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.intr.\i \B(boogies,\b \Bboogied,\b \Bboogieing)\b\Kpres. part. form changed in COD9 to match OED, corpus, logic Aug 93\k \Islang\i dance to pop music.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMus\i = \J\Xboogie-woogie\x.\j\p\B2\b \Islang\i a dance to pop music. \BEtymology:\b \320th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>boogie-woogie</hw> \K/bu:gI"wu:gi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMus\i a style of playing blues or jazz on the piano, marked by a persistent bass rhythm. \BEtymology:\b \3probably from \J\Xboogie\x\j\c
<hw>boohoo</hw> \K/bu:"hu:/\k \Iint. & v.\i \Iint.\i expressing weeping. \Iv.intr.\i \B(boohoos,\b \Bboohooed)\b (esp. of a child) weep loudly.\Knew word in COD9 f. NSOED, files Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3imitative\c
<hw>book</hw> \K/bUk/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ILiterature Publishing\i \Ba\b a written or printed work consisting of pages glued or sewn together along one side and bound in covers. \Bb\b a literary composition intended for publication \3(is working on her book).\c\p\B2\b a bound set of blank sheets for writing or keeping records in.\p\B3\b a set of tickets, stamps, matches, cheques, samples of cloth, etc., bound up together.\p\B4\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i a set of records or accounts.\p\B5\b \IBibl\i a main division of a literary work, or of the Bible \3(the Book of Deuteronomy).\c\p\B6\b (in full \Bbook of words)\b a libretto, script of a play, etc.\p\B7\b \Icolloq.\i a magazine.\p\B8\b a telephone directory \3(his number's in the book).\c\p\B9\b \IRacing\i a record of bets made and money paid out at a race meeting by a bookmaker.\p\B10\b \ICards\i a set of six tricks collected together in a card game.\p\B11\b an imaginary record or list \3(the book of life).\c\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b engage (a seat etc.) in advance; make a reservation of. \Bb\b engage (a guest, supporter, etc.) for some occasion.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b \ISport Criminol\i take the personal details of (an offender or rule-breaker). \Bb\b enter in a book or list.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i make a reservation for (a person).\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i make a reservation \3(no need to book).\c\p\Bbook in\b \Besp. Brit.\b register one's arrival at a hotel etc.\p\Bbook up\b\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b buy tickets in advance for a theatre, concert, holiday, etc.\p\B2\b (as \Bbooked up\b \Iadj.)\i with all places reserved.\p\1bring to book\c call to account.\p\1go by the book\c proceed according to the rules.\p\1in a person's bad (or good) books\c in disfavour (or favour) with a person.\p\1in my book\c in my opinion.\p\1make a book\c (or \BUS\b \Bmake book)\b \IRacing\i take bets and pay out winnings at a race meeting.\p\1not in the book\c disallowed.\p\1on the books\c contained in a list of members etc.\p\1suits my book\c \BBrit.\b is convenient to me.\p\1take a leaf out of a person's book\c imitate a person.\p\1throw the book at\c \Icolloq.\i charge or punish to the utmost. \Bbooker\b\p\In.\i\p\K-er new f. corpus Sept 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iboc\i \I(n.),\i \Ibocian\i \I(v.),\i from Germanic, usu. taken to be related to \J\Xbeech\x\j (the bark of which was used for writing on)\c
<hw>bookable</hw> \K/"bUk\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b that may be reserved or engaged in advance.\p\B2\b \IFootball\i (of an offence) serious enough to be entered in the referee's book.\Knew f. corpus May 94\k
<hw>bookbinder</hw> \K/"bUkbVInd\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBookbinding\i a person who binds books professionally. \Bbookbinding\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>bookcase</hw> \K/"bUkkeIs/\k\p\In.\i\pa set of shelves for books in the form of a cabinet.
<hw>book club</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPublishing Commerce\i a society which sells its members selected books on special terms.
<hw>bookend</hw> \K/"bUkEnd/\k\p\In.\i\pa usu. ornamental prop used to keep a row of books upright, esp. one of a pair.
<hw>booking</hw> \K/"bUkIN/\k\p\In.\i\pthe act or an instance of booking or being booked (see \J\Xbook\x\p\Iv.\i\p1, 2).\j
<hw>booking clerk</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IRailways\i an official selling tickets at a railway station etc.
<hw>booking hall</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IRailways\i a room or area at a railway station in which tickets are sold.
<hw>booking office</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IRailways\i a place where tickets are sold, esp. at a railway station or theatre.
<hw>bookish</hw> \K/"bUkIS/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b studious; fond of reading.\p\B2\b acquiring knowledge from books rather than practical experience.\p\B3\b (of a word, language, etc.) literary; not colloquial. \Bbookishly\b \Iadv.\i \Bbookishness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>bookkeeper</hw> \K/"bUkki:p\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i a person who keeps accounts for a trader, a public office, etc. \Bbookkeeping\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>bookland</hw> \K/"bUkland/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \Ihist.\i an area of common land granted by charter to a private owner (from an earlier sense of \Ibook\i = charter).
<hw>book learning</hw>\p\In.\i\pmere theory.
<hw>booklet</hw> \K/"bUklIt/\k\p\In.\i\pa small book consisting of a few sheets usu. with paper covers.
<hw>book-louse</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a minute insect of the order Psocoptera, often damaging to books.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k
<hw>bookmaker</hw> \K/"bUkmeIk\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGambling Racing\i a person who takes bets, esp. on horse races, calculates odds, and pays out winnings. \Bbookmaking\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>bookman</hw> \K/"bUkm\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-men)\b a literary man, esp. a reviewer.
<hw>bookmark</hw> \K/"bUkmA:k/\k\p\In.\i\pa strip of leather, card, etc., used to mark one's place in a book.\Kbookmarker omitted Dec 93\k
<hw>bookmobile</hw> \K/"bUkm\F'\n%bi:l/\k\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b a mobile library. \BEtymology:\b \3on the pattern of \J\Xautomobile\x\j\c
<hw>book of words</hw> \Isee\i \J\Xbook\x\p\In.\i\p6.\j\Knew as hwd Sept 94\k
<hw>bookplate</hw> \K/"bUkpleIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBibliog\i a decorative label stuck in the front of a book, bearing the owner's name.
<hw>book-rest</hw>\p\In.\i\pan adjustable support for an open book on a table.
<hw>bookseller</hw> \K/"bUksEl\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Besp. Brit.\b \ICommerce\i a dealer in books.
<hw>bookshelf</hw> \K/"bUkSElf/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-shelves)\b a shelf on which books can be stored.\Knew f. corpus Sept 94\k
<hw>bookshop</hw> \K/"bUkSQp/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i a shop where books are sold.
<hw>bookstall</hw> \K/"bUkstO:l/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i a stand for selling books, newspapers, etc., esp. out of doors or at a station etc.
<hw>booksy</hw> \K/"bUksi/\k \Iadj.\i \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i having literary or bookish pretensions.
<hw>book token</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b a voucher which can be exchanged for books to a specified value.
<hw>book value</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i the value of a commodity as entered in a firm's books \I(opp.\i \J\Xmarket value\x).\j
<hw>bookwork</hw> \K/"bUkw\F'\n:k/\k\p\In.\i\pthe study of books (as opposed to practical work).
<hw>bookworm</hw> \K/"bUkw\F'\n:m/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Icolloq.\i a person devoted to reading.\p\B2\b \IZool\i the larva of a moth or beetle which feeds on the paper and glue used in books.
<hw>Boolean</hw> \K/"bu:lI\F'\nn/\k \Iadj.\i \IMath\i denoting a system of algebraic notation to represent logical propositions. \BEtymology:\b \3G. \IBoole,\i English mathematician d. 1864\c
<hw>Boolean logic</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IComputing\i the use of the logical operators 'and', 'or', and 'not' in retrieving information from a computer database.
<hw>boom (1)</hw> \K/bu:m/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\pa deep resonant sound. \Iv.intr.\i make or speak with a boom. \BEtymology:\b \3imitative\c
<hw>boom (2)</hw> \K/bu:m/\k \In. & v.\i \ICommerce\i\p\In.\i\pa period of prosperity or sudden activity in commerce. \Iv.intr.\i (esp. of commercial ventures) be suddenly prosperous or successful. \Bboomlet\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \319th-c. US word, perhaps from \J\Xboom\x (1)\j\c
<hw>boom (3)</hw> \K/bu:m/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \INaut.\i a pivoted spar to which the foot of a sail is attached, allowing the angle of the sail to be changed.\p\B2\b \ICinematog Telev\i a long pole over a television or film set, carrying a microphone or other equipment.\p\B3\b a floating barrier across the mouth of a harbour or river. \BEtymology:\b \3Dutch, = \J\Xbeam\x\p\In.\i\p\j 'tree, pole'\c
<hw>boom box</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Islang\i = \J\Xghetto blaster\x.\j\Knew f. Incs, NSOED Sept 94\k
<hw>boomer</hw> \K/"bu:m\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool\i a large male kangaroo.\p\B2\b a large wave.\Ka N. American mountain beaver, Aplodontia rufa omitted Jan 94\k
<hw>boomerang</hw> \K/"bu:m\F'\nraN/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a curved flat hardwood missile used by Australian Aboriginals to kill prey, and often of a kind able to return in flight to the thrower.\p\B2\b a plan or scheme that recoils on its originator. \Iv.intr.\i\p\B1\b act as a boomerang.\p\B2\b (of a plan or action) backfire. \BEtymology:\b \3Dharuk \Ibumariny\i\c
<hw>boomslang</hw> \K/"bu:mslaN/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a venomous tree-snake, Dispholidus typus, native to southern Africa. \BEtymology:\b \3Afrikaans from \Iboom\i 'tree' + \Islang\i 'snake'\c
<hw>boom town</hw>\p\In.\i\pa town undergoing sudden growth due to a boom.
<hw>boon (1)</hw> \K/bu:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an advantage; a blessing.\p\B2\b \Iarchaic\i \Ba\b a thing asked for; a request. \Bb\b a gift; a favour. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, originally = prayer, via Old Norse \Ib≤n\i from Germanic\c
<hw>boon (2)</hw> \K/bu:n/\k \Iadj.\i close, intimate, favourite (usu. \2boon companion).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English (originally = jolly, congenial) via Old French \Ibon\i from Latin \Ibonus\i 'good'\c
<hw>boondock</hw> \K/"bu:ndQk/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i \BN. Amer.\b \IGeog\i \Islang\i rough or isolated country. \BEtymology:\b \3Tagalog \Ibundok\i 'mountain'\c
<hw>boondoggle</hw> \K/"bu:ndQg(\F'\n)l/\k \In. & v.\i \BN. Amer.\b \Icolloq.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a trivial or useless undertaking.\p\B2\b a dishonest undertaking; a fraud. \Iv.intr.\i take part in a trivial, useless, or dishonest undertaking.\Knew in COD9 f. SOED, NEWS Feb 94\k \BEtymology:\b \320th c.: origin uncertain\c
<hw>boonies</hw> \K/"bu:nIz/\k \In.pl.\i \BN. Amer.\b \IGeog\i \Islang\i = \J\Xboondock\x.\j\Knew f. Inc., F. Abate, Oct 94\k
<hw>boor</hw> \K/bU\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a rude, ill-mannered person.\p\B2\b a clumsy person. \Bboorish\b \Iadj.\i \Bboorishly\b \Iadv.\i \Bboorishness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Low German \Ibur\i or Dutch \Iboer\i 'farmer': cf. \J\Xbower\x (3)\j\c
<hw>boost</hw> \K/bu:st/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b promote or increase the reputation of (a person, scheme, commodity, etc.) by praise or advertising; push; increase or assist \3(boosted his spirits;\c \2boost sales).\c \Bb\b push from below; assist \3(boosted me up the tree).\c\p\B2\b \Ba\b \IElectr\i raise the voltage in (an electric circuit etc.). \Bb\b \IRadio\i amplify (a radio signal).\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an act, process, or result of boosting; a push \3(asked for a boost up the hill).\c\p\B2\b \ICommerce\i \Ba\b an advertisement campaign. \Bb\b the resulting advance in value, reputation, etc. \BEtymology:\b \319th-c. US word: origin unknown\c
<hw>booster</hw> \K/"bu:st\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IElectr\i a device for increasing electrical power or voltage.\p\B2\b \IEngin\i an auxiliary engine or rocket used to give initial acceleration.\p\B3\b \IMed.\i a dose of an immunizing agent increasing or renewing the effect of an earlier one.\p\B4\b a person who boosts by helping or encouraging.
<hw>boot (1)</hw> \K/bu:t/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IClothing\i an outer covering for the foot, esp. of leather, reaching above the ankle, often to the knee.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b the luggage compartment of a motor car, usu. at the rear.\p\B3\b \Icolloq.\i a firm kick.\p\B4\b \I(prec. by \Bthe)\b\i \Icolloq.\i dismissal, esp. \BBrit.\b from employment \3(gave them the boot).\c\p\B5\b a covering to protect the lower part of a horse's leg.\p\B6\b \Ihist.\i an instrument of torture encasing and crushing the foot.\p\B7\b \Iderog.\i a person.\Ksense 7 new in COD9 f. NSOED Aug 93\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b kick, esp. hard.\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Bout)\b\i dismiss (a person) forcefully.\p\B3\b \IComputing\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bup)\b\i put (a computer) in a state of readiness \I(cf.\i \J\Xbootstrap\x 2).\j\p\1the boot (or \BN. Amer.\b shoe) is on the other foot\c (or \Bleg)\b the truth or responsibility is the other way round.\p\1die with one's boots on\c \IMil\i (of a soldier etc.) die fighting.\p\1put the boot in\c \BBrit.\b\p\B1\b kick brutally.\p\B2\b act decisively against a person.\p\1you bet your boots\c \Islang\i it is quite certain. \Bbooted\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, from Old Norse \Ib≤ti\i or Old French \Ibote,\i of unknown origin\c
<hw>boot (2)</hw> \K/bu:t/\k\p\In.\i\p\1to boot\c as well; to the good; in addition. \BEtymology:\b \3originally = 'advantage': Old English \Ibot,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>bootblack</hw> \K/"bu:tblak/\k\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b \Iesp. hist.\i a person who polishes boots and shoes.
<hw>bootboy</hw> \K/"bu:tbOI/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a boy employed to clean shoes.\p\B2\b a hooligan typically wearing heavy boots.\Knew word in COD9 f. NSOED, corpus, RL Aug 93\k
<hw>bootee</hw> \K/bu:"ti:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IClothing\i\p\B1\b a soft shoe, esp. a woollen one, worn by a baby.\p\B2\b a woman's short boot.
<hw>booth</hw> \K/bu:D/, /bu:T/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a small temporary roofed structure of canvas, wood, etc., used esp. as a market stall, for puppet shows, etc.\p\B2\b an enclosure or compartment for various purposes, e.g. telephoning or voting.\p\B3\b \IFood\i a set of a table and benches in a restaurant or bar. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, from Scandinavian\c
<hw>bootjack</hw> \K/"bu:tdZak/\k\p\In.\i\pa device for holding a boot by the heel to ease withdrawal of the leg.
<hw>bootlace</hw> \K/"bu:tleIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IClothing\i a cord or leather thong for lacing boots.
<hw>bootleg</hw> \K/"bu:tlEg/\k \Iadj., v., & n.\i \ICriminol\i \Iadj.\i (esp. of liquor) smuggled; illicitly sold; pirated. \Iv.tr.\i \B(-legged,\b \B-legging)\b make, distribute, or smuggle (illicit goods, esp. alcohol); pirate (a musical recording).\p\In.\i\p\IMus\i a pirated musical recording.\Knoun new f. OERD, corpus, May 94\k \Bbootlegger\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3from the smugglers' practice of concealing bottles in their boots\c
<hw>bootlicker</hw> \K/"bu:tlIk\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Icolloq.\i a person who behaves obsequiously or servilely; a toady.
<hw>bootmaker</hw> \K/"bu:tmeIk\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IClothing\i a maker or manufacturer of boots and shoes.\Knew word in COD9 f. NSOED Aug 93\k
<hw>boots</hw> \K/bu:ts/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b a hotel servant who cleans boots and shoes, carries luggage, etc.
<hw>bootstrap</hw> \K/"bu:tstrap/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IClothing\i a loop at the back of a boot used to pull it on.\p\B2\b \IComputing\i a technique of loading a program into a computer by means of a few initial instructions which enable the introduction of the rest of the program from an input device.\p\1pull oneself up by one's bootstraps\c better oneself by one's own efforts.
<hw>booty</hw> \K/"bu:ti/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMil\i plunder gained esp. in war or by piracy.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i something gained or won. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Middle Low German \Ibute,\i \Ibuite\i 'exchange', of uncertain origin\c
<hw>booze</hw> \K/bu:z/\k \In. & v.\i \IDrink\i \Icolloq.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b alcoholic drink.\p\B2\b the drinking of this \3(on the booze).\c \Iv.intr.\i drink alcoholic liquor, esp. excessively or habitually. \BEtymology:\b \3earlier \Ibouse,\i \Ibowse,\i from Middle Dutch \Ibusen\i 'drink to excess'\c
<hw>boozer</hw> \K/"bu:z\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IDrink\i \Icolloq.\i\p\B1\b a person who drinks alcohol, esp. to excess.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b a public house.
<hw>booze-up</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Islang\i a drinking bout.
<hw>bop (1)</hw> \K/bQp/\k \In. & v.\i \Icolloq.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMus\i = \J\Xbebop\x.\j\p\B2\b \Besp. Brit.\b \Ba\b \IDancing\i a spell of dancing, esp. to pop music. \Bb\b an organized social occasion for this. \Iv.intr.\i \B(bopped,\b \Bbopping)\b move or dance, esp. to pop music. \Bbopper\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation of \J\Xbebop\x\j\c
<hw>bora (1)</hw> \K/"bO:r\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeog\i a strong cold dry NE wind blowing in the upper Adriatic. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian dialect from Latin \Iboreas\i 'north wind': see \J\Xboreal\x\j\c
<hw>bora (2)</hw> \K/"bO:r\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BAustral.\b \IAnthropol\i an Aboriginal rite in which boys are initiated into manhood. \BEtymology:\b \3Kamilaroi \Ibuuru\i\c
<hw>boracic</hw> \K/b\F'\n"rasIk/\k \Iadj.\i \IChem\i of borax; containing boron. \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Iborax -acis:\i see \J\Xborax\x\j\c
<hw>borage</hw> \K/"bQrIdZ/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a plant of the genus \IBorago,\i esp. Borago officinalis with bright blue flowers and hairy leaves both used as flavouring. \BEtymology:\b \3Old French \Ibourrache\i via medieval Latin \Iborrago,\i perhaps from Arabic '\Iabu huraÜ\i 'father of roughness' (referring to the leaves)\c
<hw>borane</hw> \K/"bO:reIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i any of the hydrides of boron.
<hw>borate</hw> \K/"bO:reIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i a salt or ester of boric acid.
<hw>borax</hw> \K/"bO:raks/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i\p\B1\b the mineral salt sodium borate, occurring in alkaline deposits as an efflorescence or as crystals.\p\B2\b the purified form of this salt, used in making glass and china, and as an antiseptic. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iboras\i and medieval Latin \Iborax\i from Arabic \Iburak,\i from Persian \Iburah\i\c
<hw>Borazon</hw> \K/"bO:r\F'\nzQn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i \Ipropr.\i a hard form of boron nitride, used as an abrasive. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xboron\x\j + \J\Xazo-\x\j nitrogen + \I-on\i\c
<hw>borborygmus</hw> \K/bO:b\F'\n"rIgm\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bborborygmi\b \K/-mVI/\k) \IMed\i a rumbling of gas in the intestines. \Bborborygmic\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from Greek\c
<hw>Bordeaux</hw> \K/bO:"d\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i same \K/-"d\F'\nUz/\k) \IDrink\i any of various red, white, or rosΘ wines from the district of Bordeaux in SW France.
<hw>Bordeaux mixture</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IHort\i a fungicide for vines, fruit trees, etc., composed of equal quantities of copper sulphate and calcium oxide in water. \BEtymology:\b \3first used in the vineyards of \IBordeaux\i in SW France\c
<hw>bordello</hw> \K/bO:"dEl\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b \Besp. N. Amer.\b a brothel. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English (from Italian \Ibordello)\i from Old French \Ibordel\i 'cabin', diminutive of \Iborde,\i ultimately from Frankish\c
<hw>border</hw> \K/"bO:d\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the edge or boundary of anything, or the part near it.\p\B2\b \IGeog Polit\i \Ba\b the line separating two political or geographical areas, esp. countries. \Bb\b the district on each side of this. \Bc\b \B(the Border)\b a particular boundary and its adjoining districts, esp. between Scotland and England (usu. \Bthe Borders),\b or Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland.\p\B3\b a distinct edging round anything, esp. for strength or decoration.\p\B4\b a long narrow bed of flowers or shrubs in a garden \3(herbaceous border).\c\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i be a border to.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i provide with a border.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bon,\b \Bupon)\b\i \Ba\b adjoin; come close to being. \Bb\b approximate, resemble. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ibordure:\i ultimately related (via Germanic) to \J\Xboard\x\j\c
<hw>Border collie</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a common working sheepdog. \BEtymology:\b \3originating near the border between England and Scotland\c
<hw>borderer</hw> \K/"bO:d(\F'\n)r\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pa person who lives near a border, esp. that between Scotland and England.
<hw>borderland</hw> \K/"bO:d\F'\nland/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IGeog\i the district near a border.\p\B2\b an intermediate condition between two extremes.\p\B3\b an area for debate.
<hw>borderline</hw> \K/"bO:d\F'\nlVIn/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the line dividing two (often extreme) conditions.\p\B2\b a line marking a boundary. \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b on the borderline.\p\B2\b verging on an extreme condition; only just acceptable.
<hw>Border terrier</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i\p\B1\b a small terrier of a breed with rough hair, originating in the Cheviot Hills.\p\B2\b this breed. \BEtymology:\b \3originating near the border between England and Scotland\c
<hw>bordure</hw> \K/"bO:djU\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IHeraldry\i a border round the edge of a shield. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English form of \J\Xborder\x\j\c
<hw>bore (1)</hw> \K/bO:/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i make a hole in, esp. with a revolving tool.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i hollow out (a tube etc.).\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b make (a hole) by boring or excavation. \Bb\b make (one's way) through a crowd etc.\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i \ISport\i (of an athlete, racehorse, etc.) push another competitor out of the way.\p\B5\b \Iintr.\i drill a well (for oil etc.).\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i\p\B1\b the hollow of a firearm barrel or of a cylinder in an internal-combustion engine.\p\B2\b the diameter of this; the calibre.\p\B3\b = \J\Xborehole\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iborian,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>bore (2)</hw> \K/bO:/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\pa tiresome or dull person or thing. \Iv.tr.\i weary by tedious talk or dullness.\p\1bore a person to tears\c weary (a person) in the extreme. \BEtymology:\b \318th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>bore (3)</hw> \K/bO:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeog\i a high tidal wave caused by the meeting of two tides, or by the constriction of a spring tide, rushing up a narrow estuary. \IAlso called\i \Ieagre.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, perhaps from Old Norse \Ibßra\i 'wave'\c
<hw>boreal</hw> \K/"bO:rI\F'\nl/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IGeog\i of the North or northern regions.\p\B2\b \IMeteorol\i of the north wind. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via French \IborΘal\i or Late Latin \Iborealis\i from Latin \IBoreas,\i from Greek \IBoreas\i 'god of the north wind'\c
<hw>boredom</hw> \K/"bO:d\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\pthe state of being bored; ennui.
<hw>borehole</hw> \K/"bO:h\F'\nUl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IEngin\i a deep narrow hole, esp. one made in the earth to find water, oil, etc.\KAustral sense omitted: deleted from ACOD Jan 94\k
<hw>borer</hw> \K/"bO:r\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool\i a worm, mollusc, insect, or insect larva which bores into wood, other plant material, or rock.\p\B2\b a tool for boring.
<hw>boric</hw> \K/"bO:rIk/\k \Iadj.\i \IChem\i of or containing boron.
<hw>boric acid</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i an acid derived from borax, used as a mild antiseptic and in the manufacture of heat-resistant glass and enamels.
<hw>boring</hw> \K/"bO:rIN/\k \Iadj.\i that makes one bored; uninteresting, tedious, dull. \Bboringly\b \Iadv.\i \Bboringness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>born</hw> \K/bO:n/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b existing as a result of birth.\p\B2\b \Ba\b being such or likely to become such by natural ability or quality \3(a born leader).\c \Bb\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bto\b + infin.)\i having a specified destiny or prospect \3(born lucky;\c \2born to be king;\c \2born to lead men).\c\p\B3\b \I(in \Bcomb.)\b\i of a certain status by birth \3(French-born;\c \2well-born).\c\p\1born and bred\c by birth and upbringing.\p\1in all one's born days\c \Icolloq.\i in one's life so far.\p\1not born yesterday\c \Icolloq.\i not stupid; shrewd. \BEtymology:\b \3past part. of \J\Xbear\x (1)\j\c See Usage Note at \J\Xbear\x (1).\j
<hw>born-again</hw> \Iattrib.adj.\i \IRelig\i converted (esp. to fundamentalist Christianity).
<hw>borne</hw> \K/bO:n/\k \I\Ipast part.\i of\i \J\Xbear\x (1).\j \Iadj.\i \I(in \Bcomb.)\b\i carried or transported by \3(airborne).\c
\B\IbornΘ\b\i \K/"bO:neI/, French /bOrne/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b narrow-minded; of limited ideas.\p\B2\b having limitations. \BEtymology:\b \3French, past part. of \Iborner\i 'limit'\c
<hw>Bornholm disease</hw> \K/"bO:nh\F'\nUm dI%zi:z/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a viral infection with fever and pain in the muscles of the ribs. \BEtymology:\b \3\IBornholm\i in Denmark, where it was first described\c
<hw>boron</hw> \K/"bO:rQn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i a non-metallic brown amorphous or black crystalline element extracted from borax and boracic acid and mainly used for hardening steel (symbol \BB).\b\Ksymb\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xborax\x\j + -\Ion\i from \Icarbon\i (which it resembles in some respects)\c
<hw>boronia</hw> \K/b\F'\n"r\F'\nUnI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BAustral.\b \IBot\i any sweet-scented shrub of the genus \IBoronia.\i \BEtymology:\b \3F. \IBorone,\i Italian botanist d. 1794\c
<hw>borosilicate</hw> \K/bO:r\F'\nU"sIlIkeIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i any of many substances containing boron, silicon, and oxygen generally used in glazes and enamels and in the production of glass.
<hw>borough</hw> \K/"bVr\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeog Polit\i\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b \Ba\b a town (as distinct from a city) with a corporation and privileges granted by a royal charter. \Bb\b \Ihist.\i a town sending representatives to Parliament.\p\B2\b an administrative division of London.\p\B3\b a municipal corporation in certain US states.\p\B4\b each of five divisions of New York City.\p\B5\b (in Alaska) a county.\Kborough corrected according to NSOED Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iburg,\i \Iburh\i from Germanic: cf. \J\Xburgh\x\j\c
<hw>borrow</hw> \K/"bQr\F'\nU/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \Itr.\i acquire temporarily with the promise or intention of returning. \Bb\b \Iintr.\i obtain money in this way.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i use (an idea, invention, etc.) originated by another; plagiarize.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i \IGolf\i \Ba\b play the ball uphill so that it rolls back towards the hole. \Bb\b allow for the wind or a slope.\p\1borrowed time\c an unexpected extension, esp. of life. \Bborrower\b\p\In.\i\p\Bborrowing\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iborgian\i 'give a pledge'\c
<hw>borrow pit</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IEngin\i a pit resulting from the excavation of material for use in embanking etc.\Knew f. SOED, Incomings Apr 94\k
<hw>Borstal</hw> \K/"bO:st(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ICriminol\i \Ihist.\i an institution for reforming and training young offenders. \BEtymology:\b \3\IBorstal\i in S. England, where the first of these was established\c The term \IBorstal\i has now been replaced by \Idetention centre\i and \Iyouth custody centre.\i
<hw>bort</hw> \K/bO:t/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bboart)\b \IMineral\i\p\B1\b an inferior or malformed diamond, used for cutting.\p\B2\b fragments of diamonds produced in cutting. \BEtymology:\b \3Dutch \Iboort\i\c
<hw>bortsch</hw> \K/bO:tS/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bborsch\b \K/bO:S/\k) \ICookery\i a highly seasoned Russian or Polish soup with various ingredients including beetroot and cabbage and served with sour cream. \BEtymology:\b \3Russian \Iborshch\i\c
<hw>borzoi</hw> \K/"bO:zOI/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i\p\B1\b a large Russian wolfhound of a breed with a narrow head and silky, usu. white, coat.\p\B2\b this breed. \BEtymology:\b \3Russian, from \Iborzyi\i 'swift'\c
<hw>boscage</hw> \K/"bQskIdZ/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bboskage)\b \IBot\i\p\B1\b masses of trees or shrubs.\p\B2\b wooded scenery. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iboscage\i (modern \J\Xbocage\x)\j ultimately from the Germanic base of \J\Xbush\x (1)\j\c
<hw>bosom</hw> \K/"bUz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a person's breast or chest, esp. a woman's. \Bb\b \Icolloq.\i each of a woman's breasts. \Bc\b the enclosure formed by a person's breast and arms.\p\B2\b an emotional centre, esp. as the source of an enfolding relationship \3(in the bosom of one's family).\c\p\B3\b \IFashion\i the part of a woman's dress covering the breast. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibosm,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>bosom friend</hw>\p\In.\i\pa very close or intimate friend.
<hw>bosomy</hw> \K/"bUz(\F'\n)mi/\k \Iadj.\i (of a woman) having large breasts.
<hw>boson</hw> \K/"b\F'\nUzQn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i any of several subatomic particles obeying the relations stated by Bose and Einstein, with a zero or integral spin, e.g. photons (cf. \J\Xfermion\x).\j \BEtymology:\b \3S. N. \IBose,\i Indian physicist d. 1974\c
<hw>boss (1)</hw> \K/bQs/\k \In. & v.\i \Icolloq.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person in charge; an employer, manager, or overseer.\p\B2\b \BUS\b \IPolit\i a person who controls or dominates a political organization. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \I(usu. foll. by \Babout,\b \Baround)\b\i treat domineeringly; give constant peremptory orders to.\p\B2\b be the master or manager of. \BEtymology:\b \3originally US: from Dutch \Ibaas\i 'master'\c
<hw>boss (2)</hw> \K/bQs/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a round knob, stud, or other protuberance, esp. on the centre of a shield or in ornamental work.\p\B2\b \IArchit.\i a piece of ornamental carving etc. covering the point where the ribs in a vault or ceiling cross.\p\B3\b \IGeol.\i a large mass of igneous rock.\p\B4\b \IMech.\i an enlarged part of a shaft. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iboce\i from Romanic\c
<hw>bossa nova</hw> \K/bQs\F'\n "n\F'\nUv\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IDancing Mus\i\p\B1\b a dance like the samba, originating in Brazil.\p\B2\b a piece of music for this or in its rhythm. \BEtymology:\b \3Portuguese, = new style\c
<hw>boss-eyed</hw> \K/"bQsVId/\k \Iadj.\i \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i\p\B1\b having only one good eye; cross-eyed.\p\B2\b crooked; out of true. \BEtymology:\b \3dialect \Iboss\i 'miss, bungle'\c
<hw>boss-shot</hw> \K/"bQsSQt/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \Idial.\i & \Islang\i\p\B1\b a bad shot or aim.\p\B2\b an unsuccessful attempt. \BEtymology:\b \3as \J\Xboss-eyed\x\j\c
<hw>bot</hw> \K/bQt/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bbott)\b \IZool\i any of various parasitic larvae of flies of the family Oestridae, infesting horses, sheep, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3probably of Low Dutch origin\c
<hw>botanize</hw> \K/"bQt\F'\nnVIz/\k \Iv.intr.\i (also \B-ise)\b \IBot\i study plants, esp. in their habitat.
<hw>Botany</hw> \K/"bQt(\F'\n)ni/\k\p\In.\i\p(in full \BBotany wool)\b \ITextiles\i merino wool, esp. from Australia. \BEtymology:\b \3\IBotany Bay,\i New South Wales, where the wool originally came from, named from the variety of its flora\c
<hw>botany</hw> \K/"bQt(\F'\n)ni/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b the study of the physiology, structure, genetics, ecology, distribution, classification, and economic importance of plants.\p\B2\b the plant life of a particular area or time. \Bbotanic\b \K/b\F'\n"tanIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Bbotanical\b \K/b\F'\n"tanIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Bbotanically\b \K/b\F'\n"tanIk(\F'\n)li/\k \Iadv.\i \Bbotanist\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3\Ibotanic\i via French \Ibotanique\i or Late Latin \Ibotanicus\i from Greek \Ibotanikos,\i from \Ibotane\i 'plant': \Ibotany\i is from \Ibotanic\i\c
<hw>botch</hw> \K/bQtS/\k \Iv. & n.\i (also \Bbodge\b \K/bQdZ/\k) \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b bungle; do badly.\p\B2\b patch or repair clumsily.\p\In.\i\pbungled or spoilt work \3(made a botch of it).\c \Bbotcher\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English: origin unknown\c
<hw>botel</hw> \K/b\F'\nU"tEl/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bboatel)\b\p\B1\b a waterside hotel with facilities for mooring boats.\p\B2\b a ship with the facilities of a hotel.\Ksense 2 new f. SOED May 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3blend of \J\Xboat\x\j and \J\Xhotel\x\j\c
<hw>botfly</hw> \K/"bQtflVI/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-flies)\b \IZool\i a dipterous fly of the genus \IOestrus,\i with a stout hairy body and parasitic larvae \I(see\i \J\Xbot\x).\j
<hw>both</hw> \K/b\F'\nUT/\k \Ipredet., pron., & adv.\i \Ipredet. & pron.\i the two, not only one \3(both boys;\c \2both the boys;\c \2both of the boys;\c \2the boys are both here).\c \Iadv.\i with equal truth in two cases \3(he is both here and hungry).\c\p\1have it both ways\c alternate between two incompatible points of view to suit the needs of the moment. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, from Old Norse \Ibßthir\i\c \IBoth\i is widely used with \Iof,\i esp. when followed by a pronoun (e.g. \Iboth of us)\i or a noun implying separate rather than collective consideration, e.g. \Iboth of the boys\i suggests \Ieach boy\i rather than the two together.
<hw>bother</hw> \K/"bQD\F'\n/\k \Iv., n., & int.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b give trouble to; worry, disturb. \Bb\b \Irefl.\i \I(often foll. by \Babout)\b\i be anxious or concerned.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \Ba\b \I(often foll. by \Babout,\b or \Bto\b + infin.)\i worry or trouble oneself \3(don't bother about that;\c \2didn't bother to tell me).\c \Bb\b \I(foll. by \Bwith)\b\i be concerned.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a person or thing that bothers or causes worry. \Bb\b a minor nuisance.\p\B2\b trouble, worry, fuss. \Iint.\i \Besp. Brit.\b expressing annoyance or impatience.\p\1cannot be bothered\c will not make the effort needed. \BEtymology:\b \3earlier 'noise, chatter', probably related to Irish \Ibodhraim\i 'deafen, annoy'\c
<hw>bothy</hw> \K/"bQTi/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bbothie)\b \I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \BSc.\b a small hut or cottage, esp. one for housing labourers or for use as a mountain refuge. \BEtymology:\b \318th c.: origin unknown: perhaps related to \J\Xbooth\x\j\c
<hw>bo tree</hw> \K/b\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i the Indian fig tree, Ficus religiosa, regarded as sacred by Buddhists. \IAlso called\i \Ipeepul,\i \Ipipal.\i \BEtymology:\b \3representing Sinhalese \Ibogaha\i 'tree of knowledge' (Buddha's enlightenment having occurred beneath such a tree)\c
<hw>botryoidal</hw> \K/"bQtrIOId(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \IMineral.\i shaped like a cluster of grapes.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ibotruoeides\i from \Ibotrus\i 'bunch of grapes'\c
<hw>botrytis</hw> \K/b\F'\n"trVItIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot Drink\i a fungus of the genus \IBotrytis,\i esp. the grey mould B. cinerea, deliberately cultivated on the grapes used for certain wines \I(also called\i \J\Xnoble rot\x).\j\Knew f. incomings, NSOED Dec 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin, from Greek \Ibotrus\i 'cluster of grapes'\c
<hw>bott</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xbot\x.\j
<hw>bottle</hw> \K/"bQt(\F'\n)l/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a container, usu. of glass or plastic and with a narrow neck, for storing liquid.\p\B2\b the amount that will fill a bottle.\p\B3\b \BBrit.\b a baby's feeding bottle.\p\B4\b = \J\Xhot-water bottle\x.\j\p\B5\b a metal cylinder for liquefied gas.\p\B6\b \BBrit.\b \Islang\i courage, confidence. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b put into bottles or jars.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b preserve (fruit etc.) in jars.\p\B3\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bup)\b\i \Ba\b conceal or restrain for a time (esp. a feeling). \Bb\b \IMil\i keep (an enemy force etc.) contained or entrapped.\p\B4\b (as \Bbottled\b \Iadj.)\i \BBrit.\b \Islang\i drunk.\p\Bbottle out\b \I(often foll. by \Bof)\b\i \BBrit.\b \Islang\i fail to carry out some activity through lack of nerve.\Knew f. Inc., OED, Oct 94\k\p\1hit the bottle\c \Islang\i drink heavily.\p\1on the bottle\c \Islang\i drinking (alcohol) heavily.\Kbottleful omitted Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ibotele,\i \Ibotaille\i from medieval Latin \Ibutticula,\i diminutive of Late Latin \Ibuttis\i \J\Xbutt\x (4)\j\c
<hw>bottle bank</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IEcol\i a place where used bottles may be deposited for recycling.
<hw>bottle-brush</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a cylindrical brush for cleaning inside bottles.\p\B2\b \IBot\i any of various plants with a flower of this shape.
<hw>bottle-feed</hw> \Iv.tr.\i \I(past\i and \Ipast part.\i \B-fed)\b feed (a baby) with milk by means of a bottle.
<hw>bottle green</hw> \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\pdark green. \Iadj.\i \I(hyphenated when \Battrib.)\b\i of this colour.\Kcolour\k
<hw>bottleneck</hw> \K/"bQt(\F'\n)lnEk/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a narrow place where the flow of traffic, production, etc., is constricted.\p\B2\b an obstruction to the flow of something \3(information bottleneck).\c\p\B3\b \IMus.\i \Ba\b a device worn on a guitarist's finger, used to produce sliding effects on the strings. \Bb\b the style of playing that uses this. \Bc\b (in full \Bbottleneck guitar)\b a guitar so played.\Ksense 3 new in COD9 f. News, NSOED Aug 93\k
<hw>bottlenose</hw> \K/"bQt(\F'\n)ln\F'\nUz/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b a swollen nose.
<hw>bottlenose dolphin</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bbottlenosed dolphin)\b \IZool\i a dolphin, Tursiops truncatus, with a bottle-shaped snout.
<hw>bottle party</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IDrink\i a party to which guests bring bottles of drink.
<hw>bottler</hw> \K/"bQtl\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person who bottles drinks etc.\p\B2\b \BAustral.\b & \BNZ\b \Islang\i an excellent person or thing.
<hw>bottle tree</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i any of various Australian trees of the genus \IBrachychiton\i with a swollen bottle-shaped trunk.
<hw>bottle-washer</hw>\p\In.\i\p(esp. in phr. \Bchief cook and bottle-washer)\b \Icolloq.\i a menial, a factotum.\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED Aug 93\k
<hw>bottom</hw> \K/"bQt\F'\nm/\k \In., adj., & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the lowest point or part \3(bottom of the stairs).\c \Bb\b the part on which a thing rests \3(bottom of a saucepan).\c \Bc\b the underneath part \3(scraped the bottom of the car).\c \Bd\b the furthest or inmost part \3(bottom of the garden).\c\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i \Ba\b \IAnat\i the buttocks. \Bb\b \IFurniture\i the seat of a chair etc.\p\B3\b \Ba\b the less honourable, important, or successful end of a table, a class, etc. \3(at the bottom of the list of requirements).\c \Bb\b a person occupying this place \3(he's always bottom of the class).\c\p\B4\b the ground under the water of a lake, a river, etc. \3(swam until he touched the bottom).\c\p\B5\b the basis; the origin \3(he's at the bottom of it).\c\p\B6\b the essential character; reality.\p\B7\b \INaut.\i \Ba\b the keel or hull of a ship. \Bb\b a ship, esp. as a cargo carrier.\p\B8\b \Iarchaic\i staying power; endurance. \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b lowest; last \3(bottom button;\c \2bottom score).\c\p\B2\b lower \3(bottom half).\c\Ksense 2 replaced/new f. GLC May 94\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i put a bottom to (a chair, saucepan, etc.).\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \INaut\i (of a ship) reach or touch the bottom.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i find the extent or real nature of; work out.\p\B4\b \Itr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bon)\b\i base (an argument etc.) \3(reasoning bottomed on logic).\c\p\B5\b \Itr.\i touch the bottom or lowest point of.\p\1at bottom\c basically, essentially.\p\1be at the bottom of\c have caused.\p\1bet one's bottom dollar\c \Islang\i\p\B1\b stake all.\p\B2\b be very sure.\K2 new f. OERD May 94\k\p\1bottom falls (or drops) out\c collapse occurs.\p\Bbottom out\b reach the lowest level.\p\1bottoms up!\c a call to drain one's glass.\p\1bottom up\c \BBrit.\b upside-down.\p\1get to the bottom of\c fully investigate and explain.\p\1knock the bottom out of\c \BBrit.\b make invalid or useless; prove (a thing) worthless. \Bbottommost\b \K/"bQt\F'\nmm\F'\nUst/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibotm,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>bottom dog</hw>\p\In.\i\p= \J\Xunderdog\x.\j
<hw>bottom drawer</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b linen etc. stored by a woman in preparation for her marriage.
<hw>bottomless</hw> \K/"bQt\F'\nmlIs/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b without a bottom.\p\B2\b (of a supply etc.) inexhaustible.
<hw>bottom line</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Icolloq.\i the underlying or ultimate truth; the ultimate, esp. financial, criterion.
<hw>bottomry</hw> \K/"bQt\F'\nmri/\k \In. & v.\i \INaut.\i\p\In.\i\pa system of using a ship as security against a loan to finance a voyage, the lender losing his or her money if the ship sinks. \Iv.tr.\i \B(-ies,\b \B-ied)\b pledge (a ship) in this way. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbottom\x\j = ship + \J\X-ry\x,\j influenced by Dutch \Ibodemerij\i\c
<hw>bottom-up</hw> \Iattrib.adj.\i\p\B1\b proceeding from detail to general theory, or from the bottom upwards.\p\B2\b non-hierarchical.\Knew f. corpus, OERD Sept 94\k
<hw>botulism</hw> \K/"bQtjUlIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i poisoning caused by a toxin produced by the bacillus Clostridium botulinum growing in poorly preserved food. \BEtymology:\b \3German \IBotulismus\i 'sausage poisoning' from Latin \Ibotulus\i 'sausage'\c
<hw>bouclΘ</hw> \K/"bu:kleI/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITextiles\i\p\B1\b a looped or curled yarn (esp. wool).\p\B2\b a fabric, esp. knitted, made of this. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = buckled, curled\c
<hw>boudoir</hw> \K/"bu:dwA:/\k\p\In.\i\pa woman's small private room or bedroom. \BEtymology:\b \3French, literally 'sulking-place' from \Ibouder\i 'sulk'\c
<hw>bouffant</hw> \K/"bu:fQ~/\k \Iadj.\i \IHairdressing Fashion\i (of a dress, hair, etc.) puffed out. \BEtymology:\b \3French, from \Ibouffer\i 'swell'\c
<hw>bougainvillea</hw> \K/bu:g(\F'\n)n"vIlI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bbougainvillaea)\b \IBot\i any tropical widely cultivated plant of the genus \IBougainvillea,\i with large coloured bracts (usu. purple, red, or white) almost concealing the inconspicuous flowers. \BEtymology:\b \3L. A. de \IBougainville,\i French navigator d. 1811\c
<hw>bough</hw> \K/baU/\k\p\In.\i\pa branch of a tree, esp. a main one. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibog,\i \Iboh\i 'bough, shoulder' from Germanic: related to \J\Xbow\x (3)\j\c
<hw>bought</hw> \I\Ipast\i and \Ipast part.\i of\i \J\Xbuy\x.\j
<hw>boughten</hw> \K/"bO:t(\F'\n)n/\k \Iadj.\i \Idial.\i bought at a shop, not home-made. \BEtymology:\b \3variant of past part. of \J\Xbuy\x\j\c
<hw>bougie</hw> \K/"bu:Zi/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMed.\i a thin flexible surgical instrument for exploring, dilating, etc. the passages of the body.\p\B2\b a wax candle. \BEtymology:\b \3French from Arabic \IBijaya,\i an Algerian town with a wax trade\c
<hw>bouillabaisse</hw> \K/bu:j\F'\n"beIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i a rich, spicy fish-stew, originally from Provence. \BEtymology:\b \3French from modern Provenτal \Ibouiabaisso\i 'boil down'\c
\B\Ibouilli\b\i \K/"bu:ji/, French /buji/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i stewed or boiled meat. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = boiled\c
<hw>boulder</hw> \K/"b\F'\nUld\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pa large stone worn smooth by erosion. \Bbouldery\b \Iadj.\i\K-y new f. corpus, SOED Sept 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3short for \Iboulderstone,\i Middle English from Scandinavian\c
<hw>boulder clay</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IGeol.\i a mixture of boulders etc. deposited by massive bodies of melting ice, giving distinctive glacial formations.
<hw>boule (1)</hw> \K/bu:l/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bboules\b \Ipronunc.\i same) \IGames\i a French form of bowls, played on rough ground with usu. metal balls. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = \J\Xbowl\x (2)\j\c
<hw>boule (2)</hw> \K/"bu:li/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i a legislative body of ancient or modern Greece. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iboule\i 'senate'\c
<hw>boulevard</hw> \K/"bu:l\F'\nvA:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a broad tree-lined avenue.\p\B2\b \Besp. US\b a broad main road. \BEtymology:\b \3French from German \IBollwerk\i \J\Xbulwark\x,\j originally of a promenade on a demolished fortification\c
<hw>bounce</hw> \K/baUns/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \Iintr.\i (of a ball etc.) rebound. \Bb\b \Itr.\i cause to rebound. \Bc\b \Itr. & intr.\i bounce repeatedly.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \ICommerce\i \Icolloq.\i (of a cheque) be returned by a bank when there are insufficient funds to meet it.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i \Ba\b \I(foll. by \Babout,\b \Bup)\b\i (of a person, dog, etc.) jump or spring energetically. \Bb\b \I(foll. by \Bin,\b \Bout,\b etc.)\i rush noisily, angrily, enthusiastically, etc. \3(bounced into the room;\c \2bounced out in a temper).\c\p\B4\b \Itr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Binto\b + verbal noun)\i \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i hustle, persuade \3(bounced him into signing).\c\p\B5\b \Iintr.\i \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i talk boastfully.\p\B6\b \Itr.\i \Islang\i eject forcibly (from a dance hall, club, etc.).\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a rebound. \Bb\b the power of rebounding \3(this ball has a good bounce).\c\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i \Ba\b swagger, self-confidence \3(has a lot of bounce).\c \Bb\b liveliness.\Ksense ejection or dismissal omitted Nov 93\k\p\Bbounce back\b regain one's good health, spirits, prosperity, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English \Ibunsen\i 'beat, thump' (perhaps imitative), or from Low German \Ibunsen,\i Dutch \Ibons\i 'thump'\c
<hw>bouncer</hw> \K/"baUns\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Icolloq.\i a person employed to eject troublemakers from a dance hall, club, etc.\p\B2\b \ICricket\i a ball bowled fast and short so as to rise high after pitching.
<hw>bouncing</hw> \K/"baUnsIN/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b (esp. of a baby) big and healthy.\p\B2\b boisterous.
<hw>bouncy</hw> \K/"baUnsi/\k \Iadj.\i \B(bouncier,\b \Bbounciest)\b\p\B1\b (of a ball etc.) that bounces well.\p\B2\b cheerful and lively.\p\B3\b resilient, springy \3(a bouncy sofa).\c \Bbouncily\b \Iadv.\i \Bbounciness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>bound (1)</hw> \K/baUnd/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.intr.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b spring, leap \3(bounded out of bed).\c \Bb\b walk or run with leaping strides.\p\B2\b (of a ball etc.) recoil from a wall or the ground; bounce.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a springy movement upwards or outwards; a leap.\p\B2\b a bounce.\p\1by leaps and bounds\c \Isee\i \J\Xleap\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ibond,\i \Ibondir\i (originally 'resound', later 'rebound'), via Late Latin \Ibombitare\i from Latin \Ibombus\i 'hum'\c
<hw>bound (2)</hw> \K/baUnd/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i\p\B1\b a limitation; a restriction \3(beyond the bounds of possibility).\c\p\B2\b a border of a territory; a boundary. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \I(esp. in \Bpassive;\b\i \Ifoll. by \Bby)\b\i set bounds to; limit \3(views bounded by prejudice).\c\p\B2\b be the boundary of.\p\1out of bounds\c\p\B1\b outside the part of a school etc. in which one is allowed to be.\p\B2\b beyond what is acceptable; forbidden. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Anglo-French \Ibounde,\i Old French \Ibodne,\i \Ibonde,\i etc., from medieval Latin \Ibodina,\i earlier \Ibutina,\i of unknown origin\c
<hw>bound (3)</hw> \K/baUnd/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bfor)\b\i ready to start or having started \3(bound for stardom).\c\p\B2\b \I(in \Bcomb.)\b\i moving in a specified direction \3(northbound;\c \2outward bound).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old Norse \Ib·inn,\i past part. of \Ib·a\i 'get ready': \I-d\i euphonic, or influenced by \J\Xbind\x\j\c
<hw>bound (4)</hw> \K/baUnd/\k \I\Ipast\i and \Ipast part.\i of\i \J\Xbind\x.\j\p\1bound to\c certain to \3(he's bound to come).\c
<hw>boundary</hw> \K/"baUnd(\F'\n)ri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b a line marking the limits of an area, territory, etc. \3(the fence is the boundary;\c \2boundary between liberty and licence).\c\p\B2\b \ICricket\i a hit crossing the limits of the field, scoring 4 or 6 runs. \BEtymology:\b \3dialect \Ibounder\i from \J\Xbound\x (2)\j + \J\X-er\x (1),\j perhaps on the pattern of \Ilimitary\i\c
<hw>boundary layer</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i a layer of more or less stationary fluid (e.g. water or air) immediately surrounding an immersed moving object.
<hw>boundary rider</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BAustral.\b & \BNZ\b a person employed to ride round the fences etc. of a cattle or sheep station and keep them in good order.
<hw>boundary umpire</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ISport\i (in Australian Rules) an umpire on the sidelines who signals when the ball is out.
<hw>bounden</hw> \K/"baUnd(\F'\n)n/\k \Iadj.\i \Iarchaic\i obligatory. \BEtymology:\b \3archaic past part. of \J\Xbind\x\j\c
<hw>bounteous</hw> \K/"baUntI\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i \Ipoet.\i\p\B1\b generous, liberal.\p\B2\b freely given \3(bounteous affection).\c \Bbounteously\b \Iadv.\i \Bbounteousness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ibontif,\i from \IbontΘ\i \J\Xbounty\x,\j on the pattern of \Iplenteous\i\c
<hw>bounty</hw> \K/"baUnti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b liberality; generosity.\p\B2\b a gift or reward, made usu. by the State, esp.: \Ba\b a sum paid for a valiant act. \Bb\b \ICommerce\i a sum paid to encourage a trading enterprise etc. \Bc\b \INaut Mil\i a sum paid to army or navy recruits on enlistment. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \IbontΘ\i from Latin \Ibonitas -tatis\i from \Ibonus\i 'good'\c
<hw>bounty hunter</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i a person who pursues a criminal or seeks an achievement for the sake of the reward.
<hw>bouquet</hw> \K/bU"keI/, /b\F'\nU"keI/, /"bUkeI/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a bunch of flowers, esp. for carrying at a wedding or other ceremony.\p\B2\b the scent of wine etc.\p\B3\b a favourable comment; a compliment. \BEtymology:\b \3French (earlier = clump of trees) from dialect variant of Old French \Ibos,\i \Ibois\i 'wood'\c
<hw>bouquet garni</hw> \K/"gA:ni/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bbouquets garnis\b \K/bu:keIz "gA:ni/\k) \ICookery\i a bunch of herbs used for flavouring stews etc. \BEtymology:\b \3French, literally 'garnished bouquet'\c
<hw>Bourbon</hw> \K/"bU\F'\nb\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\BUS\b \IPolit\i\p\B1\b a reactionary.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b a chocolate-flavoured biscuit with a chocolate-cream filling. \BEtymology:\b \3the Bourbon family, whose descendants founded dynasties in France and Spain\c
<hw>bourbon</hw> \K/"b\F'\n:b\F'\nn/, /"bU\F'\n-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IDrink\i an American whiskey distilled from maize and rye. \BEtymology:\b \3\IBourbon\i County, Kentucky, where first made\c
<hw>bourdon</hw> \K/"bU\F'\nd(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMus.\i\p\B1\b a low-pitched stop in an organ or harmonium.\p\B2\b the lowest bell in a peal of bells.\p\B3\b the drone pipe of a bagpipe. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = bagpipe-drone, from Romanic: imitative\c
<hw>bourgeois</hw> \K/"bU\F'\nZwA:/\k \Iadj. & n.\i often \Iderog.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b conventionally middle-class. \Bb\b humdrum, unimaginative. \Bc\b selfishly materialistic.\p\B2\b \IPolit\i upholding the interests of the capitalist class; non-communist.\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i same) a bourgeois person. \BEtymology:\b \3French, earlier \Iburgeis:\i see \J\Xburgess\x\j\c
<hw>bourgeoisie</hw> \K/bU\F'\nZwA:"zi:/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPolit\i the capitalist class.\p\B2\b the middle class. \BEtymology:\b \3French\c
<hw>bourn (1)</hw> \K/bO:n/, /bU\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeog\i a small stream. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English: S. English variant of \J\Xburn\x (2)\j\c
<hw>bourn (2)</hw> \K/bO:n/, /bU\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bbourne)\b \Iarchaic\i\p\B1\b a goal; a destination.\p\B2\b a limit. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iborne\i from Old French \Ibodne\i \J\Xbound\x (2)\j\c
<hw>bourrΘe</hw> \K/"bU\F'\nreI/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IDancing\i a lively French dance like a gavotte.\p\B2\b \IMus\i the music for this dance. \BEtymology:\b \3French\c
<hw>bourse</hw> \K/bU\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\IEcon Stock Exch\i\p\B1\b \B(Bourse)\b the Paris equivalent of the Stock Exchange.\p\B2\b a money market. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = purse, from medieval Latin \Ibursa:\i see \J\Xpurse\x\j\c
<hw>boustrophedon</hw> \K/baUstr\F'\n"fi:d(\F'\n)n/, /bu:-/\k \Iadj. & adv.\i \ILinguistics\i (of written words) from right to left and from left to right in alternate lines. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \I(adv.)\i = as an ox turns in ploughing from \Ibous\i 'ox' + \I-strophos\i 'turning'\c
<hw>bout</hw> \K/baUt/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(often foll. by \Bof)\b\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a limited period (of intensive work or exercise). \Bb\b \IDrink\i a drinking session. \Bc\b \IMed\i a period (of illness) \3(a bout of flu).\c\p\B2\b \Ba\b \IWrestling Boxing\i a wrestling or boxing match. \Bb\b a trial of strength. \BEtymology:\b \316th c.: apparently the same as obsolete \Ibought\i 'bending'; hence a 'turn' of work etc.\c
<hw>boutique</hw> \K/bu:"ti:k/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFashion\i a small shop or department of a store, selling (esp. fashionable) clothes or accessories. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = small shop, from Latin \Iapotheca\i (as \J\Xbodega\x)\j\c
<hw>boutonniΦre</hw> \K/bu:tQn"jE:/\k\p\In.\i\pa spray of flowers worn in a buttonhole. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = buttonhole\c
<hw>bouzouki</hw> \K/bU"zu:ki/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMus\i a Greek form of mandolin. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Greek\c
<hw>bovate</hw> \K/"b\F'\nUveIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMeasure\i \Ihist.\i a measure of land, as much as one ox could plough in a year, varying from 10 to 18 acres. \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Ibovata\i from Latin \Ibos bovis\i 'ox'\c
<hw>bovine</hw> \K/"b\F'\nUvVIn/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of or relating to cattle.\p\B2\b stupid, dull. \Bbovinely\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Ibovinus\i from Latin \Ibos bovis\i 'ox'\c
<hw>Bovril</hw> \K/"bQvrIl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IDrink\i \Ipropr.\i a concentrated essence of beef diluted with hot water to make a drink. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ibos bovis\i 'ox, cow'\c
<hw>bovver</hw> \K/"bQv\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \Islang\i deliberate trouble-making. \BEtymology:\b \3cockney pronunciation of \J\Xbother\x\j\c
<hw>bovver boot</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IFashion\i \Islang\i a heavy laced boot worn typically by skinheads.
<hw>bovver boy</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ISociol\i \Islang\i a violent hooligan.
<hw>bow (1)</hw> \K/b\F'\nU/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a slip-knot with a double loop. \Bb\b a ribbon, shoelace, etc., tied with this. \Bc\b a decoration (on clothing, or painted etc.) in the form of a bow.\p\B2\b \IArchery\i a device for shooting arrows with a taut string joining the ends of a curved piece of wood etc.\p\B3\b \IMus\i \Ba\b a rod with horsehair stretched along its length, used for playing the violin, cello, etc. \Bb\b a single stroke of a bow over strings.\p\B4\b \Ba\b a shallow curve or bend. \Bb\b \IMeteorol\i a rainbow.\p\B5\b \IRiding\i = \J\Xsaddle bow\x.\j\p\B6\b a metal ring forming the handle of scissors, a key, etc.\p\B7\b \BUS\b the side piece of a spectacle frame.\p\B8\b \IArchery\i = \J\Xbowman\x (1).\j \Iv.tr.\i \I(also \Babsol.)\b\i use a bow on (a violin etc.) \3(he bowed vigorously).\c\p\1have two (or many) strings to one's bow\c \BBrit.\b have (many) more than one resource. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iboga\i 'bow, arch', from Germanic: related to \J\Xbow\x (2)\j\c
<hw>bow (2)</hw> \K/baU/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i incline the head or trunk, esp. in greeting or assent or acknowledgement of applause.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i submit \3(bowed to the inevitable).\c\p\B3\b \Itr.\i cause to incline or submit \3(bowed his head;\c \2bowed his will to hers).\c\p\B4\b \Itr.\i express (thanks, assent, etc.) by bowing \3(bowed agreement to the plan).\c\p\B5\b \Itr.\i \I(foll. by \Bin,\b \Bout)\b\i usher or escort obsequiously \3(bowed us out of the restaurant).\c\p\In.\i\pan inclining of the head or body in greeting, assent, or in the acknowledgement of applause etc.\p\Bbow down\b\p\B1\b bend or kneel in submission or reverence \3(bowed down before the king).\c\p\B2\b \I(usu. in \Bpassive)\b\i make stoop; crush \3(was bowed down by care).\c\p\Bbow out\b\p\B1\b make one's exit (esp. formally).\p\B2\b retreat, withdraw; retire gracefully.\p\1make one's bow\c make a formal exit or entrance.\p\1take a bow\c acknowledge applause. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibugan,\i from Germanic: related to \J\Xbow\x (1)\j\c
<hw>bow (3)</hw> \K/baU/\k\p\In.\i\p\INaut.\i\p\B1\b \I(often in \Bpl.)\b\i the fore-end of a boat or a ship.\p\B2\b = \J\Xbowman\x (2).\j\p\1on the bow\c within 45░ of the point directly ahead.\p\1shot across the bows\c a warning. \BEtymology:\b \3Low German \Iboog,\i Dutch \Iboeg,\i 'ship's bow', originally 'shoulder': related to \J\Xbough\x\j\c
<hw>bow and scrape</hw> \Iv.intr.\i be obsequious; fawn.
<hw>bow-compass</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bbow-compasses\b \Ipl.)\i \IGeom\i compasses with jointed legs.
<hw>bowdlerize</hw> \K/"baUdl\F'\nrVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b \ILiterature etc.\i expurgate (a book etc.). \Bbowdlerism\b\p\In.\i\p\Bbowdlerization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3T. \IBowdler\i (d. 1825), expurgator of Shakespeare\c
<hw>bowel</hw> \K/"baU\F'\nl/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \I(often in \Bpl.)\b\i \IAnat\i the part of the alimentary canal below the stomach; the intestine.\p\B2\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i the depths; the innermost parts \3(the bowels of the earth).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ibuel\i from Latin \Ibotellus\i 'little sausage'\c
<hw>bowel movement</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAnat\i\p\B1\b discharge from the bowels; defecation.\p\B2\b the faeces discharged from the body.
<hw>bower (1)</hw> \K/"baU\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a secluded place, esp. in a garden, enclosed by foliage; an arbour. \Bb\b a summer house.\p\B2\b \Ipoet.\i an inner room; a boudoir. \Iv.tr.\i \Ipoet.\i embower.\Kbowery omitted Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibur,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>bower (2)</hw> \K/"baU\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p(in full \Bbower-anchor)\b \INaut.\i either of two anchors \B(the best\b (starboard) or \Bsmall\b (port) \Bbower)\b carried at a ship's bow. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbow\x (3)\j + \J\X-er\x (1)\j\c
<hw>bower (3)</hw> \K/"baU\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICards\i either of two cards, the jack of trumps \B(the right bower)\b and the other jack of this colour \B(the left bower)\b at euchre and similar games. \BEtymology:\b \3German \IBauer\i 'peasant, jack at cards', related to Dutch \Iboer:\i see \J\Xboor\x\j\c
<hw>bowerbird</hw> \K/"baU\F'\nb\F'\n:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i\p\B1\b any of various birds of the family Ptilonorhynchidae, native to Australia and New Guinea, the males of which construct elaborate bowers of feathers, grasses, shells, etc. during courtship.\p\B2\b \BAustral.\b \Islang\i a person who collects trivia or odds and ends.
<hw>bower-cable</hw>\p\In.\i\p\INaut\i the cable attached to a bower-anchor (see \J\Xbower\x (2)).\j
<hw>bowery</hw> \K/"baU\F'\nri/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \BBowery)\b \I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \BUS\b a district known as a resort of drunks and down-and-outs. \BEtymology:\b \3originally \Ithe Bowery,\i a street in New York City, from Dutch \Ibouwerij\i 'farm'\c
<hw>bowfin</hw> \K/"b\F'\nUfIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a voracious American freshwater fish, Amia calva. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbow\x (1)\j + \J\Xfin\x\j\c
<hw>bowie</hw> \K/"b\F'\nUi/\k\p\In.\i\p(in full \Bbowie knife)\b a long knife with a blade double-edged at the point, used as a weapon by American pioneers. \BEtymology:\b \3J. \IBowie,\i American soldier (d. 1836) who popularized it\c
<hw>bowl (1)</hw> \K/b\F'\nUl/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a usu. round deep basin used for food or liquid. \Bb\b the quantity (of soup etc.) a bowl holds. \Bc\b the contents of a bowl.\p\B2\b \Ba\b any deep-sided container shaped like a bowl \3(lavatory bowl).\c \Bb\b the bowl-shaped part of a tobacco pipe, spoon, balance, etc.\p\B3\b \IGeog.\i a natural basin.\p\B4\b \Ba\b \Besp. US\b an amphitheatre or stadium, esp. in names \3(Hollywood Bowl).\c \Bb\b (in full \Bbowl game)\b \BN. Amer.\b an American football game played after the main season between leading college, professional, etc. teams.\Ksense 4a split from sense 3; 4b new f. Kpb., NSOED, Inc., Sept 94\k \Bbowlful\b\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-fuls).\b \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibolle,\i \Ibolla,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>bowl (2)</hw> \K/b\F'\nUl/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\ISport Bowls\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a wooden or hard rubber ball, slightly asymmetrical so that it runs on a curved course, used in the game of bowls. \Bb\b a wooden ball or disc used in playing skittles. \Bc\b a large ball with indents for gripping, used in tenpin bowling.\p\B2\b \I(in \Bpl.;\b\i \Iusu. treated as \Bsing.)\b\i \Ba\b a game played with bowls on grass \I(see\i sense 1a). \Bb\b \BBrit.\b tenpin bowling. \Bc\b \BBrit.\b skittles.\p\B3\b \ICricket\i a spell or turn of bowling in cricket.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \Itr.\i roll (a ball, a hoop, etc.) along the ground. \Bb\b \Iintr.\i play bowls or skittles.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \I(also \Babsol.)\b\i \ICricket etc.\i \Ba\b deliver (a ball, an over, etc.) \3(bowled six overs;\c \2bowled well).\c \Bb\b \I(often foll. by \Bout,\b \Bfor)\b\i dismiss (a batsman or a side) by knocking down the wicket with a ball \3(bowled him out;\c \2bowled for six).\c \Bc\b \I(often foll. by \Bdown)\b\i knock (a wicket) over.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Balong)\b\i go along rapidly by revolving, esp. on wheels \3(the cart bowled along the road).\c\p\Bbowl out\b \ICricket etc.\i dismiss (a batsman or a side).\p\Bbowl over\b\p\B1\b knock down.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i \Ba\b impress greatly. \Bb\b overwhelm \3(bowled over by her energy).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English & French \Iboule\i from Latin \Ibulla\i 'bubble'\c
<hw>bow-legs</hw> \In.pl.\i \IAnat\i bandy legs. \Bbow-legged\b \Iadj.\i\Kbow-legged subsumed as POD8 Aug 92 aaw\k
<hw>bowler (1)</hw> \K/"b\F'\nUl\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ICricket etc.\i a member of the fielding side who bowls or is bowling.\p\B2\b \IGames Bowls\i a player at bowls.
<hw>bowler (2)</hw> \K/"b\F'\nUl\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p(in full \Bbowler hat)\b \IClothing\i a man's hard felt hat with a round dome-shaped crown. \BEtymology:\b \3\IBowler,\i a hatter, who designed it in 1850\c
<hw>bowler-hat</hw> \Iv.tr.\i \B(-hatted,\b \B-hatting)\b \BBrit.\b \Islang\i retire (a person) from the army etc. \3(he's been bowler-hatted).\c
<hw>bowline</hw> \K/"b\F'\nUlIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\INaut.\i\p\B1\b a rope attaching the weather side of a square sail to the bow.\p\B2\b a simple knot for forming a non-slipping loop at the end of a rope. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Middle Low German \Iboline\i (as \J\Xbow\x (3),\j \J\Xline\x (1))\j\c
<hw>bowling</hw> \K/"b\F'\nUlIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISport\i\p\B1\b \IBowls\i the game of bowls as a sport or recreation.\p\B2\b \ICricket\i the delivery of the ball \I(also \Battrib.:\b\i \2bowling technique).\c\Ksense 2 new f. OERD May 94\k
<hw>bowling alley</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBowls\i\p\B1\b a long enclosure for skittles or tenpin bowling.\p\B2\b a building containing these.
<hw>bowling average</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICricket\i a bowler's conceded runs per wicket taken.
<hw>bowling crease</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICricket\i the line from behind which a bowler delivers the ball.
<hw>bowling green</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBowls\i a smooth green used for playing bowls.
<hw>bowman (1)</hw> \K/"b\F'\nUm\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-men)\b \ISport Archery\i an archer.
<hw>bowman (2)</hw> \K/"baUm\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-men)\b \ISport Rowing\i the rower nearest the bow of esp. a racing boat.
<hw>bowsaw</hw> \K/"b\F'\nUsO:/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICarpentry\i a narrow saw stretched like a bowstring on a light frame.
<hw>bowser</hw> \K/"baUz\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b \IAeron. etc.\i a tanker used for fuelling aircraft etc., or for supplying water.\p\B2\b \Ipropr.\i a petrol pump. \BEtymology:\b \3trade name\c
<hw>bowshot</hw> \K/"b\F'\nUSQt/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISport Archery\i the distance to which a bow can send an arrow.
<hw>bowsprit</hw> \K/"b\F'\nUsprIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\INaut.\i a spar running out from a ship's bow to which the forestays are fastened. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Germanic (as \J\Xbow\x (3),\j \J\Xsprit\x)\j\c
<hw>Bow Street runner</hw> \K/"b\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \BBow Street officer)\b \ICriminol\i \Ihist.\i a London policeman. \BEtymology:\b \3\IBow Street\i in London, containing the chief metropolitan police court\c
<hw>bowstring</hw> \K/"b\F'\nUstrIN/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\ISport Archery\i the string of an archer's bow. \Iv.tr.\i strangle with a bowstring (a former Turkish method of execution).
<hw>bow tie</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IClothing\i a necktie in the form of a bow (see \J\Xbow\x (1)\p\In.\i\p1a).\j
<hw>bow wave</hw>\p\In.\i\p\INaut.\i \IAeron\i a wave set up at the bows of a moving ship or in front of a body moving through a fluid.
<hw>bow window</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IArchit\i a curved bay window.
<hw>bow-wow</hw> \Iint. & n.\i \Iint.\i \K/baU"waU/\k an imitation of a dog's bark.\p\In.\i\p\K/"baUwaU/\k\p\B1\b \IZool\i \Icolloq.\i a dog.\p\B2\b a dog's bark. \BEtymology:\b \3imitative\c
<hw>bowyang</hw> \K/"b\F'\nUjaN/\k\p\In.\i\p\BAustral.\b & \BNZ\b \IClothing\i either of a pair of bands or straps worn round the trouser legs below the knee. \BEtymology:\b \3origin unknown\c
<hw>bowyer</hw> \K/"b\F'\nUj\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IArchery\i a maker or seller of archers' bows.
<hw>box (1)</hw> \K/bQks/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a container, usu. with flat sides and of firm material such as wood or card, esp. for holding solids.\p\B2\b \Ba\b the amount that will fill a box. \Bb\b \BBrit.\b = \J\XChristmas box\x.\j\p\B3\b a separate compartment for any of various purposes, e.g. for a small group in a theatre, for witnesses in a law court, for horses in a stable or vehicle.\p\B4\b an enclosure or receptacle for a special purpose \I(often in \Bcomb.:\b\i \2money box;\c \2telephone box).\c\p\B5\b \IJournalism\i a facility at a newspaper office for receiving replies to an advertisement.\p\B6\b \I(prec. by \Bthe)\b\i \ITelev\i \Icolloq.\i television; one's television set \3(what's on the box?).\c\p\B7\b an enclosed area or space.\p\B8\b \IPrinting\i a space or area of print on a page, enclosed by a border.\p\B9\b \BBrit.\b \IHunting Sport\i a small country house for use when shooting or fishing, or for other sporting activity.\p\B10\b \IMech\i a protective casing for a piece of mechanism.\p\B11\b \BBrit.\b \ICricket etc.\i a light shield for protecting the genitals in sport, esp. in cricket.\p\B12\b \I(prec. by \Bthe)\b\i \IFootball\i \Icolloq.\i the penalty area.\p\B13\b \IBaseball\i the area occupied by the batter or the pitcher.\p\B14\b a coachman's seat. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b put in or provide with a box.\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bin,\b \Bup)\b\i confine; restrain from movement.\p\B3\b \I(foll. by \Bup)\b\i \BAustral.\b & \BNZ\b \IAgriculture\i mix up (different flocks of sheep).\p\1box the compass\c \INaut.\i recite the points of the compass in the correct order. \Bboxful\b\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-fuls).\b \Bboxlike\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English via Late Latin \Ibuxis\i from Latin \J\Xpyxis\x:\j ultimately from Greek \Ipuxos\i \J\Xbox\x (3)\j\c
<hw>box (2)</hw> \K/bQks/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \IBoxing\i \Ba\b \Itr.\i fight (an opponent) at boxing. \Bb\b \Iintr.\i practise boxing.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i slap (esp. a person's ears).\p\In.\i\pa slap with the hand, esp. on the ears.\p\1box clever\c \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i act in a clever or effective way. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English: origin unknown\c
<hw>box (3)</hw> \K/bQks/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b (also \Bbox tree)\b \IBot\i an evergreen shrub or small tree of the genus \IBuxus,\i esp. B. sempervirens, a slow-growing tree with glossy dark green leaves which is often used in hedging.\p\B2\b \IBot\i any of various trees in Australasia which have similar wood or foliage, esp. those of several species of \IEucalyptus.\i\p\B3\b = \J\Xboxwood\x 1.\j \BEtymology:\b \3Old English from Latin \Ibuxus,\i Greek \Ipuxos\i\c
<hw>Box and Cox</hw> \K/bQks (\F'\n)nd "kQks/\k \In. & v.\i \BBrit.\b\p\In.\i\p\I(often \Battrib.)\b\i two persons sharing accommodation etc., and using it at different times. \Iv.intr.\i share accommodation, duties, etc. by a strictly timed arrangement. \BEtymology:\b \3the names of characters in a play (1847) by J. M. Morton\c
<hw>box camera</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhotog\i a simple box-shaped hand camera.
<hw>boxcar</hw> \K/"bQkskA:/\k\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b \IRailways\i an enclosed railway goods wagon, usu. with sliding doors on the sides.
<hw>box elder</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i the American ash-leaved maple, Acer negundo.
<hw>Boxer</hw> \K/"bQks\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i \Ihist.\i a member of a fiercely nationalistic Chinese secret society that flourished in the 19th c. \BEtymology:\b \3translation of Chinese \Iy∞ hΘ qußn,\i literally 'righteous harmony fists'\c
<hw>boxer</hw> \K/"bQks\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBoxing\i a person who practises boxing, esp. for sport.\p\B2\b \IZool\i \Ba\b a medium-sized dog of a breed with a smooth brown coat and puglike face. \Bb\b this breed.
<hw>boxer shorts</hw> \In.pl.\i \IClothing\i men's underpants similar to shorts.
<hw>box girder</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IEngin Building\i a hollow girder square in cross-section.
<hw>boxing</hw> \K/"bQksIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISport Boxing\i the practice of fighting with the fists, esp. in padded gloves as a sport.
<hw>Boxing Day</hw> \K/"bQksIN/\k\p\In.\i\pthe first day (strictly, the first weekday) after Christmas. \BEtymology:\b \3from the custom of giving tradesmen a Christmas box on this day\c
<hw>boxing glove</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBoxing\i each of a pair of heavily padded gloves used in boxing.
<hw>boxing weight</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBoxing\i each of a series of fixed weight ranges at which boxers are matched.
<hw>box junction</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b a road area at a junction marked with a yellow grid, which a vehicle should enter only if its exit from it is clear.
<hw>box kite</hw>\p\In.\i\pa kite in the form of a long box open at each end.
<hw>box number</hw>\p\In.\i\pa number by which replies are made to a private advertisement in a newspaper.
<hw>box office</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ITheatr\i\p\B1\b an office for booking seats and buying tickets at a theatre, cinema, etc.\p\B2\b the commercial aspect of the arts and entertainment \I(often \Battrib.:\b\i \2a box-office failure).\c
<hw>box pleat</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IFashion\i a pleat consisting of two parallel creases forming a raised band.
<hw>boxroom</hw> \K/"bQksru:m/, /-rUm/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b a small room or large cupboard esp. for storing boxes, cases, etc.
<hw>box spanner</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IBuilding Carpentry\i a spanner with a box-shaped end fitting over the head of a nut.
<hw>box spring</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IFurniture\i each of a set of vertical springs housed in a frame, e.g. in a mattress.
<hw>boxwood</hw> \K/"bQkswUd/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b \IForestry\i the wood of the box tree, used esp. by engravers for the fineness of its grain and for its hardness.\p\B2\b \I=\i \J\Xbox\x (3) 1.\j
<hw>boxy</hw> \K/"bQksi/\k \Iadj.\i \B(boxier,\b \Bboxiest)\b\p\B1\b resembling a box; (of a room or space) very cramped.\p\B2\b \IMus\i (of recorded sound) restricted in tone.\Ksense 2 new f. OERD. NSOED, May 94\k
<hw>boy</hw> \K/bOI/\k \In. & int.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a male child or youth.\p\B2\b a young man, esp. regarded as not yet mature.\p\B3\b a male servant, attendant, etc.\p\B4\b \B(the boys)\b \Icolloq.\i a group of men mixing socially. \Iint.\i (also \Boh boy)\b expressing pleasure, surprise, etc. \Bboyhood\b\p\In.\i\p\Bboyish\b \Iadj.\i \Bboyishly\b \Iadv.\i \Bboyishness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English = servant, perhaps ultimately from Latin \Iboia\i 'fetter'\c
<hw>boyar</hw> \K/b\F'\nU"jA:/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISociol\i \Ihist.\i a member of the old aristocracy in Russia. \BEtymology:\b \3Russian \Iboyarin\i 'grandee'\c
<hw>boycott</hw> \K/"bOIkQt/\k \Iv. & n.\i \IPolit\i \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b combine in refusing social or commercial relations with (a person, group, country, etc.) usu. as punishment or coercion.\p\B2\b refuse to handle (goods) to this end.\p\In.\i\psuch a refusal. \BEtymology:\b \3Capt. C. C. \IBoycott,\i Irish land agent d. 1897, so treated from 1880\c
<hw>boyfriend</hw> \K/"bOIfrEnd/\k\p\In.\i\pa person's regular male companion or lover.
<hw>Boyle's law</hw> \K/"bOIlz/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i the law that the pressure of a given mass of gas is inversely proportional to its volume at a constant temperature. \BEtymology:\b \3Robert \IBoyle,\i Irish scientist d. 1691\c
<hw>boyo</hw> \K/"bOI\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b \BWelsh\b & \BIr.\b \Icolloq.\i boy, fellow (esp. as a form of address).
<hw>boysenberry</hw> \K/"bOIz(\F'\n)nbEri/, /-s-/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \IBot\i a hybrid of several species of bramble.\p\B2\b the large red edible fruit of this plant. \BEtymology:\b \3R. \IBoysen\i (d. 1950), American horticulturalist who developed it\c
<hw>boys in blue</hw> \In.pl.\i \I(often prec. by \Bthe)\b\i policemen; the police.
<hw>bozo</hw> \K/"b\F'\nUz\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b \Besp. N. Amer.\b \Islang\i a stupid or insignificant person.\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED Mar 94\k \BEtymology:\b \320th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>BP</hw> \Iabbr.\i\p\B1\b \IChem\i boiling point.\p\B2\b \IMed\i blood pressure.\p\B3\b before the present (era).\p\B4\b \IMineral\i British Petroleum.\p\B5\b \IPharm\i British Pharmacopoeia.
<hw>Bp.</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IEccl\i Bishop.
<hw>BPC</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IPharm\i British Pharmaceutical Codex.
<hw>B.Phil.</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IEducation\i Bachelor of Philosophy.
<hw>bpi</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IComputing\i bits per inch.\Knew in COD9 f. News, NSOED Aug 93\k
<hw>B-picture</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICinematog\i = \J\Xb-movie\x.\j\Knew f. corpus Sept 94\k
<hw>bps</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IComputing\i bits per second.\Knew in COD9 f. News, NSOED, corpus Mar 94\k
<hw>Bq</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IPhysics\i becquerel.
<hw>BR</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IRailways\i British Rail.
<hw>Br</hw> \Isymb.\i \IChem.\i the element bromine.
<hw>bra</hw> \K/brA:/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bbras)\b \IClothing\i an undergarment worn by women to support the breasts. \Bbraless\b \Iadj.\i\K-less new in COD9 f. NSOED, News Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation of \J\Xbrassiere\x\j\c
<hw>brace</hw> \K/breIs/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a device that clamps or fastens tightly. \Bb\b a strengthening piece of iron or timber in building.\p\B2\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \BBrit.\b \IClothing\i straps supporting trousers from the shoulders.\p\B3\b \IDentistry\i a wire device for straightening the teeth.\p\B4\b \I(pl.\i same) \IHunting\i a pair (esp. of game).\p\B5\b \INaut\i a rope attached to the yard of a ship for trimming the sail.\p\B6\b \Ba\b \IPrinting\i a connecting mark { or } used in printing. \Bb\b \IMus.\i a similar mark connecting staves to be performed at the same time. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b fasten tightly, give firmness to.\p\B2\b make steady by supporting.\p\B3\b (esp. as \Bbracing\b \Iadj.)\i invigorate, refresh.\p\B4\b \I(often \Brefl.)\b\i prepare for a difficulty, shock, etc. \Bbracingly\b \Iadv.\i \Bbracingness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ibrace\i 'two arms', \Ibracier\i 'embrace', from Latin \Ibra(c)chia\i 'arms'\c
<hw>brace and bit</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBuilding Carpentry\i a revolving tool with a D-shaped central handle for boring.
<hw>bracelet</hw> \K/"breIslIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IJewellery\i an ornamental band, hoop, or chain worn on the wrist or arm.\p\B2\b \ICriminol\i \Islang\i a handcuff. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French, diminutive of \Ibracel,\i from Latin \Ibracchiale\i from \Ibra(c)chium\i 'arm'\c
<hw>bracer</hw> \K/"breIs\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IDrink\i \Icolloq.\i a tonic, esp. an alcoholic drink.
<hw>brachial</hw> \K/"breIkI\F'\nl/\k \Iadj.\i \IAnat\i\p\B1\b of or relating to the arm \3(brachial artery).\c\p\B2\b like an arm. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ibrachialis\i from \Ibra(c)chium\i 'arm'\c
<hw>brachiate</hw> \Iv. & adj.\i \Iv.intr.\i \K/"brakIeIt/\k\IZool\i (of certain apes and monkeys) move by using the arms to swing from branch to branch. \Iadj.\i \K/"brakI\F'\nt/, /"breIk-/\k \IBiol.\i\p\B1\b having arms.\p\B2\b having paired branches on alternate sides. \Bbrachiation\b \K/-"eIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bbrachiator\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ibra(c)chium\i 'arm'\c
<hw>brachiopod</hw> \K/"brakI\F'\npQd/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a marine invertebrate of the phylum Brachiopoda, having a ciliated feeding arm and a two-valved shell, often found fossilized. \IAlso called \Ilamp shell\i.\i \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from Greek \Ibrakhion\i 'arm' + \Ipous podos\i 'foot'\c
<hw>brachiosaurus</hw> \K/brakI\F'\n"sO:r\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i any huge plant-eating dinosaur of the genus \IBrachiosaurus\i with forelegs longer than its hind legs. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from Greek \Ibrakhion\i 'arm' + \Isauros\i 'lizard'\c
<hw>brachistochrone</hw> \K/br\F'\n"kIst\F'\nkr\F'\nUn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMath\i a curve between two points along which a body can move in a shorter time than for any other curve. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ibrakhistos\i 'shortest' + \Ikhronos\i 'time'\c
<hw>brachycephalic</hw> \K/%brakIsI"falIk/, /-kE"falIk/\k \Iadj.\i \IAnthropol.\i having a broad short head. \Bbrachycephalous\b \K/brakI"sEf\F'\nl\F'\ns/, /-kEf-/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbrachy-\x\j + Greek \Ikephale\i 'head'\c
<hw>brachylogy</hw> \K/br\F'\n"kIl\F'\ndZi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b over-conciseness of expression.\p\B2\b an instance of this.
<hw>brack</hw> \K/brak/\k\p\In.\i\p\BIr.\b \IFood\i cake or bread containing dried fruit etc. \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation of \J\Xbarmbrack\x\j\c
<hw>bracken</hw> \K/"brak(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b any large coarse fern, esp. Pteridium aquilinum, abundant on heaths and moorlands, and in woods; \Ialso called\i \Ibrake.\i\p\B2\b a mass of such ferns. \BEtymology:\b \3northern Middle English from Old Norse\c
<hw>bracket</hw> \K/"brakIt/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a right-angled or other support attached to and projecting from a vertical surface.\p\B2\b a shelf fixed with such a support to a wall.\p\B3\b \IPrinting\i each of a pair of marks ( ) [ ] { } < > used to enclose words or figures.\p\B4\b a group classified as containing similar elements or falling between given limits \3(income bracket).\c\p\B5\b \IMil.\i the distance between two artillery shots fired either side of the target to establish range. \Iv.tr.\i \B(bracketed,\b \Bbracketing)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b couple (names etc.) with a bracket. \Bb\b imply a connection or equality between.\p\B2\b \Ba\b enclose in brackets as parenthetic or spurious. \Bb\b \IMath.\i enclose in brackets as having specific relations to what precedes or follows.\p\B3\b \IMil.\i establish the range of (a target) by firing two preliminary shots one short of and the other beyond it. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ibraguette\i or Spanish \Ibragueta\i 'codpiece, bracket, corbel', diminutive of French \Ibrague\i 'mortice', pl. 'breeches' via Provenτal \Ibraga\i from Latin \Ibraca,\i pl. \Ibracae\i 'breeches'\c
<hw>bracket fungus</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a fungus forming shelf-like projections on tree trunks etc.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k
<hw>brackish</hw> \K/"brakIS/\k \Iadj.\i (of water etc.) slightly salty. \Bbrackishness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3obsolete \Ibrack\i (adj.) from Middle Low German, Middle Dutch \Ibrac\i\c
<hw>bract</hw> \K/brakt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot.\i \IAnat\i a modified and often brightly coloured leaf, with a flower or an inflorescence in its axil. \Bbracteal\b \Iadj.\i \Bbracteate\b \K/-tI\F'\nt/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ibractea\i 'thin plate, gold leaf'\c
<hw>brad</hw> \K/brad/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICarpentry\i a thin, flat, small-headed nail. \BEtymology:\b \3variant of Middle English \Ibrod\i 'goad, pointed instrument', from Old Norse \Ibroddr\i 'spike'\c
<hw>bradawl</hw> \K/"bradO:l/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICarpentry\i a small tool with a pointed end for boring holes by hand. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbrad\x\j + \J\Xawl\x\j\c
<hw>brae</hw> \K/breI/\k\p\In.\i\p\BSc.\b \IGeog\i a steep bank or hillside. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old Norse \Ibrß\i 'eyelash': related to German \IBraue\i 'eyebrow': cf. \J\Xbrow\x\j\c
<hw>brag</hw> \K/brag/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B(bragged,\b \Bbragging)\b\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i talk boastfully.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i boast about.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ICards\i a card game like poker.\p\B2\b a boastful statement; boastful talk. \Bbragger\b\p\In.\i\p\Bbraggingly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, originally adj., = spirited, boastful: origin unknown\c
<hw>braggadocio</hw> \K/brag\F'\n"d\F'\nUtSI\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\pempty boasting; a boastful manner of speech and behaviour. \BEtymology:\b \3\IBraggadochio,\i a braggart in Spenser's \IFaerie Queene,\i from \J\Xbrag\x\j or \J\Xbraggart\x\j + Italian augmentative suffix -\Ioccio\i\c
<hw>braggart</hw> \K/"brag\F'\nt/, /-A:t/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\pa person given to bragging. \Iadj.\i boastful. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ibragard\i from \Ibraguer\i \J\Xbrag\x\j\c
<hw>Brahma</hw> \K/"brA:m\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig Hinduism\i\p\B1\b the creator god in Hinduism.\p\B2\b = \J\XBrahman\x 2.\j \BEtymology:\b \3Sanskrit, nominative of \Ibrahman\i 'priest'\c
<hw>Brahman</hw> \K/"brA:m\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bbrahman)\b \I(pl.\i \B-mans)\b \IRelig Hinduism People\i\p\B1\b a member of the highest Hindu caste, the priesthood caste.\p\B2\b the supreme being or ground of the universe in the Hindu scriptures. \BBrahmanic\b \K/-"manIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BBrahmanical\b \K/-"manIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \BBrahmanism\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Sanskrit \Ibrahmana\i from \Ibrahman\i 'priest'\c
<hw>brahmaputra</hw> \K/brA:m\F'\n"pu:tr\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bbrahma)\b \IZool\i\p\B1\b any bird of a large Asian breed of domestic fowl.\p\B2\b this breed. \BEtymology:\b \3river \IBrahmaputra\i in India, from where it was brought\c
<hw>Brahmin</hw> \K/"brA:mIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IRelig\i = \J\XBrahman\x 1.\j\p\B2\b a socially or culturally superior person, esp. from New England. \BEtymology:\b \3variant of \J\XBrahman\x\j\c
<hw>braid</hw> \K/breId/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \INeedlework\i a woven band of silk or thread used for edging or trimming.\p\B2\b \IHairdressing\i a length of entwined hair. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b plait or intertwine (hair or thread).\p\B2\b trim or decorate with braid.\Kbraider omitted Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibregdan,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>braiding</hw> \K/"breIdIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b various types of braid collectively.\p\B2\b braided work.
<hw>brail</hw> \K/breIl/\k \In. & v.\i \INaut\i\p\In.\i\p\I(in \Bpl.)\b\i small ropes on the sides of fore-and-aft sails for trussing them before furling. \Iv.tr.\i \I(foll. by \Bup)\b\i haul up (sails) using brails.\Knew in COD9 f. COD7, NSOED Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ibrai(el)\i from medieval Latin \Ibracale\i 'girdle'\c
<hw>Braille</hw> \K/breIl/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\pa system of writing and printing for the blind, in which characters are represented by patterns of raised dots. \Iv.tr.\i print or transcribe in Braille. \BEtymology:\b \3L. \IBraille,\i French teacher (d. 1852), inventor of the system\c
<hw>brain</hw> \K/breIn/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IAnat\i an organ of soft nervous tissue contained in the skull of vertebrates, functioning as the coordinating centre of sensation, and of intellectual and nervous activity.\p\B2\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \IFood\i the substance of the brain, esp. as food.\p\B3\b \Ba\b a person's intellectual capacity \3(has a poor brain).\c \Bb\b \I(often in \Bpl.)\b\i intelligence; high intellectual capacity \3(has a brain;\c \2has brains).\c\p\B4\b \I(usu. in \Bpl.;\b\i \Iprec. by \Bthe)\b\i \Icolloq.\i \Ba\b the cleverest person in a group. \Bb\b a person who originates a complex plan or idea \3(the brains behind the robbery).\c\p\B5\b \IElectronics\i an electronic device with functions comparable to those of a brain. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b dash out the brains of.\p\B2\b strike hard on the head.\p\1on the brain\c \Icolloq.\i obsessively in one's thoughts. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibrµgen,\i from West Germanic\c
<hw>brainbox</hw> \K/"breInbQks/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i a clever person.\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED, corpus Aug 93\k
<hw>brainchild</hw> \K/"breIntSVIld/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-children)\b \Icolloq.\i an idea, plan, or invention regarded as the result of a person's mental effort.
<hw>brain coral</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a compact coral with a convoluted surface resembling that of the brain.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k
<hw>brain damage</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i injury to the brain (permanently) impairing its functions. \Bbrain-damaged\b \Iadj.\i\Knew f. SOED, corpus Sep 94\k
<hw>brain-dead</hw> \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IMed\i having suffered brain death.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i \Iderog.\i feeble-minded; lacking any vitality.\Ksense 2 new in COD9 f. NEWS, corpus Feb 94\k
<hw>brain death</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i irreversible brain damage causing the end of independent respiration, regarded as indicative of death.
<hw>brain drain</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Icolloq.\i the loss of academics and skilled personnel by emigration.
<hw>brain fever</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i inflammation of the brain.
<hw>brainpan</hw> \K/"breInpan/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnat\i \Icolloq.\i the skull.
<hw>brainpower</hw> \K/"breInpaU\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pmental ability or intelligence.
<hw>brainstem</hw> \K/"breInstEm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnat\i the central trunk of the brain, upon which the cerebrum and cerebellum are set, and which continues downwards to form the spinal cord.
<hw>brainstorm</hw> \K/"breInstO:m/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a violent or excited outburst often as a result of a sudden mental disturbance.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i mental confusion.\p\B3\b \BN. Amer.\b \I=\i \J\Xbrainwave\x 2.\j\p\B4\b (also \Bbrainstorming session)\b a concerted intellectual treatment of a problem by discussing spontaneous ideas about it. \Iv.intr.\i engage in a brainstorming session.\Kv. new in COD9 f. OERD, NSOED, corpus May 94\k \Bbrainstorming\b\p\In.\i\p(in sense 4).
<hw>brains trust</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b a group of experts who give impromptu answers to questions, usu. publicly.\Kvar. brain trust omitted Oct 94\k
<hw>brain-teaser</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bbrain-twister)\b \Icolloq.\i a puzzle or problem.
<hw>brain trust</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BUS\b a group of expert advisers.
<hw>brainwash</hw> \K/"breInwQS/\k \Iv.tr.\i subject (a person) to a prolonged process by which ideas other than and at variance with those already held are implanted in the mind. \Bbrainwashing\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>brainwave</hw> \K/"breInweIv/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i an electrical impulse in the brain.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i a sudden bright idea.
<hw>braise</hw> \K/breIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i \ICookery\i fry lightly and then stew slowly with a little liquid in a closed container. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ibraiser\i from \Ibraise\i 'live coals', among which the container was formerly placed\c
<hw>brake (1)</hw> \K/breIk/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\IMech\i\p\B1\b \I(often in \Bpl.)\b\i a device for checking the motion of a mechanism, esp. a wheel or vehicle, or for keeping it at rest.\p\B2\b anything that has the effect of hindering or impeding \3(shortage of money was a brake on their enthusiasm).\c\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i apply a brake.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i retard or stop with a brake.\Kbrakeless omitted Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3probably obsolete \Ibrake\i in sense 'machine-handle, bridle'\c
<hw>brake (2)</hw> \K/breIk/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ITransport\i a large estate car. \BEtymology:\b \3variant of \J\Xbreak\x (2)\j\c
<hw>brake (3)</hw> \K/breIk/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMech\i a toothed instrument used for crushing flax and hemp.\p\B2\b (in full \Bbrake harrow)\b \IAgriculture\i a heavy kind of harrow for breaking up large lumps of earth. \Iv.tr.\i \IAgriculture\i crush (flax or hemp) by beating it. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, related to \J\Xbreak\x (1)\j\c
<hw>brake (4)</hw> \K/breIk/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IGeog\i a thicket.\p\B2\b brushwood. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibracu,\i related to Middle Low German \Ibrake\i 'branch, stump'\c
<hw>brake (5)</hw> \K/breIk/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i bracken. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, perhaps shortened from \J\Xbracken\x,\j \I-en\i being taken as a pl. ending\c
<hw>brake block</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMech\i\p\B1\b a block (usu. of hardened rubber) which is applied to a bicycle wheel as a brake.\Ksense 1 new f. SOED Aug 93\k\p\B2\b a block used to hold a brake shoe.
<hw>brake disc</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMech.\i a disc attached to a wheel on which the brake pad presses to brake.\Kb. disc new f. incomings, corpus Aug 93\k
<hw>brake drum</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMech\i a cylinder attached to a wheel on which the brake shoe presses to brake.
<hw>brake fluid</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IEngin\i fluid used in a hydraulic brake system.
<hw>brake harrow</hw> see \J\Xbrake\x (3)\p\In.\i\p2.\j
<hw>brake horsepower</hw>\p\In.\i\pthe power of an engine reckoned in terms of the force needed to brake it.
<hw>brake lining</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMech\i a strip of fabric attached to a brake shoe to increase its friction.
<hw>brakeman</hw> \K/"breIkm\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-men)\b\p\B1\b \BUS\b \IRailways\i a railway worker responsible for maintenance of a train on a journey.\p\B2\b a person in charge of brakes. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbrake\x (1)\j + \J\Xman\x\j\c
<hw>brake pad</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMech\i a block which presses on the brake disc when brakes are applied.\Kb. pad new f. corpus Aug 93\k
<hw>brake shoe</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMech\i a long curved block which presses on the brake drum when brakes are applied.
<hw>brakevan</hw> \K/"breIkvan/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IRailways\i a railway coach or vehicle from which the train's brakes can be controlled.
<hw>bramble</hw> \K/"bramb(\F'\n)l/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b any of various thorny shrubs of the rose family bearing fleshy red or black berries, esp. the blackberry bush, Rubus fructicosus.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b the edible berry of these shrubs.\p\B3\b any of various other shrubs of the rose family with similar foliage, esp. the dog rose, Rosa canina. \Iv.intr.\i gather blackberries \3(go brambling).\c\Kv. new in COD9 f. OERD, NSOED, Incomings May 94\k \Bbrambly\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibrµmbel\i (earlier \Ibrµmel),\i from the Germanic base of \J\Xbroom\x\j\c
<hw>brambling</hw> \K/"bramblIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a northern Eurasian finch, Fringilla montifringilla, which has brightly coloured plumage with a white rump. \BEtymology:\b \3origin uncertain, perhaps related to German \IBrΣmling\i from West Germanic\c
<hw>Bramley</hw> \K/"bramli/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-eys)\b (in full \BBramley's seedling)\b \IBot\i a large green variety of cooking apple. \BEtymology:\b \3M. \IBramley,\i English butcher in whose garden it is said to have first grown \Ic.\i1850\c
<hw>bran</hw> \K/bran/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAgriculture Food\i grain husks separated from the flour. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French, of unknown origin\c
<hw>branch</hw> \K/brA:n(t)S/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBot\i a limb extending from a tree or bough.\p\B2\b a lateral extension or subdivision, esp. of a river, road, or railway.\p\B3\b a conceptual extension or subdivision, as of a family, knowledge, a subject, etc.\p\B4\b \ICommerce\i a local division or office etc. of a large business, as of a bank, library, etc. \Iv.intr.\i \I(often foll. by \Boff)\b\i\p\B1\b diverge from the main part.\p\B2\b divide into branches.\p\B3\b (of a tree) bear or send out branches.\p\Bbranch out\b extend one's field of interest. \Bbranched\b \Iadj.\i \Bbranchlet\b\p\In.\i\p\Bbranchlike\b \Iadj.\i \Bbranchy\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ibranche\i from Late Latin \Ibranca\i 'paw'\c
<hw>brand</hw> \K/brand/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ICommerce\i \Ba\b a particular make of goods. \Bb\b (in full \Bbrand name)\b an identifying trade mark, label, etc.\p\B2\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bof)\b\i a special or characteristic kind \3(brand of humour).\c\p\B3\b \IAgriculture\i an identifying mark burned on livestock or (formerly) prisoners etc. with a hot iron.\p\B4\b an iron used for this.\p\B5\b a piece of burning, smouldering, or charred wood.\p\B6\b a stigma; a mark of disgrace.\p\B7\b \Ipoet.\i \Ba\b a torch. \Bb\b a sword.\p\B8\b \IBot\i a kind of blight, leaving leaves with a burnt appearance. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b mark with a hot iron.\p\B2\b stigmatize; mark with disgrace \3(they branded him a liar;\c \2was branded for life).\c\p\B3\b impress unforgettably on one's mind.\p\B4\b assign a trade mark or label to. \Bbrander\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English, from Germanic\c
<hw>brandish</hw> \K/"brandIS/\k \Iv.tr.\i wave or flourish as a threat or in display. \Bbrandisher\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old French \Ibrandir,\i ultimately from Germanic, related to \J\Xbrand\x\j\c
<hw>brand leader</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i the leading or best-selling product of its type.\Knew in COD9 f. News, NSOED Aug 93\k
<hw>brandling</hw> \K/"brandlIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a red earthworm, Eisenia foetida, with rings of a brighter colour, which is often found in manure and used as bait. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbrand\x\j + \J\X-ling\x (1)\j\c
<hw>brand name</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i\p\B1\b see \J\Xbrand\x 1b.\j\p\B2\b a product with an identifying trade mark, label, etc.\Knew f. OERD, corpus, Inc., Sept 94\k
<hw>brand new</hw> \Iadj.\i completely or obviously new.
<hw>brandy</hw> \K/"brandi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IDrink\i a strong alcoholic spirit distilled from wine or fermented fruit juice. \BEtymology:\b \3earlier \Ibrand(e)wine\i from Dutch \Ibrandewijn\i 'burnt (distilled) wine'\c
<hw>brandy ball</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ICookery\i a kind of brandy-flavoured sweet.
<hw>brandy butter</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ICookery\i a rich sweet hard sauce made with brandy, butter, and sugar.
<hw>brandy snap</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i a crisp rolled gingerbread wafer usu. filled with cream.
<hw>brank-ursine</hw> \K/braNk"\F'\n:sIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i = \J\Xbear's breech\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ibranche ursine,\i medieval Latin \Ibranca ursina\i 'bear's claw': see \J\Xbranch\x,\j \J\Xursine\x\j\c
<hw>bran tub</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b a lucky dip with prizes concealed in bran.
<hw>brash (1)</hw> \K/braS/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b vulgarly or ostentatiously self-assertive.\p\B2\b hasty, rash.\p\B3\b impudent. \Bbrashly\b \Iadv.\i \Bbrashness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3originally dialect, perhaps from \J\Xrash\x (1)\j\c
<hw>brash (2)</hw> \K/braS/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IGeol\i loose broken rock or ice.\p\B2\b \IBot\i clippings from hedges, shrubs, etc. \BEtymology:\b \318th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>brass</hw> \K/brA:s/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IChem\i a yellow alloy of copper and zinc.\p\B2\b \Ba\b an ornament or other decorated piece of brass. \Bb\b brass objects collectively.\p\B3\b \IMus.\i brass wind instruments (including trumpet, horn, trombone) forming a band or a section of an orchestra.\p\B4\b \BBrit.\b \Islang\i money.\p\B5\b (in full \Bhorse brass)\b a round flat brass ornament for the harness of a draught horse.\p\B6\b (in full \Btop brass)\b \Icolloq.\i persons in authority or of high (esp. military) rank.\p\B7\b \BBrit.\b an inscribed or engraved memorial tablet of brass.\p\B8\b \Icolloq.\i effrontery \3(then had the brass to demand money).\c\p\B9\b \IPrinting\i a brass block or die used for making a design on a book binding. \Iadj.\i made of brass.\p\Bbrassed off\b \BBrit.\b \Islang\i fed up.\p\1not a brass farthing\c \Icolloq.\i no money or assets at all. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibrµs,\i of unknown origin\c
<hw>brassard</hw> \K/"brasA:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i a band worn on the sleeve, esp. with a uniform. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ibras\i 'arm' + \J\X-ard\x\j\c
<hw>brass band</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMus\i a group of musicians playing brass instruments, sometimes also with percussion.
<hw>brasserie</hw> \K/"bras\F'\nri/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFood\i a restaurant, originally one serving beer with food. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = brewery\c
<hw>brass hat</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IMil\i \Icolloq.\i an officer of high rank, usu. one with gold braid on the cap.
<hw>brassica</hw> \K/"brasIk\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i any cruciferous plant of the genus \IBrassica,\i having tap roots and erect branched stems, including cabbage, swede, Brussels sprout, mustard, rape, cauliflower, kohlrabi, calabrese, kale, and turnip. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = cabbage\c
<hw>brassie</hw> \K/"brasi/, /"brA:si/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bbrassy)\b \I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IGolf\i a wooden-headed golf club with a brass sole.
<hw>brass monkey</hw>\p\In.\i\p(in phr. \Bcold enough to freeze the balls off a brass monkey\b and similar expressions) used to indicate extreme cold. \BEtymology:\b \3from a type of brass rack or 'monkey' in which cannon balls were stored and which contracted in very cold weather, ejecting the balls\c
<hw>brass rubbing</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the rubbing of heelball etc. over paper laid on an engraved brass to take an impression of its design.\p\B2\b an impression obtained by this.
<hw>brass tacks</hw> \In.pl.\i \Islang\i actual details; real business \3(get down to brass tacks).\c
<hw>brassy (1)</hw> \K/"brA:si/\k \Iadj.\i \B(brassier,\b \Bbrassiest)\b\p\B1\b like brass, esp. in colour.\p\B2\b impudent.\p\B3\b pretentious, showy.\p\B4\b loud and blaring. \Bbrassily\b \Iadv.\i \Bbrassiness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>brat</hw> \K/brat/\k\p\In.\i\pusu. \Iderog.\i a child, esp. a badly behaved one. \Bbratty\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3perhaps abbreviation of Scots \Ibratchet\i 'infant', or from \Ibrat\i 'rough garment'\c
<hw>brat pack</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Islang\i a rowdy and ostentatious group of young celebrities, esp. film stars. \Bbrat packer\b\p\In.\i\p\Knew in COD9 f. News, incomings, OMED Aug 93\k
<hw>brattice</hw> \K/"bratIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMining\i a wooden partition or shaft lining in a coal mine. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, ultimately from Old English \Ibrittisc\i \J\XBritish\x\j\c
<hw>bratwurst</hw> \K/"bratv\F'\n:st/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFood\i a type of small German pork sausage. \BEtymology:\b \3German from \Ibraten\i 'fry, roast' + \IWurst\i 'sausage'\c
<hw>bravado</hw> \K/br\F'\n"vA:d\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\pa bold manner or a show of boldness intended to impress. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish \Ibravata\i from \Ibravo:\i cf. \J\Xbrave\x,\j \J\X-ado\x\j\c
<hw>brave</hw> \K/breIv/\k \Iadj., n., & v.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b able or ready to face and endure danger or pain.\p\B2\b \Iformal\i splendid, spectacular \3(make a brave show).\c\p\In.\i\pan American Indian warrior. \Iv.tr.\i defy; encounter bravely.\p\1brave it out\c behave defiantly under suspicion or blame. \Bbravely\b \Iadv.\i \Bbraveness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from French, via Italian or Spanish \Ibravo\i 'courageous, untamed, savage', from Latin \Ibarbarus\i \J\Xbarbarous\x\j\c
<hw>bravery</hw> \K/"breIv(\F'\n)ri/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b brave conduct.\p\B2\b a brave nature. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ibraverie\i or Italian \Ibraveria\i (as \J\Xbrave\x)\j\c
<hw>bravo (1)</hw> \K/brA:"v\F'\nU/, /"brA:v\F'\nU/\k \Iint. & n.\i \Iint.\i expressing approval of a performer etc.\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b a cry of bravo. \BEtymology:\b \3French from Italian: see \J\Xbrave\x\j\c
<hw>bravo (2)</hw> \K/"brA:v\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-oes\b or \B-os)\b a hired ruffian or killer. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian: see \J\Xbrave\x\j\c
<hw>bravura</hw> \K/br\F'\n"v(j)U\F'\nr\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(often \Battrib.)\b\i\p\B1\b a brilliant or ambitious action or display.\p\B2\b \IMus\i \Ba\b a style of (esp. vocal) music requiring exceptional ability. \Bb\b a passage of this kind.\p\B3\b bravado. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian, from \Ibravo\i \J\Xbrave\x\j\c
<hw>brawl</hw> \K/brO:l/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\pa noisy quarrel or fight. \Iv.intr.\i\p\B1\b quarrel noisily or roughly.\p\B2\b \IGeog\i (of a stream) run noisily. \Bbrawler\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, probably ultimately related to \J\Xbray\x (1)\j\c
<hw>brawn</hw> \K/brO:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b muscular strength.\p\B2\b muscle; lean flesh.\p\B3\b \BBrit.\b \ICookery\i a jellied preparation of the chopped meat from a boiled pig's head. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Anglo-French \Ibraun,\i Old French \Ibraon\i from Germanic\c
<hw>bray (1)</hw> \K/breI/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool\i the cry of a donkey.\p\B2\b a sound like this cry, e.g. that of a harshly played brass instrument, a laugh, etc.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i make a braying sound.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i utter harshly. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ibraire\i 'to cry', perhaps ultimately from Celtic\c
<hw>bray (2)</hw> \K/breI/\k \Iv.tr.\i \Iarchaic\i pound or crush to small pieces, esp. with a pestle and mortar. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Anglo-French \Ibraier,\i Old French \Ibreier\i from the Germanic base of \J\Xbreak\x (1)\j\c
<hw>braze (1)</hw> \K/breIz/\k \Iv. & n.\i \IMetallurgy\i \Iv.tr.\i solder with an alloy of copper and zinc at a high temperature.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a brazed joint.\p\B2\b the alloy used for brazing. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ibraser\i 'solder' from \Ibraise\i 'live coals'\c
<hw>braze (2)</hw> \K/breIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b make of brass. \Bb\b cover or ornament with brass.\p\B2\b make hard like brass. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibrµsen\i from \Ibrµs\i 'brass'\c
<hw>brazen</hw> \K/"breIz(\F'\n)n/\k \Iadj. & v.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b (also \Bbrazen-faced)\b flagrant and shameless; insolent.\p\B2\b of or like brass.\p\B3\b harsh in sound. \Iv.tr.\i \I(foll. by \Bout)\b\i face or undergo defiantly.\p\1brazen it out\c be defiantly unrepentant under censure. \Bbrazenly\b \Iadv.\i \Bbrazenness\b \K/"breIz(\F'\n)nnIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibrµsen\i from \Ibrµs\i brass\c
<hw>brazier (1)</hw> \K/"breIzj\F'\n/, /-Z\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a portable heater consisting of a pan or stand for holding lighted coals.\p\B2\b \BN. Amer.\b a charcoal grill for cooking.\Ksense 2 new f. Kpb, Inc., Sept. 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ibrasier\i from \Ibraise\i 'hot coals'\c
<hw>brazier (2)</hw> \K/"breIzj\F'\n/, /-Z\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pa worker in brass. \Bbraziery\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English probably from \J\Xbrass\x\j + \J\X-ier\x,\j on the pattern of \Iglass,\i \Iglazier\i\c
<hw>brazil</hw> \K/br\F'\n"zIl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b (in full \BBrazil nut)\b a large three-sided nut with an edible kernel, obtained from the S. American forest tree Bertholletia excelsa.\p\B2\b (in full \BBrazil wood)\b a hard red wood from any tropical tree of the genus \ICaesalpinia,\i yielding dyes. \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Ibrasilium;\i the S. American country \IBrazil\i is named from the wood\c
<hw>BRCS</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IMed\i British Red Cross Society.
<hw>breach</hw> \K/bri:tS/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bof)\b\i the breaking of or failure to observe a law, contract, etc.\p\B2\b \Ba\b a breaking of relations; an estrangement. \Bb\b a quarrel.\p\B3\b \Ba\b a broken state. \Bb\b \IMil.\i a gap, esp. one made by artillery in fortifications. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b break through; make a gap in.\p\B2\b break (a law, contract, etc.).\p\1stand in the breach\c \Iarchaic\i bear the brunt of an attack.\p\1step into the breach\c give help in a crisis, esp. by replacing someone who has dropped out. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ibreche,\i ultimately from the Germanic base of \J\Xbreak\x (1)\j\c
<hw>breach of promise</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i the breaking of a promise, esp. a promise to marry.
<hw>breach of the peace</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i an infringement or violation of the public peace by any disturbance or riot etc.
<hw>bread</hw> \K/brEd/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ICookery\i baked dough made from flour usu. leavened with yeast and moistened, eaten as a staple food.\p\B2\b \Ba\b necessary food. \Bb\b (also \Bdaily bread)\b one's livelihood.\p\B3\b \Islang\i money. \Iv.tr.\i \ICookery\i coat with breadcrumbs for cooking.\p\1bread and circuses\c the public provision of subsistence and entertainment.\p\1bread and wine\c \IRelig\i the Eucharist.\p\1cast one's bread upon the waters\c do good without expecting gratitude or reward.\p\1know which side one's bread is buttered\c (or \BUS\b \Bbuttered on)\b know where one's advantage lies.\p\1take the bread out of a person's mouth\c take away a person's living, esp. by competition etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibread,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>bread and butter</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IFood\i bread spread with butter.\p\B2\b \IFinance\i \Ba\b one's livelihood. \Bb\b routine work to ensure an income \I(often, with hyphens, \Battrib.:\b\i \2bread-and-butter sales).\c
<hw>bread-and-butter letter</hw>\p\In.\i\pa letter of thanks for hospitality.
<hw>breadbasket</hw> \K/"brEdbA:skIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IFoods\i a basket for bread or rolls.\p\B2\b \IAnat\i \Islang\i the stomach.\p\B3\b a region etc. that supplies cereals to another.\Ksense 3 new in COD9 f. NSOED Aug 93\k
<hw>bread bin</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IFood\i a container for keeping bread in.
<hw>breadboard</hw> \K/"brEdbO:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a board for cutting bread on.\p\B2\b \IElectr Computing\i a board for making an experimental model of an electric circuit.
<hw>breadcrumb</hw> \K/"brEdkrVm/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a small fragment of bread.\p\B2\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \ICookery\i bread crumbled for use in cooking.
<hw>breadfruit</hw> \K/"brEdfru:t/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b (also \Bbreadfruit tree)\b a tropical evergreen tree, Artocarpus altilis, bearing edible usu. seedless fruit.\p\B2\b \ICookery\i the fruit of this tree, which when roasted becomes soft like new bread.
<hw>breadline</hw> \K/"brEdlVIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b subsistence level \3(esp. on the breadline).\c\p\B2\b \BN. Amer.\b a queue of people waiting to receive free food.
<hw>bread sauce</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i a white sauce thickened with breadcrumbs.
<hw>breadth</hw> \K/brEdT/, /-t-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the distance or measurement from side to side of a thing; broadness.\p\B2\b \ITextiles etc.\i a piece (of cloth etc.) of standard or full breadth.\p\B3\b extent, distance, room.\p\B4\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bof)\b\i capacity to respect other opinions; freedom from prejudice or intolerance \3(esp. breadth of mind or view).\c\p\B5\b \IArt\i unity of the whole, achieved by the disregard of unnecessary details. \Bbreadthways\b \Iadv.\i \Bbreadthwise\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3obsolete \Ibrede,\i Old English \Ibrµdu,\i from Germanic, related to \J\Xbroad\x\j\c
<hw>breadwinner</hw> \K/"brEdwIn\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pa person who earns the money to support a family.
<hw>break (1)</hw> \K/breIk/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\I(past\i \Bbroke\b \K/br\F'\nUk/\k or \Iarchaic\i \Bbrake\b \K/breIk/\k; \Ipast part.\i \Bbroken\b \K/"br\F'\nUk\F'\nn/\k or \Iarchaic\i \Bbroke)\b\p\B1\b \Itr. & intr.\i \Ba\b separate into pieces under a blow or strain; shatter. \Bb\b make or become inoperative, esp. from damage \3(the toaster has broken).\c \Bc\b break a bone in or dislocate (part of the body). \Bd\b break the skin of (the head or crown).\p\B2\b \Ba\b \Itr.\i cause or effect an interruption in \3(broke our journey;\c \2the spell was broken;\c \2broke the silence).\c \Bb\b \Iintr.\i have an interval between spells of work \3(let's break now;\c \2we broke for tea).\c\p\B3\b \Itr.\i fail to observe or keep (a law, promise, etc.).\p\B4\b \Ba\b \Itr. & intr.\i make or become subdued or weakened; yield or cause to yield \3(broke his spirit;\c \2he broke under the strain).\c \Bb\b \Itr.\i weaken the effect of (a fall, blow, etc.). \Bc\b \Itr.\i = \Ibreak in\i 3c. \Bd\b \Itr.\i defeat, destroy \3(broke the enemy's power).\c \Be\b \Itr.\i defeat the object of (a strike, e.g. by engaging other personnel).\p\B5\b \Itr.\i surpass (a record).\p\B6\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bwith)\b\i quarrel or cease association with (another person etc.).\p\B7\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b be no longer subject to (a habit). \Bb\b \I(foll. by \Bof)\b\i cause (a person) to be free of a habit \3(broke them of their addiction).\c\p\B8\b \Itr. & intr.\i reveal or be revealed; (cause to) become known \3(broke the news;\c \2the story broke on Friday).\c\p\B9\b \Iintr.\i \Ba\b (of the weather) change suddenly, esp. after a fine spell. \Bb\b (of waves) curl over and dissolve into foam. \Bc\b (of the day) dawn. \Bd\b (of clouds) move apart; show a gap. \Be\b (of a storm) begin violently.\p\B10\b \Itr.\i \IElectr.\i disconnect (a circuit) \I(opp.\i \J\Xmake\x\p\Iv.\i\p23).\j\p\B11\b \Iintr.\i \Ba\b (of the voice) change with emotion. \Bb\b (of a boy's voice) change in register etc. at puberty.\p\B12\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b \I(often foll. by \Bup)\b\i divide (a set etc.) into parts, e.g. by selling to different buyers. \Bb\b change (a banknote etc.) for coins.\p\B13\b \Itr.\i ruin (an individual or institution) financially (see also \J\Xbroke\x \Ipredic.adj.\i).\j\p\B14\b \Itr.\i penetrate (e.g. a safe) by force.\p\B15\b \Itr.\i decipher (a code).\p\B16\b \Itr.\i make (a way, path, etc.) by separating obstacles.\p\B17\b \Iintr.\i burst forth \3(the sun broke through the clouds).\c\p\B18\b \IMil.\i \Ba\b \Iintr.\i (of troops) disperse in confusion. \Bb\b \Itr.\i make a rupture in (ranks).\p\B19\b \Ba\b \Iintr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bfree,\b \Bloose,\b \Bout,\b etc.)\i escape from constraint by a sudden effort. \Bb\b \Itr.\i escape or emerge from (prison, bounds, cover, etc.).\p\B20\b \Itr.\i \ITennis etc.\i win a game against (an opponent's service).\p\B21\b \Iintr.\i \IBoxing etc.\i (of two fighters, usu. at the referee's command) come out of a clinch.\p\B22\b \IMil.\i \Itr.\i demote (an officer).\p\B23\b \Iintr.\i \Iesp. Stock Exch.\i (of prices) fall sharply.\p\B24\b \Iintr.\i \ICricket\i (of a bowled ball) change direction on bouncing.\p\B25\b \Iintr.\i \IBilliards etc.\i make the first stroke at the beginning of a game.\p\B26\b \Itr.\i unfurl (a flag etc.).\p\B27\b \Itr.\i \IPhonet.\i subject (a vowel) to fracture.\p\B28\b \Itr.\i \INaut\i fail to rejoin (one's ship) after absence on leave.\p\B29\b \Itr.\i disprove (an alibi).\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b an act or instance of breaking. \Bb\b a point where something is broken; a gap.\p\B2\b an interval, an interruption; a pause in work.\p\B3\b a sudden dash (esp. to escape).\p\B4\b \Icolloq.\i \Ba\b a piece of good luck; a fair chance. \Bb\b (also \Bbad break)\b an unfortunate remark or action, a blunder.\p\B5\b \ICricket\i a change in direction of a bowled ball on bouncing.\p\B6\b \IBilliards etc.\i \Ba\b a series of points scored during one turn. \Bb\b the opening shot that disperses the balls.\p\B7\b \IMus.\i (in jazz etc.) a short unaccompanied passage for a soloist, usu. improvised.\p\B8\b \IElectr.\i a discontinuity in a circuit.\p\Bbreak away\b make or become free or separate (see also \J\Xbreakaway\x).\j\p\1break the back of\c\p\B1\b do the hardest or greatest part of.\p\B2\b overburden (a person).\p\1break bulk\c \Isee\i \J\Xbulk\x.\j\p\Bbreak down\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b fail in mechanical action; cease to function. \Bb\b (of human relationships etc.) fail, collapse. \Bc\b \IMed\i fail in (esp. mental) health. \Bd\b be overcome by emotion; collapse in tears.\p\B2\b \Ba\b demolish, destroy. \Bb\b overcome (resistance). \Bc\b force (a person) to yield under pressure.\p\B3\b analyse into components (see also \J\Xbreakdown\x).\j\p\1break even\c emerge from a transaction etc. with neither profit nor loss.\p\1break a person's heart\c \Isee\i \J\Xheart\x.\j\p\1break the ice\c\p\B1\b begin to overcome formality or shyness, esp. between strangers.\p\B2\b make a start.\p\Bbreak in\b\p\B1\b \ILaw\i enter premises by force, esp. with criminal intent.\p\B2\b interrupt.\p\B3\b \Ba\b accustom to a habit etc. \Bb\b wear etc. until comfortable. \Bc\b \Besp. Brit.\b tame or discipline (an animal); accustom (a horse) to saddle and bridle etc.\p\B4\b \BAustral.\b & \BNZ\b \IAgriculture\i bring (virgin land) into cultivation.\p\Bbreak in on\b disturb; interrupt.\p\Bbreak into\b\p\B1\b enter forcibly or violently.\p\B2\b \Ba\b suddenly begin, burst forth with (a song, laughter, etc.). \Bb\b suddenly change one's pace for (a faster one) \3(broke into a gallop).\c\p\B3\b interrupt.\p\1break a leg\c \I(as \Bint.)\b\i \ITheatr.\i \Islang\i good luck.\Kb. a. leg new f. F. Abate, NSOED Oct 94\k\p\1break new (or fresh) ground\c \Isee\i \J\Xground\x (1).\j\Kcross-ref new Oct 94\k\p\1break of day\c dawn.\p\Bbreak off\b\p\B1\b detach by breaking.\p\B2\b bring to an end.\p\B3\b cease talking etc.\p\Bbreak open\b open forcibly.\p\Bbreak out\b\p\B1\b escape by force, esp. from prison.\p\B2\b begin suddenly; burst forth \3(then violence broke out).\c\p\B3\b \I(foll. by \Bin)\b\i become covered in (a rash etc.).\p\B4\b exclaim.\p\B5\b release (a run-up flag).\p\B6\b \BUS\b \Ba\b open up (a receptacle) and remove its contents. \Bb\b remove (articles) from a place of storage.\p\1break step\c get out of step.\p\Bbreak up\b\p\B1\b break into small pieces.\p\B2\b disperse; disband.\p\B3\b \BBrit.\b end the school term.\p\B4\b \Ba\b terminate a relationship; disband. \Bb\b cause to do this.\p\B5\b \BBrit.\b \IMeteorol\i (of the weather) change suddenly (esp. after a fine spell).\p\B6\b \Besp. US\b \Ba\b upset or be upset. \Bb\b excite or be excited. \Bc\b convulse or be convulsed (see also \J\Xbreak-up\x).\j\p\1break wind\c \IBiol\i release gas from the anus.\p\1break one's word\c \Isee\i \J\Xword\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibrecan,\i from Germanic: related to \J\Xbray\x (2),\j \J\Xbreach\x\j\c
<hw>break (2)</hw> \K/breIk/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IRiding\i a carriage frame without a body, for breaking in young horses.\p\B2\b \ITransport\i = \J\Xbrake\x (2).\j \BEtymology:\b \3perhaps = \Ibrake\i framework: 17th c., of unknown origin\c
<hw>breakable</hw> \K/"breIk\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i that may or is apt to be broken easily.\p\In.\i\p\I(esp. in \Bpl.)\b\i a breakable thing.
<hw>breakage</hw> \K/"breIkIdZ/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an act or instance of breaking.\p\B2\b \Ba\b a broken thing. \Bb\b damage caused by breaking.
<hw>breakaway</hw> \K/"breIk\F'\nweI/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or an instance of breaking away or seceding.\p\B2\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i that breaks away or has broken away; separate.\p\B3\b \BAustral.\b a stampede, esp. at the sight or smell of water.\p\B4\b \ISport\i a false start in a race.\p\B5\b \IRugby\i each of the two flank forwards on the outsides of the second row of a scrum formation.
<hw>break crop</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAgriculture\i a crop grown to avoid the continual growing of cereals.
<hw>break-dancing</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IDancing\i an energetic and acrobatic style of street dancing, developed by US blacks.
<hw>breakdown</hw> \K/"breIkdaUn/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a mechanical failure. \Bb\b \IMed\i a loss of (esp. mental) health and strength.\p\B2\b a collapse or disintegration \3(breakdown of communication).\c\p\B3\b a detailed analysis (of statistics etc.).
<hw>breaker</hw> \K/"breIk\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person or thing that breaks something, esp. \BBrit.\b disused machinery.\p\B2\b \IRiding\i a person who breaks in a horse.\p\B3\b \IGeog Naut\i a heavy wave that breaks.
<hw>breakfast</hw> \K/"brEkf\F'\nst/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\pthe first meal of the day. \Iv.intr.\i have breakfast.\p\1have for breakfast\c \Islang\i make mincemeat of (a person); defeat easily.\Knew idiom f. SOED Aug 93\k \Bbreakfaster\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbreak\x (1)\j 'interrupt' + \J\Xfast\x (2)\j\c
<hw>breakfast television</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ITelev\i early-morning television.\Knew in COD9 f. corpus Aug 93\k
<hw>break-in</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i an illegal forced entry into premises, esp. with criminal intent.
<hw>breaking and entering</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \Ihist.\i & \BUS\b \ILaw\i the illegal entering of a building with intent to commit a felony.
<hw>breaking point</hw>\p\In.\i\pthe point of greatest strain, at which a thing breaks or a person gives way.
<hw>break-line</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPrinting\i the last line of a paragraph (usu. not of full length).
<hw>break point</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a place or time at which an interruption or change is made.\p\B2\b (usu. \Bbreakpoint)\b \IComputing\i a place in a computer program where the sequence of instructions is interrupted, esp. by another program.\p\B3\b \ITennis\i \Ba\b a point which would win the game for the player(s) receiving service \3(three break points).\c \Bb\b the situation at which the receiver(s) may win such a point \3(this is break point).\c\p\B4\b = \J\Xbreaking point\x.\j
<hw>breakthrough</hw> \K/"breIkTru:/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a major advance or discovery.\p\B2\b an act of breaking through an obstacle etc.
<hw>break-up</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the disintegration or collapse of a thing.\p\B2\b a dispersal.
<hw>breakwater</hw> \K/"breIkwO:t\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pa barrier built out into the sea to break the force of waves.
<hw>bream (1)</hw> \K/bri:m/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i same) \IZool\i\p\B1\b a yellowish deep-bodied freshwater fish, Abramis brama, of the carp family.\p\B2\b (in full \Bsea bream)\b a similarly shaped marine fish of the family Sparidae, esp. of the genus \IPagellus\i or \ISpondyliosoma,\i of the NE Atlantic. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ibre(s)me\i from West Germanic\c
<hw>bream (2)</hw> \K/bri:m/\k \Iv.tr.\i \INaut.\i \Ihist.\i clean (a ship's bottom) by burning and scraping. \BEtymology:\b \3probably from Low German and related to \J\Xbroom\x\j\c
<hw>breast</hw> \K/brEst/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IAnat\i \Ba\b either of two milk-secreting organs on the upper front of a woman's body. \Bb\b the corresponding usu. rudimentary part of a man's body.\p\B2\b \IAnat\i \Ba\b the upper front part of a human body; the chest. \Bb\b the corresponding part of an animal.\p\B3\b \IClothing\i the part of a garment that covers the breast.\p\B4\b the breast as a source of nourishment or emotion. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b face, meet in full opposition \3(breast the wind).\c\p\B2\b contend with \3(breast it out against difficulties).\c\p\B3\b reach the top of (a hill).\p\1breast the tape\c \Isee\i \J\Xtape\x.\j\p\1make a clean breast of\c (esp. in phr. \Bmake a clean breast of it)\b confess fully.\Kmake a clean breast of subsumed in COD9. As POD Jan 93\k \Bbreasted\b \Iadj.\i \I(also in \Bcomb.).\b\i\Kbreastless omitted Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibreost,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>breastbone</hw> \K/"brEs(t)b\F'\nUn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnat\i a thin flat vertical bone and cartilage in the chest connecting the ribs; the sternum.
<hw>breastfeed</hw> \K/"brEs(t)fi:d/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\I(past\i and \Ipast part.\i \B-fed)\b \IAnat\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i feed (a baby) from the breast.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i (of a baby) feed from the breast.\Ksense 2 new f. SOED Aug 93\k
<hw>breast-high</hw> \Iadj. & adv.\i as high as the breast; submerged to the breast.
<hw>breast-pin</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IJewellery\i a brooch etc. worn on the breast.
<hw>breastplate</hw> \K/"brEs(t)pleIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i a piece of armour covering the breast.
<hw>breaststroke</hw> \K/brEs(t)str\F'\nUk/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISport Swimming\i a stroke made while swimming on the breast by extending arms forward and sweeping them back in unison.
<hw>breastsummer</hw> \K/"brEs(t)sVm\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IArchit.\i a beam across a broad opening, sustaining a superstructure. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbreast\x\j + \J\Xsummer\x (2)\j\c
<hw>breastwork</hw> \K/"brEs(t)w\F'\n:k/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFortification\i a low temporary defence or parapet.
<hw>breath</hw> \K/brET/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IAnat\i \Ba\b the air taken into or expelled from the lungs. \Bb\b one respiration of air. \Bc\b an exhalation of air that can be seen, smelt, or heard \3(breath steamed in the cold air;\c \2bad breath).\c\p\B2\b \Ba\b a slight movement of air; a breeze. \Bb\b a whiff of perfume etc.\p\B3\b a whisper, a murmur (esp. of a scandalous nature).\p\B4\b the power of breathing; life \3(is there breath in him?).\c\p\1below (or under) one's breath\c in a whisper.\p\1breath of fresh air\c\p\B1\b a small amount of or a brief time in the fresh air.\p\B2\b a refreshing change.\p\1breath of life\c a necessity.\p\1catch one's breath\c\p\B1\b cease breathing momentarily in surprise, suspense, etc.\p\B2\b rest after exercise to restore normal breathing.\p\1draw breath\c breathe; live.\p\1hold one's breath\c cease breathing temporarily.\p\1in the same breath\c (esp. of saying two contradictory things) within a short time.\p\1out of breath\c gasping for air, esp. after exercise.\p\1take breath\c pause for rest.\p\1take one's breath away\c astound; surprise; awe; delight.\p\1waste one's breath\c talk or give advice without effect. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibrµth,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>breathable</hw> \K/"bri:D\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b (of the air etc.) fit or pleasant to breathe.\p\B2\b \ITextiles\i (of material) admitting air to the skin and allowing sweat to evaporate.\Kbreathable new f. SOED May 94\k
<hw>breathalyser</hw> \K/"brET\F'\nlVIz\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b & \Ipropr.\i \Bbreathalyzer)\b an instrument for measuring the amount of alcohol in the breath (and hence in the blood) of a driver. \Bbreathalyse\b \Iv.tr.\i \B(US\b \B-lyze).\b \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbreath\x\j + \J\Xanalyse\x\j + \J\X-er\x (1)\j\c
<hw>breathe</hw> \K/bri:D/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \IBiol\i \Ba\b take air into and expel it from the lungs. \Bb\b take in oxygen.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i be or seem alive \3(is she breathing?).\c\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b utter; say (esp. quietly) \3(breathed her forgiveness).\c \Bb\b express; display \3(breathed defiance).\c\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i take breath, pause.\p\B5\b \Itr.\i send out or take in (as if) with breathed air; inhale \3(breathed new life into them;\c \2breathed whisky).\c\p\B6\b \Iintr.\i \Ba\b \IDrink Textiles\i (of wine, the skin, etc.) be exposed to fresh air. \Bb\b (of material) admit air or moisture.\K6b new f. SOED May 94\k\p\B7\b \Iintr.\i \Ba\b sound, speak (esp. quietly). \Bb\b (of wind) blow softly.\p\B8\b \Itr.\i \IRiding etc.\i allow (a horse etc.) to breathe; give rest after exertion.\p\1breathe again\c (or \Bfreely)\b recover from a shock, fear, etc., and be at ease.\p\1breathe down a person's neck\c follow or check up on a person, esp. menacingly.\p\Bbreathe in\b inhale.\Kbreathe in new f. SOED May 94\k\p\1breathe one's last\c die.\p\Bbreathe out\b exhale.\Kbreathe out new f. SOED May 94\k\p\Bbreathe upon\b \Iliterary\i tarnish, taint.\p\1not breathe a word\c keep silent.\Knot breathe a word new in COD9 f. Wordfinder Aug 93\k\p\1not breathe a word of\c keep quite secret. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, from \J\Xbreath\x\j\c
<hw>breather</hw> \K/"bri:D\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Icolloq.\i a brief pause for rest.\p\B2\b a safety-vent in the crankcase of a motor vehicle etc.
<hw>breathing</hw> \K/"bri:DIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the process of taking air into and expelling it from the lungs.\p\B2\b \IPhonet.\i a sign in Greek (&nfasp. or &lenis.) indicating the presence of an aspirate \B(rough breathing)\b or the absence of an aspirate \B(smooth breathing).\b\Kdefinition revised because of rho (always aspirated initially) Oct 94\k\Kcer\k
<hw>breathing-space</hw>\p\In.\i\ptime to breathe; a pause.
<hw>breathless</hw> \K/"brETlIs/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b panting, out of breath.\p\B2\b holding, or as if holding, the breath because of excitement, suspense, etc. \3(a state of breathless expectancy).\c\p\B3\b unstirred by wind; still. \Bbreathlessly\b \Iadv.\i \Bbreathlessness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>breath test</hw> \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\pa test of a person's alcohol consumption, using a breathalyser. \Iv.tr.\i \B(breath-test)\b administer a breath test to.\Kverb new in COD9 f. NSOED, News Aug 93\k
<hw>breathy</hw> \K/"brETi/\k \Iadj.\i \B(breathier,\b \Bbreathiest)\b (of a singing voice etc.) containing the sound of breathing. \Bbreathily\b \Iadv.\i \Bbreathiness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>breccia</hw> \K/"brEtS\F'\n/, /-tSI\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i \IGeol\i\p\In.\i\pa rock of angular stones etc. cemented by finer material. \Iv.tr.\i form into breccia. \Bbrecciate\b \Iv.tr.\i \Bbrecciation\b \K/-"eIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Italian, = gravel, from Germanic, related to \J\Xbreak\x (1)\j\c
<hw>bred</hw> \I\Ipast\i and \Ipast part.\i of\i \J\Xbreed\x.\j
<hw>breech</hw> \K/bri:tS/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMil Ballistics\i \Ba\b the part of a cannon behind the bore. \Bb\b the back part of a rifle or gun barrel.\p\B2\b \Iarchaic\i the buttocks. \Iv.tr.\i \Iarchaic\i put (a boy) into breeches after being in petticoats since birth. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibroc,\i pl. \Ibrec\i (treated as sing. in Middle English), from Germanic\c
<hw>breech birth</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bbreech delivery)\b \IMed\i the delivery of a baby which is so positioned in the womb that the buttocks or feet are delivered first.
<hw>breech-block</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i a metal block which closes the breech aperture in a gun.
<hw>breeches</hw> \K/"brItSIz/\k \In.pl.\i (also \Bpair of breeches\b \Ising.)\i \IClothing\i\p\B1\b short trousers, esp. fastened below the knee, now used esp. for riding or in court dress.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i any trousers, knickerbockers, or underpants. \BEtymology:\b \3pl. of \J\Xbreech\x\j\c
<hw>Breeches Bible</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i the Geneva Bible of 1560 with \Ibreeches\i in Gen. 3:7 for the garments made by Adam and Eve.
<hw>breeches-buoy</hw>\p\In.\i\p\INaut\i a lifebuoy suspended from a rope which has canvas breeches for the user's legs.
<hw>breech-loader</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i a gun loaded at the breech, not through the muzzle. \Bbreech-loading\b \Iadj.\i\Kbreech-loading subsumed Aug 92 aaw\k
<hw>breed</hw> \K/bri:d/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\I(past\i and \Ipast part.\i \Bbred\b \K/bred/\k)\p\B1\b \Itr. & intr.\i bear, generate (offspring).\p\B2\b \Itr. & intr.\i propagate or cause to propagate; raise (livestock).\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b yield, produce; result in \3(war breeds famine).\c \Bb\b spread \3(discontent bred by rumour).\c\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i arise; spread \3(disease breeds in the Tropics).\c\p\B5\b \Itr.\i bring up; train \3(bred to the law;\c \2Hollywood breeds stars).\c\p\B6\b \Itr.\i \IPhysics\i create (fissile material) by nuclear reaction.\p\In.\i\p\IZool Bot\i\p\B1\b a stock of animals or plants within a species, having a similar appearance, and usu. developed by deliberate selection.\p\B2\b a race; a lineage.\p\B3\b a sort, a kind.\p\1bred and born\c = \Iborn and bred\i \I(see\i \J\Xborn\x).\j\p\1bred in the bone\c hereditary.\p\Bbreed in\b mate with or marry near relations. \Bbreeder\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibredan:\i related to \J\Xbrood\x\j\c
<hw>breeder reactor</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i a nuclear reactor that can create more fissile material than it consumes.
<hw>breeding</hw> \K/"bri:dIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the process of developing or propagating (animals, plants, etc.).\p\B2\b generation; childbearing.\p\B3\b the result of training or education; behaviour.\p\B4\b good manners (as produced by an aristocratic heredity) \3(has no breeding).\c
<hw>breeze (1)</hw> \K/bri:z/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a gentle wind.\p\B2\b \IMeteorol.\i a wind of force 2 to 6 on the Beaufort scale (4-31 m.p.h.).\p\B3\b a wind blowing from land at night or sea during the day.\p\B4\b \Besp. Brit.\b \Icolloq.\i a quarrel or display of temper.\p\B5\b \Besp. N. Amer.\b \Icolloq.\i an easy task. \Iv.intr.\i \I(foll. by \Bin,\b \Bout,\b \Balong,\b etc.)\i \Icolloq.\i come or go in a casual or light-hearted manner. \BEtymology:\b \3probably from Old Spanish & Portuguese \Ibriza\i 'NE wind'\c
<hw>bremsstrahlung</hw> \K/"brEmzStrA:lUN/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(often \Battrib.)\b\i \IPhysics\i electromagnetic radiation produced by the acceleration or esp. the deceleration of a charged particle after passing through the electric and magnetic fields of a nucleus. \BEtymology:\b \3German, = braking radiation\c
<hw>Bren</hw> \K/brEn/\k\p\In.\i\p(in full \BBren gun)\b \IMil\i a lightweight quick-firing machine-gun. \BEtymology:\b \3\IBr\ino in the Czech Republic (where originally made) + \IEn\ifield in England (where later made)\c
<hw>brent</hw> \K/brEnt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Bbrant\b \K/brant/\k) (in full \Bbrent-goose)\b \IZool\i a small migratory Arctic-breeding goose, Branta bernicla, with black, grey, and white plumage. \BEtymology:\b \316th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>brethren</hw> \Isee\i \J\Xbrother\x.\j
<hw>Breton</hw> \K/"brEt(\F'\n)n/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPeople\i a native of Brittany.\p\B2\b \ILanguage\i the Celtic language of Brittany. \Iadj.\i of or relating to Brittany or its people or language. \BEtymology:\b \3Old French, = \J\XBriton\x\j\c
<hw>breve</hw> \K/bri:v/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMus.\i a note, now rarely used, having the time value of two semibreves.\p\B2\b \IPhonet. etc.\i a written or printed mark (╚) indicating a short or unstressed vowel.\p\B3\b \Ihist.\i an authoritative letter from a sovereign or pope. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English variant of \J\Xbrief\x\j\c
<hw>brevet</hw> \K/"brEvIt/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\I(often \Battrib.)\b\i \IMil\i a document conferring a privilege from a sovereign or government, esp. a rank in the army, without the appropriate pay \3(was promoted by brevet;\c \2brevet major).\c \Iv.tr.\i \B(breveted,\b \Bbreveting\b or \Bbrevetted,\b \Bbrevetting)\b confer brevet rank on. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, from Old French \Ibrievet\i 'little letter', diminutive of \Ibref\i \J\Xbrief\x\j\c
<hw>breviary</hw> \K/"bri:vI\F'\nri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IRC Ch.\i a book containing the service for each day, to be recited by those in orders. \BEtymology:\b \3earlier also, an abridged version of the psalms: Latin \Ibreviarium\i 'summary' from \Ibreviare\i 'abridge': see \J\Xabbreviate\x\j\c
<hw>brevity</hw> \K/"brEvIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b economy of expression; conciseness.\p\B2\b shortness (of time etc.) \3(the brevity of happiness).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Anglo-French \IbrevetΘ,\i Old French \IbrievetΘ\i from \Ibref\i \J\Xbrief\x\j\c
<hw>brew</hw> \K/bru:/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b \IDrink\i make (beer etc.) by infusion, boiling, and fermentation. \Bb\b make (tea etc.) by infusion or (punch etc.) by mixture.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i undergo either of these processes \3(the tea is brewing).\c\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i (of trouble, a storm, etc.) gather force; threaten \3(mischief was brewing).\c\p\B4\b \Itr.\i bring about; set in train; concoct \3(brewed their fiendish scheme).\c\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IDrink\i an amount (of beer etc.) brewed at one time \3(this year's brew).\c\p\B2\b what is brewed (esp. with regard to its quality) \3(a good strong brew).\c\p\B3\b the action or process of brewing.\p\Bbrew up\b \BBrit.\b make tea. \Bbrewer\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibreowan,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>brewery</hw> \K/"brU\F'\nri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IDrink\i a place where beer etc. is brewed commercially.
<hw>brew-up</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i an instance of making tea.
<hw>bribe</hw> \K/brVIb/\k \Iv. & n.\i \ICriminol\i \Iv.tr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bto\b + infin.)\i persuade (a person etc.) to act esp. illegally or dishonestly in one's favour by a gift of money, services, etc. \3(bribed the guard to release the suspect).\c\p\In.\i\pmoney or services offered in the process of bribing. \Bbribable\b \Iadj.\i \Bbriber\b\p\In.\i\p\Bbribery\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ibriber,\i \Ibrimber\i 'beg', of unknown origin\c
<hw>bric-a-brac</hw> \K/"brIk\F'\nbrak/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bbric-α-brac,\b \Bbricabrac)\b miscellaneous, often old, ornaments, trinkets, furniture, etc., of no great value. \BEtymology:\b \3French from obsolete \Iα bric et α brac\i 'at random'\c
<hw>brick</hw> \K/brIk/\k \In., v., & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBuilding\i \Ba\b a small, usu. rectangular, block of fired or sun-dried clay, used in building. \Bb\b the material used to make these. \Bc\b a similar block of concrete etc.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b \IToys\i a child's toy building block.\p\B3\b a brick-shaped solid object \3(a brick of ice cream).\c\p\B4\b \Islang\i a generous or loyal person. \Iv.tr.\i \I(foll. by \Bin,\b \Bup)\b\i close or block with brickwork. \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b built of brick \3(brick wall).\c\p\B2\b of a dull red colour.\p\1bang (or knock or run) one's head against a brick wall\c have one's efforts come to nothing; be continually rebuffed.\p\1like a ton of bricks\c \Icolloq.\i with crushing weight, force, or authority.\Klike a load of bricks omitted f. COD9 Aug 93\k\p\1see through a brick wall\c have miraculous insight. \Bbricky\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Middle Low German, Middle Dutch \Ibri(c)ke,\i of unknown origin\c
<hw>brickbat</hw> \K/"brIkbat/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBallistics\i a piece of brick, esp. when used as a missile.\p\B2\b an uncomplimentary remark.
<hw>brick-built</hw> \Iadj.\i \I(usu. \Battrib.)\b\i \BBrit.\b \IBuilding\i built of bricks.\Knew f. corpus Sep 94\k
<hw>brick-field</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBuilding\i a place at which bricks are made.
<hw>brickfielder</hw> \K/"brIkfi:ld\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BAustral.\b \IMeteorol\i a hot, dry north wind.
<hw>brickie</hw> \K/"brIki/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \Islang\i a bricklayer.
<hw>bricklayer</hw> \K/"brIkleI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBuilding\i a worker who builds with bricks. \Bbricklaying\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>brick red</hw> \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\pthe dull red colour typical of bricks. \Iadj.\i \I(hyphenated when \Battrib.)\b\i of this colour.\Kadj. new in COD9 f. corpus Aug 93\k\Kcolour Aug 92 aaw\k
<hw>brickwork</hw> \K/"brIkw\F'\n:k/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBuilding\i\p\B1\b work executed in brick.\p\B2\b building with bricks; bricklaying.
<hw>brickyard</hw> \K/"brIkjA:d/\k\p\In.\i\pa place where bricks are made.
<hw>bridal</hw> \K/"brVId(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i of or concerning a bride or a wedding. \Bbridally\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3originally as noun, = wedding-feast, from Old English \Ibryd-ealu\i from \Ibryd\i \J\Xbride\x\j + \Iealu\i 'ale-drinking'\c
<hw>bride</hw> \K/brVId/\k\p\In.\i\pa woman on her wedding day and for some time before and after it. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibryd,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>bridegroom</hw> \K/"brVIdgru:m/\k\p\In.\i\pa man on his wedding day and for some time before and after it. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibrydguma\i (as \J\Xbride\x,\j \Iguma\i 'man', assimilated to \J\Xgroom\x)\j\c
<hw>bride price</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAnthropol\i money or goods given to a bride's family by that of the bridegroom, esp. in tribal societies.
<hw>bridesmaid</hw> \K/"brVIdzmeId/\k\p\In.\i\pa girl or unmarried woman attending a bride on her wedding day. \BEtymology:\b \3earlier \Ibridemaid,\i from \J\Xbride\x\j + \J\Xmaid\x\j\c
<hw>bridewell</hw> \K/"brVIdw(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICriminol\i a prison; a reformatory. \BEtymology:\b \3St \IBride's Well\i in London, near which such a building stood\c
<hw>bridge (1)</hw> \K/brIdZ/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p(also \BSc.\b & \BN.Engl.\b \Bbrig\b \K/brIg/\k)\p\B1\b \Ba\b \IEngin\i a structure carrying a road, path, railway, etc., across a stream, ravine, road, railway, etc. \Bb\b anything providing a connection between different things \3(English is a bridge between nations).\c\p\B2\b \INaut\i the superstructure on a ship from which the captain and officers direct operations.\p\B3\b \IAnat\i the upper bony part of the nose.\p\B4\b \IMus.\i an upright piece of wood on a violin etc. over which the strings are stretched.\p\B5\b \IDentistry\i = \J\Xbridgework\x.\j\p\B6\b \IBilliards etc.\i \Ba\b a long stick with a structure at the end which is used to support a cue for a difficult shot. \Bb\b a support for a cue formed by a raised hand.\p\B7\b \IGeog\i = \J\Xland bridge\x.\j \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b be a bridge over \3(a fallen tree bridges the stream).\c \Bb\b make a bridge over; span.\p\B2\b span as if with a bridge \3(bridged their differences with understanding).\c\p\1cross a (or that) bridge when one comes to it\c deal with a problem when and if it arises. \Bbridgeable\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibrycg,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>bridge (2)</hw> \K/brIdZ/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICards\i a card game derived from whist, in which one player's cards are exposed and are played by his or her partner \I(cf.\i \J\Xauction bridge\x,\j \J\Xcontract bridge\x).\j \BEtymology:\b \319th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>bridge-building</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IEngineering\i the activity of building bridges.\p\B2\b \IPolit\i the promotion of friendly relations, esp. between countries. \Bbridge-builder\b\p\In.\i\p\Knew f. SOED, corpus Sep 94\k
<hw>bridgehead</hw> \K/"brIdZhEd/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMil.\i a fortified position held on the enemy's side of a river or other obstacle.
<hw>bridge of asses</hw>\p\In.\i\p= \J\Xpons asinorum\x.\j
<hw>bridge of boats</hw>\p\In.\i\pa bridge formed by mooring boats together abreast across a river etc.
<hw>bridge passage</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMus.\i a transitional section between main themes.
<hw>bridge roll</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ICookery\i a small soft bread roll.
<hw>bridgework</hw> \K/"brIdZw\F'\n:k/\k\p\In.\i\p\IDentistry\i a dental structure used to cover a gap, joined to and supported by the teeth on either side.
<hw>bridging loan</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Besp. Brit.\b \IFinance\i a loan from a bank etc. to cover the short interval between buying a house etc. and selling another.
<hw>bridle</hw> \K/"brVId(\F'\n)l/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \IRiding\i the headgear used to control a horse, consisting of buckled leather straps, a metal bit, and reins. \Bb\b a restraining thing or influence \3(put a bridle on your tongue).\c\p\B2\b \INaut.\i a mooring-cable.\p\B3\b \IAnat.\i a ligament checking the motion of a part.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i put a bridle on (a horse etc.).\p\B2\b \Itr.\i bring under control; curb.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bat,\b \Bup at)\b\i express offence, resentment, etc., esp. by throwing up the head and drawing in the chin. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibridel,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>bridle path</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bbridleway\b \K/"brVId(\F'\n)lweI/\k) \IRiding\i a rough path or road fit only for riders or walkers, not vehicles.\Kbridle-road omitted Aug 93\k
<hw>bridoon</hw> \K/brI"du:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMil Riding\i the snaffle and rein of a military bridle. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ibridon\i from \Ibride\i 'bridle'\c
<hw>Brie</hw> \K/bri:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFood\i a kind of soft cheese. \BEtymology:\b \3\IBrie\i in N. France, where it was originally made\c
<hw>brief</hw> \K/bri:f/\k \Iadj., n., & v.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of short duration.\p\B2\b concise in expression.\p\B3\b abrupt, brusque \3(was rather brief with me).\c\p\B4\b (of clothes) scanty \3(wearing a brief skirt).\c\p\In.\i\p\IClothing\i\p\B1\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i close-fitting legless pants.\Ksense 1a and 1b combined Sept. 94\k\p\B2\b \ILaw\i \Ba\b \BBrit.\b a document instructing a barrister to appear as an advocate in court. \Bb\b \BUS\b a written summary of the facts and legal points supporting one side of a case, for presentation to a court.\Ksense 2a and 2b revised (F. Abate) Oct 94\k\p\B3\b \Besp. Brit.\b instructions given for a task, operation, etc. (originally a bombing plan given to an aircrew).\p\B4\b \IRC Ch.\i a letter from the Pope to a person or community on a matter of discipline. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b \ILaw\i instruct (a barrister) by brief.\p\B2\b instruct (an employee, a participant, etc.) in preparation for a task; inform or instruct thoroughly in advance \3(briefed him for the interview)\c \I(cf.\i \J\Xdebrief\x).\j\p\1be brief\c use few words.\p\1hold a brief for\c\p\B1\b argue in favour of.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b be retained as counsel for.\p\1in brief\c in short. \Bbriefly\b \Iadv.\i \Bbriefness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Anglo-French \Ibref,\i Old French \Ibrief,\i from Latin \Ibrevis\i 'short'\c
<hw>briefcase</hw> \K/"bri:fkeIs/\k\p\In.\i\pa flat rectangular case for carrying documents etc.
<hw>briefing</hw> \K/"bri:fIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a meeting for giving information or instructions.\p\B2\b the information or instructions given; a brief.\p\B3\b the action of informing or instructing.
<hw>briefless</hw> \K/"bri:flIs/\k \Iadj.\i \BBrit.\b \ILaw\i (of a barrister) having no clients.
<hw>brier (1)</hw> \K/"brVI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bbriar)\b \IBot\i any prickly bush esp. of a wild rose. \Bbriery\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibrµr,\i \Ibrer,\i of unknown origin\c
<hw>brier (2)</hw> \K/"brVI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bbriar)\b \IBot\i\p\B1\b a white heath, Erica arborea, native to S. Europe.\p\B2\b a tobacco pipe made from its root. \BEtymology:\b \319th-c. \Ibruyer\i from French \IbruyΦre\i 'heath'\c
<hw>brier rose</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i dog rose.
<hw>Brig.</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IMil\i Brigadier.
<hw>brig (1)</hw> \K/brIg/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \INaut\i a two-masted square-rigged ship, with an additional lower fore-and-aft sail on the gaff and a boom to the mainmast.\p\B2\b \IMil Criminol\i \Islang\i a prison, esp. on a warship. \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation of \J\Xbrigantine\x\j\c
<hw>brigade</hw> \K/brI"geId/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMil.\i \Ba\b a subdivision of an army. \Bb\b a British infantry unit consisting usu. of three battalions and forming part of a division. \Bc\b a corresponding armoured unit.\p\B2\b an organized or uniformed band of workers \3(fire brigade).\c\p\B3\b \Icolloq.\i a group of people with a characteristic in common \3(the couldn't-care-less brigade).\c \Iv.tr.\i form into a brigade. \BEtymology:\b \3French from Italian \Ibrigata\i 'company', from \Ibrigare\i 'be busy with', from \Ibriga\i 'strife'\c
<hw>brigadier</hw> \K/brIg\F'\n"dI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IMil.\i\p\B1\b an officer commanding a brigade.\p\B2\b \Ba\b a staff officer of similar standing, above a colonel and below a major general. \Bb\b the titular rank granted to such an officer. \BEtymology:\b \3French (as \J\Xbrigade\x,\j \J\X-ier\x)\j\c
<hw>brigadier general</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i an officer ranking next above colonel in the US army, air force, and marine corps.
<hw>brigalow</hw> \K/"brIg\F'\nl\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\BAustral.\b \IBot\i any of various acacia trees, esp. Acacia harpophylla. \BEtymology:\b \3Aboriginal, perhaps Kamilaroi \Iburriigal\i\c
<hw>brigand</hw> \K/"brIg(\F'\n)nd/\k\p\In.\i\pa member of a robber band living by pillage and ransom, usu. in wild terrain. \Bbrigandage\b\p\In.\i\p\Bbrigandry\b\p\In.\i\p\K-ish and -ism omitted f. COD9 Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Italian \Ibrigante,\i from \Ibrigare:\i see \J\Xbrigade\x\j\c
<hw>brigantine</hw> \K/"brIg(\F'\n)nti:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\INaut\i a two-masted sailing ship with a square-rigged foremast and a fore-and-aft-rigged mainmast. \BEtymology:\b \3in earlier use, a small vessel used by pirates: Old French \Ibrigandine\i or Italian \Ibrigantino\i from \Ibrigante\i \J\Xbrigand\x\j\c
<hw>bright</hw> \K/brVIt/\k \Iadj., adv., & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b emitting or reflecting much light; shining.\p\B2\b (of colour) intense, vivid.\p\B3\b clever, talented, quick-witted \3(a bright idea;\c \2a bright child).\c\p\B4\b cheerful, vivacious. \Iadv.\i \Iesp. poet.\i brightly \3(the moon shone bright).\c\p\In.\i\p\I(in \Bpl.)\b\i\p\B1\b \IFashion\i bright colours.\p\B2\b \BN. Amer.\b \IMotoring\i headlights switched to full beam.\Knoun new f. corpus, incomings Oct 93\k\p\1bright and early\c very early in the morning.\p\1bright-eyed and bushy-tailed\c \Icolloq.\i alert and sprightly.\p\1look on the bright side\c be optimistic. \Bbrightish\b \Iadj.\i \Bbrightly\b \Iadv.\i \Bbrightness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibeorht,\i \I(adv.)\i \Ibeorhte,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>brighten</hw> \K/"brVIt(\F'\n)n/\k \Iv.tr. & intr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bup)\b\i\p\B1\b make or become brighter.\p\B2\b make or become more cheerful.
<hw>bright lights</hw> \In.pl.\i \I(prec. by \Bthe)\b\i the glamour and excitement of the city.
<hw>Bright's disease</hw> \K/"brVIts dI%zi:z/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i nephritis. \BEtymology:\b \3R. \IBright,\i English physician d. 1858\c
<hw>bright spark</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Icolloq.\i a witty, lively, or intelligent person.\Korig. as variant at spark Sept 94\k
<hw>brill (1)</hw> \K/brIl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a European flatfish, Scophthalmus rhombus, resembling a turbot. \BEtymology:\b \315th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>brilliance</hw> \K/"brIlj(\F'\n)ns/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bbrilliancy\b \K/-\F'\nnsi/\k)\p\B1\b great brightness; sparkling or radiant quality.\p\B2\b outstanding talent or intelligence.
<hw>brilliant</hw> \K/"brIlj(\F'\n)nt/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b very bright; sparkling.\p\B2\b outstandingly talented or intelligent.\p\B3\b showy; outwardly impressive.\p\B4\b \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i excellent, superb.\p\In.\i\p\IMineral\i a diamond of the finest cut with many facets. \Bbrilliantly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ibrillant,\i part. of \Ibriller\i 'shine', from Italian \Ibrillare,\i probably from Latin \Iberyllus\i \J\Xberyl\x\j\c
<hw>brilliantine</hw> \K/"brIlj(\F'\n)nti:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IHairdressing\i an oily liquid dressing for making the hair glossy.\p\B2\b \BUS\b \ITextiles\i a lustrous dress fabric. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ibrillantine\i (as \J\Xbrilliant\x)\j\c
<hw>brim</hw> \K/brIm/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the edge or lip of a cup or other vessel, or of a hollow.\p\B2\b the projecting edge of a hat. \Iv.tr. & intr.\i \B(brimmed,\b \Bbrimming)\b fill or be full to the brim.\p\Bbrim over\b overflow. \Bbrimless\b \Iadj.\i \Bbrimmed\b \Iadj.\i \I(usu. in \Bcomb.).\b\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English \Ibrimme,\i of unknown origin\c
<hw>brim-full</hw> \Iadj.\i (also \Bbrimful)\b \I(often foll. by \Bof)\b\i filled to the brim.
<hw>brimstone</hw> \K/"brImst(\F'\n)n/, /-st\F'\nUn/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Iarchaic\i \IChem\i the element sulphur.\p\B2\b \IZool\i a butterfly, Gonepteryx rhamni, or moth, Opisthograptis luteolata, having yellow wings. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English probably from Old English \Ibryne\i 'burning' + \J\Xstone\x\j\c
<hw>brindled</hw> \K/"brInd(\F'\n)ld/\k \Iadj.\i (also \Bbrindle)\b brownish or tawny with streaks of other colour (esp. of domestic animals). \BEtymology:\b \3earlier \Ibrinded,\i \Ibrended\i from \Ibrend,\i perhaps of Scandinavian origin\c
<hw>brine</hw> \K/brVIn/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b water saturated or strongly impregnated with salt.\p\B2\b sea water. \Iv.tr.\i soak in or saturate with brine. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibrine,\i of unknown origin\c
<hw>brine shrimp</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a small crustacean of the genus \IArtemia,\i inhabiting salt lakes etc. and used as food for aquarium fish.\Knew f. OERD May 94\k
<hw>bring</hw> \K/brIN/\k \Iv.tr.\i \I(past\i and \Ipast part.\i \Bbrought\b \K/brO:t/\k)\p\B1\b \Ba\b come conveying esp. by carrying or leading. \Bb\b come with.\p\B2\b cause to come or be present \3(what brings you here?).\c\p\B3\b cause or result in \3(war brings misery).\c\p\B4\b be sold for; produce as income.\p\B5\b \ILaw\i \Ba\b prefer (a charge). \Bb\b initiate (legal action).\p\B6\b cause to become or to reach a particular state \3(brings me alive).\c\p\B7\b adduce (evidence, an argument, etc.).\p\Bbring about\b\p\B1\b cause to happen.\p\B2\b turn (a ship) around.\p\Bbring back\b call to mind.\p\Bbring down\b\p\B1\b cause to fall.\p\B2\b lower (a price).\p\B3\b \Islang\i make unhappy or less happy.\p\B4\b \Icolloq.\i damage the reputation of; demean.\p\Bbring forth\b\p\B1\b produce, emit, cause.\p\B2\b give birth to.\p\Bbring forward\b\p\B1\b move to an earlier date or time.\p\B2\b transfer from the previous page or account.\p\B3\b draw attention to; adduce.\p\1bring home to\c cause to realize fully \3(brought home to me that I was wrong).\c\p\1bring the house down\c \ITheatr\i receive rapturous applause.\p\Bbring in\b\p\B1\b introduce (legislation, a custom, fashion, topic, etc.).\p\B2\b yield as income or profit.\p\Bbring into play\b cause to operate; activate.\p\Bbring low\b\p\B1\b overcome; deject.\p\B2\b humiliate.\Ksense 2 new f. OERD May 94\k\p\Bbring off\b achieve successfully.\p\Bbring on\b\p\B1\b cause to happen or appear.\p\B2\b accelerate the progress of.\p\Bbring out\b\p\B1\b emphasize; make evident.\p\B2\b publish.\p\Bbring over\b convert to one's own side.\p\Bbring round\b (or \BUS\b \Baround)\b\p\B1\b \IMed\i restore to consciousness.\p\B2\b persuade.\p\Bbring through\b aid (a person) through adversity, esp. illness.\p\Bbring to\b\p\B1\b restore to consciousness \3(brought him to).\c\p\B2\b check the motion of.\p\1bring to bear\c \I(usu. foll. by \Bon)\b\i direct and concentrate (forces).\p\1bring to light\c \Isee\i \J\Xlight\x (1).\j\Kcross-ref. standardized with come to light Oct 94\k\p\1bring to mind\c recall; cause one to remember.\p\1bring to pass\c cause to happen.\p\Bbring under\b subdue.\p\Bbring up\b\p\B1\b rear (a child).\p\B2\b vomit, regurgitate.\p\B3\b call attention to.\p\B4\b \I\B(absol.)\b\i stop suddenly.\p\1bring upon oneself\c be responsible for (something one suffers). \Bbringer\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibringan,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>bring-and-buy sale</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b a charity sale at which participants bring items for sale and buy what is brought by others.
<hw>brinjal</hw> \K/"brIndZO:l/\k\p\In.\i\p\I\BInd.\b\BAfr.\bBot\i (in India and Africa) an aubergine. \BEtymology:\b \3ultimately from Portuguese \Iberinjela\i from Arabic (as \J\Xaubergine\x)\j\c
<hw>brink</hw> \K/brINk/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IGeog\i the extreme edge of land before a precipice, river, etc., esp. when a sudden drop follows.\p\B2\b the furthest point before something dangerous or exciting is discovered.\p\1on the brink of\c about to experience or suffer; in imminent danger of. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old Norse: origin unknown\c
<hw>brinkmanship</hw> \K/"brINkm\F'\nnSIp/\k\p\In.\i\pthe art or policy of pursuing a dangerous course to the brink of catastrophe before desisting, esp in politics.
<hw>briny</hw> \K/"brVIni/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \INaut\i \Iadj.\i of brine or the sea; salty.\p\In.\i\p\I(prec. by \Bthe)\b\i \BBrit.\b \Islang\i the sea. \Bbrininess\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>brioche</hw> \K/bri:"QS/, /"bri:QS/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i a small rounded sweet roll made with a light yeast dough. \BEtymology:\b \3French\c
<hw>briquette</hw> \K/brI"kEt/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bbriquet)\b a block of compressed coal dust used as fuel. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ibriquette,\i diminutive of \Ibrique\i 'brick'\c
<hw>brisket</hw> \K/"brIskIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i an animal's breast, esp. as a joint of meat. \BEtymology:\b \3Anglo-French from Old French \Ibruschet,\i perhaps from Old Norse\c
<hw>brisling</hw> \K/"brIslIN/, /"brIz-/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i same or \Bbrislings)\b \IZool\i a small herring or sprat. \BEtymology:\b \3Norwegian & Danish, = sprat\c
<hw>bristle</hw> \K/"brIs(\F'\n)l/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a short stiff hair, esp. one of those on an animal's back.\p\B2\b such hairs, or a man-made substitute, used in clumps to make a brush.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \Iintr.\i (of the hair) stand upright, esp. in anger or pride. \Bb\b \Itr.\i make (the hair) do this.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i show irritation or defensiveness.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bwith)\b\i be covered or abundant (in) \3(pages bristling with images).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English \Ibristel,\i \Ibrestel\i from Old English \Ibyrst\i\c
<hw>bristlecone pine</hw> \K/"brIs(\F'\n)lk\F'\nUn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a very long-lived shrubby pine of western N. America, Pinus aristata, used in dendrochronology.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k
<hw>bristletail</hw> \K/"brIs(\F'\n)lteIl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a small primitive wingless insect of the order Thysanura or Diplura, with three or two terminal bristles respectively, e.g. a silverfish.
<hw>bristly</hw> \K/"brIsli/\k \Iadj.\i full of bristles; rough, prickly.
<hw>Bristol board</hw> \K/"brIst(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\IArt\i a kind of fine smooth pasteboard for drawing on. \BEtymology:\b \3\IBristol\i in S. England\c
<hw>Bristol fashion</hw> \K/"brIst(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p(functioning as \Ipredic.adj.)\i (in full \Bshipshape and Bristol fashion)\b \BBrit.\b \Iorig. Naut.\i with all in good order.
<hw>bristols</hw> \K/"brIst(\F'\n)lz/\k \In.pl.\i \BBrit.\b \IAnat\i \Islang\i a woman's breasts. \BEtymology:\b \3rhyming slang from \IBristol Cities\i = \Ititties\i\c
<hw>Brit</hw> \K/brIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPeople\i \Icolloq.\i a British person. \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation\c
<hw>Britannia</hw> \K/brI"tanj\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pthe personification of Britain, esp. as a helmeted woman with shield and trident. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin from Greek \IBrettania,\i from \IBrettanoi,\i 'Britons'\c
<hw>Britannia metal</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMetallurgy\i a silvery alloy of tin, antimony, and copper.
<hw>Britannia silver</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMetallurgy\i silver that is at least 95.8 per cent pure.\Knew from SOED Sept 94\k
<hw>Britannic</hw> \K/brI"tanIk/\k \Iadj.\i (esp. in \BHis (or Her) Britannic Majesty)\b of Britain. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \IBritannicus\i (as \J\XBritannia\x)\j\c
<hw>Briticism</hw> \K/"brItIsIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \BBritishism\b \K/-SIz(\F'\n)m/\k) \ILinguistics\i an idiom used only in Britain. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\XBritish\x,\j on the pattern of \J\XGallicism\x\j\c
<hw>British</hw> \K/"brItIS/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of or relating to Great Britain or the United Kingdom, or to its people or language.\p\B2\b of the British Commonwealth or (formerly) the British Empire \3(British subject).\c\p\In.\i\p\I(prec. by \Bthe;\b\i \Itreated as \Bpl.)\b\i \IPeople\i the British people.\Ksense British English omitted Aug 93\k \BBritishness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \IBrettisc\i etc. from \IBret\i 'Briton', from Latin \IBritto\i or its Celtic equivalent\c
<hw>British English</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ILanguage\i English as used in Great Britain, as distinct from that used elsewhere.
<hw>Britisher</hw> \K/"brItIS\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPeople\i a British subject.
<hw>British Legion</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i = \J\XRoyal British Legion\x.\j
<hw>British Summer Time</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IHorol\i time as advanced one hour ahead of Greenwich Mean Time for daylight saving between March and October.
<hw>British thermal unit</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ISci\i the amount of heat needed to raise 1 lb of water at maximum density through one degree Fahrenheit, equivalent to 1.055 ╫ 103 joules.
<hw>Briton</hw> \K/"brIt(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPeople\i\p\B1\b one of the people of southern Britain before the Roman conquest.\p\B2\b a native or inhabitant of Great Britain or (formerly) of the British Empire. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English & Old French \IBreton,\i from Latin \IBritto -onis\i or its Celtic equivalent\c
<hw>brittle</hw> \K/"brIt(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i hard and fragile; apt to break.\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i a brittle sweet made from nuts and set melted sugar. \Bbrittlely\b \Iadv.\i \Bbrittleness\b\p\In.\i\p\Kbrittly omitted Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, ultimately from a Germanic root related to Old English \Ibreotan\i 'break up'\c
<hw>brittle-bone disease</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IMed\i\p\B1\b = \J\Xosteoporosis\x.\j\p\B2\b a hereditary condition causing extreme fragility of the bones.
<hw>brittle-star</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i an echinoderm of the class Ophiuroidea, with long flexible arms radiating from a small central body.
<hw>broach</hw> \K/br\F'\nUtS/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i raise (a subject) for discussion.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \IDrink\i pierce (a cask) to draw liquor.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i open and start using the contents of (a box, bale, bottle, etc.).\p\B4\b \Itr.\i \IDrink\i begin drawing (liquor).\p\B5\b \Iintr. & tr.\i \INaut\i veer or cause (a ship) to veer and present a side to the wind and waves.\Ksense 5 new f. corpus, SOED, COD box May 94\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ICarpentry\i a bit for boring.\p\B2\b \ICookery\i a roasting-spit. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ibroche\i \I(n.),\i \Ibrocher\i \I(v.),\i ultimately from Latin \Ibrocc(h)us\i 'projecting'\c
<hw>broach spire</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IArchit Relig\i an octagonal church spire rising from a square tower without a parapet.
<hw>broad</hw> \K/brO:d/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b large in extent from one side to the other; wide.\p\B2\b (following a measurement) in breadth \3(2 metres broad).\c\p\B3\b spacious or extensive \3(broad acres;\c \2a broad plain).\c\p\B4\b full and clear \3(broad daylight).\c\p\B5\b explicit, unmistakable \3(broad hint).\c\p\B6\b general; not taking account of detail \3(broad intentions;\c \2a broad inquiry;\c \2in the broadest sense of the word).\c\p\B7\b (of speech) markedly regional \3(broad Scots).\c\p\B8\b chief or principal \3(the broad facts).\c\p\B9\b tolerant, liberal; widely inclusive \3(take a broad view).\c\p\B10\b somewhat coarse \3(broad humour).\c\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the broad part of something \3(broad of the back).\c\p\B2\b \BN. Amer.\b \Islang\i \Ioffens.\i a woman.\p\B3\b \B(the Broads)\b \BBrit.\b \IGeog\i large areas of fresh water in E. Anglia, formed where rivers widen. \Bbroadness\b\p\In.\i\p\Bbroadways\b \Iadv.\i \Bbroadwise\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibrad,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>broad arrow</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICriminol\i a mark formerly used on British prison clothing and other Government stores.
<hw>broadband</hw> \K/"brO:dband/\k \Iattrib.adj.\i \IBroadcasting\i relating to or using signals over a broad range of frequencies, esp. in high-capacity telecommunications.\Knew f. Incomings, corpus May 94\k
<hw>broad bean</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b a kind of bean, Vicia faba, with pods containing large edible flat seeds.\p\B2\b one of these seeds.
<hw>broad-brush</hw> \Iattrib.adj.\i as if painted with a broad brush; general; lacking in detail \3(adopted a broad-brush approach).\c\Knew word in COD9 f. News Aug 93\k
<hw>broadcast</hw> \K/"brO:dkA:st/\k \Iv., n., adj., & adv.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\I(past\i \Bbroadcast\b and \Ipast part.\i \Bbroadcast\b or \Bbroadcasted)\b\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b \IBroadcasting\i transmit (programmes or information) by radio or television. \Bb\b disseminate (information) widely.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \IBroadcasting\i undertake or take part in a radio or television transmission.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i scatter (seed etc.) over a large area, esp. by hand.\p\In.\i\p\IBroadcasting\i a radio or television programme or transmission. \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IBroadcasting\i transmitted by radio or television.\p\B2\b \Ba\b scattered widely. \Bb\b (of information etc.) widely disseminated. \Iadv.\i over a large area. \Bbroadcaster\b\p\In.\i\p\Bbroadcasting\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbroad\x\j + \J\Xcast\x\j \Ipast part.\i\c
<hw>Broad Church</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IRelig\i a group within the Anglican Church favouring a liberal interpretation of doctrine.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b any group allowing its members a wide range of opinion.\Ksense 2 new in COD9 f. NSOED, corpus Aug 93\k
<hw>broadcloth</hw> \K/"brO:dklQT/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITextiles\i a fine cloth of wool, cotton, or silk. \BEtymology:\b \3originally with reference to width and quality\c
<hw>broaden</hw> \K/"brO:d(\F'\n)n/\k \Iv.tr. & intr.\i make or become broader.
<hw>broad gauge</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IRailways\i a railway track with a gauge wider than the standard one.
<hw>broadleaved</hw> \K/brO:d"li:vd/\k \Iadj.\i \IBot\i (of a tree) having relatively broad flat leaves rather than needles; non-coniferous. \Bbroadleaf\b \In. & attrib.adj.\i\Kbroadleaf new in COD9 f. NSOED, News Aug 93\k
<hw>broadloom</hw> \K/"brO:dlu:m/\k \Iadj.\i \ITextiles\i (esp. of carpet) woven in broad widths.
<hw>broadly</hw> \K/"brO:dli/\k \Iadv.\i in a broad manner; widely \3(grinned broadly).\c\p\1broadly speaking\c disregarding minor exceptions.
<hw>broad-minded</hw> \K/brO:d"mVIndId/\k \Iadj.\i tolerant or liberal in one's views. \Bbroad-mindedly\b \Iadv.\i \Bbroad-mindedness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>broad pennant</hw>\p\In.\i\p\INaut\i a short swallow-tailed pennant distinguishing the commodore's ship in a squadron.
<hw>broadsheet</hw> \K/"brO:dSi:t/\k\p\In.\i\p\IJournalism\i\p\B1\b a large sheet of paper printed on one side only, esp. with information.\p\B2\b a newspaper with a large format.
<hw>broadside</hw> \K/"brO:dsVId/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \INaut\i the firing of all guns from one side of a ship.\p\B2\b a vigorous verbal onslaught.\p\B3\b \INaut\i the side of a ship above the water between the bow and quarter. \Iv.tr.\i \BN. Amer.\b \IMotoring\i collide with the side of (a vehicle etc.).\Kv. new f. Kpb, Inc., Sept 94\k\p\1broadside on\c sideways on.
<hw>broad spectrum</hw> \Iadj.\i \IPharm\i (of a medicinal substance) effective against a large variety of micro-organisms.
<hw>broadsword</hw> \K/"brO:dsO:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i a sword with a broad blade, for cutting rather than thrusting.
<hw>broadtail</hw> \K/"brO:dteIl/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool\i the karakul sheep.\p\B2\b \ITextiles\i the fleece or wool from its lamb.
<hw>broadway</hw> \K/"brO:dweI/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMotoring Transport\i a large open or main road.
<hw>brocade</hw> \K/br\F'\n"keId/\k \In. & v.\i \ITextiles\i\p\In.\i\pa rich fabric with a silky finish woven with a raised pattern, and often with gold or silver thread. \Iv.tr.\i weave with this design. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish & Portuguese \Ibrocado\i from Italian \Ibroccato,\i from \Ibrocco\i 'twisted thread'\c
<hw>broccoli</hw> \K/"brQk\F'\nli/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b a variety of cabbage, similar to the cauliflower, with a loose cluster of greenish flower buds.\p\B2\b the flower stalk and head used as a vegetable. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian, pl. of \Ibroccolo,\i diminutive of \Ibrocco\i 'sprout'\c
<hw>broch</hw> \K/brQk/, /brQx/\k\p\In.\i\p\I\BSc\bArchaeol\i (in Scotland) a prehistoric circular stone tower. \BEtymology:\b \3alteration of \J\Xburgh\x:\j cf. Old Norse \Iborg\i 'castle'\c
<hw>brochette</hw> \K/brQ"SEt/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i a skewer on which chunks of meat are cooked, esp. over an open fire. \BEtymology:\b \3French, diminutive of \Ibroche\i \J\Xbroach\x\j\c
<hw>brochure</hw> \K/"br\F'\nUS\F'\n/, /brQ"SU\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pa pamphlet or leaflet, esp. one giving descriptive information. \BEtymology:\b \3French, literally 'a stitched work', from \Ibrocher\i 'stitch'\c
<hw>brock</hw> \K/brQk/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IZool\i (esp. in rural use) a badger. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibroc(c),\i of Celtic origin: cf. Welsh \Ibroch,\i Irish, Gaelic \Ibroc\i\c
<hw>Brocken spectre</hw> \K/"brQk(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeog\i a magnified shadow of the observer, often surrounded by rainbow-like bands, thrown on to a bank of cloud in high mountain areas when the sun is low. \BEtymology:\b \3\IBrocken,\i the highest of the Harz Mountains in Germany, where it was first reported\c\Kdef. moved from Spectre of the Brocken Sept 94\k
<hw>brocket</hw> \K/"brQkIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i any small deer of the genus \IMazama,\i native to Central and S. America, having short straight antlers. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Anglo-French \Ibroque,\i variant of \Ibroche\i \J\Xbroach\x\j\c
<hw>broderie anglaise</hw> \K/%br\F'\nUd(\F'\n)rI QN"gleIz/\k\p\In.\i\p\INeedlework\i open embroidery on white linen or cambric, esp. in floral patterns. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = English embroidery\c
<hw>brogue (1)</hw> \K/br\F'\nUg/\k\p\In.\i\p\IClothing\i\p\B1\b a strong outdoor shoe with ornamental perforated bands.\p\B2\b a rough shoe of untanned leather. \BEtymology:\b \3Gaelic & Irish \Ibrog\i from Old Norse \Ibr≤k\i\c
<hw>brogue (2)</hw> \K/br\F'\nUg/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILinguistics\i a marked accent, esp. Irish. \BEtymology:\b \318th c.: origin unknown: perhaps allusively from \J\Xbrogue\x (1),\j referring to the rough footwear of Irish peasants\c
<hw>broil (1)</hw> \K/brOIl/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\Besp. N. Amer.\b\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \ICookery\i cook (meat) on a rack or a gridiron.\p\B2\b \Itr. & intr.\i make or become very hot, esp. from the sun. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ibruler\i 'burn' from Romanic\c
<hw>broiler</hw> \K/"brOIl\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ICookery\i a young chicken raised for broiling or roasting.\p\B2\b \BN. Amer.\b a gridiron etc. for broiling.\p\B3\b \Icolloq.\i a very hot day.
<hw>broiler house</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b a building for rearing broiler chickens in close confinement.
<hw>broke</hw> \K/br\F'\nUk/\k \I\Ipast\i of\i \J\Xbreak\x (1).\j \Ipredic.adj.\i \Icolloq.\i having no money; financially ruined.\p\1go for broke\c \Islang\i risk everything in an all-out effort. \BEtymology:\b \3\I(adj.)\i archaic past part. of \J\Xbreak\x (1)\j\c
<hw>broken</hw> \K/"br\F'\nUk(\F'\n)n/\k \I\Ipast part.\i of\i \J\Xbreak\x (1).\j \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b that has been broken; out of order.\p\B2\b (of a person) reduced to despair; defeated.\p\B3\b (of a language or of speech) spoken falteringly and with many mistakes, as by a foreigner \3(broken English).\c\p\B4\b disturbed, interrupted \3(broken time).\c\p\B5\b uneven \3(broken ground).\c \Bbrokenly\b \Iadv.\i \Bbrokenness\b \K/"br\F'\nUk(\F'\n)nnIs/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>broken chord</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMus.\i a chord in which the notes are played successively.
<hw>broken-down</hw> \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b worn out by age, use, or ill-treatment.\p\B2\b not functioning.
<hw>broken-hearted</hw> \Iadj.\i overwhelmed with sorrow or grief. \Bbroken-heartedness\b\p\In.\i\p\Kbroken-heartedness subsumed Aug 92 aaw\k
<hw>broken home</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ISociol\i a family in which the parents are divorced or separated.
<hw>broken reed</hw>\p\In.\i\pa person who has become unreliable or ineffective.
<hw>broken wind</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IRiding\i a chronic disabling condition of a horse due to ruptured air-cells in the lungs. \Bbroken-winded\b \Iadj.\i
<hw>broker</hw> \K/"br\F'\nUk\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ICommerce\i an agent who buys and sells for others; a middleman.\p\B2\b \IStock Exch\i a member of the Stock Exchange dealing in stocks and shares.\p\B3\b \BBrit.\b \ILaw\i an official appointed to sell or appraise distrained goods. \Iv.tr.\i act as intermediary with respect to. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Anglo-French \Ibrocour,\i of unknown origin\c The term \Ibroker\i in sense 2 was officially replaced in the UK by \Ibroker-dealer\i in 1986, broker-dealers being entitled to act both as agents and principals in share dealings.
<hw>brokerage</hw> \K/"br\F'\nUk(\F'\n)rIdZ/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i\p\B1\b the action or service of a broker.\p\B2\b a company providing such a service.\Knew f. OERD Sept 94\k\p\B3\b a broker's fee or commission.\Ksense 1 new f. CanCod Dec 94\k
<hw>broker-dealer</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IStock Exch\i a person combining the former functions of a broker and jobber on the Stock Exchange.\Knew as hwd f. SOED Sept 94\k
<hw>broking</hw> \K/"br\F'\nUkIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ICommerce\i the business of a broker.
<hw>brolga</hw> \K/"brQlg\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BAustral.\b \IZool\i a large Australian crane, Grus rubicunda, with a booming call. \BEtymology:\b \3Kamilaroi (and other Aboriginal languages) \Iburralga)\i\c
<hw>brolly</hw> \K/"brQli/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \BBrit.\b\p\B1\b \Icolloq.\i an umbrella.\p\B2\b \Islang\i a parachute. \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation\c
<hw>bromate</hw> \K/"br\F'\nUmeIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i a salt or ester of bromic acid.
<hw>brome</hw> \K/br\F'\nUm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i any oatlike grass of the genus \IBromus,\i having slender stems with flowering spikes. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \IBromus\i from Greek \Ibromos\i 'oat'\c
<hw>bromelia</hw> \K/br\F'\n"mi:lI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bbromeliad\b \K/-lIad/\k) \IBot\i any plant of the family Bromeliaceae (esp. of the genus \IBromelia),\i native to the New World, having short stems with rosettes of stiff usu. spiny leaves, e.g. pineapple. \BEtymology:\b \3O. \IBromel,\i Swedish botanist d. 1705\c
<hw>bromic</hw> \K/"br\F'\nUmIk/\k \Iadj.\i \IChem.\i of or containing bromine.
<hw>bromic acid</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i a strong acid used as an oxidizing agent.
<hw>bromide</hw> \K/"br\F'\nUmVId/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IChem.\i any compound of bromine with another element or group.\p\B2\b \IPharm.\i a preparation of usu. potassium bromide, used as a sedative.\p\B3\b a trite remark.\p\B4\b \BBrit.\b \IPrinting\i a reproduction or proof on bromide paper.\Ksense 4 new in COD9 f. NSOED, POD Aug 93\k
<hw>bromide paper</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhotog\i a photographic printing paper coated with silver bromide emulsion.
<hw>bromine</hw> \K/"br\F'\nUmi:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i a dark fuming liquid element with a choking irritating smell, extracted from bittern and used in the manufacture of chemicals for photography and medicine (symbol \BBr).\b\Ksymb\k \Bbromism\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Ibrome\i from Greek \Ibromos\i 'stink'\c
<hw>bronchial</hw> \K/"brQNkI\F'\nl/\k \Iadj.\i \IAnat\i of or relating to the bronchi or bronchioles.
<hw>bronchial tree</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAnat\i the branching system of bronchi and bronchioles conducting air from the windpipe into the lungs.
<hw>bronchiole</hw> \K/"brQNkI\F'\nUl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnat\i any of the minute divisions of a bronchus. \Bbronchiolar\b \K/-"\F'\nUl\F'\n/\k \Iadj.\i
<hw>bronchitis</hw> \K/brQN"kVItIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i inflammation of the mucous membrane in the bronchial tubes. \Bbronchitic\b \K/-"kItIk/\k \Iadj. & n.\i
<hw>bronchodilator</hw> \K/%brQNk\F'\nUdVI"leIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a substance which causes widening of the bronchi, used esp. to alleviate asthma.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k
<hw>bronchopneumonia</hw> \K/%brQNk\F'\nUnju:"m\F'\nUnI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i inflammation of the lungs, arising in the bronchi or bronchioles.
<hw>bronchoscope</hw> \K/"brQNk\F'\nsk\F'\nUp/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a usu. fibre-optic instrument for inspecting the bronchi. \Bbronchoscopy\b \K/-"kQsk\F'\npi/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>bronchus</hw> \K/"brQNk\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bbronchi\b \K/-kVI/\k) \IAnat\i any of the major air passages of the lungs, esp. either of the two main divisions of the windpipe. \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin from Greek \Ibrogkhos,\i 'windpipe'\c
<hw>bronco</hw> \K/"brQNk\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b \IRiding\i a wild or half-tamed horse of the western US. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish, = rough\c
<hw>broncobuster</hw> \K/"brQNk\F'\nU%bVst\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BUS\b \Islang\i a person who breaks in horses.
<hw>brontosaurus</hw> \K/brQnt\F'\n"sO:r\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bbrontosaur\b \K/"brQnt\F'\nsO:/\k) \IZool\i = \J\Xapatosaurus\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3former genus name, from Greek \Ibronte\i 'thunder' + \Isauros\i 'lizard'\c
<hw>bronze</hw> \K/brQnz/\k \In., adj., & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IChem\i an alloy of copper with up to one-third tin.\p\B2\b its brownish colour.\p\B3\b \IArt\i a thing made of bronze, esp. as a work of art. \Iadj.\i made of or coloured like bronze.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i give a surface of bronze or resembling bronze to.\p\B2\b \Itr. & intr.\i make or become brown; tan. \Bbronzy\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French from Italian \Ibronzo,\i probably from Persian \Ibirinj\i 'copper'\c
<hw>Bronze Age</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IArchaeol.\i the period preceding the Iron Age, when weapons and tools were usu. made of bronze.
<hw>bronze medal</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ISport\i a bronze-coloured medal, usu. awarded as third prize.
<hw>brooch</hw> \K/br\F'\nUtS/\k\p\In.\i\p\IJewellery\i an ornament fastened to clothing with a hinged pin. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English \Ibroche\i = \J\Xbroach\x\p\In.\i\p\j\c
<hw>brood</hw> \K/bru:d/\k \In. & v.\i \IZool\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the young of an animal (esp. a bird) produced at one hatching or birth.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i the children in a family.\p\B3\b a group of related things.\p\B4\b bee or wasp larvae.\p\B5\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i kept for breeding \3(brood mare).\c\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bon,\b \Bover,\b etc.)\i worry or ponder (esp. resentfully).\p\B2\b \Ba\b \Iintr.\i sit as a hen on eggs to hatch them. \Bb\b \Itr.\i sit on (eggs) to hatch them.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bover)\b\i (of silence, a storm, etc.) hang or hover closely. \Bbroodingly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibrod\i from Germanic: related to \J\Xbreed\x\j\c
<hw>brooder</hw> \K/"bru:d\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IAgriculture\i a heated house for chicks, piglets, etc.\p\B2\b a person who broods.
<hw>broody</hw> \K/"bru:di/\k \Iadj.\i \B(broodier,\b \Bbroodiest)\b\p\B1\b (of a hen) wanting to brood.\p\B2\b sullenly thoughtful or depressed.\p\B3\b \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i (of a woman) wanting to have a baby. \Bbroodily\b \Iadv.\i \Bbroodiness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>brook (1)</hw> \K/brUk/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeog\i a small stream. \Bbrooklet\b \K/-lIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibroc,\i of unknown origin\c
<hw>brook (2)</hw> \K/brUk/\k \Iv.tr.\i \I(usu. with \Bneg.)\b\i \Iformal\i tolerate, allow. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibrucan\i from Germanic\c
<hw>brooklime</hw> \K/"brUklVIm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a kind of speedwell, Veronica beccabunga, growing in wet areas. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbrook\x (1)\j + Old English \Ihleomoce,\i name of the plant\c
<hw>brookweed</hw> \K/"brUkwi:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a small white-flowered plant, Samolus valerandi, of the primrose family, growing in wet ground.
<hw>broom</hw> \K/bru:m/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a long-handled brush of bristles, twigs, etc. for sweeping (originally one made of twigs of broom).\p\B2\b \IBot\i any of various shrubs, esp. Cytisus scoparius, bearing bright yellow flowers. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibrom,\i from the Germanic base of \J\Xbramble\x\j\c
<hw>broomrape</hw> \K/"bru:mreIp/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a parasitic plant of the genus \IOrobanche,\i with tubular flowers on a leafless brown stem, and living on the roots of broom and similar plants. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbroom\x\j + Latin \Irapum,\i 'tuber'\c
<hw>broomstick</hw> \K/"bru:mstIk/\k\p\In.\i\pthe handle of a broom, esp. as allegedly ridden through the air by witches.
<hw>Bros.</hw> \Iabbr.\i \ICommerce\i Brothers (esp. in the name of a firm).
<hw>brose</hw> \K/br\F'\nUz/\k\p\In.\i\p\Besp. Sc.\b \ICookery\i a dish of oatmeal with boiling water or milk poured on it. \BEtymology:\b \3Scots form of \Ibrewis\i 'broth': Middle English from Old French \Ibro(u)ez,\i ultimately from Germanic\c
<hw>broth</hw> \K/brQT/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ICookery\i \Ba\b a thin soup of meat or fish stock. \Bb\b unclarified meat or fish stock.\p\B2\b \IBiol.\i meat stock as a nutrient medium for bacteria. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English from Germanic: related to \J\Xbrew\x\j\c
<hw>brothel</hw> \K/"brQT(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISex\i a house etc. where prostitution takes place. \BEtymology:\b \3originally \Ibrothel-house\i from Middle English \Ibrothel\i 'worthless man, prostitute', from Old English \Ibreothan\i 'go to ruin'\c
<hw>brothel creepers</hw> \In.pl.\i \IClothing\i \BBrit.\b \Islang\i soft-soled (usu. suede) shoes.\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED, corpus Aug93\k
<hw>brother</hw> \K/"brVD\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IGenealogy\i a man or boy in relation to other sons and daughters of his parents.\p\B2\b \Ba\b (often as a form of address) a close male friend or associate. \Bb\b a male fellow member of a trade union etc.\p\B3\b \I(pl.\i also \Bbrethren\b \K/"brEDrIn/\k) \IRelig\i \Ba\b a member of a male religious order, esp. a monk. \Bb\b a fellow member of the Christian Church, a religion, or (formerly) a guild etc.\p\B4\b a fellow human being. \Bbrotherless\b \Iadj.\i \Bbrotherly\b \Iadj. & adv.\i \Bbrotherliness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibrothor,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>brother german</hw> \Isee\i \J\Xgerman\x.\j
<hw>brotherhood</hw> \K/"brVD\F'\nhUd/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the relationship between brothers. \Bb\b brotherly friendliness; companionship.\p\B2\b \Ba\b an association, society, or community of people linked by a common interest, religion, trade, etc. \Bb\b its members collectively.\p\B3\b \BN. Amer.\b \IIndustry\i a trade union.\p\B4\b community of feeling between all human beings. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English alteration of \Ibrotherrede,\i from Old English \Ibrothor-rµden\i (cf. \J\Xkindred\x)\j influenced by words in \J\X-hood\x,\j \J\X-head\x\j\c
<hw>brother-in-law</hw>\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bbrothers-in-law)\b\p\B1\b the brother of one's wife or husband.\p\B2\b the husband of one's sister.\p\B3\b the husband of one's sister-in-law.
<hw>brougham</hw> \K/"bru:(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITransport\i \Ihist.\i\p\B1\b a horse-drawn closed carriage with a driver perched outside in front.\p\B2\b a motor car with an open driver's seat. \BEtymology:\b \3Lord \IBrougham\i (d. 1868), who designed the carriage\c
<hw>brought</hw> \I\Ipast\i and \Ipast part.\i of\i \J\Xbring\x.\j
<hw>brow</hw> \K/braU/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IAnat\i the forehead.\p\B2\b \I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i \IAnat\i an eyebrow.\p\B3\b \IGeog\i the summit of a hill or pass.\p\B4\b the edge of a cliff etc.\p\B5\b \Icolloq.\i intellectual level. \B-browed\b \Iadj.\i \I(in \Bcomb.).\b\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibru,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>browbeat</hw> \K/"braUbi:t/\k \Iv.tr.\i \I(past\i \B-beat;\b \Ipast part.\i \B-beaten)\b intimidate with stern looks and words. \Bbrowbeater\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>brown</hw> \K/braUn/\k \Iadj., n., & v.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b having the colour produced by mixing red, yellow, and black, as of dark wood or rich soil.\p\B2\b dark-skinned or suntanned.\p\B3\b \ICookery\i (of bread) made from a dark flour as wholemeal or wheatmeal.\p\B4\b \IZool Bot\i (of species or varieties) distinguished by brown coloration.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a brown colour or pigment.\p\B2\b brown clothes or material \3(dressed in brown).\c\p\B3\b \ISport Games\i (in a game or sport) a brown ball, piece, etc.\Ksense 4 (game birds) omitted as obscure May 94\k \Iv.tr. & intr.\i \ICookery\i make or become brown by cooking, sunburn, etc.\p\1in a brown study\c \Isee\i \J\Xstudy\x.\j \Bbrownish\b \Iadj.\i \Bbrownness\b \K/"braUnnIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bbrowny\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibrun,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>brown ale</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IDrink\i a dark, mild, bottled beer.
<hw>brown bag</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Besp. N. Amer.\b a plain brown paper bag in which a lunch is packed and carried to work etc. \Bbrown-bagger\b\p\In.\i\p\Knew in COD9 f. News, NSOED, corpus Aug 93\k
<hw>brown bear</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a large brown bear, Ursus arctos, found in parts of Eurasia and N. America.
<hw>Brownian motion</hw> \K/"braUnI\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \BBrownian movement)\b \IPhysics\i the erratic random movement of microscopic particles in a liquid, gas, etc., as a result of continuous bombardment from molecules of the surrounding medium. \BEtymology:\b \3R. \IBrown,\i Scots botanist d. 1858\c
<hw>Brownie</hw> \K/"braUni/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \B(Brit.\b in full \BBrownie Guide)\b \IScouting\i a member of the junior branch of the Guides Association.\p\B2\b \B(brownie)\b \ICookery\i \Ba\b a small square of rich, usu. chocolate, cake with nuts. \Bb\b \BAustral.\b & \BNZ\b \ICookery\i a sweet currant-bread.\p\B3\b \B(brownie)\b \IMythol\i a benevolent elf said to haunt houses and do household work secretly.
<hw>Brownie Guider</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IScouting\i the adult leader of a pack of Brownie Guides.\Knew f. COD box May 94\k
<hw>brownie point</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Icolloq.\i a notional credit for something done to please or win favour.
<hw>browning</hw> \K/"braUnIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ICookery\i browned flour or any other additive to colour gravy.
<hw>brown-nose</hw> \In. & v.\i \Besp. N. Amer.\b \Islang\i\p\In.\i\p(also \Bbrown-noser)\b a sycophant. \Iv.intr. & tr.\i curry favour (with).\Knew from NSOED Aug 93\k
<hw>brown owl</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool\i any of various owls, esp. the tawny owl.\p\B2\b \B(Brown Owl)\b \BBrit.\b \IScouting\i \Icolloq.\i the adult leader of a pack of Brownie Guides, officially termed \IBrownie Guider\i since 1968.
<hw>brown rice</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i unpolished rice with only the husk of the grain removed.
<hw>Brownshirt</hw> \K/"braUnS\F'\n:t/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i a Nazi; a member of a fascist organization.
<hw>brownstone</hw> \K/"braUnst\F'\nUn/\k\p\In.\i\p\BUS\b \IGeol\i\p\B1\b a kind of reddish-brown sandstone used for building.\p\B2\b \IBuilding Archit\i a building faced with this.
<hw>brown sugar</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i unrefined or partially refined sugar.
<hw>brown trout</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a common European trout, Salmo trutta, esp. of a small dark non-migratory race found in small rivers and pools.\Knew f. OERD, NSOED May 94\k
<hw>browse</hw> \K/braUz/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr. & tr.\i read or survey desultorily.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bon)\b\i feed (on leaves, twigs, or scanty vegetation).\p\B3\b \Itr.\i crop and eat.\p\B4\b \Iintr. & tr.\i \IComputing\i read or survey (data files etc.), esp. via a network.\Ksense 4 new f. incomings Dec 94\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b twigs, young shoots, etc., as fodder for cattle.\p\B2\b an act of browsing. \Bbrowser\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3noun from earlier \Ibrouse\i from Old French \Ibrost\i 'young shoot', probably from Germanic; verb from French \Ibroster\i\c
<hw>BRS</hw> \Iabbr.\i \ITransport Commerce\i British Road Services.
<hw>brucellosis</hw> \K/bru:s\F'\n"l\F'\nUsIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a disease caused by bacteria of the genus \IBrucella,\i affecting esp. cattle and causing undulant fever in humans. \BEtymology:\b \3\IBrucella\i (from Sir D. \IBruce,\i Scots physician d. 1931) + \J\X-osis\x\j\c
<hw>brucite</hw> \K/"bru:sVIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMineral Chem\i a white, grey, or greenish mineral form of magnesium hydroxide. \BEtymology:\b \3A. \IBruce,\i US mineralogist d. 1818\c
<hw>Bruin</hw> \K/"bru:In/\k\p\In.\i\pa personal name used for a bear. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Dutch, = \J\Xbrown\x:\j used as a name in the fable \IReynard the Fox\i\c
<hw>bruise</hw> \K/bru:z/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an injury appearing as an area of discoloured skin on a human or animal body, caused by a blow or impact which ruptures underlying blood vessels.\p\B2\b an area of damage on a fruit etc.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b inflict a bruise on. \Bb\b hurt mentally.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i be susceptible to bruising.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i crush or pound \3(bruised oats).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old English \Ibrysan\i 'crush', reinforced by Anglo-French \Ibruser,\i Old French \Ibruisier\i 'break'\c
<hw>bruiser</hw> \K/"bru:z\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Icolloq.\i\p\B1\b a large tough-looking person.\p\B2\b \IBoxing\i a professional boxer.
<hw>bruit</hw> \K/bru:t/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.tr.\i \I(often foll. by \Babroad,\b \Babout)\b\i spread (a report or rumour).\p\In.\i\p\Iarchaic\i a report or rumour. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = noise from \Ibruire\i 'roar'\c
<hw>Brum</hw> \K/brVm/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IGeog\i \Icolloq.\i Birmingham (in England). \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation of \J\XBrummagem\x\j\c
<hw>brumby</hw> \K/"brVmbi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \BAustral.\b \IAgriculture\i a wild or unbroken horse. \BEtymology:\b \319th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>brume</hw> \K/bru:m/\k\p\In.\i\p\Iliterary\i mist, fog. \BEtymology:\b \3French from Latin \Ibruma\i 'winter'\c
<hw>Brummagem</hw> \K/"brVm\F'\ndZ(\F'\n)m/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b cheap and showy \3(Brummagem goods).\c\p\B2\b counterfeit. \BEtymology:\b \3dialect form of \IBirmingham,\i England, with reference to counterfeit coins and plated goods once made there\c
<hw>Brummie</hw> \K/"brVmi/\k \In. & adj.\i (also \BBrummy)\b \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IPeople\i a native of Birmingham. \Iadj.\i of or characteristic of a Brummie \3(a Brummie accent).\c \BEtymology:\b \3\J\XBrum\x\j\c
<hw>brunch</hw> \K/brVn(t)S/\k \In. & v.\i \IFood\i\p\In.\i\pa late-morning meal eaten as the first meal of the day. \Iv.intr.\i eat brunch. \BEtymology:\b \3\Ibr\ieakfast + l\Iunch\i\c
<hw>brunette</hw> \K/bru:"nEt/, /brU-/\k \In. & adj.\i \B(US\b also \Bbrunet)\b\p\In.\i\pa woman with dark brown hair. \Iadj.\i (of a woman) having dark brown hair. \BEtymology:\b \3French, fem. of \Ibrunet,\i diminutive of \Ibrun\i \J\Xbrown\x\j\c
<hw>brunt</hw> \K/brVnt/\k\p\In.\i\pthe chief or initial impact of an attack, task, etc. \3(esp. bear the brunt of).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English: origin unknown\c
<hw>brush</hw> \K/brVS/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an implement with bristles, hair, wire, etc. varying in firmness set into a block or projecting from the end of a handle, for any of various purposes, esp. cleaning or scrubbing, painting, arranging the hair, etc.\p\B2\b the application of a brush; brushing.\p\B3\b \Ba\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bwith)\b\i a short esp. unpleasant encounter \3(a brush with the law).\c \Bb\b a skirmish.\p\B4\b \Ba\b \IZool\i the bushy tail of a fox. \Bb\b a brushlike tuft.\p\B5\b \IElectr.\i a piece of carbon or metal serving as an electrical contact esp. with a moving part.\p\B6\b \Besp. N. Amer.\b & \BAustral.\b \Ba\b \IGeog\i undergrowth, thicket; small trees and shrubs. \Bb\b \BUS\b such wood cut in faggots. \Bc\b \IGeog\i land covered with brush. \Bd\b \BAustral.\b \IGeog\i dense forest.\p\B7\b \BAustral.\b & \BNZ\b \Islang\i a girl or young woman.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b sweep or scrub or put in order with a brush. \Bb\b treat (a surface) with a brush so as to change its nature or appearance.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b remove (dust etc.) with a brush. \Bb\b apply (a liquid preparation) to a surface with a brush.\p\B3\b \Itr. & intr.\i graze or touch in passing.\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i perform a brushing action or motion.\p\Bbrush aside\b dismiss or dispose of (a person, idea, etc.) curtly or lightly.\p\Bbrush off\b rebuff; dismiss abruptly.\p\Bbrush over\b paint lightly.\p\Bbrush up\b\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b clean up or smarten.\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Bon)\b\i revive one's former knowledge of (a subject). \Bbrushlike\b \Iadj.\i \Bbrushy\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ibrosse\i\c
<hw>brush discharge</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IElectr.\i a broad electrical discharge occurring when the potential difference is not sufficient for a spark or arc.\Kmoved from brush sense 5b and revised after Websters 10, Chambers DST Oct 94\k
<hw>brushed aluminium</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMetallurgy\i aluminium treated so that it has a lustreless surface.
<hw>brushed fabric</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ITextiles\i fabric brushed so as to raise the nap.
<hw>brushless</hw> \K/"brVSlIs/\k \Iadj.\i not requiring the use of a brush.
<hw>brush-off</hw>\p\In.\i\pa rebuff; an abrupt dismissal.
<hw>brush turkey</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BAustral.\b \IZool\i a large mound-building bird, Alectura lathami.
<hw>brush-up</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b the process or an instance of brushing up.
<hw>brushwood</hw> \K/"brVSwUd/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b cut or broken twigs etc.\p\B2\b undergrowth; thicket.
<hw>brushwork</hw> \K/"brVSw\F'\n:k/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPainting\i\p\B1\b manipulation of the brush in painting.\p\B2\b a painter's style in this.
<hw>brusque</hw> \K/brUsk/, /bru:sk/\k \Iadj.\i abrupt or offhand in manner or speech. \Bbrusquely\b \Iadv.\i \Bbrusqueness\b\p\In.\i\p\Bbrusquerie\b \K/"brUsk(\F'\n)ri:/, /"bru:-/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French from Italian \Ibrusco\i 'sour'\c
<hw>Brussels carpet</hw> \K/"brVs(\F'\n)lz/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITextiles Weaving\i a carpet with a wool pile and a stout linen back. \BEtymology:\b \3\IBrussels\i in Belgium\c
<hw>Brussels lace</hw> \K/"brVs(\F'\n)lz/\k\p\In.\i\p\INeedlework\i an elaborate needlepoint or pillow lace.
<hw>Brussels sprout</hw> \K/"brVs(\F'\n)lz/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b a variety of cabbage producing many small compact buds borne close together along a tall single stem.\p\B2\b \IFood\i one of these buds used as a vegetable.
<hw>brutal</hw> \K/"bru:t(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b savagely or coarsely cruel.\p\B2\b harsh, merciless. \Bbrutality\b \K/-"talIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies).\b \Bbrutally\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ibrutal\i or medieval Latin \Ibrutalis,\i from \Ibrutus\i \J\Xbrute\x\j\c
<hw>brutalism</hw> \K/"bru:t(\F'\n)lIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b brutality.\p\B2\b \IArchit\i a heavy plain style of architecture etc. \Bbrutalist\b \In. & adj.\i\K-ist new f. SOED, corpus Sep 94\k
<hw>brute</hw> \K/bru:t/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a brutal or violent person or animal. \Bb\b \Icolloq.\i an unpleasant person.\p\B2\b an animal as opposed to a human being. \Iadj.\i \I(usu. \Battrib.)\b\i\p\B1\b not possessing the capacity to reason.\p\B2\b \Ba\b animal-like, cruel. \Bb\b stupid, sensual.\p\B3\b unthinking, merely material \3(brute force;\c \2brute matter).\c \Bbrutehood\b\p\In.\i\p\Bbrutish\b \Iadj.\i \Bbrutishly\b \Iadv.\i \Bbrutishness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French from Latin \Ibrutus\i 'stupid'\c
<hw>bruxism</hw> \K/"brVksIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i the involuntary or habitual grinding or clenching of the teeth. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ibrukhein\i 'gnash the teeth'\c
<hw>Brylcreem</hw> \K/"brIlkri:m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IHairdressing\i \Ipropr.\i a cream for working into the hair to give it a smooth shiny appearance.\Knew f. corpus Sep 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3corruption of \J\Xbrilliant\x\j + \J\Xcream\x\j\c
<hw>bryology</hw> \K/brVI"Ql\F'\ndZi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i the study of bryophytes. \Bbryological\b \K/-\F'\n"lQdZIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Bbryologist\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ibruon\i 'moss'\c
<hw>bryony</hw> \K/"brVI\F'\nni/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IBot\i any climbing plant of the genus \IBryonia,\i esp. B. dioica bearing greenish-white flowers and red berries. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ibryonia\i from Greek \Ibruonia\i\c
<hw>bryophyte</hw> \K/"brVI\F'\n(U)fVIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a cryptogamous plant of the division Bryophyta, comprising mosses and liverworts. \Bbryophytic\b \K/-"fItIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \IBryophyta\i from Greek \Ibruon\i 'moss' + \Iphuton\i 'plant'\c
<hw>bryozoan</hw> \K/brVI\F'\n(U)"z\F'\nU\F'\nn/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i any aquatic invertebrate animal of the phylum Bryozoa, forming colonies attached to rocks, seaweeds, etc. \IAlso called\i \Ipolyzoan.\i \Iadj.\i of or relating to the phylum Bryozoa. \Bbryozoology\b \K/-z\F'\nU"Ql\F'\ndZi/, /-zu:-/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ibruon\i 'moss' + \Izoia\i 'animals'\c
<hw>Brythonic</hw> \K/brI"TQnIk/\k \In. & adj.\i \ILanguage\i\p\In.\i\pthe southern group of the Celtic languages, comprising Welsh, Cornish, and Breton. Also called \IBrittonic.\i \Iadj.\i \IPeople\i of or relating to Brythonic. \BEtymology:\b \3Welsh \IBrython\i 'Britons' from Celtic\c
<hw>BS</hw> \Iabbr.\i\p\B1\b \BUS\b \ISci Education\i Bachelor of Science.\p\B2\b \ISci Education\i Bachelor of Surgery.\p\B3\b \IRelig\i Blessed Sacrament.\p\B4\b \ISci\i British Standard(s).
<hw>B.Sc.</hw> \Iabbr.\i \ISci Education\i Bachelor of Science.
<hw>BSE</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IBiol Vet\i bovine spongiform encephalopathy, a usu. fatal disease of cattle involving the central nervous system and causing extreme agitation. \IAlso called\i \Imad cow disease.\i
<hw>BSI</hw> \Iabbr.\i \ISci\i British Standards Institution.
<hw>B-side</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMus\i the side of a gramophone record regarded as less important.
<hw>BST</hw> \Iabbr.\i\p\B1\b \IHorol\i British Summer Time.\p\B2\b \Ihist.\i \IHorol\i British Standard Time (one hour ahead of GMT, in continuous use 1968-71).\p\B3\b \IBiol Vet\i bovine somatotrophin, a growth hormone produced naturally by cows and introduced into cattle feed to boost milk production.
<hw>BT</hw> \Iabbr.\i \ITelephony\i British Telecom.
<hw>Bt.</hw> \Iabbr.\i Baronet.
<hw>Btu</hw> \Iabbr.\i (also \BBTU,\b \BB.th.U.)\b \ISci\i British thermal unit(s).
<hw>bu.</hw> \Iabbr.\i \ISci\i bushel(s).
<hw>bub</hw> \K/bVb/\k\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b \Icolloq.\i a boy or a man, often used as a form of address. \BEtymology:\b \3earlier \Ibubby,\i perhaps a childish form of \J\Xbrother\x\j or from German \IBube\i 'boy'\c
<hw>bubble</hw> \K/"bVb(\F'\n)l/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a thin sphere of liquid enclosing air etc. \Bb\b an air-filled cavity in a liquid or a solidified liquid such as glass or amber.\p\B2\b the sound or appearance of bubbling; an agitated or bubbling motion.\p\B3\b a transparent domed cavity.\p\B4\b a visionary or unrealistic project or enterprise \3(the South Sea Bubble).\c \Iv.intr.\i\p\B1\b rise in or send up bubbles.\p\B2\b make the sound of rising or bursting bubbles.\p\Bbubble over\b \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i be exuberant with laughter, excitement, anger, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English: probably imitative\c
<hw>bubble and squeak</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ICookery\i cooked cabbage fried with cooked potatoes or meat. \BEtymology:\b \3from the sounds of it cooking\c
<hw>bubble bath</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a preparation for adding to bathwater to make it foam.\p\B2\b a bath with this added.
<hw>bubble car</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ITransport\i a small motor car with a transparent domed canopy.
<hw>bubble chamber</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i an apparatus designed to make the tracks of ionizing particles visible as a row of bubbles in a liquid.
<hw>bubblegum</hw> \K/"bVb(\F'\n)lgVm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFood\i chewing gum that can be blown into bubbles.
<hw>bubble memory</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IComputing\i a type of memory which stores data as a pattern of magnetized regions in a thin layer of magnetic material.
<hw>bubble pack</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IIndustry\i a small package enclosing goods in a transparent material on a backing.
<hw>bubble wrap</hw>\p\In.\i\pplastic wrapping material in sheets containing numerous small air-filled bladders.\Knew f. Incs Sept 94\k
<hw>bubbly</hw> \K/"bVbli/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i \B(bubblier,\b \Bbubbliest)\b\p\B1\b having or resembling bubbles.\p\B2\b exuberant, vivacious.\p\In.\i\p\IDrink\i \Icolloq.\i champagne.
<hw>bubbly-jock</hw> \K/"bVblIdZQk/\k\p\In.\i\p\BSc.\b \IZool\i a turkeycock. \BEtymology:\b \3\Ibubbly\i imitative of the bird's call + \IJock\i male forename\c
<hw>bubo</hw> \K/"bju:b\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-oes)\b \IMed\i a swollen inflamed lymph node in the armpit or groin. \Bbubonic\b \K/bju:"bQnIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Ibubo -onis\i 'swelling' from Greek \Iboubon\i 'groin'\c
<hw>bubonic plague</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a contagious bacterial disease characterized by fever, delirium, and the formation of buboes. \ICf.\i \J\Xplague\x\p\In.\i\p1a.\j
<hw>buccal</hw> \K/"bVk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \IAnat\i\p\B1\b of or relating to the cheek.\p\B2\b of or in the mouth. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ibucca\i 'cheek'\c
<hw>buccaneer</hw> \K/bVk\F'\n"nI\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a pirate, originally off the Spanish-American coasts.\p\B2\b an unscrupulous adventurer. \Iv.intr.\i be a buccaneer. \Bbuccaneering\b \In. & adj.\i \Bbuccaneerish\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3originally applied to European hunters in the Caribbean: French \Iboucanier\i via \Iboucaner\i 'cure meat on a barbecue' from \Iboucan\i from Tupi \Imukem\i\c
<hw>buccinator</hw> \K/"bVksIneIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnat\i a flat thin cheek muscle. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin from \Ibuccinare\i 'blow a trumpet', from \Ibuccina\i 'trumpet'\c
<hw>buck (1)</hw> \K/bVk/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool\i the male of various animals, esp. the deer, hare, or rabbit.\p\B2\b \Iarchaic\i a fashionable young man.\p\B3\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i \Ba\b \IBiol\i \Islang\i male \3(buck antelope).\c \Bb\b \BUS\b \IMil.\i \Islang\i of the lowest rank \3(buck private).\c\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \IRiding\i (of a horse) jump upwards with back arched and feet drawn together.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b \I(usu. foll. by \Boff)\b\i \IRiding\i throw (a rider or burden) in this way. \Bb\b \Besp. N. Amer.\b oppose, resist \3(tried to buck the trend).\c\p\B3\b \Itr. & intr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bup)\b\i \Icolloq.\i \Ba\b make or become more cheerful. \Bb\b \BBrit.\b make or become more vigorous or lively; make an effort; hurry \3(needs to buck up his ideas).\c\p\B4\b \Itr.\i (as \Bbucked\b \Iadj.)\i \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i encouraged, elated.\Kbucker omitted Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibuc\i 'male deer', \Ibucca\i 'male goat', from Old Norse\c
<hw>buck (2)</hw> \K/bVk/\k\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b & \BAustral.\b \ICurrency\i \Islang\i a dollar.\p\1a fast buck\c easy money. \BEtymology:\b \319th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>buck (3)</hw> \K/bVk/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICards\i \Islang\i an article placed as a reminder before a player whose turn it is to deal at poker.\p\1pass the buck\c \Icolloq.\i shift responsibility (to another). \BEtymology:\b \319th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>buck (4)</hw> \K/bVk/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \BN. Amer.\b \ICarpentry\i a sawhorse.\p\B2\b \ISport\i a vaulting horse. \BEtymology:\b \3Dutch \I(zaag)boc,\i as \J\Xsaw\x (1),\j \J\Xbuck\x (1)\j\c
<hw>buck (5)</hw> \K/bVk/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITransport\i the body of a cart. \BEtymology:\b \3perhaps from obsolete \Ibouk\i 'belly, body' from Old English \Ibuc,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>buckbean</hw> \K/"bVkbi:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a bog plant, Menyanthes trifoliata, with white or pinkish hairy flowers. \IAlso called\i \Ibogbean.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Flemish \Ibocks boonen\i 'goat's beans'\c
<hw>buckboard</hw> \K/"bVkbO:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\BUS\b \ITransport\i a horse-drawn vehicle with the body formed by a plank fixed to the axles. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbuck\x (5)\j + \J\Xboard\x\j\c
<hw>bucket</hw> \K/"bVkIt/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a roughly cylindrical open container (usu. of metal or plastic) with a handle, used for carrying, drawing, or holding water etc. \Bb\b the amount contained in this \3(need three buckets to fill the bath).\c\p\B2\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i large quantities of liquid, esp. rain or tears \3(wept buckets).\c\p\B3\b a compartment on the outer edge of a waterwheel.\p\B4\b the scoop of a dredger or a grain-elevator.\p\Iv.\i\p\B(bucketed,\b \Bbucketing)\b\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bdown)\b\i (of liquid, esp. rain) pour heavily.\p\B2\b \Iintr. & tr.\i \I(often foll. by \Balong)\b\i move or drive jerkily or bumpily. \Bbucketful\b\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-fuls).\b \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English & Anglo-French \Ibuket,\i \Ibuquet,\i perhaps from Old English \Ibuc\i 'pitcher'\c
<hw>bucket seat</hw>\p\In.\i\pa seat with a rounded back to fit one person, esp. in a car.
<hw>bucket shop</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IStock Exch\i an unauthorized office for gambling in stocks, speculating on markets, etc.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b \ICommerce\i \Icolloq.\i a travel agency specializing in cheap air tickets.
<hw>buckeye</hw> \K/"bVkVI/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b an American tree or shrub of the horse chestnut genus \IAesculus,\i with large sticky buds and showy red or white flowers.\p\B2\b the shiny brown fruit of this plant.
<hw>buck fever</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BUS\b nervousness when called on to act.
<hw>buck-horn</hw>\p\In.\i\phorn of buck as a material for knife handles etc.
<hw>buck-hound</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a small kind of staghound.
<hw>buckle</hw> \K/"bVk(\F'\n)l/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\IClothing etc.\i\p\B1\b a flat often rectangular frame with a hinged pin, used for joining the ends of a belt, strap, etc.\p\B2\b a similarly shaped ornament, esp. on a shoe.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bup,\b \Bon,\b etc.)\i fasten with a buckle.\p\B2\b \Itr. & intr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bup)\b\i give way or cause to give way under longitudinal pressure; crumple up.\p\Bbuckle down\b make a determined effort.\p\Bbuckle to\b (or \Bdown to)\b prepare for, set about (work etc.).\p\Bbuckle to\b get to work, make a vigorous start. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iboucle\i from Latin \Ibuccula\i 'cheek-strap of a helmet', from \Ibucca\i 'cheek': sense 2 of\p\Iv.\i\pfrom French \Iboucler\i 'bulge'\c
<hw>buckler</hw> \K/"bVkl\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ihist.\i a small round shield held by a handle.\p\B2\b \IBot.\i any of several ferns of the genus \IDryopteris,\i having buckler-shaped indusia; \Ialso called\i \J\Xshield fern\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ibocler,\i literally 'having a boss', from \Iboucle\i \J\Xboss\x (2)\j\c
<hw>Buckley's</hw> \K/"bVklIz/\k\p\In.\i\p(in full \BBuckley's chance)\b \BAustral.\b & \BNZ\b \Icolloq.\i little or no chance. \BEtymology:\b \319th c.: origin uncertain\c
<hw>buckling</hw> \K/"bVklIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ICookery\i a smoked herring. \BEtymology:\b \3German \IBⁿckling\i 'bloater'\c
<hw>buckminsterfullerene</hw> \K/%bVkmInst\F'\n"fUl\F'\nri:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i a form of carbon with 60 atoms joined in a polyhedron of 20 hexagons and 12 pentagons.\Knew f. NSOED Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3R. \IBuckminster Fuller\i (d. 1983), US inventor of the geodesic dome\c
<hw>buck-passing</hw>\p\In.\i\pthe act of passing the buck or shifting responsibility to another person.\Knew f. corpus Sept 94\k
<hw>buckram</hw> \K/"bVkr\F'\nm/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ITextiles\i a coarse linen or other cloth stiffened with gum or paste, and used as interfacing or in bookbinding.\p\B2\b \Iarchaic\i stiffness in manner. \Iadj.\i \Iarchaic\i starchy; formal.\p\1men in buckram\c non-existent persons; figments (Shakespeare's \I1 Henry IV\i ii. iv. 210-50). \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Anglo-French \Ibukeram,\i Old French \Iboquerant,\i perhaps from \IBokhara\i (now \IBukhara)\i in central Asia\c
<hw>buck rarebit</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ICookery\i Welsh rarebit with a poached egg on top.
<hw>Buck's Fizz</hw> \K/bVks/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IDrink\i a cocktail of champagne or sparkling white wine and orange juice. \BEtymology:\b \3\IBuck's\i Club in London + \J\Xfizz\x\j\c
<hw>buckshee</hw> \K/bVk"Si:/, /"bVkSi:/\k \Iadj. & adv.\i \BBrit.\b \Islang\i free of charge. \BEtymology:\b \3corruption of \J\Xbaksheesh\x\j\c
<hw>buckshot</hw> \K/"bVkSQt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBallistics\i coarse lead shot.
<hw>buckskin</hw> \K/"bVkskIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the skin of a male deer. \Bb\b \ILeather\i leather made from such skin.\p\B2\b \ITextiles\i a thick smooth cotton or woollen cloth.
<hw>buckthorn</hw> \K/"bVkTO:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i any thorny shrub of the genus \IRhamnus,\i esp. R. cathartica with berries formerly used as a cathartic.
<hw>buck-tooth</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IDentistry\i an upper tooth that projects. \Bbuck-toothed\b \Iadj.\i\K-ed new f. corpus Sept 94\k
<hw>buckwheat</hw> \K/"bVkwi:t/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot Food\i a cereal plant of the genus \IFagopyrum,\i esp. F. esculentum with seeds used for fodder and for flour to make bread and pancakes. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle Dutch \Iboecweite\i 'beech wheat', its grains being shaped like beechmast\c
<hw>bucolic</hw> \K/bju:"kQlIk/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i of or concerning shepherds or the pastoral life; rural.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i \ILiterature\i a pastoral poem or poetry.\p\B2\b a peasant. \Bbucolically\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ibucolicus\i from Greek \Iboukolikos,\i from \Iboukolos\i 'herdsman' from \Ibous\i \J\Xox\x\j\c
<hw>bud (1)</hw> \K/bVd/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBot\i \Ba\b an immature knoblike shoot from which a stem, leaf, or flower develops. \Bb\b a flower or leaf that is not fully open.\p\B2\b \IBiol.\i an asexual outgrowth from a parent organism that separates to form a new individual.\p\B3\b anything still undeveloped.\p\Iv.\i\p\B(budded,\b \Bbudding)\b\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \IBot.\i & \IZool.\i form a bud or buds.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i begin to grow or develop \3(a budding cricketer).\c\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \IHort\i graft a bud (of a plant) on to another plant.\p\1in bud\c having newly formed buds. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English: origin unknown\c
<hw>bud (2)</hw> \K/bVd/\k\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b \Icolloq.\i (as a form of address) = \J\Xbuddy\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation\c
<hw>Buddha</hw> \K/"bUd\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i\p\B1\b a title given to successive teachers of Buddhism, esp. to its founder, Gautama.\p\B2\b a statue or picture of the Buddha. \BEtymology:\b \3Sanskrit, = enlightened, past part. of \Ibudh\i 'know'\c
<hw>Buddhism</hw> \K/"bUdIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i a widespread Asian religion or philosophy, founded by Gautama Buddha in India in the 5th c. bc, which teaches that elimination of the self and earthly desires is the highest goal \I(cf.\i \J\Xnirvana\x).\j \BBuddhist\b \In. & adj.\i \BBuddhistic\b \K/-"dIstIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BBuddhistical\b \K/-"dIstIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i
<hw>buddleia</hw> \K/"bVdlI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i any shrub of the genus \IBuddleia,\i with fragrant lilac, yellow, or white flowers attractive to butterflies. \BEtymology:\b \3A. \IBuddle,\i English botanist d. 1715\c
<hw>buddy</hw> \K/"bVdi/\k \In. & v.\i \Besp. N. Amer.\b \Icolloq.\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b (often as a form of address) a close friend or mate.\p\B2\b a person who befriends and gives help to another with an incapacitating disease, esp. Aids.\Ksense 2 new in COD9 f. NSOED Aug 93\k \Iv.intr.\i \B(-ies,\b \B-ied)\b \I(often foll. by \Bup)\b\i become friendly. \BEtymology:\b \3perhaps corruption of \Ibrother,\i or variant of \J\Xbutty\x (1)\j\c
<hw>buddy movie</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Besp. N. Amer.\b \ICinematog.\i \Icolloq.\i a film featuring friendship between two individuals, esp. men.\Knew f. SOED, corpus Aug 93\k
<hw>budge</hw> \K/bVdZ/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\I(usu. with \Bneg.)\b\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \BBrit.\b \Ba\b make the slightest movement. \Bb\b change one's opinion \3(he's stubborn, he won't budge).\c\p\B2\b \Itr.\i cause or compel to budge \3(nothing will budge him).\c\p\Bbudge up\b (or \Bover)\b \BBrit.\b make room for another person by moving. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ibouger\i 'stir', ultimately from Latin \Ibullire\i 'boil'\c
<hw>budgerigar</hw> \K/"bVdZ(\F'\n)rIgA:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a small green parrot, Melopsittacus undulatus, native to Australia, and bred in coloured varieties which are often kept as cage birds. \BEtymology:\b \3Aboriginal, perhaps alteration of Kamilaroi (and related languages) \Igijirrigaa\i\c
<hw>budget</hw> \K/"bVdZIt/\k \In. & v.\i \IEcon\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the amount of money needed or available (for a specific item etc.) \3(a budget of ú200;\c \2mustn't exceed the budget).\c\p\B2\b \Ba\b \B(the Budget)\b \IPolit\i a usu. annual estimate of national revenue and expenditure. \Bb\b a similar estimate of revenue or income and expenditure made by a company, family, private individual, etc.\Ksense 2b omitted Aug 93\k\p\B3\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i inexpensive.\p\B4\b \Iarchaic\i a quantity of material etc., esp. written or printed. \Iv.tr. & intr.\i \B(budgeted,\b \Bbudgeting)\b \I(often foll. by \Bfor)\b\i allow or arrange for in a budget \3(have budgeted for a new car;\c \2can budget ú60).\c\p\1on a budget\c with a restricted amount of money. \Bbudgetary\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English = pouch, via Old French \Ibougette,\i diminutive of \Ibouge\i 'leather bag', from Latin \Ibulga\i (from Gaulish) 'knapsack': cf. \J\Xbulge\x\j\c
<hw>budget account</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bbudget plan)\b \BBrit.\b \IFinance\i a bank account, or account with a store or public utility, into which one makes regular, usu. monthly, payments to cover bills.
<hw>buff</hw> \K/bVf/\k \Iadj., n., & v.\i \Iadj.\i yellowish beige \3(buff envelope).\c\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a yellowish-beige colour.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i an enthusiast, esp. for a particular hobby \3(railway buff).\c\Ksense 3 omitted, in as idm May 94\k\p\B3\b \ITextiles\i \Ba\b \ILeather\i a velvety dull yellow ox-leather. \Bb\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i (of a garment etc.) made of this \3(buff gloves).\c\p\B4\b \B(the Buffs)\b \IMil\i the former East Kent Regiment (from the colour of its uniform facings). \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b polish (metal, fingernails, etc.).\p\B2\b \ILeather\i make (leather) velvety like buff, by removing the surface.\p\1in the buff\c \Icolloq.\i naked. \BEtymology:\b \3original sense 'buffalo', probably from French \Ibuffle;\i sense 2 of noun originally from buff uniforms formerly worn by New York volunteer firemen, applied to enthusiastic fire-watchers\c
<hw>buffalo</hw> \K/"bVf\F'\nl\F'\nU/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i same or \B-oes)\b \IZool\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b an Asiatic ox of the genus \IBubalus,\i with heavy backswept horns, esp. (in full \Bwater buffalo)\b B. arnee, which is domesticated as a draught animal. \Bb\b (in full \BCape buffalo)\b a powerful wild ox, Syncerus caffer, of eastern and southern Africa.\p\B2\b a N. American bison, Bison bison. \Iv.tr.\i \B(-oes,\b \B-oed)\b \BN. Amer.\b \Islang\i overawe, outwit. \BEtymology:\b \3probably from Portuguese \Ibufalo\i via Late Latin \Ibufalus\i and Latin \Ibubalus\i from Greek \Iboubalos\i 'antelope, wild ox'\c
<hw>buffalo grass</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b a grass, Buchloe dactyloides, of the N. American plains.\p\B2\b a grass, Stenotaphrum secundatum, of Australia and New Zealand.
<hw>buffer (1)</hw> \K/"bVf\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a device that protects against or reduces the effect of an impact. \Bb\b \BBrit.\b \IRailways\i such a device (usu. one of a pair) projecting from a cross-beam on the front and rear of a railway vehicle or at the end of a track.\p\B2\b \IChem.\i a substance that acts to minimize the change in hydrogen ion concentration of a solution when an acid or alkali is added.\p\B3\b \IComputing\i a temporary memory area or queue for data to aid its transfer between devices or programs operating at different speeds etc. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b act as a buffer to.\p\B2\b \IChem.\i treat with a buffer. \BEtymology:\b \3probably from obsolete \Ibuff\i (v.), imitative of the sound of a blow to a soft body\c
<hw>buffer (2)</hw> \K/"bVf\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \Islang\i a silly or incompetent old man \3(esp. old buffer).\c \BEtymology:\b \318th c.: probably formed as \J\Xbuffer\x (1)\j or with the sense 'stutterer'\c
<hw>buffer state</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i a small state situated between two larger ones potentially hostile to one another and regarded as reducing the likelihood of open hostilities.
<hw>buffer stock</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IStock Exch.\i a reserve of commodity to offset price fluctuations.
<hw>buffer zone</hw>\p\In.\i\pa zone separating potential belligerents.\Knew f. SOED Sept 94\k
<hw>buffet (1)</hw> \K/"bUfeI/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IFood\i a room or counter where light meals or snacks may be bought \3(station buffet).\c\p\B2\b \IFood\i a meal consisting of several dishes set out from which guests serve themselves \3(buffet lunch).\c\p\B3\b \Kalso /"bVfIt/\k a sideboard or recessed cupboard for china etc. \BEtymology:\b \3French from Old French \Ibuf(f)et\i 'stool', of unknown origin\c
<hw>buffet (2)</hw> \K/"bVfIt/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B(buffeted,\b \Bbuffeting)\b\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b strike or knock repeatedly \3(wind buffeted the trees).\c \Bb\b strike, esp. repeatedly, with the hand or fist.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i (of fate etc.) treat badly; plague \3(cheerful though buffeted by misfortune).\c\p\B3\b \Ba\b \Iintr.\i struggle; fight one's way (through difficulties etc.). \Bb\b \Itr.\i contend with (waves etc.).\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a blow, esp. of the hand or fist.\p\B2\b a shock. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French, diminutive of \Ibufe\i 'blow'\c
<hw>buffet (3)</hw> \K/"bVfIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFurniture\i \Idial.\i\p\B1\b a low stool; a footstool.\p\B2\b a hassock.\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED, A. Delahunty Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Old French \Ibuf(f)et,\i of unknown origin\c
<hw>buffet car</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IRailways\i a railway coach serving light meals or snacks.
<hw>buffeting</hw> \K/"bVfItIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a beating; repeated blows.\p\B2\b \IAeron.\i an irregular oscillation, caused by air eddies, of part of an aircraft.
<hw>bufflehead</hw> \K/"bVf(\F'\n)lhEd/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a large-headed black and white diving duck, Bucephala albeola, native to N. America. \BEtymology:\b \3obsolete \Ibuffle\i 'buffalo' + \J\Xhead\x\j\c
<hw>buffo</hw> \K/"bUf\F'\nU/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b \ITheatr\i a comic actor, esp. in Italian opera. \Iadj.\i comic, burlesque. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian, = puff of wind, buffoon\c
<hw>buffoon</hw> \K/b\F'\n"fu:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a ludicrous person.\p\B2\b a jester; a mocker. \Bbuffoonery\b\p\In.\i\p\Bbuffoonish\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ibouffon\i via Italian \Ibuffone\i and medieval Latin \Ibuffo\i 'clown' from Romanic\c
<hw>bug</hw> \K/bVg/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool.\i \Ba\b an insect of the order Hemiptera, with mouthparts modified for piercing and sucking. \Bb\b any small insect.\p\B2\b \IMed\i \Islang\i a micro-organism, esp. a bacterium, or a disease caused by it.\p\B3\b a concealed microphone.\p\B4\b \IComputing\i an error in a computer program or system etc.\p\B5\b \Icolloq.\i an obsession, enthusiasm, etc.\p\Iv.\i\p\B(bugged,\b \Bbugging)\b\p\B1\b \Itr.\i conceal a microphone in (esp. a building or room).\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \Islang\i annoy, bother.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i \Besp. N. Amer.\b \Islang\i \Ba\b \I(often foll. by \Bout)\b\i leave quickly. \Bb\b \I(foll. by \Boff)\b\i go away.\K3b new in COD9 f. NSOED, News Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \317th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>bugaboo</hw> \K/"bVg\F'\nbu:/\k\p\In.\i\pa bogey (see \J\Xbogey\x (2))\j or bugbear. \BEtymology:\b \3probably of dialect origin: cf. Welsh \Ibwcibo\i 'the Devil', \Ibwci\i 'hobgoblin'\c
<hw>bugbear</hw> \K/"bVgbE:/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a cause of annoyance or anger; a \IbΩte noire.\i\p\B2\b an object of baseless fear.\p\B3\b \Iarchaic\i a sort of hobgoblin or any other being invoked to intimidate children. \BEtymology:\b \3obsolete \Ibug\i 'bogey' + \J\Xbear\x (2)\j\c
<hw>bug-eyed</hw> \Iadj.\i with bulging eyes.
<hw>bugger</hw> \K/"bVg\F'\n/\k \In., v., & int.\i \Icoarse slang\i (except in sense 2 of\p\In.\i\pand 3 of\p\Iv.\i\p)\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Besp. Brit.\b \Ba\b an unpleasant or awkward person or thing \3(the bugger won't fit).\c \Bb\b a person of a specified kind \3(he's a miserable bugger;\c \2you clever bugger!).\c\p\B2\b \ILaw\i a person who commits buggery. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b as an exclamation of annoyance \3(bugger the thing!).\c\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Bup)\b\i \Ba\b ruin; spoil \3(really buggered it up;\c \2no good, it's buggered).\c \Bb\b (esp. as \Bbuggered\b \Iadj.)\i \BBrit.\b exhaust, tire out.\p\B3\b \ILaw\i commit buggery with. \Iint.\i expressing annoyance.\p\Bbugger about\b (or \Baround)\b \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i \BBrit.\b\p\B1\b mess about.\p\B2\b mislead; persecute.\p\1bugger all\c \BBrit.\b nothing.\p\Bbugger off\b \I(often in \Bimper.)\b\i \BBrit.\b go away. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Middle Dutch from Old French \Ibougre,\i originally 'heretic', from medieval Latin \IBulgarus\i 'Bulgarian (member of the Greek Church)'\c
<hw>buggery</hw> \K/"bVg\F'\nri/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISex\i\p\B1\b anal intercourse.\p\B2\b = \J\Xbestiality\x 2.\j \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Middle Dutch \Ibuggerie\i from Old French \Ibougerie:\i see \J\Xbugger\x\j\c
<hw>buggy (1)</hw> \K/"bVgi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \ITransport\i a light, horse-drawn, esp. two-wheeled, vehicle for one or two people.\p\B2\b \ITransport\i a small, sturdy, esp. open, motor vehicle \3(beach buggy;\c \2dune buggy).\c\p\B3\b = \J\Xbaby buggy\x 1, 2.\j \BEtymology:\b \318th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>buggy (2)</hw> \K/"bVgi/\k \Iadj.\i \B(buggier,\b \Bbuggiest)\b infested with bugs.
<hw>bugle (1)</hw> \K/"bju:g(\F'\n)l/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p(also \Bbugle-horn)\b \IMus\i a brass instrument like a small trumpet, used esp. for military signals and in fox-hunting.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i sound a bugle.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i sound (a note, a call, etc.) on a bugle. \Bbugler\b \K/"bju:gl\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Kbuglet omitted Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Ibuculus\i diminutive of \Ibos\i 'ox' (from the use of an ox's horn as a bugle\c
<hw>bugle (2)</hw> \K/"bju:g(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a creeping labiate plant, Ajuga reptans, with blue flowers. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, from Late Latin \Ibugula\i\c
<hw>bugle (3)</hw> \K/"bju:g(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\IJewellery\i a tube-shaped bead sewn on a dress etc. for ornament. \BEtymology:\b \316th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>bugloss</hw> \K/"bju:glQs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b any of various bristly plants related to borage, esp. of the genus \IAnchusa\i with bright blue tubular flowers.\p\B2\b = \J\Xviper's bugloss\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ibuglosse\i or Latin \Ibuglossus,\i from Greek \Ibouglossos\i 'ox-tongued'\c
<hw>buhl</hw> \K/bu:l/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bboule,\b \Bboulle)\b\p\B1\b pieces of brass, tortoiseshell, etc., cut to make a pattern and used as decorative inlays esp. on furniture.\p\B2\b work inlaid with buhl.\p\B3\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i inlaid with buhl. \BEtymology:\b \3\I(buhl\i Germanized) from A. C. \IBoulle,\i French woodcarver d. 1732\c
<hw>build</hw> \K/bIld/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.tr.\i \I(past\i and \Ipast. part.\i \Bbuilt\b \K/bIlt/\k)\p\B1\b \IBuilding\i \Ba\b construct (a house, vehicle, fire, road, model, etc.) by putting parts or material together. \Bb\b commission, finance, and oversee the building of \3(the council has built two new schools).\c\p\B2\b \Ba\b \I(often foll. by \Bup)\b\i establish, develop, make, or accumulate gradually \3(built the business up from nothing).\c \Bb\b \I(often foll. by \Bon)\b\i base (hopes, theories, etc.) \3(ideas built on a false foundation).\c\p\B3\b (as \Bbuilt\b \Iadj.)\i having a specified build \3(sturdily built;\c \2brick-built).\c\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the proportions of esp. the human body \3(a slim build).\c\p\B2\b a style of construction; a make \3(build of his suit was pre-war).\c\p\Bbuild in\b incorporate as part of a structure.\p\Bbuild in\b (or \Bround\b or \Bup)\b surround with houses etc.; block up.\p\Bbuild on\b add (an extension etc.).\p\Bbuild up\b\p\B1\b increase in size or strength.\p\B2\b praise; boost.\p\B3\b gradually become established.\p\1built on sand\c unstable. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibyldan\i from \Ibold\i 'dwelling', from Germanic\c
<hw>builder</hw> \K/"bIld\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBuilding\i\p\B1\b a contractor for building houses etc.; a master builder.\p\B2\b a person engaged as a bricklayer etc. on a building site.
<hw>builders' merchant</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IBuilding\i a supplier of materials to builders.\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED Aug 93\k
<hw>building</hw> \K/"bIldIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBuilding\i\p\B1\b a permanent fixed structure forming an enclosure and providing protection from the elements etc. (e.g. a house, school, factory, or stable).\p\B2\b the constructing of such structures.
<hw>building line</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBuilding\i a limit or boundary between a house and a street beyond which the owner may not build.
<hw>building site</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBuilding\i an area before or during the construction of a house etc.
<hw>building society</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IFinance\i a financial organization which accepts investments at interest and lends capital for mortgages on houses etc.
<hw>build-up</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a favourable description in advance; publicity.\p\B2\b a gradual approach to a climax or maximum \3(the build-up was slow but sure).\c\p\B3\b an accumulation or increase.\Ksense 3 new in COD9 f. POD Aug 93\k
<hw>built</hw> \I\Ipast\i and \Ipast part.\i of\i \J\Xbuild\x.\j
<hw>built-in</hw> \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IFurniture\i forming an integral part of a structure.\p\B2\b \IPsychol\i inherent, integral, innate \3(built-in obsolescence;\c \2built-in integrity).\c
<hw>built-up</hw> \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IDemog\i (of a locality) densely covered by houses etc.\p\B2\b increased in height etc. by the addition of parts.\p\B3\b composed of separately prepared parts.
<hw>bulb</hw> \K/bVlb/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBot\i \Ba\b a fleshy-leaved storage organ of some plants (e.g. lily, onion) sending roots downwards and leaves upwards. \Bb\b a plant grown from this, e.g. a daffodil.\p\B2\b = \J\Xlight bulb\x.\j\p\B3\b any object or part shaped like a bulb. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ibulbus\i from Greek \Ibolbos\i 'onion'\c
<hw>bulbil</hw> \K/"bVlbIl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot.\i\p\B1\b a small bulb which grows among the leaves or flowers of a plant.\p\B2\b a small bulb at the side of an ordinary bulb.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \Ibulbillus,\i diminutive of \Ibulbus\i 'bulb'\c
<hw>bulbous</hw> \K/"bVlb\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b shaped like a bulb; fat or bulging.\p\B2\b having a bulb or bulbs.\p\B3\b (of a plant) growing from a bulb.
<hw>bulbul</hw> \K/"bUlbUl/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool\i an Asian or African songbird of the family Pycnonotidae, of dull plumage with contrasting bright patches.\p\B2\b a singer or poet. \BEtymology:\b \3Persian from Arabic, of imitative origin\c
<hw>Bulgar</hw> \K/"bVlgA:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPeople\i\p\B1\b a member of a tribe who settled in what is now Bulgaria in the 7th c.\p\B2\b a Bulgarian. \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \IBulgarus\i from Old Bulgarian \IBlugarinu\i\c
<hw>bulgar</hw> \K/"bVlg\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bbulgur)\b \IFood\i a cereal food of whole wheat partially boiled then dried, eaten esp. in Turkey. \BEtymology:\b \3Turkish\c
<hw>Bulgarian</hw> \K/bVl"gE:rI\F'\nn/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPeople\i \Ba\b a native or national of Bulgaria. \Bb\b a person of Bulgarian descent.\p\B2\b \ILanguage\i the language of Bulgaria. \Iadj.\i of or relating to Bulgaria or its people or language. \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \IBulgaria\i from \IBulgarus:\i see \J\XBulgar\x\j\c
<hw>bulge</hw> \K/bVldZ/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a convex part of an otherwise flat or flatter surface. \Bb\b an irregular swelling; a lump.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i a temporary increase in quantity or number \3(baby bulge).\c\p\B3\b \INaut.\i the bilge of a ship.\p\B4\b \IMil.\i a salient.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i swell outwards.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i be full or replete.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i swell (a bag, cheeks, etc.) by stuffing.\p\1have (or get) the bulge on\c \BBrit.\b \Islang\i have or get an advantage over. \Bbulgingly\b \Iadv.\i \Bbulgy\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iboulge,\i \Ibouge\i from Latin \Ibulga:\i see \J\Xbudget\x\j\c
<hw>bulimia</hw> \K/bjU"lImI\F'\n/, /bU-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed.\i\p\B1\b insatiable overeating.\p\B2\b (in full \Bbulimia nervosa)\b an emotional disorder in which bouts of extreme overeating are followed by depression and self-induced vomiting, purging, or fasting. \Bbulimic\b \Iadj. & n.\i \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from Greek \Iboulimia\i from \Ibous\i 'ox' + \Ilimos\i 'hunger'\c
<hw>bulk</hw> \K/bVlk/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \I(usu. prec. by \Bthe\b and foll. by \Bof;\b\i \Ithe verb agrees with the complement)\i the greater part or number \3(the bulk of the applicants are women;\c \2the bulk of the book is boring).\c\p\B2\b \Ba\b size, magnitude, or volume (esp. large) \3(its bulk is enormous).\c \Bb\b a large mass or shape. \Bc\b great quantity or volume \I(often \Battrib.:\b\i \2a bulk supplier).\c\p\B3\b a bodily frame of large proportions \3(jacket barely covered his bulk).\c\p\B4\b roughage in food.\p\B5\b \INaut.\i a ship's cargo, esp. unpackaged.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i seem in respect of size or importance \3(bulks large in his reckoning).\c\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \ICommerce\i make (a book, a textile yarn, etc.) seem thicker by suitable treatment \3(bulked it with irrelevant stories).\c\p\B3\b \Itr.\i combine (consignments etc.).\p\1break bulk\c \INaut\i begin unloading cargo.\p\1in bulk\c\p\B1\b in large quantities, usu. at a lower price.\p\B2\b \INaut\i (of a cargo) loose, not packaged. \BEtymology:\b \3sense 'cargo' from Old Norse \Ib·lki;\i sense 'mass' etc. perhaps alteration of obsolete \Ibouk\i (see \J\Xbuck\x (5))\j\c
<hw>bulk buying</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i\p\B1\b buying in large amounts at a discount.\p\B2\b the purchase by one buyer of all or most of a producer's output. \Bbulk-buy\b \Iv.tr.\i\K-buy new in COD9 f. corpus, COD box Aug 93\k
<hw>bulkhead</hw> \K/"bVlkhEd/\k\p\In.\i\p\INaut Aeron. etc.\i an upright partition separating the compartments in a ship, aircraft, vehicle, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3\Ibulk\i 'stall' from Old Norse \Ibßlkr\i + \J\Xhead\x\j\c
<hw>bulky</hw> \K/"bVlki/\k \Iadj.\i \B(bulkier,\b \Bbulkiest)\b\p\B1\b taking up much space, large.\p\B2\b awkwardly large, unwieldy. \Bbulkily\b \Iadv.\i \Bbulkiness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>bull (1)</hw> \K/bUl/\k \In., adj., & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool.\i \Ba\b an uncastrated male bovine animal. \Bb\b a male of the whale, elephant, and other large animals.\p\B2\b \B(the Bull)\b \IAstrol Astron\i the zodiacal sign or constellation Taurus.\p\B3\b \BBrit.\b \ISport\i the bull's-eye of a target.\p\B4\b \IStock Exch.\i a person who buys shares hoping to sell them at a higher price later (cf. \J\Xbear\x (2)).\j \Iattrib.adj.\i like that of a bull \3(bull neck).\c\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr. & intr.\i act or treat violently.\p\B2\b \IStock Exch.\i \Ba\b \Iintr.\i speculate for a rise. \Bb\b \Itr.\i raise price of (stocks, etc.).\p\1bull at a gate\c \BBrit.\b a hasty or rash person.\p\1bull in a china shop\c a reckless or clumsy person.\p\1take the bull by the horns\c face danger or challenge boldly. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English (in place names) from Old Norse \Iboli:\i cf. \J\Xbullock\x\j\c
<hw>bull (2)</hw> \K/bUl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i a papal edict. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ibulle\i from Latin \Ibulla\i 'rounded object', in medieval Latin 'seal'\c
<hw>bull (3)</hw> \K/bUl/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b (also \BIrish bull)\b an expression containing a contradiction in terms or implying ludicrous inconsistency.\p\B2\b \Islang\i \I(cf.\i \J\Xbullshit\x)\j \Ba\b nonsense. \Bb\b trivial or insincere talk or writing. \Bc\b unnecessary routine tasks or discipline. \Bd\b \BUS\b a bad blunder. \BEtymology:\b \317th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>bullace</hw> \K/"bUlIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a thorny shrub, Prunus insititia, of the rose family, bearing globular yellow or purple-black fruits, of which the damson is the cultivated form. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ibuloce,\i \Ibeloce\i\c
<hw>bulldog</hw> \K/"bUldQg/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool\i \Ba\b a dog of a sturdy powerful breed with a large head and smooth hair. \Bb\b this breed.\p\B2\b a tenacious and courageous person.
<hw>bulldog ant</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BAustral.\b \IZool\i a large ant with a powerful sting.
<hw>bulldog clip</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Ipropr.\i a strong sprung clip for papers.
<hw>bulldoze</hw> \K/"bUld\F'\nUz/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \IBuilding\i clear with a bulldozer.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i \Ba\b intimidate. \Bb\b make (one's way) forcibly. \BEtymology:\b \3\Ibulldose\i (or \I-doze)\i \IUS\i = intimidate, from \J\Xbull\x (1):\j second element uncertain\c
<hw>bulldozer</hw> \K/"bUld\F'\nUz\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBuilding\i a powerful tractor with a broad curved upright blade at the front for clearing ground.\p\B2\b a forceful and domineering person.
<hw>bullet</hw> \K/"bUlIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i\p\B1\b a projectile of lead etc. (orig. round but now usu. cylindrical and pointed) for firing from a rifle, revolver, etc.\p\B2\b \IPrinting\i a small usu. solid circle used to introduce and emphasize a line, an item in a list, etc.\Ksense 2 new f. SOED Dec 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iboulet,\i \Iboulette,\i diminutive of \Iboule\i 'ball', from Latin \Ibulla\i 'bubble'\c
<hw>bullet-headed</hw> \Iadj.\i \IAnat\i having a round head.
<hw>bulletin</hw> \K/"bUlItIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a short official statement of news.\p\B2\b a regular list of information etc. issued by an organization or society. \BEtymology:\b \3French from Italian \Ibullettino,\i diminutive of \Ibulletta\i 'passport', diminutive of \Ibulla\i 'seal, \J\Xbull\x (2)\j'\c
<hw>bulletin board</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \BN. Amer.\b a noticeboard.\p\B2\b \IComputing\i an information storage system for any authorized computer user to access and add to from a remote terminal.\Ksense new f. OERD, NSOED May 94\k
<hw>bulletproof</hw> \K/"bUlItpru:f/\k \Iadj.\i (of a material) designed to resist the penetration of bullets.\Kv. omitted on lack of evidence Aug 93\k
<hw>bullet train</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ITransport\i a high-speed passenger train, esp. in Japan.\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED Aug 93\k
<hw>bull-fiddle</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BUS\b \IMus\i \Icolloq.\i a double bass.
<hw>bullfight</hw> \K/"bUlfVIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISport Bullfighting\i a public spectacle, esp. in Spain, at which a bull is baited and, finally, usu. killed. \Bbullfighter\b\p\In.\i\p\Bbullfighting\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>bullfinch</hw> \K/"bUlfIn(t)S/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a stocky Eurasian finch of the genus \IPyrrhula\i with a short stout bill, esp. P. pyrrhula, which is mainly grey with a pink breast.
<hw>bullfrog</hw> \K/"bUlfrQg/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a large frog, Rana catesbiana, native to N. America, with a deep croak.
<hw>bullhead</hw> \K/"bUlhEd/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool.\i any of various freshwater fishes with large flattened heads.
<hw>bullion</hw> \K/"bUlj(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMineral\i a metal (esp. gold or silver) in bulk before coining, or valued by weight. \BEtymology:\b \3Anglo-French = mint, variant of Old French \Ibouillon,\i ultimately from Latin \Ibullire\i 'boil'\c
<hw>bullish</hw> \K/"bUlIS/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b like a bull, esp. in nature; impetuous, aggressive.\p\B2\b \Ba\b \IStock Exch.\i causing or associated with a rise in prices. \Bb\b aggressively optimistic.\Ksense 2b new f. SOED, incomings Aug 93\k \Bbullishly\b \Iadv.\i \Bbullishness\b\p\In.\i\p\K-ly and -ness new f. SOED Aug 93\k
<hw>bull market</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IStock Exch\i a market with shares rising in price.
<hw>bull-nose</hw> \Iattrib.adj.\i (also \Bbull-nosed)\b with rounded end.
<hw>bullock</hw> \K/"bUl\F'\nk/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\pa castrated male of domestic cattle, raised for beef. \Iv.intr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bat)\b\i \BAustral.\b \Icolloq.\i work very hard. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibulluc,\i diminutive of \J\Xbull\x (1)\j\c
<hw>bullocky</hw> \K/"bUl\F'\nki/\k\p\In.\i\p\BAustral.\b & \BNZ\b \IAgriculture\i \Icolloq.\i a bullock driver.
<hw>bullring</hw> \K/"bUlrIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISport Bullfighting\i an arena for bullfights.
<hw>bull session</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b an informal group discussion. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbull\x (3)\j\c
<hw>bull's-eye</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ISport\i \Ba\b the centre of a target. \Bb\b a shot that hits this.\K1b new in COD9 f. Wordfinder Aug 93\k\p\B2\b \IFood\i a large hard peppermint-flavoured sweet.\p\B3\b \INaut\i a hemisphere or thick disc of glass in a ship's deck or side to admit light.\p\B4\b \IArchit\i a small circular window.\p\B5\b \Ba\b a hemispherical lens. \Bb\b a lantern fitted with this.\p\B6\b \IGlass-making\i a boss of glass at the centre of a blown glass sheet.
<hw>bullshit</hw> \K/"bUlSIt/\k \In. & v.\i \Icoarse slang\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \I(often as \Bint.)\b\i nonsense, rubbish.\p\B2\b trivial or insincere talk or writing. \Iv.intr. & tr.\i \B(-shitted,\b \B-shitting)\b talk nonsense or as if one has specialist knowledge (to). \Bbullshitter\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbull\x (3)\j + \J\Xshit\x\j\c
<hw>bull terrier</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i\p\B1\b a short-haired dog of a breed that is a cross between a bulldog and a terrier.\p\B2\b this breed.
<hw>bulltrout</hw> \K/"bUltraUt/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IZool\i a sea trout.
<hw>bully (1)</hw> \K/"bUli/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b a person who uses strength or power to coerce others by fear. \Iv.tr.\i \B(-ies,\b \B-ied)\b\p\B1\b persecute or oppress by force or threats.\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Binto\b + verbal noun)\i pressure or coerce (a person) to do something \3(bullied him into agreeing).\c \BEtymology:\b \3originally as a term of endearment, probably from Middle Dutch \Iboele\i 'lover'\c
<hw>bully (2)</hw> \K/"bUli/\k \Iadj. & int.\i \Icolloq.\i \Iadj.\i \Besp. N. Amer.\b very good; first-rate. \Iint.\i \I(foll. by \Bfor)\b\i expressing admiration or approval \I(often \Biron.:\b\i \2bully for them!).\c \BEtymology:\b \3perhaps from \J\Xbully\x (1)\j\c
<hw>bully (3)</hw> \K/"bUli/\k \In. & v.\i (in full \Bbully off)\b \ISport Hockey\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b the start of play in hockey in which two opponents strike each other's sticks three times and then go for the ball. \Iv.intr.\i \B(-ies,\b \B-ied)\b start play in this way. \BEtymology:\b \319th c.: perhaps from \Ibully,\i a scrum in Eton football, of unknown origin\c
<hw>bully (4)</hw> \K/"bUli/\k\p\In.\i\p(in full \Bbully beef)\b \IFood\i corned beef. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ibouilli\i 'boiled beef' from \Ibouillir\i \J\Xboil\x (1)\j\c
<hw>bully boy</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICriminol\i a hired ruffian.
<hw>bulrush</hw> \K/"bUlrVS/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b = \J\Xreed mace\x.\j\p\B2\b \IWeaving\i a rushlike water plant, Scirpus lacustris, used for weaving.\p\B3\b \IBibl.\i a papyrus plant. \BEtymology:\b \3perhaps from \J\Xbull\x (1)\j = large, coarse, as in \Ibullfrog,\i \Ibulltrout,\i etc.\c
<hw>bulwark</hw> \K/"bUlw\F'\nk/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IFortification\i a defensive wall, esp. of earth; a rampart; a mole or breakwater.\p\B2\b a person, principle, etc., that acts as a defence.\p\B3\b \I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i \INaut\i a ship's side above deck. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Middle Low German, Middle Dutch \Ibolwerk:\i see \J\Xbole\x (1),\j \J\Xwork\x\j\c
<hw>bum (1)</hw> \K/bVm/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \Islang\i the buttocks. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English \Ibom,\i of unknown origin\c
<hw>bum (2)</hw> \K/bVm/\k \In., v., & adj.\i \Islang\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \BN. Amer.\b a vagrant.\Ksense 1 new f. Kpb. Sept 94\k\p\B2\b a habitual loafer; a lazy dissolute person \3(beach bum).\c\p\Iv.\i\p\B(bummed,\b \Bbumming)\b\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Babout,\b \Baround)\b\i loaf or wander around; be a bum.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i get by begging; cadge. \Iattrib.adj.\i of poor quality.\p\1on the bum\c vagrant, begging. \BEtymology:\b \3probably an abbreviation or back-formation from \J\Xbummer\x\j\c
<hw>bumbag</hw> \K/"bVmbag/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IClothing\i \Icolloq.\i a small pouch for money and other valuables, on a belt worn round the waist or hips.
<hw>bum-bailiff</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Ihist.\i a bailiff empowered to collect debts or arrest debtors for non-payment. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbum\x (1),\j so called as approaching from behind\c
<hw>bumble</hw> \K/"bVmb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iv.intr.\i\p\B1\b \I(foll. by \Bon)\b\i speak in a rambling incoherent way.\p\B2\b (often as \Bbumbling\b \Iadj.)\i move or act ineptly; blunder.\p\B3\b make a buzz or hum. \Bbumbler\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xboom\x (1)\j + \J\X-le\x (4):\j partly from \Ibumble\i = blunderer\c
<hw>bumble-bee</hw> \K/"bVmb(\F'\n)lbi:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a large social bee of the genus \IBombus,\i with a loud hum. \IAlso called\i \Ihumble-bee.\i \BEtymology:\b \3as \J\Xbumble\x\j\c
<hw>bumboat</hw> \K/"bVmb\F'\nUt/\k\p\In.\i\p\INaut\i a small boat plying with provisions etc. for ships. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbum\x (1)\j (originally a scavenger's boat removing refuse etc. from ships)\c
<hw>bumboy</hw> \K/"bVmbOI/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISex\i \Islang\i a young male homosexual, esp. a prostitute.\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED Aug 93\k
<hw>bum fluff</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Islang\i an adolescent's first beard growth.\Knew in COD9 f. COD box, corpus Aug 93\k
<hw>bumiputra</hw> \K/bu:mI"pu:tr\F'\n/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i same or \B-s)\b \IPeople\i a Malaysian of indigenous Malay origin. \Iadj.\i of or relating to the bumiputra.\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED, News Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Malay from Sanskrit, = son of the soil\c
<hw>bummalo</hw> \K/"bVm\F'\nl\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i same) \IZool\i a small fish, Harpodon nehereus, of S. Asian coasts, dried and used as food (see \J\XBombay duck\x).\j \BEtymology:\b \3perhaps from Marathi \Ibombil(a)\i\c
<hw>bummer</hw> \K/"bVm\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Besp. N. Amer.\b \Islang\i\p\B1\b an idler; a loafer.\p\B2\b an unpleasant occurrence. \BEtymology:\b \319th c.: perhaps from German \IBummler\i\c
<hw>bump</hw> \K/bVmp/\k \In., v., & adv.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a dull-sounding blow or collision.\p\B2\b a swelling or dent caused by this.\p\B3\b an uneven patch on a road, field, etc.\p\B4\b \Ihist.\i any prominence on the skull formerly thought to indicate a particular mental faculty.\p\B5\b \IRowing\i (in narrow-river races where boats make a spaced start one behind another) the point at which a boat begins to overtake (and usu. touches) the boat ahead, thereby defeating it.\p\B6\b \IAeron.\i \Ba\b an irregularity in an aircraft's motion. \Bb\b \IMeteorol\i a rising air current causing this.\p\B7\b \B(the bumps)\b \BBrit.\b (on a person's birthday) the act of lifting a person by the arms and legs and letting him or her down on to the ground, once for each year of age.\Ksense 7 new in COD9 f. DJT, CED Aug 93\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \Itr.\i hit or come against with a bump. \Bb\b \Iintr.\i (of two objects) collide.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bagainst,\b \Binto)\b\i hit with a bump; collide with.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bagainst,\b \Bon)\b\i hurt or damage by striking \3(bumped my head on the ceiling;\c \2bumped the car while parking).\c\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Balong)\b\i move or travel with much jolting \3(we bumped along the road).\c\p\B5\b \Itr.\i \ISport Rowing\i (in a boat race) gain a bump against.\p\B6\b \Itr.\i \BN. Amer.\b displace, esp. by seniority. \Iadv.\i with a bump; suddenly; violently.\p\1bump into\c \Icolloq.\i meet by chance.\p\1bump off\c \Islang\i murder.\p\1bump up\c \Icolloq.\i increase (prices etc.). \BEtymology:\b \316th c., imitative: perhaps from Scandinavian\c
<hw>bumper</hw> \K/"bVmp\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMotoring\i a horizontal bar or strip fixed across the front or back of a motor vehicle to reduce damage in a collision or as a trim.\p\B2\b \I(usu. \Battrib.)\b\i an unusually large or fine example \3(a bumper crop).\c\p\B3\b \ICricket\i = \J\Xbouncer\x 2.\j\p\B4\b \IDrink\i a brim-full glass of wine etc.
<hw>bumper car</hw>\p\In.\i\p= \J\Xdodgem\x.\j
<hw>bumph</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xbumf\x.\j
<hw>bumpkin</hw> \K/"bVm(p)kIn/\k\p\In.\i\pa rustic or socially inept person. \BEtymology:\b \3perhaps Dutch \Iboomken\i 'little tree' or Middle Dutch \Ibommekijn\i 'little barrel'\c
<hw>bump-start</hw> \In. & v.tr.\i \BBrit.\b \IMotoring\i = \J\Xpush-start\x.\j\Knew in COD9 f. News Aug 93\k
<hw>bumptious</hw> \K/"bVm(p)S\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i offensively self-assertive or conceited. \Bbumptiously\b \Iadv.\i \Bbumptiousness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbump\x,\j on the pattern of \J\Xfractious\x\j\c
<hw>bumpy</hw> \K/"bVmpi/\k \Iadj.\i \B(bumpier,\b \Bbumpiest)\b\p\B1\b having many bumps \3(a bumpy road).\c\p\B2\b affected by bumps \3(a bumpy ride).\c \Bbumpily\b \Iadv.\i \Bbumpiness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>bum rap</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b \Islang\i \ICriminol\i imprisonment on a false charge. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbum\x (2)\j\c
<hw>bum's rush</hw>\p\In.\i\p\I(prec. by \Bthe)\b\i \BN. Amer.\b \Islang\i\p\B1\b forcible ejection.\p\B2\b abrupt dismissal.\Ksense 2 new f. Kpb Sept 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbum\x (2)\j\c
<hw>bum steer</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b \Islang\i false information. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbum\x (2)\j + \Isteer\i 'a piece of advice'\c
<hw>bum-sucker</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \Icoarse slang\i a toady. \Bbum-sucking\b\p\In.\i\p\Kbum-sucking subsumed Aug 92 aaw\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbum\x (1)\j\c
<hw>bun</hw> \K/bVn/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ICookery\i a small usu. sweetened bread roll or cake, often with dried fruit.\p\B2\b \BSc.\b \ICookery\i a rich fruit cake or currant bread.\p\B3\b \IHairdressing\i hair worn drawn back into a tight coil at the back of the head.\p\B4\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \BN. Amer.\b \IAnat.\i \Islang\i the buttocks.\Ksense 4 new in COD9 f. News Aug 93\k\p\1have a bun in the oven\c \Islang\i be pregnant. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English: origin unknown\c
<hw>Buna</hw> \K/"bju:n\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i \Ipropr.\i a synthetic rubber made by polymerization of butadiene. \BEtymology:\b \3German (as \J\Xbutadiene\x,\j \INa\i chemical symbol for sodium)\c
<hw>bunch</hw> \K/bVn(t)S/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a cluster of things growing or fastened together \3(bunch of grapes;\c \2bunch of keys).\c\p\B2\b a collection; a set or lot \3(best of the bunch).\c\p\B3\b \Icolloq.\i a group; a gang.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i make into a bunch or bunches; gather into close folds.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i form into a group or crowd. \Bbunchy\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English: origin unknown\c
<hw>bunch grass</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b \IBot\i a grass that grows in clumps, esp. of the genus \IPoa\i or \IFestuca.\i
<hw>bunch of fives</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \Islang\i\p\B1\b a hand or fist.\p\B2\b a punch.\Ksense 2 new in COD9 f. Wordfinder Aug 93\k
<hw>bunco</hw> \K/"bVNk\F'\nU/\k \In. & v.\i \BN. Amer.\b \Islang\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b a swindle, esp. by card-sharping or a confidence trick. \Iv.tr.\i \B(-oes,\b \B-oed)\b swindle, cheat. \BEtymology:\b \3perhaps from Spanish \Ibanca,\i name of a card game\c
<hw>buncombe</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xbunkum\x.\j
<hw>Bundesrat</hw> \K/"bUnd\F'\nzrA:t/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i the Upper House of Parliament in Germany or in Austria. \BEtymology:\b \3German from \IBund\i 'federation' + \IRat\i 'council'\c
<hw>Bundestag</hw> \K/"bUnd\F'\nztA:g/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i the Lower House of Parliament in Germany. \BEtymology:\b \3German from \IBund\i 'federation' + \Itagen\i 'confer'\c
<hw>bundle</hw> \K/"bVnd(\F'\n)l/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a collection of things tied or fastened together.\p\B2\b a set of nerve fibres etc. banded together.\p\B3\b \Islang\i a large amount of money.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bup)\b\i tie in or make into a bundle \3(bundled up my squash kit).\c\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Binto)\b\i throw or push, esp. quickly or confusedly \3(bundled the papers into the drawer).\c\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bout,\b \Boff,\b \Baway,\b etc.)\i send (esp. a person) away hurriedly or unceremoniously \3(bundled them off the premises).\c\p\B4\b \Itr.\i \I(foll. by \Bwith)\b\i (usu. as \Bbundled\b \Iadj.)\i \IComputing\i sell as a package with \3(training is bundled with the software).\c\Ksense 4 new f. corpus Agu 93\k\p\B5\b \Iintr.\i \IAnthropol\i sleep clothed with another person, esp. a fiancΘ(e), as a local custom.\p\1be a bundle of nerves (or prejudices etc.)\c be extremely nervous (or prejudiced etc.).\p\Bbundle up\b dress warmly or cumbersomely.\p\1go a bundle on\c \BBrit.\b \Islang\i be very fond of. \Bbundler\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, perhaps from Old English \Ibyndelle\i 'a binding', but also from Low German, Dutch \Ibundel\i\c
<hw>bun fight</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \Islang\i a tea party.
<hw>bung (1)</hw> \K/bVN/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\pa stopper for closing a hole in a container, esp. a cask. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b stop with a bung.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b \Islang\i throw, toss.\p\Bbunged up\b closed, blocked. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle Dutch \Ibonghe\i\c
<hw>bungalow</hw> \K/"bVNg\F'\nl\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\IArchit\i a one-storeyed house. \BEtymology:\b \3Gujarati \Ibangalo\i from Hindustani \Ibangla\i 'belonging to Bengal'\c
<hw>bungee</hw> \K/"bVndZi/\k\p\In.\i\p(in full \Bbungee cord,\b \Brope)\b an elasticated cord or rope, used for securing baggage and in bungee jumping.\Knew in COD9 f. POD Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3origin unknown\c
<hw>bungee jumping</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ISport\i the sport of jumping from a height while secured by a bungee from the ankles, or by a harness.\Knew in COD9 f. POD, corpus Aug 93\k \Bbungee jumper\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>bung-hole</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IDrink\i a hole for filling or emptying a cask etc.
<hw>bungle</hw> \K/"bVNg(\F'\n)l/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i blunder over, mismanage, or fail at (a task).\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i work badly or clumsily.\p\In.\i\pa bungled attempt; bungled work. \Bbungler\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3imitative: cf. \J\Xbumble\x\j\c
<hw>bunion</hw> \K/"bVnj(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a swelling on the foot, esp. at the first joint of the big toe. \BEtymology:\b \3Old French \Ibuignon\i from \Ibuigne\i 'bump on the head'\c
<hw>bunk (1)</hw> \K/bVNk/\k\p\In.\i\pa sleeping berth, esp. a shelf-like bed against a wall, e.g. in a ship. \BEtymology:\b \318th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>bunk (2)</hw> \K/bVNk/\k \Iv. & n.\i \BBrit.\b \Islang\i \Iv.tr.\i \I(also \Babsol.;\b often foll. by \Boff)\b\i play truant from (school etc.).\p\In.\i\p(in \Bdo a bunk)\b leave or abscond hurriedly.\Kv. new in COD9 f. POD Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \319th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>bunk (3)</hw> \K/bVNk/\k\p\In.\i\p\Islang\i nonsense, humbug. \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation of \J\Xbunkum\x\j\c
<hw>bunk bed</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IFurniture\i each of two or more beds one above the other, forming a unit.
<hw>bunker</hw> \K/"bVNk\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a large container or compartment for storing fuel.\p\B2\b \IMil\i a reinforced underground shelter, esp. for use in wartime.\p\B3\b \IGolf\i a hollow filled with sand, used as an obstacle in a golf course. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b fill the fuel bunkers of (a ship etc.).\p\B2\b \I(usu. in \Bpassive)\b\i \Ba\b trap in a bunker (in sense 3). \Bb\b \BBrit.\b bring into difficulties. \BEtymology:\b \319th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>bunkhouse</hw> \K/"bVNkhaUs/\k\p\In.\i\pa house where workmen etc. are lodged.
<hw>bunkum</hw> \K/"bVNk\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bbuncombe)\b nonsense; humbug. \BEtymology:\b \3originally \Ibuncombe\i from \IBuncombe\i County in N. Carolina, mentioned in an inconsequential speech made by its Congressman solely to please his constituents, \Ic\i1820\c
<hw>bunny</hw> \K/"bVni/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b a child's name for a rabbit.\p\B2\b \BAustral.\b \Islang\i a victim or dupe.\p\B3\b (in full \Bbunny girl)\b a club hostess, waitress, etc., wearing a skimpy costume with ears and a tail suggestive of a rabbit. \BEtymology:\b \3dialect \Ibun\i 'rabbit'\c
<hw>Bunsen</hw> \K/"bVns(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p(in full \BBunsen burner)\b \IChem\i a small adjustable gas burner used in scientific work as a source of great heat. \BEtymology:\b \3R. W. \IBunsen,\i German chemist d. 1899\c
<hw>bunt (1)</hw> \K/bVnt/\k\p\In.\i\p\INaut\i the baggy centre of a fishing net, sail, etc. \BEtymology:\b \316th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>bunt (2)</hw> \K/bVnt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a disease of wheat caused by the fungus Tilletia caries. \BEtymology:\b \317th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>bunt (3)</hw> \K/bVnt/\k \Iv. & n.\i \BUS\b \IBaseball\i \Iv.tr.\i let (a ball) rebound from the bat without swinging.\p\In.\i\pan instance of bunting.\Ksense butt omitted Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \319th c.: probably related to \J\Xbutt\x (1)\j\c
<hw>buntal</hw> \K/"bVnt(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i the straw from a talipot palm. \BEtymology:\b \3Tagalog\c
<hw>bunting (1)</hw> \K/"bVntIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a seed-eating bird of the family Emberizidae, related to the finches, usu. with a streaked sparrow-like plumage. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English: origin unknown\c
<hw>bunting (2)</hw> \K/"bVntIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b flags and other decorations.\p\B2\b \ITextiles\i a loosely woven fabric used for these. \BEtymology:\b \318th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>buntline</hw> \K/"bVntlVIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\INaut\i a line for confining the bunt (see \J\Xbunt\x (1))\j when furling a sail.
<hw>bunya</hw> \K/"bVnj\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bbunya bunya\b \K/"bVnj\F'\nbVnj\F'\n/\k) \BAustral.\b \IBot\i a tall coniferous tree, Araucaria bidwillii, bearing large edible cones. \BEtymology:\b \3Aboriginal (Queensland)\c
<hw>bunyip</hw> \K/"bVnjIp/\k\p\In.\i\p\BAustral.\b\p\B1\b a fabulous monster inhabiting swamps and lagoons.\p\B2\b an impostor. \BEtymology:\b \3Wemba-wemba \Ibanib\i\c
<hw>buoy</hw> \K/bOI/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\INaut\i\p\B1\b an anchored float serving as a navigation mark or to show reefs etc.\p\B2\b a lifebuoy. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bup)\b\i \Ba\b keep afloat. \Bb\b sustain the courage or spirits of (a person etc.); uplift, encourage.\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Bout)\b\i \INaut\i mark with a buoy or buoys. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English probably from Middle Dutch \Ibo(e)ye,\i from a Germanic base meaning 'signal'\c
<hw>buoyancy</hw> \K/"bOI\F'\nnsi/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the capacity to be or remain buoyant.\p\B2\b resilience; recuperative power.\p\B3\b cheerfulness.
<hw>buoyancy aid</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ISailing etc.\i a sleeveless jacket lined with buoyant material, worn for water sports.\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED, corpus Aug 93\k
<hw>buoyant</hw> \K/"bOI\F'\nnt/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b able or apt to keep afloat or rise to the top of a liquid or gas. \Bb\b (of a liquid or gas) able to keep something afloat.\p\B2\b light-hearted. \Bbuoyantly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ibuoyant\i or Spanish \Iboyante,\i part. of \Iboyar\i 'float' ultimately from the Germanic base of \J\Xbuoy\x\j\c
<hw>BUPA</hw> \K/"bu:p\F'\n/\k \Iabbr.\i \IInsurance Med\i British United Provident Association (a private health insurance organization).\Knew in COD9 f. POD Aug 93\k
<hw>bur</hw> \K/b\F'\n:/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bburr)\b\p\B1\b \IBot\i \Ba\b a prickly clinging seed case or flower head. \Bb\b any plant producing these.\p\B2\b a person hard to shake off.\p\B3\b \ISurgery Dentistry\i = \J\Xburr\x\p\In.\i\p2.\j \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English: related to Danish \Iburre\i 'bur, burdock', Swedish \Ikard-borre\i 'burdock'\c
<hw>burb</hw> \K/b\F'\n:b/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i \BN. Amer.\b \Icolloq.\i a suburb.\Knew f. OERD Sept 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation\c
<hw>Burberry</hw> \K/"b\F'\n:b(\F'\n)ri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IClothing\i \Ipropr.\i a distinctive type of raincoat.\Knew f. OED, corpus Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3\IBurberry's,\i name of the manufacturer\c
<hw>burble</hw> \K/"b\F'\n:b(\F'\n)l/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.intr.\i\p\B1\b speak ramblingly; make a murmuring noise.\p\B2\b \IAeron.\i (of an airflow) break up into turbulence.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a murmuring noise.\p\B2\b rambling speech. \Bburbler\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English: imitative\c
<hw>burbot</hw> \K/"b\F'\n:b\F'\nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i an eel-like flat-headed bearded freshwater fish, Lota lota. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, from Old French \Iborbete,\i probably from \Iborbe\i 'mud, slime'\c
<hw>burden</hw> \K/"b\F'\n:d(\F'\n)n/\k \In. & v.\i (also \Iarchaic\i \Bburthen\b \K/"b\F'\n:D(\F'\n)n/\k)\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a load, esp. a heavy one.\p\B2\b an oppressive duty, obligation, expense, emotion, etc.\p\B3\b the bearing of loads \3(beast of burden).\c\p\B4\b \INaut\i a ship's carrying capacity, tonnage.\p\B5\b \Ba\b the refrain or chorus of a song. \Bb\b the chief theme or gist of a speech, book, poem, etc. \Iv.tr.\i load with a burden; encumber, oppress. \Bburdensome\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibyrthen:\i related to \J\Xbirth\x\j\c
<hw>burden of proof</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i the obligation to prove one's case.
<hw>burdock</hw> \K/"b\F'\n:dQk/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i any plant of the genus \IArctium,\i with prickly flowers and docklike leaves. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbur\x\j + \J\Xdock\x (3)\j\c
<hw>bureau</hw> \K/"bjU\F'\nr\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bbureaux\b or \Bbureaus\b \K/-r\F'\nUz/\k)\p\B1\b \IFurniture\i \Ba\b \BBrit.\b a writing desk with drawers and usu. an angled top opening downwards to form a writing surface. \Bb\b \BN. Amer.\b a chest of drawers.\p\B2\b \Ba\b an office or department for transacting specific business. \Bb\b \IPolit\i a government department. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = desk, originally its baize covering, from Old French \Iburel\i from \Ibure,\i \Ibuire\i 'dark brown', ultimately from Greek \Ipurros\i 'red'\c
<hw>bureaucracy</hw> \K/bjU(\F'\n)"rQkr\F'\nsi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \IPolit\i \Ba\b government by central administration. \Bb\b a state or organization so governed.\p\B2\b the officials of such a government, esp. regarded as oppressive and inflexible.\p\B3\b conduct typical of such officials. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ibureaucratie:\i see \J\Xbureau\x\j\c
<hw>bureaucrat</hw> \K/"bjU\F'\nr\F'\nkrat/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an official in a bureaucracy.\p\B2\b an inflexible or insensitive administrator. \Bbureaucratic\b \K/-"kratIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Bbureaucratically\b \K/-"kratIk(\F'\n)li/\k \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ibureaucrate\i (as \J\Xbureaucracy\x)\j\c
<hw>bureaucratize</hw> \K/bjU(\F'\n)"rQkr\F'\ntVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b \IPolit\i govern by or transform into a bureaucratic system. \Bbureaucratization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>burette</hw> \K/bjU"rEt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Bburet)\b \IChem\i a graduated glass tube with a tap at one end, for measuring out small volumes of liquid in chemical analysis. \BEtymology:\b \3French\c
<hw>burg</hw> \K/b\F'\n:g/\k\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b \Icolloq.\i a town or city. \BEtymology:\b \3see \J\Xborough\x\j\c
<hw>burgage</hw> \K/"b\F'\n:gIdZ/\k\p\In.\i\p\Ihist.\i (in England and Scotland) tenure of land in a town on a yearly rent. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, from medieval Latin \Iburgagium\i from \Iburgus\i \J\Xborough\x\j\c
<hw>burgee</hw> \K/b\F'\n:"dZi:/\k\p\In.\i\p\INaut\i a flag bearing the colours or emblem of a sailing club. \BEtymology:\b \318th c.: perhaps = (ship)owner, ultimately French \Ibourgeois:\i see \J\Xburgess\x\j\c
<hw>burgeon</hw> \K/"b\F'\n:dZ(\F'\n)n/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iliterary\i \Iv.intr.\i\p\B1\b begin to grow rapidly; flourish.\p\B2\b \IBot\i put forth young shoots; bud.\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a bud or young shoot. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ibor-,\i \Iburjon,\i ultimately from Late Latin \Iburra\i 'wool'\c
<hw>burger</hw> \K/"b\F'\n:g\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i\p\B1\b \Icolloq.\i a hamburger.\p\B2\b \I(in \Bcomb.)\b\i a certain kind of hamburger or variation of it \3(beefburger;\c \2nutburger).\c \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation\c
<hw>burgess</hw> \K/"b\F'\n:dZIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b an inhabitant of a town or borough, esp. of one with full municipal rights.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b \IParl\i \Ihist.\i a Member of Parliament for a borough, corporate town, or university.\p\B3\b \BUS\b a borough magistrate or governor. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iburgeis,\i ultimately from Late Latin \Iburgus\i \J\Xborough\x\j\c
<hw>burgh</hw> \K/"bVr\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Ihist.\i a Scottish borough or chartered town. \Bburghal\b \K/"b\F'\n:g(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Scots form of \J\Xborough\x\j\c
<hw>burgher</hw> \K/"b\F'\n:g\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a citizen or freeman, esp. of a Continental town.\p\B2\b \BS.Afr.\b \Ihist.\i a citizen of a Boer republic.\p\B3\b a descendant of a Dutch or Portuguese colonist in Sri Lanka. \BEtymology:\b \3German \IBurger\i or Dutch \Iburger,\i from \IBurg,\i \Iburg\i \J\Xborough\x\j\c
<hw>burglar</hw> \K/"b\F'\n:gl\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICriminol\i a person who commits burglary. \Bburglarious\b \K/-"glE:rI\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3legal Anglo-French \Iburgler,\i related to Old French \Iburgier\i 'pillage'\c
<hw>burglary</hw> \K/"b\F'\n:gl\F'\nri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \ICriminol\i\p\B1\b entry into a building illegally with intent to commit theft, do bodily harm, or do damage (before 1968, in English law, a crime under statute and in common law; after 1968 a statutory crime only). \ICf.\i \J\Xhousebreaking\x.\j\p\B2\b an instance of this. \BEtymology:\b \3legal Anglo-French \Iburglarie:\i see \J\Xburglar\x\j\c
<hw>burgle</hw> \K/"b\F'\n:g(\F'\n)l/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\ICriminol\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i commit burglary on (a building or person).\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i commit burglary. \BEtymology:\b \3back-formation from \J\Xburglar\x\j\c
<hw>burgomaster</hw> \K/"b\F'\n:g\F'\nmA:st\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pthe mayor of a Dutch or Flemish town. \BEtymology:\b \3Dutch \Iburgemeester\i from \Iburg\i \J\Xborough\x:\j assimilated to \J\Xmaster\x\j\c
<hw>burgrave</hw> \K/"b\F'\n:greIv/\k\p\In.\i\p\Ihist.\i the ruler of a town or castle. \BEtymology:\b \3German \IBurggraf\i from \IBurg\i \J\Xborough\x\j + \IGraf\i \J\Xcount\x (2)\j\c
<hw>burgundy</hw> \K/"b\F'\n:g\F'\nndi/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IDrink\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b wine (usu. red) from Burgundy in eastern France. \Bb\b a similar wine from another place.\p\B2\b the red colour of burgundy wine. \Iadj.\i of this colour.\Kadj. new f. SOED, corpus Oct 94\k
<hw>burial</hw> \K/"bErI\F'\nl/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the burying of a dead body. \Bb\b a funeral.\p\B2\b \IArchaeol.\i a grave or its remains. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, erroneously formed as sing. of Old English \Ibyrgels,\i from Germanic: related to \J\Xbury\x\j\c
<hw>burial ground</hw>\p\In.\i\pa cemetery.
<hw>burin</hw> \K/"bjU\F'\nrIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ITools\i a steel tool for engraving on copper or wood.\p\B2\b \IArchaeol.\i a flint tool with a chisel point. \BEtymology:\b \3French\c
<hw>burk</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xberk\x.\j
<hw>burka</hw> \K/"bU\F'\nk\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IClothing Anthropol\i a long enveloping garment worn in public by Muslim women. \BEtymology:\b \3Urdu from Arabic \Iburka'\i\c
<hw>Burkitt's lymphoma</hw> \K/"b\F'\n:kIts/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed.\i a malignant tumour of the lymphatic system, caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, esp. affecting children in central Africa. \BEtymology:\b \3D. P. \IBurkitt,\i British surgeon d. 1993\c
<hw>burl</hw> \K/b\F'\n:l/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ITextiles\i a knot or lump in wool or cloth.\p\B2\b \BN. Amer.\b \IBot\i a rounded flat knotty growth on a tree. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ibourle\i 'tuft of wool', diminutive of \Ibourre\i 'coarse wool', from Late Latin \Iburra\i 'wool'\c
<hw>burlap</hw> \K/"b\F'\n:lap/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITextiles\i\p\B1\b coarse canvas esp. of jute used for sacking etc.\p\B2\b a similar lighter material for use in dressmaking or furnishing. \BEtymology:\b \317th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>burlesque</hw> \K/b\F'\n:"lEsk/\k \In., adj., & v.\i \Iesp. Theatr\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b comic imitation, esp. in parody of a dramatic or literary work. \Bb\b \ITheatr\i a performance or work of this kind. \Bc\b bombast, mock-seriousness.\p\B2\b \BUS\b \ITheatr\i a variety show, often including striptease. \Iadj.\i of or in the nature of burlesque. \Iv.tr.\i \B(burlesques,\b \Bburlesqued,\b \Bburlesquing)\b make or give a burlesque of. \Bburlesquer\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French from Italian \Iburlesco,\i from \Iburla\i 'mockery'\c
<hw>burly</hw> \K/"b\F'\n:li/\k \Iadj.\i \B(burlier,\b \Bburliest)\b of stout sturdy build; big and strong. \Bburliness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English \Iborli,\i probably from an Old English form = 'stately, fit for the bower' \J(\Xbower\x (1))\j\c
<hw>Burmese</hw> \K/b\F'\n:"mi:z/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i same)\p\B1\b \IPeople\i \Ba\b a native or national of Burma (now Myanmar) in SE Asia. \Bb\b a person of Burmese descent.\p\B2\b \IPeople\i a member of the largest ethnic group of Burma.\p\B3\b \ILanguage\i the language of this group.\p\B4\b (in full \BBurmese cat)\b \IZool\i a breed of short-coated domestic cat.\Ksense 4 new in COD9 f. NSOED Aug 93\k \Iadj.\i of or relating to Burma or its people or language.
<hw>burn (1)</hw> \K/b\F'\n:n/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\I(past\i and \Ipast part.\i \Bburnt\b or \Bburned)\b\p\B1\b \Iintr. & tr.\i be or cause to be consumed or destroyed by fire.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \Ba\b blaze or glow with fire. \Bb\b be in the state characteristic of fire.\p\B3\b \Iintr. & tr.\i be or cause to be injured or damaged by fire or great heat or by radiation.\p\B4\b \Itr. & intr.\i use or be used as a source of heat, light, or other energy.\p\B5\b \Itr. & intr.\i \ICookery\i char or scorch in cooking \3(burned the vegetables;\c \2the vegetables are burning).\c\p\B6\b \Itr.\i produce (a hole, a mark, etc.) by fire or heat.\p\B7\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b subject (clay, chalk, etc.) to heat for a purpose. \Bb\b harden (bricks) by fire. \Bc\b make (lime or charcoal) by heat.\p\B8\b \Itr.\i colour, tan, or parch with heat or light \3(we were burnt brown by the sun).\c\p\B9\b \Itr. & intr.\i put or be put to death by fire.\p\B10\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b cauterize, brand. \Bb\b \I(foll. by \Bin)\b\i imprint by burning.\p\B11\b \Itr. & intr.\i make or be hot, give or feel a sensation or pain of or like heat; smart or cause to smart.\p\B12\b \Itr. & intr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i make or be passionate; feel or cause to feel great emotion \3(burn with shame).\c\p\B13\b \Iintr.\i \Islang\i drive fast.\p\B14\b \Itr.\i \BUS\b \Islang\i anger, infuriate.\p\B15\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Binto)\b\i (of acid etc.) gradually penetrate (into) causing disintegration.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a mark or injury caused by burning.\p\B2\b \IAeron\i the ignition of a rocket engine in flight, giving extra thrust.\p\B3\b \BN. Amer.,\b \BAustral.,\b & \BNZ\b \IForestry\i \Ba\b the clearing of vegetation by burning. \Bb\b an area so cleared.\K3b new f. SOED, corresp. Aug 93\k\p\B4\b \BBrit.\b \Islang\i a cigarette.\p\B5\b \BBrit.\b \ISport\i \Islang\i a car race.\p\1burn one's boats\c (or \Besp. N. Amer.\b \Bbridges)\b commit oneself irrevocably.\p\1burn the candle at both ends\c exhaust one's strength or resources by undertaking too much.\p\Bburn down\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b destroy (a building) by burning. \Bb\b (of a building) be destroyed by fire.\p\B2\b burn less vigorously as fuel fails.\p\1burn one's fingers\c suffer for meddling or rashness.\p\1burn a hole in one's pocket\c (of money) be quickly spent.\p\Bburn low\b (of fire) be nearly out.\p\1burn the midnight oil\c read or work late into the night.\p\Bburn out\b\p\B1\b be reduced to nothing by burning.\p\B2\b fail or cause to fail by burning.\p\B3\b \I(usu. \Brefl.)\b\i suffer physical or emotional exhaustion.\p\B4\b consume the contents of by burning.\p\B5\b make (a person) homeless by burning his or her house.\p\Bburn up\b\p\B1\b get rid of by fire.\p\B2\b begin to blaze.\p\B3\b \BN. Amer.\b \Islang\i be or make furious.\p\B4\b \Icolloq.\i traverse at high speed.\Ksense 4 new in COD9 f. NSOED Aug 93\k\p\1have money to burn\c have more money than one needs. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibirnan,\i \Ibµrnan,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>burn (2)</hw> \K/b\F'\n:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BSc.\b & \BN.Engl.\b a small stream. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iburna,\i \Iburn(e),\i from Germanic\c
<hw>burner</hw> \K/"b\F'\n:n\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pthe part of a gas cooker, lamp, etc. that emits and shapes the flame.\p\1on the back (or front) burner\c \Icolloq.\i receiving little (or much) attention.
<hw>burnet</hw> \K/"b\F'\n:nIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBot\i a plant of the genus \ISanguisorba\i (rose family), with globular pinkish flower heads.\p\B2\b \IZool\i any of several diurnal moths of the family Zygaenidae, with crimson spots on greenish-black wings. \BEtymology:\b \3obsolete \Iburnet\i \I(adj.)\i 'dark brown' from Old French \Iburnete\i\c
<hw>burning bush</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b any of various shrubs with red fruits or red autumn leaves.\p\B2\b = \J\Xfraxinella\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3with reference to Exod. 3:2\c
<hw>burning-glass</hw>\p\In.\i\pa lens for concentrating the sun's rays on an object to burn it.
<hw>burnish</hw> \K/"b\F'\n:nIS/\k \Iv.tr.\i polish by rubbing. \Bburnisher\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iburnir\i = \Ibrunir\i 'make brown' from \Ibrun\i \J\Xbrown\x\j\c
<hw>burnous</hw> \K/b\F'\n:"nu:s/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b also \Bburnoose)\b \IClothing\i an Arab or Moorish hooded cloak. \BEtymology:\b \3French, via Arabic \Iburnus\i from Greek \Ibirros\i 'cloak'\c
<hw>burn-out</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b physical or emotional exhaustion, esp. caused by stress.\p\B2\b depression, disillusionment.
<hw>burnt</hw> \Isee\i \J\Xburn\x (1).\j
<hw>burnt ochre</hw> \In. & adj.\i (also \Bburnt sienna\b or \Bburnt umber)\b \IPainting etc.\i\p\In.\i\pa pigment darkened by burning. \Iadj.\i of the colour of any of these pigments.\Kadj. new f. SOED Oct 94\k\Kcolour aaw\k
<hw>burnt offering</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an offering burnt on an altar as a sacrifice.\p\B2\b \Ijoc.\i overcooked or charred food.
<hw>burnt-out</hw> \Iadj.\i physically or emotionally exhausted.
<hw>bur oak</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a N. American oak, Quercus macrocarpa with large fringed acorn-cups.
<hw>burp</hw> \K/b\F'\n:p/\k \Iv. & n.\i \IBiol\i \Icolloq.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i belch.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i make (a baby) belch, usu. by patting its back.\p\In.\i\pa belch. \BEtymology:\b \3imitative\c
<hw>burpee</hw> \K/"b\F'\n:pi:/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISport\i a physical exercise consisting of a squat thrust made from and ending in a standing position.\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Royal H. \IBurpee,\i US psychologist b. 1897\c
<hw>burp gun</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BUS\b \IBallistics\i \Islang\i a lightweight sub-machine gun.
<hw>burr</hw> \K/b\F'\n:/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a whirring sound. \Bb\b \IPhonet\i a rough sounding of the letter \Ir.\i\p\B2\b (also \Bbur)\b \Ba\b a rough edge left on cut or punched metal or paper. \Bb\b \ISurgery Dentistry\i a surgeon's or dentist's small drill.\p\B3\b \IMineral\i \Ba\b a siliceous rock used for millstones. \Bb\b a whetstone.\p\B4\b = \J\Xbur\x 1, 2.\j\p\B5\b \IZool\i the coronet of a deer's antler.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \IPhonet\i pronounce with a burr.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i speak indistinctly.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i make a whirring sound. \BEtymology:\b \3variant of \J\Xbur\x\j\c
<hw>burrawang</hw> \K/"bVr\F'\nwaN/\k\p\In.\i\p\BAustral.\b \IBot\i\p\B1\b any palmlike tree of the genus \IMacrozamia.\i\p\B2\b the nut produced by this tree. \BEtymology:\b \3Mount \IBudawang\i in New South Wales\c
<hw>burrito</hw> \K/bV"ri:t\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b \ICookery\i a tortilla rolled round a savoury filling. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin American Spanish, diminutive of \Iburro\i \J\Xburro\x\j\c
<hw>burro</hw> \K/"bVr\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b \Besp. US\b \IZool\i a small donkey used as a pack animal. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish\c
<hw>burrow</hw> \K/"bVr\F'\nU/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\pa hole or tunnel dug by a small animal, esp. a rabbit, as a dwelling.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i make or live in a burrow.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bin,\b \Bunder,\b etc.)\i make (a hole etc.) by digging.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i hide oneself.\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Binto)\b\i investigate, search. \Bburrower\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, apparently variant of \J\Xborough\x\j\c
<hw>bursa</hw> \K/"b\F'\n:s\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bbursae\b \K/-si:/\k or \Bbursas)\b \IAnat.\i a fluid-filled sac or saclike cavity, esp. one countering friction at a joint. \Bbursal\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin = bag: see \J\Xpurse\x\j\c
<hw>bursar</hw> \K/"b\F'\n:s\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce Education\i\p\B1\b a treasurer, esp. the person in charge of the funds and other property of a college.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b the holder of a bursary. \Bbursarship\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Iboursier\i or (in sense 1) medieval Latin \Ibursarius\i from \Ibursa\i 'bag': see \J\Xpurse\x\j\c
<hw>bursary</hw> \K/"b\F'\n:s\F'\nri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b \IEducation\i a grant, esp. a scholarship.\p\B2\b \ICommerce\i the post or room of a bursar. \Bbursarial\b \K/-"sE:rI\F'\nl/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Ibursaria\i (as \J\Xbursar\x)\j\c
<hw>bursitis</hw> \K/b\F'\n:"sVItIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed.\i inflammation of a bursa.
<hw>burst</hw> \K/b\F'\n:st/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\I(past\i and \Ipast part.\i \Bburst)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b \Iintr.\i break suddenly and violently apart by expansion of contents or internal pressure. \Bb\b \Itr.\i cause to do this. \Bc\b \Itr.\i cause (a container etc.) to split apart or puncture.\p\B2\b \Ba\b \Itr.\i open forcibly. \Bb\b \Iintr.\i come open or be opened forcibly.\p\B3\b \Ba\b \Iintr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bin,\b \Bout)\b\i make one's way suddenly, dramatically, or by force. \Bb\b \Itr.\i break away from or through \3(the river burst its banks).\c\p\B4\b \Itr. & intr.\i fill or be full to overflowing.\p\B5\b \Iintr.\i appear or come suddenly \3(burst into flame;\c \2burst upon the view;\c \2sun burst out).\c\p\B6\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Binto)\b\i suddenly begin to shed or utter \3(esp. burst into tears or laughter or song).\c\p\B7\b \Iintr.\i be as if about to burst because of effort, excitement, etc.\p\B8\b \Itr.\i suffer bursting of \3(burst a blood vessel).\c\p\B9\b \Itr.\i \IComputing\i separate (continuous stationery) into single sheets.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act of or an instance of bursting; a split.\p\B2\b a sudden issuing forth \3(burst of flame).\c\p\B3\b a sudden outbreak \3(burst of applause).\c\p\B4\b \Ba\b a short sudden effort; a spurt. \Bb\b a gallop.\p\B5\b an explosion.\p\Bburst out\b\p\B1\b suddenly begin \3(burst out laughing).\c\p\B2\b exclaim. \Bburster\b\p\In.\i\p(esp. in sense 9 of \Iv.).\i\Kburster new in COD9 f. NSOED Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iberstan,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>burstproof</hw> \K/"b\F'\n:s(t)pru:f/\k \Iadj.\i (of a door lock) able to withstand a violent impact.
<hw>burton (1)</hw> \K/"b\F'\n:t(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\1go for a burton\c \BBrit.\b \Islang\i be lost or destroyed or killed. \BEtymology:\b \320th c.: perhaps \IBurton\i ale from \IBurton-on-Trent\i in England\c
<hw>burton (2)</hw> \K/"b\F'\n:t(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p(in full \Bburton-tackle)\b \IMech\i a light two-block tackle for hoisting. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English \IBreton tackles:\i see \J\XBreton\x\j\c
<hw>bur walnut</hw>\p\In.\i\pwalnut wood containing knots, used as a veneer.\Knew f. OERD May 94\k
<hw>bury</hw> \K/"bEri/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(-ies,\b \B-ied)\b\p\B1\b place (a dead body) in the earth, in a tomb, or in the sea.\p\B2\b lose by death \3(has buried three husbands).\c\p\B3\b \Ba\b put under ground \3(bury alive).\c \Bb\b hide (treasure, a bone, etc.) in the earth. \Bc\b cover up; submerge.\p\B4\b \Ba\b put out of sight \3(buried his face in his hands).\c \Bb\b consign to obscurity \3(the idea was buried after brief discussion).\c \Bc\b put away; forget.\p\B5\b involve deeply \3(buried himself in his work;\c \2was buried in a book).\c\p\1bury the hatchet\c cease to quarrel.\p\1bury one's head in the sand\c ignore unpleasant realities, refuse to face facts.\Kreplaces entry at head Sept 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibyrgan,\i from West Germanic: related to \J\Xburial\x\j\c
<hw>burying beetle</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a sexton beetle.
<hw>burying ground</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bburying place)\b a cemetery.
<hw>bus</hw> \K/bVs/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bbuses\b or \BUS\b \Bbusses)\b\p\B1\b \ITransport\i a large passenger vehicle, esp. one serving the public on a fixed route.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i a motor car, aeroplane, etc.\p\B3\b \IComputing\i a defined set of conductors carrying data and control signals within a computer.\p\Iv.\i\p\B(buses\b or \Bbusses,\b \Bbussed,\b \Bbussing)\b\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i go by bus.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \Besp. N. Amer.\b transport by bus, esp. to promote racial integration.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \BN. Amer.\b \Ba\b carry or clear away (dishes etc.) in a cafeteria. \Bb\b clear (a cafeteria table) of dishes.\Ksense 3 new f. Kpb, NSOED, Sept 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation of \J\Xomnibus\x\j\c
<hw>busbar</hw> \K/"bVsbA:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IElectr.\i a system of conductors in a generating or receiving station on which power is concentrated for distribution.
<hw>busboy</hw> \K/"bVsbOI/\k\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b a person who clears tables etc. in a cafeteria.\Knew f. NSOED Oct 93\k
<hw>busby</hw> \K/"bVzbi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IMil Clothing\i (not in official use) a tall fur hat worn by hussars etc. \BEtymology:\b \318th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>bush (1)</hw> \K/bUS/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBot\i a shrub or clump of shrubs with stems of moderate length.\p\B2\b a thing resembling this, esp. a clump of hair or fur.\p\B3\b (esp. in Australia and Africa) a wild uncultivated district; woodland or forest.\p\B4\b \Ihist.\i a bunch of ivy as a vintner's sign. \Iv.intr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bout)\b\i spread like a bush.\Kv. new f. Kpb, corpus, Inc., Sept 94\k\p\1go bush\c \BAustral.\b leave one's usual surroundings; run wild. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old English & Old Norse, ultimately from Germanic\c
<hw>bush (2)</hw> \K/bUS/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b\p\B1\b \IEngin\i a metal lining for a round hole enclosing a revolving shaft etc.\p\B2\b \IElectr\i a sleeve providing electrical insulation. \Iv.tr.\i provide with a bush. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle Dutch \Ibusse\i \J\Xbox\x (1)\j\c
<hw>bushbaby</hw> \K/"bUSbeIbi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IZool\i a small nocturnal tree-dwelling African primate of the family Lorisidae, with very large eyes. \IAlso called\i \J\Xgalago\x.\j
<hw>bush basil</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a culinary herb, Ocimum minimum.
<hw>bushbuck</hw> \K/"bUSbVk/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a small antelope, Tragelaphus scriptus, of southern Africa, having a chestnut coat with white stripes. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbush\x (1)\j + \J\Xbuck\x (1),\j influenced by Dutch \Iboschbok\i\c
<hw>bushed</hw> \K/bUSt/\k \Iadj.\i \Icolloq.\i\p\B1\b \BAustral.\b & \BNZ\b \Ba\b lost in the bush. \Bb\b bewildered.\p\B2\b tired out.
<hw>bushel</hw> \K/"bUS(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISci\i\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b a measure of capacity equal to 8 gallons and equivalent to 36.4 litres, used for corn, fruit, liquids, etc.\p\B2\b \BUS\b a measure of capacity equal to 64 US pints, used for dry goods.\p\1hide one's light under a bushel\c \Isee\i \J\Xhide\x (1).\j \Bbushelful\b\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-fuls).\b \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ibuissiel\i etc., perhaps of Gaulish origin\c
<hw>bushfire</hw> \K/"bUSfVI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IForestry\i a fire in a forest or in scrub, often spreading widely.
<hw>bushido</hw> \K/"bu:SId\F'\nU/, /bU"Si:d\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\IJapan\i the code of honour and morals evolved by the Japanese samurai. \BEtymology:\b \3Japanese, from \Ibushi\i 'samurai' + \Ido\i 'way'\c
<hw>bush jacket</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IClothing\i a light cotton jacket with a belt.
<hw>bush lawyer</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \BAustral.\b & \BNZ\b a person claiming legal knowledge without qualifications for it.\p\B2\b \BNZ\b \IBot\i a bramble.
<hw>bush league</hw> \In. & adj.\i \BN. Amer.\b\p\In.\i\p\ISport\i a minor league of a professional sport. \Iattrib.adj.\i \B(bush-league)\b \Icolloq.\i inferior, minor, unsophisticated. \Bbush-leaguer\b\p\In.\i\p\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED Aug 93\k
<hw>bushman</hw> \K/"bUSm\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-men)\b\p\B1\b a person who lives or travels in the Australian bush.\p\B2\b \B(Bushman)\b \Ba\b \IPeople\i a member of an aboriginal people in S. Africa. \Bb\b \ILanguage\i the language of this people. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbush\x (1)\j + \J\Xman\x:\j sense 2 influenced by Dutch \Iboschjesman\i\c
<hw>bushmaster</hw> \K/"bUSmA:st\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a venomous viper, Lachesis muta, of Central and S. America. \BEtymology:\b \3perhaps from Dutch \Iboschmeester\i\c
<hw>bushranger</hw> \K/"bUSreIn(d)Z\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Ihist.\i an Australian outlaw living in the bush.
<hw>bush sickness</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a disease of animals due to a lack of cobalt in the soil.
<hw>bush telegraph</hw>\p\In.\i\pa rapid informal spreading of information, a rumour, etc.; the network by which this takes place.
<hw>bushveld</hw> \K/"bUSfElt/, /-vElt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeog\i open country consisting largely of bush. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbush\x (1)\j + \J\Xveld\x,\j influenced by Afrikaans \Ibosveld\i\c
<hw>bushwhack</hw> \K/"bUSwak/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \BUS,\b \BAustral.,\b & \BNZ\b \Ba\b \IGeog\i clear woods and bush country. \Bb\b live or travel in bush country.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \BUS\b ambush.
<hw>bushwhacker</hw> \K/"bUSwak\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \BN. Amer.,\b \BAustral.,\b & \BNZ\b \Ba\b a person who clears woods and bush country. \Bb\b a person who lives or travels in bush country.\p\B2\b \BUS\b a guerrilla fighter (originally in the American Civil War).
<hw>bushy (1)</hw> \K/"bUSi/\k \Iadj.\i \B(bushier,\b \Bbushiest)\b\p\B1\b growing thickly like a bush.\p\B2\b having many bushes.\p\B3\b covered with bush. \Bbushily\b \Iadv.\i \Bbushiness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>bushy (2)</hw> \K/"bUSi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \BAustral.\b & \BNZ\b \Icolloq.\i a person who lives in the bush (as distinct from in a town).
<hw>busily</hw> see \J\Xbusy\x.\j
<hw>business</hw> \K/"bIznIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b one's regular occupation, profession, or trade.\p\B2\b a thing that is one's concern.\p\B3\b \Ba\b a task or duty. \Bb\b a reason for coming \3(what is your business?).\c\p\B4\b serious work or activity \3(get down to business).\c\p\B5\b \Iderog.\i \Ba\b an affair, a matter \3(sick of the whole business).\c \Bb\b \BBrit.\b a structure \3(a lath-and-plaster business).\c\p\B6\b a thing or series of things needing to be dealt with \3(the business of the day).\c\p\B7\b buying and selling; trade \3(good stroke of business).\c\p\B8\b a commercial house or firm.\p\B9\b \ITheatr.\i action on stage.\p\B10\b a difficult matter \3(what a business it is!;\c \2made a great business of it).\c\p\B11\b \B(the business)\b \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i exactly what is required; an exemplary person or thing.\Ksense 12 new in COD9 f. COD box Aug 93\k\p\1has no business to\c has no right to.\p\1in business\c\p\B1\b trading or dealing.\p\B2\b able to begin operations.\p\1in the business of\c\p\B1\b engaged in.\p\B2\b intending to \3(we are not in the business of surrendering).\c\p\1like nobody's business\c \Icolloq.\i extraordinarily.\p\1make it one's business to\c undertake to.\p\1mind one's own business\c not meddle.\p\1on business\c with a definite purpose, esp. one relating to one's regular occupation.\p\1send a person about his or her business\c dismiss a person; send a person away. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibisignis\i (as \J\Xbusy\x,\j \J\X-ness\x)\j\c
<hw>business card</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i a card printed with one's name and professional details.
<hw>business end</hw>\p\In.\i\p\I(prec. by \Bthe)\b\i \Icolloq.\i the functional part of a tool or device.
<hw>businessman</hw> \K/"bIznIsm\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-men;\b \Ifem.\i \Bbusinesswoman,\b \Ipl.\i \B-women)\b a person engaged in trade or commerce, esp. at a senior level (see also \J\Xbusiness person\x).\j
<hw>business park</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IIndustry Commerce\i an area designed to accommodate businesses and light industry.
<hw>business person</hw>\p\In.\i\pa businessman or businesswoman.
<hw>business studies</hw> \In.pl.\i \IEducation\i training in economics, management, etc.
<hw>busk</hw> \K/bVsk/\k \Iv.intr.\i perform (esp. music) for voluntary donations, usu. in the street or in subways. \Bbusker\b\p\In.\i\p\Bbusking\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3\Ibusk\i peddle etc. (perhaps from obsolete French \Ibusquer\i 'seek')\c
<hw>buskin</hw> \K/"bVskIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IClothing\i a thick-soled laced boot worn by an ancient Athenian tragic actor to gain height.\p\B2\b \I(usu. prec. by \Bthe)\b\i \ITheatr\i tragic drama; its style or spirit.\p\B3\b \IClothing\i \Ihist.\i a calf- or knee-high boot of cloth or leather worn in the Middle Ages. \Bbuskined\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3probably from Old French \Ibouzequin,\i variant of \Ibro(u)sequin,\i of unknown origin\c
<hw>bus lane</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ITransport\i a lane on a road marked off for use by buses.
<hw>busman</hw> \K/"bVsm\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-men)\b the driver of a bus.
<hw>busman's holiday</hw>\p\In.\i\pleisure time spent in an activity similar to one's regular work.
<hw>buss</hw> \K/bVs/\k \In. & v.\i \Iarchaic\i or \BN. Amer.\b \Icolloq.\i\p\In.\i\pa kiss. \Iv.tr.\i kiss. \BEtymology:\b \3earlier \Ibass\i \I(n.\i & \Iv.):\i probably from French \Ibaiser\i from Latin \Ibasiare\i\c
<hw>bus shelter</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ITransport\i a shelter from rain etc. beside a bus stop.
<hw>bus station</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ITransport\i a centre, esp. in a town, where (esp. long-distance) buses depart and arrive.
<hw>bus stop</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ITransport\i\p\B1\b a regular stopping place of a bus.\p\B2\b a sign marking this.
<hw>bust (1)</hw> \K/bVst/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \IAnat\i the human chest, esp. that of a woman; the bosom. \Bb\b the circumference of the body at bust level \3(a 36-inch bust).\c \Bc\b \INeedlework\i the part of a woman's garment fitting over the bust.\K1c new f. GLC May 94\k\p\B2\b \ISculpture\i a sculpture of a person's head, shoulders, and chest. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ibuste\i from Italian \Ibusto,\i of unknown origin\c
<hw>bust (2)</hw> \K/bVst/\k \Iv., n., & adj.\i \Icolloq.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\I(past\i and \Ipast part.\i \Bbusted\b or \Bbust)\b\p\B1\b \Itr. & intr.\i break, burst.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \Besp. US\b reduce (a soldier etc.) to a lower rank; dismiss.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \Besp. N. Amer.\b \ICriminol\i \Ba\b raid, search. \Bb\b arrest.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a sudden failure; a bankruptcy.\p\B2\b \ICriminol\i a police raid.\p\B3\b a drinking bout.\p\B4\b \Besp. N. Amer.\b a punch; a hit.\p\B5\b a worthless thing.\p\B6\b a bad hand at cards. \Iadj.\i (also \Bbusted)\b\p\B1\b broken, burst, collapsed.\p\B2\b bankrupt.\p\Bbust up\b\p\B1\b bring or come to collapse; explode.\p\B2\b (of esp. a married couple) separate.\p\1go bust\c become bankrupt; fail. \BEtymology:\b \3originally a (dialect) pronunciation of \J\Xburst\x\j\c
<hw>bustard</hw> \K/"bVst\F'\nd/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i any large terrestrial bird of the family Otididae, with long neck, long legs, and stout tapering body. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ibistarde\i from Latin \Iavis tarda\i 'slow bird' (? = slow on the ground; but possibly a perversion of a foreign word)\c
<hw>bustee</hw> \K/"bVsti:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnthropol\i (in the Indian subcontinent) a shanty town; a slum. \BEtymology:\b \3Hindustani \Ibasti\i 'dwelling'\c
<hw>buster</hw> \K/"bVst\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Islang\i mate; fellow (used esp. as a disrespectful form of address).\p\B2\b \IMeteorol\i a violent gale.
<hw>bustier</hw> \K/"bVstIeI/, /"bUst-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFashion\i a woman's strapless close-fitting bodice. \BEtymology:\b \3French\c
<hw>bustle (1)</hw> \K/"bVs(\F'\n)l/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Babout)\b\i \Ba\b work etc. showily, energetically, and officiously. \Bb\b scurry \3(bustled about the kitchen banging saucepans).\c\p\B2\b \Itr.\i make (a person) hurry or work hard \3(bustled him into his overcoat).\c\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i (as \Bbustling\b \Iadj.)\i \Icolloq.\i full of activity.\p\In.\i\pexcited activity; a fuss.\Kbustler omitted Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3perhaps from \Ibuskle\i frequentative of \Ibusk\i 'prepare', from Old Norse\c
<hw>bustle (2)</hw> \K/"bVs(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\IClothing\i \Ihist.\i a pad or frame worn under a skirt and puffing it out behind. \BEtymology:\b \318th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>bust-up</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a quarrel.\p\B2\b a collapse; an explosion.
<hw>busty</hw> \K/"bVsti/\k \Iadj.\i \B(bustier,\b \Bbustiest)\b (of a woman) having a prominent bosom. \Bbustiness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>busy</hw> \K/"bIzi/\k \Iadj., v., & n.\i \Iadj.\i \B(busier,\b \Bbusiest)\b\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bin,\b \Bwith,\b \Bat,\b or pres. part.)\i occupied or engaged in work etc. with the attention concentrated \3(busy at their needlework;\c \2he was busy packing).\c\p\B2\b full of activity or detail; fussy \3(a busy evening;\c \2a picture busy with detail).\c\p\B3\b employed continuously; unresting \3(busy as a bee).\c\p\B4\b meddlesome; prying.\p\B5\b \Besp. N. Amer.\b (of a telephone line) engaged. \Iv.tr.\i \B(-ies,\b \B-ied)\b \I(often \Brefl.)\b\i keep busy; occupy \3(the work busied him for many hours;\c \2busied herself with the accounts).\c\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \ICriminol\i \Islang\i a detective; a police officer. \Bbusily\b \K/"bIzIli/\k \Iadv.\i \Bbusyness\b \K/"bIzInIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(cf.\i \J\Xbusiness\x).\j \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibisig\i\c
<hw>busybody</hw> \K/"bIzIbQdi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b a meddlesome person.\p\B2\b a mischief-maker.
<hw>busy Lizzie</hw> \K/"lIzi/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IBot\i an E. African plant, Impatiens walleriana, with abundant red, pink, or white flowers, often grown as a bedding plant or house plant.
<hw>but (1)</hw> \K/bVt/, /b\F'\nt/\k \Iconj., prep., adv., pron., n., & v.\i \Iconj.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b nevertheless, however \3(tried hard but did not succeed;\c \2I am old, but I am not weak).\c \Bb\b on the other hand; on the contrary \3(I am old but you are young).\c\p\B2\b \I(prec. by \Bcan\b etc.;\i \Iin \Bneg.\b or \Binterrog.)\b\i except, other than, otherwise than \3(cannot choose but do it;\c \2what could we do but run?).\c\p\B3\b without the result that \3(it never rains but it pours).\c\p\B4\b prefixing an interruption to the speaker's train of thought \3(the weather is ideal - but is that a cloud on the horizon?).\c \Iprep.\i except; apart from; other than \3(everyone went but me;\c \2nothing but trouble).\c \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b only; no more than; only just \3(we can but try;\c \2is but a child;\c \2had but arrived;\c \2did it but once).\c\p\B2\b introducing emphatic repetition; definitely \3(wanted to see nobody, but nobody).\c\p\B3\b \BAustral.,\b \BNZ,\b & \BSc.\b though, however \3(didn't like it, but).\c \Irel.pron.\i who not; that not \3(there is not a man but feels pity).\c\p\In.\i\pan objection \3(ifs and buts).\c \Iv.tr.\i (in phr. \Bbut me no buts)\b do not raise objections.\p\1but for\c without the help or hindrance etc. of \3(but for you I'd be rich by now).\c\p\1but one\c (or \Btwo\b etc.) excluding one (or two etc.) from the number \3(next door but one;\c \2last but one).\c\p\1but that\c \I(prec. by \Bneg.)\b\i that \3(I don't deny but that it's true).\c\p\1but that\c (or \Icolloq.\i \Bwhat)\b other than that; except that \3(who knows but that it is true?).\c\p\1but then\c (or \Byet)\b however, on the other hand \3(I won, but then the others were beginners).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibe-utan,\i \Ibutan,\i \Ibuta\i 'outside, without'\c
<hw>but (2)</hw> \K/bVt/\k\p\In.\i\p\BSc.\b an outer room, esp. of a two-roomed cottage.\Kn. new f. OERD, to match ben entry May 94\k\p\1but and ben\c a two-roomed cottage; a humble home (see \J\Xben\x (2)).\j \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbut\x (1)\j = outside\c
<hw>butadiene</hw> \K/bju:t\F'\n"dVIi:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i a colourless gaseous hydrocarbon used in the manufacture of synthetic rubbers. Chem. formula: C4H6.\Kformula\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbutane\x\j + \J\Xdi-\x (1)\j + \J\X-ene\x:\j cf. \J\XBuna\x\j\c
<hw>butane</hw> \K/"bju:teIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i a gaseous hydrocarbon of the alkane series used in liquefied form as fuel. Chem. formula: C4H10.\Kformula\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbutyl\x\j + \J\X-ane\x (2)\j\c
<hw>butch</hw> \K/bUtS/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Islang\i \Iadj.\i masculine; tough-looking.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \I(often \Battrib.)\b\i \Ba\b a mannish woman. \Bb\b a mannish lesbian.\p\B2\b a tough, usu. muscular, youth or man. \BEtymology:\b \3perhaps abbreviation of \J\Xbutcher\x\j\c
<hw>butcher</hw> \K/"bUtS\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a person whose trade is dealing in meat. \Bb\b a person who slaughters animals for food.\p\B2\b a person who kills or has people killed indiscriminately or brutally. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b slaughter or cut up (an animal) for food.\p\B2\b kill (people) wantonly or cruelly.\p\B3\b ruin (esp. a job or a musical composition) through incompetence.\p\1the butcher, the baker, the candlestick-maker\c people of all kinds or trades.\p\1butcher's\c \BBrit.\b \Irhyming slang\i a look (short for \Ibutcher's hook).\i\Kbutcherly omitted Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ibo(u)chier\i from \Iboc\i \J\Xbuck\x (1)\j\c
<hw>butcher-bird</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i\p\B1\b a shrike (family Laniidae).\p\B2\b a similar bird of the Australasian family Cracticidae. \BEtymology:\b \3from its habit of impaling its prey on thorns\c
<hw>butcher's broom</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a low evergreen shrub, Ruscus aculeatus (lily family), with stiff flat shoots resembling spine-tipped leaves.
<hw>butcher's meat</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b (also \Bbutcher meat)\b \IFood\i slaughtered fresh meat excluding game, poultry, and bacon.\Kvar. new f. corpus, OED Dec 94\k
<hw>butchery</hw> \K/"bUtS\F'\nri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b wanton or cruel slaughter (of people).\p\B2\b the butcher's trade.\p\B3\b \BBrit.\b a slaughterhouse. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iboucherie\i (as \J\Xbutcher\x)\j\c
<hw>butle</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xbuttle\x.\j
<hw>butler</hw> \K/"bVtl\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pthe principal servant of a household, usu. a man, in charge of the wine cellar, pantry, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, from Anglo-French \Ibuteler,\i Old French \Ibouteillier\i 'cup-bearer', from \Ibouteille\i \J\Xbottle\x\j\c
<hw>butt (1)</hw> \K/bVt/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr. & intr.\i push with the head or horns.\p\B2\b \Ba\b \Iintr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bagainst,\b \Bupon)\b\i touch with one end flat, meet end to end, abut. \Bb\b \Itr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bagainst)\b\i place (timber etc.) with the end flat against a wall etc.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a push with the head.\p\B2\b a join of two edges.\p\Bbutt in\b interrupt, meddle.\p\Bbutt out\b \Islang\i\p\B1\b \Besp. N. Amer.\b stop interfering.\p\B2\b \BN. Amer.\b stop doing something.\Kb. out new f. News, SOED, incomings Mar 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Anglo-French \Ibuter,\i Old French \Iboter\i from Germanic: influenced by \J\Xbutt\x (2)\j and \J\Xabut\x\j\c
<hw>butt (2)</hw> \K/bVt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bof)\b\i an object (of ridicule etc.) \3(the butt of his jokes;\c \2made him their butt).\c\p\B2\b \ISport\i \Ba\b a mound behind a target. \Bb\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i a shooting range. \Bc\b a target.\p\B3\b \IHunting\i a grouse-shooter's stand screened by low turf or a stone wall. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ibut\i 'goal', of unknown origin\c
<hw>butt (3)</hw> \K/bVt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b (also \Bbutt-end)\b \ITools Mil\i the thicker end, esp. of a tool or a weapon \3(gun butt).\c\p\B2\b (also \Bbutt-end)\b \Ba\b the stub of a cigar or a cigarette. \Bb\b the remaining part.\p\B3\b \Besp. N. Amer.\b \IAnat\i \Islang\i the buttocks.\p\B4\b (also \Bbutt-end)\b the square end of a plank meeting a similar end.\p\B5\b \IBot\i the trunk of a tree, esp. the part just above the ground. \BEtymology:\b \3Dutch \Ibot\i 'stumpy'\c
<hw>butt (4)</hw> \K/bVt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IDrink\i a cask, esp. as a measure of wine or ale. \BEtymology:\b \3Anglo-Latin \Ibutta,\i \Ibota,\i Anglo-French \Ibut,\i from Old French \Ibo(u)t\i from Late Latin \Ibuttis\i\c
<hw>butt (5)</hw> \K/bVt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a flatfish (e.g. a sole, plaice, or turbot). \BEtymology:\b \3Middle Low German, Middle Dutch \Ibut\i 'flatfish'\c
<hw>butte</hw> \K/bju:t/\k\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b \IGeog\i a high isolated steep-sided hill. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = mound\c
<hw>butter</hw> \K/"bVt\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\IFood\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a pale yellow edible fatty substance made by churning cream and used as a spread or in cooking. \Bb\b a substance of a similar consistency or appearance \3(peanut butter).\c\p\B2\b excessive flattery. \Iv.tr.\i spread, cook, or serve with butter \3(butter the bread;\c \2buttered carrots).\c\p\Bbutter up\b \Icolloq.\i flatter excessively.\p\1look as if butter wouldn't melt in one's mouth\c seem demure or innocent, probably deceptively. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibutere\i via Latin \Ibutyrum\i from Greek \Ibouturon\i\c
<hw>butter-and-eggs</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i any of several plants having two shades of yellow in the flower, esp. yellow toadflax.
<hw>butterball</hw> \K/"bVt\F'\nbO:l/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a piece of butter shaped into a ball.\p\B2\b \BN. Amer.\b \IZool\i = \J\Xbufflehead\x.\j\p\B3\b \BN. Amer.\b \Islang\i a plump person or animal.
<hw>butter-bean</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b a flat, dried, white lima bean.\p\B2\b a yellow-podded bean.
<hw>butterbur</hw> \K/"bVt\F'\nb\F'\n:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a waterside plant of the genus \IPetasites\i (daisy family) with pale purple flowers and large soft leaves formerly used to wrap butter.
<hw>butter-cream</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i a mixture of butter, icing sugar, etc. used as a filling or a topping for a cake.
<hw>buttercup</hw> \K/"bVt\F'\nkVp/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a plant of the genus \IRanunculus\i (family Ranunculaceae), having bright yellow cup-shaped flowers and common in grassland.
<hw>butterfat</hw> \K/"bVt\F'\nfat/\k\p\In.\i\pthe essential fats of pure butter.
<hw>butter-fingers</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Icolloq.\i a clumsy person prone to drop things.
<hw>butterfly</hw> \K/"bVt\F'\nflVI/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-flies)\b\p\B1\b \IZool\i any insect of the order Lepidoptera which typically flies by day and has clubbed or dilated antennae and two pairs of usu. brightly coloured wings held erect when at rest.\p\B2\b a showy or frivolous person.\p\B3\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \Icolloq.\i a nervous sensation felt in the stomach.\p\B4\b (in full \Bbutterfly stroke)\b \ISport Swimming\i a stroke in swimming, with both arms raised out of the water and lifted forwards together.\Ksense 4 subsumed May 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibuttor-fleoge\i (as \J\Xbutter\x,\j \J\Xfly\x (2)):\j perhaps from the cream or yellow colour of common species, or from an old belief that the insects stole butter\c
<hw>butterfly bush</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a buddleia, esp. Buddleia davidii.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k
<hw>butterfly fish</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a fish resembling a butterfly in shape or colour, esp. Blennius ocellatus, which has a broad dorsal fin with eye-spots, or any brightly coloured fish of the family Chaetodontidae.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll, Oct 93\k
<hw>butterfly net</hw>\p\In.\i\pa fine net on a ring attached to a pole, used for catching butterflies.
<hw>butterfly nut</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBuilding Carpentry\i a kind of wing nut.
<hw>butter knife</hw>\p\In.\i\pa blunt knife used for cutting butter at table.
<hw>buttermilk</hw> \K/"bVt\F'\nmIlk/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFood\i a slightly acid liquid left after churning butter.
<hw>butter muslin</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ITextiles\i a thin, loosely woven cloth with a fine mesh, originally for wrapping butter.
<hw>butternut</hw> \K/"bVt\F'\nnVt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b a N. American tree, Juglans cinerea.\p\B2\b the oily nut of this tree.
<hw>butterscotch</hw> \K/"bVt\F'\nskQtS/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i a brittle sweet made from butter, brown sugar, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\XScotch\x\j\c
<hw>butterwort</hw> \K/"bVt\F'\nw\F'\n:t/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a bog plant of the genus \IPinguicula,\i esp. P. vulgaris, with violet-like flowers and sticky fleshy leaves that trap and digest small insects.
<hw>buttery (1)</hw> \K/"bVt(\F'\n)ri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \BBrit.\b \IEducation Food\i a room, esp. in a college, where provisions are kept and sold to students etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Anglo-French \Iboterie\i 'butt-store' (as \J\Xbutt\x (4))\j\c
<hw>buttery (2)</hw> \K/"bVt(\F'\n)ri/\k \Iadj.\i like, containing, or spread with butter. \Bbutteriness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>buttie</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xbutty\x (2).\j\Knew in COD9 f. corpus, COD box Aug 93\k
<hw>buttle</hw> \K/"bVt(\F'\n)l/\k \Iv.intr.\i (also \Bbutle)\b \Ijoc.\i work as a butler. \BEtymology:\b \3back-formation from \J\Xbutler\x\j\c
<hw>buttock</hw> \K/"bVt\F'\nk/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i \IAnat\i\p\B1\b either of the two fleshy protuberances on the lower rear part of the human body.\p\B2\b the corresponding part of an animal. \BEtymology:\b \3\Ibutt\i 'ridge' + \J\X-ock\x\j\c
<hw>button</hw> \K/"bVt(\F'\n)n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IClothing\i a small disc or knob sewn on to a garment, either to fasten it by being pushed through a buttonhole, or as an ornament or badge.\p\B2\b \IElectronics\i a knob on a piece of electrical, electronic, etc., equipment which is pressed to operate it.\p\B3\b \Ba\b a small disc-shaped object \3(chocolate buttons).\c \Bb\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i anything resembling a button \3(button nose).\c\p\B4\b \IBot\i \Ba\b a bud. \Bb\b a button mushroom.\p\B5\b \IFencing\i a terminal knob on a foil making it harmless.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr. & intr.\i = \Ibutton up\i 1.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i supply with buttons.\p\1buttoned up\c \Icolloq.\i\p\B1\b formal and inhibited in manner.\p\B2\b silent.\p\1button one's lip\c \Islang\i remain silent.\p\Bbutton up\b\p\B1\b fasten with buttons.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i complete (a task etc.) satisfactorily.\p\B3\b \Icolloq.\i become silent.\p\1not worth a button\c \BBrit.\b worthless.\p\1on the button\c \Besp. N. Amer.\b \Islang\i precisely. \Bbuttoned\b \Iadj.\i \Bbuttonless\b \Iadj.\i \Bbuttony\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ibouton,\i ultimately from Germanic\c
<hw>button-back</hw>\p\In.\i\p\I(often \Battrib.)\b\i \IFurniture\i a chair or sofa with a quilted back, the stitching hidden by buttons.\Knew f. corpus Aug 93\k
<hw>buttonball tree</hw> \K/"bVt(\F'\n)nbO:l/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i the N. American plane tree, Platanus occidentalis.
<hw>button chrysanthemum</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a variety of chrysanthemum with small spherical flowers.
<hw>button-down</hw> \Iattrib.adj.\i \IClothing\i applied to a collar whose points are buttoned to the shirt.\Knew f. OED, corpus Aug 93\k
<hw>buttonhole</hw> \K/"bVt(\F'\n)nh\F'\nUl/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IClothing\i a slit made in a garment to receive a button for fastening.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b a flower or spray worn in a lapel buttonhole. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \Icolloq.\i accost and detain (a reluctant listener).\p\B2\b make buttonholes in.
<hw>buttonhole stitch</hw>\p\In.\i\p\INeedlework\i a looped stitch used for edging buttonholes.
<hw>buttonhook</hw> \K/"bVt(\F'\n)nhUk/\k\p\In.\i\p\IClothing\i a hook formerly used esp. for pulling the buttons on tight boots into place for fastening.
<hw>button mushroom</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a young unopened mushroom.
<hw>buttons</hw> \K/"bVt(\F'\n)nz/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i a liveried page-boy. \BEtymology:\b \3from the rows of buttons on his jacket\c
<hw>button-through</hw> \Iadj.\i \BBrit.\b \IClothing\i (of a dress) fastened with buttons from neck to hem like a coat.
<hw>buttress</hw> \K/"bVtrIs/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \IArchit\i a projecting support of stone or brick etc. built against a wall. \Bb\b a source of help or encouragement \3(she was a buttress to him in his trouble).\c\p\B2\b \IGeog\i a projecting portion of a hill or mountain. \Iv.tr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bup)\b\i\p\B1\b support with a buttress.\p\B2\b support by argument etc. \3(claim buttressed by facts).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \I(ars)\i \Ibouterez\i 'thrusting (arch)' from \Ibouteret,\i from \Ibouter\i \J\Xbutt\x (1)\j\c
<hw>butt weld</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMech\i a weld in which the pieces are joined end to end.
<hw>butty (1)</hw> \K/"bVti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \BBrit.\b\p\B1\b \Icolloq.\i or \Idial.\i a mate; a companion.\p\B2\b \Ihist.\i a middleman negotiating between a mine owner and the miners.\p\B3\b \INaut\i a barge or other craft towed by another. \BEtymology:\b \318th c.: perhaps from \J\Xbooty\x\j in the phrase \Iplay booty\i 'join in sharing plunder'\c
<hw>butty (2)</hw> \K/"bVti/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bbuttie)\b \I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \BN.Engl.\b \IFood\i\p\B1\b a sandwich \3(bacon butty).\c\p\B2\b a slice of bread and butter. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbutter\x\j + \J\X-y\x (2)\j\c
<hw>butty-gang</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i a gang of men contracted to work on a large job and sharing the profits equally.
<hw>butyl</hw> \K/"bju:tVIl/, /-tIl/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IChem.\i the monovalent alkyl radical C4H9-.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i butyl rubber.\Ksense 2 new f. corpus Apr 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbutyric acid\x\j + \J\X-yl\x\j\c
<hw>butyl rubber</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ITransport\i a synthetic rubber used in the manufacture of tyre inner tubes and pond liners.
<hw>butyric acid</hw> \K/bju:"tIrIk/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i either of two colourless syrupy liquid organic acids found in rancid butter and arnica oil. \Bbutyrate\b \K/"bju:tIreIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ibutyrum\i \J\Xbutter\x\j + \J\X-ic\x\j\c
<hw>buxom</hw> \K/"bVks(\F'\n)m/\k \Iadj.\i (esp. of a woman) plump and healthy-looking; large and shapely; busty. \Bbuxomness\b\p\In.\i\p\Kbuxomly omitted Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3earlier sense \Ipliant:\i Middle English, from stem of Old English \Ibugan\i \J\Xbow\x (2)\j + \J\X-some\x (1)\j\c
<hw>buy</hw> \K/bVI/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B(buys,\b \Bbuying;\b \Ipast\i and \Ipast part.\i \Bbought\b \K/bO:t/\k)\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b \ICommerce\i obtain in exchange for money etc. \Bb\b \I(often in \Bneg.)\b\i serve to obtain \3(money can't buy happiness).\c\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b procure (the loyalty etc.) of a person by bribery, promises, etc. \Bb\b win over (a person) in this way.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i get by sacrifice, great effort, etc. \3(dearly bought;\c \2bought with our sweat).\c\p\B4\b \Itr.\i \Islang\i accept, believe in, approve of \3(it's a good scheme, I'll buy it;\c \2he bought it, he's so gullible).\c\p\B5\b \Iabsol.\i be a buyer for a store etc. \3(buys for Selfridges;\c \2are you buying or selling?).\c\p\In.\i\p\Icolloq.\i a purchase \3(that sofa was a good buy).\c\p\Bbuy in\b\p\B1\b buy a stock of.\p\B2\b withdraw (an item) at auction because of failure to reach the reserve price.\p\Bbuy into\b obtain a share in (an enterprise) by payment.\p\1buy it\c \I(usu. in \Bpast)\b\i \Islang\i be killed.\p\Bbuy off\b get rid of (a claim, a claimant, a blackmailer) by payment.\p\1buy oneself out\c obtain one's release (esp. from the armed services) by payment.\p\Bbuy out\b \ICommerce\i pay (a person) to give up an ownership, interest, etc.\p\Bbuy over\b bribe.\p\1buy time\c delay an event, conclusion, etc., temporarily.\Krenested Sept 94\k\p\Bbuy up\b\p\B1\b buy as much as possible of.\p\B2\b absorb (another firm etc.) by purchase. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibycgan,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>buy-back</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IStock Exch. Commerce\i the buying-back or repurchase of goods, shares, etc., often by contractual agreement \I(often \Battrib.:\b\i \2buy-back scheme).\c\Knew in COD9 f. News Aug 93\k
<hw>buyer</hw> \K/"bVI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person employed to select and purchase stock for a large store etc.\p\B2\b a purchaser, a customer.
<hw>buyer's market</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bbuyers' market)\b \IEcon\i an economic position in which goods are plentiful and cheap and buyers have the advantage.
<hw>buy-in</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Besp. US\b \IStock Exch. Commerce\i\p\B1\b the purchase of shares on the Stock Exchange, esp. after the non-delivery of similar shares bought.\p\B2\b the buying-back of a company's own shares.\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED Aug 93\k
<hw>buyout</hw> \K/"bVIaUt/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i the purchase of a controlling share in a company etc.\Kspelling changed on corpus/incomings evidence Aug 93\k
<hw>buzz</hw> \K/bVz/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool\i the hum of a bee etc.\p\B2\b the sound of a buzzer.\p\B3\b \Ba\b a confused low sound as of people talking; a murmur. \Bb\b a stir; hurried activity \3(a buzz of excitement).\c \Bc\b \Icolloq.\i a rumour.\p\B4\b \ITelephony\i \Islang\i a telephone call.\p\B5\b \Islang\i a thrill; a euphoric sensation.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i make a humming sound.\p\B2\b \Ba\b \Itr. & intr.\i signal or signal to with a buzzer. \Bb\b \Itr.\i \Islang\i \ITelephony\i telephone.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i \Ba\b \I(often foll. by \Babout)\b\i move or hover busily. \Bb\b (of a place) have an air of excitement or purposeful activity.\p\B4\b \Itr.\i \Icolloq.\i throw hard.\p\B5\b \Itr.\i \IAeron.\i \Icolloq.\i fly fast and very close to (another aircraft, the ground, etc.).\p\Bbuzz off\b \Islang\i go or hurry away. \BEtymology:\b \3imitative\c
<hw>buzzard</hw> \K/"bVz\F'\nd/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i\p\B1\b any of a group of predatory birds of the hawk family, esp. of the genus \IButeo,\i with broad wings well adapted for soaring flight.\p\B2\b \BN. Amer.\b a vulture, esp. the turkey buzzard. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ibusard,\i \Ibuson\i from Latin \Ibuteo -onis\i 'falcon'\c
<hw>buzzer</hw> \K/"bVz\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an electrical device, similar to a bell, that makes a buzzing noise.\p\B2\b a whistle or hooter.
<hw>buzz-saw</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b \ICarpentry\i a circular saw.
<hw>buzzword</hw> \K/"bVzw\F'\n:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\Islang\i\p\B1\b a fashionable piece of esp. technical jargon.\p\B2\b a catchword; a slogan.
<hw>BWI</hw> \Iabbr.\i \Ihist.\i British West Indies.
<hw>BWR</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IPhysics\i boiling water (nuclear) reactor.
<hw>by</hw> \K/bVI/\k \Iprep., adv., & n.\i \Iprep.\i\p\B1\b near, beside, in the region of \3(stand by the door;\c \2sit by me;\c \2path by the river).\c\p\B2\b through the agency, means, instrumentality, or causation of \3(by proxy;\c \2bought by a millionaire;\c \2a poem by Donne;\c \2went by bus;\c \2succeeded by persisting;\c \2divide four by two).\c\p\B3\b not later than; as soon as \3(by next week;\c \2by now;\c \2by the time he arrives).\c\p\B4\b \Ba\b past, beyond \3(drove by the church;\c \2came by us).\c \Bb\b passing through; via \3(went by Paris).\c\p\B5\b in the circumstances of \3(by day;\c \2by daylight).\c\p\B6\b to the extent of \3(missed by a foot;\c \2better by far).\c\p\B7\b according to; using as a standard or unit \3(judge by appearances;\c \2paid by the hour).\c\p\B8\b with the succession of \3(worse by the minute;\c \2day by day;\c \2one by one).\c\p\B9\b concerning; in respect of \3(did our duty by them;\c \2Smith by name;\c \2all right by me).\c\p\B10\b used in mild oaths (originally = as surely as one believes in) \3(by God;\c \2by gum;\c \2swear by all that is sacred).\c\p\B11\b placed between specified lengths in two directions \3(three feet by two).\c\p\B12\b avoiding, ignoring \3(pass by him;\c \2passed us by).\c\p\B13\b (esp. in names of compass points) inclining to \3(north by east between north and north-north-east;\c \2north-east by north between north-east and north-north-east).\c \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b near \3(sat by, watching;\c \2lives close by).\c\p\B2\b aside; in reserve \3(put ú5 by).\c\p\B3\b past \3(they marched by).\c\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bbyes)\b = \J\Xbye\x (1).\j\p\1by and by\c before long; eventually.\p\1by and large\c on the whole, everything considered.\p\1by the by\c (or \Bbye)\b incidentally, parenthetically.\p\1by oneself\c\p\B1\b \Ba\b unaided. \Bb\b without prompting.\p\B2\b alone; without company. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibi,\i \Ibi,\i \Ibe,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>by-blow</hw> \K/"bVIbl\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b\p\B1\b a side-blow not at the main target.\p\B2\b a man's illegitimate child.
<hw>bye (1)</hw> \K/bVI/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ICricket\i a run scored from a ball that passes the batsman without being hit.\p\B2\b \ISport\i the status of an unpaired competitor in a sport, who proceeds to the next round as if having won.\p\B3\b \IGolf\i one or more holes remaining unplayed after the match has been decided.\p\1by the bye\c = \Iby the by.\i \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xby\x\j used as noun\c
<hw>bye-bye (2)</hw> \K/"bVIbVI/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bbye-byes\b \K/-bVIz/\k) (a child's word for) sleep. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, from the sound used in lullabies\c
<hw>by-election</hw> \K/"bVIIlEkS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IPolit\i the election of an MP in a single constituency to fill a vacancy arising during a government's term of office.
<hw>by-form</hw> \K/"bVIfO:m/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILinguistics\i a collateral form of a word etc.
<hw>bygone</hw> \K/"bVIgQn/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i past, antiquated \3(bygone years).\c\p\In.\i\p\I(in \Bpl.)\b\i past offences \3(let bygones be bygones).\c
<hw>by-law</hw> \K/"bVIlO:/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bbye-law)\b\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b \ILaw\i a regulation made by a local authority or corporation.\p\B2\b a rule made by a company or society for its members. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English probably from obsolete \Ibyrlaw\i local custom (Old Norse \Ib²jar,\i genitive sing. of \Ib²r\i 'town', but associated with \J\Xby\x)\j\c
<hw>byline</hw> \K/"bVIlVIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IJournalism\i a line in a newspaper etc. naming the writer of an article.\p\B2\b a secondary line of work.\p\B3\b \ISport\i a goal line or touchline.
<hw>byname</hw> \K/"bVIneIm/\k\p\In.\i\pa sobriquet; a nickname.
<hw>BYOB</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IDrink\i bring your own bottle.\Knew from incomings Aug 93\k
<hw>bypass</hw> \K/"bVIpA:s/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ITransport\i a road passing round a town or its centre to provide an alternative route for through traffic.\p\B2\b \Ba\b \IEngin\i a secondary channel or pipe etc. to allow a flow when the main one is closed or blocked. \Bb\b \IMed\i an alternative passage for the circulation of blood during a surgical operation on the heart. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b avoid; go round.\p\B2\b provide with a bypass.
<hw>bypath</hw> \K/"bVIpA:T/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a secluded path.\p\B2\b a minor or obscure branch of a subject.
<hw>byplay</hw> \K/"bVIpleI/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITheatr\i a secondary action or sequence of events, esp. in a play.
<hw>by-product</hw> \K/"bVIprQdVkt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IIndustry\i an incidental or secondary product made in the manufacture of something else.\p\B2\b a secondary result.
<hw>byre</hw> \K/"bVI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IAgriculture\i a cowshed. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ibyre:\i perhaps related to \J\Xbower\x (1)\j\c
<hw>byroad</hw> \K/"bVIr\F'\nUd/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITransport\i a minor road.
<hw>Byronic</hw> \K/bVI"rQnIk/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b characteristic of Lord Byron, English poet d. 1824, or his romantic poetry.\p\B2\b (of a man) handsomely dark, mysterious, or moody.
<hw>byssinosis</hw> \K/bIsI"n\F'\nUsIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed.\i a lung disease caused by prolonged inhalation of textile fibre dust. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from Greek \Ibussinos\i 'made of byssus' + \J\X-osis\x\j\c
<hw>byssus</hw> \K/"bIs\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bbyssuses\b or \Bbyssi\b \K/-sVI/\k)\p\B1\b \ITextiles\i \Ihist.\i a fine textile fibre and fabric of flax.\p\B2\b \IZool.\i a tuft of tough silky filaments by which some molluscs adhere to rocks etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Latin from Greek \Ibussos\i\c
<hw>bystander</hw> \K/"bVIstand\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pa person who stands by but does not take part; a mere spectator.
<hw>byte</hw> \K/bVIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IComputing\i a group of binary digits (usu. eight), operated on as a unit. \BEtymology:\b \320th c.: based on \J\Xbit\x (4)\j and \J\Xbite\x\j\c
<hw>byway</hw> \K/"bVIweI/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ITransport\i a byroad or bypath.\p\B2\b a minor activity.
<hw>byword</hw> \K/"bVIw\F'\n:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person or thing cited as a notable example \3(is a byword for luxury).\c\p\B2\b a familiar saying; a proverb.
<hw>Byzantine</hw> \K/bI"zantVIn/, /bVI-/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of Byzantium or the Eastern Roman Empire.\p\B2\b (of a political situation etc.): \Ba\b extremely complicated. \Bb\b inflexible. \Bc\b carried on by underhand methods.\p\B3\b \IArchit.\i & \IArt\i of a highly decorated style developed in the Eastern Empire.\p\In.\i\p\IPeople\i a citizen of Byzantium or the Eastern Roman Empire. \BByzantinism\b\p\In.\i\p\BByzantinist\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Ibyzantin\i or Latin \IByzantinus\i from \IByzantium,\i the city later called Constantinople and now Istanbul\c
<hw>C (1)</hw> \K/si:/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bc)\b \I(pl.\i \BCs\b or \BC's)\b\p\B1\b the third letter of the alphabet.\p\B2\b \IMus.\i the first note of the diatonic scale of C major (the major scale having no sharps or flats).\p\B3\b the third hypothetical person or example.\p\B4\b the third highest class or category (of academic marks etc.).\p\B5\b (usu. \Bc)\b \IAlgebra\i the third known quantity.\p\B6\b (as a Roman numeral) 100.\p\B7\b \B(C)\b the name of a computer programming language.\Knew from JHM Aug 93\k
<hw>C (3)</hw> \Isymb.\i\p\B1\b \IChem.\i the element carbon.\p\B2\b (also \B(c)\b copyright.\p\B3\b \ISci.\i coulomb(s).\K3 new from ODAbbr. Aug 93\k\p\B4\b \ISci.Electr.\i capacitance.\K4 new from ODAbbr. Aug 93\k
<hw>c (1)</hw> \Iabbr.\i (also \Bc.)\b\p\B1\b century; centuries.\p\B2\b chapter.\p\B3\b cent(s).\p\B4\b cold.\p\B5\b (usu. \Bc.)\b circa, about.\p\B6\b colt.\p\B7\b \ICricket\i caught by.\Kcubic only in cc which is in elsewhere. Abandoned separate entry for italic letter JHM Aug 93\k
<hw>c (2)</hw> \Isymb.\i\p\B1\b (usu. \Bc)\b \IPhysics\i the speed of light in a vacuum.\p\B2\b centi-.\Ksymbol entry new Aug 93\k
<hw>c/-</hw> \Iabbr.\i \BAustral.\b & \BNZ\b care of.
<hw>CA</hw> \Iabbr.\i\p\B1\b \BUS\b \IGeog\i California (in official postal use).\p\B2\b \BSc.\b & \BCanad.\b chartered accountant.
<hw>Ca</hw> \Isymb.\i \IChem.\i the element calcium.
<hw>ca.</hw> \Iabbr.\i circa, about.
<hw>CAA</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IAeron\i (in the UK) Civil Aviation Authority.
<hw>cab</hw> \K/kab/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ITransport\i a taxi.\p\B2\b the driver's compartment in a lorry, train, or crane.\p\B3\b \ITransport\i \Ihist.\i a hackney carriage. \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation of \J\Xcabriolet\x\j\c
<hw>cabal</hw> \K/k\F'\n"bal/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a secret intrigue.\p\B2\b \IPolit\i a political clique or faction.\p\B3\b \Ihist.\i a committee of five ministers under Charles II, whose surnames happened to begin with C, A, B, A, and L. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icabale\i from medieval Latin \Icabala,\i \J\Xcabbala\x\j\c
<hw>caballero</hw> \K/kab\F'\n"ljE:r\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b a Spanish gentleman. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish = gentleman, horseman, ultimately from Latin \Icaballus\i 'horse': cf. \J\Xcavalier\x,\j \J\Xchevalier\x\j\c
<hw>cabana</hw> \K/k\F'\n"bA:n\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b a hut or shelter at a beach or swimming pool. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish \Icaba±a\i from Late Latin (as \J\Xcabin\x)\j\c
<hw>cabaret</hw> \K/"kab\F'\nreI/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an entertainment in a nightclub or restaurant while guests eat or drink at tables.\p\B2\b such a nightclub etc. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = wooden structure, tavern\c
<hw>cabbage</hw> \K/"kabIdZ/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBot\i \Ba\b any of several cultivated varieties of Brassica oleracea, with thick green or purple leaves forming a round heart or head. \Bb\b \IFood\i these leaves usu. eaten as vegetable.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i \Iderog.\i a person who is inactive or lacks interest. \Bcabbagy\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3earlier \Icabache,\i \I-oche\i from Old French (Picard) \Icaboche\i 'head', Old French \Icaboce,\i of unknown origin\c
<hw>cabbage palm</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i any of various palm trees with cabbage-like buds (sometimes edible) or leaves.
<hw>cabbage rose</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a double rose with a large round compact flower.
<hw>cabbage tree</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b a palmlike tree, Cordyline australis (agave family), native to New Zealand and widely grown for its sugary sap or for ornament; \Ialso called\i \Iti.\i\p\B2\b = \J\Xcabbage palm\x.\j
<hw>cabbage white</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a butterfly, Pieris brassicae, whose caterpillars feed on cabbage leaves.
<hw>cabbala</hw> \K/k\F'\n"bA:l\F'\n/, /"kab\F'\nl\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b (also \Bcabala,\b \Bkabbala)\b mystic interpretation; any esoteric doctrine or occult lore.\p\B2\b \B(Cabbala)\b \Ivar. of\i \J\XKabbalah\x.\j \Bcabbalism\b\p\In.\i\p\Bcabbalist\b\p\In.\i\p\Bcabbalistic\b \K/-"lIstIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin from Rabbinical Hebrew \IkabbalΓ\i 'tradition'\c
<hw>cab driver</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ITransport\i a taxi driver.\Knew f. corpus Sep 93\k
<hw>caber</hw> \K/"keIb\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISport\i a roughly trimmed tree trunk used in the Scottish Highland sport of tossing the caber. \BEtymology:\b \3Gaelic \Icabar\i 'pole'\c
<hw>Cabernet</hw> \K/"kab\F'\nneI/\k\p\In.\i\p\IDrink\i\p\B1\b a variety of black grape (esp. \BCabernet Franc\b \K/frQ~/\k or \BCabernet Sauvignon\b \K/"s\F'\nUvInjQ~/\k) used in wine-making.\p\B2\b a vine on which these grow.\p\B3\b a wine made from these grapes.\Knew f. corpus, SOED Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3French\c
<hw>cabin</hw> \K/"kabIn/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a small shelter or house, esp. of wood.\p\B2\b \IAeron Naut\i a room or compartment in an aircraft or ship for passengers or crew.\p\B3\b \ITransport\i a driver's cab. \Iv.tr.\i \B(cabined,\b \Bcabining)\b confine in a small place, cramp. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icabane\i and Provenτal \Icabana\i from Late Latin \Icapanna,\i \Icavanna\i\c
<hw>cabin boy</hw>\p\In.\i\p\INaut\i a boy who waits on a ship's officers or passengers.
<hw>cabin class</hw>\p\In.\i\p\INaut\i the intermediate class of accommodation in a ship.
<hw>cabin crew</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAeron\i the crew members on an aeroplane attending to passengers and cargo.
<hw>cabin cruiser</hw>\p\In.\i\p\INaut\i a large motor boat with living accommodation.
<hw>cabinet</hw> \K/"kabInIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IFurniture\i \Ba\b a cupboard or case with drawers, shelves, etc., for storing or displaying articles. \Bb\b a piece of furniture housing a radio or television set etc.\p\B2\b \B(Cabinet)\b \IPolit\i \Ba\b the committee of senior ministers responsible for controlling government policy. \Bb\b (in the US) a body of advisers to the President, composed of the heads of the executive departments of the government.\K2b new f. F. Abate Oct 94\k\p\B3\b \Iarchaic\i a small private room. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xcabin\x\j + \J\X-et\x (1),\j influenced by French \Icabinet\i\c
<hw>cabinetmaker</hw> \K/"kabInIt%meIk\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFurniture\i a skilled joiner. \Bcabinetmaking\b\p\In.\i\p\K-making new f. corpus Aug 93\k
<hw>Cabinet minister</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IPolit\i a member of the Cabinet.
<hw>cabinet photograph</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhotog\i a photograph of about 6 by 4 inches.
<hw>cabinet pudding</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i a steamed pudding with dried fruit.
<hw>cabinetry</hw> \K/"kabInItri/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFurniture\i cabinets regarded collectively.\Knew f. corpus, incomings Sep 93\k
<hw>cable</hw> \K/"keIb(\F'\n)l/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a thick rope of wire or hemp.\p\B2\b \Ba\b \IElectr\i an encased group of insulated wires for transmitting electricity or electrical signals. \Bb\b \ITelephony\i a cablegram. \Bc\b \ITelev\i = \J\Xcable television\x.\j\Ksense 2c new from SOED Oct 94\k\p\B3\b \Ba\b \INaut.\i the chain of an anchor. \Bb\b a measure of 200 yards or \BUS\b 240 yards.\p\B4\b (in full \Bcable stitch)\b \IKnitting\i a knitted stitch resembling twisted rope.\p\B5\b \IArchit.\i a rope-shaped ornament.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \ITelephony\i \Ba\b \Itr.\i transmit (a message) by cablegram. \Bb\b \Itr.\i inform (a person) by cablegram. \Bc\b \Iintr.\i send a cablegram.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i furnish or fasten with a cable or cables.\p\B3\b \IArchit.\i \Itr.\i furnish with cables. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ichable,\i ultimately from Late Latin \Icapulum\i 'halter', from Arabic \Ihabl\i\c
<hw>cable car</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ITransport\i\p\B1\b a small cabin (often one of a series) suspended on an endless cable by which it is drawn up and down a mountainside etc., controlled from an engine room.\p\B2\b a carriage drawn along a cable railway.
<hw>cablegram</hw> \K/"keIb(\F'\n)lgram/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITelephony\i a telegraph message sent by undersea cable etc.
<hw>cable-laid</hw> \Iadj.\i \INaut\i (of rope) having three triple strands.
<hw>cable railway</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ITransport Railways\i a railway along which carriages are drawn by an endless cable.
<hw>cable release</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhotog.\i a cable attached to a camera to allow the photographer to open the shutter without having to hold (and thus risk moving) the camera.\Knew f. Incs Oct 94\k
<hw>cable stitch</hw> see \J\Xcable\x\p\In.\i\p4.\j\Knew as hwd Sept 94\k
<hw>cable television</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ITelev\i a television broadcasting system with signals transmitted by cable to subscribers' sets.
<hw>cableway</hw> \K/"keIb(\F'\n)lweI/\k\p\In.\i\pa transporting system with a usu. elevated cable.
<hw>cabman</hw> \K/"kabm\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-men)\b \ITransport\i \Ihist.\i the driver of a hackney carriage.
<hw>cabochon</hw> \K/"kab\F'\nSQn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(also \Battrib.)\b\i \IMineral.\i a gem polished but not faceted. \B\Ien cabochon\b\i (of a gem) treated in this way. \BEtymology:\b \3French, diminutive of \Icaboche:\i see \J\Xcabbage\x\j\c
<hw>caboodle</hw> \K/k\F'\n"bu:d(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\1the whole caboodle\c \Islang\i the whole lot (of persons or things). \BEtymology:\b \319th c. US: perhaps from the phrase \Ikit and boodle\i\c
<hw>caboose</hw> \K/k\F'\n"bu:s/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b \INaut\i a kitchen on a ship's deck.\p\B2\b \BN. Amer.\b \IRailways\i a guard's van; a car on a freight train for workmen etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Dutch \Icabuse,\i of unknown origin\c
<hw>cabotage</hw> \K/"kab\F'\ntA:Z/, /-IdZ/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \INaut.\i coastal navigation and trade.\p\B2\b \Iesp. Aeron.\i the reservation to a country of (esp. air) traffic operation within its territory. \BEtymology:\b \3French from \Icaboter\i 'to coast', perhaps from Spanish \Icabo\i \J\Xcape\x (2)\j\c
\B\Icabotin\b\i \K/kA:b\F'\n"ta~/, French /kabOtE~/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(fem.\i \B\Icabotine\b\i \K/-"ti:n/, French /-tin/\k) \ITheatr\i a second-rate actor; a strolling player. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = strolling player, perhaps formed as \J\Xcabotage\x,\j from the resemblance to vessels travelling from port to port\c
<hw>cabriole</hw> \K/kabrI"\F'\nUl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFurniture\i a kind of curved leg characteristic of Chippendale and Queen Anne furniture. \BEtymology:\b \3French from \Icabrioler,\i \Icaprioler\i from Italian \Icapriolare\i 'to leap in the air'; from the resemblance to a leaping animal's foreleg: see \J\Xcapriole\x\j\c
<hw>cabriolet</hw> \K/"kabrI\F'\nleI/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITransport\i\p\B1\b a light two-wheeled carriage with a hood, drawn by one horse.\p\B2\b a motor car with a folding top. \BEtymology:\b \3French from \Icabriole\i 'goat's leap' (cf. \J\Xcapriole\x),\j applied to the carriage's motion\c
<hw>ca'canny</hw> \K/kA:"kani/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b\p\B1\b \IPolit\i the practice of 'going slow' at work; a trade union policy of limiting output.\p\B2\b extreme caution. \BEtymology:\b \3Scots, = proceed warily: see \J\Xcall\x\p\Iv.\i\p16,\j \J\Xcanny\x\j\c
<hw>cacao</hw> \K/k\F'\n"kA:\F'\nU/, /-"keI\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b \IBot\i\p\B1\b a seed pod from which cocoa and chocolate are made.\p\B2\b a small widely cultivated evergreen tree, Theobroma cacao, bearing these. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish from Nahuatl \Icacauatl\i \I(uatl\i 'tree')\c
<hw>cachalot</hw> \K/"kaS\F'\nlQt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a sperm whale. \BEtymology:\b \3French from Spanish & Portuguese \Icachalote,\i from \Icachola\i 'big head'\c
<hw>cache</hw> \K/kaS/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a hiding place for treasure, provisions, ammunition, etc.\p\B2\b what is hidden in a cache.\p\B3\b (in full \Bcache memory)\b \IComputing\i an auxiliary memory from which high-speed retrieval is possible.\K3 new from SOED, corresp. Aug 93\k \Iv.tr.\i put in a cache. \BEtymology:\b \3French from \Icacher\i 'to hide'\c
<hw>cachectic</hw> \K/k\F'\n"kEktIk/\k \Iadj.\i \IMed.\i relating to or having the symptoms of cachexia.
<hw>cachet</hw> \K/"kaSeI/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a distinguishing mark or seal.\p\B2\b prestige.\p\B3\b \IMed.\i a flat capsule enclosing a dose of unpleasant-tasting medicine. \BEtymology:\b \3French from \Icacher\i 'press', ultimately from Latin \Icoactare\i 'constrain'\c
<hw>cachexia</hw> \K/k\F'\n"kEksI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcachexy\b \K/-ksi/\k) \IMed.\i a condition of weakness and wasting of the body associated with chronic disease. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icachexie\i or Late Latin \Icachexia\i from Greek \Ikakhexia,\i from \Ikakos\i 'bad' + \Ihexis\i 'habit'\c
<hw>cacholong</hw> \K/"kaS\F'\nlQN/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMineral\i a kind of opal. \BEtymology:\b \3French, from Mongolian \Ikashchilon\i 'beautiful stone'\c
<hw>cachou</hw> \K/"kaSu:/, /k\F'\n"Su:/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a lozenge to sweeten the breath.\p\B2\b \Ivar. of\i \J\Xcatechu\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3French via Portuguese \Icachu\i from Malay \Ikachu:\i cf. \J\Xcatechu\x\j\c
<hw>cachucha</hw> \K/k\F'\n"tSu:tS\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IDancing\i a Spanish solo dance. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish\c
<hw>cacique</hw> \K/k\F'\n"si:k/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IAnthropol\i a W. Indian or American Indian native chief.\p\B2\b \IPolit\i a political boss in Spain or Latin America. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish or French, from Taino\c
<hw>cackle</hw> \K/"kak(\F'\n)l/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a clucking sound as of a hen or a goose.\p\B2\b a loud silly laugh.\p\B3\b noisy inconsequential talk.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i emit a cackle.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i talk noisily and inconsequentially.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i utter or express with a cackle.\p\1cut the cackle\c \Icolloq.\i stop talking aimlessly and come to the point. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, probably from Middle Low German, Middle Dutch \Ikakelen\i (imitative)\c
<hw>cacodemon</hw> \K/kak\F'\n"di:m\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcacodaemon)\b\p\B1\b an evil spirit.\p\B2\b a malignant person. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ikakodaimon,\i from \Ikakos\i 'bad' + \Idaimon\i 'spirit'\c
<hw>cacodyl</hw> \K/"kak\F'\ndVIl/, /-dIl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i\p\B1\b a malodorous, toxic, spontaneously flammable liquid, tetramethyldiarsine.\p\B2\b \I(often \Battrib.)\b\i a radical derived from this, -As(CH3)2.\Kformula\k \Ksense 2 new f. NSOED Apr 94\k\Bcacodylic\b \K/-"dVIlIk/, /-"dIlIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ikakodes\i 'stinking' from \Ikakos\i 'bad'\c
<hw>cacoethes</hw> \K/kak\F'\nU"i:Ti:z/\k\p\In.\i\pan urge to do something inadvisable. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin from Greek \Ikakoethes\i neut. adj., from \Ikakos\i 'bad' + \Iethos\i 'disposition'\c
<hw>cacography</hw> \K/k\F'\n"kQgr\F'\nfi/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ICalligraphy\i bad handwriting.\p\B2\b bad spelling. \Bcacographer\b\p\In.\i\p\Bcacographic\b \K/kak\F'\n"grafIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Bcacographical\b \K/kak\F'\n"grafIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ikakos\i 'bad', on the pattern of \Iorthography\i\c
<hw>cacology</hw> \K/k\F'\n"kQl\F'\ndZi/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b bad choice of words.\p\B2\b bad pronunciation. \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Icacologia\i from Greek \Ikakologia\i 'vituperation', from \Ikakos\i 'bad'\c
<hw>cacomistle</hw> \K/"kak\F'\nmIs(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a raccoon-like American animal of the genus \IBassariscus,\i with a dark-ringed tail, esp. B. astutus of N. America. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin American Spanish \Icacomixtle\i from Nahuatl \Itlacomiztli\i\c
<hw>cacophony</hw> \K/k\F'\n"kQf(\F'\n)ni/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b a harsh discordant mixture of sound.\p\B2\b dissonance; discord. \Bcacophonous\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icacophonie\i via Greek \Ikakophonia\i from \Ikakophonos,\i from \Ikakos\i 'bad' + \Iphone\i 'sound'\c
<hw>cactus</hw> \K/"kakt\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bcacti\b \K/-tVI/\k or \Bcactuses)\b \IBot\i any succulent plant of the family Cactaceae, native to arid parts of the New World, with a thick fleshy stem, usu. spines but no leaves, and often brilliantly coloured flowers. \Bcactaceous\b \K/-"teIS\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, from Greek \Ikaktos\i 'cardoon' (an obsolete sense in English)\c
<hw>cactus dahlia</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a dahlia with quilled petals resembling a cactus flower.
<hw>cacuminal</hw> \K/k\F'\n"kju:mIn(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \IPhonet.\i = \J\Xretroflex\x 2.\j\Kretroflex preferred term currently Sept 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icacuminare\i 'make pointed' from \Icacumen -minis\i 'treetop'\c
<hw>cad</hw> \K/kad/\k\p\In.\i\pa person (esp. a man) who behaves dishonourably. \Bcaddish\b \Iadj.\i \Bcaddishly\b \Iadv.\i \Bcaddishness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation of \J\Xcaddie\x\j in earlier sense 'odd-job man'\c
<hw>cadastral</hw> \K/k\F'\n"dastr(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \ICommerce\i of or showing the extent, value, and ownership of land, esp. for taxation. \BEtymology:\b \3French from \Icadastre\i 'register of property' via Provenτal \Icadastro\i from Italian \Icatast(r)o\i (earlier \Icatastico),\i from late Greek \Ikatastikhon\i 'list, register', from \Ikata stikhon\i 'line by line'\c
<hw>cadaver</hw> \K/k\F'\n"dA:v\F'\n/, /-"deI-/\k\p\In.\i\p\Iesp. Med.\i a corpse. \Bcadaveric\b \K/-"dav(\F'\n)rIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Latin from \Icadere\i 'fall'\c
<hw>caddie</hw> \K/"kadi/\k \In. & v.\i (also \Bcaddy)\b \IGolf\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b a person who assists a golfer during a match, by carrying clubs etc. \Iv.intr.\i \B(caddies,\b \Bcaddied,\b \Bcaddying)\b act as caddie. \BEtymology:\b \3originally Scots from French \J\Xcadet\x\j\c
<hw>caddie car</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcaddie cart)\b \BBrit.\b \IGolf\i a light two-wheeled trolley for transporting golf clubs during a game.
<hw>caddis-fly</hw> \K/"kadIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-flies)\b \IZool\i a small mothlike insect of the order Trichoptera, with aquatic larvae. \BEtymology:\b \317th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>caddish</hw> \Isee\i \J\Xcad\x.\j
<hw>caddis-worm</hw> \K/"kadIs/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcaddis)\b \IZool\i the aquatic larva of a caddis-fly, often making a protective cylindrical case of sticks, leaves, etc., and used as fishing bait. \BEtymology:\b \3as \J\Xcaddis-fly\x\j\c
<hw>caddy (1)</hw> \K/"kadi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b a small container, esp. a box for holding tea. \BEtymology:\b \3earlier \Icatty,\i a unit of weight of 1\U1\u/\D3\d lb (0.61kg), from Malay \Ikati\i\c
<hw>cadence</hw> \K/"keId(\F'\n)ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPhonet\i a fall in pitch of the voice, esp. at the end of a phrase or sentence.\p\B2\b \IPhonet\i intonation, tonal inflection.\p\B3\b \IMus.\i the close of a musical phrase.\p\B4\b rhythm; the measure or beat of sound or movement. \Bcadenced\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Italian \Icadenza,\i ultimately from Latin \Icadere\i 'fall'\c
<hw>cadential</hw> \K/k\F'\n"dEnS(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \IPhonet Mus\i of a cadence or cadenza.
<hw>cadenza</hw> \K/k\F'\n"dEnz\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMus.\i a virtuosic passage for a solo instrument or voice, usu. near the close of a movement of a concerto, sometimes improvised. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian: see \J\Xcadence\x\j\c
<hw>cadet</hw> \K/k\F'\n"dEt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \I\Iesp.\i Mil\i a young trainee in the armed services or police force.\p\B2\b \IMil\i a boy or girl of 13-18 who undergoes voluntary army, navy, or air force training, together with adventure training, occasionally also undertaking public duties.\K2 new from OED, corpus Sept 94\k\p\B3\b \BNZ\b \IAgriculture\i an apprentice in sheep farming.\p\B4\b a younger son. \Bcadetship\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French from Gascon dialect \Icapdet,\i ultimately from Latin \Icaput\i 'head'\c
<hw>cadge</hw> \K/kadZ/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i get or seek by begging.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i beg. \Bcadger\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \319th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>cadi</hw> \K/"kA:di/, /"keIdi/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bkadi)\b \I(pl.\i \B-is)\b \ILaw\i a judge in a Muslim country. \BEtymology:\b \3Arabic \Ikadi\i from \Ikada\i 'to judge'\c
<hw>Cadmean</hw> \K/kad"mi:\F'\nn/\k \Iadj.\i = \J\Xpyrrhic\x (1).\j \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \ICadmeus\i from Greek \IKadmeios,\i from \IKadmos\i 'Cadmus': see \J\Xcadmium\x\j\c
<hw>cadmium</hw> \K/"kadmI\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i a soft bluish-white toxic metallic element occurring naturally with zinc ores, and used in the manufacture of solders and pigments and in electroplating (symbol \BCd).\b\Ksymb\k \BEtymology:\b \3obsolete \Icadmia\i 'calamine' via Latin from Greek \Ikadm(e)ia\i \I(ge)\i 'Cadmean (earth)', from \IKadmos\i 'Cadmus', the name of the legendary founder of Thebes: see \J\X-ium\x\j\c
<hw>cadmium cell</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IElectr.\i a standard primary cell.
<hw>cadmium yellow</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IArt\i an intense yellow pigment containing cadmium sulphide and used in paints etc.\Kcolour aaw\k
<hw>cadre</hw> \K/"kA:d\F'\n/, /"kA:dr(\F'\n)/, /"kadri/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMil\i a basic unit, esp. of servicemen, forming a nucleus for expansion when necessary.\p\B2\b \IPolit\i also \K/"keId\F'\n/\k \Ba\b a group of activists in a communist or other revolutionary party. \Bb\b a member of such a group. \BEtymology:\b \3in early use 'a framework, a plan': French via Italian \Iquadro\i from Latin \Iquadrus\i 'square'\c
<hw>caduceus</hw> \K/k\F'\n"dju:sI\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bcaducei\b \K/-sIVI/\k) \IMythol\i an ancient Greek or Roman herald's wand, esp. as carried by the messenger-god Hermes or Mercury. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, from Doric Greek \Ikaruk(e)ion\i from \Ikerux\i 'herald'\c
<hw>caducous</hw> \K/k\F'\n"dju:k\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i \IBiol.\i (of organs and parts) easily detached or shed at an early stage. \Bcaducity\b \K/-sIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icaducus\i 'falling' from \Icadere\i 'fall'\c
<hw>caecilian</hw> \K/sI"sIlI\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcoecilian)\b \IZool\i a burrowing wormlike amphibian of the order Gymnophiona, having poorly developed eyes and no limbs. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icaecilia\i 'slow-worm'\c
<hw>caecitis</hw> \K/sI"kVItIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Bcecitis)\b \IMed.\i inflammation of the caecum.
<hw>caecum</hw> \K/"si:k\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Bcecum)\b \I(pl.\i \B-ca\b \K/-k\F'\n/\k) \IAnat.\i a blind-ended pouch at the junction of the small and large intestines. \Bcaecal\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \I(intestinum)\i \Icaecum\i 'blind (gut)', from \Icaecus\i 'blind', translation of Greek \Ituphlon enteron\i\c
<hw>Caerns.</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IGeog\i Caernarvonshire (a former county in Wales).
<hw>Caerphilly</hw> \K/kE:"fIli/, /kA:-/, /k\F'\n-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFood\i a kind of mild white cheese originally made in Caerphilly in Wales.
<hw>Caesar</hw> \K/"si:z\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IRom.Hist.\i the title of the Roman emperors, esp. from Augustus to Hadrian.\p\B2\b an autocrat.\p\B3\b \BBrit.\b \IMed.\i \Islang\i a Caesarean section; a case of this. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, family name of Gaius Julius \ICaesar,\i Roman statesman d. 44 bc\c
<hw>Caesarean</hw> \K/sI"zE:rI\F'\nn/\k \Iadj. & n.\i (also \BCaesarian)\b \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of Caesar or the Caesars.\p\B2\b \B(US\b also \BCes-)\b \IMed\i (of a birth) effected by Caesarean section.\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a Caesarean section. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \ICaesarianus\i\c
<hw>Caesarean section</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i an operation for delivering a child by cutting through the wall of the mother's abdomen (Julius Caesar supposedly having been born this way).
<hw>Caesar salad</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i a salad consisting of cos lettuce and croutons served with a dressing of olive oil, lemon juice, raw egg, Worcester sauce, and seasoning.\Knew f. OERD\k \BEtymology:\b \3\ICaesar\i Cardini, Mexican restaurateur who invented it in 1924\c
<hw>Caesar's wife</hw>\p\In.\i\pa person required to be above suspicion.
<hw>caesium</hw> \K/"si:zI\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Bcesium)\b \IChem\i a rare soft silver-white element of the alkali metal group, occurring in certain minerals, and used in photoelectric cells and atomic clocks (symbol \BCs).\b\Ksymb\k \BEtymology:\b \3as \J\Xcaesious\x\j (from its spectrum lines)\c
<hw>caesura</hw> \K/sI"zjU\F'\nr\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bcaesuras)\b \IProsody\i\p\B1\b (in Greek and Latin verse) a break between words within a metrical foot.\p\B2\b (in modern verse) a pause near the middle of a line. \Bcaesural\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin from \Icaedere caes-\i 'cut'\c
<hw>CAF</hw> \Iabbr.\i \BUS\b \ICommerce\i cost and freight.
<hw>cafΘ</hw> \K/"kafeI/, /"kafi/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcafe\b \K\Ipronunc.\i same or \Ijoc.\i /kaf/, /keIf/\k)\p\B1\b a small coffee house or tea shop; a simple restaurant.\p\B2\b \BN. Amer.\b a bar or nightclub. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = coffee, coffee house\c
\B\IcafΘ au lait\b\i \K/kafeI \F'\nU "leI/, French /kafe o lE/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IDrink\i coffee with milk.\p\B2\b the colour of this.
<hw>cafΘ-bar</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcafe-bar)\b a cafΘ in which alcoholic drinks can be bought.\Knew f. corpus Sep 93\k
\B\IcafΘ noir\b\i \K/kafeI "nwA:/, French /kafe nwar/\k\p\In.\i\p\IDrink\i black coffee.
<hw>cafΘ society</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ISociol.\i the regular patrons of fashionable restaurants and nightclubs.
<hw>cafeteria</hw> \K/kafI"tI\F'\nrI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFood\i a restaurant in which customers collect their meals on trays at a counter and usu. pay before sitting down to eat. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin American Spanish \Icafeterφa\i 'coffee shop'\c
<hw>cafetiΦre</hw> \K/kaf"tjE:/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IDrink\i a coffee pot with a plunger that pushes the grounds to the bottom.\Knew f. SOED Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3French\c
<hw>caffeine</hw> \K/"kafi:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPharm\i an alkaloid drug with stimulant action, found in tea leaves and coffee beans. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IcafΘine\i from \IcafΘ\i 'coffee'\c
<hw>Cafod</hw> \K/"kafQd/\k \Iabbr.\i Catholic Fund for Overseas Development.\Knew f. corpus Sept 94\k
<hw>caftan</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xkaftan\x.\j
<hw>cage</hw> \K/keIdZ/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a structure of bars or wires, esp. for confining animals or birds.\p\B2\b any similar open framework, esp. an enclosed platform or lift in a mine or the compartment for passengers in a lift.\p\B3\b \Icolloq.\i a camp for prisoners of war. \Iv.tr.\i place or keep in a cage. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Icavea\i\c
<hw>cage bird</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a bird of the kind customarily kept in a cage.
<hw>cagoule</hw> \K/k\F'\n"gu:l/\k\p\In.\i\p\IClothing\i a thin hooded outer jacket (esp. one that is windproof and waterproof), worn in mountaineering etc. \BEtymology:\b \3French, literally 'cowl'\c
<hw>cahoots</hw> \K/k\F'\n"hu:ts/\k \In.pl.\i\p\1in cahoots\c \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i \Islang\i in collusion. \BEtymology:\b \319th c.: origin uncertain\c
<hw>Cain</hw> \K/keIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\1raise Cain\c \Icolloq.\i make a disturbance; create trouble. \BEtymology:\b \3\ICain,\i eldest son of Adam, who murdered his brother (Genesis 4)\c
<hw>caique</hw> \K/kVI"i:k/, /kA:-/\k\p\In.\i\p\INaut\i\p\B1\b a light rowing boat on the Bosporus.\p\B2\b an eastern Mediterranean sailing ship. \BEtymology:\b \3French via Italian \Icaicco\i from Turkish \Ikayik\i\c
<hw>cairn</hw> \K/kE:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMountaineering Geog\i a mound of rough stones built as a monument or landmark.\p\B2\b (in full \Bcairn terrier)\b \IZool\i \Ba\b a small terrier of a breed with short legs, a longish body, and a shaggy coat (perhaps so called from its being used to hunt among cairns). \Bb\b this breed. \BEtymology:\b \3Gaelic \Icarn\i\c
<hw>cairngorm</hw> \K/"kE:ngO:m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMineral.\i a yellow or wine-coloured semi-precious form of quartz. \BEtymology:\b \3found on \ICairngorm,\i a mountain in Scotland (Gaelic \Icarn gorm\i 'blue cairn')\c
<hw>caisson</hw> \K/"keIs(\F'\n)n/, /k\F'\n"su:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IEngin\i a watertight chamber in which underwater construction work can be done.\p\B2\b \INaut\i a floating vessel used as a floodgate in docks.\p\B3\b \IMil\i an ammunition chest or wagon. \BEtymology:\b \3French (from Italian \Icassone)\i assimilated to \Icaisse\i \J\Xcase\x (2)\j\c
<hw>caitiff</hw> \K/"keItIf/\k \In. & adj.\i \Ipoet.\i or \Iarchaic\i\p\In.\i\pa base or despicable person; a coward. \Iadj.\i base, despicable, cowardly. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Icaitif,\i \Ichaitif,\i ultimately from Latin \Icaptivus\i \J\Xcaptive\x\j\c
<hw>cajole</hw> \K/k\F'\n"dZ\F'\nUl/\k \Iv.tr.\i \I(often foll. by \Binto,\b \Bout of)\b\i persuade by flattery, deceit, etc. \Bcajolement\b\p\In.\i\p\Bcajolery\b\p\In.\i\p\Kcajoler omitted Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icajoler\i\c
<hw>Cajun</hw> \K/"keIdZ(\F'\n)n/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\IPeople\i a French-speaking descendant of early settlers in Acadia, living esp. in the bayou areas of southern Louisiana. \Iadj.\i of or relating to the Cajuns, esp. with reference to their music, cuisine, etc.\Knew from SOED Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3alteration of \J\XAcadian\x\j\c
<hw>cake</hw> \K/keIk/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ICookery\i \Ba\b a mixture of flour, butter, eggs, sugar, etc., baked in the oven. \Bb\b a quantity of this baked in a flat round or ornamental shape and often iced and decorated.\p\B2\b \IFood\i \Ba\b other food in a flat round shape \3(fish cake).\c \Bb\b = \J\Xcattle cake\x.\j\p\B3\b a flattish compact mass \3(a cake of soap).\c\p\B4\b \BSc.\b & \BN.Engl.\b \IFood\i thin oaten bread.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr. & intr.\i form into a compact mass.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bwith)\b\i cover (with a hard or sticky mass) \3(boots caked with mud).\c\p\1cakes and ale\c merrymaking.\p\1have one's cake and eat it\c \Icolloq.\i enjoy both of two mutually exclusive alternatives.\p\1a piece of cake\c \Icolloq.\i something easily achieved.\p\1sell (or go) like hot cakes\c be sold (or go) quickly; be popular.\p\1a slice of the cake\c \Icolloq.\i participation in benefits. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, probably from Old Norse \Ikaka\i\c
<hw>cake-hole</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \Islang\i the mouth.\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED, COD box Aug 93\k
<hw>cakewalk</hw> \K/"keIkwO:k/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IDancing\i a dance developed from an American black contest in graceful walking with a cake as a prize.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i an easy task.\p\B3\b \BBrit.\b a form of fairground entertainment consisting of a promenade moved by machinery.
<hw>Cal</hw> \Iabbr.\i \ISci\i large calorie(s) or kilocalorie(s).
<hw>Cal.</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IGeog\i California.
<hw>cal</hw> \Iabbr.\i \ISci\i small calorie(s).
<hw>Calabar bean</hw> \K/"kal\F'\nbA:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPharm\i a poisonous seed of the tropical African climbing plant Physostigma venosum, containing alkaloids used in medicine. \BEtymology:\b \3\ICalabar\i in Nigeria\c
<hw>calabash</hw> \K/"kal\F'\nbaS/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBot\i \Ba\b an evergreen tree, Crescentia cujete, native to tropical America, bearing fruit in the form of large gourds. \Bb\b a gourd from this tree.\p\B2\b the shell of this or a similar gourd used as a vessel for water, to make a tobacco pipe, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icalebasse\i from Spanish \Icalabaza,\i perhaps from Persian \Ikarbuz\i 'melon'\c
<hw>calaboose</hw> \K/kal\F'\n"bu:s/\k\p\In.\i\p\BUS\b \ICriminol\i \Idial.\i a prison. \BEtymology:\b \3black French \Icalabouse\i from Spanish \Icalabozo\i 'dungeon'\c
<hw>calabrese</hw> \K/"kal\F'\nbri:s/, /kal\F'\n"bri:s/, /kal\F'\n"breIsi/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IBot\i a large succulent variety of sprouting broccoli. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian, = Calabrian\c
<hw>calamanco</hw> \K/kal\F'\n"maNk\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-oes)\b \ITextiles\i \Ihist.\i a glossy woollen cloth chequered on one side. \BEtymology:\b \316th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>calamander</hw> \K/"kal\F'\nmand\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a fine-grained red-brown ebony streaked with black, from the Asian tree Diospyros qualsita, used in furniture. \BEtymology:\b \319th c.: Sinhalese \Ikalu-madiriya\i\c
<hw>calamari</hw> \K/kal\F'\n"mA:ri/\k \In.pl.\i \ICookery\i squid served as food. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian \Icalamari\i \I(pl.\i of \Icalamaro),\i or modern Greek \Ikalamari:\i cf. \J\Xcalamary\x\j\c
<hw>calamary</hw> \K/"kal\F'\nm\F'\nri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IZool\i \Iarchaic\i a squid, esp. one of the genus \ILoligo.\i \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Icalamarium\i 'pen-case' from Latin \Icalamus\i 'pen', with reference to its long tapering horny internal shell\c
<hw>calamine</hw> \K/"kal\F'\nmVIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMed.\i a pink powder consisting of zinc carbonate and ferric oxide, used in lotions and ointments.\p\B2\b \IMineral.\i a zinc ore, esp. zinc carbonate as a mineral. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via French from medieval Latin \Icalamina,\i alteration of Latin \Icadmia:\i \Isee\i \J\Xcadmium\x\j\c
<hw>calamint</hw> \K/"kal\F'\nmInt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i an aromatic herb or shrub of the former genus \ICalamintha\i (now \IClinopodium,\i mint family). \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icalament,\i medieval Latin \Icalamentum,\i and Late Latin \Icalaminthe\i from Greek \Ikalaminthe\i\c
<hw>calamity</hw> \K/k\F'\n"lamIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b a disaster, a great misfortune.\p\B2\b \Ba\b adversity. \Bb\b deep distress. \Bcalamitous\b \Iadj.\i \Bcalamitously\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via French \IcalamitΘ\i from Latin \Icalamitas -tatis\i\c
<hw>Calamity Jane</hw>\p\In.\i\pa prophet of disaster. \BEtymology:\b \3the nickname of Martha Jane Burke (d. 1903), American frontierswoman and markswoman\c
<hw>calando</hw> \K/k\F'\n"land\F'\nU/\k \Iadv.\i \IMus.\i gradually decreasing in speed and volume. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian, = slackening\c
<hw>calash</hw> \K/k\F'\n"laS/\k\p\In.\i\p\Ihist.\i\p\B1\b \ITransport\i \Ba\b a light low-wheeled carriage with a removable folding hood. \Bb\b the folding hood itself.\p\B2\b \BCanad.\b \ITransport\i a two-wheeled horse-drawn vehicle.\p\B3\b \IFashion\i a woman's hooped silk hood. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IcalΦche\i via German \IKalesche\i from Polish \Ikolaska\i or Czech \Ikolesa,\i from \Ikolo\i 'wheel'\c
<hw>calc-</hw> \K/kalk/\k \Icomb. form\i lime or calcium. \BEtymology:\b \3German \IKalk\i from Latin \J\Xcalx\x\j\c
<hw>calcaneus</hw> \K/kal"keInI\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcalcaneum\b \K/-nI\F'\nm/\k) \I(pl.\i \Bcalcanei\b \K/-nIVI/\k or \Bcalcanea\b \K/-nI\F'\n/\k) \IAnat\i the bone forming the heel. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin\c
<hw>calcareous</hw> \K/kal"kE:rI\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i (also \Bcalcarious)\b of or containing calcium carbonate; chalky. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icalcarius\i (as \J\Xcalx\x)\j\c
<hw>calceolaria</hw> \K/kalsI\F'\n"lE:rI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot.\i a plant of the S. American genus \ICalceolaria\i (figwort family), with slipper-shaped flowers. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin, from Latin \Icalceolus,\i diminutive of \Icalceus\i 'shoe' + -\Iaria\i fem. = \J\X-ary\x (1)\j\c
<hw>calcicole</hw> \K/"kalsIk\F'\nUl/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IBot\i \Iadj.\i growing best in calcareous soil.\p\In.\i\pa calcicole plant. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \J\Xcalx\x\j 'lime' + \Icolere\i 'inhabit'\c\Knew from NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k
<hw>calciferol</hw> \K/kal"sIf\F'\nrQl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiochem\i one of the D vitamins, routinely added to dairy products, essential for the deposition of calcium in bones. \IAlso called\i \Iergocalciferol,\i \Ivitamin D2.\i \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xcalciferous\x\j + \J\X-ol\x (1)\j\c
<hw>calcifuge</hw> \K/"kalsIfju:dZ/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IBot\i \Iadj.\i not suited to calcareous soil.\p\In.\i\pa calcifuge plant. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \J\Xcalx\x\j 'lime' + \J\X-fuge\x\j\c\Knew from NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k
<hw>calcify</hw> \K/"kalsIfVI/\k \Iv.tr. & intr.\i \B(-ies,\b \B-ied)\b \IChem\i\p\B1\b harden or become hardened by deposition of calcium salts; petrify.\p\B2\b convert or be converted to calcium carbonate. \Bcalcific\b \K/-"sIfIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Bcalcification\b \K/-fI"keIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>calcine</hw> \K/"kalsVIn/, /-sIn/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \IChem.\i \Itr.\i \Ba\b reduce, oxidize, or desiccate by strong heat. \Bb\b burn to ashes; consume by fire; roast. \Bc\b reduce to calcium oxide by roasting or burning.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i consume or purify as if by fire.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i undergo any of these. \Bcalcination\b \K/-sI"neIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icalciner\i or medieval Latin \Icalcinare\i from Late Latin \Icalcina\i 'lime', from Latin \J\Xcalx\x\j\c
<hw>calcite</hw> \K/"kalsVIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMineral\i natural crystalline calcium carbonate. \BEtymology:\b \3German \ICalcit\i from Latin \J\Xcalx\x\j 'lime'\c
<hw>calcium</hw> \K/"kalsI\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i a soft grey metallic element of the alkaline earth group occurring naturally in limestone, chalk, gypsum, etc., and whose ions and salts are essential to life (symbol \BCa).\b\Ksymb\k \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \J\Xcalx\x\j 'lime' + \J\X-ium\x\j\c
<hw>calcium carbonate</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i a white insoluble solid occurring naturally as chalk, limestone, marble, and calcite, forming mollusc shells and stony corals, and used in the manufacture of lime and cement.
<hw>calcium hydroxide</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i a white crystalline powder used in the manufacture of plaster and cement; slaked lime.
<hw>calcium oxide</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i a white solid alkaline compound, commonly produced in the form of quicklime (see \J\Xlime\x (1) 1).\j \IAlso called\i \Icalx.\i
<hw>calcium phosphate</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i the main constituent of animal bones, used as bone ash fertilizer.
<hw>calcium sulphate</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i a white crystalline solid occurring as anhydrite and gypsum.
<hw>calcrete</hw> \K/"kalkri:t/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeol.\i a conglomerate formed by the cementation of sand and gravel with calcium carbonate. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xcalc-\x\j + con\Icrete\i\c
<hw>calculable</hw> \K/"kalkjUl\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i able to be calculated or estimated. \Bcalculability\b \K/-"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bcalculably\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>calculate</hw> \K/"kalkjUleIt/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i ascertain or determine beforehand, esp. by mathematics or by reckoning.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i plan deliberately.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bon,\b \Bupon)\b\i rely on; make an essential part of one's reckoning \3(calculated on a quick response).\c \Bcalculative\b \K/-l\F'\ntIv/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Icalculare\i (as \J\Xcalculus\x)\j\c
<hw>calculated</hw> \K/"kalkjUleItId/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b (of an action) done with awareness of the likely consequences.\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bto\b + infin.)\i designed or suitable; intended. \Bcalculatedly\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>calculating</hw> \K/"kalkjUleItIN/\k \Iadj.\i (of a person) shrewd, scheming. \Bcalculatingly\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>calculation</hw> \K/kalkjU"leIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or process of calculating.\p\B2\b a result got by calculating.\p\B3\b a reckoning or forecast. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Late Latin \Icalculatio\i (as \J\Xcalculate\x)\j\c
<hw>calculator</hw> \K/"kalkjUleIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a device (esp. a small electronic one) used for making mathematical calculations.\p\B2\b a person or thing that calculates.\p\B3\b \IMath\i a set of tables used in calculation. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin (as \J\Xcalculate\x)\j\c
<hw>calculus</hw> \K/"kalkjUl\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bcalculuses\b or \Bcalculi\b \K/-lVI/, /-li:/\k)\p\B1\b \Ba\b a particular method of calculation or reasoning \3(calculus of probabilities).\c \Bb\b \IMath.\i the infinitesimal calculuses of integration or differentiation (see \J\Xintegral calculus\x,\j \J\Xdifferential calculus\x).\j\p\B2\b \Ba\b \IMed.\i a stone or concretion of minerals formed within the body, esp. in the kidney or gall bladder. \Bb\b \IDentistry\i = \J\Xtartar\x 1.\j\Ksense 2b new in COD9 f. DJT, books in library Aug 93\k \Bcalculous\b \Iadj.\i (in sense 2). \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = small stone used in reckoning on an abacus\c
<hw>caldera</hw> \K/kQl"dE:r\F'\n/, /-"dI\F'\nr\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeol\i a large volcanic crater, esp. one whose breadth greatly exceeds that of the vent or vents within it. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish from Late Latin \Icaldaria\i 'boiling-pot'\c
<hw>caldron</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xcauldron\x.\j
<hw>Caledonian</hw> \K/kalI"d\F'\nUnI\F'\nn/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of or relating to Scotland.\p\B2\b \IGeol.\i of a mountain-forming period in Europe in the Palaeozoic era.\p\In.\i\p\IPeople\i a Scotsman. \BEtymology:\b \3\ICaledonia\i the Latin name for northern Britain\c
<hw>calefacient</hw> \K/kalI"feIS(\F'\n)nt/\k \In. & adj.\i \IMed.\i\p\In.\i\pany substance producing or causing a sensation of warmth. \Iadj.\i having this property. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icalefacere,\i from \Icalere\i 'be warm' + \Ifacere\i 'make'\c
<hw>calendar</hw> \K/"kalInd\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a system by which the beginning, length, and subdivisions of the year are fixed.\p\B2\b a chart or series of pages showing the days, weeks, and months of a particular year, or giving special seasonal information.\p\B3\b a timetable or programme of appointments, special events, etc.\p\B4\b a list or register, esp. of canonized saints, cases for trial, etc.\Ksense 4 new f. NSOED to explain saint v. Aug 93\k \Iv.tr.\i register or enter in a calendar or timetable etc. \Bcalendric\b \K/-"lEndrIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Bcalendrical\b \K/-"lEndrIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Anglo-French \Icalender,\i Old French \Icalendier\i from Latin \Icalendarium\i 'account book' (as \J\Xcalends\x)\j\c
<hw>calender</hw> \K/"kalInd\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i \ITextiles\i\p\In.\i\pa machine in which cloth, paper, etc., is pressed by rollers to glaze or smooth it. \Iv.tr.\i press in a calender. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icalendre(r),\i of unknown origin\c
<hw>calends</hw> \K/"kalIndz/\k \In.pl.\i (also \Bkalends)\b \IRom.Hist.\i the first of the month in the ancient Roman calendar. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icalendes\i from Latin \Ikalendae,\i the first day of the month, when the order of days was proclaimed, from the base of Latin \Icalare,\i Greek \Ikalein\i 'call, proclaim'\c
<hw>calendula</hw> \K/k\F'\n"lEndjUl\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i any plant of the genus \ICalendula\i (daisy family), with large yellow or orange flowers, e.g. marigold. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin diminutive of \Icalendae\i (as \J\Xcalends\x),\j perhaps = little clock\c
<hw>calenture</hw> \K/"kal(\F'\n)ntjU\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i \Ihist.\i a tropical delirium of sailors, who imagine the sea to be green fields. \BEtymology:\b \3French, from Spanish \Icalentura\i 'fever' from \Icalentar\i 'be hot', ultimately from Latin \Icalere\i 'be warm'\c
<hw>calf (1)</hw> \K/kA:f/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bcalves\b \K/kA:vz/\k) \IZool\i\p\B1\b (used esp. of domestic cattle) a young bovine animal.\p\B2\b the young of other animals, e.g. elephant, deer, and whale.\p\B3\b \INaut.\i a floating piece of ice detached from an iceberg.\p\1in (or with) calf\c (of a cow) pregnant. \Bcalflike\b \Iadj.\i\Kcalfhood, calfish omitted Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Icµlf,\i from West Germanic\c
<hw>calf (2)</hw> \K/kA:f/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bcalves\b \K/kA:vz/\k) \IAnat\i the fleshy hind part of the human leg below the knee. \B-calved\b \K/kA:vd/\k \Iadj.\i \I(in \Bcomb.).\b\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old Norse \Ikßlfi,\i of unknown origin\c
<hw>calf-length</hw> \Iadj.\i \IClothing\i (of a garment) reaching down to the calves.\Knew f. corpus Sep 93\k
<hw>calf love</hw>\p\In.\i\promantic attachment or affection between adolescents.
<hw>calfskin</hw> \K/"kA:fskIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILeather\i calf leather, esp. in bookbinding and shoemaking.
<hw>calibrate</hw> \K/"kalIbreIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b mark (a gauge) with a standard scale of readings.\p\B2\b correlate the readings of (an instrument) with a standard.\p\B3\b \IMil\i determine the calibre of.\p\B4\b determine the correct capacity or value of. \Bcalibrator\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xcalibre\x\j + \J\X-ate\x (3)\j\c
<hw>calibration</hw> \K/kalI"breIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or process of calibrating something.\p\B2\b each of a set of graduations on an instrument etc.\Knew as hwd f. OERD Apr 94\k
<hw>calibre</hw> \K/"kalIb\F'\n/, /k\F'\n"li:b\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Bcaliber)\b\p\B1\b \IMil\i \Ba\b the internal diameter of a gun or tube. \Bb\b the diameter of a bullet or shell.\p\B2\b strength or quality of character; ability, importance \3(we need someone of your calibre).\c \Bcalibred\b \Iadj.\i \I(also in \Bcomb.).\b\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icalibre\i or Italian \Icalibro,\i from Arabic \Ikalib\i 'mould'\c
<hw>caliche</hw> \K/k\F'\n"li:tSi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeol\i\p\B1\b a mineral deposit of gravel, sand, and nitrates, esp. Chile saltpetre, found in dry areas of America.\p\B2\b = \J\Xcalcrete\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3Latin American Spanish\c
<hw>calico</hw> \K/"kalIk\F'\nU/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-oes\b or \BN. Amer.\b \B-os)\b \ITextiles\i\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b a cotton cloth, esp. plain white or unbleached.\p\B2\b \BN. Amer.\b a printed cotton fabric. \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b made of calico.\p\B2\b \BN. Amer.\b multicoloured, piebald. \BEtymology:\b \3earlier \Icalicut\i from \ICalicut\i (now Kozhikode), a city and port in India from which the cloth was exported\c
<hw>Californian</hw> \K/kalI"fO:nI\F'\nn/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i of or relating to California, a state on the Pacific coast of N. America.\p\In.\i\pa native or inhabitant of California.\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED, corpus Aug 93\k
<hw>Californian poppy</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a plant of the poppy family, Eschscholtzia californica, grown for its brilliant yellow or orange flowers.\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED Aug 93\k
<hw>californium</hw> \K/kalI"fO:nI\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i a transuranic radioactive metallic element produced artificially from curium (symbol \BCf).\b\Ksymb\k \BEtymology:\b \3\ICalifornia\i (where it was first made) + \J\X-ium\x\j\c
<hw>caliph</hw> \K/"keIlIf/, /"ka-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i \Iesp. hist.\i the chief Muslim civil and religious ruler, regarded as the successor of Muhammad. \Bcaliphate\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icaliphe\i from Arabic \IKalifa\i 'successor'\c
<hw>call</hw> \K/kO:l/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \Ba\b \I(often foll. by \Bout)\b\i cry, shout; speak loudly. \Bb\b (of a bird or animal) emit its characteristic note or cry.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i communicate or converse with by telephone or radio.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b bring to one's presence by calling; summon \3(will you call the children?).\c \Bb\b arrange for (a person or thing) to come or be present \3(called a taxi).\c\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bat,\b \Bin,\b \Bon)\b\i \Besp. Brit.\b pay a brief visit \3(called at the house;\c \2called in to see you;\c \2come and call on me).\c\p\B5\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b order to take place; fix a time for \3(called a meeting).\c \Bb\b direct to happen; announce \3(call a halt).\c\p\B6\b \Ba\b \Iintr.\i require one's attention or consideration \3(duty calls).\c \Bb\b \Itr.\i urge, invite, nominate \3(call to the bar).\c\p\B7\b \Itr.\i name; describe as \3(call her Della).\c\p\B8\b \Itr.\i consider; regard or estimate as \3(I call that silly).\c\p\B9\b \Itr.\i rouse from sleep \3(call me at eight o'clock).\c\p\B10\b \Iintr.\i guess the outcome of tossing a coin etc.\p\B11\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bfor)\b\i order, require, demand \3(called for silence).\c\p\B12\b \Itr.\i \I(foll. by \Bover)\b\i read out (a list of names to determine those present).\p\B13\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bon,\b \Bupon)\b\i invoke; appeal to; request or require \3(called on us to be quiet).\c\p\B14\b \Itr.\i \ICricket\i (of an umpire) disallow a ball from (a bowler).\p\B15\b \Itr.\i \ICards\i specify (a suit or contract) in bidding.\p\B16\b \Itr.\i \BSc.\b drive (an animal, vehicle, etc.).\p\B17\b \Itr.\i \IDancing\i (in country dancing etc.) announce (the next figure or set of steps) by shouting rhythmically.\Ksense 17 new in COD9 f. News Aug 93\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a shout or cry; an act of calling.\p\B2\b \Ba\b the characteristic cry of a bird or animal. \Bb\b an imitation of this. \Bc\b an instrument for imitating it.\p\B3\b a brief visit \3(paid them a call).\c\p\B4\b \ITelephony\i \Ba\b an act of telephoning. \Bb\b a telephone conversation.\p\B5\b \Ba\b an invitation or summons to appear or be present. \Bb\b an appeal or invitation (from a specific source or discerned by a person's conscience etc.) to follow a certain profession, set of principles, etc.\p\B6\b \I(foll. by \Bfor,\b or \Bto\b + infin.)\i a duty, need, or occasion \3(no call to be rude;\c \2no call for violence).\c\p\B7\b \I(foll. by \Bfor,\b \Bon)\b\i a demand \3(not much call for it these days;\c \2a call on one's time).\c\p\B8\b a signal on a bugle etc.; a signalling whistle.\p\B9\b \IStock Exch.\i an option of buying stock at a fixed price at a given date.\p\B10\b \ICards\i \Ba\b a player's right or turn to make a bid. \Bb\b a bid made.\p\B11\b \IDancing\i (in country dancing etc.) a direction called to the dancers.\Ksense 11 new in COD9 f. News Aug 93\k\p\1at call\c = \Ion call.\i\p\Bcall away\b divert, distract.\p\1call a person's bluff\c \Isee\i \J\Xbluff\x (1).\j\p\Bcall down\b\p\B1\b invoke.\p\B2\b reprimand.\p\Bcall forth\b elicit.\p\Bcall in\b \Itr.\i\p\B1\b withdraw from circulation.\p\B2\b seek the advice or services of.\p\1call in (or into) question\c dispute; doubt the validity of.\p\1call into play\c give scope for; make use of.\p\1call it a day\c \Isee\i \J\Xday\x.\j\p\1call a person names\c abuse a person verbally.\p\Bcall off\b\p\B1\b cancel (an arrangement etc.).\p\B2\b order (an attacker or pursuer) to desist.\p\1call of nature\c a need to urinate or defecate.\p\Bcall out\b\p\B1\b summon (troops etc.) to action.\p\B2\b order (workers) to strike.\p\1call the shots\c (or \Btune)\b be in control; take the initiative.\p\1call a spade a spade\c \Isee\i \J\Xspade\x (1).\j\p\1call to account\c \Isee\i \J\Xaccount\x.\j\p\1call to mind\c recollect; cause one to remember.\p\1call to order\c\p\B1\b request to be orderly.\p\B2\b declare (a meeting) open.\p\Bcall up\b\p\B1\b \ITelephony\i reach by telephone.\p\B2\b imagine, recollect.\p\B3\b \IMil\i summon, esp. to serve in the army.\p\1on call\c\p\B1\b (of a doctor etc.) available if required but not formally on duty.\p\B2\b (of money lent) repayable on demand.\p\1within call\c near enough to be summoned by calling. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iceallian\i from Old Norse \Ikalla\i\c
<hw>calla</hw> \K/"kal\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b (in full \Bcalla lily)\b = \J\Xarum lily\x.\j\p\B2\b an aquatic plant, Calla palustris. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin\c
<hw>call box</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ITelephony\i \Besp. Brit.\b a public telephone box or kiosk.
<hw>call-boy</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ITheatr\i a theatre attendant who summons actors when needed on stage.\p\B2\b \ISex\i a male prostitute who accepts appointments by telephone.\Ksense 2 new f. SOED, incomings Dec 94\k
<hw>caller</hw> \K/"kO:l\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person who pays a visit or makes a telephone call.\p\B2\b a person who calls out numbers in a game, directions in a dance, etc.\Ksense 2 new f. GLC May 94\k\p\B3\b \BAustral.\b \ISport Racing\i a racing commentator.
<hw>call-girl</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ISex\i \ISociol\i a prostitute who accepts appointments by telephone.
<hw>calligraphy</hw> \K/k\F'\n"lIgr\F'\nfi/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICalligraphy\i\p\B1\b handwriting, esp. when fine or pleasing.\p\B2\b the art of handwriting. \Bcalligrapher\b\p\In.\i\p\Bcalligraphic\b \K/-"grafIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Bcalligraphist\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ikalligraphia\i from \Ikallos\i 'beauty' + \Igraphia\i 'writing'\c
<hw>calling</hw> \K/"kO:lIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a profession or occupation.\p\B2\b an inwardly felt call or summons; a vocation.
<hw>calliope</hw> \K/k\F'\n"lVI\F'\npi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMus\i an American keyboard instrument resembling an organ, with a set of steam whistles producing musical notes. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \IKalliope,\i the name of the Muse of epic poetry (literally 'beautiful-voiced')\c
<hw>calliper</hw> \K/"kalIp\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i (also \Bcaliper)\b\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \ISurveying Naut\i compasses with bowed legs for measuring the diameter of convex bodies, or with out-turned points for measuring internal dimensions.\p\B2\b (in full \Bcalliper splint)\b \IMed\i a metal splint to support the leg. \Iv.tr.\i measure with callipers. \BEtymology:\b \3apparently variant of \J\Xcalibre\x\j\c
<hw>callisthenics</hw> \K/kalIs"TEnIks/\k \In.pl.\i \B(US\b \Bcalisthenics)\b \ISport\i gymnastic exercises to achieve bodily fitness and grace of movement. \Bcallisthenic\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ikallos\i 'beauty' + \Isthenos\i 'strength'\c
<hw>callop</hw> \K/"kal\F'\np/\k\p\In.\i\p\BAustral.\b \IZool\i a gold-coloured freshwater fish, Plectroplites ambiguus, used as food. \IAlso called\i \J\Xgolden perch\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3perhaps Aboriginal (S. Australia)\c
<hw>callosity</hw> \K/k\F'\n"lQsIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IMed\i a hard thick area of skin usu. occurring in parts of the body subject to pressure or friction. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IcallositΘ\i or Latin \Icallositas,\i from \Icallosus\i (as \J\Xcallus\x)\j\c
<hw>callous</hw> \K/"kal\F'\ns/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b unfeeling, insensitive.\p\B2\b \IMed\i (of skin) hardened or hard.\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i = \J\Xcallus\x 1.\j \Bcalloused\b \Iadj.\i\K-ed new in COD9 f. POD Aug 93\k \Bcallously\b \Iadv.\i (in sense 1 of \Iadj.).\i \Bcallousness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Icallosus\i (as \J\Xcallus\x)\j or French \Icalleux\i\c
<hw>call-out</hw>\p\In.\i\pan instance of being called out, esp. in order to rescue, do repairs, etc. \I(often \Battrib.:\b\i \2call-out charge).\c\Knew f. corpus Sep 93\k
<hw>call-over</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b\p\B1\b \IMil\i a roll-call.\p\B2\b \IGambling\i reading aloud of a list of betting prices.
<hw>callow</hw> \K/"kal\F'\nU/\k \Iadj.\i inexperienced, immature. \Bcallowly\b \Iadv.\i \Bcallowness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Icalu\i 'bald' (the earliest sense, hence 'unfledged, immature')\c
<hw>call sign</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcall signal)\b \IBroadcasting\i a broadcast signal identifying the radio transmitter used.
<hw>calluna</hw> \K/k\F'\n"lu:n\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i the common heather, Calluna vulgaris, native to Europe and N. Africa. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from Greek \Ikalluno\i beautify from \Ikallos\i 'beauty'\c
<hw>call-up</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i the act or process of calling up \I(see\i \Icall up\i 3).
<hw>callus</hw> \K/"kal\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMed\i a hard thick area of skin or tissue.\p\B2\b \IMed\i a hard tissue formed round bone ends after a fracture.\p\B3\b \IBot.\i a new protective tissue formed over a wound. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icallum,\i \Icallus\i 'hardened skin'\c
<hw>calm</hw> \K/kA:m/\k \Iadj., n., & v.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b tranquil, quiet, windless \3(a calm sea;\c \2a calm night).\c\p\B2\b (of a person or disposition) settled; not agitated \3(remained calm throughout the ordeal).\c\p\B3\b self-assured, confident \3(his calm assumption that we would wait).\c\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a state of being calm; stillness, serenity.\p\B2\b \Ba\b a period without wind or storm. \Bb\b \IMeteorol.\i absence of wind, force 0 on the Beaufort scale.\p\B3\b \INaut\i \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i an area, esp. of the sea, with predominantly calm weather.\Ksenses 2b, 3 new f. OERD Apr 94\k \Iv.tr. & intr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bdown)\b\i make or become calm. \Bcalmly\b \Iadv.\i \Bcalmness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, ultimately via Late Latin \Icauma\i from Greek \Ikauma\i 'heat' (of the day)\c
<hw>calmative</hw> \K/"kA:m\F'\ntIv/, /"kal-/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IMed.\i \Iadj.\i tending to calm or sedate.\p\In.\i\pa calmative drug etc.
<hw>calomel</hw> \K/"kal\F'\nmEl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPharm\i mercury chloride, Hg2Cl2, a white powder formerly used as a purgative. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin, perhaps from Greek \Ikalos\i 'beautiful' + \Imelas\i 'black', perhaps because originally obtained from a black mixture of mercury and mercuric chloride\c
<hw>Calor gas</hw> \K/"kal\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IChem\i \Ipropr.\i liquefied butane gas stored under pressure in containers for domestic use and used as a substitute for mains gas. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icalor\i 'heat'\c
<hw>caloric</hw> \K/k\F'\n"lQrIk/, /"kal\F'\nrIk/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IPhysics\i \Iadj.\i of heat or calories.\p\In.\i\p\Ihist.\i a supposed material form or cause of heat. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icalorique\i from Latin \Icalor\i 'heat'\c
<hw>calorie</hw> \K/"kal\F'\nri/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcalory)\b \I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IPhysics\i a unit of heat energy:\p\B1\b (in full \Bsmall calorie)\b the energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water through 1 ░C (now usu. defined as 4.1868 joules) (abbr.: \Bcal).\b\Kabbr\k\p\B2\b (in full \Blarge calorie)\b the energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of water through 1 ░C, often used to measure the energy value of foods; \I(also called\i \Ikilocalorie)\i (abbr.: \BCal).\b\Kabbr\k \BEtymology:\b \3French, an arbitrary formation from Latin \Icalor\i 'heat' + \I-ie\i\c
<hw>calorific value</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ISci\i the amount of heat produced by a specified quantity of fuel, food, etc.
<hw>calorimeter</hw> \K/kal\F'\n"rImIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i any of various instruments for measuring quantity of heat, esp. to find calorific values. \Bcalorimetric\b \K/-"mEtrIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Bcalorimetry\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icalor\i 'heat' + \J\X-meter\x\j\c
<hw>calque</hw> \K/kalk/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhilol.\i = \J\Xloan-translation\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3French, = copy, tracing, from \Icalquer\i 'trace', ultimately from Latin \Icalcare\i 'tread'\c
<hw>caltrop</hw> \K/"kaltr\F'\np/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcaltrap)\b\p\B1\b \IMil\i \Ihist.\i a four-spiked iron ball thrown on the ground to impede cavalry horses.\p\B2\b \IHeraldry\i a representation of this.\p\B3\b \IBot\i any creeping plant of the genus \ITribulus,\i with woody carpels usu. having hard spines. \BEtymology:\b \3(sense 3) Old English \Icalcatrippe\i from medieval Latin \Icalcatrippa:\i (senses 1-2) Middle English from Old French \Ichauchetrape\i from \Ichauchier\i 'tread', \Itrappe\i 'trap': ultimately the same word, perhaps from Latin \Icalx\i 'heel' + a base meaning 'trap' (cf. \J\Xtrap\x (1))\j\c
<hw>calumet</hw> \K/"kaljUmEt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnthropol\i a N. American Indian peace pipe. \BEtymology:\b \3French, ultimately from Latin \Icalamus\i 'reed' (referring to the pipe's reed stem)\c
<hw>calvados</hw> \K/"kalv\F'\ndQs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IDrink\i an apple brandy. \BEtymology:\b \3name of a department of Normandy, France, where it is made.\c
<hw>Calvary</hw> \K/"kalv(\F'\n)ri/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i the place where Christ was crucified. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Late Latin \Icalvaria\i 'skull', translation of Greek \Igolgotha,\i Aramaic \Ig√lg√ltΓ\i (Matthew 27:33)\c
<hw>calve</hw> \K/kA:v/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \IAgriculture\i \Ba\b \Iintr.\i give birth to a calf. \Bb\b \Itr.\i \I(esp. in \Bpassive)\b\i give birth to (a calf).\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \I(also \Babsol.)\b\i \IGeol\i (of an iceberg) break off or shed (a mass of ice). \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Icalfian\i\c
<hw>Calvinism</hw> \K/"kalvInIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i the theology of the French theologian J. Calvin (d. 1564) or his followers, in which predestination and justification by faith are important elements. \BCalvinist\b\p\In.\i\p\BCalvinistic\b \K/-"nIstIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BCalvinistical\b \K/-"nIstIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icalvinisme\i or modern Latin \Icalvinismus\i\c
<hw>calx</hw> \K/kalks/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bcalces\b \K/"kalsi:z/\k) \IChem\i\p\B1\b a powdery metallic oxide formed when an ore or mineral has been heated.\p\B2\b calcium oxide. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icalx calcis\i 'lime', probably from Greek \Ikhalix\i 'pebble, limestone'\c
<hw>calypso</hw> \K/k\F'\n"lIps\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b \IMus\i\p\B1\b a kind of West Indian music in syncopated African rhythm, usu. improvised on a topical theme.\Ksense 1 new f. OERD May 94\k\p\B2\b a song in this style. \BEtymology:\b \320th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>calyx</hw> \K/"kalIks/, /"keI-/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcalix)\b \I(pl.\i \Bcalyces\b \K/-lIsi:z/\k or \Bcalyxes)\b\p\B1\b \IBot.\i the sepals collectively, forming the protective layer of a flower in bud.\p\B2\b \IBiol.\i any cuplike cavity or structure. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, from Greek \Ikalux\i 'case of bud, husk', from the base of \Ikaluptein\i 'to hide'\c
\B\Icalzone\b\i \K/kal"ts\F'\nUni/, Italian /kal"tso:nE/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B\Icalzoni\b\i or \B\Icalzones)\b\i \ICookery\i a type of pizza that is folded to contain a filling.\Knew in COD9 f. OERD Mar 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Italian dialect, probably related to \Icalzone\i 'trouser leg'\c
<hw>cam</hw> \K/kam/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMech\i a projection on a rotating part in machinery, shaped to impart reciprocal or variable motion to the part in contact with it. \BEtymology:\b \3Dutch \Ikam\i 'comb', as in \Ikamrad\i 'cogwheel'\c
<hw>camaraderie</hw> \K/kam\F'\n"rA:d(\F'\n)ri/, /-ri:/\k\p\In.\i\pmutual trust and sociability among friends. \BEtymology:\b \3French, from \Icamarade\i \J\Xcomrade\x\j\c
<hw>camarilla</hw> \K/kam\F'\n"rIl\F'\n/, /-lj\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pa cabal or clique. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish, diminutive of \Icamara\i 'chamber'\c
<hw>camber</hw> \K/"kamb\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the slightly convex or arched shape of the surface of a road, ship's deck, aircraft wing, etc.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b \IMotoring\i = \J\Xbank\x (1)\p\In.\i\p4a.\j\Ksense 2 new f. CED, corresp. April 94\k\p\B3\b the slight sideways inclination of the front wheel of a motor vehicle.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i (of a surface) have a camber.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i give a camber to; build with a camber. \BEtymology:\b \3Old French \Icambre\i 'arched' from Latin \Icamurus\i 'curved inwards'\c
<hw>Camberwell Beauty</hw> \K/"kamb\F'\nwEl "bju:ti/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IZool\i a butterfly, Nymphalis antiopa, with deep purple yellow-bordered wings. \BEtymology:\b \3named after \ICamberwell\i in London\c
<hw>cambium</hw> \K/"kambI\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bcambia\b \K/-bI\F'\n/\k or \Bcambiums)\b \IBot.\i \IAnat\i a cellular plant tissue responsible for the increase in girth of stems and roots. \Bcambial\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin, = change, exchange\c
<hw>Cambodian</hw> \K/kam"b\F'\nUdI\F'\nn/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPeople\i \Ba\b a native or national of Cambodia (Kampuchea) in SE Asia. \Bb\b a person of Cambodian descent.\p\B2\b \ILanguage\i the language of Cambodia. \Iadj.\i of or relating to Cambodia or its people or language. \ISee also\i \J\XKampuchean\x.\j
<hw>Cambrian</hw> \K/"kambrI\F'\nn/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b Welsh.\p\B2\b \IGeol.\i of or relating to the first period in the Palaeozoic era, marked by the occurrence of many forms of invertebrate life (including trilobites and brachiopods). Cf. Appendix X.\p\In.\i\pthis period or system. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \ICambria,\i variant of \ICumbria,\i from Welsh \ICymry\i 'Welshman' or \ICymru\i 'Wales'\c
<hw>cambric</hw> \K/"kambrIk/, /"keIm-/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITextiles\i a fine white linen or cotton fabric. \BEtymology:\b \3\IKamerijk,\i Flemish form of \ICambrai\i in N. France, where it was originally made\c
<hw>Cambridge blue</hw> \K/"keImbrIdZ/\k \In. & adj.\i \BBrit.\b\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a pale blue.\p\B2\b \ISport\i = \J\Xblue\x (1)\p\In.\i\p3a.\j\Ksense 2 new Aug 93\k \Iadj.\i \I(hyphenated when \Battrib.)\b\i of this colour. \BEtymology:\b \3adopted by \ICambridge\i University in S. England\c
<hw>camcorder</hw> \K/"kamkO:d\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhotog\i a combined video camera and video recorder. \BEtymology:\b \3\Icam\iera + re\Icorder\i\c
<hw>came</hw> \I\Ipast\i of\i \J\Xcome\x.\j
<hw>camel</hw> \K/"kam(\F'\n)l/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool\i a large cud-chewing mammal, domesticated in parts of Africa and Asia, with slender legs, broad cushioned feet, and either one or two fatty humps on the back. \ISee also\i \J\XArabian camel\x,\j \J\XBactrian camel\x.\j\p\B2\b a yellowish-fawn colour.\p\B3\b \INaut\i an apparatus for providing additional buoyancy to ships etc. \Iadj.\i yellowish fawn.\Kadj. new f. corpus Oct 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Old English via Latin \Icamelus\i from Greek \Ikamelos,\i of Semitic origin\c
<hw>camel-hair</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcamel's-hair)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b the hair of a camel. \Bb\b \ITextiles\i a fabric made of this \I(often \Battrib.:\b\i \2camel-hair coat).\c\p\B2\b \IArt\i a fine soft hair used in artists' brushes.
<hw>camellia</hw> \K/k\F'\n"mi:lI\F'\n/, /-"mElI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i any evergreen shrub of the genus \ICamellia,\i native to E. Asia, with shiny leaves and showy flowers. \BEtymology:\b \3named after J. \ICamellus\i or \IKamel,\i 17th-c. Jesuit botanist\c
<hw>camelopard</hw> \K/"kamIl\F'\n(U)pA:d/, /k\F'\n"mEl\F'\npA:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i \Iarchaic\i a giraffe. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icamelopardus\i from Greek \Ikamelopardalis\i (as \J\Xcamel\x,\j \J\Xpard\x)\j\c
<hw>camelry</hw> \K/"kam(\F'\n)lri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IMil\i troops mounted on camels.
<hw>Camembert</hw> \K/"kama~bE:/, /"kam\F'\nmbE:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFood\i a kind of rich soft creamy cheese. \BEtymology:\b \3\ICamembert\i in N. France, where it was originally made\c
<hw>cameo</hw> \K/"kamI\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b a small piece of onyx or other hard stone carved in relief with a background of a different colour. \Bb\b a similar relief design using other materials.\p\B2\b \Ba\b a short descriptive literary sketch or acted scene. \Bb\b \ICinematog Theatr\i a small character part in a play or film, usu. brief and played by a distinguished actor. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Icamahieu\i and medieval Latin \Icammaeus\i\c
<hw>camera</hw> \K/"kam(\F'\n)r\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPhotog\i an apparatus for taking photographs, consisting of a lightproof box to hold light-sensitive film, a lens, and a shutter mechanism, either for still photographs or for motion-picture film.\p\B2\b \ITelev.\i a piece of equipment which forms an optical image and converts it into electrical impulses for transmission or storage.\p\1in camera\c\p\B1\b \ILaw\i in a judge's private room.\p\B2\b privately; not in public.\p\1on camera\c \ITelev. etc.\i (esp. of an actor) being filmed or televised at a particular moment. \BEtymology:\b \3originally = chamber: from Latin \Icamera\i 'vault, arched chamber' from Greek \Ikamara\i\c
<hw>camera lucida</hw> \K/%kam(\F'\n)r\F'\n "lu:sId\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bcamera lucidas)\b an apparatus, now often attached to a microscope, by which an image is reflected on to a screen by a prism as an aid to drawing. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = bright chamber\c\Knew from OERD Oct 93\k
<hw>cameraman</hw> \K/"kamr\F'\nm\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-men)\b \ITelev. etc.\i a person who operates a camera professionally, esp. in film-making or television.
<hw>camera obscura</hw> \K/%kam(\F'\n)r\F'\n Qbs"kjU\F'\nr\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bcamera obscuras)\b a darkened box or room with a lens or aperture for projecting the image of an external object on to a screen inside. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = dark chamber\c
<hw>camera-ready</hw> \Iadj.\i \IPrinting\i (of copy) in a form suitable for immediate photographic reproduction.
<hw>camerawork</hw> \K/"kamr\F'\nw\F'\n:k/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICinematog.\i the technique of using cameras in films or television.\Knew f. corpus, SOED Sep 93\k
<hw>camiknickers</hw> \K/"kamInIk\F'\nz/\k \In.pl.\i \BBrit.\b \IClothing\i a one-piece undergarment worn by women. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xcamisole\x\j + \J\Xknickers\x\j\c
<hw>camisole</hw> \K/"kamIs\F'\nUl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IClothing\i a woman's under-bodice, usu. embroidered. \BEtymology:\b \3French from Italian \Icamiciola\i or Spanish \Icamisola:\i see \J\Xchemise\x\j\c
<hw>camomile</hw> \K/"kam\F'\nmVIl/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bchamomile)\b \IBot\i any of several aromatic plants of the daisy family with white and yellow daisy-like flowers, esp. Chamaemelum nobile. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icamomille\i and Late Latin \Icamomilla\i or \Ichamomilla\i from Greek \Ikhamaimelon\i 'earth-apple' (from the apple-smell of its flowers)\c
<hw>camomile tea</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IDrink\i an infusion of dried camomile flowers.
<hw>camouflage</hw> \K/"kam\F'\nflA:Z/, /-mUf-/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMil\i \Ba\b the disguising of military vehicles, aircraft, ships, artillery, and installations by painting them or covering them to make them blend with their surroundings. \Bb\b such a disguise.\p\B2\b \IZool\i the natural colouring of an animal which enables it to blend in with its surroundings.\p\B3\b a misleading or evasive precaution or expedient. \Iv.tr.\i hide or disguise by means of camouflage. \BEtymology:\b \3French from \Icamoufler\i 'disguise', from Italian \Icamuffare\i 'disguise, deceive'\c
<hw>camp (1)</hw> \K/kamp/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMil\i \Ba\b a place where troops are lodged or trained. \Bb\b the military life \3(court and camp).\c\p\B2\b temporary overnight lodging in tents etc. in the open.\p\B3\b \Ba\b temporary accommodation of various kinds, usu. consisting of huts or tents, for detainees, homeless persons, and other emergency use. \Bb\b a complex of buildings for holiday accommodation, usu. with extensive recreational facilities.\p\B4\b \IArchaeol\i an ancient fortified site or its remains.\p\B5\b the adherents of a particular party or doctrine regarded collectively \3(the Labour camp was jubilant).\c\p\B6\b \BS.Afr.\b a portion of veld fenced off for pasture on farms.\p\B7\b \BAustral.\b & \BNZ\b an assembly place of sheep or cattle. \Iv.intr.\i\p\B1\b set up or spend time in a camp (in senses 1a and 2 of \In.).\i\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Bout)\b\i lodge in temporary quarters or in the open.\p\B3\b \BAustral.\b & \BNZ\b \IAgriculture\i (of sheep or cattle) flock together esp. for rest. \Bcamping\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French via Italian \Icampo\i from Latin \Icampus\i 'level ground'\c
<hw>camp (2)</hw> \K/kamp/\k \Iadj., n., & v.\i \Icolloq.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b affected, effeminate.\p\B2\b homosexual.\p\B3\b done in an exaggerated way for effect.\p\In.\i\pa camp manner or style. \Iv.intr. & tr.\i behave or do in a camp way.\p\1camp it up\c overact; behave affectedly. \Bcampy\b \Iadj.\i \B(campier,\b \Bcampiest).\b \Bcampily\b \Iadv.\i \Bcampiness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \320th c.: origin uncertain\c
<hw>campaign</hw> \K/kam"peIn/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an organized course of action for a particular purpose, esp. to arouse public interest (e.g. before a political election).\p\B2\b \IMil\i \Ba\b a series of military operations in a definite area or to achieve a particular objective. \Bb\b military service in the field \3(on campaign).\c \Iv.intr.\i conduct or take part in a campaign. \Bcampaigner\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Icampagne\i 'open country' via Italian \Icampagna\i from Late Latin \Icampania\i\c
<hw>campanile</hw> \K/kamp\F'\n"ni:li/\k\p\In.\i\p\IArchit\i a bell tower (usu. free-standing), esp. in Italy. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian from \Icampana\i 'bell'\c
<hw>campanology</hw> \K/kamp\F'\n"nQl\F'\ndZi/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the study of bells.\p\B2\b the art or practice of bell-ringing. \Bcampanological\b \K/-n\F'\n"lQdZIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Bcampanologist\b\p\In.\i\p\Kcampanologer omitted Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \Icampanologia\i from Late Latin \Icampana\i 'bell'\c
<hw>campanula</hw> \K/kam"panjUl\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i any plant of the genus \ICampanula,\i with bell-shaped usu. blue, purple, or white flowers. \IAlso called\i \Ibellflower.\i \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin, diminutive of Latin \Icampana\i 'bell'\c
<hw>camp bed</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b a folding portable bed of a kind used in camping.
<hw>Campeachy wood</hw> \K/kam"pi:tSi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i = \J\Xlogwood\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3\ICampeche\i in Mexico, from where it was first exported\c
<hw>camper</hw> \K/"kamp\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person who camps out or lives temporarily in a tent, hut, etc., esp. on holiday.\p\B2\b \ITransport\i a large motor vehicle with accommodation for camping out.
<hw>campfire</hw> \K/"kampfVI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pan open-air fire in a camp etc.
<hw>camp follower</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMil\i a civilian worker in a military camp.\p\B2\b a disciple or adherent.
<hw>campground</hw> \K/"kampgr\F'\nUnd/\k\p\In.\i\p= \J\Xcampsite\x.\j\Knew f. corpus, incomings Sep 93\k
<hw>camphor</hw> \K/"kamf\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i a white translucent crystalline volatile substance with aromatic smell and bitter taste, used to make celluloid and in medicine. \Bcamphoric\b \K/-"fQrIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icamphore\i or medieval Latin \Icamphora\i from Arabic \Ikafur,\i from Sanskrit \Ikarpuram\i\c
<hw>camphorate</hw> \K/"kamf\F'\nreIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i \IChem\i impregnate or treat with camphor.
<hw>campion</hw> \K/"kampI\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b any plant of the genus \ISilene\i (pink family), with usu. pink or white notched flowers.\p\B2\b a similar cultivated plant of the genus \ILychnis.\i \BEtymology:\b \3perhaps from obsolete \Icampion\i from Old French, = \J\Xchampion\x:\j translation of Greek \Ilukhnis stephanomatike,\i a plant used for (champions') garlands\c
<hw>campsite</hw> \K/"kampsVIt/\k\p\In.\i\pa place for camping.
<hw>campus</hw> \K/"kamp\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bcampuses)\b\p\B1\b \IEducation\i the grounds and buildings of a university or college.\p\B2\b university or college life. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = field\c
<hw>campylobacter</hw> \K/"kampIl\F'\nU%bakt\F'\n/, /%kampIl\F'\nU"bakt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiol\i a curved or spiral bacterium of the genus \ICampylobacter,\i esp. as a cause of food poisoning. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin, from Greek \Ikampulos\i 'bent' + \J\Xbacterium\x\j\c\Knew from NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k
<hw>CAMRA</hw> \K/"kamr\F'\n/\k \Iabbr.\i \BBrit.\b \IDrink\i Campaign for Real Ale.
<hw>camshaft</hw> \K/"kamSA:ft/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMech\i a shaft with one or more cams attached to it.
<hw>camwood</hw> \K/"kamwUd/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a red African wood, formerly that of the tree Baphia nitida, now usu. of the African padouk, Pterocarpus soyauxii. \BEtymology:\b \3perhaps from a West African word\c
<hw>can (1)</hw> \K/kan/\k \Iv.aux.\i \I(3rd sing. present\i \Bcan;\b \Ipast\i \Bcould\b \K/kUd/\k) \I(foll. by infin. without \Bto,\b or \Babsol.;\b\i \Ipresent and past only in use)\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b be able to; know how to \3(I can run fast; can he?;\c \2can you speak German?).\c \Bb\b be potentially capable of \3(you can do it if you try).\c \Bc\b \I(in past)\i \Icolloq.\i feel inclined to \3(I could murder him).\c\K1c new in COD9 f. POD Aug 93\k\p\B2\b be permitted to \3(can we go to the party?).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Icunnan\i 'know'\c
<hw>can (2)</hw> \K/kan/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a vessel for holding liquids.\p\B2\b a tin container in which food or drink is hermetically sealed to enable storage over long periods.\p\B3\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \BBrit.\b \Islang\i headphones.\Ksense 3 new in COD9 f. POD Aug 93\k\p\B4\b \I(prec. by \Bthe)\b\i \Islang\i \Ba\b prison \3(sent to the can).\c \Bb\b \BN. Amer.\b lavatory. \Iv.tr.\i \B(canned,\b \Bcanning)\b\p\B1\b put or preserve in a can.\p\B2\b record on film or tape for future use.\p\B3\b \BN. Amer.\b \Icolloq.\i remove; dismiss \3(he was canned from his job).\c\Ksense 3 new f. Kpb, Inc., Sept 94\k\p\1in the can\c \Icolloq.\i completed, ready (originally of filmed or recorded material). \Bcanner\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Icanne\i\c
<hw>Canaan</hw> \K/"keIn\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i\p\B1\b a promised land (originally that west of the River Jordan, the Promised Land of the Israelites).\p\B2\b heaven. \BEtymology:\b \3ecclesiastical Latin via ecclesiastical Greek \IKhanaan\i from Hebrew \Ikena'an\i\c
<hw>Canaanite</hw> \K/"keIn\F'\nnVIt/\k \In. & adj.\i \IBibl.\i \Ihist.\i\p\In.\i\p\IPeople\i a native or inhabitant of Canaan. \Iadj.\i of or relating to Canaan, its people, or its culture.\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED Mar 94\k
<hw>Canada balsam</hw> \K/"kan\F'\nd\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiol.\i a yellow resin obtained from the balsam fir and used for mounting preparations on microscope slides (its refractive index being similar to that of glass).
<hw>Canada goose</hw> \K/"kan\F'\nd\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a wild goose, Branta canadensis, with brownish-grey plumage and white cheeks and breast, native to N. America.
<hw>Canadian</hw> \K/k\F'\n"neIdI\F'\nn/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\IPeople\i\p\B1\b a native or national of Canada.\p\B2\b a person of Canadian descent. \Iadj.\i of or relating to Canada.\Knew f. OERD etc. Feb 94\k
<hw>Canadian French</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ILanguage\i the French language as used by French Canadians.\Knew f. Inc., AHD, Spet 94\k
<hw>Canadian pondweed</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i an invasive American aquatic plant of the frogbit family, Elodea canadensis, naturalized in Europe and grown in aquaria.\Knew from NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k
\B\Icanaille\b\i \K/k\F'\n"nA:i/, French /kanaj/\k\p\In.\i\pthe rabble; the populace. \BEtymology:\b \3French, from Italian \Icanaglia\i 'pack of dogs' from \Icane\i 'dog'\c
<hw>canal</hw> \K/k\F'\n"nal/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an artificial waterway for inland navigation or irrigation.\p\B2\b \IAnat\i any of various tubular ducts in a plant or animal, for carrying food, liquid, or air.\p\B3\b \IAstron.\i any of a number of spurious linear markings formerly reported as seen by telescope on the planet Mars but now thought to have arisen from eye or lens defects. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French (earlier \Ichanel)\i from Latin \Icanalis\i or (in sense 3 directly) from Italian \Icanale\i 'channel'\c
<hw>canal boat</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ITransport Naut\i a long narrow boat for use on canals.
<hw>canalize</hw> \K/"kan(\F'\n)lVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b\p\B1\b make a canal through.\p\B2\b \IEngin\i convert (a river) into a canal.\p\B3\b provide with canals.\p\B4\b give the desired direction or purpose to. \Bcanalization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Icanaliser:\i see \J\Xcanal\x\j\c
<hw>canapΘ</hw> \K/"kan\F'\npeI/, /-pi/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ICookery\i a small piece of bread or pastry with a savoury on top, often served as an hors d'oeuvre.\p\B2\b \IFurniture\i a sofa. \BEtymology:\b \3French\c
<hw>canard</hw> \K/k\F'\n"nA:d/, /"kanA:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an unfounded rumour or story.\p\B2\b \IAeron\i an extra surface attached to an aeroplane forward of the main lifting surface, for extra stability or control. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = duck, hoax, from Old French \Icaner\i 'to quack'\c
<hw>Canarese</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\XKanarese\x.\j
<hw>canary</hw> \K/k\F'\n"nE:ri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \IZool\i any of various small finches of the genus \ISerinus,\i esp. S. canaria, a songbird native to the Canary Islands, with mainly yellow plumage, often kept as a cage bird.\p\B2\b \IDrink\i \Ihist.\i a sweet wine from the Canary Islands. \BEtymology:\b \3Old Spanish \Icanario\i 'of or from the \ICanary\i Islands' off the west coast of Africa\c
<hw>canary-coloured</hw> \Iadj.\i canary yellow in colour.
<hw>canary creeper</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a climbing plant, Tropaeolium peregrinum, having flowers with bright yellow deeply toothed petals which give the appearance of a small bird in flight.
<hw>canary grass</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a tall grass of the genus \IPhalaris,\i esp. P. canariensis of NW Africa and the Canary Islands, grown for birdseed.
<hw>canary yellow</hw> \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\pa bright yellow colour. \Iadj.\i \I(hyphenated when \Battrib.)\b\i of this colour.
<hw>canasta</hw> \K/k\F'\n"nast\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICards\i\p\B1\b a card game using two packs and resembling rummy, the aim being to collect sets (or melds) of cards.\p\B2\b a set of seven cards in this game. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish, = basket\c
<hw>canaster</hw> \K/k\F'\n"nast\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i tobacco made from coarsely broken dried leaves. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish \Icanastro\i 'basket' (used to pack tobacco) from medieval Latin: related to \J\Xcanister\x\j\c
<hw>cancan</hw> \K/"kankan/\k\p\In.\i\p\IDancing\i a lively stage-dance with high kicking, performed by women in long skirts and petticoats. \BEtymology:\b \3French\c
<hw>cancel</hw> \K/"kans(\F'\n)l/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B(cancelled,\b \Bcancelling;\b \BUS\b also \Bcanceled,\b \Bcanceling)\b\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b withdraw or revoke (a previous arrangement). \Bb\b discontinue (an arrangement in progress).\p\B2\b \Itr.\i obliterate or delete (writing etc.).\p\B3\b \Itr.\i mark or pierce (a ticket, stamp, etc.) to invalidate it.\p\B4\b \Itr.\i annul; make void; abolish.\p\B5\b \I(often foll. by \Bout)\b\i \Ba\b \Itr.\i (of one factor or circumstance) neutralize or counterbalance (another). \Bb\b \Iintr.\i (of two factors or circumstances) neutralize each other.\p\B6\b \Itr.\i \IMath.\i strike out (an equal factor) on each side of an equation or from the numerator and denominator of a fraction.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a countermand.\p\B2\b the cancellation of a postage stamp.\p\B3\b \IPrinting\i a new page or section inserted in a book to replace the original text, usu. to correct an error.\p\B4\b \BUS\b \IMus.\i = \J\Xnatural\x\p\In.\i\p3a.\j \Bcanceller\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via French \Icanceller\i from Latin \Icancellare,\i from \Icancelli\i 'lattice'\c
<hw>cancellate</hw> \K/"kans(\F'\n)l\F'\nt/\k \Iadj.\i (also \Bcancellated\b \K/-leItId/\k) \IBiol.\i\p\B1\b marked with crossing lines.\p\B2\b = \J\Xcancellous\x.\j\Ksense 2 new f. OERD May 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icancelli\i 'lattice'\c
<hw>cancellation</hw> \K/kans\F'\n"leIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b also \Bcancelation)\b\p\B1\b the act or an instance of cancelling or being cancelled.\p\B2\b something that has been cancelled, esp. a booking or reservation. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icancellatio\i (as \J\Xcancel\x)\j\c
<hw>cancellous</hw> \K/"kans(\F'\n)l\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i \IAnat\i (of a bone) having pores. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icancelli\i 'lattice'\c
<hw>cancer</hw> \K/"kans\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMed\i \Ba\b any malignant growth or tumour from an abnormal and uncontrolled division of body cells. \Bb\b a disease caused by this.\p\B2\b an evil influence or corruption spreading uncontrollably.\p\B3\b \B(Cancer)\b \Ba\b \IAstron.\i a constellation (the Crab), said to represent a crab crushed under the foot of Hercules. \Bb\b \IAstrol.\i the fourth sign of the zodiac, which the sun enters at the summer solstice (about 21 June). \Bc\b \IAstrol.\i a person born when the sun is in this sign.\p\1tropic of Cancer\c \Isee\i \J\Xtropic\x\p\In.\i\p1.\j \BCancerian\b \K/-"sI\F'\nrI\F'\nn/, /-"sE:rI\F'\nn/\k \In. & adj.\i (in sense 3b, c). \Bcancerous\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin, = crab, cancer: related to Greek \Ikarkinos\i\c
<hw>cancer stick</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Islang\i a cigarette.
<hw>candela</hw> \K/kan"dEl\F'\n/, /-"di:l\F'\n/, /"kandIl\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics Sci\i the SI unit of luminous intensity (abbr.: \Bcd).\b\Kabbr\k \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = candle\c
<hw>candelabrum</hw> \K/kandI"lA:br\F'\nm/, /-"leI-/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcandelabra\b \K/-br\F'\n/\k) \I(pl.\i \Bcandelabra,\b \Bcandelabras;\b \BUS\b also \Bcandelabrums)\b a large branched candlestick or lamp holder. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin from \Icandela\i \J\Xcandle\x\j\c Strictly speaking, \Icandelabra\i is the plural of \Icandelabrum\i and is best kept so in written English. \ICandelabra\i (singular) and \Icandelabras\i (plural) are often found in informal use, while in American English \Icandelabrums\i (plural) is also used.
<hw>candelabrum tree</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a tropical E. African tree, Euphorbia candelabrum, with foliage shaped like a candelabrum.
<hw>candid</hw> \K/"kandId/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b frank; not hiding one's thoughts.\p\B2\b (of a photograph) taken informally, usu. without the subject's knowledge. \Bcandidly\b \Iadv.\i \Bcandidness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3in earlier use 'white', hence 'pure, clear, ingenuous': French \Icandide\i or Latin \Icandidus\i 'white'\c
<hw>candida</hw> \K/"kandId\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiol\i any yeastlike parasitic fungus of the genus \ICandida,\i esp. C. albicans, which causes thrush. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin, fem. of Latin \Icandidus:\i see \J\Xcandid\x\j\c
<hw>candidate</hw> \K/"kandIdeIt/, /-d\F'\nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person who seeks or is nominated for an office, award, etc.\p\B2\b a person or thing likely to gain some distinction or position.\p\B3\b a person entered for an examination. \Bcandidacy\b\p\In.\i\p\Bcandidature\b\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icandidat\i or Latin \Icandidatus\i 'white-robed' (Roman candidates wore white)\c
<hw>candid camera</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhotog\i a small camera for taking informal photographs of people, often without their knowledge.
<hw>candle</hw> \K/"kand(\F'\n)l/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a cylinder or block of wax or tallow with a central wick, for giving light when burning.\p\B2\b \IPhysics\i = \J\Xcandlepower\x.\j \Iv.tr.\i test (an egg) for freshness or fertility by holding it to the light.\p\1cannot hold a candle to\c cannot be compared with; is much inferior to.\p\1not worth the candle\c not justifying the cost or trouble. \Bcandler\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Icandel\i from Latin \Icandela,\i from \Icandere\i 'to shine'\c
<hw>candleholder</hw> \K/"kand(\F'\n)l%h\F'\nUld\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p= \J\Xcandlestick\x.\j\Knew f. corpus, incomings Sep 93\k
<hw>candlelight</hw> \K/"kand(\F'\n)llVIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b light provided by candles.\p\B2\b dusk. \Bcandlelit\b \Iadj.\i
<hw>Candlemas</hw> \K/"kand(\F'\n)lmas/, /-m\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i a Christian feast with blessing of candles (2 Feb.), commemorating the purification of the Virgin Mary and the presentation of Christ in the Temple. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \ICandelmµsse\i (as \J\Xcandle\x,\j \J\XMass\x)\j\c
<hw>candlepower</hw> \K/"kand(\F'\n)lpaU\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i a unit of luminous intensity.
<hw>candlestick</hw> \K/"kand(\F'\n)lstIk/\k\p\In.\i\pa holder for one or more candles.
<hw>candlewick</hw> \K/"kand(\F'\n)lwIk/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITextiles\i\p\B1\b a thick soft cotton yarn.\p\B2\b material made from this, usu. with a tufted pattern.
<hw>can-do</hw> \Iattrib.adj.\i designating a determination or willingness to achieve something \3(the American can-do philosophy).\c\Knew f. corpus, incomings Sep 93\k
<hw>candour</hw> \K/"kand\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Bcandor)\b candid behaviour or action; frankness. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icandeur\i or Latin \Icandor\i 'whiteness': for the development of meaning in English see \J\Xcandid\x\j\c
<hw>C. & W.</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IMus\i country and western.
<hw>candy</hw> \K/"kandi/\k \In. & v.\i \ICookery\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b (in full \Bsugar-candy)\b \BBrit.\b sugar crystallized by repeated boiling and slow evaporation.\p\B2\b \BN. Amer.\b sweets; a sweet. \Iv.tr.\i \B(-ies,\b \B-ied)\b (usu. as \Bcandied\b \Iadj.)\i preserve by coating and impregnating with a sugar syrup \3(candied fruit).\c \BEtymology:\b \3French \Isucre candi\i 'crystallized sugar' from Arabic \Ikand\i 'sugar'\c
<hw>candy apple</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b \IFood\i = \J\Xtoffee apple\x.\j\Knew f. F. Abate, Inc., Sept 94\k
<hw>candyfloss</hw> \K/"kandIflQs/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b a fluffy mass of spun sugar wrapped round a stick.
<hw>candy stripe</hw> \K/"kandIstrVIp/\k\p\In.\i\pa pattern consisting of alternate stripes of white and a colour (usu. pink). \Bcandy-striped\b \Iadj.\i
<hw>candytuft</hw> \K/"kandItVft/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i any of various cruciferous plants of the genus \IIberis,\i native to W. Europe, with white, pink, or purple flowers in tufts. \BEtymology:\b \3\ICandy,\i obsolete form of \ICandia\i 'Crete' + \J\Xtuft\x\j\c
<hw>cane</hw> \K/keIn/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBot\i \Ba\b the hollow jointed stem of giant reeds or grasses \3(bamboo cane).\c \Bb\b the solid stem of slender palms \3(malacca cane).\c\p\B2\b \IAgriculture\i = \J\Xsugar cane\x.\j\p\B3\b a raspberry cane.\p\B4\b material of cane used for wickerwork etc.\p\B5\b \Ba\b a cane used as a walking stick or a support for a plant or an instrument of punishment. \Bb\b any slender walking stick. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b beat with a cane.\p\B2\b weave cane into (a chair etc.). \Bcaner\b\p\In.\i\p(in sense 2 of \Iv.).\i \Bcaning\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French and Latin \Icanna\i from Greek \Ikanna\i\c
<hw>cane-brake</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b \IGeog\i a tract of land overgrown with canes.
<hw>cane chair</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IFurniture\i a chair with a seat made of woven cane strips.
<hw>cane sugar</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IFood\i sugar obtained from sugar cane.
<hw>cane toad</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a large brown toad, Bufo marinus, native to tropical America and introduced elsewhere originally for pest control.\Knew from NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k
<hw>canine</hw> \K/"keInVIn/, /"ka-/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i \IZool\i\p\B1\b of a dog or dogs.\p\B2\b of or belonging to the family Canidae, including dogs, wolves, foxes, etc.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a dog.\p\B2\b (in full \Bcanine tooth)\b \IAnat Dentistry\i a pointed tooth between the incisors and premolars. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from French \Icanin(e)\i or from Latin \Icaninus,\i from \Icanis\i 'dog'\c
<hw>canister</hw> \K/"kanIst\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a small container, usu. of metal and cylindrical, for storing tea etc.\p\B2\b \Ba\b a cylinder of shot, tear gas, etc., that explodes on impact. \Bb\b such cylinders collectively. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icanistrum\i from Greek \Ikanastron\i 'wicker basket', from \Ikanna\i \J\Xcane\x\j\c
<hw>canker</hw> \K/"kaNk\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBot\i \Ba\b a destructive fungal disease of trees and plants. \Bb\b an open wound in the stem of a tree or plant.\p\B2\b \IZool.\i an ulcerous ear disease of animals, esp. cats and dogs.\p\B3\b \IMed.\i an ulceration esp. of the lips.\p\B4\b a corrupting influence. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b consume with canker.\p\B2\b corrupt.\p\B3\b (as \Bcankered\b \Iadj.)\i soured, malignant, crabbed. \Bcankerous\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old Northern French \Icancre,\i Old French \Ichancre\i from Latin \Icancer\i 'crab'\c
<hw>cankerworm</hw> \K/"kaNk\F'\nw\F'\n:m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i any caterpillar of various wingless moths which consume the buds and leaves of shade and fruit trees in N. America.
<hw>canna</hw> \K/"kan\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i any tropical plant of the genus \ICanna\i with bright flowers and ornamental leaves. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin: see \J\Xcane\x\j\c
<hw>cannabinol</hw> \K/"kan\F'\nbInQl/, /k\F'\n"nab-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i a crystalline phenol whose derivatives, esp. THC, are the active principles of cannabis.\Knew f. OERD, NSOED May 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xcannabis\x\j + \J\X-ol\x (1)\j\c
<hw>cannabis</hw> \K/"kan\F'\nbIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b a hemp plant of the genus \ICannabis,\i esp. Indian hemp.\p\B2\b a preparation of parts of this used as an intoxicant or hallucinogen. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin from Greek\c
<hw>cannabis resin</hw>\p\In.\i\pa sticky product containing the active principles of cannabis, esp. from the flowering tops of the female cannabis plant.
<hw>canned</hw> \K/kand/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b pre-recorded \3(canned laughter;\c \2canned music).\c\p\B2\b supplied in a can \3(canned beer).\c\p\B3\b \Islang\i drunk.
<hw>cannel</hw> \K/"kan(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p(in full \Bcannel coal)\b \IChem\i a bituminous coal burning with a bright flame. \BEtymology:\b \316th c.: originally northern English\c
<hw>cannelloni</hw> \K/kan\F'\n"l\F'\nUni/\k \In.pl.\i \ICookery\i tubes or rolls of pasta stuffed with a meat or vegetable mixture. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian from \Icannello\i 'stalk'\c
<hw>cannelure</hw> \K/"kan(\F'\n)ljU\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i the groove round a bullet etc. \BEtymology:\b \3French from \Icanneler,\i from \Icanne\i 'reed, \J\Xcane\x\j'\c
<hw>cannery</hw> \K/"kan\F'\nri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IFood\i a factory where food is canned.
<hw>cannibal</hw> \K/"kanIb(\F'\n)l/\k \In. & adj.\i \IBiol\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person who eats human flesh.\p\B2\b an animal that feeds on flesh of its own species. \Iadj.\i of or like a cannibal. \Bcannibalism\b\p\In.\i\p\Bcannibalistic\b \K/-b\F'\n"lIstIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Bcannibalistically\b \K/-b\F'\n"lIstIk(\F'\n)li/\k \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3originally pl. \ICanibales\i from Spanish: variant of \ICaribes,\i the name of a West Indian nation\c
<hw>cannibalize</hw> \K/"kanIb(\F'\n)lVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b \IMech\i use (a machine etc.) as a source of spare parts for others. \Bcannibalization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>cannon</hw> \K/"kan\F'\nn/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \I(pl.\i usu. same) \IMil\i \Ihist.\i a large heavy gun installed on a carriage or mounting.\p\B2\b \IAeron Mil\i an automatic aircraft gun firing shells.\p\B3\b \BBrit.\b \IBilliards\i the hitting of two balls successively by the cue ball.\p\B4\b \IMech.\i a hollow cylinder moving independently on a shaft.\p\B5\b (in full \Bcannon bit)\b a smooth round bit for a horse. \Iv.intr.\i \BBrit.\b\p\B1\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bagainst,\b \Binto)\b\i collide heavily or obliquely.\p\B2\b \IBilliards\i make a cannon shot. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icanon\i via Italian \Icannone\i 'large tube' from \Icanna\i \J\Xcane\x:\j in Billiards sense from older \J\Xcarom\x\j\c
<hw>cannonade</hw> \K/kan\F'\n"neId/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i a period of continuous heavy gunfire. \Iv.tr.\i bombard with a cannonade. \BEtymology:\b \3French from Italian \Icannonata\i\c
<hw>cannon ball</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i \Ihist.\i a large usu. metal ball fired by a cannon.
<hw>cannon-bone</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAnat\i the tubular bone between the hock and fetlock of a horse.
<hw>cannon fodder</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i \ISociol\i soldiers regarded merely as material to be expended in war.
<hw>cannot</hw> \K/"kanQt/, /ka"nQt/\k \Iv.aux.\i can not.
<hw>cannula</hw> \K/"kanjUl\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bcannulae\b \K/-li:/, /-lVI/\k or \Bcannulas)\b \ISurgery\i a small tube for inserting into the body to allow fluid to enter or escape. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, diminutive of \Icanna\i 'cane'\c
<hw>cannulate</hw> \K/"kanjUleIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i \ISurgery\i introduce a cannula into.
<hw>canoe</hw> \K/k\F'\n"nu:/\k \In. & v.\i \INaut\i\p\In.\i\pa small narrow boat with pointed ends usu. propelled by paddling. \Iv.intr.\i \B(canoes,\b \Bcanoed,\b \Bcanoeing)\b travel in a canoe. \Bcanoeist\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Spanish \Icanoa\i via Arawak from Carib \Icanaoua\i\c
<hw>can of worms</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Icolloq.\i a complicated matter, likely to prove problematic or scandalous.
<hw>canon</hw> \K/"kan\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a general law, rule, principle, or criterion. \Bb\b \IEccl\i a Church decree or law.\p\B2\b \IEccl\i \Ba\b a member of a cathedral chapter. \Bb\b \I(fem.\i \Bcanoness\b \K/-nIs/\k) a member of certain RC orders.\p\B3\b \Ba\b a collection or list of literary works, esp. of sacred books etc. accepted as genuine. \Bb\b the recognized genuine works of a particular author; a list of these.\p\B4\b \IEccl\i the part of the Roman Catholic Mass containing the words of consecration.\p\B5\b \IMus.\i a piece with different parts taking up the same theme successively, either at the same or at a different pitch. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English via Latin from Greek \Ikanon,\i reinforced in Middle English by Anglo-French & Old French \Icanun,\i \I-on;\i in sense 2 Middle English via Old French \Icanonie\i from ecclesiastical Latin \Icanonicus:\i cf. \J\Xcanonical\x\j\c
<hw>canonic</hw> \K/k\F'\n"nQnIk/\k \Iadj.\i \IEccl Mus\i = \J\Xcanonical\x \Iadj.\i\j \BEtymology:\b \3Old English via Old French \Icanonique\i or Latin \Icanonicus\i from Greek \Ikanonikos,\i from \Ikanon\i 'rule'\c
<hw>canonical</hw> \K/k\F'\n"nQnIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IEccl\i \Ba\b according to or ordered by canon law. \Bb\b included in the canon of Scripture.\p\B2\b authoritative, standard, accepted.\p\B3\b of a cathedral chapter or a member of it.\p\B4\b \IMus.\i in canon form.\p\In.\i\p\I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \IEccl\i the canonical dress of the clergy. \Bcanonically\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Icanonicalis\i (as \J\Xcanonic\x)\j\c
<hw>canonical hours</hw> \In.pl.\i \IEccl.\i\p\B1\b the times of daily prayer appointed in the breviary, or the offices set for them.\p\B2\b (in the Church of England) the time during which a marriage may lawfully be celebrated (usu. between 8 a.m. and 6 p.m.).
<hw>canonicity</hw> \K/kan\F'\n"nIsIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\IEccl\i the status of being canonical. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icanonicus\i 'canonical'\c
<hw>canonist</hw> \K/"kan\F'\nnIst/\k\p\In.\i\p\IEccl\i an expert in canon law. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from French \Icanoniste\i or from medieval Latin \Icanonista:\i see \J\Xcanon\x\j\c
<hw>canonize</hw> \K/"kan\F'\nnVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b \IEccl RC Ch\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b declare officially to be a saint, usu. with a ceremony. \Bb\b regard as a saint.\p\B2\b admit to the canon of Scripture.\p\B3\b sanction by Church authority. \Bcanonization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from medieval Latin \Icanonizare:\i see \J\Xcanon\x\j\c
<hw>canonry</hw> \K/"kan\F'\nnri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IEccl\i the office or benefice of a canon.
<hw>canoodle</hw> \K/k\F'\n"nu:d(\F'\n)l/\k \Iv.intr.\i \Icolloq.\i kiss and cuddle amorously. \BEtymology:\b \319th-c. US: origin unknown\c
<hw>can-opener</hw>\p\In.\i\pa device for opening cans of food etc.
<hw>Canopic jar</hw> \K/k\F'\n"n\F'\nUpIk/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \BCanopic vase)\b \IArchaeol Egyptol\i an urn used for holding the entrails of an embalmed body in an ancient Egyptian burial. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \ICanopicus\i from \ICanopus,\i a town in ancient Egypt\c
<hw>canopy</hw> \K/"kan\F'\npi/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b a covering hung or held up over a throne, bed, person, etc. \Bb\b the sky. \Bc\b an overhanging shelter.\p\B2\b \IArchit.\i a rooflike projection over a niche etc.\p\B3\b \IForestry\i the uppermost layers of foliage etc. in a forest.\p\B4\b \Ba\b the expanding part of a parachute. \Bb\b \IAeron\i the cover of an aircraft's cockpit. \Iv.tr.\i \B(-ies,\b \B-ied)\b supply or be a canopy to. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via medieval Latin \Icanopeum\i and Latin \Iconopeum\i from Greek \Ikonopeion\i 'couch with mosquito-curtains', from \Ikonops\i 'gnat'\c
<hw>cant (1)</hw> \K/kant/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\ILinguistics\i\p\B1\b insincere pious or moral talk.\p\B2\b ephemeral or fashionable catchwords.\p\B3\b language peculiar to a class, profession, sect, etc.; jargon. \Iv.intr.\i use cant. \BEtymology:\b \3earlier of musical sound, of intonation, and of beggars' whining; perhaps from the singing of religious mendicants: probably from Latin \Icanere\i 'sing'\c
<hw>cant (2)</hw> \K/kant/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a slanting surface, e.g. of a bank. \Bb\b a bevel of a crystal etc.\p\B2\b an oblique push or movement that upsets or partly upsets something.\p\B3\b a tilted or sloping position.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i push or pitch out of level; tilt.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i take or lie in a slanting position.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \ICarpentry etc.\i impart a bevel to.\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i \INaut.\i swing round. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Middle Low German \Ikant,\i \Ikante,\i Middle Dutch \Icant,\i 'point, side, edge', ultimately from Latin \Icant(h)us\i 'iron tire'\c
<hw>can't</hw> \K/kA:nt/\k \Icontr.\i can not.
<hw>Cantab</hw> \K/"kantab/\k \Iabbr.\i \IEducation\i of Cambridge University. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \ICantabrigiensis\i\c
<hw>cantabile</hw> \K/kan"tA:bIli/\k \Iadv., adj., & n.\i \IMus.\i \Iadv. & adj.\i in a smooth singing style.\p\In.\i\pa cantabile passage or movement. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian, = singable\c
<hw>Cantabrigian</hw> \K/kant\F'\n"brIdZI\F'\nn/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IEducation\i \Iadj.\i of Cambridge or Cambridge University.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a member of Cambridge University.\p\B2\b \IPeople\i a native of Cambridge. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \ICantabrigia\i 'Cambridge'\c
<hw>cantal</hw> \K/"kantA:l/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i a type of hard strong French cheese. \BEtymology:\b \3\ICantal,\i a department of Auvergne, France, where it is made\c
<hw>cantaloupe</hw> \K/"kant\F'\nlu:p/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcantaloup)\b \IBot\i a small round ribbed variety of melon with orange flesh. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icantaloup\i from \ICantaluppi\i near Rome, where it was first grown in Europe\c
<hw>cantata</hw> \K/kan"tA:t\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMus.\i a short narrative or descriptive composition with vocal solos and usu. chorus and orchestral accompaniment. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian \Icantata\i \I(aria)\i 'sung (air)' from \Icantare\i 'sing'\c
<hw>cant-dog</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IForestry\i an iron hook at the end of a long handle, used for rolling logs.
<hw>canteen</hw> \K/kan"ti:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IFood\i \Ba\b a restaurant for employees in an office or factory etc. \Bb\b a shop selling provisions or liquor in a barracks or camp.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b a case or box of cutlery.\p\B3\b a soldier's or camper's water-flask or set of eating or drinking utensils. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icantine\i from Italian \Icantina\i 'cellar'\c
<hw>canter</hw> \K/"kant\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i \IRiding\i\p\In.\i\pa gentle gallop.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i (of a horse or its rider) go at a canter.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i make (a horse) canter.\p\1in a canter\c \BBrit.\b easily \3(win in a canter).\c \BEtymology:\b \3short for \ICanterbury pace,\i from the supposed easy pace of medieval pilgrims to Canterbury in Kent\c
<hw>canterbury</hw> \K/"kant\F'\nb(\F'\n)ri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IFurniture\i a piece of furniture with partitions for holding music etc. \BEtymology:\b \3named after \ICanterbury\i in Kent\c
<hw>Canterbury bell</hw> \K/"kant\F'\nb(\F'\n)ri/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a cultivated campanula with large flowers. \BEtymology:\b \3after the bells on Canterbury pilgrims' horses: see \J\Xcanter\x\j\c
<hw>canthus</hw> \K/kanT\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bcanthi\b \K/-TVI/\k) \IAnat\i the outer or inner corner of the eye, where the upper and lower lids meet. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin from Greek \Ikanthos\i\c
<hw>canticle</hw> \K/"kantIk(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig Mus\i\p\B1\b a hymn or chant usu. with a biblical text, forming a regular part of a church service.\p\B2\b \B(Canticles)\b (also \BCanticle of Canticles)\b \IBibl\i the Song of Solomon. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Icanticle\i (variant of \Icantique)\i or Latin \Icanticulum,\i diminutive of \Icanticum,\i from \Icanere\i 'sing'\c
<hw>cantilena</hw> \K/kantI"leIn\F'\n/, /-"li:n\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMus.\i a simple or sustained melody. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian\c
<hw>cantilever</hw> \K/"kantIli:v\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i \IMech Archit\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a long bracket or beam etc. projecting from a wall to support a balcony etc.\p\B2\b a beam or girder fixed at only one end.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr. & tr.\i project as a cantilever.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i support by a cantilever or cantilevers. \BEtymology:\b \317th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>cantilever bridge</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMech\i a bridge made of cantilevers projecting from the piers and connected by girders.
<hw>cantillate</hw> \K/"kantIleIt/\k \Iv.tr. & intr.\i \IMus\i chant or recite with musical tones. \Bcantillation\b \K/-"leIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icantillare\i 'sing low': see \J\Xchant\x\j\c
<hw>cantina</hw> \K/kan"ti:n\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IDrink\i a bar room or wine shop. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish & Italian\c
<hw>canting arms</hw> \In.pl.\i \IHeraldry\i arms containing an allusion to the name of the bearer. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xcant\x (1),\j in the obsolete dialect sense 'speak, say'\c
<hw>canto</hw> \K/"kant\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b \IProsody\i a division of a long poem. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian, = song, from Latin \Icantus\i\c
<hw>canton</hw> \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \K/"kantQn/\k\IPolit\i \Ba\b a subdivision of a country. \Bb\b a state of the Swiss Confederation.\p\B2\b \K/"kant(\F'\n)n/\k \IHeraldry\i a square division, less than a quarter, in the upper (usu. dexter) corner of a shield. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \K/kan"tu:n/\k \BBrit.\b \IMil\i put (troops) into quarters.\p\B2\b \K/kan"tQn/\k\IPolit\i divide into cantons. \Bcantonal\b \K/"kant\F'\nn(\F'\n)l/, /kan"tQn(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old French, = corner, ultimately from Latin \Icantus\i (see \J\Xcant\x (2)):\j the verb also partly from French \Icantonner\i\c
<hw>Cantonese</hw> \K/kant\F'\n"ni:z/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i of Canton or the Cantonese dialect of Chinese.\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i same)\p\B1\b \IPeople\i a native of Canton.\p\B2\b \ILanguage\i the dialect of Chinese spoken in SE China and Hong Kong. \BEtymology:\b \3\ICanton,\i the English name of the city of Guangzhou in China\c
<hw>cantonment</hw> \K/kan"tQnm(\F'\n)nt/, /-"tu:n-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i\p\B1\b a lodging assigned to troops.\p\B2\b \Ihist.\i a permanent military station in India. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icantonnement:\i see \J\Xcanton\x\j\c
<hw>cantor</hw> \K/"kantO:/, /-\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IEccl\i the leader of the singing in church; a precentor.\p\B2\b the precentor in a synagogue. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = singer from \Icanere\i 'sing'\c
<hw>cantorial</hw> \K/kan"tO:rI\F'\nl/\k \Iadj.\i \IEccl\i\p\B1\b of or relating to the cantor.\p\B2\b of the north side of the choir in a church, the side on which the cantor sits \I(cf.\i \J\Xdecanal\x 2).\j
<hw>cantoris</hw> \K/kan"tO:rIs/\k \Iadj.\i \IMus.\i \IEccl\i to be sung by the cantorial side of the choir in antiphonal singing \I(cf.\i \J\Xdecani\x).\j \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, genitive of \J\Xcantor\x\j\c
<hw>cantrail</hw> \K/"kantreIl/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IRailways\i a timber etc. support for the roof of a railway carriage. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xcant\x (2)\j + \J\Xrail\x (1)\j\c
<hw>cantrip</hw> \K/"kantrIp/\k\p\In.\i\p\BSc.\b\p\B1\b a witch's trick.\p\B2\b a piece of mischief; a playful act. \BEtymology:\b \316th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>Canuck</hw> \K/k\F'\n"nVk/\k \In. & adj.\i \Besp. Canad.\b \Icolloq.\i\p\In.\i\p\IPeople\i a Canadian.\Khorse sense omitted Oct 94\k \Iadj.\i Canadian. \BEtymology:\b \3apparently from \ICanada\i\c
<hw>canvas</hw> \K/"kanv\F'\ns/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ITextiles\i \Ba\b a strong coarse kind of cloth made from hemp or flax or other coarse yarn and used for sails and tents etc. and as a surface for oil painting. \Bb\b a piece of this.\p\B2\b \IArt\i a painting on canvas, esp. in oils.\p\B3\b \INeedlework\i an open kind of canvas used as a basis for tapestry and embroidery.\p\B4\b \Islang\i \IBoxing Wrestling\i the floor of a boxing or wrestling ring.\p\B5\b \ISport\i a racing boat's covered end. \Iv.tr.\i \B(canvassed,\b \Bcanvassing;\b \BUS\b \Bcanvased,\b \Bcanvasing)\b cover with canvas.\p\1by a canvas\c \ISport\i (in boat racing) by a small margin \3(win by a canvas).\c\p\1under canvas\c\p\B1\b in a tent or tents.\p\B2\b \INaut\i with sails spread. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English & Old Northern French \Icanevas,\i ultimately from Latin \Icannabis\i 'hemp'\c
<hw>canvas-back</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a wild duck Aythya valisineria, of N. America, with back feathers the colour of unbleached canvas.
<hw>canvass</hw> \K/"kanv\F'\ns/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \IPolit\i \Ba\b \Iintr.\i solicit votes. \Bb\b \Itr.\i solicit votes from (electors in a constituency).\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b ascertain opinions of. \Bb\b seek custom from. \Bc\b discuss thoroughly.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \BBrit.\b propose (an idea or plan etc.).\Ksense 4 US check validity of votes omitted: F. Abate Oct 94\k\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i the process of or an instance of canvassing, esp. of electors. \Bcanvasser\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3originally = toss in a sheet, agitate, from \J\Xcanvas\x\j\c
<hw>canyon</hw> \K/"kanj\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bca±on)\b \IGeog\i a deep gorge, often with a stream or river. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish \Ica±≤n\i 'tube', ultimately from Latin \Icanna\i \J\Xcane\x\j\c
<hw>canzonetta</hw> \K/kanz\F'\n"nEt\F'\n/, /kants\F'\n"nEt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcanzonet\b \K/-"nEt/\k) \IMus\i\p\B1\b a short light song.\p\B2\b a kind of madrigal. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian, diminutive of \Icanzone\i 'song', from Latin \Icantio -onis\i from \Icanere\i 'sing'\c
<hw>caoutchouc</hw> \K/"kaUtSUk/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i raw rubber. \BEtymology:\b \3French from Carib \Icahuchu\i\c
<hw>CAP</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IEcon\i Common Agricultural Policy (of the EEC).
<hw>cap</hw> \K/kap/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IClothing\i \Ba\b a soft head covering, usu. with a peak but otherwise brimless. \Bb\b a head covering worn in a particular profession \3(nurse's cap).\c \Bc\b \Besp. Brit.\b \ISport\i a cap awarded as a sign of membership of a sports team. \Bd\b \IEducation\i an academic mortarboard or soft hat. \Be\b a special hat as part of Highland dress.\p\B2\b \Ba\b a cover like a cap in shape or position \3(kneecap;\c \2toecap).\c \Bb\b a device to seal a bottle or protect the point of a pen, lens of a camera, etc.\p\B3\b \Ba\b \IMed\i = \J\XDutch cap\x 1.\j \Bb\b \IMil\i = \J\Xpercussion cap\x.\j\p\B4\b \IDentistry\i = \J\Xcrown\x\p\In.\i\p9b.\j \Iv.tr.\i \B(capped,\b \Bcapping)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b put a cap on. \Bb\b cover the top or end of. \Bc\b set a limit to \3(rate-capping).\c\p\B2\b \Ba\b \Besp. Brit.\b \ISport\i award a sports cap to. \Bb\b \BSc.\b & \BNZ\b \IEducation\i confer a university degree on.\p\B3\b \Ba\b lie on top of; form the cap of. \Bb\b surpass, excel. \Bc\b improve on (a story, quotation, etc.) esp. by producing a better or more apposite one.\p\1cap in hand\c humbly.\p\1if the cap fits (wear it)\c \BBrit.\b (said of a generalized comment) it seems to be true of the person in question.\p\1set one's cap at\c (or \BUS\b \Bfor)\b try to attract as a suitor. \Bcapful\b\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-fuls).\b \Bcapping\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Icµppe\i from Late Latin \Icappa,\i perhaps from Latin \Icaput\i 'head'\c
<hw>cap.</hw> \Iabbr.\i\p\B1\b capital.\p\B2\b \IPrinting\i capital letter.\p\B3\b chapter. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icapitulum\i or \Icaput\i\c
<hw>capability</hw> \K/keIp\F'\n"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bof,\b \Bfor,\b \Bto)\b\i ability, power; the condition of being capable.\p\B2\b an undeveloped or unused faculty.
<hw>capable</hw> \K/"keIp\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b competent, able, gifted.\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bof)\b\i \Ba\b having the ability, fitness, or necessary quality for. \Bb\b susceptible or admitting of (explanation or improvement etc.). \Bcapably\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3in earlier use = able to take in or understand: French via Late Latin \Icapabilis\i from Latin \Icapere\i 'hold'\c
<hw>capacious</hw> \K/k\F'\n"peIS\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i roomy; able to hold much. \Bcapaciously\b \Iadv.\i \Bcapaciousness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icapax -acis\i from \Icapere\i 'hold'\c
<hw>capacitance</hw> \K/k\F'\n"pasIt(\F'\n)ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\IElectr.\i\p\B1\b the ability of a system to store an electric charge.\p\B2\b the ratio of the change in an electric charge in a system to the corresponding change in its electric potential (symbol \BC).\b\Ksymb\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xcapacity\x\j + \J\X-ance\x\j\c
<hw>capacitate</hw> \K/k\F'\n"pasIteIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bfor,\b or \Bto\b + infin.)\i render capable.\p\B2\b \ILaw\i make legally competent.
<hw>capacitor</hw> \K/k\F'\n"pasIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IElectr.\i a device of one or more pairs of conductors separated by insulators used to store an electric charge.
<hw>capacity</hw> \K/k\F'\n"pasIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b the power of containing, receiving, experiencing, or producing \3(capacity for heat, pain, etc.).\c \Bb\b the maximum amount that can be contained or produced etc. \Bc\b the volume, e.g. of the cylinders in an internal-combustion engine. \Bd\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i fully occupying the available space, resources, etc. \3(a capacity audience).\c\p\B2\b \Ba\b mental power. \Bb\b a faculty or talent.\p\B3\b a position or function \3(in a civil capacity;\c \2in my capacity as a critic).\c\p\B4\b \ILaw\i legal competence.\p\B5\b \IElectr.\i capacitance.\p\1to capacity\c fully; using all resources \3(working to capacity).\c \Bcapacitative\b \K/-t\F'\ntIv/\k \Iadj.\i (also \Bcapacitive)\b (in sense 5). \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via French from Latin \Icapacitas -tatis\i (as \J\Xcapacious\x)\j\c
<hw>caparison</hw> \K/k\F'\n"parIs(\F'\n)n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i \IRiding\i a horse's trappings.\p\B2\b equipment, finery. \Iv.tr.\i put caparisons on; adorn richly. \BEtymology:\b \3obsolete French \Icaparasson\i from Spanish \Icaparaz≤n\i 'saddle-cloth', from \Icapa\i \J\Xcape\x (1)\j\c
<hw>cape (1)</hw> \K/keIp/\k\p\In.\i\p\IClothing\i\p\B1\b a sleeveless cloak.\p\B2\b a short sleeveless cloak as a fixed or detachable part of a longer cloak or coat. \Bcaped\b \Iadj.\i\Kcaped new f. corpus Oct 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3French via Provenτal \Icapa\i from Late Latin \Icappa\i \J\Xcap\x\j\c
<hw>cape (2)</hw> \K/keIp/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeog\i\p\B1\b a headland or promontory.\p\B2\b \B(the Cape)\b \Ba\b the Cape of Good Hope. \Bb\b the S. African province containing it. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icap\i from Provenτal \Icap,\i ultimately from Latin \Icaput\i 'head'\c
<hw>Cape buffalo</hw> \Isee\i \J\Xbuffalo\x\p\In.\i\p1b.\j\Knew as hwd Sept 94\k
<hw>Cape Coloured</hw> \Iadj. & n.\i \BS.Afr.\b \IPolit\i \Iadj.\i of the mixed white and non-white population of Cape Province.\p\In.\i\pa member of this population.
<hw>Cape doctor</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BS.Afr.\b \IMeteorol\i \Icolloq.\i a strong SE wind.
<hw>Cape gooseberry</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b an edible soft roundish yellow berry enclosed in a lantern-like husk.\p\B2\b the plant, Physalis peruviana, bearing these.
<hw>capelin</hw> \K/"keIplIn/, /"kap-/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcaplin)\b \IZool\i a small smeltlike fish, Mallotus villosus, of the N. Atlantic, used as food and as bait for catching cod etc. \BEtymology:\b \3French from Provenτal \Icapelan\i 'chaplain'\c
<hw>caper (1)</hw> \K/"keIp\F'\n/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.intr.\i jump or run about playfully.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a playful jump or leap.\p\B2\b \Ba\b a fantastic proceeding; a prank. \Bb\b \Islang\i any activity or occupation.\p\1cut a caper\c (or \Bcapers)\b act friskily. \Bcaperer\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation of \J\Xcapriole\x\j\c
<hw>caper (2)</hw> \K/"keIp\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b a bramble-like southern European shrub, Capparis spinosa.\p\B2\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i its flower buds cooked and pickled for use as flavouring esp. for a savoury sauce. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English \Icapres\i & French \IcΓpres\i via Latin \Icapparis\i from Greek \Ikapparis,\i treated as pl.: cf. \J\Xcherry\x,\j \J\Xpea\x\j\c
<hw>capercaillie</hw> \K/kap\F'\n"keIli/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcapercailzie\b \K/-lzi/\k) \IZool\i a large grouse, Tetrao urogallus, of coniferous forests in northern Europe. \BEtymology:\b \3Gaelic \Icapull coille\i 'horse of the wood'\c
<hw>capeskin</hw> \K/"keIpskIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITextiles Leather\i a soft leather made from South African sheepskin.
<hw>capias</hw> \K/"keIpI\F'\ns/, /"kap-/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i a writ ordering the arrest of the person named. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = you are to seize, from \Icapere\i 'take'\c
<hw>capillary</hw> \K/k\F'\n"pIl\F'\nri/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of or like a hair.\p\B2\b (of a tube) of hairlike internal diameter.\p\B3\b \IAnat\i of one of the delicate ramified blood vessels intervening between arteries and veins.\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b a capillary tube.\p\B2\b \IAnat\i a capillary blood vessel. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icapillaris\i from \Icapillus\i 'hair'\c
<hw>capillary action</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i the tendency of a liquid in a capillary tube or absorbent material to rise or fall as a result of surface tension. \IAlso called\i \Icapillarity.\i
<hw>capital (1)</hw> \K/"kapIt(\F'\n)l/\k \In., adj., & int.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPolit Geog\i the most important town or city of a country or region, usu. its seat of government and administrative centre.\p\B2\b \ICommerce Econ\i \Ba\b the money or other assets with which a company starts in business. \Bb\b accumulated wealth, esp. as used in further production. \Bc\b money invested or lent at interest.\p\B3\b capitalists generally.\p\B4\b \IPrinting\i a capital letter. \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b principal; most important; leading. \Bb\b \Icolloq.\i excellent, first-rate.\p\B2\b \Ba\b involving or punishable by death \3(capital punishment;\c \2a capital offence).\c \Bb\b (of an error etc.) vitally harmful; fatal.\p\B3\b (of letters of the alphabet) large in size and of the form used to begin sentences and names etc. \Iint.\i expressing approval or satisfaction.\p\1make capital out of\c use to one's advantage.\p\1with a capital -\c emphatically such \3(art with a capital A).\c \Bcapitally\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Icapitalis,\i from \Icaput -itis\i 'head'\c
<hw>capital (2)</hw> \K/"kapIt(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\IArchit.\i the head or cornice of a pillar or column. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icapitel\i from Late Latin \Icapitellum,\i diminutive of Latin \Icaput\i 'head'\c
<hw>capital gain</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce Econ\i a profit from the sale of investments or property.
<hw>capital gains tax</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce Econ\i a tax levied on the profit from the sale of investments or property.\Knew f. corpus Aug 93\k
<hw>capital goods</hw> \In.pl.\i \IIndustry\i goods, esp. machinery, plant, etc., used or to be used in producing commodities \I(opp.\i \J\Xconsumer goods\x).\j
<hw>capitalism</hw> \K/"kapIt(\F'\n)lIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IEcon Polit\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b an economic system in which the production and distribution of goods depend on invested private capital and profit-making. \Bb\b the possession of capital or wealth.\p\B2\b \IPolit.\i the dominance of private owners of capital and production for profit.
<hw>capitalist</hw> \K/"kapIt(\F'\n)lIst/\k \In. & adj.\i \IEcon Polit\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person using or possessing capital; a rich person.\p\B2\b an advocate of capitalism. \Iadj.\i of or favouring capitalism. \Bcapitalistic\b \K/-"lIstIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Bcapitalistically\b \K/-"lIstIk(\F'\n)li/\k \Iadv.\i
<hw>capitalize</hw> \K/"kapIt(\F'\n)lVIz/\k\p\Iv.\i\p(also \B-ise)\b\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \IEcon Polit\i \Ba\b convert into or provide with capital. \Bb\b calculate or realize the present value of an income. \Bc\b reckon (the value of an asset) by setting future benefits against the cost of maintenance.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b write (a letter of the alphabet) as a capital. \Bb\b begin (a word) with a capital letter.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bon)\b\i use to one's advantage; profit from. \Bcapitalization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Icapitaliser\i (as \J\Xcapital\x (1))\j\c
<hw>capital levy</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IEcon\i\p\B1\b the appropriation by the State of a fixed proportion of the wealth in the country.\p\B2\b a wealth tax.
<hw>capital sum</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IInsurance\i a lump sum of money, esp. payable to an insured person.
<hw>capital territory</hw>\p\In.\i\pa territory containing the capital city of a country.
<hw>capital transfer tax</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IEcon\i \Ihist.\i (in the UK) a tax levied on the transfer of capital by gift or bequest etc. (replaced in 1986 by \J\Xinheritance tax\x).\j
<hw>capitation</hw> \K/kapI"teIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPolit Econ\i\p\B1\b a tax or fee at a set rate per person.\p\B2\b the levying of such a tax or fee. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icapitation\i or Late Latin \Icapitatio\i 'poll tax', from \Icaput\i 'head'\c
<hw>capitation grant</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IEducation\i a grant of a sum calculated from the number of people to be catered for, esp. in education.
<hw>Capitol</hw> \K/"kapIt(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(usu. prec. by \Bthe)\b\i \IPolit\i (in the US) a building housing a legislature, esp. the seat of the US Congress in Washington, DC.\Knew f. Inc., Kpb, corpus Sept 94\k
<hw>capitular</hw> \K/k\F'\n"pItjUl\F'\n/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IEccl\i of or relating to a cathedral chapter.\p\B2\b \IAnat.\i of or relating to a terminal protuberance of a bone. \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Icapitularis\i from Latin \Icapitulum\i \J\Xchapter\x\j\c
<hw>capitulary</hw> \K/k\F'\n"pItjUl\F'\nri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \Ihist.\i a collection of ordinances, esp. of the Frankish kings. \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Icapitularius\i (as \J\Xcapitular\x)\j\c
<hw>capitulate</hw> \K/k\F'\n"pItjUleIt/\k \Iv.intr.\i surrender, esp. on stated conditions. \Bcapitulator\b\p\In.\i\p\Bcapitulatory\b \K/-l\F'\nt(\F'\n)ri/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Icapitulare\i 'draw up under headings' from Latin \Icaput\i 'head'\c
<hw>capitulation</hw> \K/k\F'\npItjU"leIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act of capitulating; surrender.\p\B2\b a statement of the main divisions of a subject.\p\B3\b an agreement or set of conditions.
<hw>capitulum</hw> \K/k\F'\n"pItjUl\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bcapitula\b \K/-l\F'\n/\k) \IBot.\i a dense flat cluster of flowers or florets, as in the daisy family. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, diminutive of \Icaput\i 'head'\c
<hw>capo (1)</hw> \K/"kap\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p(in full \Bcapo tasto\b \K/"tast\F'\nU/\k) \I(pl.\i \Bcapos\b or \Bcapo tastos)\b \IMus.\i a device secured across the neck of a fretted instrument to raise equally the tuning of all strings by the required amount. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian \Icapo tasto\i 'head stop'\c
<hw>capo (2)</hw> \K/"kap\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b \Besp. US\b the head of a crime syndicate or of one of its branches.\Knew f. OERD, NSOED May 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Italian, from Latin \Icaput\i 'head'\c
<hw>cap of liberty</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IRom. Hist.\i \Ihist.\i a conical cap given to Roman slaves on emanicipation, often used as a republican symbol.\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED; used at Phrygian entry Aug 93\k
<hw>cap of maintenance</hw>\p\In.\i\pa cap or hat worn as a symbol of official dignity or carried before the sovereign etc.
<hw>capon</hw> \K/"keIp(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFood\i a domestic cock castrated and fattened for eating. \Bcaponize\b \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise).\b \BEtymology:\b \3Old English from Anglo-French \Icapun,\i Old French \Icapon,\i ultimately from Latin \Icapo -onis\i\c
<hw>caponier</hw> \K/kap\F'\n"nI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFortification\i a covered passage across a ditch round a fort. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish \Icaponera,\i literally 'capon-pen'\c
<hw>capot</hw> \K/k\F'\n"pQt/\k \In. & v.\i \ICards\i\p\In.\i\p(in piquet) the winning of all the tricks by one player. \Iv.tr.\i \B(capotted,\b \Bcapotting)\b score a capot against (an opponent). \BEtymology:\b \3French, perhaps from a dialect variant of \Ichapoter\i 'to castrate'\c
<hw>capo tasto</hw> \Isee\i \J\Xcapo\x (1).\j\Knew as hwd Sept 94\k
<hw>capote</hw> \K/k\F'\n"p\F'\nUt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IClothing\i \Ihist.\i a long cloak with a hood, formerly worn by soldiers and travellers etc. \BEtymology:\b \3French, diminutive of \Icape\i \J\Xcape\x (1)\j\c
<hw>cappuccino</hw> \K/kapU"tSi:n\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b \IDrink\i coffee with milk made frothy with pressurized steam, esp. made with espresso coffee. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian, = \J\XCapuchin\x\j\c
<hw>capriccio</hw> \K/k\F'\n"prItSI\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b\p\B1\b \IMus\i a lively and usu. short musical composition.\p\B2\b \IArt\i a painting etc. representing a fantasy or a mixture of real and imaginary features. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian, = sudden start, originally 'horror'\c
<hw>capriccioso</hw> \K/k\F'\nprItSI"\F'\nUz\F'\nU/\k \Iadv. & adj.\i \IMus.\i in a free and impulsive style.\Knoun omitted for lack of evidence Oct 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Italian, = capricious\c
<hw>caprice</hw> \K/k\F'\n"pri:s/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b an unaccountable or whimsical change of mind or conduct. \Bb\b a tendency to this.\p\B2\b \IArt Mus\i a work of lively fancy in painting, drawing, or music; a capriccio. \BEtymology:\b \3French, from Italian \J\Xcapriccio\x\j\c
<hw>capricious</hw> \K/k\F'\n"prIS\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b guided by or given to caprice.\p\B2\b irregular, unpredictable. \Bcapriciously\b \Iadv.\i \Bcapriciousness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Icapricieux\i from Italian \J\Xcapriccioso\x\j\c
<hw>Capricorn</hw> \K/"kaprIkO:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b (usu. \BCapricornus\b \K/-"kO:n\F'\ns/\k) \IAstron.\i a constellation (the Goat), said to represent a goat with a fish's tail (or, in Hindu astrology, a crocodile).\p\B2\b \IAstrol.\i \Ba\b the tenth sign of the zodiac, which the sun enters at the winter solstice (about 21 Dec.). \Bb\b a person born when the sun is in this sign.\p\1tropic of Capricorn\c see \J\Xtropic\x\p\In.\i\p1.\j \BCapricornian\b \In. & adj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icapricorne\i from Latin \Icapricornus,\i from \Icaper -pri\i 'goat' + \Icornu\i 'horn'\c
<hw>caprine</hw> \K/"kaprVIn/\k \Iadj.\i of or like a goat. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Icaprinus,\i from \Icaper -pri\i 'goat'\c
<hw>capriole</hw> \K/"kaprI\F'\nUl/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a leap or caper.\p\B2\b \IRiding\i a trained horse's high leap and kick without advancing.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \IRiding\i \Iintr.\i (of a horse or its rider) perform a capriole.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i make (a horse) capriole. \BEtymology:\b \3French from Italian \Icapriola\i 'leap', ultimately from \Icaper -pri\i 'goat'\c
<hw>Capris</hw> \K/k\F'\n"pri:z/\k \In.pl.\i (also \BCapri pants)\b \IClothing\i women's close-fitting tapered trousers. \BEtymology:\b \3\ICapri,\i an island in the bay of Naples\c
<hw>cap rock</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IGeol\i a hard rock or stratum overlying a deposit of oil, gas, coal, etc.
<hw>caps.</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IPrinting\i capital letters.
<hw>Capsian</hw> \K/"kapsI\F'\nn/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i \IArchaeol Anthropol\i of or relating to a palaeolithic culture of N. Africa and S. Europe.\p\In.\i\pthis culture. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \ICapsa\i = Gafsa in Tunisia\c
<hw>capsicum</hw> \K/"kapsIk\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b any plant of the genus \ICapsicum\i (nightshade family), having edible capsular fruits containing many seeds, esp. C. annuum yielding chilli and sweet peppers.\p\B2\b the fruit of any of these plants, which vary in size, colour, and pungency. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin, perhaps from Latin \Icapsa\i 'box'\c
<hw>capsid (1)</hw> \K/"kapsId/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i = \J\Xmirid\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \ICapsus,\i genus name of a bug\c
<hw>capsid (2)</hw> \K/"kapsId/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiol\i the protein coat or shell of a virus. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icapside\i from Latin \Icapsa\i 'box'\c
<hw>capsize</hw> \K/kap"sVIz/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\INaut\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i upset or overturn (a boat).\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i be capsized. \Bcapsizal\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3perhaps ultimately from Spanish \Icapuzar\i ' sink (a ship) by the head', from \Icabo\i 'head' + \Ichapuzar\i 'dive, duck'\c
<hw>cap sleeve</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IFashion\i a sleeve extending only a short distance from the shoulder.
<hw>capstan</hw> \K/"kapst(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \INaut\i a thick revolving cylinder with a vertical axis, for winding an anchor cable or a halyard etc.\p\B2\b \IElectronics\i a motor-driven revolving spindle on a tape recorder that guides the tape past the head at constant speed. \BEtymology:\b \3Provenτal \Icabestan,\i ultimately from Latin \Icapistrum\i 'halter', from \Icapere\i 'seize'\c
<hw>capstan lathe</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICarpentry etc.\i a lathe with a revolving tool holder.
<hw>capstone</hw> \K/"kapst\F'\nUn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IArchit\i coping; a coping stone.
<hw>capsule</hw> \K/"kapsju:l/, /-sjUl/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMed\i a small soluble case of gelatin enclosing a dose of medicine and swallowed with it.\p\B2\b \IAstronaut\i a detachable compartment of a spacecraft or nose-cone of a rocket.\p\B3\b \IBiol\i an enclosing membrane in the body.\p\B4\b a top or cover for a bottle, esp. the foil or plastic covering the cork of a wine bottle.\Ksense 4 new f. OERD, NSOED Corpus May 94\k\p\B5\b \IBot\i \Ba\b a dry fruit that releases its seeds when ripe. \Bb\b the spore-producing part of mosses and liverworts.\p\B6\b \IBiol.\i an enveloping layer surrounding certain bacteria.\p\B7\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i concise; highly condensed \3(a capsule history of jazz).\c \Bcapsular\b \Iadj.\i \Bcapsulate\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French from Latin \Icapsula,\i from \Icapsa\i \J\Xcase\x (2)\j\c
<hw>capsulize</hw> \K/"kapsjUlVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b put (information etc.) in compact form.
<hw>captain</hw> \K/"kaptIn/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a chief or leader. \Bb\b \ISport\i the leader of a team, esp. in sports. \Bc\b a powerful or influential person \3(captain of industry).\c\p\B2\b \Ba\b \INaut\i the person in command of a merchant or passenger ship. \Bb\b \IAeron\i the pilot of a civil aircraft.\p\B3\b (as a title \BCaptain)\b \IMil\i \Ba\b an army or (in the US and Canada) air force officer next above lieutenant. \Bb\b \INaut\i a navy officer in command of a warship; one ranking below commodore or rear admiral and above commander. \Bc\b \ICriminol\i (in the US) a police officer in charge of a precinct, ranking below a chief.\p\B4\b \Ba\b \BBrit.\b a foreman. \Bb\b a head boy or girl in a school. \Bc\b \IScouting\i \Icolloq.\i the adult leader of a company of Guides, officially termed \IGuide Guider\i since 1968.\K4c new in COD9 f. News Aug93\k \Bd\b \BN. Amer.\b a supervisor of waiters or bellboys.\p\B5\b \IMil\i \Ba\b a great soldier or strategist. \Bb\b an experienced commander. \Iv.tr.\i be captain of; lead. \Bcaptaincy\b\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies).\b \Bcaptainship\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English & Old French \Icapitain\i via Late Latin \Icapitaneus\i 'chief' from Latin \Icaput capit-\i 'head'\c
<hw>Captain Cooker</hw> \K/%kaptIn "kUk\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BNZ\b \IZool.\i a wild boar.\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3named after Capt. J. \ICook,\i navigator and explorer d. 1779\c
<hw>captain-general</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i (in the UK) an honorary officer, esp. of artillery.
<hw>Captain of the Fleet</hw>\p\In.\i\p\INaut\i (in the UK) a Navy staff officer in charge of maintenance.
<hw>caption</hw> \K/"kapS(\F'\n)n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a title or brief explanation appended to an illustration, cartoon, etc.\p\B2\b wording appearing on a cinema or television screen as part of a film or broadcast.\p\B3\b the heading of a chapter or article etc.\p\B4\b \ILaw\i a certificate attached to or written on a document. \Iv.tr.\i provide with a caption. \BEtymology:\b \3in earlier use = capture, seizure, hence a warrant for arrest: Middle English from Latin \Icaptio,\i from \Icapere capt-\i 'take'\c
<hw>captious</hw> \K/"kapS\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i given to finding fault or raising petty objections. \Bcaptiously\b \Iadv.\i \Bcaptiousness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Icaptieux\i or Latin \Icaptiosus\i (as \J\Xcaption\x)\j\c
<hw>captivate</hw> \K/"kaptIveIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b overwhelm with charm or affection.\p\B2\b fascinate. \Bcaptivatingly\b \Iadv.\i \Bcaptivation\b \K/-"veIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Icaptivare\i 'take captive' (as \J\Xcaptive\x)\j\c
<hw>captive</hw> \K/"kaptIv/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\pa person or animal that has been taken prisoner or confined. \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b taken prisoner. \Bb\b kept in confinement or under restraint.\p\B2\b \Ba\b unable to escape. \Bb\b in a position of having to comply \3(captive audience;\c \2captive market).\c\p\B3\b of or like a prisoner \3(captive state).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Icaptivus,\i from \Icapere capt-\i 'take'\c
<hw>captive balloon</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAeron\i a balloon held by a rope from the ground.
<hw>captivity</hw> \K/kap"tIvIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b the condition or circumstances of being a captive. \Bb\b a period of captivity.\p\B2\b \B(the Captivity)\b \IRelig\i the captivity of the Jews in Babylon in the 6th c. bc.
<hw>captor</hw> \K/"kapt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pa person who captures or holds captive (a person, group, etc.). \BEtymology:\b \3Latin (as \J\Xcaptive\x)\j\c
<hw>capture</hw> \K/"kaptS\F'\n/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b take prisoner; seize as a prize. \Bb\b obtain by force or trickery.\p\B2\b portray in permanent form \3(could not capture the likeness).\c\p\B3\b \IPhysics\i absorb (a subatomic particle).\p\B4\b \IGames\i (in board games) make a move that secures the removal of (an opposing piece) from the board.\p\B5\b \IGeog\i (of a stream) divert the upper course of (another stream) by encroaching on its basin.\p\B6\b \IComputing\i cause (data) to be stored in a computer.\p\B7\b \IAstron.\i (of a star, planet, etc.) bring (a less massive body) permanently within its gravitational influence.\Ksense 7 new in COD9 f. NSOED, COD box Aug 93\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act of capturing.\p\B2\b a thing or person captured. \Bcapturer\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French from Latin \Icaptura,\i from \Icapere capt-\i 'take'\c
<hw>Capuchin</hw> \K/"kap(j)UtSIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IRelig\i a Franciscan friar of the new rule of 1529.\p\B2\b a cloak and hood formerly worn by women.\p\B3\b \B(capuchin)\b \Ba\b \IZool\i a monkey of the S. American genus \ICebus,\i with cowl-like hair on the head. \Bb\b a variety of pigeon with head and neck feathers resembling a cowl. \BEtymology:\b \3French from Italian \Icappuccino,\i via \Icappuccio\i 'cowl' from \Icappa\i \J\Xcape\x (1)\j\c
<hw>capybara</hw> \K/kapI"bA:r\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a very large semiaquatic rodent, Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris, native to S. America. \BEtymology:\b \3Tupi\c
<hw>car</hw> \K/kA:/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITransport\i\p\B1\b (in full \Bmotor car)\b a usu. four-wheeled road vehicle, able to carry a small number of people and powered by an internal-combustion engine.\p\B2\b \I(in \Bcomb.)\b\i \ITransport\i \Ba\b a wheeled vehicle, esp. of a specified kind \3(tramcar).\c \Bb\b \IRailways\i a railway carriage of a specified type \3(dining car).\c\p\B3\b \BN. Amer.\b \IRailways\i a railway carriage or van.\p\B4\b the passenger compartment of a lift, cableway, balloon, etc.\p\B5\b \Ipoet.\i a chariot. \Bcarful\b\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-fuls).\b \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Anglo-French & Old Northern French \Icarre,\i ultimately from Latin \Icarrum,\i \Icarrus,\i of Old Celtic origin\c
<hw>carabineer</hw> \K/kar\F'\nbI"nI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcarabinier)\b \IMil\i \Ihist.\i\p\B1\b a soldier whose principal weapon is a carbine.\p\B2\b \B(the Carabineers)\b the Royal Scots Dragoon Guards. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icarabinier\i from \Icarabine\i \J\Xcarbine\x\j\c
\B\Icarabiniere\b\i \K/kar\F'\nbIn"jE:ri/, Italian /karabi"njere/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B\Icarabinieri\b\i \Ipronunc.\i same) \ICriminol\i an Italian gendarme. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian, literally 'carabineer'\c
<hw>caracal</hw> \K/"kar\F'\nkal/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a lynx, Felis caracal, native to N. Africa and SW Asia. \BEtymology:\b \3French or Spanish from Turkish \Ikarakulak,\i from \Ikara\i 'black' + \Ikulak\i 'ear' (from its black ear-tufts)\c
<hw>caracara</hw> \K/kar\F'\n"kA:r\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i any of several mainly tropical American birds of prey related to falcons but resembling vultures. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish or Portuguese \Icaracarß,\i from Tupi-Guarani (imitative)\c\Knew from NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k
<hw>caracole</hw> \K/"kar\F'\nk\F'\nUl/\k \In. & v.\i \IRiding\i\p\In.\i\pa horse's half-turn to the right or left.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i (of a horse or its rider) perform a caracole.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i make (a horse) caracole. \BEtymology:\b \3French\c
<hw>carafe</hw> \K/k\F'\n"raf/, /-"rA:f/\k\p\In.\i\pa glass container for water or wine, esp. at a table or bedside. \BEtymology:\b \3French from Italian \Icaraffa,\i ultimately from Arabic \Igarrafa\i 'drinking vessel'\c
<hw>carambola</hw> \K/kar(\F'\n)m"b\F'\nUl\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b a small tree, Averrhoa carambola, native to SE Asia, bearing golden-yellow ribbed fruit.\p\B2\b this fruit; \Ialso called\i \Istar fruit.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Portuguese, probably from Marathi \Ikarambal\i\c
<hw>caramel</hw> \K/"kar\F'\nmEl/, /-m(\F'\n)l/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b sugar or syrup heated until it turns brown, then used as a flavouring or to colour spirits etc. \Bb\b a kind of soft toffee made with sugar, butter, etc., melted and further heated.\p\B2\b the light brown colour of caramel. \Iadj.\i of this colour.\Kadj. new f. corpus, SOED Oct 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3French from Spanish \Icaramelo\i\c
<hw>caramelize</hw> \K/"kar(\F'\n)m\F'\nlVIz/\k\p\Iv.\i\p(also \B-ise)\b \ICookery\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \Itr.\i convert (sugar or syrup) into caramel. \Bb\b \Iintr.\i (of sugar or syrup) be converted into caramel.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i coat or cook (food) with caramelized sugar or syrup. \Bcaramelization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>carangid</hw> \K/k\F'\n"randZId/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IZool\i \Iadj.\i of or relating to the large fish family Carangidae, including scads and pompanos.\p\In.\i\pa fish of this family. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \ICaranx,\i the genus name of a member + \J\X-id\x (3)\j\c\Knew from NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k
<hw>carapace</hw> \K/"kar\F'\npeIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i the hard upper shell of a tortoise or a crustacean. \BEtymology:\b \3French from Spanish \Icarapacho\i\c
<hw>carat</hw> \K/"kar\F'\nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i\p\B1\b a unit of weight for precious stones, now equivalent to 200 milligrams.\p\B2\b \B(US\b \Bkarat)\b a measure of purity of gold, pure gold being 24 carats. \BEtymology:\b \3French via Italian \Icarato\i from Arabic \Ikirat\i 'weight of four grains', from Greek \Ikeration\i 'fruit of the carob' (diminutive of \Ikeras\i 'horn')\c
<hw>caravan</hw> \K/"kar\F'\nvan/, /kar\F'\n"van/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \BBrit.\b a vehicle equipped for living in and usu. towed by a motor vehicle or a horse. \Bb\b \BN. Amer.\b a covered wagon or lorry.\Ksense 1b def. revised, F. Abate Oct 94\k\p\B2\b a company of merchants or pilgrims etc. travelling together, esp. across a desert in Asia or N. Africa.\p\B3\b a covered cart or carriage. \Iv.intr.\i \B(caravanned,\b \Bcaravanning)\b travel or live in a caravan. \Bcaravanner\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Icaravane\i from Persian \Ikarwan\i\c
<hw>caravanette</hw> \K/kar\F'\nva"nEt/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ITransport\i a motor vehicle with a caravan-like rear compartment for eating, sleeping, etc.
<hw>caravanserai</hw> \K/kar\F'\n"vans\F'\nrVI/, /-ri/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b also \Bcaravansary)\b an Eastern inn with a central court where caravans (see \J\Xcaravan\x 2)\j may rest. \BEtymology:\b \3Persian \Ikarwansaray\i from \Isaray\i 'palace'\c
<hw>caravan site</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcaravan park)\b \BBrit.\b a place where caravans are parked as dwellings, often with special amenities.
<hw>caravel</hw> \K/"kar\F'\nvEl/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcarvel\b \K/"kA:v(\F'\n)l/\k) \INaut\i \Ihist.\i a small light fast ship, chiefly Spanish and Portuguese of the 15th-17th c. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icaravelle\i via Portuguese \Icaravela\i from Greek \Ikarabos\i 'horned beetle, light ship'\c
<hw>caraway</hw> \K/"kar\F'\nweI/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i an umbelliferous plant, Carum carvi, bearing clusters of tiny white flowers. \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Icarui\i from Arabic \Ialkarawiya,\i perhaps from Greek \Ikaron,\i \Ikareon\i 'cumin'\c
<hw>caraway seed</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IFood\i the fruit of the caraway plant used as flavouring and as a source of oil.
<hw>carb</hw> \K/kA:b/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem Mech\i \Icolloq.\i a carburettor. \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation\c
<hw>carbamate</hw> \K/"kA:b\F'\nmeIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i a salt or ester of an amide of carbonic acid. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xcarbonic\x\j + \J\Xamide\x\j\c
<hw>carbide</hw> \K/"kA:bVId/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i a binary compound of carbon.
<hw>carbine</hw> \K/"kA:bVIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i a short firearm, usu. a rifle, originally for cavalry use. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icarabine\i (this form also earlier in English), weapon of the \Icarabin\i 'mounted musketeer'\c
<hw>carbohydrate</hw> \K/kA:b\F'\n"hVIdreIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiochem.\i any of a large group of energy-producing organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, e.g. starch, glucose, and other sugars.
<hw>carbolic</hw> \K/kA:"bQlIk/\k\p\In.\i\p(in full \Bcarbolic acid)\b \IChem\i phenol, esp. when used as a disinfectant. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xcarbo-\x\j + \J\X-ol\x (1)\j + \J\X-ic\x\j\c
<hw>car bomb</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICriminol\i a terrorist bomb concealed in or under a parked car.
<hw>carbon</hw> \K/"kA:b(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i\p\B1\b a non-metallic element occurring naturally as diamond, graphite, and charcoal, and in all organic compounds (symbol \BC).\b\Ksymb\k\p\B2\b \Ba\b = \J\Xcarbon copy\x 1.\j \Bb\b = \J\Xcarbon paper\x.\j\p\B3\b \IElectronics\i a rod of carbon in an arc lamp. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icarbone,\i from Latin \Icarbo -onis\i 'charcoal'\c
<hw>carbon-12</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i the commonest natural carbon isotope, of mass 12, used in calculations of atomic mass units.
<hw>carbon-14</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i a long-lived naturally occurring radioactive carbon isotope of mass 14, used in radiocarbon dating, and as a tracer in biochemistry.
<hw>carbonaceous</hw> \K/kA:b\F'\n"neIS\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i \IChem\i\p\B1\b consisting of or containing carbon.\p\B2\b of or like coal or charcoal.
<hw>carbonado</hw> \K/kA:b\F'\n"neId\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b \IMineral\i a dark opaque or impure kind of diamond used as an abrasive, for drills etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Portuguese\c
<hw>carbonate</hw> \K/"kA:b\F'\nneIt/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i a salt of carbonic acid. \Iv.tr.\i \IChem\i\p\B1\b impregnate with carbon dioxide; aerate.\p\B2\b convert into a carbonate. \Bcarbonation\b \K/-"neIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Icarbonat\i from modern Latin \Icarbonatum\i (as \J\Xcarbon\x)\j\c
<hw>carbon black</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i a fine carbon powder made by burning hydrocarbons in insufficient air.
<hw>carbon copy</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a copy made with carbon paper.\p\B2\b a person or thing identical or similar to another \3(is a carbon copy of his father).\c
<hw>carbon cycle</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBiol.\i the cycle in which carbon compounds are interconverted, usu. by living organisms.
<hw>carbon dating</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IArchaeol.\i the determination of the age of an organic object from the ratio of isotopes which changes as carbon-14 decays.
<hw>carbon dioxide</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i a colourless odourless gas occurring naturally in the atmosphere and formed by respiration. Chem. formula: CO2.\Kformula\k
<hw>carbon disulphide</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i a colourless liquid used as a solvent. Chem. formula: CS2.\Kformula\k
<hw>carbon fibre</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i a thin strong crystalline filament of carbon used as strengthening material in resins, ceramics, etc.
<hw>carboniferous</hw> \K/kA:b\F'\n"nIf(\F'\n)r\F'\ns/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IChem\i producing coal.\p\B2\b \B(Carboniferous)\b \IGeol.\i of or relating to the fifth period in the Palaeozoic era, with evidence of the first reptiles and extensive coal-forming swamp forests. Cf. Appendix X.\p\In.\i\p\B(Carboniferous)\b \IGeol.\i this period or system.
<hw>carbonize</hw> \K/"kA:b\F'\nnVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b \IChem\i\p\B1\b convert into carbon by heating.\p\B2\b reduce to charcoal or coke.\p\B3\b coat with carbon. \Bcarbonization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>carbon monoxide</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i a colourless odourless toxic gas formed by the incomplete burning of carbon. Chem. formula: CO.\Kformula\k
<hw>carbonnade</hw> \K/kA:b\F'\n"nA:d/, /-"neId/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i a rich beef stew made with onions and beer. \BEtymology:\b \3French\c
<hw>carbon paper</hw>\p\In.\i\pa thin carbon-coated paper used for making (esp. typed) copies.
<hw>carbon steel</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i \IMech\i a steel with properties dependent on the percentage of carbon present.
<hw>carbon tax</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IEcol.\i a proposed tax on the carbon emissions that result from burning fossil fuels (e.g. in motor vehicles) because of their contribution to the greenhouse effect.\Knew in COD9 f. OMED Aug 93\k
<hw>carbon tetrachloride</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i a colourless volatile liquid used as a solvent. Chem. formula: CCl4.\Kformula\k
<hw>carbonyl</hw> \K/"kA:b\F'\nnVIl/, /-nIl/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(used \Battrib.)\b\i \IChem.\i the divalent radical :C&b2.O.
<hw>carbonyl chloride</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i = \J\Xphosgene\x.\j\Knew f. OERD May 94\k
<hw>car boot sale</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b a usu. outdoor sale at which participants sell unwanted possessions from the boots of their cars or from tables.
<hw>carborundum</hw> \K/kA:b\F'\n"rVnd\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i a compound of carbon and silicon used esp. as an abrasive. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xcarbon\x\j + \J\Xcorundum\x\j\c
<hw>carboxyl</hw> \K/kA:"bQksVIl/, /-sIl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i the monovalent acid radical -COOH, present in most organic acids. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xcarbon\x\j + \J\Xoxygen\x\j + \J\X-yl\x\j\c
<hw>carboxylic acid</hw> \K/kA:bQk "sIlIk/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i an organic acid containing the carboxyl group. \Bcarboxylate\b \K/kA:"bQksI%leIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\Knew from NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k
<hw>carboy</hw> \K/"kA:bOI/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i a large globular glass bottle usu. protected by a frame, for containing esp. liquids. \BEtymology:\b \3Persian \Ikaraba\i 'large glass flagon'\c
<hw>carbuncle</hw> \K/"kA:bVNk(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMed\i a severe abscess in the skin.\p\B2\b \IMineral\i a bright red gem. \Bcarbuncular\b \K/-"bVNkjUl\F'\n/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icharbucle\i etc. from Latin \Icarbunculus\i 'small coal', from \Icarbo\i 'coal'\c
<hw>carburation</hw> \K/kA:bjU"reIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i the process of charging air with a spray of liquid hydrocarbon fuel, esp. in an internal-combustion engine. \BEtymology:\b \3as \J\Xcarburet\x\j\c
<hw>carburet</hw> \K/kA:bjU"rEt/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(carburetted,\b \Bcarburetting;\b \BUS\b \Bcarbureted,\b \Bcarbureting)\b \IChem Physics\i combine (a gas etc.) with carbon. \BEtymology:\b \3earlier \Icarbure\i via French from Latin \Icarbo\i (as \J\Xcarbon\x)\j\c
<hw>carburettor</hw> \K/kA:bjU"rEt\F'\n/, /-b\F'\n-/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcarburetter,\b \BUS\b \Bcarburetor)\b \IChem Mech\i an apparatus for carburation of petrol and air in an internal-combustion engine. \BEtymology:\b \3as \J\Xcarburet\x\j + \J\X-or\x (1)\j\c
<hw>carburize</hw> \K/"kA:bjUrVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b add carbon to (iron). \Bcarburization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3\Icarburet\i 'carbide' + \J\X-ize\x\j\c\Knew from NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k
<hw>carcass</hw> \K/"kA:k\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \BBrit.\b \Bcarcase)\b\p\B1\b \IAnat\i the dead body of an animal, esp. a trunk for cutting up as meat.\p\B2\b the bones of a cooked bird.\p\B3\b \Iderog.\i the human body, living or dead.\p\B4\b the skeleton or framework of a building, ship, etc.\p\B5\b worthless remains. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Anglo-French \Icarcois\i (Old French \Icharcois)\i and from French \Icarcasse:\i ultimate origin unknown\c
<hw>carcass meat</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IFood\i raw meat as distinct from corned or tinned meat.
<hw>carcinogen</hw> \K/kA:"sIn\F'\ndZ(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i any substance that causes cancer. \BEtymology:\b \3as \J\Xcarcinoma\x\j + \J\X-gen\x\j\c
<hw>carcinogenesis</hw> \K/%kA:s(I)n\F'\n"dZEnIsIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i the production of cancer.
<hw>carcinogenic</hw> \K/%kA:s(I)n\F'\n"dZEnIk/\k \Iadj.\i \IMed\i tending to cause cancer. \Bcarcinogenicity\b \K/-"nIsIti/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>carcinoma</hw> \K/kA:sI"n\F'\nUm\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bcarcinomata\b \K/-t\F'\n/\k or \Bcarcinomas)\b \IMed\i a cancer, esp. one arising in epithelial tissue. \Bcarcinomatous\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin from Greek \Ikarkinoma,\i from \Ikarkinos\i 'crab'\c
<hw>car coat</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IClothing\i a short coat designed esp. for car drivers.
<hw>Card.</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IRelig\i Cardinal.
<hw>card (1)</hw> \K/kA:d/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b thick stiff paper or thin pasteboard.\p\B2\b \Ba\b a flat piece of this, esp. for writing or printing on. \Bb\b = \J\Xpostcard\x.\j \Bc\b a card used to send greetings, issue an invitation, etc. \3(birthday card).\c \Bd\b = \J\Xvisiting card\x.\j \Be\b = \J\Xbusiness card\x.\j \Bf\b a ticket of admission or membership etc.\p\B3\b \ICards\i \Ba\b = \J\Xplaying card\x.\j \Bb\b a similar card in a set designed for particular games, e.g. happy families. \Bc\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i card-playing; a card game.\p\B4\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i an employee's documents, esp. for tax and national insurance, held by the employer.\p\B5\b \Ba\b a programme of events at a race meeting etc. \Bb\b \ICricket\i a scorecard. \Bc\b a list of holes on a golf course, on which a player's scores are entered.\p\B6\b \Icolloq.\i a person, esp. an odd or amusing one \3(what a card!;\c \2a knowing card).\c\p\B7\b a plan or expedient \3(sure card).\c\p\B8\b a printed or written notice, set of rules, etc., for display.\p\B9\b \Ba\b a small rectangular piece of plastic issued by a bank, building society, etc., with personal (often machine-readable) data on it, used chiefly to obtain cash or credit \3(cheque card;\c \2credit card;\c \2do you have a card?).\c \Bb\b a similar piece of plastic, e.g. a phonecard, sold or issued for various purposes.\K9b new f. AW May 94\k\p\B10\b \IElectronics\i a printed circuit board.\Ksense 10 new f. OERD, NSOED May 94\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b fix to a card.\p\B2\b write on a card, esp. for indexing.\p\1ask for (or get) one's cards\c \BBrit.\b ask (or be told) to leave one's employment.\p\1card up one's sleeve\c \BBrit.\b a plan in reserve; a hidden advantage.\p\1on ( \BN. Amer.\b in) the cards\c possible or likely.\p\1put (or lay) one's cards on the table\c reveal one's resources, intentions, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icarte\i and Latin \Icharta\i from Greek \Ikhartes\i 'papyrus leaf'\c
<hw>card (2)</hw> \K/kA:d/\k \In. & v.\i \ITextiles\i\p\In.\i\pa toothed instrument, wire brush, etc., for raising a nap on cloth or for disentangling fibres before spinning. \Iv.tr.\i brush, comb, cleanse, or scratch with a card. \Bcarder\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icarde\i from Provenτal \Icarda,\i from \Icardar\i 'tease, comb', ultimately from Latin \Icarere\i 'to card'\c
<hw>cardamom</hw> \K/"kA:d\F'\nm\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcardamum)\b \IBot\i\p\B1\b an aromatic SE Asian plant, Elettaria cardamomum.\p\B2\b the seed capsules of this used as a spice. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icardamomum\i or French \Icardamome\i from Greek \Ikardamomon,\i from \Ikardamon\i 'cress' + \Iamomon\i the name of a spice plant\c
<hw>cardan joint</hw> \K/"kA:d(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IEngin.\i a universal joint. \BEtymology:\b \3named after G. \ICardano,\i Italian mathematician d. 1576\c
<hw>cardan shaft</hw> \K/"kA:d(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IEngin.\i a shaft with a universal joint at one or both ends.
<hw>cardboard</hw> \K/"kA:dbO:d/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\ppasteboard or stiff paper, esp. for making cards or boxes. \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b made of cardboard.\p\B2\b flimsy, insubstantial.
<hw>cardboard city</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ISociol.\i an urban area where homeless people make shelters at night from cardboard boxes etc.\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED, OMED Aug 93\k
<hw>card-carrying</hw> \Iattrib.adj.\i \IPolit\i registered as a member (esp. of a political party or trade union).
<hw>card game</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICards\i a game in which playing cards are used.
<hw>cardholder</hw> \K/"kA:dh\F'\nUld\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i the holder of a credit card.\Knew f. corpus Sep 93\k
<hw>cardiac</hw> \K/"kA:dIak/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i \IAnat\i\p\B1\b of or relating to the heart.\p\B2\b of or relating to the part of the stomach nearest the oesophagus.\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i \Icolloq.\i a person with heart disease. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icardiaque\i or Latin \Icardiacus\i from Greek \Ikardiakos,\i from \Ikardia\i 'heart'\c
<hw>cardigan</hw> \K/"kA:dIg(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IClothing\i a knitted jacket fastening down the front, usu. with long sleeves. \BEtymology:\b \3named after the 7th Earl of \ICardigan\i (d. 1868), whose troops first wore such garments during the Crimean war\c
<hw>cardinal</hw> \K/"kA:d(I)n(\F'\n)l/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b (as a title \BCardinal)\b \IRC Ch\i a leading dignitary of the Roman Catholic Church, one of the college electing the Pope.\p\B2\b \IZool\i any American songbird of the subfamily Cardinalinae, esp. the common Cardinalis cardinalis, the male of which has scarlet plumage.\p\B3\b \Ihist.\i a woman's cloak, originally of scarlet cloth with a hood. \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b chief, fundamental; on which something hinges.\p\B2\b of deep scarlet (like a cardinal's cassock). \Bcardinalate\b \K/-leIt/\k\p\In.\i\p(in sense 1 of \In.).\i \Bcardinally\b \Iadv.\i \Bcardinalship\b\p\In.\i\p(in sense 1 of \In.).\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Icardinalis,\i from \Icardo -inis\i 'hinge': in English first applied to the four virtues on which conduct 'hinges'\c
<hw>cardinal flower</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i the scarlet lobelia.
<hw>cardinal number</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMath\i a number denoting quantity (one, two, three, etc.), as opposed to an ordinal number (first, second, third, etc.).\KAug 92 as POD8 aaw\k
<hw>cardinal point</hw>\p\In.\i\peach of the four main points of the compass (N., S., E., W.).
<hw>cardinal virtue</hw>\p\In.\i\peach of the chief moral attributes (originally of scholastic philosophy): justice, prudence, temperance, and fortitude.
<hw>card index</hw> \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\pan index in which each item is entered on a separate card. \Iv.tr.\i \B(card-index)\b make a card index of.
<hw>cardiogram</hw> \K/"kA:dI\F'\n(U)gram/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a record of muscle activity within the heart, made by a cardiograph.
<hw>cardiograph</hw> \K/"kA:dI\F'\n(U)grA:f/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i an instrument for recording heart muscle activity, e.g an electrocardiograph. \Bcardiographer\b \K/-"Qgr\F'\nf\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bcardiography\b \K/-"Qgr\F'\nfi/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>cardioid</hw> \K/"kA:dIOId/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMath.\i a heart-shaped curve traced by a point on the circumference of a circle as it rolls around another identical circle.\p\B2\b \ISci\i a directional microphone with a pattern of sensitivity of this shape. \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of the shape of a cardioid.\p\B2\b (of a microphone) having a cardioid pattern of sensitivity. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ikardioeides\i 'heart-shaped', from \Ikardia\i 'heart' + \J\X-oid\x\j\c\Knew from NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k
<hw>cardiology</hw> \K/kA:dI"Ql\F'\ndZi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i the branch of medicine concerned with diseases and abnormalities of the heart. \Bcardiologist\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>cardiomyopathy</hw> \K/%kA:dI\F'\nUmVI"Qp\F'\nTi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed.\i chronic disease of the heart muscle.\Knew from NSOED, COll. Oct 93\k
<hw>cardiopulmonary</hw> \K/%kA:dI\F'\nU"pVlm\F'\nn(\F'\n)ri/\k \Iadj.\i \IMed.\i of or relating to the heart and the lungs.\Knew from NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k
<hw>cardiovascular</hw> \K/%kA:dI\F'\n(U)"vaskjUl\F'\n/\k \Iadj.\i \IMed\i of or relating to the heart and blood vessels.
<hw>cardoon</hw> \K/kA:"du:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a thistle-like plant, Cynara cardunculus, allied to the globe artichoke, with leaves used as a vegetable. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icardon,\i ultimately from Latin \Icardu(u)s\i 'thistle'\c
<hw>cardphone</hw> \K/"kA:df\F'\nUn/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ITelephony\i a public telephone operated by the insertion of a prepaid plastic machine-readable card instead of money.
<hw>card-playing</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICards\i the playing of card games.
<hw>card-sharp</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcard-sharper)\b \ICards\i a swindler at card games.
<hw>card table</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICards\i a table for card-playing, esp. a folding one.
<hw>card vote</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IPolit\i a block vote, esp. in trade-union meetings.
<hw>care</hw> \K/kE:/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b worry, anxiety.\p\B2\b an occasion for this.\p\B3\b serious attention; heed, caution, pains \3(assembled with care;\c \2handle with care).\c\p\B4\b \Ba\b protection, charge. \Bb\b \BBrit.\b = \J\Xchildcare\x.\j\p\B5\b a thing to be done or seen to. \Iv.intr.\i\p\B1\b \I(usu. foll. by \Babout,\b \Bfor,\b \Bwhether,\b \Bif,\b etc.)\i feel concern, interest, or emotion.\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bfor,\b \Babout,\b and with neg. expressed or implied)\i feel liking, regard, or deference \3(don't care for jazz;\c \2don't care about what he thinks).\c\p\B3\b \I(foll. by \Bfor\b or \Bto\b + infin.)\i wish or be willing \3(more times than I care to count;\c \2would you care for a cup of coffee?).\c\p\Bcare for\b provide for; look after.\p\1care of\c at the address of \3(sent it care of his sister).\c\p\1for all one cares\c \Icolloq.\i denoting uninterest or unconcern \3(for all I care they can leave tomorrow;\c \2I could be dying for all you care).\c\p\1have a care\c take care; be careful.\p\1I etc. couldn't \B(US\b also could) care less\c \Icolloq.\i an expression of complete indifference.\p\1in care\c \BBrit.\b (of a child) taken into the care of a local authority.\p\1take care\c\p\B1\b be careful.\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bto\b + infin.)\i not fail or neglect.\p\1take care of\c\p\B1\b look after; keep safe.\p\B2\b deal with.\p\B3\b dispose of. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Icaru,\i \Icarian,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>careen</hw> \K/k\F'\n"ri:n/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \INaut\i turn (a ship) on one side for cleaning, caulking, or repair.\p\B2\b \Ba\b \Iintr.\i tilt; lean over. \Bb\b \Itr.\i cause to do this.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i \BN. Amer.\b swerve about; career. \Bcareenage\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3earlier as noun, = careened position of ship, from French \IcarΦne\i from Italian \Icarena\i from Latin \Icarina\i 'keel'\c Sense 3 of \Icareen\i is influenced by \Icareer\i (v.).
<hw>career</hw> \K/k\F'\n"rI\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b one's advancement through life, esp. in a profession. \Bb\b the progress through history of a group or institution.\p\B2\b a profession or occupation, esp. as offering advancement.\p\B3\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i \Ba\b pursuing or wishing to pursue a career \3(career woman).\c \Bb\b working permanently in a specified profession \3(career diplomat).\c\p\B4\b swift course; impetus \3(in full career).\c \Iv.intr.\i\p\B1\b move or swerve about wildly.\p\B2\b go swiftly. \BEtymology:\b \3in earlier use, a racecourse or road: French \IcarriΦre\i via Italian \Icarriera\i from a Romanic word meaning 'carriage-road', ultimately from Latin \Icarrus\i \J\Xcar\x\j\c
<hw>careerist</hw> \K/k\F'\n"rI\F'\nrIst/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\pa person predominantly concerned with personal advancement in a career, esp. by unscrupulous means. \Iadj.\i intent on such advancement.\Kadj. new f. OERD, NSOED May 94\k \Bcareerism\b\p\In.\i\p\K-ism new in COD9 f. NSOED Aug 93\k
<hw>career structure</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i a recognized pattern of advancement within a job or profession.\Knew in COD9 f. NEWS, NSOED, corpus Feb 94\k
<hw>carefree</hw> \K/"kE:fri:/\k \Iadj.\i free from anxiety or responsibility; light-hearted. \Bcarefreeness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>careful</hw> \K/"kE:fUl/, /-f(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b painstaking, thorough.\p\B2\b cautious.\p\B3\b done with care and attention.\p\B4\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bthat\b + clause,\i or \I\Bto\b + infin.)\i taking care; not neglecting.\p\B5\b \I(foll. by \Bfor,\b \Bof)\b\i concerned for; taking care of. \Bcarefully\b \Iadv.\i \Bcarefulness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Icarful\i (as \J\Xcare\x,\j \J\X-ful\x)\j\c
<hw>caregiver</hw> \K/"kE:gIv\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pa person who regularly cares for a child or for an elderly or disabled person (cf. \J\Xcarer\x).\j\Knew f. Incs, corpus Oct 94\k
<hw>care label</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IClothing\i a label attached to clothing, with instructions for washing etc.
<hw>careless</hw> \K/"kE:lIs/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b not taking care or paying attention.\p\B2\b unthinking, insensitive.\p\B3\b done without care; inaccurate.\p\B4\b light-hearted.\p\B5\b \I(foll. by \Bof)\b\i not concerned about; taking no heed of.\p\B6\b effortless; casual. \Bcarelessly\b \Iadv.\i \Bcarelessness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Icarleas\i (as \J\Xcare\x,\j \J\X-less\x)\j\c
<hw>carer</hw> \K/"kE:r\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ISociol\i a person who cares for a sick or elderly person, esp. a relative at home.
<hw>caress</hw> \K/k\F'\n"rEs/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b touch or stroke gently or lovingly; kiss.\p\B2\b treat fondly or kindly.\p\In.\i\pa loving or gentle touch or kiss. \Bcaressingly\b \Iadv.\i\Knew f. corpus Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icaresse\i \I(n.),\i \Icaresser\i \I(v.),\i from Italian \Icarezza,\i ultimately from Latin \Icarus\i 'dear'\c
<hw>caret</hw> \K/"kar\F'\nt/\k\p\In.\i\pa mark (&caret2., ^) indicating a proposed insertion in printing or writing. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = is lacking\c\Kcer\k
<hw>caretaker</hw> \K/"kE:teIk\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person employed to look after something, esp. a house in the owner's absence, or \BBrit.\b a public building.\p\B2\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i exercising temporary authority \3(caretaker government).\c
<hw>careworn</hw> \K/"kE:wO:n/\k \Iadj.\i showing the effects of prolonged worry.
<hw>carfare</hw> \K/"kA:fE:/\k\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b \ITransport\i a passenger's fare to travel by public transport.
<hw>cargo</hw> \K/"kA:g\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-oes\b or \B-os)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b goods carried on a ship or aircraft. \Bb\b a load of such goods.\p\B2\b \BUS\b \Ba\b goods carried in a motor vehicle. \Bb\b a load of such goods.\K1b and 2b new in COD9 f. Wordfinder Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish, = Old French \Icharge\i from Late Latin \Icar(ri)care:\i see \J\Xcharge\x\j\c
<hw>cargo cult</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAnthropol\i (originally in the Pacific Islands) a belief in the forthcoming arrival of ancestral spirits bringing cargoes of food and other goods.
<hw>carhop</hw> \K/"kA:hQp/\k\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b \Icolloq.\i a waiter at a drive-in restaurant.
<hw>Carib</hw> \K/"karIb/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPeople\i an aboriginal inhabitant of the southern W. Indies or the adjacent coasts.\p\B2\b \ILanguage\i the language of the Caribs. \Iadj.\i of or relating to the Caribs or their language. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish \ICaribe\i from Haitian Creole\c
<hw>Caribbean</hw> \K/karI"bi:\F'\nn/, /k\F'\n"rIbI\F'\nn/\k \In. & adj.\i \IGeog\i\p\In.\i\pthe part of the Atlantic between the southern W. Indies and Central America. \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of or relating to this region.\p\B2\b of the Caribs or their language or culture.
<hw>caribou</hw> \K/"karIbu:/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i same) \IZool\i a N. American reindeer. \BEtymology:\b \3Canadian French, from Micmac \I\Fg\nalipu\i literally 'snow-shoveller'\c
<hw>caricature</hw> \K/"karIk\F'\ntjU\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a grotesque usu. comic representation of a person by exaggeration of characteristic traits, in a picture, writing, or mime.\p\B2\b a ridiculously poor or absurd imitation or version. \Iv.tr.\i make or give a caricature of. \Bcaricatural\b \Iadj.\i \Bcaricaturist\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French from Italian \Icaricatura,\i from \Icaricare\i 'load, exaggerate' (as \J\Xcharge\x)\j\c
<hw>caries</hw> \K/"kE:ri:z/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i same) \IMed Dentistry\i decay and crumbling of a tooth or bone. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin\c
<hw>carillon</hw> \K/"karIlj\F'\nn/, /-lQn/, /k\F'\n"rIlj\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMus\i\p\B1\b a set of bells sounded either from a keyboard or mechanically.\p\B2\b a tune played on bells.\p\B3\b an organ stop imitating a peal of bells. \BEtymology:\b \3French from Old French \Iquarregnon\i 'peal of four bells', alteration of Romanic \Iquaternio\i from Latin \Iquattuor\i 'four'\c
<hw>carina</hw> \K/k\F'\n"rVIn\F'\n/, /-"ri:-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiol.\i \IAnat\i a keel-shaped structure, esp. the ridge of a bird's breastbone. \Bcarinal\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = keel\c
<hw>carinate</hw> \K/"karIneIt/, /-\F'\nt/\k \Iadj.\i \IZool\i (of a bird) having a keeled breastbone \I(opp.\i \J\Xratite\x).\j \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icarinatus\i 'keeled' from \Icarina\i 'keel'\c
<hw>caring</hw> \K/"kE:rIN/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b kind, humane.\p\B2\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i concerned with looking after the sick, elderly, or disabled \3(caring professions).\c
<hw>carioca</hw> \K/karI"\F'\nUk\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \IDancing\i a Brazilian dance resembling the samba. \Bb\b \IMus\i the music for this.\p\B2\b \IPeople\i a native of Rio de Janeiro. \BEtymology:\b \3Portuguese\c
<hw>carjacking</hw> \K/"kA:dZakIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICriminol.\i the hijacking of a car. \Bcarjack\b \Iv.tr.\i \Bcarjacker\b\p\In.\i\p\Knew in COD9 f. Incomings Aug 93\k
<hw>carking</hw> \K/"kA:kIN/\k \Iadj.\i \Iarchaic\i burdensome \3(carking care).\c \BEtymology:\b \3part. of obsolete verb \Icark\i 'worry, burden', via Old Northern French \Icarkier\i from Romanic, related to \J\Xcharge\x\j\c
<hw>carl</hw> \K/kA:l/\k\p\In.\i\p\BSc.\b a man; a fellow. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English from Old Norse \Ikarl,\i related to \J\Xchurl\x\j\c
<hw>carline</hw> \K/"kA:lIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a thistle-like plant of the genus \ICarlina,\i esp. C. vulgaris. \BEtymology:\b \3French from medieval Latin \Icarlina,\i perhaps for \Icardina\i (Latin \Icarduus\i 'thistle'), associated with \ICarolus Magnus\i 'Charlemagne', to whom its medicinal properties were said to have been revealed\c
<hw>carload</hw> \K/"kA:l\F'\nUd/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a quantity that can be carried in a car.\p\B2\b \BUS\b \ICommerce\i the minimum quantity of goods for which a lower rate is charged for transport.
<hw>Carmelite</hw> \K/"kA:mIlVIt/\k \In. & adj.\i \IRelig\i\p\In.\i\pa friar or nun of a contemplative order dedicated to Our Lady of Mount Carmel. \Iadj.\i of or relating to the Carmelites. \BEtymology:\b \3French \ICarmelite\i or medieval Latin \Icarmelita,\i from Mount \ICarmel\i in Palestine, where the order was founded in the 12th c.\c
<hw>carminative</hw> \K/"kA:mIn\F'\ntIv/, /kA:"mIn\F'\ntIv/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IPharm\i \Iadj.\i relieving flatulence.\p\In.\i\pa carminative drug. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icarminatif -ive,\i or medieval Latin \Icarminare\i 'heal (by incantation)': related to \J\Xcharm\x\j\c
<hw>carmine</hw> \K/"kA:mVIn/, /-mIn/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i of a vivid crimson colour.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b this colour.\p\B2\b \IDyeing\i a vivid crimson pigment made from cochineal. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icarmin\i or medieval Latin \Icarminium,\i ultimately from Arabic \Ikirmiz\i \J\Xkermes\x\j\c
<hw>carnage</hw> \K/"kA:nIdZ/\k\p\In.\i\pgreat slaughter, esp. of human beings in battle. \BEtymology:\b \3French via Italian \Icarnaggio\i and medieval Latin \Icarnaticum\i from Latin \Icaro carnis\i 'flesh'\c
<hw>carnal</hw> \K/"kA:n(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of the body or flesh; worldly.\p\B2\b sensual, sexual. \Bcarnality\b \K/-"nalIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bcarnalize\b \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise).\b \Bcarnally\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Late Latin \Icarnalis,\i from \Icaro carnis\i 'flesh'\c
<hw>carnal knowledge</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Iesp. Law\i sexual intercourse.\Kcarnal knowledge denested Sep 94\k
<hw>carnassial</hw> \K/kA:"nasI\F'\nl/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IZool\i \Iadj.\i (of a carnivore's upper premolar and lower molar teeth) adapted for shearing flesh; sectorial.\p\In.\i\psuch a tooth. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icarnassier\i 'carnivorous'\c
<hw>carnation (1)</hw> \K/kA:"neIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a cultivated variety of clove pink, with variously coloured showy flowers.\Kflower sense omitted Sept 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3origin uncertain: in 16th c. varying with \Icoronation;\i perhaps ultimately from a misreading of Arabic \Ikaranful\i 'clove, clove pink', from Greek \Ikaryophyllon\i\c
<hw>carnation (2)</hw> \K/kA:"neIS(\F'\n)n/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\pa rosy pink colour. \Iadj.\i of this colour. \BEtymology:\b \3French from Italian \Icarnagione,\i ultimately from Latin \Icaro carnis\i 'flesh'\c
<hw>carnauba</hw> \K/kA:"nO:b\F'\n/, /-"naUb\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b a fan palm, Copernicia cerifera, native to NE Brazil; \Ialso called\i \J\Xwax palm\x.\j\p\B2\b (in full \Bcarnauba wax)\b the yellowish wax exuded by the leaves of this tree and used as a polish etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Portuguese from Tupi\c
<hw>carnelian</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xcornelian\x.\j
<hw>carnet</hw> \K/"kA:neI/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i\p\B1\b a customs permit to take a motor vehicle across a frontier for a limited period.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b a permit allowing use of a campsite. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = notebook\c
<hw>carnival</hw> \K/"kA:nIv(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \IRelig\i the festivities usual during the period before Lent in Roman Catholic countries. \Bb\b a festival usu. occurring at a regular date and involving a procession.\p\B2\b merrymaking, revelry, or a period of such revelry.\p\B3\b \BN. Amer.\b a travelling funfair or circus. \Bcarnivalesque\b \K/-"lEsk/\k \Iadj.\i\Kcarnivalesque new f. Incs, corpus, NSOED Oct 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Italian \Icarne-,\i \Icarnovale\i via medieval Latin \Icarnelevarium\i etc. 'Shrovetide' from Latin \Icaro carnis\i 'flesh' + \Ilevare\i 'put away'\c
<hw>carnivore</hw> \K/"kA:nIvO:/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool\i \Ba\b any mammal of the order Carnivora, with powerful jaws and teeth adapted for stabbing, tearing, and eating flesh, including cats, dogs, and bears. \Bb\b any other flesh-eating animal.\p\B2\b \IBot\i a carnivorous plant. \BEtymology:\b \3French, from Latin \Icarnivorus\i \J\Xcarnivorous\x\j\c
<hw>carnivorous</hw> \K/kA:"nIv(\F'\n)r\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IZool\i (of an animal) feeding on flesh.\p\B2\b \IBot\i (of a plant) digesting trapped insects or other animal substances.\p\B3\b \IZool\i of or relating to the order Carnivora. \Bcarnivorously\b \Iadv.\i \Bcarnivorousness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icarnivorus\i from \Icaro carnis\i 'flesh' + \J\X-vorous\x\j\c
<hw>carob</hw> \K/"kar\F'\nb/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b (in full \Bcarob tree)\b an evergreen tree, Ceratonia siliqua, native to the Mediterranean, bearing edible pods.\p\B2\b its bean-shaped edible seed pod, sometimes used as a substitute for chocolate. \BEtymology:\b \3obsolete French \Icarobe\i via medieval Latin \Icarrubia,\i \I-um\i from Arabic \Ikarruba\i\c
<hw>carol</hw> \K/"kar(\F'\n)l/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i a joyous song, esp. a Christmas hymn.\p\Iv.\i\p\B(carolled,\b \Bcarolling;\b \BUS\b \Bcaroled,\b \Bcaroling)\b\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \IRelig\i sing carols, esp. outdoors at Christmas.\p\B2\b \Itr. & intr.\i sing joyfully. \Bcaroller\b\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Bcaroler).\b \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Icarole,\i \Icaroler,\i of unknown origin\c
<hw>Carolina duck</hw> \K/kar\F'\n"lVIn\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a duck of N. American woodland, Aix sponsa.\Knew f. OEDAdd, corresp. April 94\k
<hw>Caroline</hw> \K/"kar\F'\nlVIn/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b (also \BCarolean\b \K/-"li:\F'\nn/\k) of the time of Charles I or II of England.\p\B2\b = \J\XCarolingian\x \Iadj.\i 2.\j \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \ICarolus\i 'Charles'\c
<hw>Carolingian</hw> \K/kar\F'\n"lIndZI\F'\nn/\k \Iadj. & n.\i (also \BCarlovingian\b \K/%kA:l\F'\n"vIndZI\F'\nn/\k) \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IPolit\i of or relating to the second Frankish dynasty, founded by Charlemagne (d. 814).\p\B2\b \ICalligraphy\i of a style of script developed in France at the time of Charlemagne.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a member of the Carolingian dynasty.\p\B2\b the Carolingian style of script. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icarlovingien\i from \IKarl\i 'Charles', on the pattern of \ImΘrovingien\i (see \J\XMerovingian\x),\j influenced by Latin \ICarolus\i\c
<hw>carol-singing</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IRelig.\i the singing of carols, esp. by groups who go from door to door at Christmas with the object of raising money. \Bcarol-singer\b\p\In.\i\p\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED Aug 93\k
<hw>carom</hw> \K/"kar\F'\nm/\k \In. & v.\i \BN. Amer.\b \IBilliards\i\p\In.\i\pa cannon. \Iv.intr.\i\p\B1\b make a carom.\p\B2\b \I(usu. foll. by \Boff)\b\i strike and rebound. \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation of \Icarambole\i from Spanish \Icarambola\i\c
<hw>carotene</hw> \K/"kar\F'\nti:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiochem\i an orange or red plant pigment found in carrots etc. and acting as a source of vitamin A. \BEtymology:\b \3German \ICarotin,\i from Latin \Icarota\i \J\Xcarrot\x\j\c
<hw>carotenoid</hw> \K/k\F'\n"rQtInOId/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiochem\i any of a class of mainly yellow, orange, or red fat-soluble pigments, including carotene, giving colour to plant parts, e.g. ripe tomatoes, autumn leaves, etc.
<hw>carotid</hw> \K/k\F'\n"rQtId/\k \In. & adj.\i \IAnat\i\p\In.\i\peach of the two main arteries carrying blood to the head and neck. \Iadj.\i of or relating to either of these arteries. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icarotide\i or modern Latin \Icarotides\i from Greek \Ikarotides\i (pl.), from \Ikaroo\i 'stupefy' (compression of these arteries being thought to cause stupor)\c
<hw>carouse</hw> \K/k\F'\n"raUz/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.intr.\i\p\B1\b have a noisy or lively drinking party.\p\B2\b drink heavily.\p\In.\i\pa noisy or lively drinking party. \Bcarousal\b\p\In.\i\p\Bcarouser\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3originally as \Iadv.\i = right out, in the phrase \Idrink carouse\i from German \Igar aus trinken\i\c
<hw>carousel</hw> \K/kar\F'\n"sEl/, /-"zEl/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \BN. Amer.\b a merry-go-round or roundabout.\p\B2\b a rotating delivery or conveyor system, esp. for passengers' luggage at an airport.\p\B3\b \Ihist.\i a kind of equestrian tournament. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icarrousel\i from Italian \Icarosello\i\c
<hw>carp (1)</hw> \K/kA:p/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i same) \IZool\i any freshwater fish of the family Cyprinidae, esp. Cyprinus carpio, often bred for use as food. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icarpe\i from Provenτal or from Late Latin \Icarpa\i\c
<hw>carp (2)</hw> \K/kA:p/\k \Iv.intr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bat)\b\i find fault; complain pettily. \Bcarper\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3obsolete Middle English senses 'talk, say, sing' from Old Norse \Ikarpa\i 'to brag': modern sense from or influenced by Latin \Icarpere\i 'pluck at, slander'\c
<hw>carpaccio</hw> \K/kA:"patSI\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFood\i an Italian delicacy based on thin slices of raw meat or fish.\Knew f. Incs Oct 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Italian\c
<hw>carpal</hw> \K/"kA:p(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IAnat\i \Iadj.\i of or relating to the bones in the wrist.\p\In.\i\pany of the bones forming the wrist. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xcarpus\x\j + \J\X-al\x\j\c
<hw>car park</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Besp. Brit.\b \ITransport\i an area for parking cars.
<hw>carpel</hw> \K/"kA:p(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot.\i \IAnat\i the female reproductive organ of a flower, consisting of a stigma, style, and ovary. \Bcarpellary\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icarpelle\i or modern Latin \Icarpellum\i from Greek \Ikarpos\i 'fruit'\c
<hw>carpenter</hw> \K/"kA:p(\F'\n)nt\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i \ICarpentry\i\p\In.\i\pa person skilled in woodwork, esp. of a structural kind \I(cf.\i \J\Xjoiner\x).\j\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i do carpentry.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i make by means of carpentry.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \I(often foll. by \Btogether)\b\i construct; fit together. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English & Anglo-French \Icarpenter,\i Old French \Icarpentier\i from Late Latin \Icarpentarius\i \I(artifex)\i 'carriage(-maker)', from \Icarpentum\i 'wagon' from Gaulish\c
<hw>carpenter ant</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool.\i any large ant of the genus \ICamponotus,\i which bores into wood to nest.
<hw>carpenter bee</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool.\i any of various solitary bees which bore into wood.
<hw>carpentry</hw> \K/"kA:p(\F'\n)ntri/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICarpentry\i\p\B1\b the work or occupation of a carpenter.\p\B2\b woodwork made by a carpenter. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Icarpenterie\i from \Icarpentier\i \J\Xcarpenter\x\j\c
<hw>carpet</hw> \K/"kA:pIt/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b thick fabric for covering a floor or stairs. \Bb\b a usu. large rug.\p\B2\b an expanse or layer resembling a carpet in being smooth, soft, bright, or thick \3(carpet of snow).\c \Iv.tr.\i \B(carpeted,\b \Bcarpeting)\b\p\B1\b cover with or as with a carpet.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i reprimand, reprove.\p\1on the carpet\c\p\B1\b \Icolloq.\i being reprimanded.\p\B2\b under consideration.\p\1sweep under the carpet\c conceal (a problem or difficulty) in the hope that it will be forgotten. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icarpite\i or medieval Latin \Icarpita,\i from obsolete Italian \Icarpita\i 'woollen counterpane', ultimately from Latin \Icarpere\i 'pluck, pull to pieces'\c
<hw>carpet-bag</hw>\p\In.\i\pa travelling bag of a kind originally made of carpet-like material.
<hw>carpet-bagger</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Besp. N. Amer.\b \IPolit\i a political candidate in an area where the candidate has no local connections (originally a northerner in the southern US after the Civil War).\p\B2\b an unscrupulous opportunist.
<hw>carpet beetle</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a small beetle of the genus \IAnthrenus,\i whose larvae are destructive to carpets and other materials.\Knew fron NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k
<hw>carpeting</hw> \K/"kA:pItIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b material for carpets.\p\B2\b carpets collectively.
<hw>carpet layer</hw>\p\In.\i\pa person who lays carpets for a living.\Knew in COD9 f. News, corpus Aug 93\k
<hw>carpet slipper</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IClothing\i a kind of slipper with the upper made originally of carpet-like material.
<hw>carpet sweeper</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ITools\i a household implement with a revolving brush or brushes for sweeping carpets.
<hw>car phone</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ITelephony\i a radio-telephone for use in a motor vehicle.
<hw>carpology</hw> \K/kA:"pQl\F'\ndZi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i the study of the structure of fruit and seeds. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ikarpos\i 'fruit'\c
<hw>carport</hw> \K/"kA:pO:t/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBuilding\i a shelter with a roof and open sides for a car, usu. beside a house.
<hw>carpus</hw> \K/"kA:p\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bcarpi\b \K/-pVI/\k) \IAnat\i the small bones between the forelimb and metacarpus in terrestrial vertebrates, forming the wrist in humans. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin, from Greek \Ikarpos\i 'wrist'\c
<hw>carr</hw> \K/kA:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IEcol\i\p\B1\b a marsh or fen, esp. overgrown with shrubs or reclaimed as meadowland.\p\B2\b a marshy copse, esp. of alders. \BEtymology:\b \3Old Norse \Ikjarr\i 'brushwood'\c\Knew from NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k
<hw>carrack</hw> \K/"kar\F'\nk/\k\p\In.\i\p\INaut\i \Ihist.\i a large armed merchant ship. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via French \Icaraque\i and Spanish \Icarraca\i from Arabic \Ikarakir\i\c
<hw>carrageen</hw> \K/"kar\F'\ngi:n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcarragheen)\b \IBot\i an edible red seaweed, Chondrus crispus, of the northern hemisphere. \IAlso called\i \IIrish moss.\i \BEtymology:\b \3origin uncertain: perhaps from Irish \Icosßinφn carraige\i 'carrageen', literally 'little stem of the rock'\c
<hw>carrageenan</hw> \K/kar\F'\n"gi:n\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiochem\i a mixture of polysaccharides extracted from red and purple seaweeds and used as a thickening or emulsifying agent in food products. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xcarrageen\x\j + \I-an\i chemical suffix\c\Knew from NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k
<hw>carrel</hw> \K/"kar(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a small cubicle for a reader in a library.\p\B2\b \IRelig\i \Ihist.\i a small enclosure or study in a cloister. \BEtymology:\b \3Old French \Icarole,\i medieval Latin \Icarola,\i of unknown origin\c
<hw>carriage</hw> \K/"karIdZ/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b \IRailways\i a railway passenger vehicle.\p\B2\b \ITransport\i a wheeled passenger vehicle, esp. one with four wheels and pulled by horses.\p\B3\b \BBrit.\b \Ba\b the conveying of goods. \Bb\b the cost of this \3(carriage paid).\c\p\B4\b \IMech\i the part of a machine (e.g. a typewriter) that carries other parts into the required position.\p\B5\b \IMil\i a gun carriage.\p\B6\b a manner of carrying oneself; one's bearing or deportment. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old Northern French \Icariage,\i from \Icarier\i \J\Xcarry\x\j\c
<hw>carriage and pair</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ITransport\i a carriage with two horses pulling it.
<hw>carriage clock</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IHorol\i a portable clock in a rectangular case with a handle on top.
<hw>carriage dog</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a dalmatian. \BEtymology:\b \3formerly trained to run behind a carriage as a guard dog\c
<hw>carriageway</hw> \K/"karIdZweI/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ITransport\i the part of a road intended for vehicles.
<hw>carrick bend</hw> \K/"karIk bEnd/\k\p\In.\i\p\INaut.\i a kind of knot used to join ropes. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xbend\x (2):\j \Icarrick\i perhaps from \J\Xcarrack\x\j\c
<hw>carrier</hw> \K/"karI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person or thing that carries.\p\B2\b a person or company undertaking to convey goods or passengers for payment.\p\B3\b \BBrit.\b = \J\Xcarrier bag\x.\j\p\B4\b \ITransport\i a part of a bicycle etc. for carrying luggage or a passenger.\p\B5\b \IMed\i a person or animal that may transmit a disease or a hereditary characteristic without suffering from or displaying it.\p\B6\b \INaut\i = \J\Xaircraft carrier\x.\j\p\B7\b a substance used to support or convey a pigment, a catalyst, radioactive material, etc.\p\B8\b \IPhysics\i a mobile electron or hole that carries a charge in a semiconductor.\p\B9\b \IBiochem.\i a molecule that transfers another molecule or ion, esp. across a cell membrane.\Ksense 9 new f. OERD Sept 94\k
<hw>carrier bag</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b a disposable plastic or paper bag with handles.
<hw>carrier pigeon</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ISport\i a pigeon trained to carry messages tied to its neck or leg.
<hw>carrier wave</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i a high-frequency electromagnetic wave modulated in amplitude or frequency to convey a signal.
<hw>carriole</hw> \K/"karI\F'\nUl/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcariole)\b \ITransport\i\p\B1\b a small open carriage for one.\p\B2\b a covered light cart.\p\B3\b a Canadian sledge. \BEtymology:\b \3French from Italian \Icarriuola,\i diminutive of \Icarro\i \J\Xcar\x\j\c
<hw>carrion</hw> \K/"karI\F'\nn/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b dead putrefying flesh.\p\B2\b something vile or filthy. \Iadj.\i rotten, loathsome. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Anglo-French & Old Northern French \Icaroine,\i \I-oigne,\i Old French \Icharoigne,\i ultimately from Latin \Icaro\i 'flesh'\c
<hw>carrion crow</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a black crow, Corvus corone, native to Europe, feeding mainly on carrion.
<hw>carrot</hw> \K/"kar\F'\nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBot\i \Ba\b an umbelliferous plant, Daucus carota, with a tapering orange-coloured root. \Bb\b \IFood\i this root as a vegetable.\p\B2\b a means of enticement or persuasion (frequently opposed to \Istick).\i\p\B3\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \Islang\i a red-haired person. \Bcarroty\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icarotte\i via Latin \Icarota\i from Greek \Ikaroton\i\c
<hw>carry</hw> \K/"kari/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B(-ies,\b \B-ied)\b\p\B1\b \Itr.\i support or hold up, esp. while moving.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i convey with one from one place to another.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i have on one's person \3(carry a watch).\c\p\B4\b \Itr.\i conduct or transmit \3(pipe carries water;\c \2wire carries electric current).\c\p\B5\b \Itr.\i take (a process etc.) to a specified point \3(carry into effect;\c \2carry a joke too far).\c\p\B6\b \Itr.\i \I(foll. by \Bto)\b\i continue or prolong \3(carry modesty to excess).\c\p\B7\b \Itr.\i involve, imply; have as a feature or consequence \3(carries a two-year guarantee;\c \2principles carry consequences).\c\p\B8\b \Itr.\i (in reckoning) transfer (a figure) to a column of higher value.\p\B9\b \Itr.\i hold in a specified way \3(carry oneself erect).\c\p\B10\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b \IJournalism\i (of a newspaper or magazine) publish; include in its contents, esp. regularly. \Bb\b \IBroadcasting\i (of a radio or television station) broadcast, esp. regularly.\p\B11\b \Itr.\i (of a retailing outlet) keep a regular stock of (particular goods for sale) \3(have stopped carrying that brand).\c\p\B12\b \Iintr.\i \Ba\b (of sound, esp. a voice) be audible at a distance. \Bb\b \IMil\i (of a missile) travel, penetrate.\p\B13\b \Itr.\i \IMil\i (of a gun etc.) propel to a specified distance.\p\B14\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b win victory or acceptance for (a proposal etc.). \Bb\b win acceptance from \3(carried the audience with them).\c \Bc\b win, capture (a prize, a fortress, etc.). \Bd\b \BUS\b \IPolit\i gain (a state or district) in an election. \Be\b \IGolf\i cause the ball to pass beyond (a bunker etc.).\p\B15\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b endure the weight of; support \3(columns carry the dome).\c \Bb\b be the chief cause of the effectiveness of; be the driving force in \3(you carry the sales department).\c\p\B16\b \Itr.\i be pregnant with \3(is carrying twins).\c\p\B17\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b (of a motive, money, etc.) cause or enable (a person) to go to a specified place. \Bb\b (of a journey) bring (a person) to a specified point.\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b an act of carrying.\p\B2\b \IGolf\i the distance a ball travels before reaching the ground.\p\B3\b a portage between rivers etc.\p\B4\b \IMil\i the range of a gun etc.\p\1carry all before one\c gain complete success; overcome all opposition.\p\Bcarry away\b\p\B1\b remove.\p\B2\b inspire; affect emotionally or spiritually.\p\B3\b deprive of self-control \3(got carried away).\c\p\B4\b \INaut.\i \Ba\b lose (a mast etc.) by breakage. \Bb\b break off or away.\p\Bcarry back\b take (a person) back in thought to a past time.\p\1carry one's bat\c \ICricket\i be not out at the end of a side's completed innings.\p\1carry the can\c \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i bear the responsibility or blame.\p\1carry conviction\c be convincing.\p\1carry the day\c be victorious or successful.\p\Bcarry forward\b transfer to a new page or account.\p\1carry it off\c (or \Bcarry it off well)\b do well under difficulties.\p\Bcarry off\b\p\B1\b take away, esp. by force.\p\B2\b win (a prize).\p\B3\b (esp. of a disease) kill.\p\B4\b render acceptable or passable.\p\Bcarry on\b\p\B1\b continue \3(carry on eating;\c \2carry on, don't mind me).\c\p\B2\b engage in (a conversation or a business).\p\B3\b \Icolloq.\i behave strangely or excitedly.\p\B4\b \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i flirt or have a love affair.\p\B5\b advance (a process) by a stage.\p\Bcarry out\b put (ideas, instructions, etc.) into practice.\p\Bcarry over\b\p\B1\b = \Icarry forward.\i\p\B2\b postpone (work etc.).\p\B3\b \IStock Exch.\i keep over to the next settling day.\p\Bcarry through\b\p\B1\b complete successfully.\p\B2\b bring safely out of difficulties.\p\1carry weight\c be influential or important.\p\1carry with one\c bear in mind. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Anglo-French & Old Northern French \Icarier\i (as \J\Xcar\x)\j\c
<hw>carry-all</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a light carriage \I(cf.\i \J\Xcarriole\x).\j\p\B2\b \BUS\b a car with seats placed sideways.\p\B3\b \BN. Amer.\b a large bag or case.
<hw>carrycot</hw> \K/"karIkQt/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b a portable cot for a baby.
<hw>carrying capacity</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the quantity of people, things, etc., which can be conveyed by a vehicle, container, etc.\p\B2\b \IEcol.\i the number of people, animals, or crops which a region can support without environmental degradation.\Knew from NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k
<hw>carryings-on</hw> \In.pl.\i (also \Bcarrying-on)\b = \J\Xcarry-on\x.\j\KAug 92 as POD8 exc for variant aaw\k
<hw>carrying trade</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i the conveying of goods from one country to another by water or air as a business.
<hw>carry-on</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \Islang\i\p\B1\b a state of excitement or fuss.\p\B2\b a questionable piece of behaviour.\p\B3\b a flirtation or love affair.
<hw>carry-over</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b something carried over.\p\B2\b \IStock Exch.\i postponement to the next settling day.
<hw>carse</hw> \K/kA:s/\k\p\In.\i\p\BSc.\b \IGeog\i fertile lowland beside a river. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, perhaps from \Icarrs\i 'swamps'\c
<hw>carsick</hw> \K/"kA:sIk/\k \Iadj.\i \IMed\i affected with nausea caused by the motion of a car. \Bcarsickness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>cart</hw> \K/kA:t/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\ITransport\i\p\B1\b a strong vehicle with two or four wheels for carrying loads, usu. drawn by a horse.\p\B2\b a light vehicle for pulling by hand.\p\B3\b a light vehicle with two wheels for driving in, drawn by a single horse.\p\B4\b \BUS\b (in full \Bshopping cart)\b a supermarket trolley.\Ksense 4 new in COD9 f. Incomings, DJT Aug 93\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b convey in or as in a cart.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i carry (esp. a cumbersome thing) with difficulty or over a long distance \3(carted it all the way home).\c\p\Bcart off\b remove, esp. by force.\p\1in the cart\c \BBrit.\b \Islang\i in trouble or difficulty.\p\1put the cart before the horse\c\p\B1\b reverse the proper order or procedure.\p\B2\b take an effect for a cause. \Bcarter\b\p\In.\i\p\Bcartful\b\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-fuls).\b \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old Norse \Ikartr\i cart (= Old English \Icrµt),\i probably influenced by Anglo-French & Old Northern French \Icarete,\i diminutive of \Icarre\i \J\Xcar\x\j\c
<hw>cartage</hw> \K/"kA:tIdZ/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i the price paid for carting.
<hw>carte</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xquart\x 4.\j
<hw>carte blanche</hw> \K/kA:t "blA:nS/\k\p\In.\i\pfull discretionary power given to a person. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = blank paper\c
<hw>cartel</hw> \K/kA:"tEl/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ICommerce\i an informal association of manufacturers or suppliers to maintain prices at a high level, and control production, marketing arrangements, etc.\p\B2\b \IPolit\i a political combination between parties. \Bcartelize\b \K/"kA:t(\F'\n)lVIz/\k \Iv.tr. & intr.\i (also \B-ise).\b \BEtymology:\b \3in earlier use = a written challenge or agreement: German \IKartell\i via French \Icartel\i from Italian \Icartello,\i diminutive of \Icarta\i \J\Xcard\x (1)\j\c
<hw>Cartesian</hw> \K/kA:"ti:zj\F'\nn/, /-Z(\F'\n)n/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IPhilos\i \Iadj.\i of or relating to R. Descartes, 17th-c. French philosopher and mathematician.\p\In.\i\pa follower of Descartes. \BCartesianism\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \ICartesianus\i from \ICartesius,\i Latinized form of the name of \IDescartes\i\c
<hw>Cartesian coordinates</hw> \In.pl.\i \IMath\i a system for locating a point by reference to its distance from two or three axes intersecting at right angles.
<hw>carthorse</hw> \K/"kA:thO:s/\k\p\In.\i\pa thickset horse suitable for heavy work.
<hw>Carthusian</hw> \K/kA:"Tju:zI\F'\nn/\k \In. & adj.\i \IRelig\i\p\In.\i\pa monk or nun of an austere contemplative order founded by St Bruno in 1084. \Iadj.\i of or relating to this order. \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \ICarthusianus\i from Latin \ICart(h)usia\i 'Chartreuse', near Grenoble, where the order was founded\c
<hw>cartilage</hw> \K/"kA:t(I)lIdZ/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnat\i a firm flexible connective tissue forming the infant skeleton, which is mainly replaced by bone in adulthood; gristle. \Bcartilaginoid\b \K/-"ladZInOId/\k \Iadj.\i \Bcartilaginous\b \K/-"ladZIn\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French, from Latin \Icartilago -ginis\i\c
<hw>cartilaginous fish</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a fish of the class Selachii, with a skeleton of cartilage rather than bone, e.g. a shark, a ray.\Knew from NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k
<hw>cartload</hw> \K/"kA:tl\F'\nUd/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMeasure\i\p\B1\b an amount filling a cart.\p\B2\b a large quantity of anything.
<hw>cartogram</hw> \K/"kA:t\F'\ngram/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeog\i a map with diagrammatic statistical information. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icartogramme\i from \Icarte\i 'map, card'\c
<hw>cartography</hw> \K/kA:"tQgr\F'\nfi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeog\i the science or practice of map-drawing. \Bcartographer\b\p\In.\i\p\Bcartographic\b \K/-t\F'\n"grafIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Bcartographical\b \K/-t\F'\n"grafIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icartographie\i from \Icarte\i 'map, card'\c
<hw>cartomancy</hw> \K/"kA:t\F'\nmansi/\k\p\In.\i\pfortune-telling by interpreting a random selection of playing cards. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icartomancie\i from \Icarte\i \J\Xcard\x (1)\j\c
<hw>carton</hw> \K/"kA:t(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\pa light box or container, esp. one made of cardboard. \BEtymology:\b \3French (as \J\Xcartoon\x)\j\c
<hw>cartoon</hw> \K/kA:"tu:n/\k \In. & v.\i \IArt\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a humorous drawing in a newspaper, magazine, etc., esp. as a topical comment.\p\B2\b a sequence of drawings, often with speech indicated, telling a story.\p\B3\b a filmed sequence of drawings using the technique of animation.\p\B4\b a full-size drawing on stout paper as an artist's preliminary design for a painting, tapestry, mosaic, etc.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i draw a cartoon of.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i draw cartoons. \Bcartoonish\b \Iadj.\i\K-ish new f. corpus, SOED Sep 93\k \Bcartoonist\b\p\In.\i\p\Bcartoony\b \Iadj.\i\K-y new f. corpus Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Italian \Icartone\i from \Icarta\i \J\Xcard\x (1)\j\c
<hw>cartoon strip</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IArt\i = \J\Xcomic strip\x.\j\Knew f. corpus Sep 93\k
<hw>cartouche</hw> \K/kA:"tu:S/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \IArchit.\i a scroll-like ornament, e.g. the volute of an Ionic capital. \Bb\b a tablet imitating, or a drawing of, a scroll with rolled-up ends, used ornamentally or bearing an inscription. \Bc\b an ornate frame.\p\B2\b \IArchaeol.\i \IEgyptol.\i an oval ring enclosing Egyptian hieroglyphs, usu. representing the name and title of a king. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = cartridge, from Italian \Icartoccio,\i from \Icarta\i \J\Xcard\x (1)\j\c
<hw>cartridge</hw> \K/"kA:trIdZ/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMil\i a casing containing a charge of propelling explosive for firearms or blasting, with the addition of a bullet or shot if for small arms.\p\B2\b a spool of film, magnetic tape, etc., in a sealed container ready for insertion.\p\B3\b \IElectronics\i a component carrying the stylus on the pick-up head of a record player.\p\B4\b an ink-container for insertion in a pen or in a laser or ink-jet printer. \BEtymology:\b \3corruption of \J\Xcartouche\x\j (but recorded earlier)\c
<hw>cartridge belt</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i a belt with pockets or loops for cartridges \I(see\i \J\Xcartridge\x 1).\j
<hw>cartridge paper</hw>\p\In.\i\pthick rough paper used for cartridges, for drawing, and for strong envelopes.
<hw>cart track</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ITransport\i a track or road too rough for ordinary vehicles.\Kcart-road omitted Aug 93\k
<hw>cartwheel</hw> \K/"kA:twi:l/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ITransport\i the (usu. spoked) wheel of a cart.\p\B2\b \IGymnastics\i a circular sideways handspring with the arms and legs extended.
<hw>cartwright</hw> \K/"kA:trVIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i a maker of carts.
<hw>caruncle</hw> \K/"kar\F'\nNk(\F'\n)l/, /k\F'\n"rVN-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool.\i a fleshy excrescence, e.g. a turkeycock's wattles or the red prominence at the inner angle of the eye.\p\B2\b \IBot.\i an outgrowth from a seed near the micropyle. \Bcaruncular\b \K/-kjUl\F'\n/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3obsolete French from Latin \Icaruncula,\i from \Icaro carnis\i 'flesh'\c
<hw>carve</hw> \K/kA:v/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i produce or shape (a statue, representation in relief, etc.) by cutting into a hard material \3(carved a figure out of rock;\c \2carved it in wood).\c\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b cut patterns, designs, letters, etc. in (hard material). \Bb\b \I(foll. by \Binto)\b\i form a pattern, design, etc., from \3(carved it into a bust).\c \Bc\b \I(foll. by \Bwith)\b\i cover or decorate (material) with figures or designs cut in it.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \I(also \Babsol.)\b\i cut (meat etc.) into slices for eating.\p\Bcarve out\b\p\B1\b take from a larger whole.\p\B2\b establish (a career etc.) purposefully \3(carved out a name for themselves).\c\p\Bcarve up\b\p\B1\b divide into several pieces; subdivide (territory etc.).\p\B2\b drive aggressively into the path of (another vehicle).\Ksense 2 new in COD9 f. POD Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iceorfan\i 'cut', from West Germanic\c
<hw>Carver</hw> \K/"kA:v\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BUS\b \IFurniture\i a chair with arms, a rush seat, and a back having horizontal and vertical spindles. \BEtymology:\b \3named after J. \ICarver,\i first governor of Plymouth Colony, d. 1621, for whom a prototype was allegedly made\c
<hw>carver</hw> \K/"kA:v\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person who carves.\p\B2\b \Ba\b a carving knife. \Bb\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i a knife and fork for carving.\p\B3\b \BBrit.\b \IFurniture\i the principal chair, with arms, in a set of dining chairs, intended for the person who carves. Note the distinction between sense 3 of \Icarver\i and \ICarver.\i
<hw>carvery</hw> \K/"kA:v\F'\nri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \Besp. Brit.\b \IFood\i a buffet or restaurant with cooked joints displayed, and carved as required, in front of customers.
<hw>carve-up</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \Islang\i a sharing-out, esp. of spoils.
<hw>carving</hw> \K/"kA:vIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\IArt\i a carved object, esp. as a work of art.
<hw>carving knife</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ITools\i a knife with a long blade, for carving meat.
<hw>car wash</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an establishment containing equipment for washing vehicles automatically.\p\B2\b the equipment itself.\Knew in COD9 f. News Aug 93\k
<hw>caryatid</hw> \K/karI"atId/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bcaryatides\b \K/-di:z/\k or \Bcaryatids)\b \IArchit.\i a pillar in the form of a draped female figure, supporting an entablature. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icaryatide\i from Italian \Icariatide\i or their Latin source, from Greek \Ikaruatis -idos\i 'priestess at Caryae' \I(Karuai)\i in Laconia\c
<hw>caryopsis</hw> \K/karI"QpsIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bcaryopses\b \K/-si:z/\k) \IBot.\i \IAnat\i a dry one-seeded indehiscent fruit, as in wheat and maize. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin, from Greek \Ikaruon\i 'nut' + \Iopsis\i 'appearance'\c
<hw>Casanova</hw> \K/kas\F'\n"n\F'\nUv\F'\n/, /-z-/\k\p\In.\i\pa man notorious for seducing women. \BEtymology:\b \3G. J. \ICasanova\i de Seingalt, Italian adventurer d. 1798\c
<hw>casbah</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xkasbah\x.\j
<hw>cascade</hw> \K/kas"keId/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a small waterfall, esp. forming one in a series or part of a large broken waterfall.\p\B2\b a mass or quantity (of material, hair, etc.) in descending waves. \Ka process of disseminating information from senior to junior levels in an organization omitted Oct 94\k\p\B3\b \I(foll. by \Bof)\b\i a succession (of notes, ideas, etc.).\Ksense 3 new f. corpus, Inc. Oct 94\k\p\B4\b \Ba\b \ISci\i a process consisting of a series of similar stages with a cumulative effect. \Bb\b \IElectr. etc.\i a succession of devices, events, etc., each of which triggers or initiates the next.\Ksenses 4a and 4b form a revision of sense 2 Oct 94\k \Iv.intr.\i fall in or like a cascade. \BEtymology:\b \3French from Italian \Icascata,\i from \Icascare\i 'to fall', ultimately from Latin \Icasus:\i see \J\Xcase\x (1)\j\c
<hw>cascara</hw> \K/ka"skA:r\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p(in full \Bcascara sagrada\b \K/s\F'\n"grA:d\F'\n/\k) \IBot Pharm\i the bark of a Californian buckthorn, Rhamnus purshiana, used as a purgative. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish, = sacred bark\c
<hw>case (1)</hw> \K/keIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an instance of something occurring.\p\B2\b a state of affairs, hypothetical or actual.\p\B3\b \IMed Sociol\i \Ba\b an instance of a person receiving professional guidance or treatment, e.g. from a doctor or social worker. \Bb\b this person or the circumstances involved.\p\B4\b a matter under official investigation, esp. by the police.\p\B5\b \ILaw\i \Ba\b a cause or suit for trial. \Bb\b a statement of the facts in a cause sub judice, drawn up for a higher court's consideration \3(judge states a case).\c \Bc\b a cause that has been decided and may be cited \3(leading case).\c\p\B6\b \Ba\b the sum of the arguments on one side, esp. in a lawsuit \3(that is our case).\c \Bb\b a set of arguments, esp. in relation to persuasiveness \3(have a good case;\c \2have a weak case).\c \Bc\b a valid set of arguments \3(have no case).\c\p\B7\b \IGram.\i \Ba\b the relation of a word to other words in a sentence. \Bb\b a form of a noun, adjective, or pronoun expressing this.\p\B8\b \Icolloq.\i a comical person.\p\B9\b one's position or circumstances \3(in our case).\c\p\1as the case may be\c according to the situation.\p\1in any case\c whatever the truth is; whatever may happen; what's more.\p\1in case\c\p\B1\b in the event that; if.\p\B2\b lest; in provision against a stated or implied possibility \3(take an umbrella in case it rains;\c \2took it in case).\c\p\1in case of\c in the event of.\p\1in the case of\c as regards.\p\1in no case\c under no circumstances.\p\1in that case\c if that is true; should that happen.\p\1is (or is not) the case\c is (or is not) so. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English in the sense 'a thing that befalls': via Old French \Icas\i from Latin \Icasus\i 'fall', from \Icadere cas-\i 'to fall'\c
<hw>case (2)</hw> \K/keIs/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a container or covering serving to enclose or contain.\p\B2\b a container with its contents.\p\B3\b the outer protective covering of a watch, book, seed vessel, sausage, etc.\p\B4\b \BBrit.\b an item of luggage, esp. a suitcase.\p\B5\b \IPrinting\i a partitioned receptacle for type.\p\B6\b a glass box for showing specimens, curiosities, etc. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b enclose in a case.\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bwith)\b\i surround.\p\B3\b (esp. in phr. \Bcase the joint)\b \ICriminol\i \Islang\i reconnoitre (a house etc.), esp. with a view to robbery. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icasse,\i \Ichasse\i from Latin \Icapsa,\i from \Icapere\i 'hold'\c
<hw>casebook</hw> \K/"keIsbUk/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILaw Med\i a book containing a record of legal or medical cases.
<hw>case-bound</hw> \Iadj.\i \IBookbinding\i (of a book) in a hard cover.
<hw>case-harden</hw> \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \IMetallurgy\i harden the surface of, esp. give a steel surface to (iron) by carbonizing.\p\B2\b make callous.
<hw>case history</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i information about a person for use in professional treatment, e.g. by a doctor.
<hw>casein</hw> \K/"keIsi:n/, /-sIIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiochem\i the main protein in milk, which occurs in coagulated form in cheese, and is used in plastics, adhesives, paint, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icaseus\i 'cheese'\c
<hw>case knife</hw>\p\In.\i\pa knife carried in a sheath.
<hw>case law</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i the law as established by the outcome of former cases \I(cf.\i \J\Xcommon law\x,\j \J\Xstatute law\x).\j
<hw>caseload</hw> \K/"keIsl\F'\nUd/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i the cases with which a doctor etc. is concerned at one time.
<hw>casemate</hw> \K/"keIsmeIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IArchit\i a chamber in the thickness of the wall of a fortress, with embrasures.\p\B2\b \IMil\i an armoured enclosure for guns on a warship. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icasemate\i & Italian \Icasamatta\i or Spanish \I-mata,\i from \Icamata,\i perhaps from Greek \Ikhasma -atos\i 'gap'\c
<hw>casement</hw> \K/"keIsm(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IArchit\i a window or part of a window hinged vertically to open like a door.\p\B2\b \Ipoet.\i a window. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Anglo-Latin \Icassimentum,\i from \Icassa\i \J\Xcase\x (2)\j\c
<hw>case of conscience</hw>\p\In.\i\pa matter in which one's conscience has to decide a conflict of principles.
<hw>case-shot</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i\p\B1\b bullets in an iron case fired from a cannon.\p\B2\b shrapnel.
<hw>case study</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ISociol\i\p\B1\b an attempt to understand a person, institution, etc., from collected information.\p\B2\b a record of such an attempt.\p\B3\b the use of a particular instance as an exemplar of general principles.
<hw>casework</hw> \K/"keIsw\F'\n:k/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISociol\i social work concerned with individuals, esp. involving understanding of the client's family and background. \Bcaseworker\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>cash (1)</hw> \K/kaS/\k \In. & v.\i \IEcon\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b money in coins or notes, as distinct from cheques or orders.\p\B2\b (also \Bcash down)\b money paid as full payment at the time of purchase, as distinct from credit.\p\B3\b \Icolloq.\i wealth. \Iv.tr.\i give or obtain cash for (a note, cheque, etc.).\p\Bcash in\b\p\B1\b obtain cash for.\p\B2\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bon)\b\i \Icolloq.\i profit (from); take advantage (of).\p\B3\b pay into a bank etc.\p\B4\b (in full \Bcash in one's checks)\b \Icolloq.\i die.\p\Bcash up\b \BBrit.\b count and check cash takings at the end of a day's trading. \Bcashable\b \Iadj.\i \Bcashless\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3in earlier use = a box for money: obsolete French \Icasse\i 'box' or Italian \Icassa,\i from Latin \Icapsa\i \J\Xcase\x (2)\j\c
<hw>cash (2)</hw> \K/kaS/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i same) \ICurrency\i \Ihist.\i any of various small coins of China or the E. Indies. \BEtymology:\b \3Portuguese \Ica(i)xa\i via Tamil \Ikasu\i from Sanskrit \Ikarsha,\i influenced by \J\Xcash\x (1)\j\c
<hw>cash and carry</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i\p\B1\b a system of wholesaling in which goods are paid for in cash and taken away by the purchaser.\p\B2\b a store where this system operates.
<hw>cash book</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IFinance\i a book in which receipts and payments of cash are recorded.
<hw>cash box</hw>\p\In.\i\pa box for keeping cash in.\Knew f. SOED, corpus Sep 93\k
<hw>cash card</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IEcon\i a plastic card (see \J\Xcard\x (1)\p\In.\i\p9a)\j which enables the holder to draw money from a cash dispenser.
<hw>cash cow</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i \Icolloq.\i a business, or part of one, that provides a steady cash flow.\Knew in COD9 f. NEWS, corpus Aug 93\k
<hw>cash crop</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAgriculture\i a crop produced for sale, not for use as food etc.
<hw>cash desk</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i a counter or compartment in a shop where goods are paid for.
<hw>cash dispenser</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IBanking\i an automatic machine from which customers of a bank etc. may withdraw cash, esp. by using a cash card.
<hw>cashew</hw> \K/"kaSu:/, /k\F'\n"Su:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b (also \Bcashew tree)\b a bushy evergreen tree, Anacardium occidentale, native to Central and S. America, bearing kidney-shaped nuts attached to fleshy fruits.\p\B2\b (in full \Bcashew nut)\b \IFood\i the edible nut of this tree. \BEtymology:\b \3Portuguese from Tupi \I(a)caju\i\c
<hw>cashew apple</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IFood\i the edible fleshy fruit of the cashew tree.
<hw>cash flow</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i the movement of money into and out of a business, as a measure of profitability, or as affecting liquidity.
<hw>cashier (1)</hw> \K/ka"SI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i a person dealing with cash transactions in a shop, bank, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Dutch \Icassier\i or French \Icaissier\i (as \J\Xcash\x (1))\j\c
<hw>cashier (2)</hw> \K/k\F'\n"SI\F'\n/, /ka-/\k \Iv.tr.\i \IMil\i dismiss from service, esp. from the armed forces with disgrace. \BEtymology:\b \3Flemish \Ikasseren\i 'disband, revoke' via French \Icasser\i from Latin \Iquassare\i \J\Xquash\x\j\c
<hw>cashmere</hw> \K/kaS"mI\F'\n/, /"kaSmI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool Textiles\i\p\B1\b a fine soft wool, esp. that of a breed of Himalayan goat.\p\B2\b a material made from this. \BEtymology:\b \3\IKashmir\i in Asia\c
<hw>cash on delivery</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i a system of paying the carrier for goods when they are delivered.
<hw>cash register</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i a machine in a shop etc. with a drawer for money, recording the amount of each sale, totalling receipts, etc.
<hw>casing</hw> \K/"keIsIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a protective or enclosing cover or shell.\p\B2\b the material for this.
<hw>casino</hw> \K/k\F'\n"si:n\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b a public room or building for gambling. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian, diminutive of \Icasa\i 'house', from Latin \Icasa\i 'cottage'\c
<hw>cask</hw> \K/kA:sk/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a large barrel-like container made of wood, metal, or plastic, esp. one for alcoholic liquor.\p\B2\b its contents.\p\B3\b its capacity. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icasque\i or Spanish \Icasco\i 'helmet'\c
<hw>casket</hw> \K/"kA:skIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a small often ornamental box or chest for jewels, letters, etc.\p\B2\b \Ba\b \BBrit.\b a small wooden box for cremated ashes. \Bb\b \BN. Amer.\b a coffin, esp. a rectangular one. \BEtymology:\b \3perhaps from Anglo-French form of Old French \Icassette\i from Italian \Icassetta,\i diminutive of \Icassa,\i from Latin \Icapsa\i \J\Xcase\x (2)\j\c
<hw>casque</hw> \K/kA:sk/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMil\i \Ihist.\i or \Ipoet.\i a helmet.\p\B2\b \IZool.\i \IAnat\i a helmet-like structure, e.g. the process on the bill of the cassowary. \BEtymology:\b \3French from Spanish \Icasco\i\c
<hw>Cassandra</hw> \K/k\F'\n"sandr\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pa prophet of disaster, esp. one who is disregarded. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin from Greek \IKassandra,\i the name of a daughter of Priam King of Troy: she was condemned by Apollo to prophesy correctly but not be believed\c
<hw>cassata</hw> \K/k\F'\n"sA:t\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFood\i a type of ice cream containing candied or dried fruit and nuts. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian\c
<hw>cassation</hw> \K/k\F'\n"seIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMus.\i an informal instrumental composition of the 18th c., similar to a divertimento and originally often for outdoor performance. \BEtymology:\b \3German \IKassation\i 'serenade' from Italian \Icassazione\i\c
<hw>cassava</hw> \K/k\F'\n"sA:v\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBot\i \Ba\b any plant of the genus \IManihot\i (spurge family), esp. the cultivated varieties M. esculenta \B(bitter cassava)\b and M. dulcis \B(sweet cassava),\b having starchy tuberous roots. \Bb\b the roots themselves.\p\B2\b a starch or flour obtained from these roots. \IAlso called\i \Imanioc.\i \ISee also\i \J\Xtapioca\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3Taino \Icasavi,\i influenced by French \Icassave\i\c
<hw>Cassegrain telescope</hw> \K/"kasIgreIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IOptics Physics\i a reflecting telescope in which light reflected from a convex secondary mirror passes through a hole in the primary mirror.\Knew f. OERD Sept 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3named after N. \ICassegrain,\i 17th-cent. French scientist, who devised it\c
<hw>casserole</hw> \K/"kas\F'\nr\F'\nUl/\k \In. & v.\i \ICookery\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a covered dish, usu. of earthenware or glass, in which food is cooked, esp. slowly in the oven.\p\B2\b food cooked in a casserole. \Iv.tr.\i cook in a casserole. \BEtymology:\b \3French from \Icassole,\i diminutive of \Icasse,\i via Provenτal \Icasa\i and Late Latin \Icattia\i 'ladle, pan' from Greek \Ikuathion,\i diminutive of \Ikuathos\i 'cup'\c
<hw>cassette</hw> \K/k\F'\n"sEt/\k\p\In.\i\pa sealed case containing a length of tape, ribbon, etc., ready for insertion in a machine, esp.:\p\B1\b \IElectronics\i a length of audiotape or videotape wound on to spools, ready for insertion in a tape recorder or video recorder.\p\B2\b \IPhotog\i a length of photographic film, ready for insertion in a camera. \BEtymology:\b \3French, diminutive of \Icasse\i \J\Xcase\x (2)\j\c
<hw>cassette deck</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IElectronics\i a tape deck for playing and recording audio cassettes.\Knew f. SOED, corpus May 94\k
<hw>cassette player</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IElectronics\i a tape recorder for playing back audio cassettes.\Knew f. corpus, SOED May 94\k
<hw>cassette recorder</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IElectronics\i a tape recorder for recording and playing back audio cassettes.\Knew f. SOED, corpus May 94\k
<hw>cassette tape</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IElectronics\i a cassette of esp. audiotape.\Knew f. corpus May 94\k
<hw>cassia</hw> \K/"kasI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b (also \Bcassia tree)\b any tree of the genus \ICassia,\i bearing leaves from which senna is extracted.\p\B2\b \IFood\i the cinnamon-like bark of this tree used as a spice. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin via Greek \Ikasia\i from Hebrew \Ikesε'ah\i 'bark like cinnamon'\c
<hw>cassingle</hw> \K/ka"sINg(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMus.\i \Icolloq.\i an audio cassette containing a single piece of (usu. popular) music on each side.\Knew in COD9 f. NEWS Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3portmanteau word from \J\Xcassette\x\j + \J\Xsingle\x\j\c
<hw>cassis</hw> \K/ka"si:s/, /"kasIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IDrink\i a syrupy usu. alcoholic blackcurrant flavouring for drinks etc. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = blackcurrant\c
<hw>cassiterite</hw> \K/k\F'\n"sIt\F'\nrVIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMineral\i a naturally occurring ore of tin dioxide, from which tin is extracted. \IAlso called\i \Itinstone.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ikassiteros\i 'tin'\c
<hw>cassock</hw> \K/"kas\F'\nk/\k\p\In.\i\p\IEccl\i a full-length usu. black or red garment worn by clergy, members of choirs, etc. \Bcassocked\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icasaque\i 'long coat' from Italian \Icasacca\i 'horseman's coat', probably from Turkic \Ikazak:\i see \J\XCossack\x\j\c
<hw>cassoulet</hw> \K/"kasUleI/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i a ragout of meat and beans. \BEtymology:\b \3French, diminutive of dialect \Icassolo\i 'stew-pan'\c
<hw>cassowary</hw> \K/"kas\F'\nw\F'\nri/, /-wE:ri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IZool\i a large flightless Australasian bird of the genus \ICasuarius,\i with heavy body, stout legs, a wattled neck, and a bony crest on its forehead. \BEtymology:\b \3Malay \Ikasuari,\i \Ikasavari\i\c
<hw>cast</hw> \K/kA:st/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\I(past\i and \Ipast part.\i \Bcast)\b\p\B1\b \Itr.\i throw, esp. deliberately or forcefully.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bon,\b \Bover)\b\i \Ba\b direct or cause to fall (one's eyes, a glance, light, a shadow, a spell, etc.). \Bb\b express (doubts, aspersions, etc.).\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \IFishing\i throw out (a net, fishing line, etc.) into the water.\p\B4\b \Itr.\i \INaut\i let down (an anchor or sounding line).\p\B5\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b throw off, get rid of. \Bb\b \IBiol\i shed (skin etc.) esp. in the process of growth. \Bc\b (of a horse) lose (a shoe).\p\B6\b \Itr.\i \IPolit\i record, register, or give (a vote).\p\B7\b \Itr.\i \IMetallurgy\i \Ba\b shape (molten metal or plastic material) in a mould. \Bb\b make (a product) in this way.\p\B8\b \Itr.\i \IPrinting\i make (type).\p\B9\b \Itr.\i \ITheatr\i \Ba\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bas)\b\i assign (an actor) to play a particular character. \Bb\b allocate roles in (a play, film, etc.).\p\B10\b \Itr.\i \I(foll. by \Bin,\b \Binto)\b\i arrange or formulate (facts etc.) in a specified form.\p\B11\b \Itr. & intr.\i reckon, add up, calculate (accounts or figures).\p\B12\b \Itr.\i calculate and record details of (a horoscope).\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the throwing of a missile etc. \Bb\b the distance reached by this.\p\B2\b a throw or a number thrown at dice.\p\B3\b a throw of a net, sounding line, or fishing line.\p\B4\b \IFishing\i \Ba\b that which is cast, esp. the extremity of a line with hook and fly. \Bb\b a place for casting.\p\B5\b \Ba\b an object of metal, clay, etc., made in a mould. \Bb\b a moulded mass of solidified material, esp. plaster protecting a broken limb.\p\B6\b \ITheatr\i the actors taking part in a play, film, etc.\p\B7\b form, type, or quality \3(cast of features;\c \2cast of mind).\c\p\B8\b a tinge or shade of colour.\p\B9\b \Ba\b (in full \Bcast in the eye)\b a slight squint. \Bb\b a twist or inclination.\p\B10\b \IZool\i \Ba\b a mass of earth excreted by a worm. \Bb\b a mass of indigestible food regurgitated by a hawk, owl, etc.\p\B11\b the form into which any work is thrown or arranged.\p\B12\b \Ba\b \IHunting\i a wide area covered by a dog or pack to find a trail. \Bb\b \BAustral.\b & \BNZ\b a wide sweep made by a sheepdog in mustering sheep.\p\Bcast about\b (or \Baround\b or \Bround)\b make an extensive search (actually or mentally) \3(cast about for a solution).\c\p\Bcast adrift\b leave to drift.\p\Bcast ashore\b (of waves etc.) throw to the shore.\p\Bcast aside\b give up using; abandon.\p\Bcast away\b\p\B1\b reject.\p\B2\b \I(in \Bpassive)\b\i be shipwrecked \I(cf.\i \J\Xcastaway\x).\j\p\1cast one's bread upon the waters\c \Isee\i \J\Xbread\x.\j\p\Bcast down\b depress, deject \I(cf.\i \J\Xdowncast\x \Iadj.\i 2).\j\p\Bcast loose\b detach; detach oneself.\p\1cast lots\c \Isee\i \J\Xlot\x.\j\p\Bcast off\b\p\B1\b abandon.\p\B2\b \IKnitting\i take the stitches off the needle by looping each over the next to finish the edge.\p\B3\b \INaut.\i \Ba\b set a ship free from a quay etc. \Bb\b loosen and throw off (rope etc.).\p\B4\b \IPrinting\i estimate the space that will be taken in print by manuscript copy.\p\Bcast on\b \IKnitting\i make the first row of loops on the needle.\p\Bcast out\b expel.\p\Bcast up\b\p\B1\b (of the sea) deposit on the shore.\p\B2\b add up (figures etc.). \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old Norse \Ikasta\i\c
<hw>castanet</hw> \K/kast\F'\n"nEt/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i \IMus\i a small concave piece of hardwood, ivory, etc., in pairs held in the hands and clicked together by the fingers as a rhythmic accompaniment, esp. by Spanish dancers. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish \Icasta±eta,\i diminutive of \Icasta±a,\i from Latin \Icastanea\i 'chestnut'\c
<hw>caste</hw> \K/kA:st/\k\p\In.\i\p\IHinduism Polit Sociol\i\p\B1\b any of the Hindu hereditary classes, distinguished by relative degrees of purity or pollution, whose members have no social contact with other classes but are socially equal with one another and often follow the same occupations.\p\B2\b a more or less exclusive social class.\p\B3\b a system of such classes.\p\B4\b the position it confers.\p\B5\b \IZool.\i a form of social insect having a particular function.\p\1lose caste\c descend in the social order. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish and Portuguese \Icasta\i 'lineage, race, breed', fem. of \Icasto\i 'pure, \J\Xchaste\x\j'\c
<hw>casteism</hw> \K/"kA:stIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IHinduism Polit Sociol\i \Ioften derog.\i the caste system.
<hw>castellan</hw> \K/"kast\F'\nl\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFortification\i \Ihist.\i the governor of a castle. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old Northern French \Icastelain\i from medieval Latin \Icastellanus:\i see \J\Xcastle\x\j\c
<hw>castellated</hw> \K/"kast\F'\nleItId/\k \Iadj.\i \IArchit\i\p\B1\b having battlements.\p\B2\b castle-like. \Bcastellation\b \K/-"leIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Icastellatus:\i see \J\Xcastle\x\j\c
<hw>caste mark</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IHinduism Sociol Polit\i a symbol on a person's forehead denoting his or her caste.
<hw>caster</hw> \K/"kA:st\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IFurniture etc.\i \Ivar. of\i \J\Xcastor\x (1).\j\p\B2\b a person who casts.\p\B3\b \IPrinting\i a machine for casting type.
<hw>caster sugar</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcastor sugar)\b \BBrit.\b \IFood\i finely granulated white sugar.
<hw>castigate</hw> \K/"kastIgeIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i rebuke or punish severely. \Bcastigation\b \K/-"geIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bcastigator\b\p\In.\i\p\Bcastigatory\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icastigare\i 'reprove' from \Icastus\i 'pure'\c
<hw>Castile soap</hw> \K/ka"sti:l/\k\p\In.\i\pa fine hard white or mottled soap made with olive oil and soda. \BEtymology:\b \3\ICastile\i in Spain\c
<hw>Castilian</hw> \K/ka"stIlI\F'\nn/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPeople\i a native of Castile in Spain.\p\B2\b \ILanguage\i the language of Castile, standard spoken and literary Spanish. \Iadj.\i of or relating to Castile or Castilian.
<hw>casting</hw> \K/"kA:stIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMetallurgy etc.\i an object made by casting, esp. of molten metal.
<hw>casting couch</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ITheatr.\i \Islang\i a couch in a director's office on which actresses are said to be seduced in return for being awarded parts.\Knew in COD9 f. OED, incomings Aug 93\k
<hw>casting vote</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i a deciding vote usu. given by the chairperson when the votes on two sides are equal. \BEtymology:\b \3From an obsolete sense of \Icast\i = turn the scale\c
<hw>cast iron</hw> \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\IMetallurgy\i a hard alloy of iron, carbon, and silicon cast in a mould. \Iadj.\i \B(cast-iron)\b\p\B1\b \IMetallurgy\i made of cast iron.\p\B2\b hard, unchallengeable, unchangeable.
<hw>castle</hw> \K/"kA:s(\F'\n)l/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IArchit\i \Ba\b a large fortified building or group of buildings; a stronghold. \Bb\b a formerly fortified mansion.\p\B2\b \IChess\i = \J\Xrook\x (2).\j\p\Iv.\i\p\IChess\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i make a special move (once only in a game on each side) in which the king is moved two squares along the back rank and the nearer rook is moved to the square passed over by the king.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i move (the king) by castling. \Bcastled\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Anglo-French & Old Northern French \Icastel,\i \Ichastel\i from Latin \Icastellum,\i diminutive of \Icastrum\i 'fort'\c
<hw>castle in the air</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcastle in Spain)\b \I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i a visionary unattainable scheme; a daydream.
<hw>cast net</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IFishing\i a net thrown out and immediately drawn in.
<hw>castor (1)</hw> \K/"kA:st\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcaster)\b\p\B1\b \IFurniture\i a small swivelled wheel (often one of a set) fixed to a leg (or the underside) of a piece of furniture.\p\B2\b a small container with holes in the top for sprinkling the contents. \BEtymology:\b \3originally a variant of \J\Xcaster\x\j (in the general sense)\c
<hw>castor (2)</hw> \K/"kA:st\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPharm Chem\i an oily substance secreted by beavers and used in medicine and perfumes. \BEtymology:\b \3French or Latin from Greek \Ikastor\i 'beaver'\c
<hw>castor action</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMech\i swivelling of vehicle wheels to ensure stability.
<hw>castor oil</hw> \K/"kA:st\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b an oil from the seeds of a plant, Ricinus communis, used as a purgative and lubricant.\p\B2\b (in full \Bcastor oil plant)\b this plant. \BEtymology:\b \318th c.: origin uncertain: perhaps so called as having succeeded \J\Xcastor\x (2)\j in medical use\c
<hw>castor oil bean</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcastor bean)\b \IBot\i the seed of the castor oil plant, containing the highly toxic substance ricin.
<hw>castrate</hw> \K/ka"streIt/, /"kastreIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \ISurgery\i remove the testicles of; geld.\p\B2\b deprive of vigour. \Bcastration\b \K/-"streIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bcastrator\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icastrare\i\c
<hw>castrato</hw> \K/ka"strA:t\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bcastrati\b \K/-ti/\k) \IMus\i \Ihist.\i a male singer castrated in boyhood so as to retain a soprano or alto voice. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian, past part. of \Icastrare:\i see \J\Xcastrate\x\j\c
<hw>casual</hw> \K/"kaZjU\F'\nl/, /-zj-/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b accidental; due to chance.\p\B2\b not regular or permanent; temporary, occasional \3(casual work;\c \2a casual affair).\c\p\B3\b \Ba\b unconcerned, uninterested \3(was very casual about it).\c \Bb\b made or done without great care or thought \3(a casual remark).\c \Bc\b acting carelessly or unmethodically.\p\B4\b \IClothing\i (of clothes) informal.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a casual worker.\p\B2\b \I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i \IClothing\i casual clothes or shoes. \Bcasually\b \Iadv.\i \Bcasualness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Icasuel\i and Latin \Icasualis,\i from \Icasus\i \J\Xcase\x (1)\j\c
<hw>casualty</hw> \K/"kaZjU\F'\nlti/, /-zj-/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b a person killed or injured in a war or accident.\p\B2\b a thing lost or destroyed.\p\B3\b \BBrit.\b \IMed\i = \J\Xcasualty department\x.\j\p\B4\b an accident, mishap, or disaster. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from medieval Latin \Icasualitas\i (as \J\Xcasual\x),\j on the pattern of \J\Xroyalty\x\j etc.\c
<hw>casualty department</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcasualty ward)\b \IMed\i the part of a hospital where casualties are treated.
<hw>casuarina</hw> \K/kasjU\F'\n"ri:n\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i any tree of the genus \ICasuarina,\i native to Australia and SE Asia, having tiny scale-leaves on slender jointed branches, resembling gigantic horsetails. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \Icasuarius\i 'cassowary' (from the resemblance between branches and feathers)\c
<hw>casuist</hw> \K/"kazjUIst/, /-Zj-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IRelig\i a person, esp. a theologian, who resolves problems of conscience, duty, etc., often with clever but false reasoning.\p\B2\b a sophist or quibbler. \Bcasuistic\b \K/-"IstIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Bcasuistical\b \K/-"IstIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Bcasuistically\b \K/-"IstIk(\F'\n)li/\k \Iadv.\i \Bcasuistry\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Icasuiste\i via Spanish \Icasuista\i from Latin \Icasus\i \J\Xcase\x (1)\j\c
\B\Icasus belli\b\i \K/%keIs\F'\ns "bElVI/, /%kA:sUs "bEli/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i an act or situation provoking or justifying war. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin\c
<hw>cat (1)</hw> \K/kat/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool\i a small soft-furred four-legged domesticated animal, Felis catus.\p\B2\b \IZool\i any wild animal of the family Felidae, e.g. a lion, tiger, or leopard.\p\B3\b \IZool\i a catlike animal of any other family \3(civet cat).\c\p\B4\b \Icolloq.\i a malicious or spiteful woman.\p\B5\b \Islang\i a jazz enthusiast.\p\B6\b \INaut.\i = \J\Xcathead\x.\j\p\B7\b = \J\Xcat-o'-nine-tails\x.\j\p\B8\b \IGames\i a short tapered stick in the game of tipcat. \Iv.tr.\i \I(also \Babsol.)\b\i \B(catted,\b \Bcatting)\b \INaut.\i raise (an anchor) from the surface of the water to the cathead.\p\1let the cat out of the bag\c reveal a secret, esp. involuntarily.\p\1like a cat \BBrit.\b on hot bricks (or on a hot tin roof)\c very agitated or agitatedly.\p\1put (or set) the cat among the pigeons \BBrit.\b\c cause trouble.\p\1rain cats and dogs\c rain very hard. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Icatt(e)\i from Germanic, reinforced in Middle English by forms from Late Latin \Icattus\i\c
<hw>cat (2)</hw> \K/kat/\k\p\In.\i\p\IEcol Motoring\i a catalytic converter.\Knew in COD9 f. ODNW, Incomings Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation\c
<hw>cata-</hw> \K/"kat\F'\n/\k \Iprefix\i (usu. \Bcat-\b before a vowel or \Ih)\i\p\B1\b down, downwards \3(catadromous).\c\p\B2\b wrongly, badly \3(catachresis).\c\p\B3\b completely \3(catalogue).\c\p\B4\b against, alongside \3(catapult).\c\Ksense 3 and 4 added f. COD box, NSOED Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ikata\i 'down'\c
<hw>catabolism</hw> \K/k\F'\n"tab\F'\nlIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bkatabolism)\b \IBiochem.\i the breakdown of complex molecules in living organisms to form simpler ones with the release of energy; destructive metabolism \I(opp.\i \J\Xanabolism\x).\j \Bcatabolic\b \K/kat\F'\n"bQlIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ikatabole\i 'descent' (as \J\Xcata-\x\j + \Ibole\i from \Iballo\i 'throw')\c
<hw>catachresis</hw> \K/kat\F'\n"kri:sIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bcatachreses\b \K/-si:z/\k) \ILinguistics\i an incorrect use of words. \Bcatachrestic\b \K/-"kri:stIk/, /-"krEstIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin from Greek \Ikatakhresis\i (as \J\Xcata-\x,\j \Ikresthai\i 'use')\c
<hw>cataclasis</hw> \K/kat\F'\n"kleIsIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bcataclases\b \K/-si:z/\k) \IGeol.\i the natural process of fracture, shearing, or breaking up of rocks. \Bcataclastic\b \K/-"klastIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from Greek \Ikataklasis\i 'breaking down', (as \J\Xcata-\x,\j \Iklao\i 'to break')\c
<hw>cataclysm</hw> \K/"kat\F'\nklIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a violent, esp. social or political, upheaval or disaster. \Bb\b a great change.\p\B2\b a great flood or deluge. \Bcataclysmal\b \K/-"klIzm(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Bcataclysmic\b \K/-"klIzmIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Bcataclysmically\b \K/-"klIzmIk(\F'\n)li/\k \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icataclysme\i via Latin \Icataclysmus\i from Greek \Ikataklusmos\i (as \J\Xcata-\x\j + \Iklusmos\i 'flood' from \Ikluzo\i 'wash')\c
<hw>catacomb</hw> \K/"kat\F'\nku:m/, /-k\F'\nUm/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(often in \Bpl.)\b\i\p\B1\b \IRom.Hist Archaeol\i an underground cemetery, esp. a Roman subterranean gallery with recesses for tombs.\p\B2\b a similar underground construction; a cellar. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icatacombes\i from Late Latin \Icatacumbas\i (name given in the 5th c. to the cemetery of St Sebastian near Rome), of unknown origin\c
<hw>catadromous</hw> \K/kat\F'\n"dr\F'\nUm\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i \IZool\i (of a fish, e.g. the eel) that swims down rivers to the sea to spawn \I(opp.\i \J\Xanadromous\x).\j \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ikatadromos\i (as \J\Xcata-\x\j + \Idromos\i 'running')\c
<hw>catafalque</hw> \K/"kat\F'\nfalk/\k\p\In.\i\pa decorated wooden framework for supporting the coffin of a distinguished person during a funeral or while lying in state. \BEtymology:\b \3French from Italian \Icatafalco,\i of unknown origin: related to \J\Xscaffold\x\j\c
<hw>Catalan</hw> \K/"kat\F'\nlan/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPeople\i a native of Catalonia in Spain.\p\B2\b \ILanguage\i the language of Catalonia. \Iadj.\i of or relating to Catalonia, its people, or its language. \BEtymology:\b \3French from Spanish\c
<hw>catalase</hw> \K/"kat\F'\nleIz/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiochem.\i an enzyme that catalyses the reduction of hydrogen peroxide. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xcatalysis\x\j\c
<hw>catalectic</hw> \K/kat\F'\n"lEktIk/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IProsody\i \Iadj.\i lacking one syllable in the last foot.\p\In.\i\pa catalectic line or verse.\Knew f. SOED, used in def. of septenarius Sept 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Icatalecticus\i from Greek \Ikatalektikos\i from \Ikatalegein\i 'leave off' (as \J\Xcata-\x,\j \Ilegein\i 'cease')\c
<hw>catalepsy</hw> \K/"kat(\F'\n)lEpsi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a state of trance or seizure with loss of sensation and consciousness accompanied by rigidity of the body. \Bcataleptic\b \K/-"lEptIk/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icatalepsie\i or Late Latin \Icatalepsia\i from Greek \Ikatalepsis\i (as \J\Xcata-\x,\j \Ilepsis\i 'seizure')\c
<hw>catalogue</hw> \K/"kat(\F'\n)lQg/\k \In. & v.\i \B(US\b also \Bcatalog)\b\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a complete list of items (e.g. articles for sale, books held by a library), usu. in alphabetical or other systematic order and often with a description of each.\p\B2\b an extensive list \3(a catalogue of crimes).\c\p\B3\b \BUS\b a university course-list etc. \Iv.tr.\i \B(catalogues,\b \Bcatalogued,\b \Bcataloguing;\b \BUS\b \Bcatalogs,\b \Bcataloged,\b \Bcataloging)\b\p\B1\b make a catalogue of.\p\B2\b enter in a catalogue. \Bcataloguer\b\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Bcataloger).\b \BEtymology:\b \3French via Late Latin \Icatalogus\i from Greek \Ikatalogos,\i from \Ikatalego\i 'enrol' (as \J\Xcata-\x,\j \Ilego\i 'choose')\c
<hw>catalogue raisonnΘ</hw> \K/%kat(\F'\n)lQg reIzQ"neI/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bcatalogues raisonnΘs\b \Ipronunc.\i same) a descriptive catalogue with explanations or comments. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = explained catalogue\c
<hw>catalpa</hw> \K/k\F'\n"talp\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i any tree of the genus \ICatalpa,\i with heart-shaped leaves, trumpet-shaped flowers, and long pods. \BEtymology:\b \3American Indian (Creek)\c
<hw>catalyse</hw> \K/"kat(\F'\n)lVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(US\b \Bcatalyze)\b \IChem.\i \IBiochem\i produce (a reaction) by catalysis. \BEtymology:\b \3as \J\Xcatalysis\x,\j on the pattern of \Ianalyse\i\c
<hw>catalyser</hw> \K/"kat(\F'\n)lVIz\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IEcol Motoring\i = \J\Xcatalytic converter\x.\j\Knew f. corpus Jan 94\k
<hw>catalysis</hw> \K/k\F'\n"talIsIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bcatalyses\b \K/-si:z/\k) \IChem.\i & \IBiochem.\i the acceleration of a chemical or biochemical reaction by a catalyst. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ikatalusis\i 'dissolution' (as \J\Xcata-\x,\j \Iluo\i 'set free')\c
<hw>catalyst</hw> \K/"kat(\F'\n)lIst/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IChem.\i \IBiochem\i a substance that, without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change, increases the rate of a reaction.\p\B2\b a person or thing that precipitates a change. \BEtymology:\b \3as \J\Xcatalysis\x,\j on the pattern of \Ianalyst\i\c
<hw>catalytic</hw> \K/kat\F'\n"lItIk/\k \Iadj.\i \IChem.\i \IBiochem\i relating to or involving catalysis.
<hw>catalytic converter</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IEcol\i a device incorporated in the exhaust system of a motor vehicle, with a catalyst for converting pollutant gases into less harmful ones.
<hw>catalytic cracker</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i a device for cracking (see \J\Xcrack\x\p\Iv.\i\p9)\j petroleum oils by catalysis.
<hw>catamaran</hw> \K/kat\F'\nm\F'\n"ran/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \INaut\i a boat with twin hulls in parallel.\p\B2\b a raft of yoked logs or boats.\p\B3\b \Icolloq.\i a quarrelsome woman. \BEtymology:\b \3Tamil \Ikattumaram\i 'tied wood'\c
<hw>catamite</hw> \K/"kat\F'\nmVIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISex\i\p\B1\b a boy kept for homosexual practices.\p\B2\b the passive partner in sodomy. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icatamitus\i via Etruscan from Greek \IGanumedes\i 'Ganymede', the name of Zeus' cupbearer\c
<hw>catamountain</hw> \K/kat\F'\n"maUntIn/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcatamount)\b\Kvar. new f. NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k\p\B1\b \IZool\i a lynx, leopard, puma, or similar cat.\p\B2\b \Iarchaic\i a wild quarrelsome person. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from \Icat of the mountain\i\c
<hw>catananche</hw> \K/kat\F'\n"naNki/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a plant of the genus \ICatananche\i (daisy family), with blue or yellow flowers. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin via Latin \Icatanance,\i a plant used in love potions, from Greek \Ikatanagke\i (as \J\Xcata-\x,\j \Ianagke\i 'compulsion')\c
<hw>cat-and-dog</hw> \Iadj.\i (of a relationship etc.) full of quarrels.
<hw>cataplexy</hw> \K/"kat\F'\nplEksi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i sudden temporary paralysis due to fright etc. \Bcataplectic\b \K/-"plEktIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ikataplexis\i 'stupefaction' (as \J\Xcata-\x,\j \Iplessein\i 'to strike')\c
<hw>catapult</hw> \K/"kat\F'\npVlt/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Besp. Brit.\b a forked stick etc. with elastic for shooting stones.\p\B2\b \IMil\i \Ihist.\i a military machine worked by a lever and ropes for hurling large stones etc.\p\B3\b a mechanical device for launching a glider, an aircraft from the deck of a ship, etc.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b hurl from or launch with a catapult. \Bb\b fling forcibly.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i leap or be hurled forcibly. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icatapulte\i or Latin \Icatapulta\i from Greek \Ikatapeltes\i (as \J\Xcata-\x,\j \Ipallo\i 'hurl')\c
<hw>cataract</hw> \K/"kat\F'\nrakt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IGeog\i \Ba\b a large waterfall or cascade. \Bb\b a downpour; a rush of water.\p\B2\b \IMed.\i a condition in which the eye lens becomes progressively opaque resulting in blurred vision. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icataracta\i from Greek \Ikatarrhaktes\i 'down-rushing'; in medical sense probably from obsolete sense 'grating on a window'\c
<hw>catarrh</hw> \K/k\F'\n"tA:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i\p\B1\b inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose, air passages, etc.\p\B2\b a watery discharge in the nose or throat due to this. \Bcatarrhal\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icatarrhe\i via Late Latin \Icatarrhus\i from Greek \Ikatarrhousin\i from \Ikatarrhe\i 'flow down' (as \J\Xcata-\x,\j \Irhein\i 'flow')\c
<hw>catarrhine</hw> \K/"kat\F'\nrVIn/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IZool.\i \IAnat\i \Iadj.\i (of primates) having nostrils close together and directed downwards, as in a baboon, chimpanzee, or human.\p\In.\i\psuch an animal \I(cf.\i \J\Xplatyrrhine\x).\j \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xcata-\x\j + \Irhis rhinos\i 'nose'\c
<hw>catastrophe</hw> \K/k\F'\n"tastr\F'\nfi/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a great and usu. sudden disaster.\p\B2\b \ITheatr\i the denouement of a drama.\p\B3\b a disastrous end; ruin.\p\B4\b an event producing a subversion of the order of things. \Bcatastrophic\b \K/-"strQfIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Bcatastrophically\b \K/-"strQfIk(\F'\n)li/\k \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icatastropha\i from Greek \Ikatastrophe\i (as \J\Xcata-\x,\j \Istrophe\i 'turning' from \Istrepho\i 'turn')\c
<hw>catastrophe theory</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMath\i a branch of mathematics concerned with systems displaying abrupt discontinuous change.\Knew from NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k
<hw>catastrophism</hw> \K/k\F'\n"tastr\F'\nfIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeol.\i the theory that changes in the earth's crust have occurred in sudden violent and unusual events. \Bcatastrophist\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>catatonia</hw> \K/kat\F'\n"t\F'\nUnI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i\p\B1\b schizophrenia with intervals of catalepsy and sometimes violence.\p\B2\b catalepsy. \Bcatatonic\b \K/-"tQnIk/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \BEtymology:\b \3German \IKatatonie\i (as \J\Xcata-\x,\j \J\Xtone\x)\j\c
<hw>catawba</hw> \K/k\F'\n"tO:b\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBot\i a US variety of grape.\p\B2\b \IDrink\i a white wine made from this. \BEtymology:\b \3River \ICatawba\i in S. Carolina\c
<hw>catbird</hw> \K/"katb\F'\n:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i any of several birds with a mewing call like a cat, esp. a N. American mockingbird, Dumetalla carolinensis.\Knew from NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k
<hw>catboat</hw> \K/"katb\F'\nUt/\k\p\In.\i\p\INaut.\i a sailing boat with a single mast placed well forward and carrying only one sail. \BEtymology:\b \3perhaps from \Icat,\i a former type of coaler in NE England, + \J\Xboat\x\j\c
<hw>cat burglar</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICriminol\i a burglar who enters by climbing to an upper storey.
<hw>catcall</hw> \K/"katkO:l/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\pa shrill whistle of disapproval made at meetings etc.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i make a catcall.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i make a catcall at.
<hw>catch</hw> \K/katS/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\I(past\i and \Ipast part.\i \Bcaught\b \K/kO:t/\k)\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b lay hold of so as to restrain or prevent from escaping; capture in a trap, in one's hands, etc. \Bb\b (also \Bcatch hold of)\b get into one's hands so as to retain, operate, etc. \3(caught hold of the handle).\c\p\B2\b \Itr.\i detect or surprise (a person, esp. in a wrongful or embarrassing act) \3(caught me in the act;\c \2caught him smoking).\c\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b intercept and hold (a moving thing) in the hands etc. \3(failed to catch the ball;\c \2a bowl to catch the drips).\c \Bb\b \ISport\i \ICricket\i dismiss (a batsman) by catching the ball before it reaches the ground.\p\B4\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b \IMed\i contract (a disease) by infection or contagion. \Bb\b acquire (a quality or feeling) from another's example \3(caught her enthusiasm).\c\p\B5\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b reach in time and board (a train, bus, etc.). \Bb\b be in time to see etc. (a person or thing about to leave or finish) \3(if you hurry you'll catch them;\c \2caught the end of the performance).\c\p\B6\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b apprehend with the senses or the mind (esp. a thing occurring quickly or briefly) \3(didn't catch what he said).\c \Bb\b (of an artist etc.) reproduce faithfully.\p\B7\b \Ba\b \Iintr.\i become fixed or entangled; be checked \3(the bolt began to catch).\c \Bb\b \Itr.\i cause to do this \3(caught her tights on a nail).\c \Bc\b \Itr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bon)\b\i hit, deal a blow to \3(caught him on the nose;\c \2caught his elbow on the table).\c\p\B8\b \Itr.\i draw the attention of; captivate \3(caught his eye;\c \2caught her fancy).\c\p\B9\b \Iintr.\i begin to burn.\p\B10\b \Itr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bup)\b\i reach or overtake (a person etc. ahead).\p\B11\b \Itr.\i check suddenly \3(caught his breath).\c\p\B12\b \Itr.\i \I(foll. by \Bat)\b\i grasp or try to grasp.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b an act of catching. \Bb\b \ICricket\i a chance or act of catching the ball.\p\B2\b \Ba\b an amount of a thing caught, esp. of fish. \Bb\b a thing or person caught or worth catching, esp. in marriage.\p\B3\b \Ba\b a question, trick, etc., intended to deceive, incriminate, etc. \Bb\b an unexpected or hidden difficulty or disadvantage.\p\B4\b a device for fastening a door or window etc.\p\B5\b \IMus.\i a round, esp. with words arranged to produce a humorous effect. \Kidiom catch-as-catch-can denested Oct 94\k\p\1catch at a straw\c \Isee\i \J\Xstraw\x.\j\p\1catch one's death of cold\c \Isee\i \J\Xdeath\x.\j\p\1catch fire\c \Isee\i \J\Xfire\x.\j\p\1catch it\c \Islang\i be punished or in trouble.\p\Bcatch on\b \Icolloq.\i\p\B1\b (of a practice, fashion, etc.) become popular.\p\B2\b (of a person) understand what is meant.\p\Bcatch out\b \BBrit.\b\p\B1\b detect in a mistake etc.\p\B2\b take unawares; cause to be bewildered or confused.\p\B3\b \I=\i sense 3b of\p\Iv.\i\p\1catch the sun\c\p\B1\b be in a sunny position.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b become sunburnt.\p\Bcatch up\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i reach a person etc. ahead \3(he caught up in the end;\c \2he caught us up;\c \2he caught up with us).\c \Bb\b \I(often foll. by \Bwith,\b \Bon)\b\i make up arrears (of work etc.) \3(must catch up with my correspondence).\c\p\B2\b snatch or pick up hurriedly.\p\B3\b \I(often in \Bpassive)\b\i \Ba\b involve; entangle \3(caught up in suspicious dealings).\c \Bb\b fasten up \3(hair caught up in a ribbon).\c\p\1(you wouldn't) catch me! etc.\c \I(often foll. by \Bpres. part.)\b\i \Icolloq.\i you may be sure I etc. shall not. \Bcatchable\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Anglo-French & Old Northern French \Icachier,\i Old French \Ichacier,\i ultimately from Latin \Icaptare\i 'try to catch'\c
<hw>catch-22</hw> \K/%katStwEntI"tu:/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(often \Battrib.)\b\i \Icolloq.\i a dilemma or circumstance from which there is no escape because of mutually conflicting or dependent conditions. \BEtymology:\b \3title of a novel by J. Heller (1961) featuring a dilemma of this kind\c
<hw>catch-all</hw>\p\In.\i\p\I(often \Battrib.)\b\i a thing designed to be all-inclusive.
<hw>catch-as-catch-can</hw> \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\ISport\i a style of wrestling with few holds barred. \Iadj.\i using whatever is available \3(a catch-as-catch-can repair).\c\Knew f. F. Abate, incomings, corpus Oct 94\k
<hw>catch crop</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAgriculture\i a crop grown between two staple crops (in position or time).
<hw>catcher</hw> \K/"katS\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person or thing that catches.\p\B2\b \IBaseball\i a fielder positioned behind the home plate.
<hw>catchfly</hw> \K/"katSflVI/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-flies)\b any plant of the genus \ISilene\i or \ILychnis\i with a sticky stem.
<hw>catching</hw> \K/"katSIN/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \IMed\i (of a disease) infectious. \Bb\b (of a practice, habit, etc.) likely to be imitated.\p\B2\b attractive; captivating.
<hw>catchline</hw> \K/"katSlVIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPrinting\i \IJournalism\i a short line of type esp. at the head of copy or as a running headline.
<hw>catchment</hw> \K/"katSm(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\pthe collection of rainfall.
<hw>catchment area</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the area from which rainfall flows into a river etc.\p\B2\b \IEducation Med\i the area served by a school, hospital, etc.
<hw>catchpenny</hw> \K/"katSpEni/\k \Iadj.\i intended merely to sell quickly; superficially attractive.
<hw>catchphrase</hw> \K/"katSfreIz/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILinguistics\i a phrase in frequent use.
<hw>catchweight</hw> \K/"katSweIt/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \ISport\i \Iadj.\i unrestricted as regards weight.\p\In.\i\punrestricted weight, as a weight category in sports.
<hw>catchword</hw> \K/"katSw\F'\n:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ILinguistics\i a word or phrase in common (often temporary) use; a topical slogan.\p\B2\b a word so placed as to draw attention.\p\B3\b \ITheatr.\i an actor's cue.\p\B4\b \IPrinting\i the first word of a page given at the foot of the previous one.
<hw>catchy</hw> \K/"katSi/\k \Iadj.\i \B(catchier,\b \Bcatchiest)\b\p\B1\b \IMus\i (of a tune) easy to remember; attractive.\p\B2\b that snares or entraps; deceptive.\p\B3\b (of the wind etc.) fitful, spasmodic. \Bcatchily\b \Iadv.\i \Bcatchiness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xcatch\x\j + \J\X-y\x (1)\j\c
<hw>cate</hw> \K/keIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i \Iarchaic\i choice food, delicacies. \BEtymology:\b \3obsolete \Iacate\i 'purchase' from Anglo-French \Iacat,\i Old French \Iachat,\i from \Iacater,\i \Iachater\i 'buy': see \J\Xcater\x\j\c
<hw>catechetical</hw> \K/katI"kEtIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i (also \Bcatechetic)\b \IRelig\i\p\B1\b of or by oral teaching.\p\B2\b according to the catechism of a Church.\p\B3\b consisting of or proceeding by question and answer. \Bcatechetically\b \Iadv.\i \Bcatechetics\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3ecclesiastical Greek \Ikatekhetikos\i from \Ikatekhetes\i 'oral teacher': see \J\Xcatechize\x\j\c
<hw>catechism</hw> \K/"katIkIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a summary of the principles of a religion in the form of questions and answers. \Bb\b a book containing this.\p\B2\b a series of questions put to anyone. \Bcatechismal\b \K/-"kIzm(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3ecclesiastical Latin \Icatechismus\i (as \J\Xcatechize\x)\j\c
<hw>catechist</hw> \K/"katIkIst/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i a religious teacher, esp. one using a catechism.
<hw>catechize</hw> \K/"katIkVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b \IRelig\i\p\B1\b instruct by means of question and answer, esp. from a catechism.\p\B2\b put questions to; examine. \Bcatechizer\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Icatechizare\i from ecclesiastical Greek \Ikatekhizo,\i from \Ikatekheo\i 'make hear' (as \J\Xcata-\x,\j \Iekheo\i 'sound')\c
<hw>catecholamine</hw> \K/katI"k\F'\nUl\F'\nmi:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiochem.\i any of a class of aromatic amines, many of which are neurotransmitters (e.g. adrenalin, dopamine).\Knew in COD9 f. NEWS, NSOED Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3\Icatechol\i the parent compound (originally extracted from \J\Xcatechu\x)\j + \J\Xamine\x\j\c
<hw>catechu</hw> \K/"katItSu:/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcachou\b \K/"kaSu:/\k) \IBot\i gambier or similar vegetable extract, containing tannin. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from Malay \Ikachu\i\c
<hw>catechumen</hw> \K/katI"kju:mEn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i a Christian convert under instruction before baptism. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icatechumene\i or ecclesiastical Latin \Icatechumenus\i from Greek \Ikatekheo:\i see \J\Xcatechize\x\j\c
<hw>categorical</hw> \K/katI"gQrIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i (also \Bcategoric)\b unconditional, absolute; explicit, direct \3(a categorical refusal).\c \Bcategorically\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \IcatΘgorique\i or Late Latin \Icategoricus\i from Greek \Ikategorikos:\i see \J\Xcategory\x\j\c
<hw>categorical imperative</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IEthics\i an unconditional moral obligation derived from pure reason; the bidding of conscience as ultimate moral law.
<hw>categorize</hw> \K/"katIg\F'\nrVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b place in a category or categories. \Bcategorization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>category</hw> \K/"katIg(\F'\n)ri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b a class or division.\p\B2\b \IPhilos.\i \Ba\b one of a possibly exhaustive set of classes among which all things might be distributed. \Bb\b one of the a priori conceptions applied by the mind to sense-impressions. \Bc\b any relatively fundamental philosophical concept. \Bcategorial\b \K/-"gO:rI\F'\nl/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \IcatΘgorie\i or Late Latin \Icategoria\i from Greek \Ikategoria\i 'statement', from \Ikategoros\i 'accuser'\c
<hw>catena</hw> \K/k\F'\n"ti:n\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bcatenae\b \K/-nI/\k or \Bcatenas)\b \IRelig\i\p\B1\b a connected series of patristic comments on Scripture.\p\B2\b a series or chain. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = chain: originally \Icatena patrum\i 'chain of the Fathers' (of the Church)\c
<hw>catenary</hw> \K/k\F'\n"ti:n\F'\nri/\k \In. & adj.\i \IMath.\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b a curve formed by a uniform chain hanging freely from two points not in the same vertical line. \Iadj.\i of or resembling such a curve. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icatenarius\i from \Icatena\i 'chain'\c
<hw>catenary bridge</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IEngin\i a suspension bridge hung from catenaries.
<hw>catenate</hw> \K/"katIneIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i connect like links of a chain. \Bcatenation\b \K/-"neIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icatenare catenat-\i (as \J\Xcatenary\x)\j\c
<hw>cater</hw> \K/"keIt\F'\n/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \ICookery\i \Ba\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bfor)\b\i provide food. \Bb\b \Itr.\i (as \Bcatered\b \Iadj.)\i \Besp. N. Amer.\b with food provided, esp. by a professional caterer \3(catered party).\c\Knew f. F. Abate, Inc., Oct 94\k\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bfor,\b \Bto)\b\i provide what is desired or needed by.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bto)\b\i pander to (esp. low tastes). \BEtymology:\b \3obsolete noun \Icater\i (now \Icaterer),\i from Anglo-French \Iacatour\i 'buyer' from \Iacater\i 'buy', ultimately from Latin \Icaptare\i 'seize'\c
<hw>cateran</hw> \K/"kat(\F'\n)r(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BSc.\b \Ihist.\i a Highland irregular fighting man; a marauder. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from medieval Latin \Icateranus\i & Gaelic \Iceathairne\i 'peasantry'\c
<hw>cater-cornered</hw> \K/"keIt\F'\nkO:n\F'\nd/\k \Iadj. & adv.\i (also \Bcater-corner,\b \Bcatty-cornered\b \K/"katI-/\k, \Bkitty-cornered\b \K/"kItI-/\k) \BN. Amer.\b \Iadj.\i placed or situated diagonally. \Iadv.\i diagonally. \BEtymology:\b \3dialect adv. \Icater\i 'diagonally' (related to obsolete \Icater\i 'the four on dice', via French \Iquatre\i from Latin \Iquattuor\i 'four')\c
<hw>caterer</hw> \K/"keIt(\F'\n)r\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pa person who supplies food for social events, esp. professionally.
<hw>catering</hw> \K/"keIt(\F'\n)rIN/\k\p\In.\i\pthe work of a caterer.
<hw>caterpillar</hw> \K/"kat\F'\npIl\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the larva of a butterfly or moth. \Bb\b (in general use) any similar larva of various insects.\p\B2\b \Ba\b (in full \Bcaterpillar track or tread)\b \Ipropr.\i an endless articulated steel band passing round the wheels of a tractor etc. for travel on rough ground. \Bb\b a vehicle with these tracks, e.g. a tractor or tank. \BEtymology:\b \3perhaps Anglo-French variant of Old French \Ichatepelose,\i literally 'hairy cat', influenced by obsolete \Ipiller\i 'ravager'\c
<hw>caterwaul</hw> \K/"kat\F'\nwO:l/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.intr.\i make the shrill howl of a cat.\p\In.\i\pa caterwauling noise. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from \J\Xcat\x (1)\j + \I-waul\i (imitative)\c
<hw>catfish</hw> \K/"katfIS/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i usu. same) \IZool\i any of various esp. freshwater fish, usu. having whisker-like barbels round the mouth.
<hw>cat flap</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcat door)\b a small swinging flap in an outer door, for a cat to pass in and out.
<hw>catgut</hw> \K/"katgVt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMus Surgery\i a material used for the strings of musical instruments and surgical sutures, made of the dried twisted intestines of the sheep, horse, or ass (but not the cat).
<hw>Cathar</hw> \K/"kaTA:/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \BCathars\b or \BCathari\b \K/-ri/\k) \IRelig\i a member of a medieval sect which sought to achieve great spiritual purity. \BCatharism\b\p\In.\i\p\BCatharist\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \ICathari\i (pl.) from Greek \Ikatharoi\i 'pure'\c
<hw>catharsis</hw> \K/k\F'\n"TA:sIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bcatharses\b \K/-si:z/\k)\p\B1\b an emotional release in drama or art.\p\B2\b \IPsychol.\i the process of freeing repressed emotion by association with the cause, and elimination by abreaction.\p\B3\b \IMed.\i purgation. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from Greek \Ikatharsis,\i from \Ikathairo\i 'cleanse': sense 1 from Aristotle's \IPoetics\i\c
<hw>cathartic</hw> \K/k\F'\n"TA:tIk/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b effecting catharsis.\p\B2\b \IMed\i purgative.\p\In.\i\p\IPharm\i a cathartic drug. \Bcathartically\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Icatharticus\i from Greek \Ikathartikos\i (as \J\Xcatharsis\x)\j\c
<hw>Cathay</hw> \K/ka"TeI/\k\p\In.\i\p\Iarchaic\i or \Ipoet.\i the country China. \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \ICataya\i\c
<hw>cathead</hw> \K/"kathEd/\k\p\In.\i\p\INaut.\i a horizontal beam from each side of a ship's bow for raising and carrying the anchor.
<hw>cathectic</hw> \Isee\i \J\Xcathexis\x.\j
<hw>cathedral</hw> \K/k\F'\n"Ti:dr(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i the principal church of a diocese, containing the bishop's throne. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English (as \Iadj.)\i from Old French \Icathedral\i or from Late Latin \Icathedralis,\i via Latin from Greek \Ikathedra\i 'seat'\c
<hw>cathedral city</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IEccl\i a city in which there is a cathedral.
<hw>Catherine wheel</hw> \K/"kaTrIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a firework in the form of a flat coil which spins when fixed and lit.\p\B2\b \IArchit\i a circular window with radial divisions. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \ICatharina\i from Greek \IAikaterina,\i the name of a saint martyred on a spiked wheel\c
<hw>catheter</hw> \K/"kaTIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed.\i a tube for insertion into a body cavity for introducing or removing fluid. \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin from Greek \Ikatheter,\i from \Ikathiemi\i 'send down'\c
<hw>catheterize</hw> \K/"kaTIt\F'\nrVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b \IMed.\i insert a catheter into.
<hw>cathetometer</hw> \K/kaTI"tQmIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i a telescope mounted on a graduated scale along which it can slide, used for accurate measurement of small vertical distances. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icathetus\i from Greek \Ikathetos\i 'perpendicular line' (as \J\Xcatheter\x\j + \J\X-meter\x)\j\c
<hw>cathexis</hw> \K/k\F'\n"TEksIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bcathexes\b \K/-si:z/\k) \IPsychol.\i concentration of mental energy in one channel. \Bcathectic\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ikathexis\i 'retention'\c
<hw>cathode</hw> \K/"kaT\F'\nUd/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bkathode)\b \IElectr.\i\p\B1\b the positive terminal of an electrical device \I(opp.\i \J\Xanode\x).\j\p\B2\b the terminal or electrode by which electric current leaves a device. \Bcathodal\b \Iadj.\i \Bcathodic\b \K/k\F'\n"TQdIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ikathodos\i 'descent' (as \J\Xcata-\x\j + \Ihodos\i 'way')\c
<hw>cathode ray</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i a beam of electrons emitted from the cathode of a high-vacuum tube.
<hw>cathode ray tube</hw>\p\In.\i\pa high-vacuum tube in which cathode rays produce a luminous image on a fluorescent screen (abbr.: \BCRT).\b\Kabbr\k
<hw>cathodic protection</hw>\p\In.\i\pprotection of a metal structure from corrosion underwater by making it act as an electrical cathode.\Knew from NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k
<hw>catholic</hw> \K/"kaT(\F'\n)lIk/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of interest or use to all; universal.\p\B2\b all-embracing; of wide sympathies or interests \3(has catholic tastes).\c\p\B3\b \B(Catholic)\b \IRelig\i \Ba\b of the Roman Catholic religion. \Bb\b including all Christians. \Bc\b including all of the Western Church.\p\In.\i\p\B(Catholic)\b \IRelig\i a Roman Catholic. \Bcatholically\b \Iadv.\i \BCatholicism\b \K/k\F'\n"TQlIsIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bcatholicity\b \K/kaT\F'\n"lIsIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bcatholicly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icatholique\i or Late Latin \Icatholicus\i from Greek \Ikatholikos\i 'universal', from \Ikata\i 'in respect of' + \Iholos\i 'whole'\c
<hw>catholicize</hw> \K/k\F'\n"TQlIsVIz/\k \Iv.tr. & intr.\i (also \B-ise)\b\p\B1\b make or become catholic.\p\B2\b \B(Catholicize)\b \IRelig\i make or become a Roman Catholic.
<hw>cat-ice</hw>\p\In.\i\pthin ice unsupported by water.
<hw>cation</hw> \K/"katVI\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i a positively charged ion; an ion that is attracted to the cathode in electrolysis \I(opp.\i \J\Xanion\x).\j \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xcata-\x\j + \J\Xion\x\j\c
<hw>cationic</hw> \K/katVI"QnIk/\k \Iadj.\i \IPhysics\i\p\B1\b of a cation or cations.\p\B2\b having an active cation.
<hw>catkin</hw> \K/"katkIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot Anat\i a spike of usu. downy or silky male or female flowers hanging from a willow, hazel, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3obsolete Dutch \Ikatteken\i 'kitten'\c
<hw>catlick</hw> \K/"katlIk/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i a perfunctory wash.
<hw>catlike</hw> \K/"katlVIk/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b like a cat.\p\B2\b stealthy.
<hw>catmint</hw> \K/"katmInt/\k\p\In.\i\p\Besp. Brit.\b \IBot\i a plant, Nepeta cataria (mint family), with downy leaves, purple-spotted white flowers, and a mintlike smell attractive to cats. \IAlso called\i \Icatnip.\i
<hw>catnap</hw> \K/"katnap/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\pa short sleep. \Iv.intr.\i \B(-napped,\b \B-napping)\b have a catnap.
<hw>catnip</hw> \K/"katnIp/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i = \J\Xcatmint\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xcat\x (1)\j + dialect \Inip\i 'catmint', variant of dialect \Inep\i from medieval Latin \Inepta\i from Latin \Inepeta\i\c
<hw>cat-o'-nine-tails</hw>\p\In.\i\p\INaut\i \ICriminol\i \Ihist.\i a rope whip with nine knotted lashes for flogging sailors, soldiers, or criminals.
<hw>catoptric</hw> \K/ka"tQptrIk/\k \Iadj.\i of or relating to a mirror, a reflector, or reflection. \Bcatoptrics\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ikatoptrikos\i from \Ikatoptron\i 'mirror'\c
<hw>cat's cradle</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IGames\i a child's game in which a loop of string is held between the fingers and patterns are formed.
<hw>Catseye</hw> \K/"katsVI/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \Ipropr.\i one of a series of reflector studs set into a road.
<hw>cat's-eye</hw> \K/"katsVI/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMineral\i a precious stone of Sri Lanka and the Malabar Coast.
<hw>cat's-foot</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a small plant of the genus \IAntennaria\i (daisy family), having soft woolly leaves and growing on the surface of the ground.
<hw>cat's-paw</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person used as a tool by another.\p\B2\b a slight breeze rippling the surface of water.
<hw>catsuit</hw> \K/"katsu:t/, /-sju:t/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IFashion\i a close-fitting garment with trouser legs, covering the body from neck to feet.
<hw>cat's whisker</hw>\p\In.\i\pa fine adjustable wire in a crystal radio receiver.\p\1the cat's whiskers (or pyjamas)\c \Islang\i an excellent person or thing.\Knew from NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k
<hw>cattery</hw> \K/"kat\F'\nri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IZool\i a place where cats are boarded or bred.
<hw>cattle</hw> \K/"kat(\F'\n)l/\k \In.pl.\i \IZool\i\p\B1\b large ruminant animals with horns and cloven hoofs, e.g. cows, bison, and buffalo, esp. of the genus \IBos.\i\p\B2\b \Iarchaic\i livestock. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English & Anglo-French \Icatel\i from Old French \Ichatel\i \J\Xchattel\x\j\c
<hw>cattle cake</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IZool\i a concentrated food for cattle, in cake form.
<hw>cattle grid</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ITransport\i a grid covering a ditch, allowing vehicles to pass over but not cattle, sheep, etc.
<hw>cattleya</hw> \K/"katlI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i any epiphytic orchid of the genus \ICattleya,\i with violet, pink, or yellow flowers. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin, named after W. \ICattley,\i English patron of botany d. 1832\c
<hw>catwalk</hw> \K/"katwO:k/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a narrow footway along a bridge, above a theatre stage, etc.\p\B2\b \IFashion\i a narrow platform or gangway used in fashion shows etc.
<hw>Caucasian</hw> \K/kO:"keIzj\F'\nn/, /-Z(\F'\n)n/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IAnthropol\i of or relating to the white or light-skinned division of humankind.\p\B2\b of or relating to the Caucasus.\p\In.\i\p\IAnthropol\i a Caucasian person. \BEtymology:\b \3\ICaucasus,\i mountains between the Black Sea and Caspian Sea, the supposed place of origin of this people\c
<hw>caucus</hw> \K/"kO:k\F'\ns/\k \In. & v.\i \IPolit\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bcaucuses)\b\p\B1\b (in N. America and New Zealand) \Ba\b a meeting of the members of a legislative body belonging to a particular political party, to decide policy. \Bb\b a bloc of such members. \Bc\b this system as a political force.\p\B2\b often \Iderog.\i (esp. in the UK) \Ba\b a usu. secret meeting of a group within a larger organization or party. \Bb\b such a group. \Iv.intr.\i \B(caucused,\b \Bcaucusing)\b hold or form a caucus.\Kv. new f. Kpb, corpus, Sept 94\k \BEtymology:\b \318th-c. US, perhaps from Algonquian \Icau\i'\I-cau-as\i'\Iu\i 'adviser'\c
<hw>caudal</hw> \K/"kO:d(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of or like a tail.\p\B2\b \IAnat\i of the posterior part of the body. \Bcaudally\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \Icaudalis\i from Latin \Icauda\i 'tail'\c
<hw>caudate</hw> \K/"kO:deIt/\k \Iadj.\i \IZool Anat\i having a tail. \BEtymology:\b \3see \J\Xcaudal\x\j\c
<hw>caudillo</hw> \K/kaU"di:lj\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b (in Spanish-speaking countries) a military or political leader. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish from Late Latin \Icapitellum,\i diminutive of \Icaput\i 'head'\c
<hw>caught</hw> \I\Ipast\i and \Ipast part.\i of\i \J\Xcatch\x.\j
<hw>caul</hw> \K/kO:l/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMed\i \Ba\b the inner membrane enclosing a foetus. \Bb\b part of this occasionally found on a child's head at birth, thought to bring good luck.\p\B2\b \IClothing\i \Ihist.\i \Ba\b a woman's close-fitting indoor headdress. \Bb\b the plain back part of a woman's indoor headdress.\p\B3\b \IAnat\i the omentum. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English perhaps from Old French \Icale\i 'small cap'\c
<hw>cauldron</hw> \K/"kO:ldr(\F'\n)n/, /"kQl-/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcaldron)\b a large deep bowl-shaped vessel for boiling over an open fire; an ornamental vessel resembling this. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Anglo-French & Old Northern French \Icaudron,\i ultimately from Latin \Icaldarium\i 'hot bath' from \Icalidus\i 'hot'\c
<hw>cauliflower</hw> \K/"kQlIflaU\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b a variety of cabbage with a large immature flower head of small usu. creamy-white flower buds.\p\B2\b \IFood\i the flower head eaten as a vegetable. \BEtymology:\b \3earlier \Icole-florie\i etc. from obsolete French \Ichou fleuri\i 'flowered cabbage', assimilated to \J\Xcole\x\j and \J\Xflower\x\j\c
<hw>cauliflower cheese</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ICookery\i a savoury dish of cauliflower in a cheese sauce.
<hw>cauliflower ear</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBoxing\i an ear thickened or deformed by repeated blows, esp. in boxing.
<hw>caulk</hw> \K/kO:k/\k \In. & v.\i \B(US\b also \Bcalk)\b\p\In.\i\pa waterproof filler and sealant, used in building \3(bathroom caulk).\c \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b seal (a seam etc.) with caulk.\p\B2\b \Ba\b \INaut\i stop up (the seams of a boat etc.) with oakum etc. and waterproofing material, or by driving plate-junctions together. \Bb\b make (esp. a boat) watertight by this method.\Kn. & v. sense 1 new f. Inc., DIY text, Oct 94\k \Bcaulker\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old French dialect \Icauquer\i 'tread, press with force', from Latin \Icalcare\i 'tread' from \Icalx\i 'heel'\c
<hw>causal</hw> \K/"kO:z(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of, forming, or expressing a cause or causes.\p\B2\b relating to, or of the nature of, cause and effect. \Bcausally\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Icausalis:\i see \J\Xcause\x\j\c
<hw>causality</hw> \K/kO:"zalIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the relation of cause and effect.\p\B2\b the principle that everything has a cause.
<hw>causation</hw> \K/kO:"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act of causing or producing an effect.\p\B2\b = \J\Xcausality\x 1.\j \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icausation\i or Latin \Icausatio\i 'pretext' etc., in medieval Latin 'the action of causing', from \Icausare\i \J\Xcause\x\j\c
<hw>causative</hw> \K/"kO:z\F'\ntIv/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b acting as cause.\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bof)\b\i producing; having as effect.\p\B3\b \IGram.\i expressing cause. \Bcausatively\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Icausatif\i or from Late Latin \Icausativus:\i see \J\Xcausation\x\j\c
<hw>cause</hw> \K/kO:z/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b that which produces an effect, or gives rise to an action, phenomenon, or condition. \Bb\b a person or thing that occasions something. \Bc\b a reason or motive; a ground that may be held to justify something \3(no cause for complaint).\c\p\B2\b a reason adjudged adequate \3(show cause).\c\p\B3\b a principle, belief, or purpose which is advocated or supported \3(faithful to the cause).\c\p\B4\b \ILaw\i \Ba\b a matter to be settled at law. \Bb\b an individual's case offered at law \3(plead a cause).\c\p\B5\b the side taken by any party in a dispute. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b be the cause of, produce, make happen \3(caused a commotion).\c\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bto\b + infin.)\i induce \3(caused me to smile;\c \2caused it to be done).\c\p\1cause and effect\c\p\B1\b a cause and the effect it produces; the doctrine of causation.\p\B2\b the operation or relation of a cause and its effect.\Kc. and effect new in COD9 f. NSOED, COD box Aug 93\k\p\1in the cause of\c to maintain, defend, or support \3(in the cause of justice).\c\p\1make common cause with\c join the side of. \Bcausable\b \Iadj.\i \Bcauseless\b \Iadj.\i \Bcauser\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Icausa\i \I(n.),\i \Icausare\i \I(v.)\i\c
<hw>cause cΘlΦbre</hw> \K/kO:z sE"lEbr(\F'\n)/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bcauses cΘlΦbres\b \Ipronunc.\i same)\p\B1\b \ILaw\i a lawsuit that attracts much attention.\p\B2\b an issue that gives rise to widespread public discussion.\Ksense 2 new in COD9 f. COD box, Incomings Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3French\c
\B\Icauserie\b\i \K/"k\F'\nUz\F'\nri/, French /kozri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B\Icauseries\b\i \Ipronunc.\i same) an informal article or talk, esp. on a literary subject. \BEtymology:\b \3French from \Icauser\i 'talk'\c
<hw>causeway</hw> \K/"kO:zweI/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a raised road or track across low or wet ground or a stretch of water.\p\B2\b a raised path by a road. \BEtymology:\b \3earlier \Icauce,\i \Icauceway\i from Old Northern French \IcauciΘ,\i ultimately from Latin \J\Xcalx\x\j 'lime, limestone'\c
<hw>causey</hw> \K/"kO:zi/, /-si/\k\p\In.\i\p\Iarchaic\i or \Idial.\i = \J\Xcauseway\x.\j
<hw>caustic</hw> \K/"kO:stIk/, /"kQst-/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b that burns or corrodes organic tissue.\p\B2\b sarcastic, biting.\p\B3\b \IChem.\i strongly alkaline.\p\B4\b \IPhysics\i formed by the intersection of reflected or refracted parallel rays from a curved surface.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a caustic substance.\p\B2\b \IPhysics\i a caustic surface or curve. \Bcaustically\b \Iadv.\i \Bcausticity\b \K/-"tIsIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icausticus\i from Greek \Ikaustikos,\i from \Ikaustos\i 'burnt', from \Ikaio\i 'burn'\c
<hw>cauterize</hw> \K/"kO:t\F'\nrVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b \IMed.\i burn or coagulate (tissue) with a heated instrument or caustic substance, esp. to stop bleeding. \Bcauterization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \IcautΘriser\i via Late Latin \Icauterizare\i from Greek \Ikauteriazo,\i from \Ikauterion\i 'branding-iron', from \Ikaio\i 'burn'\c
<hw>cautery</hw> \K/"kO:t(\F'\n)ri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IMed.\i\p\B1\b an instrument or caustic for cauterizing.\p\B2\b the operation of cauterizing. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icauterium\i from Greek \Ikauterion:\i see \J\Xcauterize\x\j\c
<hw>caution</hw> \K/"kO:S(\F'\n)n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b attention to safety; prudence, carefulness.\p\B2\b \Ba\b \Besp. Brit.\b \ILaw\i a warning, esp. a formal one in law. \Bb\b a formal warning and reprimand.\p\B3\b \Icolloq.\i an amusing or surprising person or thing. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bagainst,\b or \Bto\b + infin.)\i warn or admonish.\p\B2\b \Besp. Brit.\b \ILaw\i issue a caution to. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Icautio -onis,\i from \Icavere caut-\i 'take heed'\c
<hw>cautionary</hw> \K/"kO:S(\F'\n)n(\F'\n)ri/\k \Iadj.\i that gives or serves as a warning \3(a cautionary tale).\c
<hw>caution money</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b a sum deposited as security for good conduct.
<hw>cautious</hw> \K/"kO:S\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i careful, prudent; attentive to safety. \Bcautiously\b \Iadv.\i \Bcautiousness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin: see \J\Xcaution\x\j\c
<hw>cavalcade</hw> \K/kav(\F'\n)l"keId/, /"kav(\F'\n)lkeId/\k\p\In.\i\pa procession or formal company of riders, motor vehicles, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3French from Italian \Icavalcata\i from \Icavalcare\i 'ride', ultimately from Latin \Icaballus\i 'packhorse'\c
<hw>cavalier</hw> \K/kav\F'\n"lI\F'\n/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPolit\i \Ihist.\i \B(Cavalier)\b a supporter of Charles I in the Civil War.\p\B2\b a courtly gentleman, esp. as a lady's escort.\p\B3\b \Iarchaic\i a horseman. \Iadj.\i offhand, supercilious, blasΘ. \Bcavalierly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French from Italian \Icavaliere,\i ultimately from Latin \Icaballus\i 'horse': cf. \J\Xcaballero\x,\j \J\Xchevalier\x\j\c
<hw>cavalry</hw> \K/"kav(\F'\n)lri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \I(usu. treated as \Bpl.)\b\i \IMil\i soldiers on horseback or in armoured vehicles. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icavallerie\i via Italian \Icavalleria\i from \Icavallo\i 'horse', from Latin \Icaballus\i\c
<hw>cavalryman</hw> \K/"kav(\F'\n)lrIm\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-men)\b \IMil\i a soldier of a cavalry regiment.
<hw>cavalry twill</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ITextiles\i a strong fabric in a double twill.
<hw>cavatina</hw> \K/kav\F'\n"ti:n\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMus\i\p\B1\b a short simple song.\p\B2\b a similar piece of instrumental music, usu. slow and emotional. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian\c
<hw>cave (1)</hw> \K/keIv/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IGeol\i a large hollow in the side of a cliff, hill, etc., or underground.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b \IPolit\i \Ihist.\i a dissident political group. \Iv.intr.\i explore caves, esp. interconnecting or underground.\p\Bcave in\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b (of a wall, earth over a hollow, etc.) subside, collapse. \Bb\b cause (a wall, earth, etc.) to do this.\p\B2\b yield or submit under pressure; give up. \Bcavelike\b \Iadj.\i \Bcaver\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Icava,\i from \Icavus\i 'hollow': \Icave in\i probably from E. Anglian dialect \Icalve in,\i ultimately from Germanic\c
<hw>caveat</hw> \K/"kavIat/, /"keI-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a warning or proviso.\p\B2\b \ILaw\i a process in court to suspend proceedings. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = let a person beware\c
<hw>caveat emptor</hw> \K/kavIat "EmptO:/\k\p\In.\i\pthe principle that the buyer alone is responsible if dissatisfied. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = let the buyer beware\c
<hw>cave bear</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i an extinct kind of large bear, whose bones have been found in caves.
<hw>cave dweller</hw>\p\In.\i\p= \J\Xcaveman\x.\j
<hw>cave-in</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a collapse of a wall, earth over a hollow, etc.\p\B2\b an instance of yielding under pressure.
<hw>caveman</hw> \K/"keIvman/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-men;\b \Ifem.\i \Bcavewoman,\b \Ipl.\i \B-women)\b\p\B1\b a prehistoric man living in a cave.\p\B2\b a primitive or crude man.\K-woman new f. SOED, corpus Dec 94\k
<hw>cave painting</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IArt Archaeol\i a prehistoric or primitive picture on the interior of a cave, esp. depicting animals.\Knew in COD9 f. COD box, NSOED Aug 93\k
<hw>cavern</hw> \K/"kav(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a cave, esp. a large or dark one.\p\B2\b a dark cavelike place, e.g. a room. \Bcavernous\b \Iadj.\i \Bcavernously\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Icaverne\i or from Latin \Icaverna,\i from \Icavus\i 'hollow'\c
<hw>caviar</hw> \K/"kavIA:/, /kavI"A:/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcaviare)\b the pickled roe of sturgeon or other large fish, eaten as a delicacy. \BEtymology:\b \3early forms representing Italian \Icaviale,\i French \Icaviar,\i probably from medieval Greek \Ikhavφari\i\c
<hw>cavil</hw> \K/"kav(\F'\n)l/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.intr.\i \B(cavilled,\b \Bcavilling;\b \BUS\b \Bcaviled,\b \Bcaviling)\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bat,\b \Babout)\b\i make petty objections; carp.\p\In.\i\pa trivial objection. \Bcaviller\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Icaviller\i from Latin \Icavillari,\i from \Icavilla\i 'mockery'\c
<hw>caving</hw> \K/"keIvIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISport\i exploring caves as a sport or pastime.
<hw>cavitation</hw> \K/kavI"teIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the formation of a cavity in a structure.\p\B2\b \IPhysics\i the formation of bubbles or cavities in a liquid by the movement through it of a propeller etc.
<hw>cavity</hw> \K/"kavIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b a hollow within a solid body.\p\B2\b \IDentistry\i a decayed part of a tooth. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IcavitΘ\i or Late Latin \Icavitas,\i from Latin \Icavus\i 'hollow'\c
<hw>cavity wall</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBuilding\i a wall formed from two skins of brick or blockwork with a space between.
<hw>cavy</hw> \K/"keIvi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IZool\i any small rodent of the family Caviidae, native to S. America and having a sturdy body and vestigial tail, including guinea pigs. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \Icavia\i from Galibi \Icabiai\i\c
<hw>caw</hw> \K/kO:/\k \In. & v.\i \IZool\i\p\In.\i\pthe harsh cry of a rook, crow, etc. \Iv.intr.\i utter this cry. \BEtymology:\b \3imitative\c
<hw>cay</hw> \K/keI/, /ki:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeol\i a low insular bank or reef of coral, sand, etc. \I(cf.\i \J\Xkey\x (2)).\j \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish \Icayo\i 'shoal, reef' from French \Iquai:\i see \J\Xquay\x\j\c
<hw>cayenne</hw> \K/keI"En/\k\p\In.\i\p(in full \Bcayenne pepper)\b \IFood\i a pungent red pepper prepared from ground dried chillies. \BEtymology:\b \3Tupi \Ikyynha\i assimilated to \ICayenne,\i the capital of French Guiana\c
<hw>cayman</hw> \K/"keIm\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcaiman)\b \IZool\i any of several reptiles related to alligators, esp. of the genus \ICaiman\i of Central and S. America. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish & Portuguese \Icaiman,\i from Carib \Iacayuman\i\c
<hw>CB</hw> \Iabbr.\i\p\B1\b \IRadio\i citizens' band.\p\B2\b (in the UK) Companion of the Order of the Bath.
<hw>CBC</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IBroadcasting\i Canadian Broadcasting Corporation.
<hw>CBE</hw> \Iabbr.\i Commander of the Order of the British Empire.
<hw>CBI</hw> \Iabbr.\i \ICommerce Industry\i (in the UK) Confederation of British Industry.
<hw>CBS</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IBroadcasting\i (in the US) Columbia Broadcasting System.
<hw>CC</hw> \Iabbr.\i\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b \IPolit\i \Ba\b City Council. \Bb\b County Council. \Bc\b County Councillor.\p\B2\b \ICricket\i Cricket Club.\p\B3\b Companion of the Order of Canada.
<hw>CCD</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IElectronics\i charge-coupled device, a high-speed semiconductor device used esp. in image detection.\Knew from NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k
<hw>Cd</hw> \Isymb.\i \IChem.\i the element cadmium.
<hw>Cd.</hw> \Iabbr.\i \BBrit.\b Command Paper (third series, 1900-18).
<hw>cd</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IPhysics\i candela.
<hw>CDC</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IMed\i (in the US) Centers for Disease Control.\Knew f. OERD, corpus, Inc., Sept 94\k
<hw>Cdr.</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IMil.\i Commander.
<hw>Cdre.</hw> \Iabbr.\i \INaut\i Commodore.
<hw>CD-ROM</hw> \K/si:di:"rQm/\k \Iabbr.\i \IComputing Electronics\i compact disc read-only memory (for retrieval of text or data on a VDU screen).
<hw>CDT</hw> \Iabbr.\i\p\B1\b \IHorol\i Central Daylight Time (one hour ahead of Central Standard Time).\p\B2\b \IEducation\i craft, design, and technology.\Ksense 2 new in COD9 f. POD, corpus, Incomings Aug 93\k
<hw>CD video</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IElectronics\i a system of simultaneously reproducing high-quality sound and video pictures from a compact disc.
<hw>CE</hw> \Iabbr.\i\p\B1\b \IRelig\i Church of England.\p\B2\b \IEngin\i civil engineer.\p\B3\b \IHorol\i Common Era.
<hw>Ce</hw> \Isymb.\i \IChem.\i the element cerium.
<hw>ceanothus</hw> \K/si:\F'\n"n\F'\nUT\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i any shrub of the genus \ICeanothus,\i with small blue or white flowers. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin, from Greek \Ikeanothos,\i a kind of thistle\c
<hw>cease</hw> \K/si:s/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.tr. & intr.\i stop; bring or come to an end \3(ceased breathing).\c\p\In.\i\p(in \Bwithout cease)\b unendingly.\p\1cease fire\c \IMil.\i stop firing. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Icesser,\i Latin \Icessare\i frequentative of \Icedere cess-\i 'yield'\c
<hw>ceasefire</hw> \K/"si:sfVI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMil.\i\p\B1\b an order to stop firing.\p\B2\b a period of truce; a suspension of hostilities.
<hw>ceaseless</hw> \K/"si:slIs/\k \Iadj.\i without end; not ceasing. \Bceaselessly\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>cedar</hw> \K/"si:d\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b any spreading evergreen conifer of the genus \ICedrus,\i bearing tufts of small needles and cones of papery scales, esp. (more fully \Bcedar of Lebanon)\b Cedrus libani, native to Asia Minor.\p\B2\b any of various similar conifers yielding timber.\p\B3\b = \J\Xcedarwood\x.\j \Bcedarn\b \Iadj.\i \Ipoet.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icedre\i and Latin \Icedrus\i from Greek \Ikedros\i\c
<hw>cedarwood</hw> \K/"si:d\F'\nwUd/\k\p\In.\i\pthe fragrant durable wood of any cedar tree.
<hw>cede</hw> \K/si:d/\k \Iv.tr.\i give up one's rights to or possession of. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IcΘder\i or Latin \Icedere\i 'yield'\c
<hw>cedi</hw> \K/"si:di/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i same or \Bcedis)\b \ICurrency\i the chief monetary unit of Ghana.\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED Mar 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Ghanaian, perhaps from alteration of \J\Xshilling\x\j\c
<hw>cedilla</hw> \K/sI"dIl\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILinguistics\i\p\B1\b a mark written under the letter \Ic,\i esp. in French, to show that it is sibilant (as in \Ifaτade).\i\p\B2\b a similar mark under \Is\i in Turkish and other oriental languages. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish \Icedilla,\i diminutive of \Izeda,\i from Greek \Izeta,\i the letter Z\c
<hw>Ceefax</hw> \K/"si:faks/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ITelev\i \Ipropr.\i a teletext service provided by the BBC. \BEtymology:\b \3representing the pronunciation of \Isee\iing + \Ifacs\iimile\c
<hw>CEGB</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IElectr\i (in the UK) Central Electricity Generating Board.
<hw>ceilidh</hw> \K/"keIli/\k\p\In.\i\p\Borig. Ir.\b & \BSc.\b \IMus. etc.\i an informal gathering for conversation, music, dancing, songs, and stories. \BEtymology:\b \3Gaelic, from Old Irish \IcΘilide\i 'visit, visiting' from \IcΘile\i 'companion'\c
<hw>ceiling</hw> \K/"si:lIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IArchit\i \Ba\b the upper interior surface of a room or other similar compartment. \Bb\b the material forming this.\p\B2\b \IEcon\i an upper limit on prices, wages, performance, etc.\p\B3\b \IAeron.\i the maximum altitude a given aircraft can reach.\p\B4\b \INaut.\i the inside planking of a ship's bottom and sides. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English \Icelynge,\i \Isiling,\i perhaps ultimately from Latin \Icaelum\i 'heaven' or \Icelare\i 'hide'\c
<hw>celadon</hw> \K/"sEl\F'\ndQn/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a willow-green colour.\p\B2\b \IPottery\i a grey-green glaze used on some pottery.\p\B3\b Chinese pottery glazed in this way. \Iadj.\i of a grey-green colour. \BEtymology:\b \3French, from the name of the hero in d'UrfΘ's pastoral romance \IL'AstrΘe\i (1607-27)\c
<hw>celandine</hw> \K/"sEl\F'\nndVIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i either of two yellow-flowered plants, the greater celandine, Chelidonium majus, and the lesser celandine, Ranunculus ficaria. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English and Old French \Icelidoine,\i ultimately from Greek \Ikhelidon\i 'swallow': the flowering of the plant was associated with the arrival of swallows\c
<hw>celeb</hw> \K/sI"lEb/\k\p\In.\i\p\Icolloq.\i = \J\Xcelebrity\x 1.\j\Knew f. Incs, NSOED Oct 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation\c
<hw>celebrant</hw> \K/"sElIbr(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i a person who performs a rite, esp. a priest at the Eucharist. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IcΘlΘbrant\i or Latin \Icelebrare celebrant-:\i \Isee\i \J\Xcelebrate\x\j\c
<hw>celebrate</hw> \K/"sElIbreIt/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i mark (a festival or special event) with festivities etc.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i perform publicly and duly (a religious ceremony etc.).\p\B3\b \IRelig\i \Ba\b \Itr.\i officiate at (the Eucharist). \Bb\b \Iintr.\i officiate, esp. at the Eucharist.\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i engage in festivities, usu. after a special event etc.\p\B5\b \Itr.\i (esp. as \Bcelebrated\b \Iadj.)\i honour publicly, make widely known. \Bcelebration\b \K/-"breIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bcelebrator\b\p\In.\i\p\Bcelebratory\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icelebrare\i from \Iceleber -bris\i 'frequented, honoured'\c
<hw>celebrity</hw> \K/sI"lEbrIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \ITheatr\i a well-known person.\p\B2\b fame. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IcΘlΘbritΘ\i or Latin \Icelebritas,\i from \Iceleber:\i see \J\Xcelebrate\x\j\c
<hw>celeriac</hw> \K/sI"lErIak/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a variety of celery with a swollen turnip-like stem base used as a vegetable. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xcelery\x:\j \I-ac\i is unexplained\c
<hw>celerity</hw> \K/sI"lErIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Iarchaic\i or \Iliterary\i swiftness (esp. of a living creature). \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via French \IcΘlΘritΘ\i from Latin \Iceleritas -tatis,\i from \Iceler\i 'swift'\c
<hw>celery</hw> \K/"sEl\F'\nri/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i an umbelliferous plant, Apium graveolens, with closely packed succulent leaf-stalks used as a vegetable. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IcΘleri\i via Italian dialect \Iselleri\i and Latin \Iselinum\i from Greek \Iselinon\i 'parsley'\c
<hw>celery pine</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i an Australasian tree, Phyllocladus trichomanoides, with branchlets like celery leaves.
<hw>celesta</hw> \K/sI"lEst\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMus.\i a small keyboard instrument resembling a glockenspiel, with hammers striking steel plates suspended over wooden resonators, giving an ethereal bell-like sound. \BEtymology:\b \3pseudo-Latin from French \IcΘleste:\i see \J\Xceleste\x\j\c
<hw>celeste</hw> \K/sI"lEst/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMus.\i\p\B1\b an organ and harmonium stop with a soft tremulous tone.\p\B2\b = \J\Xcelesta\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3French \IcΘleste\i 'heavenly' from Latin \Icaelestis,\i from \Icaelum\i 'heaven'\c
<hw>celestial</hw> \K/sI"lEstI\F'\nl/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b heavenly; divinely good or beautiful; sublime.\p\B2\b of the sky, or of outer space as observed in astronomy etc. \Bcelestially\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French and medieval Latin from Latin \Icaelestis:\i see \J\Xceleste\x\j\c
<hw>celestial equator</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IGeog\i the great circle of the sky in the plane perpendicular to the earth's axis.
<hw>celestial navigation</hw>\p\In.\i\pnavigation by the stars etc.
<hw>celestial sphere</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAstron.\i an imaginary sphere of which the observer is the centre and in which celestial objects are represented as lying.\Knew from POD8 Aug 93\k
<hw>celibate</hw> \K/"sElIb\F'\nt/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b committed to abstention from sexual relations and from marriage, esp. for religious reasons.\p\B2\b abstaining from sexual relations.\p\In.\i\pa celibate person. \Bcelibacy\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \IcΘlibat\i or Latin \Icaelibatus\i 'unmarried state', from \Icaelebs -ibis\i 'unmarried'\c
<hw>cell</hw> \K/sEl/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ICriminol Relig\i a small room, esp. in a prison or monastery.\p\B2\b \IZool\i a small compartment, e.g. in a honeycomb.\p\B3\b \IPolit\i a small group as a nucleus of political activity, esp. of a subversive kind.\p\B4\b \IEccl\i \Ihist.\i a small monastery or nunnery dependent on a larger one.\p\B5\b \IBiol.\i \Ba\b the structural and functional usu. microscopic unit of an organism, consisting of cytoplasm and a nucleus enclosed in a membrane. \Bb\b an enclosed cavity in an organism etc.\p\B6\b \IElectr.\i a vessel for containing electrodes within an electrolyte for current-generation or electrolysis. \Bcelled\b \Iadj.\i \I(also in \Bcomb.).\b\i \Bcell-like\b \Iadj.\i\K-like new f. corpus Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Icelle\i or from Latin \Icella\i 'storeroom, chamber'\c
<hw>cellar</hw> \K/"sEl\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a room below ground level in a house, used for storage, esp. of wine or coal.\p\B2\b \IDrink\i a stock of wine in a cellar \3(has a good cellar).\c \Iv.tr.\i store or put in a cellar. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Anglo-French \Iceler,\i Old French \Icelier\i from Late Latin \Icellarium\i 'storehouse'\c
<hw>cellarage</hw> \K/"sEl\F'\nrIdZ/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b cellar accommodation.\p\B2\b the charge for the use of a cellar or storehouse.
<hw>cellarer</hw> \K/"sEl\F'\nr\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IDrink\i \Ihist.\i a monastic officer in charge of wine.
<hw>cellaret</hw> \K/sEl\F'\n"rEt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b also \Bcellarette)\b \IFurniture\i a case or sideboard for holding wine bottles in a dining room.
<hw>cellarman</hw> \K/"sEl\F'\nm\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\pa man in charge of a wine cellar.\Knew f. SOED, corpus Sep 93\k
<hw>cell block</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICriminol\i a block of prison cells.\Knew f. corpus Sep 93\k
<hw>Cellnet</hw> \K/"sElnEt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IElectronics Telephony\i \Ipropr.\i a cellular telephone service.\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED, corpus Aug 93\k
<hw>cello</hw> \K/"tSEl\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b a bass instrument of the violin family, held upright on the floor between the legs of the seated player. \Bcellist\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation of \J\Xvioloncello\x\j\c
<hw>cellophane</hw> \K/"sEl\F'\nfeIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\Ipropr.\i a thin transparent wrapping material made from viscose. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xcellulose\x\j + \I-phane\i (suggested by \J\Xdiaphanous\x)\j\c
<hw>cellphone</hw> \K/"sElf\F'\nUn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IElectronics Telephony\i a small portable radio-telephone having access to a cellular radio system.
<hw>cellular</hw> \K/"sEljUl\F'\n/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of or having small compartments or cavities.\p\B2\b of open texture; porous.\p\B3\b \IPhysiol.\i of or consisting of cells.\p\B4\b \ITelephony\i designating or relating to a mobile telephone system that uses a number of short-range radio stations to cover the area it serves, the signal being automatically switched from one station to another as the user travels about.\Ksense 4 new f. SOED Aug 93\k \Bcellularity\b \K/-"larIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bcellulate\b \Iadj.\i \Bcellulous\b \Iadj.\i\Kcellulation omitted Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icellulaire\i from modern Latin \Icellularis:\i see \J\Xcellule\x\j\c
<hw>cellular blanket</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ITextiles\i a blanket of open texture.
<hw>cellular phone</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcellular radio)\b \ITelephony\i a system of mobile radio-telephone transmission with an area divided into 'cells' each served by its own small transmitter.\Kcellular phone new f. corpus Nov 94\k
<hw>cellular plant</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a plant with no distinct stem, leaves, etc.
<hw>cellule</hw> \K/"sElju:l/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiol.\i a small cell or cavity. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icellule\i or Latin \Icellula,\i diminutive of \Icella\i \J\Xcell\x\j\c
<hw>cellulite</hw> \K/"sEljUlVIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a lumpy form of fat, esp. on the hips and thighs of women, causing puckering of the skin. \BEtymology:\b \3French (as \J\Xcellule\x)\j\c
<hw>cellulitis</hw> \K/sEljU"lVItIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i inflammation of subcutaneous connective tissue.
<hw>celluloid</hw> \K/"sEljUlOId/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IChem\i a transparent flammable plastic made from camphor and nitrocellulose.\p\B2\b \ICinematog\i cinema film. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xcellulose\x\j + \J\X-oid\x\j\c
<hw>cellulose</hw> \K/"sEljUl\F'\nUz/, /-s/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBiochem.\i a carbohydrate forming the main constituent of plant cell walls, used in the production of textile fibres.\p\B2\b (in general use) a paint or lacquer consisting of esp. cellulose acetate or nitrate in solution. \Bcellulosic\b \K/-"l\F'\nUsIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French (as \J\Xcellule\x)\j\c
<hw>cellulose acetate</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i the cellulose ester of acetic acid, widely used as an artificial fibre or plastic.\Knew from NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k
<hw>cell wall</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBiol.\i the rigid layer that encloses a plant or bacterial cell.\Knew from NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k
<hw>Celsius</hw> \K/"sElsI\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i \IPhysics\i of or denoting a temperature on the Celsius scale. \BEtymology:\b \3named after A. \ICelsius,\i Swedish astronomer d. 1744\c See Usage Note at \J\Xcentigrade\x.\j
<hw>Celsius scale</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i a scale of temperature on which water freezes at 0░ and boils at 100░ under standard conditions.
<hw>Celt</hw> \K/kElt/, /s-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnthropol People\i a member of a group of western European peoples, including the pre-Roman inhabitants of Britain and Gaul and their descendants, esp. in Ireland, Wales, Scotland, Cornwall, Brittany, and the Isle of Man. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \ICeltae\i (pl.) from Greek \IKeltoi\i\c
<hw>celt</hw> \K/sElt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IArchaeol.\i a stone or metal prehistoric implement with a chisel edge. \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Iceltes\i 'chisel'\c
<hw>Celtic</hw> \K/"kEltIk/, /"s-/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IAnthropol\i \Iadj.\i of or relating to the Celts.\p\In.\i\p\ILanguage\i a group of languages spoken by Celtic peoples, including Gaelic, Welsh, Cornish, and Breton. \BCelticism\b \K/-sIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icelticus\i (as \J\XCelt\x)\j or French \Iceltique\i\c
<hw>Celtic cross</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IEccl\i a Latin cross with a circle round the centre.
<hw>Celtic fringe</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IGeog People\i\p\B1\b the Highland Scots, Irish, Welsh, and Cornish in relation to the rest of Britain.\p\B2\b the land inhabited by these peoples.\Knew in COD9 f. corpus, NSOED Aug 93\k
<hw>cembalo</hw> \K/"tSEmb\F'\nl\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b \IMus\i a harpsichord. \Bcembalist\b\p\In.\i\p\K-list new in COD9 f. OED, COD box Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation of \J\Xclavicembalo\x\j\c
<hw>cement</hw> \K/sI"mEnt/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBuilding\i a powdery substance made by calcining lime and clay, mixed with water to form mortar or used in concrete (see also \J\XPortland cement\x).\j\p\B2\b any similar substance that hardens and fastens on setting.\p\B3\b a uniting factor or principle.\p\B4\b \IMed Dentistry\i a substance for filling cavities in teeth.\p\B5\b (also \Bcementum)\b \IAnat.\i a thin layer of bony material that fixes teeth to the jaw. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b unite with or as with cement. \Bb\b establish or strengthen (a friendship etc.).\p\B2\b apply cement to.\p\B3\b line or cover with cement. \Bcementer\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iciment\i from Latin \Icaementum\i 'quarry stone', from \Icaedere\i 'hew'\c
<hw>cementation</hw> \K/si:mEn"teIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or process of cementing or being cemented.\p\B2\b \IMetallurgy\i the heating of iron with charcoal powder to form steel.
<hw>cement mixer</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBuilding\i a machine (usu. with a revolving drum) for mixing cement with water.
<hw>cemetery</hw> \K/"sEmItri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b a burial ground, esp. one not in a churchyard. \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Icoemeterium\i from Greek \Ikoimeterion\i 'dormitory', from \Ikoimao\i 'put to sleep'\c
<hw>cenotaph</hw> \K/"sEn\F'\ntA:f/, /-taf/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i a tomblike monument, esp. a war memorial, to a dead person whose body is elsewhere. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IcΘnotaphe\i from Late Latin \Icenotaphium,\i from Greek \Ikenos\i 'empty' + \Itaphos\i 'tomb'\c
<hw>Cenozoic</hw> \K/si:n\F'\n"z\F'\nUIk/\k \Iadj. & n.\i (also \BCainozoic\b \K/kVIn\F'\n-/\k) \IGeol.\i \Iadj.\i of or relating to the most recent era of geological time, marked by the evolution and development of mammals, birds, and flowers. Cf. Appendix X.\p\In.\i\pthis era (cf. \J\XMesozoic\x,\j \J\XPalaeozoic\x).\j \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ikainos\i 'new' + \Izoion\i 'animal'\c
<hw>censer</hw> \K/"sEns\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i a vessel in which incense is burnt, esp. during a religious procession or ceremony. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Anglo-French \Icenser,\i Old French \Icensier\i from \Iencens\i \J\Xincense\x (1)\j\c
<hw>censor</hw> \K/"sEns\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i \ILiterature Cinematog\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an official authorized to examine printed matter, films, news, etc., before public release, and to suppress any parts on the grounds of obscenity, a threat to security, etc.\p\B2\b \IRom.Hist.\i either of two annual magistrates responsible for holding censuses and empowered to supervise public morals.\p\B3\b \IPsychol.\i an impulse which is said to prevent certain ideas and memories from emerging into consciousness. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b act as a censor of.\p\B2\b make deletions or changes in. \Bcensorial\b \K/-"sO:rI\F'\nl/\k \Iadj.\i \Bcensorship\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin from \Icensere\i 'assess': in sense 3 mistranslation of German \IZensur\i 'censorship'\c As a verb, \Icensor\i is often confused with \Icensure\i 'to criticize sharply'.
<hw>censorious</hw> \K/sEn"sO:rI\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i severely critical; fault-finding; quick or eager to criticize. \Bcensoriously\b \Iadv.\i \Bcensoriousness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icensorius:\i see \J\Xcensor\x\j\c
<hw>censure</hw> \K/"sEnS\F'\n/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.tr.\i criticize harshly; reprove.\p\In.\i\pharsh criticism; expression of disapproval. \Bcensurable\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Icensura,\i from \Icensere\i 'assess'\c See Usage Note at \J\Xcensor\x.\j
<hw>census</hw> \K/"sEns\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bcensuses)\b the official count of a population or of a class of things, often with various statistics noted. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin from \Icensere\i 'assess'\c
<hw>cent</hw> \K/sEnt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ICurrency\i \Ba\b a monetary unit in various countries, equal to one-hundredth of a dollar or other decimal currency unit. \Bb\b a coin of this value.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i a very small sum of money.\p\B3\b \Isee\i \J\Xper cent\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icent,\i Italian \Icento,\i or Latin \Icentum\i 'hundred'\c
<hw>cent.</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IHorol\i century.
<hw>centaur</hw> \K/"sEntO:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMythol\i a creature in Greek mythology with the head, arms, and torso of a man and the body and legs of a horse. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Latin \Icentaurus\i from Greek \Ikentauros,\i of unknown origin: the Greek name for a Thessalonian tribe of expert horsemen\c
<hw>centaury</hw> \K/"sEntO:ri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IBot\i any plant of the genus \ICentaurium,\i esp. C. erythraea, formerly used in medicine. \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Icentaurea,\i ultimately from Greek \Ikentauros\i \J\Xcentaur\x:\j from the legend that it was discovered by the centaur Chiron\c
<hw>centavo</hw> \K/sEn"tA:v\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICurrency\i \I(pl.\i \B-os)\b a small coin of Spain, Portugal, and some Latin American countries, worth one-hundredth of the standard unit. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish from Latin \Icentum\i 'hundred'\c
<hw>centenarian</hw> \K/sEntI"nE:rI\F'\nn/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\pa person a hundred or more years old. \Iadj.\i a hundred or more years old.
<hw>centenary</hw> \K/sEn"ti:n\F'\nri/, /-"tEn-/; /"sEntIn\F'\nri/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \IHorol\i a hundredth anniversary.\p\B2\b a celebration of this. \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of or relating to a centenary.\p\B2\b occurring every hundred years. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icentenarius\i via \Icenteni\i 'a hundred each' from \Icentum\i 'a hundred'\c
<hw>centennial</hw> \K/sEn"tEnI\F'\nl/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b lasting for a hundred years.\p\B2\b occurring every hundred years.\p\In.\i\p= \J\Xcentenary\x\p\In.\i\p\j \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icentum\i 'a hundred', on the pattern of \J\Xbiennial\x\j\c
<hw>centesimal</hw> \K/sEn"tEsIm(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i reckoning or reckoned by hundredths. \Bcentesimally\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icentesimus\i 'hundredth' from \Icentum\i 'a hundred'\c
<hw>centi-</hw> \K/"sEnti/\k \Icomb. form\i \ISci\i\p\B1\b one-hundredth, esp. of a unit in the metric system \3(centigram;\c \2centilitre).\c\p\B2\b hundred (abbr.: \Bc).\b\Kabbr\k \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icentum\i 'a hundred'\c
<hw>centigrade</hw> \K/"sEntIgreId/\k \Iadj.\i \IPhysics\i\p\B1\b = \J\XCelsius\x.\j\p\B2\b having a scale of a hundred degrees. \BEtymology:\b \3French, from Latin \Icentum\i 'a hundred' + \Igradus\i 'step'\c In sense 1, \ICelsius\i is usually preferred in technical contexts.
<hw>centigram</hw> \K/"sEntIgram/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcentigramme)\b \ISci\i a metric unit of mass, equal to one-hundredth of a gram.
<hw>centilitre</hw> \K/"sEntIli:t\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Bcentiliter)\b \ISci\i a metric unit of capacity, equal to one-hundredth of a litre.
<hw>centime</hw> \K/"sQnti:m/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICurrency\i\p\B1\b a monetary unit in various countries, equal to one-hundredth of a franc or other decimal currency unit.\p\B2\b a coin of this value. \BEtymology:\b \3French from Latin \Icentum\i 'a hundred'\c
<hw>centimetre</hw> \K/"sEntImi:t\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Bcentimeter)\b \ISci\i a metric unit of length, equal to one-hundredth of a metre.
<hw>centimetre-gram-second system</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ISci\i the system of measurement using the centimetre, the gram, and the second as basic units of length, mass, and time respectively (abbr.: \Bcgs).\b\Kabbr\k\KAug 92 aaw\k
<hw>centipede</hw> \K/"sEntIpi:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a predatory arthropod of the class Chilopoda, with a flattened elongated body of many segments, most bearing a pair of legs. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IcentipΦde\i or Latin \Icentipeda,\i from \Icentum\i 'a hundred' + \Ipes pedis\i 'foot'\c
<hw>cento</hw> \K/"sEnt\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b \ILiterature\i a composition made up of quotations from other authors. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = patchwork garment\c
<hw>central</hw> \K/"sEntr(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of, at, or forming the centre.\p\B2\b from the centre.\p\B3\b chief, essential, most important. \Bcentrality\b \K/-"tralIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bcentrally\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icentral\i or Latin \Icentralis,\i from \Icentrum\i \J\Xcentre\x\j\c
<hw>Central America</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IGeog\i the isthmus joining North and South America. \BCentral American\b \Iadj.\i\KC. American new f. corpus Sept 94\k
<hw>central bank</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i a national bank issuing currency etc.
<hw>central heating</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBuilding\i a method of warming a building by pipes, radiators, etc., fed from a central source of heat.
<hw>centralism</hw> \K/"sEntr(\F'\n)lIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i a system that centralizes (esp. an administration) (see also \J\Xdemocratic centralism\x).\j \Bcentralist\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>centralize</hw> \K/"sEntr\F'\nlVIz/\k\p\Iv.\i\p(also \B-ise)\b\p\B1\b \Itr. & intr.\i bring or come to a centre.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \IPolit\i \Ba\b concentrate (administration) at a single centre. \Bb\b subject (a state) to this system. \Bcentralization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>central locking</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMotoring\i a locking system in motor vehicles whereby the locks of several doors can be operated from a single lock.\Knew f. corpus Aug 93\k
<hw>central nervous system</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAnat.\i the complex of nerve tissues that controls the activities of the body, in vertebrates the brain and spinal cord.
<hw>central processing unit</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcentral processor)\b the part of a computer in which the control and execution of operations occur (abbr.: \BCPU).\b\Kabbr\k\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k
<hw>central reservation</hw> \IMotoring\i \Isee\i \J\Xreservation\x 5.\j\Knew f. SOED, corpus Aug 93\k
<hw>Central Standard Time</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \BCentral Time)\b the standard time in a zone including the central states of the US and provinces of Canada, six hours behind GMT.\Knew f. JHM Sept 94\k
<hw>centre</hw> \K/"sEnt\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i \B(US\b \Bcenter)\b\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the middle point, esp. of a line, circle, or sphere, equidistant from the ends or from any point on the circumference or surface.\p\B2\b a pivot or axis of rotation.\p\B3\b \Ba\b a place or group of buildings forming a central point in a district, city, etc., or a main area for an activity \3(shopping centre;\c \2town centre).\c \Bb\b (with preceding word) a piece or set of equipment for a number of connected functions \3(music centre).\c\p\B4\b a point of concentration or dispersion; a nucleus or source.\p\B5\b \IPolit\i a political party or group holding moderate opinions.\p\B6\b the filling in a chocolate etc.\p\B7\b \ISport\i \Ba\b the middle player in a line or group in some field games. \Bb\b a kick or hit from the side to the centre of the pitch.\p\B8\b \IMech\i (in a lathe etc.) a conical adjustable support for the workpiece.\p\B9\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i of or at the centre.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bin,\b \Bon;\b\i \I\Idisp.\i foll. by \Iround)\i\i have as its main centre; focus on.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i place in the centre.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i mark with a centre.\p\B4\b \Itr.\i \I(foll. by \Bin,\b \Bon,\b etc.)\i concentrate or focus (a thing) in, around, etc.\p\B5\b \Itr.\i \ISport\i kick or hit (the ball) from the side to the centre of the pitch. \Bcentred\b \Iadj.\i \I(often in \Bcomb.).\b\i \Bcentremost\b \Iadj.\i \Bcentric\b \Iadj.\i \Bcentrical\b \Iadj.\i \Bcentricity\b \K/-"trIsIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icentre\i or Latin \Icentrum\i from Greek \Ikentron\i 'sharp point, stationary point of a pair of compasses'\c The use of the verb \Icentre\i in sense 1 'to focus on' with \Iround\i is common and found among good writers, but it is still considered incorrect by some people because centre designates a specific point. In such cases it is better to use \Icentre on,\i e.g. \IThe discussion centred on ways of raising money.\i
<hw>centre-back</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ISport\i a middle player or position in a back line.\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED, POD Aug 93\k
<hw>centre bit</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICarpentry\i a boring tool with a centre point and side cutters.
<hw>centreboard</hw> \K/"sEnt\F'\nbO:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Bcenterboard)\b \INaut\i a board for lowering through a boat's keel to prevent leeway.
<hw>centrefold</hw> \K/"sEnt\F'\nf\F'\nUld/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Bcenterfold)\b \IJournalism\i\p\B1\b a printed and usu. illustrated sheet folded to form the centre spread of a magazine etc.\p\B2\b a model, usu. naked or scantily clad, pictured on such a spread.\Ksense 2 new in COD9 f. NSOED Aug 93\k
<hw>centre forward</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ISport\i the middle player or position in a forward line.
<hw>centre half</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ISport\i the middle player or position in a defensive line.
<hw>centreing</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xcentring\x.\j
<hw>centre line</hw>\p\In.\i\pa real or imaginary line through the centre of a thing.\Knew f. corpus, SOED Sep 93\k
<hw>centre of attention</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person or thing that draws general attention.\p\B2\b \IPhysics\i the point to which bodies tend by gravity.
<hw>centre of flotation</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i the centre of gravity in a floating body.
<hw>centre of gravity</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i a point from which the weight of a body or system may be considered to act: in uniform gravity the same as the centre of mass.
<hw>centre of mass</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i a point representing the mean position of the matter in a body or system.
<hw>centrepiece</hw> \K/"sEnt\F'\npi:s/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an ornament for the middle of a table.\p\B2\b a principal item.
<hw>centre spread</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IJournalism\i the two facing middle pages of a newspaper etc.
<hw>centre stage</hw> \In. & adv.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ITheatr\i the centre of a stage.\p\B2\b the centre of attention. \Iadv.\i in or into this position.\Knew f. corpus Sep 93\k
<hw>-centric</hw> \K/"sEntrIk/\k \Icomb. form\i forming adjectives with the sense 'having a (specified) centre' \3(anthropocentric;\c \2eccentric).\c \BEtymology:\b \3on the pattern of \Iconcentric\i etc. from Greek \Ikentrikos:\i see \J\Xcentre\x\j\c
<hw>centrifugal</hw> \K/sEn"trIfjUg(\F'\n)l/, /"sEntrIfju:g(\F'\n)l/, /sEntrI"fju:g(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \IPhysics\i moving or tending to move from a centre \I(cf.\i \J\Xcentripetal\x).\j \Bcentrifugally\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \Icentrifugus,\i from Latin \Icentrum\i 'centre' + \Ifugere\i 'flee'\c
<hw>centrifugal force</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i an apparent force that acts outwards on a body moving about a centre, caused by the body's inertia.
<hw>centrifuge</hw> \K/"sEntrIfju:dZ/\k \In. & v.\i \IPhysics\i\p\In.\i\pa machine with a rapidly rotating container designed to apply centrifugal force to its contents, usu. to separate liquids from solids, or fluids of different densities (e.g. cream from milk). \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b subject to the action of a centrifuge.\p\B2\b separate by centrifuge. \Bcentrifugation\b \K/-fjU"geIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>centring</hw> \K/"sEntrIN/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcentreing\b \K/"sEnt(\F'\n)rIN/\k, \BUS\b \Bcentering\b \K/"sEnt(\F'\n)rIN/\k) \IArchit\i a temporary frame used to support an arch, dome, etc., while under construction.
<hw>centriole</hw> \K/"sEntrI\F'\nUl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiol.\i a minute organelle, usu. within a centrosome, involved esp. in the development of spindles in cell division. \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Icentriolum,\i diminutive of \Icentrum\i 'centre'\c
<hw>centripetal</hw> \K/sEn"trIpIt(\F'\n)l/, /"sEntrIpi:t(\F'\n)l/, /sEntrI"pi:t(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \IPhysics\i moving or tending to move towards a centre \I(cf.\i \J\Xcentrifugal\x).\j \Bcentripetally\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \Icentripetus,\i from Latin \Icentrum\i 'centre' + \Ipetere\i 'seek'\c
<hw>centripetal force</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i a force acting on a moving body in the direction of the centre about which it is moving.
<hw>centrist</hw> \K/"sEntrIst/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPolit.\i often \Iderog.\i a person who holds moderate views. \Bcentrism\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>centromere</hw> \K/"sEntr\F'\nmI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiol.\i the point on a chromosome by which it is attached to the spindle during cell division. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icentrum\i 'centre' + Greek \Imeros\i 'part'\c
<hw>centrosome</hw> \K/"sEntr\F'\ns\F'\nUm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiol.\i a distinct part of the cytoplasm in a cell, usu. near the nucleus, that contains the centriole. \BEtymology:\b \3German \ICentrosoma,\i from Latin \Icentrum\i 'centre' + Greek \Isoma\i 'body'\c
<hw>centuple</hw> \K/"sEntjUp(\F'\n)l/\k \In., adj., & v.\i\p\In.\i\pa hundredfold amount. \Iadj.\i increased a hundredfold. \Iv.tr.\i multiply by a hundred; increase a hundredfold. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icentuple\i or ecclesiastical Latin \Icentuplus,\i \Icentuplex,\i from Latin \Icentum\i 'hundred'\c
<hw>centurion</hw> \K/sEn"tjU\F'\nrI\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRom.Hist\i the commander of a century in the ancient Roman army. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Icenturio -onis\i (as \J\Xcentury\x)\j\c
<hw>century</hw> \K/"sEntSUri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b \IHorol\i a period of one hundred years. \Bb\b any of the centuries reckoned from the birth of Christ \3(twentieth century = 1901-2000;\c \2fifth century bc = 500-401 bc).\c\p\B2\b \Ba\b \ISport\i a score etc. of a hundred in a sporting event, esp. a hundred runs by one batsman in cricket. \Bb\b a group of a hundred things.\p\B3\b \IRom.Hist\i \Ba\b a company in the ancient Roman army, originally of 100 men. \Bb\b an ancient Roman political division for voting. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icenturia\i from \Icentum\i 'hundred'\c Strictly speaking, since the first century ran from the year 1-100, the first year of a given century should be that ending in 01. However, in popular use this has been moved back a year, and so the twenty-first century will commonly be regarded as running from 2000-2099.
<hw>century plant</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i the American aloe, Agave americana (see \J\Xaloe\x 3).\j
<hw>cep</hw> \K/sEp/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot Food\i an edible mushroom, Boletus edulis, with a stout stalk, a smooth brown cap, and pores rather than gills. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IcΦpe\i via Gascon \Icep\i from Latin \Icippus\i 'stake'\c
<hw>cephalic</hw> \K/sI"falIk/, /kE-/\k \Iadj.\i \IAnat\i of or in the head. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IcΘphalique\i via Latin \Icephalicus\i from Greek \Ikephalikos,\i from \Ikephale\i 'head'\c
<hw>cephalic index</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAnthropol.\i a number expressing the ratio of a head's greatest breadth and length.
<hw>cephalopod</hw> \K/"sEf(\F'\n)l\F'\npQd/, /"kE-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a marine mollusc of the class Cephalopoda, having a distinct head with large eyes and a ring of tentacles around a beaked mouth, including the octopus, squid, and cuttlefish. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ikephale\i 'head' + \Ipous podos\i 'foot'\c
<hw>cephalothorax</hw> \K/sEf(\F'\n)l\F'\nU"TO:raks/, /kE-/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-thoraces\b \K/-r\F'\nsi:z/\k or \B-thoraxes)\b \IAnat.\i the fused head and thorax of a spider, crab, or other arthropod.
<hw>cepheid</hw> \K/"si:fIId/, /"sE-/\k\p\In.\i\p(in full \Bcepheid variable)\b \IAstron.\i a variable star having a regular cycle of brightness with a frequency related to its luminosity, so allowing estimation of its distance. \BEtymology:\b \3from the name of the variable star \IDelta Cephei,\i which typifies this class of stars\c
<hw>ceramic</hw> \K/sI"ramIk/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IPottery\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b made of (esp.) clay and permanently hardened by heat \3(a ceramic bowl).\c\p\B2\b of or relating to ceramics \3(the ceramic arts).\c\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a ceramic article or product.\p\B2\b a substance, esp. clay, used to make ceramic articles. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ikeramikos\i from \Ikeramos\i 'pottery'\c
<hw>ceramicist</hw> \K/sI"ramIsIst/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPottery\i a person who makes ceramics.\Kceramist omitted, ceramicist new f. corpus, SOED Sep 93\k
<hw>ceramics</hw> \K/sI"ramIks/\k \In.pl.\i \IPottery\i\p\B1\b ceramic products collectively \3(exhibition of ceramics).\c\p\B2\b \I(usu. treated as \Bsing.)\b\i the art of making ceramic articles.
<hw>cerastes</hw> \K/sI"rasti:z/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a N. African viper of the genus \ICerastes,\i esp. C. cerastes, which has a sharp upright spike over each eye. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, from Greek \Ikerastes\i from \Ikeras\i 'horn'\c
<hw>cerastium</hw> \K/sI"rastI\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i any plant of the genus \ICerastium\i (pink family), with white flowers and often horn-shaped capsules. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin, from Greek \Ikerastes\i 'horned' from \Ikeras\i 'horn'\c
<hw>cercaria</hw> \K/s\F'\n:"kE:rI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-iae\b \K/-Ii:/\k) \IZool.\i & \IMed.\i a free-swimming larval stage in which a parasitic fluke passes from an intermediate host (often a snail) to another intermediate host or to the final vertebrate host.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin, formed irregularly from Greek \Ikerkos\i 'tail'\c
<hw>cercus</hw> \K/"s\F'\n:k\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bcerci\b \K/-kVI/\k) \IZool.\i either of a pair of small appendages at the end of the abdomen of some insects and other arthropods.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin, from Greek \Ikerkos\i 'tail'\c
<hw>cere</hw> \K/sI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnat Zool\i a waxy fleshy covering at the base of the upper beak in some birds. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icera\i 'wax'\c
<hw>cereal</hw> \K/"sI\F'\nrI\F'\nl/\k \In. & adj\i \IBot\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i \Ba\b any kind of grain used for food. \Bb\b any grass producing this, e.g. wheat, maize, rye, etc.\p\B2\b \IFood\i a breakfast food made from a cereal and requiring no cooking. \Iadj.\i of or relating to edible grain or products of it. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icerealis\i from \ICeres,\i the name of the goddess of agriculture\c
<hw>cerebellum</hw> \K/sErI"bEl\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bcerebellums\b or \Bcerebella\b \K/-l\F'\n/\k) \IAnat\i the part of the brain at the back of the skull in vertebrates, which coordinates and regulates muscular activity. \Bcerebellar\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, diminutive of \J\Xcerebrum\x\j\c
<hw>cerebral</hw> \K/"sErIbr(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IAnat\i of the brain.\p\B2\b intellectual rather than emotional.\p\B3\b \IPhonet.\i = \J\Xretroflex\x 2.\j \Bcerebrally\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icerebrum\i 'brain'\c
<hw>cerebral hemisphere</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAnat\i each of the two halves of the vertebrate cerebrum.
<hw>cerebral palsy</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMed.\i a condition marked by weakness and impaired coordination of the limbs, esp. caused by damage to the brain before or at birth.
<hw>cerebration</hw> \K/sErI"breIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysiol\i working of the brain. \Bcerebrate\b \K/"sErIbreIt/\k \Iv.intr.\i
<hw>cerebrospinal</hw> \K/%sErIbr\F'\nU"spVIn(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \IAnat\i of the brain and spine.
<hw>cerebrospinal fluid</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAnat.\i a clear watery fluid which fills the space between the arachnoid membrane and the pia mater.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k
<hw>cerebrovascular</hw> \K/%sErIbr\F'\nU"vaskjUl\F'\n/\k \Iadj.\i \IAnat\i of the brain and its blood vessels.
<hw>cerebrum</hw> \K/"sErIbr\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bcerebra\b \K/-br\F'\n/\k) \IAnat\i the principal part of the brain in vertebrates, located in the front area of the skull, which integrates complex sensory and neural functions. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = brain\c
<hw>cerecloth</hw> \K/"sI\F'\nklQT/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITextiles\i \Ihist.\i waxed cloth used as a waterproof covering or (esp.) as a shroud. \BEtymology:\b \3earlier \Icered cloth\i from \Icere\i 'to wax', via Latin \Icerare\i from \Icera\i 'wax'\c
<hw>cerement</hw> \K/"sI\F'\nm(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i \Iliterary\i\p\B1\b cerecloth for wrapping the dead.\p\B2\b burial clothes. \BEtymology:\b \3first used by Shakespeare in \IHamlet\i (1602): apparently from \J\Xcerecloth\x\j\c
<hw>ceremonial</hw> \K/sErI"m\F'\nUnI\F'\nl/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b with or concerning ritual or ceremony.\p\B2\b formal \3(a ceremonial bow).\c\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a system of rites etc. to be used esp. at a formal or religious occasion.\p\B2\b the formalities or behaviour proper to any occasion \3(with all due ceremonial).\c\p\B3\b \IRC Ch.\i a book containing an order of ritual. \Bceremonialism\b\p\In.\i\p\Bceremonialist\b\p\In.\i\p\Bceremonially\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Icaerimonialis\i (as \J\Xceremony\x)\j\c
<hw>ceremonious</hw> \K/sErI"m\F'\nUnI\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b = \J\Xceremonial\x \Iadj.\i\j\p\B2\b full of ceremony; accompanied by rites.\p\B3\b having or showing a fondness for ritualistic observance or formality; punctilious.\Ksenses 1 and 2 new f. SOED Sept 94\k \Bceremoniously\b \Iadv.\i \Bceremoniousness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \IcΘrΘmonieux\i or Late Latin \Icaerimoniosus\i (as \J\Xceremony\x)\j\c
<hw>ceremony</hw> \K/"sErIm\F'\nni/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b a formal religious or public occasion, esp. celebrating a particular event or anniversary.\p\B2\b formalities, esp. of an empty or ritualistic kind \3(ceremony of exchanging compliments).\c\p\B3\b excessively polite behaviour \3(bowed low with great ceremony).\c\p\1stand on ceremony\c insist on the observance of formalities.\p\1without ceremony\c informally. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iceremonie\i or Latin \Icaerimonia\i 'religious worship'\c
<hw>Cerenkov radiation</hw> \K/tS\F'\n"rENkQf reIdI"eIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \BCherenkov)\b \IPhysics\i the electromagnetic radiation emitted by particles moving in a medium at speeds faster than that of light in the same medium. \BEtymology:\b \3named after P. A. \ICherenkov,\i Russian physicist d. 1990\c
<hw>ceresin</hw> \K/"sErIsIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i a hard whitish wax used with or instead of beeswax. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \Iceres,\i from Latin \Icera\i 'wax' + \J\X-in\x\j\c
<hw>cerise</hw> \K/sE"ri:z/, /-s/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i of a light clear red colour.\p\In.\i\pthis colour. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = \J\Xcherry\x\j\c
<hw>cerium</hw> \K/"sI\F'\nrI\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i a silvery metallic element of the lanthanide series occurring naturally in various minerals and used in the manufacture of lighter flints (symbol \BCe).\b\Ksymb\k \BEtymology:\b \3named after the asteroid \ICeres,\i discovered (1801) about the same time as this\c
<hw>cermet</hw> \K/"s\F'\n:mEt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i a heat-resistant material made of ceramic and sintered metal. \BEtymology:\b \3\Icer\iamic + \Imet\ial\c
<hw>CERN</hw> \K/s\F'\n:n/\k \Iabbr.\i \IPhysics\i European Organization for Nuclear Research. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IConseil EuropΘen pour la Recherche NuclΘaire,\i its former title\c
<hw>cerography</hw> \K/sI\F'\n"rQgr\F'\nfi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IArt\i the technique of engraving or designing on or with wax.
<hw>ceroplastic</hw> \K/sI\F'\nr\F'\nU"plastIk/\k \Iadj.\i \IArt\i\p\B1\b modelled in wax.\p\B2\b of or concerning wax-modelling.
<hw>cert</hw> \K/s\F'\n:t/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \Islang\i (esp. \Bdead cert)\b\p\B1\b an event or result regarded as certain to happen.\p\B2\b \ISport\i a horse strongly tipped to win. \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation of \J\Xcertain\x,\j \J\Xcertainty\x\j\c
<hw>cert.</hw> \Iabbr.\i\p\B1\b a certificate.\p\B2\b certified.
<hw>certain</hw> \K/"s\F'\n:t(\F'\n)n/, /-tIn/\k \Iadj. & pron.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \I(often foll. by \Bof,\b or \Bthat\b + clause)\i confident, convinced \3(certain that I put it here).\c \Bb\b \I(often foll. by \Bthat\b + clause)\i indisputable; known for sure \3(it is certain that he is guilty).\c\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Bto\b + infin.)\i \Ba\b that may be relied on to happen \3(it is certain to rain).\c \Bb\b destined \3(certain to become a star).\c\p\B3\b definite, unfailing, reliable \3(a certain indication of the coming storm;\c \2his touch is certain).\c\p\B4\b (of a person, place, etc.) that might be specified, but is not \3(a certain lady;\c \2of a certain age).\c\p\B5\b some though not much \3(a certain reluctance).\c\p\B6\b (of a person, place, etc.) existing, though probably unknown to the reader or hearer \3(a certain John Smith).\c \Ipron.\i \I(treated as \Bpl.)\b\i some but not all \3(certain of them were wounded).\c\p\1for certain\c without doubt.\p\1make certain\c = \Imake sure\i (see \J\Xsure\x).\j \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French, ultimately from Latin \Icertus\i 'settled'\c
<hw>certainly</hw> \K/"s\F'\n:t(\F'\n)nli/, /-tIn-/\k \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b undoubtedly, definitely.\p\B2\b confidently.\p\B3\b (in affirmative answer to a question or command) yes; by all means.
<hw>certainty</hw> \K/"s\F'\n:t(\F'\n)nti/, /-tIn-/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b an undoubted fact. \Bb\b a certain prospect \3(his return is a certainty).\c\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Bof,\b or \Bthat\b + clause)\i an absolute conviction \3(has a certainty of his own worth).\c\p\B3\b \I(often foll. by \Bto\b + infin.)\i a thing or person that may be relied on \3(a certainty to win the Derby).\c\p\1for a certainty\c beyond the possibility of doubt. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Anglo-French \IcertaintΘ,\i Old French \IcertainetΘ\i (as \J\Xcertain\x)\j\c
<hw>Cert. Ed.</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IEducation\i (in the UK) Certificate in Education.
<hw>certifiable</hw> \K/"s\F'\n:tIfVI\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b able or needing to be certified.\p\B2\b \IPsychol\i \Icolloq.\i insane.
<hw>certificate</hw> \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\K/s\F'\n"tIfIk\F'\nt/\k a formal document attesting a fact, esp. birth, marriage, or death, a medical condition, a level of achievement, a fulfilment of requirements, ownership of shares, etc. \Iv.tr.\i \K/s\F'\n"tIfIkeIt/\k (esp. as \Bcertificated\b \Iadj.)\i provide with or license or attest by a certificate. \Bcertification\b \K/s\F'\n:tIfI"keIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Icertificat\i or medieval Latin \Icertificatum,\i from \Icertificare:\i see \J\Xcertify\x\j\c
<hw>Certificate of Secondary Education</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IEducation\i \Ihist.\i\p\B1\b an examination set for secondary-school pupils in England and Wales, replaced in 1988 by the General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE).\p\B2\b the certificate gained by passing it.
<hw>certified cheque</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i a cheque the validity of which is guaranteed by a bank.
<hw>certified milk</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IFood\i \IMed\i \Ihist.\i milk guaranteed free from the tuberculosis bacillus.
<hw>certify</hw> \K/"s\F'\n:tIfVI/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(-ies,\b \B-ied)\b\p\B1\b make a formal statement of; attest; attest to \3(certified that he had witnessed the crime).\c\p\B2\b declare by certificate (that a person is qualified or competent) \3(certified as a trained bookkeeper).\c\p\B3\b \IPsychol\i officially declare insane \3(he should be certified).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icertifier\i and medieval Latin \Icertificare\i from Latin \Icertus\i 'certain'\c
<hw>certiorari</hw> \K/s\F'\n:tI\F'\n"rE:rVI/, /-"rA:ri/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i a writ from a higher court requesting the records of a case tried in a lower court. \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin, passive of \Icertiorare\i 'inform', from \Icertior,\i comparative of \Icertus\i 'certain'\c
<hw>certitude</hw> \K/"s\F'\n:tItju:d/\k\p\In.\i\pa feeling of absolute certainty or conviction. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Late Latin \Icertitudo,\i from \Icertus\i 'certain'\c
<hw>cerulean</hw> \K/sI"ru:lI\F'\nn/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iliterary\i \Iadj.\i deep blue like a clear sky.\p\In.\i\pthis colour. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icaeruleus\i 'sky blue' from \Icaelum\i 'sky'\c
<hw>cerumen</hw> \K/sI"ru:m\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiochem\i the yellow waxy substance in the outer ear. \Bceruminous\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin, from Latin \Icera\i 'wax'\c
<hw>ceruse</hw> \K/"sI\F'\nru:s/, /sI"ru:s/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i white lead, used in ointments and (formerly) cosmetics. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Icerussa,\i perhaps from Greek \Ikeros\i 'wax'\c
<hw>cervelat</hw> \K/"s\F'\n:v\F'\nlA:/, /-lat/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFood\i a kind of smoked pork sausage. \BEtymology:\b \3obsolete French, from Italian \Icervellata\i\c
<hw>cervical</hw> \K/"s\F'\n:vIk(\F'\n)l/, /s\F'\n:"vVIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \IAnat.\i\p\B1\b of or relating to the neck \3(cervical vertebrae).\c\p\B2\b of or relating to the cervix. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icervical\i or modern Latin \Icervicalis,\i from Latin \Icervix -icis\i 'neck'\c
<hw>cervical screening</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i examination of a large number of apparently healthy women for cervical cancer.
<hw>cervical smear</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i \Besp. Brit.\b a specimen of cellular material from the neck of the womb spread on a microscope slide for examination for cancerous cells.
<hw>cervine</hw> \K/"s\F'\n:vVIn/\k \Iadj.\i \IZool\i of or like a deer. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icervinus\i from \Icervus\i 'deer'\c
<hw>cervix</hw> \K/"s\F'\n:vIks/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bcervices\b \K/-si:z/\k) \IAnat.\i\p\B1\b the neck.\p\B2\b any necklike structure, esp. the neck of the womb. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin\c
<hw>Cesarewitch</hw> \K/sI"zar\F'\nwItS/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISport\i a horse race run annually at Newmarket, England.\Ksense tsarevich omitted Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Russian \Itsesarevich\i 'heir to the throne': named in honour of the Russian prince (later Alexander II) who attended the inaugural race (1839)\c
<hw>cess (1)</hw> \K/sEs/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bsess)\b (in Scotland, Ireland, and India) a tax; a levy. \BEtymology:\b \3properly \Isess\i for obsolete noun \Iassess:\i see \J\Xassess\x\j\c
<hw>cess (2)</hw> \K/sEs/\k\p\In.\i\p\BIr.\b\p\1bad cess to\c may evil befall \3(bad cess to their clan).\c \BEtymology:\b \3perhaps from \J\Xcess\x (1)\j\c
<hw>cessation</hw> \K/sE"seIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a ceasing \3(cessation of the truce).\c\p\B2\b a pause \3(resumed fighting after the cessation).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Icessatio,\i from \Icessare\i \J\Xcease\x\j\c
<hw>cesser</hw> \K/"sEs\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i a coming to an end; a cessation (of a term, a liability, etc.). \BEtymology:\b \3Anglo-French & Old French, = \J\Xcease\x\j\c
<hw>cession</hw> \K/"sES(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bof)\b\i the ceding or giving up (of rights, property, and esp. of territory by a state).\p\B2\b the territory etc. so ceded. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icession\i or Latin \Icessio\i from \Icedere cess-\i 'go away'\c
<hw>cesspit</hw> \K/"sEspIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a pit for the disposal of refuse.\p\B2\b = \J\Xcesspool\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3\Icess\i in \J\Xcesspool\x\j + \J\Xpit\x (1)\j\c
<hw>cesspool</hw> \K/"sEspu:l/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an underground container for the temporary storage of liquid waste or sewage.\p\B2\b a centre of corruption, depravity, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3perhaps alteration, influenced by \J\Xpool\x (1),\j of earlier \Icesperalle,\i from \Isuspiral\i 'vent, water pipe, settling tank', via Old French \Isouspirail\i 'air-hole' from Latin \Isuspirare\i 'breathe, sigh' (as \J\Xsub-\x,\j \Ispirare\i 'breathe')\c
<hw>cestode</hw> \K/"sEst\F'\nUd/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcestoid\b \K/"sEstOId/\k) \IZool\i a flatworm of the class Cestoda, which comprises tapeworms. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icestus\i from Greek \Ikestos\i 'girdle'\c
<hw>CET</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IHorol\i Central European Time.
<hw>cetacean</hw> \K/sI"teIS(\F'\n)n/\k \In. & adj.\i \IZool\i\p\In.\i\pany marine mammal of the order Cetacea with streamlined hairless body and dorsal blowhole for breathing, including whales, dolphins, and porpoises. \Iadj.\i of cetaceans. \Bcetaceous\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \ICetacea\i via Latin \Icetus\i from Greek \Iketos\i 'whale'\c
<hw>cetane</hw> \K/"si:teIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i a colourless liquid hydrocarbon of the alkane series used in standardizing ratings of diesel fuel. \BEtymology:\b \3from sperma\Icet\ii (from which it was derived) on the pattern of \Imethane\i etc.\c
<hw>cetane number</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i a measure of the ignition properties of diesel fuel.
<hw>ceteris paribus</hw> \K/%keIt\F'\nrIs "parIbUs/, /%sEt-/, /%si:t-/\k \Iadv.\i other things being equal. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin\c
<hw>Ceylon moss</hw> \K/sI"lQn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a red seaweed, Gracilaria lichenoides, of the Indian subcontinent, the main source of agar. \BEtymology:\b \3\ICeylon,\i a former name of Sri Lanka\c
<hw>Ceylon satinwood</hw> \Isee\i \J\Xsatinwood\x 1a.\j\Knew as hwd Sept 94\k
<hw>CF</hw> \Iabbr.\i \BBrit.\b \IRelig Mil\i Chaplain to the Forces.
<hw>Cf</hw> \Isymb.\i \IChem.\i the element californium.
<hw>cf.</hw> \Iabbr.\i compare. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iconfer,\i imperative of \Iconferre\i 'compare'\c
<hw>c.f.</hw> \Iabbr.\i carried forward.
<hw>CFC</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IChem.\i chlorofluorocarbon, any of a class of usu. gaseous compounds of carbon, hydrogen, chlorine, and fluorine, used in refrigerants, aerosol propellants, etc., and harmful to the ozone layer in the earth's atmosphere owing to the release of chlorine on exposure to solar ultraviolet.
<hw>CFE</hw> \Iabbr.\i \BBrit.\b \IEducation\i College of Further Education.
<hw>cg</hw> \Iabbr.\i \ISci\i centigram(s).
<hw>CGS</hw> \Iabbr.\i \BBrit.\b \IMil\i Chief of General Staff.
<hw>Chablis</hw> \K/"Sabli:/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i same \K/-lIz/\k) \IDrink\i a dry white burgundy wine. \BEtymology:\b \3\IChablis\i in E. France, where it is produced\c
<hw>cha-cha</hw> \K/"tSA:tSA:/\k \In. & v.\i (also \Bcha-cha-cha\b \K/tSA:tSA:"tSA:/\k) \IDancing\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a ballroom dance with a Latin American rhythm.\p\B2\b \IMus\i music for or in the rhythm of a cha-cha. \Iv.intr.\i \B(cha-chas,\b \Bcha-chaed\b \K/-tSA:d/\k or \Bcha-cha'd,\b \Bcha-chaing\b \K/-tSA:(r)IN/\k) dance the cha-cha. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin American Spanish\c
<hw>chaconne</hw> \K/S\F'\n"kQn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMus.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a musical form consisting of variations on a ground bass. \Bb\b a musical composition in this style.\p\B2\b \IDancing\i \Ihist.\i a dance performed to this music. \BEtymology:\b \3French, from Spanish \Ichacona\i\c
<hw>chador</hw> \K/"tSA:dO:/, /"tSA:d\F'\n/, /"tSVd\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bchadar,\b \Bchuddar)\b \IClothing\i a large piece of cloth worn in some countries by Muslim women, wrapped around the body to leave only the face exposed. \BEtymology:\b \3Urdu, from Persian \Icadar\i 'sheet, veil'\c
<hw>chaetognath</hw> \K/"ki:t\F'\nnaT/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i any dart-shaped worm of the phylum Chaetognatha, usu. living among marine plankton, and having a head with external grasping spines. \IAlso called\i \Iarrow worm.\i \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \IChaetognatha,\i from Greek \Ikhaite\i 'long hair' + \Ignathos\i 'jaw'\c
<hw>chafe</hw> \K/tSeIf/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr. & intr.\i make or become sore or damaged by rubbing.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i rub (esp. the skin to restore warmth or sensation).\p\B3\b \Itr. & intr.\i make or become annoyed; fret \3(was chafed by the delay).\c\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b an act of chafing. \Bb\b a sore resulting from this.\p\B2\b a state of annoyance. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ichaufer\i 'make hot', ultimately from Latin \Icalefacere\i from \Icalere\i 'be hot' + \Ifacere\i 'make'\c
<hw>chafer</hw> \K/"tSeIf\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i any of various large slow-moving strong-flying beetles of the family Scarabaeidae, e.g. the cockchafer. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iceafor,\i \Icefer,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>chaff</hw> \K/tSA:f/, /tSaf/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IAgriculture\i the husks of corn or other seed separated by winnowing or threshing.\p\B2\b chopped hay and straw used as fodder.\p\B3\b light-hearted joking; banter.\p\B4\b worthless things; rubbish.\p\B5\b \IMil\i strips of metal foil released in the atmosphere to obstruct radar detection. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b tease; banter.\p\B2\b chop (straw etc.).\p\1separate the wheat from the chaff\c distinguish good from bad. \Bchaffy\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iceaf,\i \Icµf,\i probably from Germanic: sense 3 of the noun & 1 of the verb perhaps from \J\Xchafe\x\j\c
<hw>chaff-cutter</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAgriculture\i a machine for chopping fodder.
<hw>chaffer</hw> \K/"tSaf\F'\n/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.intr.\i haggle; bargain.\p\In.\i\pbargaining; haggling. \Bchafferer\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, in the sense 'traffic, trade', from Old English \Iceapfaru\i from \Iceap\i 'bargain' + \Ifaru\i 'journey'\c
<hw>chaffinch</hw> \K/"tSafIn(t)S/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a common European finch, Fringilla coelebs, the male of which has a blue-grey head with pinkish cheeks and breast. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iceaffinc\i 'chaff finch': from its foraging around barns etc.\c
<hw>chafing dish</hw> \K/"tSeIfIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i\p\B1\b a cooking pot with an outer pan of hot water, used for keeping food warm.\p\B2\b a dish with a spirit lamp etc. for cooking at table. \BEtymology:\b \3obsolete sense of \J\Xchafe\x\j = warm\c
<hw>Chagas' disease</hw> \K/"tSA:g\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \BChagas's disease)\b \IMed\i a disease caused by trypanosomes transmitted by bloodsucking bugs, endemic in S. America and causing damage to the heart and central nervous system. \BEtymology:\b \3named after C. \IChagas,\i Brazilian physician d. 1934, who first described it\c
<hw>chagrin</hw> \K/"SagrIn/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\pacute vexation or mortification. \Iv.tr.\i affect with chagrin. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ichagrin(er),\i of uncertain origin\c
<hw>chain</hw> \K/tSeIn/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a connected flexible series of esp. metal links as decoration or for a practical purpose. \Bb\b something resembling this \3(formed a human chain).\c\p\B2\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \Ba\b fetters used to confine prisoners. \Bb\b any restraining force.\p\B3\b a sequence, series, or set \3(chain of events;\c \2mountain chain).\c\p\B4\b \ICommerce\i a group of associated hotels, shops, etc.\p\B5\b a badge of office in the form of a chain worn round the neck \3(mayoral chain).\c\p\B6\b \ISci Measure\i \Ba\b \ISurveying\i a jointed measuring-line consisting of linked metal rods. \Bb\b \ISci\i its length (66 ft).\p\B7\b \IChem.\i a group of (esp. carbon) atoms bonded in sequence in a molecule.\p\B8\b \IDancing\i a figure in a quadrille or similar dance.\p\B9\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \INaut.\i channels (see \J\Xchannel\x (2)).\j\p\B10\b (also \Bchain-shot)\b \IMil\i \Ihist.\i two cannon balls or half balls joined by a chain and used in sea battles for bringing down a mast etc. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bup)\b\i secure or confine with a chain.\p\B2\b confine or restrict (a person) \3(is chained to the office).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icha(e)ine\i from Latin \Icatena\i\c
<hw>chain bridge</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IEngin\i a suspension bridge on chains.
<hw>chain drive</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMech\i a system of transmission by endless chains.
<hw>chain gang</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICriminol\i a team of convicts chained together and forced to work in the open air.
<hw>chain gear</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMech\i a gear transmitting motion by means of an endless chain.
<hw>chain letter</hw>\p\In.\i\pone of a sequence of letters, each recipient in the sequence being requested to send copies to a specific number of other people.
<hw>chain link</hw> \Iadj.\i made of wire in a diamond-shaped mesh \3(chain link fencing).\c
<hw>chain mail</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i armour made of interlaced rings.
<hw>chain reaction</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPhysics\i a self-sustaining nuclear reaction, esp. one in which a neutron from a fission reaction initiates a series of these reactions.\p\B2\b \IChem.\i a self-sustaining molecular reaction in which intermediate products initiate further reactions.\p\B3\b a series of events, each caused by the previous one.
<hw>chainsaw</hw> \K/"tSeInsO:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IForestry Building\i a motor-driven saw with teeth on an endless chain.
<hw>chain-smoker</hw>\p\In.\i\pa person who smokes continually, esp. one who lights a cigarette etc. from the stub of the last one smoked. \Bchain-smoke\b \Iv.tr. & intr.\i\Kchain-smoke new in COD9 f. POD, NSOED Aug 93\k
<hw>chain stitch</hw>\p\In.\i\p\INeedlework\i an ornamental embroidery or crochet stitch resembling chains.
<hw>chain store</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i one of a series of shops owned by one firm and selling the same sort of goods.
<hw>chain wheel</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMech\i a wheel transmitting power by a chain fitted to its edges.
<hw>chair</hw> \K/tSE:/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IFurniture\i a separate seat for one person, of various forms, usu. having a back and four legs.\p\B2\b \Ba\b \IEducation\i a professorship \3(offered the chair in physics).\c \Bb\b a seat of authority, esp. on a board of directors. \Bc\b \BBrit.\b a mayoralty.\p\B3\b \Ba\b a chairperson. \Bb\b the seat or office of a chairperson \3(will you take the chair?;\c \2I'm in the chair).\c\p\B4\b \BUS\b \ICriminol\i = \J\Xelectric chair\x.\j\p\B5\b \Besp. Brit.\b \IRailways\i an iron or steel socket holding a railway rail in place.\p\B6\b \ITransport\i \Ihist.\i = \Isedan chair\i \I(see\i \J\Xsedan\x 1).\j \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b act as chairperson of or preside over (a meeting).\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b carry (a person) aloft in a chair or in a sitting position, in triumph.\p\B3\b install in a chair, esp. as a position of authority.\p\1take a chair\c sit down. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Anglo-French \Ichaere,\i Old French \Ichaiere\i from Latin \Icathedra,\i from Greek \Ikathedra\i 'seat'\c
<hw>chair-bed</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IFurniture\i a chair that unfolds into a bed.
<hw>chair-borne</hw> \Iadj.\i \Icolloq.\i (of an administrator) not active.
<hw>chair-car</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IRailways\i a railway carriage with chairs instead of long seats.
<hw>chairlift</hw> \K/"tSE:lIft/\k\p\In.\i\pa series of chairs on an endless cable for carrying passengers up and down a mountain etc.
<hw>chairman</hw> \K/"tSE:m\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-men;\b \Ifem.\i also \Bchairwoman,\b \Ipl.\i \B-women)\b\p\B1\b a person chosen to preside over a meeting.\p\B2\b \Ba\b the permanent president of a committee, a board of directors, \BBrit.\b a firm, etc. \Bb\b \B(Chairman)\b (since 1949) the leading figure in the Chinese Communist Party.\Ksense 2b new in COD9 f. OERD, corpus Feb 94\k\p\B3\b the master of ceremonies at an entertainment etc.\p\B4\b \Ihist.\i either of two sedan-bearers. \Bchairmanship\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>chairperson</hw> \K/"tSE:p\F'\n:s(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\pa chairman or chairwoman (used as a neutral alternative).
<hw>chaise</hw> \K/SeIz/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITransport\i\p\B1\b \Iesp. hist.\i a horse-drawn carriage for one or two persons, esp. one with an open top and two wheels.\p\B2\b = \J\Xpost-chaise\x.\j\p\B3\b \BUS\b = \J\Xchaise longue\x.\j\Ksense 3 new f. F. Abate, incomings Sep 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3French, variant of \Ichaire:\i see \J\Xchair\x\j\c
<hw>chaise longue</hw> \K/SeIz "lQNg/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bchaise longues\b or \Bchaises longues\b \Ipronunc.\i same) \IFurniture\i\p\B1\b a sofa with a backrest at only one end.\p\B2\b a chair with a lengthened seat for reclining on; a sunbed.\Ksense 2 new f. corpus Sep 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3French, literally 'long chair'\c
<hw>chaise lounge</hw> \K/SeIz "laUndZ/\k\p\In.\i\p\BUS\b \IFurniture\i = \J\Xchaise longue\x.\j\Knew f. incomings, F. Abate Sep 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3\Ilounge\i corruption of \Ilongue\i\c
<hw>chakra</hw> \K/"tSVkr\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i each of the centres of spiritual power in the human body, recognized in yoga.\Knew in COD9 f. corpus, NSOED Mar 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Sanskrit \Icakra\i (cognate with \J\Xwheel\x\p\In.\i\p)\j\c
<hw>chalaza</hw> \K/k\F'\n"leIz\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bchalazae\b \K/-zi:/\k) \IBiol\i each of two twisted membranous strips joining the yolk to the ends of an egg. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from Greek, = small knot, hailstone\c
<hw>chalcedony</hw> \K/kal"sEd\F'\nni/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IMineral\i a type of quartz occurring in several different forms, e.g. onyx, agate, tiger's eye, etc. \Bchalcedonic\b \K/kalsI"dQnIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Latin \Ic(h)alcedonius\i from Greek \Ikhalkedon\i\c
<hw>chalcolithic</hw> \K/kalk\F'\n"lITIk/\k \Iadj.\i \IArchaeol.\i of a prehistoric period in which both stone and copper implements were used. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ikhalkos\i 'copper' + \Ilithos\i 'stone'\c
<hw>chalcopyrite</hw> \K/kalk\F'\n"pVIrVIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMineral\i a yellow mineral, a double sulphide of copper and iron, which is the principal ore of copper. \IAlso called\i \Icopper pyrites.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ikhalkos\i 'copper' + \J\Xpyrite\x\j\c
<hw>Chaldean</hw> \K/kal"di:\F'\nn/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \IPeople\i a native of ancient Chaldea or Babylonia. \Bb\b \ILanguage\i the language of the Chaldeans.\p\B2\b \IAstrol\i an astrologer.\p\B3\b \IRelig\i a member of a Syrian Uniate (formerly Nestorian) Church in Iran etc. \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of or relating to ancient Chaldea or its people or language.\p\B2\b \IAstrol\i of or relating to astrology.\p\B3\b \IRelig\i of or relating to the East Syrian Uniat Church. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \IChaldaeus\i via Greek \IKhaldaios\i from Assyrian \IKaldu\i\c
<hw>Chaldee</hw> \K/kal"di:/, /"kaldi:/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ILanguage\i the language of the Chaldeans.\p\B2\b \IPeople\i a native of ancient Chaldea.\p\B3\b \IRelig\i the Aramaic language as used in Old Testament books. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, representing Latin \IChaldaei\i (pl.) (as \J\XChaldean\x)\j\c
<hw>chalet</hw> \K/"SaleI/\k\p\In.\i\p\IArchit\i\p\B1\b a small suburban house or bungalow, esp. with an overhanging roof.\p\B2\b a small, usu. wooden, hut or house on a beach or in a holiday camp.\p\B3\b a Swiss cowherd's hut, or wooden cottage, with overhanging eaves. \BEtymology:\b \3Swiss French, ultimately from Latin \Icasa\i 'hut, cottage'\c
<hw>chalice</hw> \K/"tSalIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Iliterary\i a goblet.\p\B2\b \IRelig\i a wine cup used in the Communion service. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Icalix -icis\i 'cup'\c
<hw>chalk</hw> \K/tSO:k/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IGeol\i a white soft earthy limestone (calcium carbonate) formed from the skeletal remains of sea creatures.\p\B2\b \Ba\b a similar substance (calcium sulphate), sometimes coloured, used for writing or drawing. \Bb\b a piece of this \3(a box of chalks).\c\p\B3\b \IGeol\i a series of strata consisting mainly of chalk.\p\B4\b = \J\XFrench chalk\x.\j \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b rub, mark, draw, or write with chalk.\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bup)\b\i \Ba\b write or record with chalk. \Bb\b register (a success etc.). \Bc\b \BBrit.\b charge (to an account).\p\1as different as chalk and (or from) cheese\c \BBrit.\b fundamentally different.\p\1by a long chalk\c \BBrit.\b by far (from the use of chalk to mark the score in games).\p\1chalk and talk\c \BBrit.\b traditional teaching (employing blackboard and chalk in a presentation to a class).\p\Bchalk out\b sketch or plan a thing to be accomplished. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Icealc,\i ultimately (via West Germanic) from Latin \J\Xcalx\x\j\c
<hw>chalk pit</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b a quarry in which chalk is dug.
<hw>chalk-stone</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a concretion of urates like chalk in tissues and joints esp. of hands and feet.
<hw>chalk-stripe</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ITextiles\i a pattern of thin white stripes on a dark background. \Bchalk-striped\b \Iadj.\i\Kchalk-striped subsumed Aug 92 aaw\k
<hw>chalky</hw> \K/"tSO:ki/\k \Iadj.\i \B(chalkier,\b \Bchalkiest)\b \IChem\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b abounding in chalk. \Bb\b white as chalk.\p\B2\b like or containing chalk-stones. \Bchalkiness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>challah</hw> \K/"hA:l\F'\n/, /xA:"lA:/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bchallahs\b or \Bchalot(h)\b \K/xA:"lQt/\k) \IFood\i a usu. plaited loaf of white leavened bread, traditionally baked to celebrate the Jewish sabbath.\Knew in COD9 f. NEWS Mar 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Hebrew \Ihalah,\i perhaps from \Ihll\i 'to pierce' or Akkadian \Iellu\i 'pure'\c
<hw>challenge</hw> \K/"tSalIn(d)Z/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a summons to take part in a contest or a trial of strength etc., esp. to a duel. \Bb\b a summons to prove or justify something.\p\B2\b a demanding or difficult task \3(rose to the challenge of the new job).\c\p\B3\b \ILaw\i an objection made to a jury member.\p\B4\b a call to respond, esp. a sentry's call for a password etc.\p\B5\b \ISport\i an invitation to a sporting contest, esp. one issued to a reigning champion.\p\B6\b \IMed.\i a test of immunity after immunization treatment. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bto\b + infin.)\i \Ba\b invite to take part in a contest, game, debate, duel, etc. \Bb\b invite to prove or justify something.\p\B2\b dispute, deny \3(I challenge that remark).\c\p\B3\b \Ba\b stretch, stimulate \3(challenges him to produce his best).\c \Bb\b (as \Bchallenging\b \Iadj.)\i demanding; stimulatingly difficult.\p\B4\b (of a sentry) call to respond.\p\B5\b claim (attention etc.).\p\B6\b \ILaw\i object to (a jury member, evidence, etc.).\p\B7\b \IMed.\i test by a challenge. \Bchallengeable\b \K/-dZ\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Bchallenger\b\p\In.\i\p\Bchallengingly\b \Iadv.\i\K-ingly new f. corpus Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ic(h)alenge,\i \Ic(h)alenger\i from Latin \Icalumnia calumniari\i 'calumny'\c
<hw>challenged</hw> \K/"tSalIndZd/\k \Iadj.\i \I(in \Bcomb.)\b\i \Ieuphem.\i or \Ijoc.\i lacking a physical or mental attribute \3(vertically challenged;\c \2intellectually challenged).\c\Knew in COD9 f. News Aug 93\k
<hw>challis</hw> \K/"SalIs/, /"Sali/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITextiles\i a lightweight soft clothing fabric. \BEtymology:\b \3perhaps from a surname\c
<hw>chalybeate</hw> \K/k\F'\n"lIbI\F'\nt/\k \Iadj.\i \IMineral\i (of mineral water etc.) impregnated with iron salts. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \Ichalybeatus\i via Latin \Ichalybs\i from Greek \Ikhalups -ubos\i 'steel'\c
<hw>chamaephyte</hw> \K/"kamIfVIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot Anat\i a plant whose buds are on or near the ground. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ikhamai\i 'on the ground' + \J\X-phyte\x\j\c
<hw>chamber</hw> \K/"tSeImb\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPolit Law\i \Ba\b a hall used by a legislative or judicial body. \Bb\b the body that meets in it. \Bc\b any of the houses of a parliament \3(Chamber of Deputies;\c \2second chamber).\c\p\B2\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \ILaw\i \Ba\b \BBrit.\b rooms used by a barrister or group of barristers, esp. in the Inns of Court. \Bb\b a judge's room used for official proceedings not required to be held in open court.\p\B3\b \Ipoet.\i or \Iarchaic\i a room, esp. a bedroom.\p\B4\b a large underground cavity; a cave.\Ksense 4 new in COD9 f. News Aug 93\k\p\B5\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i \IMus.\i of or for a small group of instruments \3(chamber orchestra;\c \2chamber music).\c\p\B6\b \IMil Mech\i an enclosed space in machinery etc. (esp. the part of a gun bore that contains the charge).\p\B7\b \Ba\b \IBiol Anat\i a cavity in a plant or in the body of an animal. \Bb\b a compartment in a structure.\p\B8\b = \J\Xchamber pot\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ichambre\i from Latin \J\Xcamera\x\j\c
<hw>chambered</hw> \K/"tSeImb\F'\nd/\k \Iadj.\i \IArchaeol\i (of a tomb) containing a burial chamber.
<hw>chamberlain</hw> \K/"tSeImb\F'\nlIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an officer managing the household of a sovereign or a great noble.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b the treasurer of a corporation etc. \Bchamberlainship\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, in the sense 'servant in a bedchamber', via Old French \Ichamberlain\i etc. and Frankish from Latin \Icamera\i \J\Xcamera\x\j\c
<hw>chambermaid</hw> \K/"tSeImb\F'\nmeId/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a housemaid at a hotel etc.\p\B2\b \BN. Amer.\b a housemaid.
<hw>Chamber of Commerce</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i an association to promote local commercial interests.
<hw>Chamber of Deputies</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPolit Law\i the lower legislative assembly in some parliaments.
<hw>Chamber of Horrors</hw>\p\In.\i\pa place full of horrors (originally a room of criminals etc. in Madame Tussaud's waxworks).
<hw>chamber pot</hw>\p\In.\i\pa receptacle for urine etc., used in a bedroom.
<hw>Chambertin</hw> \K/"SQ~b\F'\nta~/\k\p\In.\i\p\IDrink\i a high-quality dry red burgundy wine. \BEtymology:\b \3\IGevrey Chambertin\i region in E. France, where it is produced\c
<hw>chambray</hw> \K/"SambreI/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITextiles\i a linen-finished gingham cloth with a white weft and a coloured warp. \BEtymology:\b \3formed irregularly from \ICambrai:\i see \J\Xcambric\x\j\c
<hw>chambrΘ</hw> \K/"SQmbreI/\k \Iadj.\i \IDrink\i (of red wine) brought to room temperature. \BEtymology:\b \3French, past part. of \Ichambrer,\i from \Ichambre\i 'room': see \J\Xchamber\x\j\c
<hw>chameleon</hw> \K/k\F'\n"mi:lI\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool\i any of a family of small lizards having grasping tails, long tongues, protruding eyes, and the power of changing colour.\p\B2\b a variable or inconstant person. \Bchameleonic\b \K/-"QnIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Latin from Greek \Ikhamaileon,\i from \Ikhamai\i 'on the ground' + \Ileon\i 'lion'\c
<hw>chamfer</hw> \K/"tSamf\F'\n/\k \Iv. & n.\i \ICarpentry\i \Iv.tr.\i bevel symmetrically (a right-angled edge or corner).\p\In.\i\pa bevelled surface at an edge or corner. \BEtymology:\b \3back-formation from \Ichamfering,\i from French \Ichamfrain,\i from \Ichant\i 'edge' (see \J\Xcant\x (2))\j + \Ifraint\i 'broken' via Old French \Ifraindre\i 'break' from Latin \Ifrangere\i\c
<hw>chamois</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \K/"SamwA:/\k \I(pl.\i same \K/-wA:z/\k) \IZool\i an agile goat-antelope, Rupicapra rupicapra, native to the mountains of Europe and Asia.\p\B2\b \K/"Sami/, /"SamwA:/\k \I(pl.\i same \K/-mIz/, /-wA:z/\k) (in full \Bchamois leather)\b \Ba\b soft pliable leather from sheep, goats, deer, etc. \Bb\b a piece of this for polishing etc. \BEtymology:\b \3French: perhaps ultimately from Swiss Proto-Romance\c
<hw>champ (1)</hw> \K/tSamp/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr. & intr.\i munch or chew noisily.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \IRiding\i (of a horse etc.) work (the bit) noisily between the teeth.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i fret with impatience \3(is champing to be away).\c\p\In.\i\pa chewing noise or motion.\p\1champ at the bit\c be restlessly impatient. \BEtymology:\b \3probably imitative\c
<hw>champ (2)</hw> \K/tSamp/\k\p\In.\i\p\Icolloq.\i a champion. \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation\c
<hw>champagne</hw> \K/Sam"peIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IDrink\i \Ba\b a white sparkling wine from Champagne. \Bb\b (loosely) a similar wine from elsewhere.\p\B2\b a pale cream or straw colour. \BEtymology:\b \3\IChampagne,\i former province in E. France, where it is produced\c The use of \Ichampagne\i in sense 1b is, strictly speaking, incorrect.
<hw>champaign</hw> \K/"tSampeIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\Iliterary\i\p\B1\b open country.\p\B2\b an expanse of open country. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ichampagne\i from Late Latin \Icampania:\i cf. \J\Xcampaign\x\j\c
<hw>champerty</hw> \K/"tSamp\F'\n:ti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \ILaw\i an illegal agreement in which a person not naturally interested in a lawsuit finances it with a view to sharing the disputed property. \Bchampertous\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Anglo-French \Ichampartie\i from Old French \Ichampart\i 'feudal lord's share of produce', from Latin \Icampus\i 'field' + \Ipars\i 'part'\c
<hw>champion</hw> \K/"tSampI\F'\nn/\k \In., v., adj., & adv.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \I(often \Battrib.)\b\i a person (esp. in a sport or game), an animal, plant, etc., that has defeated or surpassed all rivals in a competition etc.\p\B2\b \Ba\b a person who fights or argues for a cause or on behalf of another person. \Bb\b \Ihist.\i a knight etc. who fought in single combat on behalf of a king etc. \Iv.tr.\i support the cause of, defend, argue in favour of. \Iadj.\i \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i or \Idial.\i first-class, splendid. \Iadv.\i \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i or \Idial.\i splendidly, well. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from medieval Latin \Icampio -onis\i 'fighter', from Latin \Icampus\i 'field, military exercise ground'\c
<hw>Champion of England</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IHeraldry\i (in the UK) a hereditary official at coronations.
<hw>championship</hw> \K/"tSampI\F'\nnSIp/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \I(often in \Bpl.)\b\i \ISport etc.\i a contest for the position of champion in a sport etc.\p\B2\b the position of champion over all rivals.\p\B3\b the advocacy or defence (of a cause etc.).
\B\IchamplevΘ\b\i \K/"Sampl\F'\nveI/, French /SA~l\F'\nve/\k \In. & adj.\i \IArt\i\p\In.\i\pa type of enamelwork in which hollows made in a metal surface are filled with coloured enamels. \Iadj.\i of or relating to \IchamplevΘ\i \I(cf.\i \J\XcloisonnΘ\x).\j \BEtymology:\b \3French, = raised field\c
<hw>chance</hw> \K/tSA:ns/\k \In., adj., & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a possibility \3(just a chance we will catch the train).\c \Bb\b \I(often in \Bpl.)\b\i probability \3(the chances are against it).\c\p\B2\b a risk \3(have to take a chance).\c\p\B3\b \Ba\b an accidental occurrence \3(just a chance that they met).\c \Bb\b the absence of design or discoverable cause \3(here merely because of chance).\c\p\B4\b an opportunity \3(didn't have a chance to speak to him).\c\p\B5\b the way things happen; fortune; luck \3(we'll just leave it to chance).\c\p\B6\b (often \BChance)\b the course of events regarded as a power; fate \3(blind Chance rules the universe).\c\Ksense 7 omitted: covered by sense 4 May 94\k \Iadj.\i fortuitous, accidental \3(a chance meeting).\c\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \Icolloq.\i risk \3(we'll chance it and go).\c\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bthat\b + clause, or \Bto\b + infin.)\i happen without intention \3(it chanced that I found it;\c \2I chanced to find it).\c\p\1by any chance\c as it happens; perhaps.\p\1by chance\c without design; unintentionally.\p\1chance one's arm\c \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i make an attempt though unlikely to succeed.\p\Bchance on\b (or \Bupon)\b happen to find, meet, etc.\p\1on the chance\c \I(often foll. by \Bof,\b or \Bthat\b + clause)\i in view of the possibility.\p\1stand a chance\c \I(usu. with \Bneg.\b or \Binterrog.)\b\i have a prospect of success etc.\p\1take a chance\c (or \Bchances)\b behave riskily; risk failure.\p\1take a (or one's) chance on\c (or \Bwith)\b consent to take the consequences of; trust to luck. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Anglo-French \Ich(e)aunce,\i Old French \Ichδance,\i \Ichδoir\i 'fall', ultimately from Latin \Icadere\i\c
<hw>chancel</hw> \K/"tSA:ns(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig Archit\i the part of a church near the altar, reserved for the clergy, the choir, etc., usu. enclosed by a screen or separated from the nave by steps. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Icancelli\i 'lattice'\c
<hw>chancellery</hw> \K/"tSA:ns(\F'\n)l(\F'\n)ri/, /-sl\F'\nri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b the position, office, staff, department, etc., of a chancellor. \Bb\b the official residence of a chancellor.\p\B2\b \BUS\b an office attached to an embassy or consulate. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ichancellerie\i (as \J\Xchancellor\x)\j\c
<hw>chancellor</hw> \K/"tSA:ns(\F'\n)l\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a state or legal official of various kinds.\p\B2\b \B(Chancellor)\b \IPolit\i \Ba\b the head of the government in some European countries, e.g. Germany. \Bb\b = \J\XChancellor of the Exchequer\x.\j\Ksense 2b new f. OERD Mar 94\k\p\B3\b \Besp. Brit.\b the non-resident honorary head of a university.\p\B4\b \IRelig\i a bishop's law officer.\p\B5\b \BUS\b the president of a chancery court.\p\B6\b an officer of an order of knighthood who seals commissions etc. \3(Chancellor of the Garter).\c\Ksense 6 replacing Chancellor of the Garter entry Aug 93\k \Bchancellorship\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English via Anglo-French \Ic(h)anceler,\i Old French \I-ier\i from Late Latin \Icancellarius\i 'porter, secretary' (originally a court official at the grating separating public from judges), from \Icancelli\i 'lattice'\c
<hw>Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i (in the UK) a member of the government legally representing the Crown as Duke of Lancaster, often a Cabinet minister employed on non-departmental work.
<hw>Chancellor of the Exchequer</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i the finance minister of the United Kingdom.
<hw>chance-medley</hw> \K/tSA:ns"mEdli/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-eys)\b\p\B1\b \ILaw\i a fight, esp. homicidal, beginning unintentionally.\p\B2\b inadvertency. \BEtymology:\b \3Anglo-French \Ichance medlee\i (see \J\Xmeddle\x)\j 'mixed chance'\c
<hw>chancery</hw> \K/"tSA:ns(\F'\n)ri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \B(Chancery)\b \ILaw\i the Lord Chancellor's court, a division of the High Court of Justice.\p\B2\b \Ihist.\i the records office of an order of knighthood.\p\B3\b \Ihist.\i the court of a bishop's chancellor.\p\B4\b an office attached to an embassy or consulate.\p\B5\b a public record office.\p\B6\b \BUS\b \ILaw\i a court of equity.\p\1in chancery\c \IWrestling Boxing\i \Islang\i (of a boxer or wrestler) with his or her head held, contrary to the rules, between the opponent's arm and body and unable to avoid blows. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, contracted from \J\Xchancellery\x\j\c
<hw>chancre</hw> \K/"SaNk\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a painless ulcer developing in venereal disease etc. \BEtymology:\b \3French, from Latin \J\Xcancer\x\j\c
<hw>chancroid</hw> \K/"SaNkrOId/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i ulceration of lymph nodes in the groin, from venereal disease.
<hw>chandelier</hw> \K/Sand\F'\n"lI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFurniture\i an ornamental branched hanging support for several candles or electric light bulbs. \BEtymology:\b \3French, from \Ichandelle\i \J\Xcandle\x\j\c
<hw>chandler</hw> \K/"tSA:ndl\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i a dealer in candles, oil, soap, paint, groceries, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Anglo-French \Ichaundeler,\i Old French \Ichandelier\i 'candle-maker or -seller', from \Ichandelle\i \J\Xcandle\x\j\c
<hw>chandlery</hw> \K/"tSA:ndl\F'\nri/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i goods sold by a chandler.
<hw>change</hw> \K/tSeIn(d)Z/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the act or an instance of making or becoming different. \Bb\b an alteration or modification \3(the change in her expression).\c\p\B2\b \ICommerce\i \Ba\b money given in exchange for money in larger units or a different currency. \Bb\b money returned as the balance of that given in payment. \Bc\b = \J\Xsmall change\x.\j\p\B3\b a new experience; variety \3(fancied a change;\c \2for a change).\c\p\B4\b \Ba\b the substitution of one thing for another; an exchange \3(change of scene).\c \Bb\b \IClothing\i a set of clothes etc. put on in place of another.\p\B5\b (in full \Bchange of life)\b \IMed\i \Icolloq.\i the menopause.\p\B6\b \I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i \IRelig\i any of the different orders in which a peal of bells can be rung.\p\B7\b \B(Change)\b (also \B'Change)\b \ICommerce\i \Ihist.\i a place where merchants etc. met to do business.\p\B8\b \IAstron\i (of the moon) arrival at a fresh phase, esp. at the new moon.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr. & intr.\i undergo, show, or subject to change; make or become different \3(the wig changed his appearance;\c \2changed from an introvert into an extrovert).\c\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b take or use another instead of; go from one to another \3(change one's socks;\c \2changed his doctor;\c \2changed trains).\c \Bb\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bfor)\b\i give up or get rid of in exchange \3(changed the car for a van).\c\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \ICommerce\i \Ba\b give or get change in smaller denominations for \3(can you change a ten-pound note?).\c \Bb\b \I(foll. by \Bfor)\b\i exchange (a sum of money) for \3(changed his dollars for pounds).\c\p\B4\b \Itr. & intr.\i put fresh clothes or coverings on \3(changed the baby as he was wet;\c \2changed into something loose).\c\p\B5\b \Itr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i give and receive, exchange \3(changed places with him;\c \2we changed places).\c\p\B6\b \Iintr.\i change trains etc. \3(changed at Crewe).\c\p\B7\b \Iintr.\i \IAstron\i (of the moon) arrive at a fresh phase, esp. become new.\p\1change colour\c blanch or flush.\p\Bchange down\b \BBrit.\b \IMech\i engage a lower gear in a vehicle.\p\1change gear\c \IMech\i engage a different gear in a vehicle.\p\1change hands\c\p\B1\b pass to a different owner.\p\B2\b substitute one hand for the other when performing an action etc.\p\1change one's mind\c adopt a different opinion or plan.\p\1change of air\c a different climate; variety.\p\Bchange over\b change from one system or situation to another.\p\1change step\c \IMil\i alter one's step so that the opposite leg is the one that marks time when marching etc.\p\1change the subject\c begin talking of something different, esp. to avoid embarrassment.\p\1change one's tune\c\p\B1\b voice a different opinion from that expressed previously.\p\B2\b change one's style of language or manner, esp. from an insolent to a respectful tone.\p\Bchange up\b \BBrit.\b \IMech\i engage a higher gear in a vehicle.\p\1get no change out of\c \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i\p\B1\b fail to get information from.\p\B2\b fail to get the better of (in business etc.).\p\1ring the changes (on)\c vary the ways of expressing, arranging, or doing something. \Bchangeful\b \Iadj.\i \Bchanger\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Anglo-French \Ichaunge,\i Old French \Ichange,\i \Ichanger\i from Late Latin \Icambiare,\i Latin \Icambire\i 'barter', probably of Celtic origin\c
<hw>changeable</hw> \K/"tSeIn(d)Z\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b irregular, inconstant.\p\B2\b that can change or be changed. \Bchangeability\b \K/-"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bchangeableness\b\p\In.\i\p\Bchangeably\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French, formed as \J\Xchange\x\j\c
<hw>changeling</hw> \K/"tSeIn(d)ZlIN/\k\p\In.\i\pa child believed to have been substituted for another by stealth, esp. by fairies.
<hw>change of heart</hw>\p\In.\i\pa conversion to a different view.
<hw>change of life</hw> \Isee\i \J\Xchange\x\p\In.\i\p5.\j\Knew as hwd Sep 94\k
<hw>changeover</hw> \K/"tSeIn(d)Z\F'\nUv\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pa change from one system or situation to another.
<hw>change-ringing</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBell-ringing\i the ringing of a set of bells in a constantly varying order. \Bchange-ringer\b\p\In.\i\p\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED Aug 93\k
<hw>channel (1)</hw> \K/"tSan(\F'\n)l/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IGeog\i \Ba\b a length of water wider than a strait, joining two larger areas, esp. seas. \Bb\b \B(the Channel)\b the English Channel between Britain and France.\p\B2\b a medium of communication; an agency for conveying information \3(through the usual channels).\c\p\B3\b \IBroadcasting\i \Ba\b a band of frequencies used in radio and television transmission, esp. as used by a particular station. \Bb\b a service or station using this.\p\B4\b the course in which anything moves; a direction.\p\B5\b \Ba\b a natural or artificial hollow bed of water. \Bb\b the navigable part of a waterway.\p\B6\b a tubular passage for liquid.\p\B7\b \IElectronics\i a lengthwise strip on recording tape etc.\p\B8\b \IArchit\i a groove or a flute, esp. in a column. \Iv.tr.\i \B(channelled,\b \Bchannelling;\b \BUS\b \Bchanneled,\b \Bchanneling)\b\p\B1\b guide, direct \3(channelled them through customs).\c\p\B2\b form channels in; groove. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ichanel\i from Latin \Icanalis\i \J\Xcanal\x\j\c
<hw>channel (2)</hw> \K/"tSan(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\INaut.\i any of the broad thick planks projecting horizontally from a ship's side abreast of the masts, used to widen the basis for the shrouds. \BEtymology:\b \3for \Ichain-wale:\i cf. \Igunnel\i for \Igunwale\i\c
<hw>channelize</hw> \K/"tSan(\F'\n)lVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b convey in, or as if in, a channel; guide.
\B\Ichanson\b\i \K/"SQ~sQ~/, French /SA~sO~/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMus.\i a French song.\Knew f. SOED, corpus Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3French\c
\B\Ichanson de geste\b\i \K/%SQ~sQ~ d\F'\n "ZEst/, French /SA~sO~ d\F'\n ZEst/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B\Ichansons de geste\b\i \Ipronunc.\i same) any of a group of medieval French epic poems. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = song of heroic deeds\c
<hw>chant</hw> \K/tSA:nt/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a spoken sing-song phrase, esp. one performed in unison by a crowd etc. \Bb\b a repetitious sing-song way of speaking.\p\B2\b \IMus.\i \Ba\b a short musical passage in two or more phrases used for singing unmetrical words, e.g. psalms, canticles. \Bb\b \IRelig\i the psalm or canticle so sung. \Bc\b a song, esp. monotonous or repetitive.\p\B3\b a musical recitation, esp. of poetry. \Iv.tr. & intr.\i\p\B1\b talk or repeat monotonously \3(a crowd chanting slogans).\c\p\B2\b \IRelig\i sing or intone (a psalm etc.). \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English (originally as verb) via Old French \Ichanter\i 'sing' from Latin \Icantare,\i frequentative of \Icanere cant-\i 'sing'\c
<hw>chanter</hw> \K/"tSA:nt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMus.\i the melody-pipe, with finger-holes, of a bagpipe.
<hw>chanterelle</hw> \K/"tSA:nt\F'\nrEl/, /tSA:nt\F'\n"rEl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i an edible fungus, Cantharellus cibarius, with a yellow funnel-shaped cap and a smell of apricots. \BEtymology:\b \3French via modern Latin \Icantharellus,\i diminutive of \Icantharus,\i from Greek \Ikantharos,\i a kind of drinking vessel\c
<hw>chanteuse</hw> \K/SA:n"t\F'\n:z/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMus\i a female singer of popular songs. \BEtymology:\b \3French\c
<hw>chanticleer</hw> \K/"tSA:ntIklI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Iliterary\i a name given to a domestic cock, esp. in fairy tales etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ichantecler\i (as \J\Xchant\x,\j \J\Xclear\x),\j a name in the fable \IReynard the Fox\i\c
<hw>Chantilly</hw> \K/San"tIli/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ITextiles\i a delicate kind of bobbin lace.\p\B2\b \ICookery\i sweetened or flavoured whipped cream. \BEtymology:\b \3named after \IChantilly,\i a town near Paris\c
<hw>chantry</hw> \K/"tSA:ntri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IRelig\i\p\B1\b an endowment for a priest or priests to celebrate masses for the founder's soul.\p\B2\b the priests, chapel, altar, etc., endowed for this purpose. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Anglo-French \Ichaunterie,\i Old French \Ichanterie\i from \Ichanter\i \J\Xchant\x\j\c
<hw>chaos</hw> \K/"keIQs/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b utter confusion. \Bb\b \ISci.\i behaviour so unpredictable as to appear random, owing to great sensitivity to small changes in conditions.\p\B2\b \IRelig\i the formless matter supposed to have existed before the creation of the universe. \Bchaotic\b \K/keI"QtIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Bchaotically\b \K/-"QtIk(\F'\n)li/\k \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French or Latin from Greek \Ikhaos:\i -\Iotic\i on the pattern of \Ierotic\i etc.\c
<hw>chaos theory</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i the mathematical study of complex systems whose behaviour is highly sensitive to slight changes in conditions, so that small alterations can give rise to strikingly great consequences.
<hw>chap (1)</hw> \K/tSap/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B(chapped,\b \Bchapping)\b\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i (esp. of the skin; also of dry ground etc.) crack in fissures, esp. because of exposure and dryness.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i (of the wind, cold, etc.) cause to chap.\p\In.\i\p\I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i\p\B1\b a crack in the skin.\p\B2\b an open seam in the ground. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, perhaps related to Middle Low German, Middle Dutch \Ikappen\i 'chop off'\c
<hw>chap (2)</hw> \K/tSap/\k\p\In.\i\p\Besp. Brit.\b \Icolloq.\i a man; a boy; a fellow. \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation of \J\Xchapman\x\j\c
<hw>chap (3)</hw> \K/tSap/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFood Anat\i the lower jaw or half of the cheek, esp. of a pig as food. \BEtymology:\b \316th c.: variant of \J\Xchop\x (2),\j of unknown origin\c
<hw>chap.</hw> \Iabbr.\i \ILiterature\i chapter.
<hw>chaparajos</hw> \K/Sap\F'\n"reIh\F'\nUs/, /tS-/\k \In.pl.\i \BN. Amer.\b \IClothing\i a cowboy's leather protection for the front of the legs.\Kspelling change from Kpb, US dicts Sept 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Mexican Spanish \Ichaparreras\i from \Ichaparra\i 'dwarf evergreen oak'\c
<hw>chapatti</hw> \K/tS\F'\n"pA:ti/, /-"pati/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bchapati,\b \Bchupatty)\b \I(pl.\i \B-is\b or \Bchupatties)\b \IFood\i (in Indian cookery) a flat thin cake of unleavened wholemeal bread. \BEtymology:\b \3Hindi \Icapati\i\c
<hw>chapbook</hw> \K/"tSapbUk/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILiterature\i\p\B1\b \Ihist.\i a small pamphlet containing tales, ballads, tracts, etc., hawked by chapmen.\p\B2\b \Besp. N. Amer.\b a small paper-covered booklet of poems, fiction, etc.\Ksense 2 new f. Incs Oct 94\k \BEtymology:\b \319th c.: see \J\Xchapman\x\j\c
<hw>chape</hw> \K/tSeIp/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMil Heraldry\i the metal cap of a scabbard point.\p\B2\b the back-piece of a buckle attaching it to a strap etc.\p\B3\b a sliding loop on a belt or strap. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French, = cope, hood, from Late Latin \Icappa\i \J\Xcap\x\j\c
\B\Ichapeau-bras\b\i \K/Sap\F'\nU"brA:/, French /Sapobra/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B\Ichapeaux-bras\b\i \Ipronunc.\i same) \IFashion\i a three-cornered flat silk hat often carried under the arm. \BEtymology:\b \3French from \Ichapeau\i 'hat' + \Ibras\i 'arm'\c
<hw>chapel</hw> \K/"tSap(\F'\n)l/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IRelig\i \Ba\b a place for private Christian worship in a large church or esp. a cathedral, with its own altar and dedication \3(Lady chapel).\c \Bb\b a place of Christian worship attached to a private house or institution.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b \IRelig\i \Ba\b a place of worship for Nonconformist bodies. \Bb\b a chapel service. \Bc\b attendance at a chapel.\p\B3\b \BBrit.\b \IRelig\i an Anglican church subordinate to a parish church.\p\B4\b \Ba\b a room or building for funeral services. \Bb\b \Besp. US\b = \J\Xchapel of rest\x.\j\Ksense 4 new f. F. Abate oct 94\k\p\B5\b \BBrit.\b \IPrinting\i \IPolit\i \Ba\b the members or branch of a printers' trade union at a specific place of work. \Bb\b a meeting of such a union branch. \Ipredic.adj.\i \BBrit.\b \IRelig\i \Icolloq.\i belonging to or regularly attending a Nonconformist chapel. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ichapele\i from medieval Latin \Icappella,\i diminutive of \Icappa\i 'cloak': the first chapel was a sanctuary in which St Martin's sacred cloak \I(cappella)\i was preserved\c
<hw>chapel of ease</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i an Anglican chapel for the convenience of remote parishioners.
<hw>chapel of rest</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IRelig\i an undertaker's mortuary.
<hw>chapel royal</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i a chapel in a royal palace.
<hw>chapelry</hw> \K/"tSap(\F'\n)lri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IRelig\i a district served by an Anglican chapel.
<hw>chaperone</hw> \K/"Sap\F'\nr\F'\nUn/\k \In. & v.\i (also \Bchaperon)\b\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person, esp. an older woman, who ensures propriety by accompanying a young unmarried woman on social occasions.\p\B2\b a person who takes charge of esp. young people in public. \Iv.tr.\i act as a chaperone to. \Bchaperonage\b \K/"Sap(\F'\n)r(\F'\n)nIdZ/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French, fem. of \Ichaperon\i 'hood' (regarded as giving protection), diminutive of \Ichape\i 'cope': see \J\Xchape\x\j\c
<hw>chaplain</hw> \K/"tSaplIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i a member of the clergy attached to a private chapel, institution, ship, regiment, etc. \Bchaplaincy\b\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies).\b \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Anglo-French & Old French \Ic(h)apelain\i from medieval Latin \Icappellanus,\i originally custodian of the cloak of St Martin: see \J\Xchapel\x\j\c
<hw>chaplet</hw> \K/"tSaplIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a garland or circlet for the head.\p\B2\b \IRelig\i a string of 55 beads (one-third of the rosary number) for counting prayers, or as a necklace.\p\B3\b \IArchit\i a bead-moulding. \Bchapleted\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ichapelet,\i ultimately from Late Latin \Icappa\i \J\Xcap\x\j\c
<hw>chapman</hw> \K/"tSapm\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-men)\b \BBrit.\b \ICommerce\i \Ihist.\i a pedlar. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iceapman\i from \Iceap\i 'barter'\c
<hw>chappal</hw> \K/"tSap(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\IClothing\i an Indian sandal, usu. of leather. \BEtymology:\b \3Hindi\c
<hw>chapter</hw> \K/"tSapt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ILiterature\i a main division of a book.\p\B2\b a period of time (in a person's life, a nation's history, etc.).\p\B3\b a series or sequence \3(a chapter of misfortunes).\c\p\B4\b \IRelig\i \Ba\b the canons of a cathedral or other religious community or knightly order. \Bb\b a meeting of these.\p\B5\b \IPolit\i an Act of Parliament numbered as part of a session's proceedings.\p\B6\b \Ba\b \BN. Amer.\b a local branch of a society. \Bb\b a local group of Hell's Angels.\Ksense 6b new f. GLC May 94\k\p\1chapter and verse\c an exact reference or authority. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ichapitre\i from Latin \Icapitulum,\i diminutive of \Icaput -itis\i 'head'\c
<hw>chapter house</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IRelig\i a building used for the meetings of a chapter.\p\B2\b \BUS\b \IEducation\i the place where a college fraternity or sorority meets.
<hw>char (1)</hw> \K/tSA:/\k \Iv.tr. & intr.\i \B(charred,\b \Bcharring)\b\p\B1\b make or become black by burning; scorch.\p\B2\b burn or be burnt to charcoal. \BEtymology:\b \3apparently back-formation from \J\Xcharcoal\x\j\c
<hw>char (2)</hw> \K/tSA:/\k \In. & v.\i \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i\p\In.\i\p= \J\Xcharwoman\x.\j \Iv.intr.\i \B(charred,\b \Bcharring)\b work as a charwoman. \BEtymology:\b \3earlier \Ichare\i from Old English \Icerr\i 'a turn', \Icierran\i 'to turn'\c
<hw>char (4)</hw> \K/tSA:/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcharr)\b \I(pl.\i same) \IZool\i any small troutlike fish of the genus \ISalvelinus.\i \BEtymology:\b \317th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>charabanc</hw> \K/"Sar\F'\nbaN/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ITransport\i \Ihist.\i an early form of motor coach. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ichar α bancs\i 'carriage with seats'\c
<hw>characin</hw> \K/"kar\F'\nsIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a freshwater fish of the family Characidae, mainly of S. and Central America, including piranhas and tetras. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \ICharacinus\i genus name, from Greek \Ikharax,\i a kind of fish\c\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k
<hw>character</hw> \K/"kar\F'\nkt\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the collective qualities or characteristics, esp. mental and moral, that distinguish a person or thing.\p\B2\b \Ba\b moral strength \3(has a weak character).\c \Bb\b reputation, esp. good reputation.\p\B3\b \Ba\b \ILiterature\i a person in a novel, play, etc. \Bb\b \ITheatr\i a part played by an actor; a role.\p\B4\b \Icolloq.\i a person, esp. an eccentric or outstanding individual \3(he's a real character).\c\p\B5\b \Ba\b \IPhilol\i a printed or written letter, symbol, or distinctive mark \3(Chinese characters).\c \Bb\b \IComputing\i any of a group of symbols representing a letter etc.\p\B6\b a written description of a person's qualities; a testimonial.\p\B7\b \IBiol\i a characteristic (esp. of a biological species). \Iv.tr.\i \Iarchaic\i inscribe; describe.\p\1in (or out of) character\c consistent (or inconsistent) with a person's character. \Bcharacterful\b \Iadj.\i \Bcharacterfully\b \Iadv.\i \Bcharacterless\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icaractere\i and Latin \Icharacter\i from Greek \Ikharakter\i 'stamp, impress'\c
<hw>character actor</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ITheatr\i an actor who specializes in playing eccentric or unusual persons.
<hw>character assassination</hw>\p\In.\i\pa malicious attempt to harm or destroy a person's good reputation.
<hw>characteristic</hw> \K/kar\F'\nkt\F'\n"rIstIk/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i typical, distinctive \3(with characteristic expertise).\c\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a characteristic feature or quality.\p\B2\b \IMath.\i the whole number or integral part of a logarithm. \Bcharacteristically\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \IcaractΘristique\i or medieval Latin \Icharacterizare,\i from Greek \Ikharakterizo\i\c
<hw>characteristic curve</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMath\i a graph showing the relationship between two variable but interdependent quantities.
<hw>characteristic radiation</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i radiation the wavelengths of which are peculiar to the element which emits them.
<hw>characterize</hw> \K/"kar\F'\nkt\F'\nrVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b describe the character of. \Bb\b \I(foll. by \Bas)\b\i describe as.\p\B2\b be characteristic of.\p\B3\b impart character to. \Bcharacterization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \IcaractΘriser\i or medieval Latin \Icharacterizare,\i from Greek \Ikharakterizo\i\c
<hw>charade</hw> \K/S\F'\n"rA:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IGames\i \Ba\b \I(usu. in \Bpl.,\b\i \Itreated as \Bsing.)\b\i a game of guessing a word from a written or acted clue given for each syllable and for the whole. \Bb\b one such clue.\p\B2\b an absurd pretence. \BEtymology:\b \3French from modern Provenτal \Icharrado\i 'conversation', from \Icharra\i 'chatter'\c
<hw>charas</hw> \K/"tSA:r\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPharm\i a narcotic resin from the flower heads of hemp; cannabis resin. \BEtymology:\b \3Hindi\c
<hw>charbroil</hw> \K/"tSA:brOIl/\k \Iv.tr.\i \ICookery\i grill (meat etc.) on a rack over charcoal.\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xcharcoal\x\j + \J\Xbroil\x (1)\j\c
<hw>charcoal</hw> \K/"tSA:k\F'\nUl/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IChem\i \Ba\b an amorphous form of carbon consisting of a porous black residue from wood, bones, etc., heated in the absence of air. \Bb\b \I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i a piece of this used for drawing.\p\B2\b \IArt\i a drawing in charcoal.\p\B3\b (in full \Bcharcoal grey)\b a dark grey colour. \Iadj.\i (in full \Bcharcoal grey;\b \Ihyphenated when \Battrib.)\b\i dark grey.\Kadj. new f. corpus Nov 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English \J\Xcoal\x\j = charcoal: first element perhaps \Ichare\i 'turn' (cf. \J\Xchar\x (1),\j \J\Xchar\x (2))\j\c
<hw>charcoal biscuit</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IFood Med\i a biscuit containing wood charcoal to aid digestion.
<hw>charcuterie</hw> \K/SA:"ku:t(\F'\n)ri:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFood\i\p\B1\b cold cooked meats.\p\B2\b a shop selling these.\Knew f. SOED, corpus Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3French\c
<hw>chard</hw> \K/tSA:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i (in full \BSwiss chard)\b a kind of beet, Beta vulgaris, with edible broad white leaf-stalks and green blades. \IAlso called\i \Iseakale beet.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icarde,\i and \Ichardon\i 'thistle': cf. \J\Xcardoon\x\j\c
<hw>Chardonnay</hw> \K/"SA:d\F'\nneI/\k\p\In.\i\p\IDrink\i\p\B1\b a variety of white grape used for making champagne and other wines.\p\B2\b \IBot\i the vine on which this grape grows.\p\B3\b a wine made from Chardonnay grapes. \BEtymology:\b \3French\c
<hw>charge</hw> \K/tSA:dZ/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \ICommerce\i \Ba\b ask (an amount) as a price \3(charges ú5 a ticket).\c \Bb\b ask (a person) for an amount as a price \3(you forgot to charge me).\c\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b \I(foll. by \Bto,\b \Bup to)\b\i \ICommerce\i debit the cost of to (a person or account) \3(charge it to my account;\c \2charge it up to me).\c \Bb\b debit (a person or an account) \3(bought a new car and charged the company).\c\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \ICriminol\i \Ba\b \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i accuse (of an offence) \3(charged him with theft).\c \Bb\b \I(foll. by \Bthat\b + clause)\i make an accusation that.\p\B4\b \Itr.\i \I(foll. by \Bto\b + infin.)\i instruct or urge.\p\B5\b \I(foll. by \Bwith)\b\i \Ba\b \Itr.\i entrust with. \Bb\b \Irefl.\i undertake.\p\B6\b \Iesp. Mil\i \Ba\b \Iintr.\i make a rushing attack; rush headlong. \Bb\b \Itr.\i make a rushing attack on; throw oneself against.\p\B7\b \I(often foll. by \Bup)\b\i \IElectr\i \Ba\b \Itr.\i give an electric charge to (a body); store energy in (a battery etc.). \Bb\b \Iintr.\i (of a battery etc.) receive and store energy.\K7b new in COD9 f. CED, DJT Aug 93\k\p\B8\b \Itr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i load or fill (a vessel, gun, etc.) to the full or proper extent.\p\B9\b \Itr.\i (usu. as \Bcharged\b \Iadj.)\i \Ba\b \I(foll. by \Bwith)\b\i saturated with \3(air charged with vapour).\c \Bb\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bwith)\b\i pervaded (with strong feelings etc.) \3(atmosphere charged with emotion;\c \2a charged atmosphere).\c\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ICommerce\i \Ba\b a price asked for goods or services. \Bb\b a financial liability or commitment.\p\B2\b \ICriminol\i an accusation, esp. against a prisoner brought to trial.\p\B3\b \Ba\b a task, duty, or commission. \Bb\b care, custody, responsible possession. \Bc\b a person or thing entrusted; a minister's congregation.\p\B4\b \Iesp. Mil\i \Ba\b an impetuous rush or attack, esp. in a battle. \Bb\b the signal for this.\p\B5\b the appropriate amount of material to be put into a receptacle, mechanism, etc. at one time, esp. of explosive for a gun.\p\B6\b \IElectr\i \Ba\b a property of matter that is a consequence of the interaction between its constituent particles and exists in a positive or negative form, causing electrical phenomena. \Bb\b the quantity of this carried by a body. \Bc\b energy stored chemically for conversion into electricity. \Bd\b the process of charging a battery.\p\B7\b an exhortation; directions, orders, esp. \ILaw\i instructions given by a judge to a jury, or \IEccl.\i by a bishop to his clergy.\p\B8\b a burden or load.\p\B9\b \IHeraldry\i a device; a bearing.\p\1free of charge\c free, without charge.\p\1give a person in charge\c \BBrit.\b \ICriminol\i hand a person over to the police.\p\1in charge\c having command.\p\1lay to a person's charge\c \BBrit.\b accuse a person of.\p\1put a person on a charge\c \BBrit.\b \ICriminol\i charge a person with a specified offence.\p\1return to the charge\c begin again, esp. in argument.\p\1take charge\c \I(often foll. by \Bof)\b\i assume control or direction. \Bchargeable\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icharger\i and Late Latin \Icar(ri)care\i 'to load' from Latin \Icarrus\i \J\Xcar\x\j\c
<hw>charge account</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b \ICommerce\i a credit account at a shop etc.
<hw>charge card</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i a credit card for which the account must be paid in full when a statement is issued.
<hw>chargΘ d'affaires</hw> \K/%SA:ZeI da"fE:/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \BchargΘ)\b \I(pl.\i \BchargΘs\b \Ipronunc.\i same) \IDiplomacy\i\p\B1\b an ambassador's deputy.\p\B2\b an envoy to a minor country. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = in charge of affairs\c
<hw>chargehand</hw> \K/"tSA:dZhand/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IIndustry\i a worker, ranking below a foreman, in charge of others on a particular job.
<hw>charge nurse</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IMed\i a nurse in charge of a ward.
<hw>charger (1)</hw> \K/"tSA:dZ\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \IMil\i a cavalry horse. \Bb\b \Ipoet.\i any horse.\p\B2\b \IElectr\i a device for charging a battery or battery-powered equipment.\p\B3\b a person or thing that charges.
<hw>charger (2)</hw> \K/"tSA:dZ\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Iarchaic\i a large flat dish. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Anglo-French \Ichargeour\i\c
<hw>charge sheet</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ICriminol\i a record of cases and charges made at a police station.
<hw>chariot</hw> \K/"tSarI\F'\nt/\k \In. & v.\i \ITransport\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ihist.\i \Ba\b a two-wheeled vehicle drawn by horses, used in ancient warfare and racing. \Bb\b a four-wheeled carriage with back seats only.\p\B2\b \Ipoet.\i a stately or triumphal vehicle. \Iv.tr.\i \Iliterary\i convey in or as in a chariot. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French, augmentative of \Ichar\i \J\Xcar\x\j\c
<hw>charioteer</hw> \K/tSarI\F'\n"tI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITransport\i a chariot driver.
<hw>charisma</hw> \K/k\F'\n"rIzm\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bcharismata\b \K/k\F'\n"rIzm\F'\nt\F'\n/\k)\p\B1\b \Ba\b the ability to inspire followers with devotion and enthusiasm. \Bb\b an attractive aura; great charm.\p\B2\b \IRelig\i a divinely conferred power or talent. \BEtymology:\b \3ecclesiastical Latin from Greek \Ikharisma,\i from \Ikharis\i 'favour, grace'\c
<hw>charismatic</hw> \K/karIz"matIk/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b having charisma; inspiring enthusiasm.\p\B2\b \IRelig\i (of Christian worship) characterized by spontaneity, ecstatic utterances, etc.\p\In.\i\p\IRelig.\i a person who claims divine inspiration; an adherent of charismatic worship.\Knoun new f. SOED, corpus Aug 93\k \Bcharismatically\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>charismatic movement</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i a neo-pentecostal movement within Roman Catholic, Anglican, and other Christian Churches.
<hw>charitable</hw> \K/"tSarIt\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b generous in giving to those in need.\p\B2\b of, relating to, or connected with a charity or charities.\p\B3\b apt to judge favourably of persons, acts, and motives. \Bcharitableness\b\p\In.\i\p\Bcharitably\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French, from \IcharitΘ\i \J\Xcharity\x\j\c
<hw>charity</hw> \K/"tSarIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b giving voluntarily to those in need; alms-giving. \Bb\b the help, esp. money, so given.\p\B2\b an institution or organization for helping those in need.\p\B3\b \Ba\b kindness, benevolence. \Bb\b tolerance in judging others. \Bc\b love of one's fellow human beings. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English via Old French \IcharitΘ\i from Latin \Icaritas -tatis,\i from \Icarus\i 'dear'\c
<hw>Charity Commission</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i (in the UK) a board established to control charitable trusts.
<hw>charivari</hw> \K/SA:rI"vA:ri/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Besp. US\b \Bshivaree\b \K/SIv\F'\n"ri:/\k)\p\B1\b a serenade of banging saucepans etc. to a newly married couple.\p\B2\b a medley of sounds; a hubbub. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = a serenade with pans, trays, etc., to an unpopular person\c
<hw>charlatan</hw> \K/"SA:l\F'\nt(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\pa person falsely claiming a special knowledge or skill. \Bcharlatanism\b\p\In.\i\p\Bcharlatanry\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French from Italian \Iciarlatano,\i from \Iciarlare\i 'babble'\c
<hw>Charles' Law</hw> \K/"tSA:lz/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \BCharles's Law\b \K/"tSA:lzIz/\k) \IChem.\i the law stating that the volume of an ideal gas at constant pressure is directly proportional to the absolute temperature. \BEtymology:\b \3named after J. A. C. \ICharles,\i French scientist d. 1823, who first formulated it\c
<hw>Charles's Wain</hw> \K/"tSA:lzIz/\k\p\In.\i\p\Besp. Brit.\b \IAstron\i = \J\Xplough\x 4.\j \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \ICarles wµgn\i 'the wain of Carl' (Charles the Great, Charlemagne), perhaps by association of the star Arcturus with legends of King Arthur and Charlemagne\c
<hw>charleston</hw> \K/"tSA:lst(\F'\n)n/, /-lz-/\k \In. & v.\i (also \BCharleston)\b\p\In.\i\p\IDancing\i a lively dance of the 1920s with side-kicks from the knee. \Iv.intr.\i dance the charleston. \BEtymology:\b \3named after \ICharleston,\i a city in S. Carolina, US\c
<hw>charley horse</hw> \K/"tSA:li/\k\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b \Islang\i stiffness or a cramp in an arm or leg. \BEtymology:\b \319th c.: origin uncertain\c
<hw>charlie</hw> \K/"tSA:li/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \Islang\i\p\B1\b a fool.\p\B2\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i a woman's breasts. \BEtymology:\b \3diminutive of the name \ICharles\i\c
<hw>charlock</hw> \K/"tSA:lQk/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a wild mustard, Sinapis arvensis, with yellow flowers. \IAlso called\i \Ifield mustard.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Icerlic,\i of unknown origin\c
<hw>charlotte</hw> \K/"SA:l\F'\nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i a pudding made of stewed fruit with a casing or layers or covering of bread, sponge cake, biscuits, or breadcrumbs \3(apple charlotte).\c \BEtymology:\b \3French\c
<hw>charlotte russe</hw> \K/"ru:s/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i custard etc. enclosed in sponge cake or a casing of sponge fingers. \BEtymology:\b \3French = Russian charlotte\c
<hw>charm</hw> \K/tSA:m/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the power or quality of giving delight, arousing admiration, or influencing. \Bb\b fascination, attractiveness. \Bc\b \I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i an attractive or enticing quality.\p\B2\b \IJewellery\i a trinket on a bracelet etc.\p\B3\b \Ba\b an object, act, or word(s) supposedly having occult or magic power; a spell. \Bb\b a thing worn to avert evil etc.; an amulet.\p\B4\b \IPhysics\i a property of matter manifested by certain quarks. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b delight, captivate \3(charmed by the performance).\c\p\B2\b influence or protect as if by magic \3(leads a charmed life).\c\p\B3\b \Ba\b gain by charm \3(charmed agreement out of him).\c \Bb\b influence by charm \3(charmed her into consenting).\c\p\B4\b cast a spell on, bewitch.\p\1like a charm\c perfectly, wonderfully. \Bcharmer\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icharme,\i \Icharmer\i from Latin \Icarmen\i 'song'\c
<hw>charm bracelet</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IJewellery\i a bracelet hung with small trinkets.
<hw>charmeuse</hw> \K/SA:"m\F'\n:z/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITextiles\i a soft smooth silky dress fabric. \BEtymology:\b \3French, fem. of \Icharmeur\i 'charmer' (as \J\Xcharm\x)\j\c
<hw>charming</hw> \K/"tSA:mIN/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b delightful, attractive, pleasing.\p\B2\b \I(often as \Bint.)\b\i \Iiron.\i expressing displeasure or disapproval. \Bcharmingly\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>charm offensive</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i the deliberate use of charm or cooperation in order to achieve a (usu. political) goal.\Knew in COD9 f. NEWS Feb 94\k
<hw>charnel house</hw> \K/"tSA:n(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\pa house or vault in which dead bodies or bones are piled. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English & Old French \Icharnel\i 'burying place' via medieval Latin \Icarnale\i from Late Latin \Icarnalis\i \J\Xcarnal\x\j\c
<hw>Charolais</hw> \K/"Sar\F'\n(U)leI/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \BCharollais)\b \I(pl.\i same) \IZool\i\p\B1\b an animal of a breed of large white beef cattle.\p\B2\b this breed. \BEtymology:\b \3Monts du \ICharollais\i in E. France\c
<hw>charpoy</hw> \K/"tSA:pOI/\k\p\In.\i\p\BAnglo-Ind.\b \IFurniture\i a light bedstead. \BEtymology:\b \3Hindustani \Icharpai\i\c
<hw>charr</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xchar\x (4).\j
<hw>chart</hw> \K/tSA:t/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IGeog Naut Aeron\i a geographical map or plan, esp. for navigation by sea or air.\p\B2\b a sheet of information in the form of a table, graph, or diagram.\p\B3\b \I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i a listing of the currently most popular records, esp. pop singles. \Iv.tr.\i make a chart of, map. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icharte\i from Latin \Icharta\i \J\Xcard\x (1)\j\c
<hw>chartbuster</hw> \K/"tSA:tbVst\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMus\i \Icolloq.\i a best-selling popular song, record, etc.
<hw>charter</hw> \K/"tSA:t\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ILaw\i \Ba\b a written grant of rights, by the sovereign or legislature, esp. the creation of a borough, company, university, etc. \Bb\b a written constitution or description of an organization's functions etc.\p\B2\b \IAeron Naut\i a contract to hire an aircraft, ship, etc., for a special purpose.\p\B3\b = \J\Xcharter party\x.\j \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b grant a charter to.\p\B2\b \IAeron Naut\i hire (an aircraft, ship, etc.). \Bcharterer\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ichartre\i from Latin \Ichartula,\i diminutive of \Icharta\i \J\Xcard\x (1)\j\c
<hw>chartered</hw> \K/"tSA:t\F'\nd/\k \Iadj.\i \BBrit.\b (of an accountant, engineer, librarian, etc.) qualified as a member of a professional body that has a royal charter.
<hw>chartered libertine</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b a person allowed to do as he or she pleases.
<hw>charter flight</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAeron\i a flight by a chartered aircraft.
<hw>Charter Mark</hw>\p\In.\i\p(in the UK) an award granted to institutions for exceptional public service under the terms of the Citizen's Charter.\Knew in COD9 f. corpus, News Mar 94\k
<hw>charter member</hw>\p\In.\i\pan original member of a society, corporation, etc.
<hw>charter party</hw>\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \INaut\i a deed between a shipowner and a merchant for the hire of a ship and the delivery of cargo. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icharte partie\i from medieval Latin \Icharta partita\i 'divided charter, indenture'\c
<hw>Chartism</hw> \K/"tSA:tIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i \Ihist.\i the principles of the UK parliamentary reform movement of 1837-48. \BChartist\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icharta\i charter + \J\X-ism\x:\j name taken from the manifesto 'People's Charter'\c
<hw>chartreuse</hw> \K/SA:"tr\F'\n:z/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IDrink\i a pale green or yellow liqueur of brandy and aromatic herbs etc.\p\B2\b the pale yellow or pale green colour of this.\p\B3\b \ICookery\i a dish of fruit enclosed in jelly etc. \Iadj.\i pale green or pale yellow.\Kadj. new f. corpus Nov 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3La Grande \IChartreuse\i (Carthusian monastery near Grenoble), where the liqueur was first made\c
<hw>chart-topping</hw> \Iattrib.adj.\i \IMus.\i occupying the first place in a chart of popular records etc. \Bchart-topper\b\p\In.\i\p\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED, Incomings Aug 93\k
<hw>charwoman</hw> \K/"tSA:wUm\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-women)\b \BBrit.\b a woman employed as a cleaner in houses or offices.
<hw>chary</hw> \K/"tSE:ri/\k \Iadj.\i \B(charier,\b \Bchariest)\b\p\B1\b cautious, wary \3(chary of employing such people).\c\p\B2\b sparing; ungenerous \3(chary of giving praise).\c\p\B3\b shy. \Bcharily\b \Iadv.\i\Kchariness omitted Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Icearig,\i related to \J\Xcare\x\j\c
<hw>Charybdis</hw> \Isee\i \J\XScylla and Charybdis\x.\j
<hw>Chas.</hw> \Iabbr.\i Charles.
<hw>chase (1)</hw> \K/tSeIs/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i pursue in order to catch.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \I(foll. by \Bfrom,\b \Bout of,\b \Bto,\b etc.)\i drive.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i \Ba\b \I(foll. by \Bafter)\b\i hurry in pursuit of (a person). \Bb\b \I(foll. by \Bround\b etc.)\i \Icolloq.\i act or move about hurriedly.\p\B4\b \Itr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bup)\b\i \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i pursue (overdue work, payment, etc. or the person responsible for it).\p\B5\b \Itr.\i \Icolloq.\i \Ba\b try to attain. \Bb\b court persistently and openly.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b pursuit.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b \IHunting\i unenclosed hunting land.\p\B3\b \I(prec. by \Bthe)\b\i \IHunting\i hunting, esp. as a sport.\p\B4\b \IHunting\i an animal etc. that is pursued.\p\B5\b \IRacing\i = \J\Xsteeplechase\x.\j\p\1go and chase oneself\c \I(usu. in \Bimper.)\b\i \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i depart. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ichace chacier,\i ultimately from Latin \Icapere\i 'take'\c
<hw>chase (2)</hw> \K/tSeIs/\k \Iv.tr.\i \IMetallurgy Art\i emboss or engrave (metal). \BEtymology:\b \3apparently from earlier \Ienchase\i from Old French \Ienchasser\i (as \J\Xen-\x (1),\j \J\Xcase\x (2))\j\c
<hw>chase (3)</hw> \K/tSeIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPrinting\i a metal frame holding composed type. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IchΓsse\i from Latin \Icapsa\i \J\Xcase\x (2)\j\c
<hw>chase (4)</hw> \K/tSeIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMil\i the part of a gun enclosing the bore.\p\B2\b \IEngin\i a trench or groove cut to receive a pipe etc. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ichas\i 'enclosed space' via Provenτal \Ica(u)s\i from medieval Latin \Icapsum\i 'thorax, nave of a church'\c
<hw>chaser</hw> \K/"tSeIs\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person or thing that chases.\p\B2\b \ISport\i a horse for steeplechasing.\p\B3\b \Icolloq.\i \IDrink\i a drink taken after another of a different kind, e.g. spirits after beer.\Ksense 4 amorous pursuer of women omitted on advice of F. Abate Oct 94\k
<hw>chasm</hw> \K/"kaz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IGeol\i a deep fissure or opening in the earth, rock, etc.\p\B2\b a wide difference of feeling, interests, etc.; a gulf.\p\B3\b \Iarchaic\i a hiatus. \Bchasmic\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ichasma\i from Greek \Ikhasma\i 'gaping hollow'\c
<hw>chassΘ</hw> \K/"SaseI/\k \In. & v.\i \IDancing\i\p\In.\i\pa gliding step in dancing. \Iv.intr.\i \B(chassΘd;\b \BchassΘing)\b make this step. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = chasing\c
\B\Ichasse\b\i \K/SA:s/, French /Sas/\k\p\In.\i\p\IDrink\i a liqueur taken after coffee etc. \BEtymology:\b \3French from \Ichasser\i \J\Xchase\x (1)\j\c
<hw>chasseur sauce</hw> \K/Sa"s\F'\n:/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i a rich sauce with wine and mushrooms for serving esp. with poultry or game.\Knew f. OERD, corpus Sep 94\k
<hw>chassis</hw> \K/"Sasi/, /-i:/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i same \K/-sIz/\k)\p\B1\b \ITransport Mech\i the base frame of a motor vehicle, carriage, etc.\p\B2\b a frame to carry radio etc. components. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IchΓssis,\i ultimately from Latin \Icapsa\i \J\Xcase\x (2)\j\c
<hw>chaste</hw> \K/tSeIst/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b abstaining from extramarital, or from all, sexual intercourse.\p\B2\b (of behaviour, speech, etc.) pure, virtuous, decent.\p\B3\b (of artistic etc. style) simple, unadorned. \Bchastely\b \Iadv.\i \Bchasteness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Icastus\i\c
<hw>chasten</hw> \K/"tSeIs(\F'\n)n/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b (esp. as \Bchastening, chastened\b \Iadjs.)\i subdue, restrain \3(a chastening experience;\c \2chastened by his failure).\c\p\B2\b discipline, punish.\p\B3\b moderate. \Bchastener\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3obsolete verb \Ichaste\i via Old French \Ichastier\i from Latin \Icastigare\i \J\Xcastigate\x\j\c
<hw>chaste tree</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i an ornamental shrub, Vitex agnus-castus, with blue or white flowers.
<hw>chastise</hw> \K/tSa"stVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b rebuke or reprimand severely.\p\B2\b punish, esp. by beating. \Bchastisement\b \K/"tSastIzm(\F'\n)nt/, /-"tVIzm(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bchastiser\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, apparently formed irregularly from obsolete verbs \Ichaste,\i \Ichasty:\i see \J\Xchasten\x\j\c
<hw>chastity</hw> \K/"tSastIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b being chaste.\p\B2\b sexual abstinence; virginity.\p\B3\b simplicity of style or taste. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \IchastetΘ\i from Latin \Icastitas -tatis,\i from \Icastus\i \J\Xchaste\x\j\c
<hw>chastity belt</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IClothing\i \Ihist.\i a woman's garment designed to prevent the wearer from having sexual intercourse.
<hw>chasuble</hw> \K/"tSazjUb(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i a loose sleeveless usu. ornate outer vestment worn by a priest celebrating Mass or the Eucharist. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ichesible,\i later \I-uble,\i ultimately from Latin \Icasula\i 'hooded cloak, little cottage', diminutive of \Icasa\i 'cottage'\c
<hw>chat (1)</hw> \K/tSat/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.intr.\i \B(chatted,\b \Bchatting)\b talk in a light familiar way.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b informal conversation or talk.\p\B2\b an instance of this.\p\Bchat up\b \Icolloq.\i chat to, esp. flirtatiously or with an ulterior motive. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English: shortening of \J\Xchatter\x\j\c
<hw>chat (2)</hw> \K/tSat/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i any of various small birds with harsh calls, esp. a stonechat or whinchat or certain American or Australian warblers. \BEtymology:\b \3probably imitative\c
<hw>chateau</hw> \K/"Sat\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \BchΓteau)\b \I(pl.\i \B-teaux\b \Ipronunc.\i same or \K/-t\F'\nUz/\k) \IArchit Drink\i a large French country house or castle, often giving its name to wine made in its neighbourhood. \BEtymology:\b \3French from Old French \Ichastel\i \J\Xcastle\x\j\c
<hw>chateaubriand</hw> \K/%Sat\F'\nUbrI"jQ+~/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFood\i a thick fillet of beef steak. \BEtymology:\b \3named after Vicomte de \IChateaubriand\i (d. 1848), French writer and statesman\c
<hw>chatelaine</hw> \K/"Sat\F'\nleIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the mistress of a large house.\p\B2\b \Ihist.\i a set of short chains attached to a woman's belt, for carrying keys etc. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IchΓtelaine,\i fem. of \Ichatelain\i 'lord of a castle', from medieval Latin \Icastellanus\i \J\Xcastellan\x\j\c
<hw>chatline</hw> \K/"tSatlVIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITelephony\i a telephone service which sets up conference calls esp. among young people.\Knew in COD9 f. POD, NSOED Aug 93\k
<hw>chat show</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IBroadcasting\i a television or radio programme in which celebrities are interviewed informally.
<hw>chattel</hw> \K/"tSat(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i\p\B1\b \ILaw\i any property other than freehold land, including tangible goods \B(chattels personal)\b and leasehold interests \B(chattels real).\b\p\B2\b (in general use) a personal possession. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ichatel:\i see \J\Xcattle\x\j\c
<hw>chattel mortgage</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b \ICommerce\i the conveyance of chattels by mortgage as security for a debt.
<hw>chatter</hw> \K/"tSat\F'\n/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.intr.\i\p\B1\b talk quickly, incessantly, trivially, or indiscreetly.\p\B2\b (of a bird, monkey, etc.) emit short quick sounds.\p\B3\b (of the teeth) click repeatedly together (usu. from cold).\p\B4\b (of a tool) clatter from vibration.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b chattering talk or sounds.\p\B2\b the vibration of a tool.\p\1the chattering classes\c \BBrit.\b \Ijoc.\i intellectuals as a social group.\Kchattering classes new in COD9 f. corpus, incomings, ODNW Aug 93\k \Bchatterer\b\p\In.\i\p\Bchattery\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English: imitative\c
<hw>chatty</hw> \K/"tSati/\k \Iadj.\i \B(chattier,\b \Bchattiest)\b\p\B1\b fond of chatting; talkative.\p\B2\b resembling chat; informal and lively \3(a chatty letter).\c \Bchattily\b \Iadv.\i \Bchattiness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>chat-up</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Icolloq.\i an instance of chatting a person up \I(often \Battrib.:\b\i \2chat-up lines).\c\Knew f. corpus Oct 94\k
<hw>Chaucerian</hw> \K/tSO:"sI\F'\nrI\F'\nn/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \ILiterature\i \Iadj.\i of or relating to the English poet Chaucer (d. 1400) or his style.\p\In.\i\pa student of Chaucer.
<hw>chaud-froid</hw> \K/S\F'\nU"frwA:/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i a dish of cold cooked meat or fish in jelly or sauce. \BEtymology:\b \3French from \Ichaud\i 'hot' + \Ifroid\i 'cold'\c
<hw>chauffeur</hw> \K/"S\F'\nUf\F'\n/, /S\F'\nU"f\F'\n:/\k \In. & v.\i \ITransport\i\p\In.\i\p\I(fem.\i \Bchauffeuse\b \K/-"f\F'\n:z/\k) a person employed to drive a private or hired motor car. \Iv.tr.\i drive (a car or a passenger) as a chauffeur. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = stoker\c
<hw>chaulmoogra</hw> \K/tSO:l"mu:gr\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i any of several tropical Asian trees of the family Flacourtiaceae, esp. \IHydnocarpus kurzii,\i with seeds yielding an oil formerly used to treat skin diseases. \BEtymology:\b \3Bengali\c
<hw>chautauqua</hw> \K/tSO:"tO:kw\F'\n/, /S-/\k\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b \Ihist.\i an institution that provided popular adult education courses and entertainment in the late 19th - early 20th c. \BEtymology:\b \3\IChautauqua\i in New York State, where such courses were held\c
<hw>chauvinism</hw> \K/"S\F'\nUv(I)nIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b exaggerated or aggressive patriotism.\p\B2\b excessive or prejudiced support or loyalty for one's cause or group or sex \3(male chauvinism).\c \BEtymology:\b \3named after N. \IChauvin,\i a Napoleonic veteran popularized as a character in the Cogniards' \ICocarde Tricolore\i (1831)\c
<hw>chauvinist</hw> \K/"S\F'\nUv(I)nIst/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person exhibiting chauvinism.\p\B2\b (in full \Bmale chauvinist)\b a man showing excessive loyalty to men and prejudice against women. \Bchauvinistic\b \K/-"nIstIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Bchauvinistically\b \K/-"nIstIk(\F'\n)li/\k \Iadv.\i
<hw>Ch.B.</hw> \Iabbr.\i \ISurgery\i Bachelor of Surgery. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \IChirurgiae Baccalaureus\i\c
<hw>cheap</hw> \K/tSi:p/\k \Iadj. & adv.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b low in price; worth more than its cost \3(a cheap holiday;\c \2cheap labour).\c\p\B2\b charging low prices; offering good value \3(a cheap restaurant).\c\p\B3\b of poor quality; inferior \3(cheap housing).\c\p\B4\b \Ba\b costing little effort or acquired by discreditable means and hence of little worth \3(cheap popularity;\c \2a cheap joke).\c \Bb\b contemptible; despicable \3(a cheap criminal).\c\p\B5\b \BN. Amer.\b \Icolloq.\i stingy.\Ksense 5 new f. K. Barber, Am.Her.Dict. Sep 94\k \Iadv.\i cheaply \3(got it cheap).\c\p\1cheap and cheerful\c \BBrit.\b inexpensive but not unattractive.\Kcheap and cheerful new in COD9 f. NSOED Aug 93\k\p\1cheap and nasty\c \BBrit.\b of low cost and bad quality.\p\1dirt cheap\c very cheap.\p\1feel cheap\c feel ashamed or contemptible.\p\1on the cheap\c cheaply. \Bcheapish\b \Iadj.\i \Bcheaply\b \Iadv.\i \Bcheapness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3obsolete phrase \Igood cheap\i 'a good bargain', from Old English \Iceap\i 'barter', ultimately from Latin \Icaupo\i 'innkeeper'\c
<hw>cheapen</hw> \K/"tSi:p(\F'\n)n/\k \Iv.tr. & intr.\i make or become cheap or cheaper; depreciate, degrade.
<hw>cheapie</hw> \K/"TSi:pi/\k \In. & adj.\i \Besp. N. Amer.\b \Islang\i\p\In.\i\pa cheap product. \Iadj.\i \I(usu. \Battrib.)\b\i cheap.\Knew f. corpus, incomings Sep 94\k
<hw>cheapskate</hw> \K/"tSi:pskeIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\Icolloq.\i a stingy or parsimonious person; a miser. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xcheap\x\j + \Iskate\i 'a worn-out horse; a mean, contemptible, or dishonest person' (19th c.: origin unknown)\c
<hw>cheat</hw> \K/tSi:t/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b \I(often foll. by \Binto,\b \Bout of)\b\i deceive or trick \3(cheated into parting with his savings).\c \Bb\b \I(foll. by \Bof)\b\i deprive of \3(cheated of a chance to reply).\c\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i gain unfair advantage by deception or breaking rules, esp. in a game or examination.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i avoid (something undesirable) by luck or skill \3(cheated the bad weather).\c\p\B4\b \Itr.\i \Iarchaic\i divert attention from, beguile (time, tedium, etc.).\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person who cheats.\p\B2\b a trick, fraud, or deception.\p\B3\b an act of cheating.\p\Bcheat on\b \Icolloq.\i be sexually unfaithful to.\Kcheatingly omitted Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English \Ichete\i from \Iachete,\i variant of \J\Xescheat\x\j\c
<hw>cheater</hw> \K/"tSi:t\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person who cheats.\p\B2\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \BN. Amer.\b \Islang\i spectacles.
<hw>Chechen</hw> \K/"tSEtSEn/\k \In. & adj.\i \IPeople\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-s\b or same) a member of a Muslim Caucasian people inhabiting Chechnya, an autonomous republic in SE Russia. \Iadj.\i of or relating to this people.\Knew f. incomings Dec 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3from obsolete Russian \Ichechen\i (modern Russian \Ichechenets)\i\c
<hw>check (1)</hw> \K/tSEk/\k \Iv., n., & int.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \I(also \Babsol.)\b\i \Ba\b examine the accuracy, quality, or condition of. \Bb\b \I(often foll. by \Bthat\b + clause)\i make sure; verify; establish to one's satisfaction \3(checked that the doors were locked;\c \2checked the train times).\c\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b stop or slow the motion of; curb, restrain \3(progress was checked by bad weather).\c \Bb\b \Icolloq.\i find fault with; rebuke.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \IChess\i move a piece into a position that directly threatens (the opposing king).\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i \BUS\b agree or correspond when compared.\p\B5\b \Itr.\i \BUS\b mark with a tick etc.\p\B6\b \Itr.\i \BN. Amer.\b deposit (luggage etc.) for storage or dispatch.\p\B7\b \Iintr.\i \IHunting\i (of hounds) pause to ensure or regain scent.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a means or act of testing or ensuring accuracy, quality, satisfactory condition, etc.\p\B2\b \Ba\b a stopping or slowing of motion; a restraint on action. \Bb\b a rebuff or rebuke. \Bc\b a person or thing that restrains.\p\B3\b \I(also as \Bint.)\b\i \IChess\i \Ba\b the exposure of a king to direct attack from an opposing piece. \Bb\b an announcement of this by the attacking player.\p\B4\b \BUS\b a bill in a restaurant.\p\B5\b (in full \Bbaggage\b or \Bluggage check)\b \Besp. N. Amer.\b a token of identification for left luggage etc.\p\B6\b \BUS\b \ICards\i a counter used in various games.\p\B7\b \IHunting\i a temporary loss of the scent in hunting.\p\B8\b a crack or flaw in timber. \Iint.\i \BN. Amer.\b \Icolloq.\i expressing assent or agreement.\p\Bcheck in\b\p\B1\b arrive or register at a hotel, airport, etc.\p\B2\b record the arrival of.\p\Bcheck into\b register one's arrival at (a hotel etc.).\p\Bcheck off\b mark on a list etc. as having been examined or dealt with.\p\Bcheck on\b examine carefully or in detail; ascertain the truth about; keep a watch on (a person, work done, etc.).\p\Bcheck out\b\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bof)\b\i leave a hotel etc. with due formalities.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i investigate; examine for authenticity or suitability.\p\B3\b \BN. Amer.\b \Islang\i die.\K3 new f. K. Barber Dec 94\k\p\Bcheck over\b examine for errors; verify.\p\Bcheck through\b inspect or examine exhaustively; verify successive items of.\p\Bcheck up\b ascertain, verify, make sure.\p\Bcheck up on\b = \Icheck on.\i\p\1in check\c under control, restrained. \Bcheckable\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ieschequier\i 'play chess, give check to', and Old French \Ieschec,\i ultimately from Persian \IÜah\i 'king'\c
<hw>check (2)</hw> \K/tSEk/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a pattern of small squares.\p\B2\b \ITextiles\i fabric having this pattern.\p\B3\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i so patterned.\Ksense 3 new in COD9 f. POD Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, probably from \J\Xchequer\x\j\c
<hw>checked</hw> \K/tSEkt/\k \Iadj.\i having a check pattern.
<hw>checker (1)</hw> \K/"tSEk\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person or thing that verifies or examines, esp. in a factory etc.\p\B2\b \BUS\b a cashier in a supermarket etc.
<hw>checker (2)</hw> \K/"tSEk\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ivar. of\i \J\Xchequer\x.\j\p\B2\b \BN. Amer.\b \IGames\i \Ba\b \I(in \Bpl.,\b\i \Iusu. treated as \Bsing.)\b\i the game of draughts. \Bb\b = \J\Xcheckerman\x.\j
<hw>checkerberry</hw> \K/"tSEk\F'\nbEri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IBot\i\p\B1\b a N. American creeping evergreen shrub, Gaultheria procumbens, with spiny scented leaves and white flowers; \Ialso called\i \Iwintergreen.\i\p\B2\b the edible red fruit of this plant. \BEtymology:\b \3\Icheckers\i 'berries of the service tree' (from their colour)\c
<hw>checkerman</hw> \K/"tSEk\F'\nman/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-men)\b \BN. Amer.\b \IGames\i each of the pieces in a game of draughts.
<hw>check-in</hw>\p\In.\i\pthe act or place of checking in.
<hw>checking account</hw> \K/"tSEkIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\BUS\b \ICommerce\i a current account at a bank. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xcheck\x (3)\j\c
<hw>checklist</hw> \K/"tSEklIst/\k\p\In.\i\pa list for reference and verification.
<hw>checkmate</hw> \K/"tSEkmeIt/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \I(also as \Bint.)\b\i \IChess\i \Ba\b check from which a king cannot escape. \Bb\b an announcement of this.\p\B2\b a final defeat or deadlock. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \IChess\i put into checkmate.\p\B2\b defeat; frustrate. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ieschec mat\i from Persian \IÜah mat\i 'the king is dead'\c
<hw>checkout</hw> \K/"tSEkaUt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an act of checking out.\p\B2\b \ICommerce\i a point at which goods are paid for in a supermarket etc.
<hw>checkpoint</hw> \K/"tSEkpOInt/\k\p\In.\i\pa place, esp. a barrier or manned entrance, where documents, vehicles, etc., are inspected.
<hw>check-rein</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IRiding\i a rein attaching one horse's rein to another's bit, or preventing a horse from lowering its head.
<hw>checkroom</hw> \K/"tSEkru:m/, /-rUm/\k\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b\p\B1\b a cloakroom in a hotel or theatre.\p\B2\b an office for left luggage etc.
<hw>check sum</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IElectronics\i a digit representing the sum of the digits in a digital signal and transmitted with it as a check against errors.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k
<hw>check valve</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMech\i a valve allowing flow in one direction only.
<hw>Cheddar</hw> \K/"tSEd\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFood\i a kind of firm smooth yellow, white, or orange cheese originally made in Cheddar but now widely imitated. \BEtymology:\b \3\ICheddar,\i a village in SW England\c
<hw>cheek</hw> \K/tSi:k/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IAnat\i \Ba\b the side of the face below the eye. \Bb\b the side wall of the mouth.\p\B2\b \Ba\b impertinent speech. \Bb\b impertinence; cool confidence \3(had the cheek to ask for more).\c\p\B3\b \IAnat\i \Islang\i either buttock.\p\B4\b \ICarpentry etc.\i \Ba\b either of the side posts of a door etc. \Bb\b either of the jaws of a vice. \Bc\b either of the side pieces of various parts of machines arranged in lateral pairs. \Iv.tr.\i speak impertinently to.\p\1cheek by jowl\c close together; intimate.\p\1turn the other cheek\c accept attack etc. meekly; refuse to retaliate. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ice(a)ce,\i \Iceoce\i\c
<hw>cheekbone</hw> \K/"tSi:kb\F'\nUn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnat\i the bone below the eye; the zygomatic bone.
<hw>cheep</hw> \K/tSi:p/\k \In. & v.\i \IZool\i\p\In.\i\pthe weak shrill cry of a young bird. \Iv.intr.\i make such a cry. \BEtymology:\b \3imitative: cf. \J\Xpeep\x (2)\j\c
<hw>cheer</hw> \K/tSI\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a shout of encouragement or applause.\p\B2\b mood, disposition \3(full of good cheer).\c\p\B3\b \I(in \Bpl.;\b\i \Ias \Bint.)\b\i \Icolloq.\i \Ba\b \IDrink\i expressing good wishes before drinking or \BBrit.\b before parting. \Bb\b \Besp. Brit.\b expressing gratitude.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b applaud with shouts. \Bb\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bon)\b\i urge or encourage with shouts.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i shout for joy.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i gladden; comfort.\p\Bcheer up\b make or become less depressed.\p\1three cheers\c three successive hurrahs for a person or thing honoured. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, in the sense 'face, expression, mood', via Anglo-French \Ichere,\i Old French \Ichiere\i and Late Latin \Icara\i 'face' from Greek \Ikara\i 'head'\c
<hw>cheerful</hw> \K/"tSI\F'\nfUl/, /-f(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b in good spirits, noticeably happy \3(a cheerful disposition).\c\p\B2\b bright, pleasant \3(a cheerful room).\c\p\B3\b willing, not reluctant. \Bcheerfully\b \Iadv.\i \Bcheerfulness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>cheerio</hw> \K/tSI\F'\nrI"\F'\nU/\k \Iint.\i \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i expressing good wishes on parting or \Iarchaic\i before drinking.
<hw>cheerleader</hw> \K/"tSI\F'\nli:d\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISport\i a person who leads cheers of applause etc.
<hw>cheerly</hw> \K/"tSI\F'\nli/\k \Iadv. & adj.\i \Iadv.\i \Iesp. Naut.\i heartily, with a will. \Iadj.\i \Iarchaic\i cheerful.
<hw>cheery</hw> \K/"tSI\F'\nri/\k \Iadj.\i \B(cheerier,\b \Bcheeriest)\b lively; in good spirits; genial, cheering. \Bcheerily\b \Iadv.\i \Bcheeriness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>cheese (1)</hw> \K/tSi:z/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IFood\i \Ba\b a food made from the pressed curds of milk. \Bb\b a complete cake of this with rind.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b \IFood\i a conserve having the consistency of soft cheese \3(lemon cheese).\c\p\B3\b \IGames\i a round flat object, e.g. the heavy flat wooden disc used in skittles.\p\1hard cheese\c \BBrit.\b \Islang\i bad luck. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Icese,\i ultimately from Latin \Icaseus\i\c
<hw>cheese (2)</hw> \K/tSi:z/\k \Iv.tr.\i \Islang\i (usu. as \Bcheesed\b \Iadj.)\i \I(often foll. by \Boff)\b\i exasperate.\p\1cheese it\c\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b \Iarchaic\i stop it, leave off.\p\B2\b \BUS\b look out; run away.\Ksense 2 new f. F. Abate oct 94\k \BEtymology:\b \319th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>cheese (3)</hw> \K/tSi:z/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bbig cheese)\b \Islang\i an important person. \BEtymology:\b \3perhaps from Hindustani \Ichiz\i thing\c
<hw>cheeseboard</hw> \K/"tSi:zbO:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i\p\B1\b a board from which cheese is served.\p\B2\b \IFood\i a selection of cheeses.
<hw>cheeseburger</hw> \K/"tSi:zb\F'\n:g\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i a beefburger with a slice of cheese on it, usu. served in a roll.
<hw>cheesecake</hw> \K/"tSi:zkeIk/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ICookery\i a tart filled with sweetened curds etc.\p\B2\b \Islang\i the portrayal of women in a sexually attractive manner.
<hw>cheesecloth</hw> \K/"tSi:zklQT/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITextiles\i thin loosely woven cloth, used originally for wrapping cheese.
<hw>cheese-cutter</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ITools\i\p\B1\b a knife with a broad curved blade.\p\B2\b a device for cutting cheese by pulling a wire through it.
<hw>cheese-fly</hw>\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-flies)\b \IZool\i a small black fly, Piophila casei, breeding in cheese.
<hw>cheese-head</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ICarpentry etc.\i a type of screw head shaped like a squat cylinder.
<hw>cheesemaker</hw> \K/"tSi:zmeIk\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFood\i a maker of cheese. \Bcheesemaking\b\p\In.\i\p\Knew f. corpus, OED Sep 93\k
<hw>cheese-mite</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i any mite of the genus \ITyroglyphus\i feeding on cheese.
<hw>cheesemonger</hw> \K/"tSi:zmVNg\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ICommerce\i a dealer in cheese, butter, etc.
<hw>cheese-paring</hw> \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i stingy.\p\In.\i\pstinginess. \Bcheese-pare\b \Iv.tr. & intr.\i\K-pare new in COD9 f. News, corpus Aug 93\k
<hw>cheese straw</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i a thin cheese-flavoured strip of pastry.
<hw>cheesewood</hw> \K/"tSi:zwUd/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b an Australian tree of the genus \IPittosporum.\i\p\B2\b \IForestry\i its hard yellowish wood.
<hw>cheesy</hw> \K/"tSi:zi/\k \Iadj.\i \B(cheesier,\b \Bcheesiest)\b\p\B1\b like cheese in taste, smell, appearance, etc.\p\B2\b \Islang\i corny, tacky. \Bcheesiness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>cheetah</hw> \K/"tSi:t\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a swift-running feline, Acinonyx jubatus, with a leopard-like spotted coat. \BEtymology:\b \3Hindi \Icita,\i perhaps from Sanskrit \Icitraka\i 'speckled'\c
<hw>chef</hw> \K/SEf/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i a cook, esp. the chief cook in a restaurant etc. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = head\c
\B\Ichef-d'£uvre\b\i \K/SeI"d\F'\n:vr(\F'\n)/, French /SEd9vr/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B\Ichefs-d'£uvre\b\i \Ipronunc.\i same) a masterpiece. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = chief (piece of) work\c
<hw>Chekhovian</hw> \K/tSE"k\F'\nUvI\F'\nn/\k \Iadj.\i \ITheatr.\i of or characteristic of the work of Anton Chekhov (d. 1904), esp. in attaching dramatic and symbolic significance to detail.\Knew f. corpus, SOED Sep 93\k
<hw>chela (1)</hw> \K/"ki:l\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bchelae\b \K/-li:/\k) \IZool Anat\i a prehensile claw of crabs, lobsters, scorpions, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from Latin \Ichele,\i or Greek \Ikhele\i 'claw'\c
<hw>chela (2)</hw> \K/"tSeIl\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bchelas)\b \IRelig\i (esp. in Hinduism) a disciple; a pupil. \BEtymology:\b \3Hindi, = servant\c
<hw>chelate</hw> \K/"ki:leIt/\k \In., adj., & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i a usu. organometallic compound containing a ligand which bonds to a central atom at two or more points. \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IChem.\i of, involving, or able to form a chelate.\p\B2\b \IZool.\i & \IAnat.\i of or having chelae. \Iv.intr.\i \IChem.\i form a chelate. \Bchelation\b \K/-"leIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xchela\x (1)\j + \J\X-ate\x (1) (2)\j\c
<hw>chelicerate</hw> \K/k\F'\n"lIs\F'\nreIt/, /-(\F'\n)r\F'\nt/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IZool.\i \Iadj.\i of or relating to the subphylum Chelicerata of arthropods with a pair of appendages modified as pincer-like jaws.\p\In.\i\pa chelicerate anthropod, e.g. an arachnid.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \IChelicerata,\i from Greek \Ikhele\i 'claw' + \Ikeras\i 'horn' + \J\X-ate\x (1)\j\c
<hw>Chellean</hw> \K/"SElI\F'\nn/\k \Iadj.\i \IArchaeol.\i = \J\XAbbevillian\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3French \IchellΘen\i from \IChelles\i near Paris\c
<hw>chelonian</hw> \K/kI"l\F'\nUnI\F'\nn/\k \In. & adj.\i \IZool\i\p\In.\i\pany reptile of the order Chelonia, including turtles, terrapins, and tortoises, having a shell of bony plates covered with horny scales. \Iadj.\i of or relating to this order. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \IChelonia\i from Greek \Ikhelone\i 'tortoise'\c
<hw>Chelsea bun</hw> \K/"tSElsi/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ICookery\i a kind of currant bun in the form of a flat spiral. \BEtymology:\b \3\IChelsea\i in London\c
<hw>Chelsea pensioner</hw> \K/"tSElsi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed Mil\i (in the UK) an inmate of the Chelsea Royal Hospital for old or disabled soldiers.
<hw>Chelsea ware</hw> \K/"tSElsi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPorcelain\i any of various soft-paste porcelains made at Chelsea in the 18th c.
<hw>chemical</hw> \K/"kEmIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IChem\i \Iadj.\i of, made by, or employing chemistry or chemicals.\p\In.\i\pa substance obtained or used in chemistry. \Bchemically\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3\Ichemic\i 'alchemic', via French \Ichimique\i or modern Latin \Ichimicus,\i \Ichymicus\i from medieval Latin \Ialchymicus:\i see \J\Xalchemy\x\j\c
<hw>chemical bond</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IChem Physics\i an interaction by which atoms are held together in a molecule or crystal.
<hw>chemical engineer</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IEngin\i an engineer specializing in the design and operation of industrial chemical plants. \Bchemical engineering\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>chemical reaction</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i a process that involves change in the structure of atoms, molecules, or ions.
<hw>chemical warfare</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i warfare using poison gas and other chemicals.
<hw>chemical weapon</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMil.\i a weapon depending for its effect on the release of a toxic or noxious substance.\Knew in COD9 f. News Aug 93\k
<hw>chemico-</hw> \K/"kEmIk\F'\nU/\k \Icomb. form\i chemical; chemical and \3(chemico-physical).\c
<hw>chemiluminescence</hw> \K/%kEmI%lu:mI"nEs(\F'\n)ns/, /-%lju:mI"nEs(\F'\n)ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i the emission of light during a chemical reaction. \Bchemiluminescent\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3German \IChemilumineszenz\i (as \J\Xchemi-\x,\j \J\Xluminescence\x)\j\c
<hw>chemin de fer</hw> \K/S\F'\n%ma~ d\F'\n "fE:/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICards\i a form of baccarat. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = railway, literally 'road of iron'\c
<hw>chemise</hw> \K/S\F'\n"mi:z/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFashion\i a woman's loose-fitting undergarment or dress hanging straight from the shoulders. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Late Latin \Icamisia\i 'shirt'\c
<hw>chemisorption</hw> \K/kEmI"sO:pS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i adsorption by chemical bonding. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xchemi-\x\j + \J\Xadsorption\x\j (see \J\Xadsorb\x)\j\c
<hw>chemist</hw> \K/"kEmIst/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b \IPharm\i \Ba\b a dealer in medicinal drugs, usu. also selling other medical goods and toiletries. \Bb\b an authorized dispenser of medicines.\p\B2\b \IChem\i a person practising or trained in chemistry. \BEtymology:\b \3earlier \Ichymist,\i via French \Ichimiste\i from modern Latin \Ichimista,\i from \Ialchimista\i \J\Xalchemist\x\j (see \J\Xalchemy\x)\j\c
<hw>chemistry</hw> \K/"kEmIstri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \IChem\i the study of the elements and the compounds they form and the reactions they undergo.\p\B2\b \IChem.\i the chemical composition and properties of a substance.\p\B3\b any complex (esp. emotional) change or process \3(the chemistry of fear).\c\p\B4\b \Icolloq.\i \Ba\b a person's personality or temperament. \Bb\b the attraction or interaction between people.\Ksenses 2 and 4b new in COD9 f. POD, corpus Aug 93\k
<hw>chemoreceptor</hw> \K/"ki:m\F'\nUrIsEpt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiol.\i a sensory organ responsive to chemical stimuli.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k
<hw>chemosynthesis</hw> \K/ki:m\F'\n(U)"sInTIsIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i the synthesis of organic compounds by energy derived from chemical reactions.
<hw>chemotherapy</hw> \K/ki:m\F'\n(U)"TEr\F'\npi/, /kEm-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i the treatment of disease, esp. cancer, by use of chemical substances. \Bchemotherapist\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>chemurgy</hw> \K/"kEm\F'\n:dZi/\k\p\In.\i\p\BUS\b \IChem\i the chemical and industrial use of organic raw materials. \Bchemurgic\b \K/-"m\F'\n:dZIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xchemo-\x,\j after \Imetallurgy\i\c
<hw>chenille</hw> \K/S\F'\n"ni:l/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITextiles\i\p\B1\b a tufty velvety cord or yarn, used in trimming furniture etc.\p\B2\b fabric made from this. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = hairy caterpillar, from Latin \Icanicula,\i diminutive of \Icanis\i 'dog'\c
<hw>cheongsam</hw> \K/tSIQN"sam/, /tSQN-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFashion Clothing\i a woman's garment with a high neck and slit skirt, worn in China. \BEtymology:\b \3Chinese\c
<hw>cheque</hw> \K/tSEk/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Bcheck)\b \ICommerce\i\p\B1\b a written order to a bank to pay the stated sum from the drawer's account.\p\B2\b the printed form on which such an order is written. \BEtymology:\b \3special use of \J\Xcheck\x (1)\j to mean 'device for checking the amount of an item'\c
<hw>chequebook</hw> \K/"tSEkbUk/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBanking\i a book of forms for writing cheques.
<hw>chequebook journalism</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IJournalism\i the payment of large sums for exclusive rights to material for (esp. personal) newspaper stories.
<hw>cheque card</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IBanking\i a card issued by a bank to guarantee the honouring of cheques up to a stated amount.
<hw>chequer</hw> \K/"tSEk\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i (also \Bchecker)\b\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \I(often in \Bpl.)\b\i a pattern of squares often alternately coloured.\p\B2\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i (usu. as \Bcheckers)\b \BUS\b \IGames\i the game of draughts. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b mark with chequers.\p\B2\b variegate; break the uniformity of.\p\B3\b (as \Bchequered\b \Iadj.)\i with varied fortunes \3(a chequered career).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from \J\Xexchequer\x\j\c
<hw>chequerboard</hw> \K/"tSEk\F'\nbO:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Bcheckerboard)\b\p\B1\b \IGames\i a chessboard.\p\B2\b a pattern resembling it.
<hw>chequered flag</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMotor Racing\i a flag with a black and white chequered pattern, displayed to drivers at the moment of finishing a race.\Knew entry in COD9 f. corpus, SOED Aug 93\k
<hw>cherish</hw> \K/"tSErIS/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b protect or tend (a child, plant, etc.) lovingly.\p\B2\b hold dear, cling to (hopes, feelings, etc.). \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Icherir,\i from \Icher,\i from Latin \Icarus\i 'dear'\c
<hw>chernozem</hw> \K/"tS\F'\n:n\F'\nzEm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeol\i a fertile black soil rich in humus, found in temperate regions, esp. S. Russia. \IAlso called\i \Iblack earth.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Russian, from \Ichernyi\i 'black' + \Izemlya\i 'earth'\c
<hw>Cherokee</hw> \K/tSEr\F'\n"ki:/\k \In. & adj.\i \IAnthropol\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPeople\i \Ba\b an American Indian tribe formerly inhabiting much of the southern US. \Bb\b a member of this tribe.\p\B2\b \ILanguage\i the language of this tribe. \Iadj.\i of or relating to the Cherokees or their language. \BEtymology:\b \3Cherokee \Itsaliki\i\c
<hw>Cherokee rose</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a fragrant white rose, Rosa laevigata, of the southern US.
<hw>cheroot</hw> \K/S\F'\n"ru:t/\k\p\In.\i\pa cigar with both ends open. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icheroute\i from Tamil \Ishuruttu\i 'roll'\c
<hw>cherry</hw> \K/"tSEri/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IBot\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a small soft round stone fruit. \Bb\b (also \Bcherry tree)\b any of several trees of the genus \IPrunus\i bearing this or grown for their ornamental flowers.\p\B2\b = \J\Xcherrywood\x.\j\p\B3\b \Icoarse slang\i \Ba\b virginity. \Bb\b the hymen.\Kdef. of 3b changed on advice of F. Abate Oct 94\k\p\B4\b a bright deep red colour.\K4 new Aug 93\k \Iadj.\i of a bright deep red colour. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old Northern French \Icherise\i (taken as pl.: cf. \J\Xpea\x)\j from medieval Latin \Iceresia,\i perhaps via Latin from Greek \Ikerasos\i\c
<hw>cherry brandy</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IDrink\i a dark red liqueur of brandy in which cherries have been steeped.
<hw>cherry laurel</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IBot\i a small evergreen tree, Prunus laurocerasus, with white flowers and cherry-like fruits.
<hw>cherry-pick</hw> \Iv.tr.\i \I(also \Babsol.)\b\i pick (the best) from a group.\Knew f. incomings Aug 93\k
<hw>cherry picker</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICinemat Building\i \Icolloq.\i a hydraulic crane with a railed platform at the end, for raising and lowering people working on overhead lighting, cables, high windows, etc.
<hw>cherry pie</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ICookery\i a pie made with cherries.\p\B2\b \IBot\i a garden heliotrope.
<hw>cherry plum</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b a tree, Prunus cerasifera, native to SW Asia, with solitary white flowers and red fruits.\p\B2\b the fruit of this tree.
<hw>cherry red</hw> \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\I=\i \J\Xcherry\x\p\In.\i\p4.\j \Iadj.\i \I(hyphenated when \Battrib.)\b\i \I=\i \J\Xcherry\x \Iadj.\i\j\Knew f. corpus Nov 94\k
<hw>cherry tomato</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IFood Bot\i a miniature tomato with a strong flavour.
<hw>cherrywood</hw> \K/"tSErIwUd/\k\p\In.\i\pthe wood of the cherry.\Knew f. corpus Aug 93\k
<hw>chersonese</hw> \K/k\F'\n:s\F'\n"ni:s/, /-z/\k\p\In.\i\pa peninsula, esp. the Thracian peninsula west of the Hellespont. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ichersonesus\i from Greek \Ikhersonesos,\i from \Ikhersos\i 'dry' + \Inesos\i 'island'\c
<hw>chert</hw> \K/tS\F'\n:t/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeol\i a flintlike form of quartz composed of chalcedony. \Bcherty\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \317th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>cherub</hw> \K/"tSEr\F'\nb/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \I(pl.\i \Bcherubim\b \K/-bIm/\k) \IRelig\i an angelic being of the second order of the celestial hierarchy.\p\B2\b \Ba\b a representation of a winged child or the head of a winged child. \Bb\b a beautiful or innocent child. \Bcherubic\b \K/tSI"ru:bIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Bcherubically\b \K/tSI"ru:bIk(\F'\n)li/\k \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Icherubin,\i ultimately from Hebrew \Ikerub,\i pl. \Ikerubεm\i\c
<hw>chervil</hw> \K/"tS\F'\n:vIl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i an umbelliferous plant, Anthriscus cerefolium, with small white flowers, used as a herb for flavouring soup, salads, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Icerfille\i via Latin \Ichaerephylla\i from Greek \Ikhairephullon\i\c
<hw>Ches.</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IGeog\i Cheshire.
<hw>Cheshire</hw> \K/"tSES\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFood\i a kind of firm crumbly cheese, originally made in Cheshire.\p\1like a Cheshire cat\c with a broad fixed grin. \BEtymology:\b \3\ICheshire,\i a county in England\c
<hw>chess</hw> \K/tSEs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGames Chess\i a game for two with 16 men each, played on a chessboard. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iesches,\i pl. of \Ieschec\i \J\Xcheck\x (1)\j\c
<hw>chessboard</hw> \K/"tSEsbO:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGames Chess\i a chequered board of 64 squares on which chess and draughts are played.
<hw>chessman</hw> \K/"tSEsman/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-men)\b \IChess\i any of the 32 pieces and pawns with which chess is played.
<hw>chess set</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IChess\i a set of chessmen with a chessboard.\Knew in COD9 f. corpus, incomings, COD box Aug 93\k
<hw>chest</hw> \K/tSEst/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a large strong box, esp. for storage or transport.\p\B2\b \IAnat.\i \Ba\b the part of a human or animal body enclosed by the ribs. \Bb\b the circumference of the body at chest level.\K2b new in COD9 to match bust Aug 93\k \Bc\b the front surface of the body from neck to waist.\p\B3\b a small cabinet for medicines etc.\p\B4\b \BBrit.\b \ICommerce\i \Ba\b the treasury or financial resources of an institution. \Bb\b the money available from it.\p\1get a thing off one's chest\c \Icolloq.\i disclose a fact, secret, etc., to relieve one's anxiety about it.\p\1play (one's cards, a thing, etc.) close to one's chest\c \Icolloq.\i be cautious or secretive about. \B-chested\b \Iadj.\i \I(in \Bcomb.).\b\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Icest,\i \Icyst\i via Germanic and Latin from Greek \Ikiste\i\c
<hw>chesterfield</hw> \K/"tSEst\F'\nfi:ld/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IFurniture\i a sofa with arms and back of the same height and curved outwards at the top.\p\B2\b \IFashion\i a man's plain overcoat usu. with a velvet collar. \BEtymology:\b \3named after 19th-c. Earl of \IChesterfield\i\c
<hw>chest freezer</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i a freezer shaped like a chest \I(see\i \J\Xchest\x 1),\j opening at the top.\Knew f. SOED, corpus Sep 94\k
<hw>chestnut</hw> \K/"tSEsnVt/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\IBot Zool\i\p\B1\b (also \Bchestnut tree)\b \Ba\b the tree Castanea sativa, bearing flowers in catkins and nuts enclosed in a spiny fruit; \Ialso called\i \ISpanish chestnut\i or \Isweet chestnut.\i \Bb\b any other tree of the genus \ICastanea.\i\p\B2\b the glossy hard brown edible nut of Castanea sativa.\p\B3\b = \J\Xhorse chestnut\x.\j\p\B4\b (in full \Bchestnut wood)\b the heavy wood of any chestnut tree.\p\B5\b a horse of a reddish-brown or yellowish-brown colour.\p\B6\b \Icolloq.\i a stale joke or anecdote.\p\B7\b a small hard patch on a horse's leg.\p\B8\b (in full \Bchestnut brown)\b a reddish-brown colour. \Iadj.\i (in full \Bchestnut brown;\b \Ihyphenated when \Battrib.)\b\i of the colour chestnut.\Kchestnut brown new f. corpus Nov 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3obsolete \Ichesten\i via Old French \Ichastaine\i and Latin \Icastanea\i from Greek \Ikastanea\i\c
<hw>chest of drawers</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IFurniture\i a piece of furniture consisting of a set of drawers in a frame.
<hw>chest voice</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMus\i the lowest register of the voice in singing or speaking.
<hw>chesty</hw> \K/"tSEsti/\k \Iadj.\i \B(chestier,\b \Bchestiest)\b\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i inclined to or symptomatic of chest disease.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i having a large chest or prominent breasts.\p\B3\b \BN. Amer.\b \Islang\i arrogant. \Bchestily\b \Iadv.\i \Bchestiness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>chetnik</hw> \K/"tSEtnIk/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i \Ihist.\i a member of a guerrilla force in the Balkans, esp. during the First and Second World Wars. \BEtymology:\b \3Serbian \Icetnik\i from \Iceta\i 'band, troop'\c
<hw>cheval glass</hw> \K/S\F'\n"val/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFurniture\i a tall mirror swung on an upright frame. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icheval\i 'horse, frame'\c
<hw>chevalier</hw> \K/SEv\F'\n"lI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a member of certain orders of knighthood, and of modern French orders, as the Legion of Honour. \Bb\b \Iarchaic\i or \Ihist.\i a knight.\p\B2\b \B(Chevalier)\b \BBrit.\b \Ihist.\i the title of the Old and Young Pretenders.\p\B3\b a chivalrous man; a cavalier. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Anglo-French \Ichevaler,\i Old French \Ichevalier\i from medieval Latin \Icaballarius,\i from Latin \Icaballus\i 'horse': cf. \J\Xcaballero\x,\j \J\Xcavalier\x\j\c
<hw>chevet</hw> \K/S\F'\n"veI/\k\p\In.\i\p\IArchit Relig\i the apsidal end of a church, sometimes with an attached group of apses. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = pillow, from Latin \Icapitium,\i from \Icaput\i 'head'\c
<hw>Cheviot</hw> \K/"tSEvI\F'\nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool\i \Ba\b a large sheep of a breed with short thick wool. \Bb\b this breed.\p\B2\b \B(cheviot)\b the wool or cloth obtained from this breed. \BEtymology:\b \3\ICheviot\i Hills in N. England and Scotland where the sheep were bred\c
<hw>chΦvre</hw> \K/SE:vr(\F'\n)/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFood\i a variety of goat's-milk cheese. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = goat, she-goat\c
<hw>chevron</hw> \K/"SEvr\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMil\i a badge in a V shape on the sleeve of a uniform indicating rank or length of service.\p\B2\b \IHeraldry\i & \IArchit.\i a bent bar of an inverted V shape.\p\B3\b any V-shaped line or stripe. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French, ultimately from Latin \Icaper\i 'goat': cf. Latin \Icapreoli\i (diminutive of \Icaper)\i used to mean 'pair of rafters'\c
<hw>chevrotain</hw> \K/"SEvr\F'\nteIn/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bchevrotin\b \K/-tIn/\k) \IZool\i any small deerlike animal of the family Tragulidae, native to Africa and SE Asia, and having small tusks. \IAlso called\i \Imouse deer.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French, diminutive of Old French \Ichevrot,\i diminutive of \IchΦvre\i 'goat'\c
<hw>chevy</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xchivvy\x.\j
<hw>chew</hw> \K/tSu:/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.tr.\i \I(also \Babsol.)\b\i work (food etc.) between the teeth; crush or indent with the teeth.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an act of chewing.\p\B2\b \IFood\i something for chewing, esp. a chewy sweet.\p\1chew the cud\c reflect, ruminate.\p\1chew the fat\c (or \Brag)\b \Islang\i\p\B1\b chat.\p\B2\b grumble.\p\Bchew on\b\p\B1\b work continuously between the teeth \3(chewed on a piece of string).\c\p\B2\b think about; meditate on.\p\Bchew out\b \BN. Amer.\b \Icolloq.\i reprimand.\p\Bchew over\b\p\B1\b discuss, talk over.\p\B2\b think about; meditate on. \Bchewable\b \Iadj.\i \Bchewer\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iceowan\i\c
<hw>chewing gum</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IFood\i flavoured gum, esp. chicle, for chewing.
<hw>chewy</hw> \K/"tSu:i/\k \Iadj.\i \B(chewier,\b \Bchewiest)\b\p\B1\b needing much chewing.\p\B2\b suitable for chewing. \Bchewiness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>Cheyenne</hw> \K/SVI"an/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \IAnthropol\i an American Indian tribe formerly living between the Missouri and Arkansas rivers. \Bb\b \IPeople\i a member of this tribe.\p\B2\b \ILanguage\i the language of this tribe. \Iadj.\i of or relating to the Cheyennes or their language. \BEtymology:\b \3Canadian French from Sioux \ISahiyena\i\c
<hw>Cheyne-Stokes</hw> \K/tSeIn"st\F'\nUks/\k \Iadj.\i \IMed.\i designating a breathing cycle involving a gradual decrease of movement to a complete stop, followed by a gradual increase. \BEtymology:\b \3named after J. \ICheyne,\i Scots physician d. 1836, and W. \IStokes,\i Irish physician d. 1878\c
<hw>chez</hw> \K/SeI/\k \Iprep.\i at the house or home of. \BEtymology:\b \3French from Old French \Ichiese\i from Latin \Icasa\i 'cottage'\c
<hw>chi</hw> \K/kVI/\k\p\In.\i\pthe twenty-second letter of the Greek alphabet (X, \Fc\n). \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Greek \Ikhi\i\c
<hw>Chianti</hw> \K/kI"anti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \BChiantis)\b \IDrink\i a dry red Italian wine. \BEtymology:\b \3\IChianti,\i an area in Tuscany, Italy\c
<hw>chiaroscuro</hw> \K/kI%A:r\F'\n"skU\F'\nr\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IArt\i the treatment of light and shade in drawing and painting.\p\B2\b the use of contrast in literature etc.\p\B3\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i half-revealed. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian from \Ichiaro\i '\J\Xclear\x\j' + \Ioscuro\i 'dark, \J\Xobscure\x\j'\c
<hw>chiasma</hw> \K/kVI"azm\F'\n/, /kI-/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bchiasmata\b \K/-t\F'\n/\k) \IBiol.\i the point at which paired chromosomes remain in contact after crossing over during meiosis. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from Greek \Ichiasma\i 'a cross-shaped mark'\c
<hw>chiasmus</hw> \K/kVI"azm\F'\ns/, /kI-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGram\i inversion in the second of two parallel phrases of the order followed in the first (e.g. \Ito stop too fearful and too faint to go).\i \Bchiastic\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from Greek \Ikhiasmos\i 'crosswise arrangement', from \Ikhiazo\i 'mark with letter \J\Xchi\x\j'\c
<hw>chibouk</hw> \K/tSI"bu:k/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bchibouque)\b \IAnthropol\i a long Turkish tobacco pipe. \BEtymology:\b \3Turkish \Iτubuk\i 'tube'\c
<hw>chic</hw> \K/Si:k/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i \B(chic-er,\b \Bchic-est)\b stylish, elegant (in dress or appearance).\p\In.\i\pstylishness, elegance. \Bchicly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French\c
<hw>chicane</hw> \K/SI"keIn/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMotor Racing\i an artificial barrier or obstacle, esp. a sharp double bend, on a motor-racing track.\p\B2\b \IBridge\i a hand without trumps, or without cards of one suit.\p\B3\b chicanery.\p\Iv.\i\p\Iarchaic\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i use chicanery.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Binto,\b \Bout of,\b etc.)\i cheat (a person). \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ichicane(r)\i 'quibble'\c
<hw>chicanery</hw> \K/SI"keIn\F'\nri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b clever but misleading talk; a false argument.\p\B2\b trickery, deception. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ichicanerie\i (as \J\Xchicane\x)\j\c
<hw>Chicano</hw> \K/tSI"kA:n\F'\nU/, /SI-/, /-"keIn-/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os;\b \Ifem.\i \BChicana\b \K/-n\F'\n/\k) \Besp. US\b \IPeople\i an American of Mexican origin. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish \Imejicano\i 'Mexican'\c
<hw>chichi</hw> \K/"Si:Si:/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b (of a thing) frilly, showy.\p\B2\b (of a person or behaviour) fussy, affected.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b over-refinement, pretentiousness, fussiness.\p\B2\b a frilly, showy, or pretentious object. \BEtymology:\b \3French\c
<hw>chick (1)</hw> \K/tSIk/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool\i a young bird, esp. one newly hatched.\p\B2\b \Islang\i \Ba\b a young woman. \Bb\b a child. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English: shortening of \J\Xchicken\x\j\c
<hw>chick (2)</hw> \K/tSIk/\k\p\In.\i\p\BAnglo-Ind.\b \IFurniture\i a screen for a doorway etc., made from split bamboo and twine. \BEtymology:\b \3Hindi \Ichik\i\c
<hw>chickadee</hw> \K/"tSIk\F'\ndi:/\k\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b \IZool\i any of various small birds of the tit family. \BEtymology:\b \3imitative\c
<hw>chicken</hw> \K/"tSIkIn/\k \In., adj., & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool\i a domestic fowl, esp. a young bird.\p\B2\b \Ba\b a domestic fowl prepared as food. \Bb\b its flesh.\p\B3\b a youthful person; a young and inexperienced person \I(usu. with \Bneg.:\b\i \2is no chicken).\c \ICf.\i \J\Xspring chicken\x.\j\p\B4\b \Icolloq.\i a children's pastime testing courage, usu. recklessly. \Iadj.\i \Icolloq.\i cowardly. \Iv.intr.\i \I(foll. by \Bout)\b\i \Icolloq.\i withdraw from or fail in some activity through fear or lack of nerve. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Icicen,\i \Icycen,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>chicken-and-egg</hw> \Iattrib.adj.\i designating an unresolved question as to which of two things caused the other \3(it's a chicken-and-egg problem).\c
<hw>chicken brick</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ICookery\i an earthenware container in two halves for roasting a chicken in its own juices.
<hw>chicken cholera</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IVet\i an infectious disease of fowls.
<hw>chicken feed</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool.\i food for poultry.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i an unimportant amount, esp. of money.
<hw>chicken-hearted</hw> \Iadj.\i (also \Bchicken-livered)\b easily frightened; lacking nerve or courage.
<hw>chickenpox</hw> \K/"tSIkInpQks/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i an infectious disease, esp. of children, with a rash of small blisters. \IAlso called\i \Ivaricella.\i
<hw>chicken wire</hw>\p\In.\i\pa light wire netting with a hexagonal mesh.
<hw>chickpea</hw> \K/"tSIkpi:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b a leguminous plant, Cicer arietinum, with short swollen pods containing yellow beaked seeds.\p\B2\b this seed used as a vegetable. \BEtymology:\b \3originally \Iciche pease\i from Latin \Icicer\i 'chickpea': see \J\Xpease\x\j\c
<hw>chickweed</hw> \K/"tSIkwi:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i any of numerous small plants of the pink family, esp. Stellaria media, a garden weed with slender stems and tiny white flowers.
<hw>chicle</hw> \K/"tSIk(\F'\n)l/, /-kli/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i the milky juice of the sapodilla tree, used in the manufacture of chewing gum. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin American Spanish from Nahuatl \Itzietli\i\c
<hw>chicory</hw> \K/"tSIk(\F'\n)ri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IBot\i\p\B1\b a blue-flowered plant, Cichorium intybus (daisy family), cultivated for its salad leaves and its root.\p\B2\b its root, roasted and ground for use with or instead of coffee.\p\B3\b \BN. Amer.\b = \J\Xendive\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via obsolete French \IcicorΘe\i 'endive', medieval Latin \Icic(h)orea,\i and Latin \Icichorium\i from Greek \Ikikhorion\i\c
<hw>chide</hw> \K/tSVId/\k \Iv.tr. & intr.\i \I(past\i \Bchided\b or \Bchid\b \K/tSId/\k; \Ipast part.\i \Bchided\b or \Bchidden\b \K/"tSId(\F'\n)n/\k) \Iesp. archaic\i or \Iliterary\i scold, rebuke. \Bchider\b\p\In.\i\p\Bchidingly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Icidan,\i of unknown origin\c
<hw>chief</hw> \K/tSi:f/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a leader or ruler. \Bb\b \IAnthropol\i the head of a tribe, clan, etc.\p\B2\b the head of a department; the highest official.\p\B3\b \IHeraldry\i the upper third of a shield. \Iadj.\i \I(usu. \Battrib.)\b\i\p\B1\b first in position, importance, influence, etc. \3(chief engineer).\c\p\B2\b prominent, leading. \Bchiefdom\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ich(i)ef,\i ultimately from Latin \Icaput\i 'head'\c
<hw>Chief Constable</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ICriminol\i the head of the police force of a county or other region.
<hw>chiefly</hw> \K/"tSi:fli/\k \Iadv.\i above all; mainly but not exclusively.
<hw>Chief of Staff</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMil. etc.\i the senior staff officer of a service or command.
<hw>Chief Rabbi</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IJudaism\i the religious head of the Jewish communities in Britain.
<hw>chieftain</hw> \K/"tSi:ft(\F'\n)n/, /-tIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(fem.\i \Bchieftainess\b \K/-nIs/\k) \IAnthropol\i the leader of a tribe, clan, etc. \Bchieftaincy\b \K/-si/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies).\b \Bchieftainship\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ichevetaine\i from Late Latin \Icapitaneus\i \J\Xcaptain\x:\j assimilated to \J\Xchief\x\j\c
<hw>chief technician</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMil Aeron\i a non-commissioned officer in the RAF ranking above sergeant.\Knew f. corpus Sep 94\k
<hw>chiffchaff</hw> \K/"tSIftSaf/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a small European warbler, Phylloscopus collybita, with a distinctive repetitive song. \BEtymology:\b \3imitative\c
<hw>chiffon</hw> \K/"SIfQn/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\ITextiles\i a light diaphanous fabric of silk, nylon, etc. \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \ITextiles\i made of chiffon.\p\B2\b \ICookery\i (of a pie filling, dessert, etc.) light-textured. \BEtymology:\b \3French from \Ichiffe\i 'rag'\c
<hw>chiffonier</hw> \K/SIf\F'\n"nI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFurniture\i\p\B1\b a movable low cupboard with a sideboard top.\p\B2\b \BUS\b a tall chest of drawers.\Ksense 2 new in COD9 f. Ox.Ref.Dict., Incomings Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ichiffonnier,\i \I-iΦre\i 'ragpicker, chest of drawers for odds and ends'\c
<hw>chigger</hw> \K/"tSIg\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bjigger\b \K/"dZIg\F'\n/\k\IZool\i\p\B1\b a tropical flea, Tunga penetrans, the females of which burrow beneath the skin causing painful sores. \IAlso called\i \Ichigoe,\i \Isand flea.\i\p\B2\b \BUS\b a harvest mite. \BEtymology:\b \3variant of \J\Xchigoe\x\j\c
<hw>chignon</hw> \K/"Si:njQ~/\k\p\In.\i\p\IHairdressing\i a coil or mass of hair at the back of a woman's head. \BEtymology:\b \3French, originally = nape of the neck\c
<hw>chigoe</hw> \K/"tSIg\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i = \J\Xchigger\x 1.\j \BEtymology:\b \3from a W. African language\c
<hw>chihuahua</hw> \K/tSI"wA:w\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i\p\B1\b a very small dog of a smooth-haired large-eyed breed originating in Mexico.\p\B2\b this breed. \BEtymology:\b \3\IChihuahua,\i state and city in Mexico\c
<hw>chilblain</hw> \K/"tSIlbleIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a painful itching swelling of the skin usu. on a hand, foot, etc., caused by exposure to cold and by poor circulation. \Bchilblained\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xchill\x\j + \J\Xblain\x\j\c
<hw>child</hw> \K/tSVIld/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bchildren\b \K/"tSIldr(\F'\n)n/\k)\p\B1\b \Ba\b a young human being below the age of puberty. \Bb\b an unborn or newborn human being.\p\B2\b \IGenealogy\i one's son or daughter (at any age).\p\B3\b \I(foll. by \Bof)\b\i a descendant, follower, adherent, or product of \3(children of Israel;\c \2child of God;\c \2child of nature).\c\p\B4\b a childish person. \Bchildless\b \Iadj.\i \Bchildlessness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Icild\i\c
<hw>child abuse</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ISociol\i maltreatment of a child, esp. by physical violence or sexual molestation.
<hw>child allowance</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IEcon\i\p\B1\b = \J\Xchild benefit\x.\j\p\B2\b \Ihist.\i (in the UK) a tax allowance granted to parents of dependent children.\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED, NEWS, corpus Feb 94\k
<hw>childbearing</hw> \K/"tSVIl(d)bE:rIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(often \Battrib.)\b\i giving birth to a child or children.\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED, corpus, incomings Aug 93\k
<hw>child benefit</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ISociol\i (in the UK) regular payment by the state to the parents of a child up to a certain age.
<hw>childbirth</hw> \K/"tSVIl(d)b\F'\n:T/\k\p\In.\i\pthe act of giving birth to a child.
<hw>childcare</hw> \K/"tSVIl(d)kE:/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISociol\i the care of a child or children, esp. by a crΦche or childminder while parents are working, or \BBrit.\b by a local authority when a normal home life is lacking.
<hw>child-centred</hw> \Iadj.\i \IEducation Psychol\i focusing on the interests, needs, etc. of the child.\Knew f. corpus, incomings Mar 94\k
<hw>Childe</hw> \K/tSVIld/\k\p\In.\i\p\Iarchaic\i a youth of noble birth \3(Childe Harold).\c \BEtymology:\b \3variant of \J\Xchild\x\j\c
<hw>Childermas</hw> \K/"tSIld\F'\nmas/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i \Iarchaic\i the feast of the Holy Innocents, 28 Dec. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Icildramµsse,\i from \Icildra,\i genitive pl. of \Icild\i \J\Xchild\x\j + \Imµsse\i \J\XMass\x\j\c
<hw>childhood</hw> \K/"tSVIldhUd/\k\p\In.\i\pthe state or period of being a child. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Icildhad\i\c
<hw>childish</hw> \K/"tSVIldIS/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of, like, or proper to a child.\p\B2\b immature, silly. \Bchildishly\b \Iadv.\i \Bchildishness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>childlike</hw> \K/"tSVIl(d)lVIk/\k \Iadj.\i having the good qualities of a child such as innocence, frankness, etc.
<hw>childminder</hw> \K/"tSVIl(d)mVInd\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ISociol\i a person who looks after children for payment, strictly speaking a person registered with the local authority to give paid daytime care in his or her own home for children under eight.
<hw>child molester</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICriminol\i a person who sexually abuses a child.\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED, incomings Aug 93\k
<hw>childproof</hw> \K/"tSVIl(d)pru:f/\k \Iadj.\i that cannot be damaged or operated by a child.
<hw>children</hw> \I\Ipl.\i of\i \J\Xchild\x.\j
<hw>child's play</hw>\p\In.\i\pan easy task.
<hw>chile</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xchilli\x.\j
<hw>Chilean</hw> \K/"tSIlI\F'\nn/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\IPeople\i\p\B1\b a native or national of Chile in S. America.\p\B2\b a person of Chilean descent. \Iadj.\i of or relating to Chile.
<hw>Chile pine</hw> \K/"tSIli/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a monkey-puzzle tree.
<hw>chiliad</hw> \K/"kIlIad/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a thousand.\p\B2\b \IHorol\i a thousand years. \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Ichilias chiliad-\i from Greek \Ikhilias -ados\i\c
<hw>chiliast</hw> \K/"kIlIast/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i = \J\Xmillenarian\x\p\In.\i\p\j \Bchiliasm\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Ichiliastes\i from Greek \Ikhiliasmos:\i see \J\Xchiliad\x\j\c
<hw>chiliastic</hw> \K/kIlI"astIk/\k \Iadj.\i \IRelig\i relating to or believing in a future period of happiness, prosperity, and ideal or divine government (cf. \J\Xmillenarian\x).\j
<hw>chill</hw> \K/tSIl/\k \In., v., & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b an unpleasant cold sensation; lowered body temperature. \Bb\b a feverish cold \3(catch a chill).\c\p\B2\b unpleasant coldness (of air, water, etc.).\p\B3\b \Ba\b a depressing influence \3(cast a chill over).\c \Bb\b a feeling of fear or dread accompanied by coldness.\p\B4\b coldness of manner.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr. & intr.\i make or become cold.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b depress, dispirit. \Bb\b horrify, frighten.\K2b new in COD9 f. POD Aug 93\k\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \ICookery\i cool (food or drink); preserve by cooling.\p\B4\b \Itr.\i \IMetallurgy\i harden (molten metal) by contact with cold material.\p\B5\b \Iintr.\i \Besp. N. Amer.\b \Icolloq.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bwith)\b\i pass time idly, hang around.\Ksense 5 new f. Incomings Feb 94\k \Iadj.\i \Iliterary\i chilly.\p\Bchill out\b \Besp. N. Amer.\b \Icolloq.\i\p\B1\b relax; become less tense.\Kchill out new in COD9 f. Incomings, corpus Feb 94\k\p\B2\b = sense 5 of\p\Iv.\i\p\Ksense 2 new f. Kpb, Inc., Sept 94\k\p\1take the chill off\c warm slightly. \Bchillingly\b \Iadv.\i \Bchillness\b\p\In.\i\p\Bchillsome\b \Iadj.\i \Iliterary.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Icele,\i \Iciele\i 'cold, coldness': in modern senses the verb is the oldest (Middle English)\c
<hw>chiller</hw> \K/"tSIl\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ICinematog\i = \J\Xspine-chiller\x.\j\p\B2\b a cold cabinet or refrigerator, esp. in a shop, garage, etc.\Knew as hwd Aug 93\k
<hw>chill factor</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMeteorol.\i the perceived lowering of the air temperature caused by the wind etc.\Knew in COD9 f. News Aug 93\k
<hw>chilli</hw> \K/"tSIli/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bchile,\b \BUS\b \Bchili)\b \I(pl.\i \Bchillies,\b \Bchiles,\b or \BUS\b \Bchilies)\b \IBot\i\p\B1\b (in full \Bchilli pepper)\b a small hot-tasting (dried) pod, usu. red or green, of a capsicum, Capsicum anuum, used in sauces, relishes, etc.\p\B2\b = \J\Xchilli powder\x.\j\Ksense 2 new f. OERD May 94\k\p\B3\b \Besp. N. Amer.\b = \J\Xchilli con carne\x.\j\Ksense 3 new f. OERD May 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish \Ichile,\i \Ichili,\i from Nahuatl \Ichilli\i\c
<hw>chilli con carne</hw> \K/kQn "kA:ni/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFood Cookery\i a stew of chilli-flavoured minced beef and beans. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish, literally 'chilli with meat'\c
<hw>chilli powder</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i hot cayenne.\Knew f. OERD May 94\k
<hw>chilli sauce</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i a hot sauce made with tomatoes, chillies, and spices.
<hw>chilly</hw> \K/"tSIli/\k \Iadj.\i \B(chillier,\b \Bchilliest)\b\p\B1\b (of the weather or an object) somewhat cold.\p\B2\b (of a person or animal) feeling somewhat cold; sensitive to the cold.\p\B3\b unfriendly; unemotional. \Bchilliness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>Chiltern Hundreds</hw> \K/%tSIlt(\F'\n)n "hVndr\F'\ndz/\k \In.pl.\i \IPolit Parl\i (in the UK) a Crown manor, whose administration is a nominal office for which an MP applies as a way of resigning from the House of Commons. \BEtymology:\b \3\IChiltern\i Hills in S. England\c
<hw>chime (1)</hw> \K/tSVIm/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a set of attuned bells. \Bb\b the series of sounds given by this. \Bc\b \I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i a set of attuned bells as a doorbell.\p\B2\b agreement, correspondence, harmony.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \Iintr.\i (of bells) ring. \Bb\b \Itr.\i sound (a bell or chime) by striking.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i show (the hour) by chiming.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Btogether,\b \Bwith)\b\i be in agreement, harmonize.\p\1chime in\c\p\B1\b interject a remark.\p\B2\b join in harmoniously.\p\B3\b \I(foll. by \Bwith)\b\i agree with. \Bchimer\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, probably from \Ichym(b)e\i 'bell', via Old English \Icimbal\i and Latin \Icymbalum\i from Greek \Ikumbalon\i \J\Xcymbal\x\j\c
<hw>chime (2)</hw> \K/tSVIm/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bchimb)\b the projecting rim at the end of a cask. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, probably from an Old English form: cf. Middle Dutch, Middle Low German \Ikimme\i\c
<hw>chimera</hw> \K/kVI"mI\F'\nr\F'\n/, /kI-/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bchimaera)\b\p\B1\b \IMythol\i (in Greek mythology) a fire-breathing female monster with a lion's head, a goat's body, and a serpent's tail.\p\B2\b a fantastic or grotesque product of the imagination; a bogey.\p\B3\b any fabulous beast with parts taken from various animals.\p\B4\b \IBiol.\i \Ba\b an organism containing genetically different tissues, formed by fusion of early embryos, grafting, mutation, etc. \Bb\b a nucleic acid formed by laboratory manipulation.\p\B5\b \IZool\i any cartilaginous fish of the family Chimaeridae, usu. having erect pointed fins and a long tail. \Bchimeric\b \K/-"mErIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Bchimerical\b \K/-"mErIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Bchimerically\b \K/-"mErIk(\F'\n)li/\k \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, from Greek \Ikhimaira\i 'she-goat, chimera'\c
<hw>chimichanga</hw> \K/tSImI"tSA:Ng\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pa tortilla rolled round a savoury filling and deep-fried.\Knew f. incomings, corpus Sept 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Mexican Spanish, = 'trinket'\c
<hw>chimney</hw> \K/"tSImni/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-eys)\b \IArchit Building\i\p\B1\b a vertical channel conducting smoke or combustion gases etc. up and away from a fire, furnace, engine, etc.\p\B2\b the part of this which projects above a roof.\p\B3\b a glass tube protecting the flame of a lamp.\p\B4\b \IMountaineering\i a narrow vertical crack in a rock face, often used by mountaineers to ascend. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \IcheminΘe\i and Late Latin \Icaminata\i 'having a fireplace', via Latin \Icaminus\i from Greek \Ikaminos\i 'oven'\c
<hw>chimney breast</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBuilding\i a projecting interior wall surrounding a chimney.
<hw>chimney piece</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IBuilding\i an ornamental structure around an open fireplace; a mantelpiece.
<hw>chimney pot</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBuilding\i an earthenware or metal pipe at the top of a chimney, narrowing the aperture and increasing the updraught.
<hw>chimney stack</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBuilding\i\p\B1\b a number of chimneys grouped in one structure.\p\B2\b \I=\i \J\Xchimney\x 2.\j
<hw>chimney sweep</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i a person whose job is removing soot from inside chimneys.
<hw>chimpanzee</hw> \K/tSImpan"zi:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i either of two anthropoid apes of central and W. Africa, Pan troglodytes and (in full \Bpygmy chimpanzee)\b Pan paniscus. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IchimpanzΘ\i from Kongo\c
<hw>chin</hw> \K/tSIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnat\i the front of the lower jaw.\p\1chin up\c \Icolloq.\i cheer up.\p\1keep one's chin up\c \Icolloq.\i remain cheerful, esp. in adversity.\p\1take on the chin\c\p\B1\b suffer a severe blow from (a misfortune etc.).\p\B2\b endure courageously. \B-chinned\b \Iadj.\i \I(in \Bcomb.).\b\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Icin(n),\i from Germanic\c
<hw>china</hw> \K/"tSVIn\F'\n/\k \In. & adj.\i \IPottery\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a kind of fine white or translucent ceramic ware, porcelain, etc.\p\B2\b things made from ceramic, esp. household tableware.\p\B3\b \BBrit.\b \Irhyming slang\i one's 'mate', i.e. husband or wife (short for \Ichina plate).\i \Iadj.\i made of china. \BEtymology:\b \3originally \IChina ware\i (from China in Asia): the name is from Persian \Ichini\i\c
<hw>China aster</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot.\i a Chinese plant, Callistephus chinensis, related to the asters, cultivated for its bright and showy flowers.
<hw>china clay</hw>\p\In.\i\pkaolin.
<hw>chinagraph</hw> \K/"tSVIn\F'\ngrA:f/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPottery\i a waxy coloured pencil used to write on china, glass, etc.
<hw>Chinaman</hw> \K/"SVIn\F'\nm\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-men)\b\p\B1\b \IPeople\i \Iarchaic\i or \Iderog.\i (now usu. \Ioffens.)\i a native of China.\p\B2\b \ICricket\i a ball bowled by a left-handed bowler that spins from off to leg.
<hw>China syndrome</hw>\p\In.\i\pan imaginary sequence of events following the meltdown of a nuclear reactor, in which the core melts through its containment structure and deep into the earth.\Knew in COD9 f. News, Incomings, corpus Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3\IChina,\i as being on the opposite side of the earth from a reactor in the US\c
<hw>China tea</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IDrink\i smoke-cured tea from a small-leaved tea plant grown in China.
<hw>Chinatown</hw> \K/"tSVIn\F'\ntaUn/\k\p\In.\i\pa district of any non-Chinese town, esp. a city or seaport, in which the population is predominantly Chinese.
<hw>chinch</hw> \K/tSIn(t)S/\k\p\In.\i\p(in full \Bchinch bug)\b \IZool\i\p\B1\b a N. American plant bug, Blissus leucopterus, that destroys the shoots of grasses and grains.\p\B2\b \BN. Amer.\b a bedbug. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish \Ichinche\i from Latin \Icimex -icis\i\c
<hw>chincherinchee</hw> \K/tSIntS\F'\nrIn"tSi:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a white-flowered bulbous plant, Ornithogalum thyrsoides (lily family), native to S. Africa. \BEtymology:\b \3imitative of the squeaky sound made by the rubbing of its stalks\c
<hw>chinchilla</hw> \K/tSIn"tSIl\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b any small rodent of the genus \IChinchilla,\i native to S. America, having soft silver-grey fur and a bushy tail. \Bb\b its highly valued fur.\p\B2\b a breed of cat or rabbit. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish, probably from S. American native name\c
<hw>chin-chin</hw> \K/tSIn"tSIn/\k \Iint.\i \BBrit.\b \IDrink\i \Icolloq.\i a toast; a greeting or farewell. \BEtymology:\b \3Chinese \Iqingqing\i (pr. ch-)\c
<hw>Chindit</hw> \K/"tSIndIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i \Ihist.\i a member of the Allied forces behind the Japanese lines in Burma (now Myanmar) in 1943-5. \BEtymology:\b \3Burmese \IchinthΘ,\i a mythical creature\c
<hw>chine (1)</hw> \K/tSVIn/\k \In. & v.\i \IAnat Cookery\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a backbone, esp. of an animal. \Bb\b a joint of meat containing all or part of this.\p\B2\b a ridge or arΩte. \Iv.tr.\i cut (meat) across or along the backbone. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ieschine\i from Latin \Ispina\i \J\Xspine\x\j\c
<hw>chine (2)</hw> \K/tSVIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeog\i a deep narrow ravine in the Isle of Wight or Dorset. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Icinu\i 'cleft, chink', from Germanic\c
<hw>chine (3)</hw> \K/tSVIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\INaut\i the join between the side and the bottom of a ship etc. \BEtymology:\b \3variant of \J\Xchime\x (2)\j\c
<hw>Chinese</hw> \K/tSVI"ni:z/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of or relating to China.\p\B2\b of Chinese descent.\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i same)\p\B1\b \ILanguage\i the Chinese language.\p\B2\b \IPeople\i \Ba\b a native or national of China. \Bb\b a person of Chinese descent.
<hw>Chinese burn</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Icolloq.\i an act of placing two hands on a person's arm and then twisting it with a wringing motion to produce a burning sensation.\Knew f. COD box, incomings Sep 94\k
<hw>Chinese chequers</hw> \In.pl.\i \B(US\b \BChinese checkers)\b \I(usu. treated as \Bsing.)\b\i \IGames\i a board game for two to six players who attempt to move marbles etc. from one corner to the opposite one on a star-shaped board.\Knew in COD9 f. OED, incomings Aug 93\k
<hw>Chinese lantern</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a collapsible paper lantern.\p\B2\b \IBot\i a plant of the nightshade family, Physalis alkekengi, bearing white flowers and globular orange fruits enclosed in an orange-red papery calyx.
<hw>Chinese leaf</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot Food\i a lettuce-like cabbage, Brassica chinensis.
<hw>Chinese puzzle</hw>\p\In.\i\pa very intricate puzzle or problem.
<hw>Chinese water chestnut</hw> \Isee\i \J\Xwater chestnut\x 2.\j
<hw>Chinese white</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i zinc oxide as a white pigment.\Kcolour aaw\k
<hw>Chink</hw> \K/tSINk/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPeople\i \Islang\i \Ioffens.\i a Chinese. \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation\c
<hw>chink (1)</hw> \K/tSINk/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an unintended crack that admits light or allows an attack.\p\B2\b a narrow opening; a slit. \BEtymology:\b \316th c.: related to \J\Xchine\x (2)\j\c
<hw>chink (2)</hw> \K/tSINk/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i make a slight ringing sound, as of glasses or coins striking together.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i cause to make this sound.\p\In.\i\pthis sound. \BEtymology:\b \3imitative\c
<hw>Chinky</hw> \K/"tSInki/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \Islang\i\p\B1\b \Ioffens.\i a Chinese.\p\B2\b a Chinese restaurant.\Knew f. SOED Aug 93\k
<hw>chinless</hw> \K/"tSInlIs/\k \Iadj.\i \Icolloq.\i weak or feeble in character.
<hw>chinless wonder</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i an ineffectual esp. upper-class person.
<hw>chino</hw> \K/"tSi:n\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b\p\B1\b \ITextiles\i a cotton twill fabric, usu. khaki-coloured.\p\B2\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \IClothing\i a garment, esp. trousers, made from this. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin American Spanish, = toasted\c
<hw>chinoiserie</hw> \K/SIn"wA:z\F'\nri/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IArt Furniture\i the imitation or evocation of Chinese motifs and techniques in Western art and architecture, esp. in the 18th c.\p\B2\b an object or objects in this style. \BEtymology:\b \3French\c
<hw>chinook</hw> \K/tSI"nUk/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMeteorol\i \Ba\b a warm dry wind which blows east of the Rocky Mountains. \Bb\b a warm wet southerly wind which blows west of the Rocky Mountains.\p\B2\b \B(Chinook)\b \IPeople Language\i \Ba\b \I(pl.\i same or \BChinooks)\b a member of a N. American Indian people. \Bb\b their language.\Ksense 2 new f. NSOED Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Salishan \Itsin·k,\i the name of the people\c
<hw>Chinook jargon</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ILanguage\i a pidgin composed of elements from Chinook, Nootka, English, French, and other languages, used formerly in the Pacific north-west of N. America.\Knew in COD9 f. corpus, News, NSOED Mar 94\k
<hw>chinook salmon</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a large salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, of the N. Pacific.
<hw>chinstrap</hw> \K/"tSInstrap/\k\p\In.\i\p\IClothing\i a strap for fastening a hat etc. under the chin.
<hw>chintz</hw> \K/tSIn(t)s/\k \In. & adj.\i \ITextiles\i\p\In.\i\pa printed multicoloured cotton fabric with a glazed finish. \Iadj.\i made from or upholstered with this fabric. \BEtymology:\b \3earlier \Ichints\i (pl.) from Hindi \Ichint\i 'spattering, stain', from Sanskrit \Icitra\i 'variegated'\c
<hw>chintzy</hw> \K/"tSIn(t)si/\k \Iadj.\i \B(chintzier,\b \Bchintziest)\b\p\B1\b like chintz.\p\B2\b gaudy, cheap.\p\B3\b characteristic of the decor associated with chintz soft furnishings. \Bchintzily\b \Iadv.\i \Bchintziness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>chin-up</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Besp. N. Amer.\b \ISport\i = \J\Xpull-up\x 1.\j\Knew f. incomings, F. Abate Oct 94\k
<hw>chinwag</hw> \K/"tSInwag/\k \In. & v.\i \BBrit.\b \Islang\i\p\In.\i\pa talk or chat. \Iv.intr.\i \B(-wagged,\b \B-wagging)\b have a gossip.
<hw>chionodoxa</hw> \K/kVI\F'\nn\F'\n"dQks\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a plant of the genus \IChionodoxa\i (lily family), with early-blooming blue flowers. \IAlso called\i \Iglory-of-the-snow.\i \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin, from Greek \Ikhion\i 'snow' + \Idoxa\i 'glory'\c
<hw>chip</hw> \K/tSIp/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a small piece removed by or in the course of chopping, cutting, or breaking, esp. from hard material such as wood or stone.\p\B2\b the place where such a chip has been made.\p\B3\b \ICookery\i \Ba\b \I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i \Besp. Brit.\b a strip of potato, deep-fried. \Bb\b (in full \Bpotato chip)\b \I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i \BN. Amer.\b a potato crisp.\p\B4\b \IGames\i a counter used in some gambling games to represent money.\p\B5\b \IElectronics\i = \J\Xmicrochip\x.\j\p\B6\b \BBrit.\b \Ba\b a thin strip of wood, straw, etc., used for weaving hats, baskets, etc. \Bb\b a basket made from these.\p\B7\b \IFootball etc.\i & \IGolf\i \ISport\i a short shot, kick, or pass with the ball describing an arc.\p\Iv.\i\p\B(chipped,\b \Bchipping)\b\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \I(often foll. by \Boff,\b \Baway)\b\i cut or break (a piece) from a hard material.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bat,\b \Baway at)\b\i cut pieces off (a hard material) to alter its shape, break it up, etc.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i (of stone, china, etc.) be susceptible to being chipped; be apt to break at the edge \3(will chip easily).\c\p\B4\b \Itr.\i \I(also \Babsol.)\b\i \IFootball etc.\i & \IGolf\i \ISport\i strike or kick (the ball) with a chip \I(cf.\i sense 7 of \In.).\i\p\B5\b \Itr.\i (usu. as \Bchipped\b \Iadj.)\i \BBrit.\b \IFood\i cut (potatoes) into chips.\p\Bchip in\b \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i\p\B1\b interrupt or contribute abruptly to a conversation \3(chipped in with a reminiscence).\c\p\B2\b contribute (money or resources).\p\1a chip off the old block\c a child who resembles a parent, esp. in character.\p\1a chip on one's shoulder\c \Icolloq.\i a disposition or inclination to feel resentful or aggrieved.\p\1have had one's chips\c \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i be unable to avoid defeat, punishment, etc.\p\1when the chips are down\c \Icolloq.\i when it comes to the point. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old English \Icipp,\i \Icyp\i 'beam': the verb related to Old English \Iforcippian\i 'cut off'\c
<hw>chipboard</hw> \K/"tSIpbO:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBuilding\i a rigid sheet or panel made from compressed wood chips and resin.
<hw>chip heater</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BAustral.\b & \BNZ\b a domestic water heater that burns wood chips.
<hw>chipmunk</hw> \K/"tSIpmVNk/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a N. American ground squirrel of the genus \ITamias,\i having alternate light and dark stripes running down the body. \BEtymology:\b \3Algonquian\c
<hw>chipolata</hw> \K/tSIp\F'\n"lA:t\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IFood\i a small thin sausage. \BEtymology:\b \3French, from Italian \Icipollata\i 'a dish of onions' from \Icipolla\i 'onion'\c
<hw>Chippendale</hw> \K/"tSIp(\F'\n)ndeIl/\k \Iadj.\i \IFurniture\i\p\B1\b (of furniture) designed or made by the English cabinetmaker Thomas Chippendale (d. 1779).\p\B2\b in the ornately elegant style of Chippendale's furniture.
<hw>chipper</hw> \K/"tSIp\F'\n/\k \Iadj.\i \Besp. N. Amer.\b \Icolloq.\i\p\B1\b cheerful.\p\B2\b smartly dressed. \BEtymology:\b \3perhaps from northern English dialect \Ikipper\i 'lively'\c
<hw>chippie</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xchippy\x.\j
<hw>chipping</hw> \K/"tSIpIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b\p\B1\b a small fragment of stone, wood, etc.\p\B2\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \IBuilding\i these used as a surface for roads, roofs, etc.
<hw>chippy</hw> \K/"tSIpi/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p(also \Bchippie)\b \I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i\p\B1\b a fish-and-chip shop.\p\B2\b \ICarpentry\i a carpenter. \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \Icolloq.\i or \Idial.\i irritable.\p\B2\b \BN. Amer.\b \IIce Hockey\i prone to fighting; belligerent.\Kadj. new f. corpus, F. Abate, incomings Oct 94\k
<hw>Chips</hw> \K/tSIps/\k\p\In.\i\p\INaut.\i \Islang\i a ship's carpenter.
<hw>chiral</hw> \K/"kVI\F'\nr(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \IChem.\i (of an optically active compound) asymmetric and not superposable on its mirror image. \Bchirality\b \K/-"ralIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ikheir\i 'hand'\c
<hw>chi-rho</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i a monogram of chi (X) and rho (P) as the first two letters of Greek \IKhristos\i Christ.
<hw>chiro-</hw> \K/"kVIr\F'\nU/\k \Icomb. form\i (also \Bcheiro-)\b of the hand. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ikheir\i 'hand'\c
<hw>chiropody</hw> \K/kI"rQp\F'\ndi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i the treatment of the feet (originally also the hands) and their ailments. \Bchiropodist\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xchiro-\x\j + Greek \Ipous podos\i 'foot'\c
<hw>chiropractic</hw> \K/kVIr\F'\n"praktIk/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i the diagnosis and manipulative treatment of mechanical disorders of the joints, esp. of the spinal column. \Bchiropractor\b \K/"kVIr\F'\n(U)-/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xchiro-\x\j + Greek \Ipraktikos:\i see \J\Xpractical\x\j\c
<hw>chiropteran</hw> \K/kVI"rQpt(\F'\n)r\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i any mammal of the order Chiroptera, which comprises the bats. \Bchiropterous\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xchiro-\x\j + Greek \Ipteron\i 'wing'\c
<hw>chirp</hw> \K/tS\F'\n:p/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \IZool\i (usu. of small birds, grasshoppers, etc.) utter a short sharp high-pitched note.\p\B2\b \Itr. & intr.\i (esp. of a child) speak or utter in a lively or jolly way.\p\In.\i\pa chirping sound. \Bchirper\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, earlier \Ichirk,\i \Ichirt:\i imitative\c
<hw>chirr</hw> \K/tS\F'\n:/\k \Iv. & n.\i (also \Bchurr)\b \IZool\i \Iv.intr.\i (esp. of insects) make a prolonged low trilling sound.\p\In.\i\pthis sound. \BEtymology:\b \3imitative\c
<hw>chirrup</hw> \K/"tSIr\F'\np/\k \Iv. & n.\i \IZool\i \Iv.intr.\i \B(chirruped,\b \Bchirruping)\b (esp. of small birds) chirp, esp. repeatedly; twitter.\p\In.\i\pa chirruping sound. \Bchirrupy\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3trilled form of \J\Xchirp\x\j\c
<hw>chisel</hw> \K/"tSIz(\F'\n)l/\k \In. & v.\i \ICarpentry Building\i\p\In.\i\p\ITools\i a hand tool with a squared bevelled blade for shaping wood, stone, or metal.\p\Iv.\i\p\B(chiselled,\b \Bchiselling;\b \BUS\b \Bchiseled,\b \Bchiseling)\b\p\B1\b \Itr.\i cut or shape with a chisel.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i (as \Bchiselled\b \Iadj.)\i (of facial features) clear-cut, fine.\p\B3\b \Itr. & intr.\i \Islang\i cheat, swindle. \Bchiseller\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old Northern French, ultimately from Late Latin \Icisorium\i from Latin \Icaedere caes-\i 'cut'\c
<hw>chi-square test</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IStatistics\i a method of comparing observed and theoretical values in statistics.
<hw>chit (1)</hw> \K/tSIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Iderog.\i or \Ijoc.\i a young, small, or frail girl or woman \3(esp. a chit of a girl).\c\p\B2\b a young child. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, = whelp, cub, kitten, perhaps = dialect \Ichit\i 'sprout'\c
<hw>chit (2)</hw> \K/tSIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ICommerce\i a note of requisition; a note of a sum owed, esp. for food or drink.\p\B2\b \Besp. Brit.\b a note or memorandum. \BEtymology:\b \3earlier \Ichitty:\i Anglo-Indian from Hindi \Icitthi\i 'pass', from Sanskrit \Icitra\i 'mark'\c
<hw>chitin</hw> \K/"kVItIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i a polysaccharide forming the major constituent in the exoskeleton of arthropods and in the cell walls of fungi. \Bchitinous\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ichitine,\i formed irregularly from Greek \Ikhiton:\i see \J\Xchiton\x\j\c
<hw>chiton</hw> \K/"kVItQn/, /-t(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IGk Antiq.\i a long woollen tunic worn by ancient Greeks.\p\B2\b \IZool\i any marine mollusc of the class Amphineura, having a shell of overlapping plates. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ikhiton\i 'tunic'\c
<hw>chitterling</hw> \K/"tSIt\F'\nlIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i \IFood Cookery\i the smaller intestines of pigs etc., esp. as cooked for food. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English: origin uncertain\c
<hw>chitty</hw> \K/"tSIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b = \J\Xchit\x (2).\j\Knew f. SOED Aug 93\k
<hw>chivalrous</hw> \K/"SIv(\F'\n)lr\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b (usu. of a male) gallant, honourable, courteous.\p\B2\b involving or showing chivalry. \Bchivalrously\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ichevalerous:\i see \J\Xchevalier\x\j\c
<hw>chivalry</hw> \K/"SIv(\F'\n)lri/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the medieval knightly system with its religious, moral, and social code.\p\B2\b the combination of qualities expected of an ideal knight, esp. courage, honour, courtesy, justice, and readiness to help the weak.\p\B3\b a man's courteous behaviour, esp. towards women.\p\B4\b \Iarchaic\i knights, noblemen, and horsemen collectively. \Bchivalric\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ichevalerie\i etc. from medieval Latin \Icaballerius,\i for Late Latin \Icaballarius\i 'horseman': see \J\Xcavalier\x\j\c
<hw>chive</hw> \K/tSVIv/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a small allium, Allium schoenoprasum, having purple-pink flowers and dense tufts of long tubular leaves which are used as a herb. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icive\i from Latin \Icepa\i 'onion'\c
<hw>chivvy</hw> \K/"tSIvi/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \Bchivy,\b \Bchevy\b \K/"tSEvi/\k) \B(-ies,\b \B-ied)\b hurry (a person) up; harass, nag; pursue. \BEtymology:\b \3\Ichevy\i \I(n.\i & \Iv.),\i probably from a skirmish described in the ballad of \IChevy Chase,\i a place on the Scottish border\c
<hw>chlamydia</hw> \K/kl\F'\n"mIdI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bchlamydiae\b \K/-dIi:/\k) \IBiol\i any small parasitic bacterium of the genus \IChlamydia,\i e.g. those which cause diseases such as trachoma, psittacosis, and non-specific urethritis. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin, from Greek \Ikhlamus -udos\i 'cloak'\c
<hw>chlamydomonas</hw> \K/%klamId\F'\n"m\F'\nUn\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a motile unicellular green alga of the genus \IChlamydomonas.\i \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin (as \J\Xchlamydia\x)\j\c
<hw>chloracne</hw> \K/klO:"rakni/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed.\i a skin disease resembling severe acne, caused by exposure to chlorinated chemicals. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xchlorine\x\j + \J\Xacne\x\j\c\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Nov 93\k
<hw>chloral</hw> \K/"klO:ral/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IChem\i a colourless liquid aldehyde used in making DDT.\p\B2\b (in full \Bchloral hydrate)\b \IPharm.\i \IChem\i a colourless crystalline solid made from chloral and used as a sedative. \BEtymology:\b \3French from \Ichlore\i 'chlorine' + \Ialcool\i 'alcohol'\c
<hw>chloramphenicol</hw> \K/klO:ram"fEnIkQl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPharm.\i an antibiotic prepared from Streptomyces venezuelae or produced synthetically and used esp. against typhoid fever. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xchloro-\x\j + \J\Xamide\x\j + \J\Xpheno-\x\j + \J\Xnitro-\x\j + \J\Xglycol\x\j\c
<hw>chlorate</hw> \K/"klO:reIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i any salt of chloric acid.
<hw>chlorella</hw> \K/kl\F'\n"rEl\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a non-motile unicellular green alga of the genus \IChlorella.\i \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin, diminutive of Greek \Ikhloros\i 'green'\c
<hw>chloric acid</hw> \K/"klO:rIk/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i a colourless liquid acid with strong oxidizing properties. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xchloro-\x\j + \J\X-ic\x\j\c
<hw>chloride</hw> \K/"klO:rVId/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i\p\B1\b any compound of chlorine with another element or group.\p\B2\b any bleaching agent containing chloride. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xchloro-\x\j + \J\X-ide\x\j\c
<hw>chlorinate</hw> \K/"klO:rIneIt/, /"klQ-/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \IChem\i impregnate or treat with chlorine.\p\B2\b \IChem.\i cause to react or combine with chlorine. \Bchlorinator\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>chlorination</hw> \K/klO:rI"neIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMed\i the treatment of water with chlorine to disinfect it.\p\B2\b \IChem.\i a reaction in which chlorine is introduced into a compound.
<hw>chlorine</hw> \K/"klO:ri:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i a poisonous greenish-yellow gaseous element of the halogen group occurring naturally esp. as sodium chloride in salt, sea water, rock salt, etc., and used in disinfectants and bleaches, and the manufacture of many organic chemicals (symbol \BCl).\b\Ksymb\k \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ikhloros\i 'green' + \J\X-ine\x (4)\j\c
<hw>chlorite (1)</hw> \K/"klO:rVIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMineral.\i a dark green mineral found in many rocks, consisting of a basic aluminosilicate of magnesium, iron, etc. \Bchloritic\b \K/-"rItIk/\k \Iadj.\i\Kchlorite hom 1 new f. OERD and chloritic moved May 94\k
<hw>chlorite (2)</hw> \K/"klO:rVIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i any salt of chlorous acid.
<hw>chloro-</hw> \K/"klO:r\F'\nU/, /"klQr\F'\nU/\k \Icomb. form\i (also \Bchlor-\b esp. before a vowel)\p\B1\b \IBiol.\i & \IMineral.\i green.\p\B2\b \IChem.\i chlorine. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ikhloros\i 'green': in sense 2 from \J\Xchlorine\x\j\c
<hw>chloroform</hw> \K/"klO:r\F'\nfO:m/, /"klQr-/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i a colourless volatile sweet-smelling liquid used as a solvent and formerly as a general anaesthetic. Chem. formula: CHCl3.\Kformula\k \Iv.tr.\i render (a person) unconscious with this. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ichloroforme,\i formed as \J\Xchloro-\x\j + \Iformyle\i from \J\Xformic acid\x\j\c
<hw>chlorophyll</hw> \K/"klO:r\F'\nfIl/, /"klQr-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiochem\i the green pigment found in most plants, responsible for light absorption to provide energy by photosynthesis. \Bchlorophyllous\b \K/-"fIl\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ichlorophylle\i from Greek \Iphullon\i 'leaf': see \J\Xchloro-\x\j\c
<hw>chloroplast</hw> \K/"klO:r\F'\nplast/, /-plA:st/, /"klQr-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot Anat\i a plastid containing chlorophyll, found in plant cells undergoing photosynthesis. \BEtymology:\b \3German: (as \J\Xchloro-\x,\j \J\Xplastid\x)\j\c
<hw>chloroquine</hw> \K/"klQr\F'\nkwi:n/, /"klO:r-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPharm.\i a drug related to quinoline and used esp. against malaria.\Knew f. NSOED April 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xchloro-\x\j + \J\Xquinine\x\j\c
<hw>chlorosis</hw> \K/klQ"r\F'\nUsIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMed.\i a severe form of anaemia from iron deficiency esp. in young women, causing a greenish complexion \I(cf.\i \J\Xgreensick\x).\j\p\B2\b \IBot.\i a reduction or loss of the normal green coloration of leaves. \Bchlorotic\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xchloro-\x\j + \J\X-osis\x\j\c
<hw>chlorous acid</hw> \K/"klO:r\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i a pale yellow liquid acid with oxidizing properties. Chem. formula: HClO2.\Kformula\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xchloro-\x\j + \J\X-ous\x\j\c
<hw>chlorpromazine</hw> \K/klO:"pr\F'\nUm\F'\nzIn/, /-zi:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPharm.\i a drug used as a sedative and to control nausea and vomiting. \BEtymology:\b \3French (as \J\Xchloro-\x,\j \J\Xpromethazine\x)\j\c
<hw>Ch.M.</hw> \Iabbr.\i \ISurgery\i Master of Surgery. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \IChirurgiae Magister\i\c
<hw>choc ice</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IFood\i a bar of ice cream covered with a thin coating of chocolate.
<hw>chock</hw> \K/tSQk/\k \In., v., & adv.\i\p\In.\i\p\IMech\i a block or wedge of wood to check motion, esp. of a cask or a wheel. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b fit or make fast with chocks.\p\B2\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bup)\b\i \BBrit.\b cram full. \Iadv.\i as closely or tightly as possible. \BEtymology:\b \3probably from Old French \Iτouche,\i \Iτoche\i 'block, log', of unknown origin\c
<hw>chocka</hw> \K/"tSQk\F'\n/\k \Iadj. & adv.\i \Icolloq.\i = \J\Xchock-a-block\x.\j\Knew f. corpus, incomings Dec 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation\c
<hw>chock-a-block</hw> \K/tSQk\F'\n"blQk/\k \Iadj. & adv.\i crammed close together; crammed full \3(a street chock-a-block with cars).\c \BEtymology:\b \3originally nautical, with reference to tackle with the two blocks run close together\c
<hw>chock-full</hw> \K/tSQk"fUl/\k \Iadj. & adv.\i crammed full \3(chock-full of rubbish).\c \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xchock\x\j + \J\Xfull\x (1):\j Middle English \Ichokkefulle\i (related to \J\Xchoke\x (1))\j is doubtful\c
<hw>chockstone</hw> \K/"tSQkst\F'\nUn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMountaineering\i a stone wedged in a vertical cleft.\Knew f. SOED, corpus Mar 94\k
<hw>chocoholic</hw> \K/tSQk\F'\n"hQlIk/\k \In. & adj.\i (also \Bchocaholic)\b\p\In.\i\pa person who is addicted to or very fond of chocolate. \Iadj.\i of or relating to chocoholics.\Knew in COD9 f. corpus, NSOED Mar 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3blend of \J\Xchocolate\x\j and \J\Xalcoholic\x\j\c
<hw>chocolate</hw> \K/"tSQk(\F'\n)l\F'\nt/\k \In. & adj.\i \IFood\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a food preparation in the form of a paste or solid block made from roasted and ground cacao seeds, usually sweetened. \Bb\b a sweet made of or coated with this. \Bc\b a drink made with chocolate.\p\B2\b = \J\Xchocolate brown\x\p\In.\i\p\j \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b made from or of chocolate.\p\B2\b = \J\Xchocolate brown\x \Iadj.\i\j \Bchocolatey\b \Iadj.\i (also \Bchocolaty).\b \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ichocolat\i or Spanish \Ichocolate,\i from Nahuatl \Ichocolatl\i\c
<hw>chocolate box</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a decorated box filled with chocolates.\p\B2\b \B(chocolate-box\b \Iattrib.)\i stereotypically pretty or romantic.
<hw>chocolate brown</hw> \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\pa deep brown colour. \Iadj.\i \I(hyphenated when \Battrib.)\b\i of this colour.\Knew f. corpus Nov 94\k
<hw>Choctaw</hw> \K/"tSQktO:/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i same or \BChoctaws)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b \IPeople\i a member of a N. American Indian people originally from Alabama. \Bb\b \ILanguage\i the language of this people.\p\B2\b \ISkating Sport\i (in skating) a step from one edge of a skate to the other edge of the other skate in the opposite direction. \Iadj.\i of or relating to the Choctaws or their language.\Kadj. new f. OERD May 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3native name\c
<hw>choice</hw> \K/tSOIs/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the act or an instance of choosing. \Bb\b a thing or person chosen \3(not a good choice).\c\p\B2\b a range from which to choose.\p\B3\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bof)\b\i the elite, the best.\p\B4\b the power or opportunity to choose \3(what choice have I?).\c \Iadj.\i of superior quality; carefully chosen. \Bchoicely\b \Iadv.\i \Bchoiceness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ichois,\i from \Ichoisir\i \J\Xchoose\x\j\c
<hw>choir</hw> \K/"kwVI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMus Relig\i a regular group of singers, esp. taking part in church services.\p\B2\b \IArchit\i the part of a cathedral or large church between the altar and the nave, used by the choir and clergy.\p\B3\b a company of singers, birds, angels etc. \3(a heavenly choir).\c\p\B4\b \IMus.\i a group of instruments of one family playing together. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iquer\i from Latin \Ichorus:\i see \J\Xchorus\x\j\c
<hw>choirboy</hw> \K/"kwVI\F'\nbOI/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(fem.\i \Bchoirgirl\b \K/-g\F'\n:l/\k) \IMus Relig\i a boy or girl who sings in a church or cathedral choir.
<hw>choirman</hw> \K/"kwVI\F'\nm\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bchoirmen)\b \IMus.\i a man who sings in a choir.\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED, COD box Aug 93\k
<hw>choir organ</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMus\i the softest of three parts making up a large organ having its row of keys the lowest of the three.
<hw>choke (1)</hw> \K/tS\F'\nUk/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i hinder or impede the breathing of (a person or animal) esp. by constricting the windpipe or (of gas, smoke, etc.) by being unbreathable.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i suffer a hindrance or stoppage of breath.\p\B3\b \Itr. & intr.\i make or become speechless from emotion.\p\B4\b \Itr.\i retard the growth of or kill (esp. plants) by the deprivation of light, air, nourishment, etc.\p\B5\b \Itr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bback)\b\i suppress (feelings) with difficulty.\p\B6\b \Itr.\i block or clog (a passage, tube, etc.).\p\B7\b \Itr.\i (as \Bchoked\b \Iadj.)\i \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i disgusted, disappointed.\p\B8\b \Itr.\i \IMech\i enrich the fuel mixture in (an internal-combustion engine) by reducing the intake of air.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMech\i the valve in the carburettor of an internal-combustion engine that controls the intake of air, esp. to enrich the fuel mixture.\p\B2\b \IElectr.\i an inductance coil used to smooth the variations of an alternating current or to alter its phase.\p\Bchoke down\b swallow with difficulty.\p\Bchoke up\b block (a channel etc.). \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old English \Iaceocian,\i from \Iceoce,\i \Ice(a)ce\i \J\Xcheek\x\j\c
<hw>choke (2)</hw> \K/tS\F'\nUk/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i the centre part of an artichoke. \BEtymology:\b \3probably a confusion of the ending of \Iartichoke\i with \J\Xchoke\x (1)\j\c
<hw>chokeberry</hw> \K/"tS\F'\nUkb(\F'\n)ri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IBot.\i\p\B1\b a shrub of the genus \IAronia\i (rose family).\p\B2\b its scarlet berry-like fruit.
<hw>choke chain</hw>\p\In.\i\pa chain looped round a dog's neck to exert control by pressure on its windpipe when the dog pulls.
<hw>choke cherry</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i an astringent N. American cherry, Prunus virginiana.
<hw>choke-damp</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i carbon dioxide in mines, wells, etc.
<hw>choker</hw> \K/"tS\F'\nUk\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IJewellery\i a close-fitting necklace or ornamental neckband.\p\B2\b \IRelig Clothing\i a clerical or other high collar.
<hw>choko</hw> \K/"tS\F'\nUk\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b \BAustral.\b & \BNZ\b \IBot\i a succulent green pear-shaped vegetable like a cucumber in flavour. \BEtymology:\b \3Brazilian Indian \Ichocho\i\c
<hw>choky (1)</hw> \K/"tS\F'\nUki/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bchokey)\b \I(pl.\i \B-ies\b or \B-eys)\b \BBrit.\b \ICriminol\i \Islang\i prison. \BEtymology:\b \3originally Anglo-Indian, from Hindi \Icauki\i 'shed'\c
<hw>choky (2)</hw> \K/"tS\F'\nUki/\k \Iadj.\i \B(chokier,\b \Bchokiest)\b tending to choke or to cause choking.
<hw>cholangiography</hw> \K/%kQlandZI"Qgr\F'\nfi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed.\i X-ray examination of the bile ducts, used to locate and identify an obstruction. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xchole-\x\j + Greek \Iaggeion\i 'vessel' + \J\X-graphy\x\j\c
<hw>chole-</hw> \K/"kQli/\k \Icomb. form\i (also \Bchol-\b esp. before a vowel) \IMed.\i & \IChem.\i bile. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ikhole\i 'gall, bile'\c
<hw>cholecalciferol</hw> \K/%kQlIkal"sIf(\F'\n)rQl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiochem\i one of the D vitamins, produced by the action of sunlight on a cholesterol derivative widely distributed in the skin, a deficiency of which results in rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults. \IAlso called\i \Ivitamin D3.\i \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xchole-\x\j + \J\Xcalciferol\x\j\c
<hw>cholecystography</hw> \K/%kQlIsI"stQgr\F'\nfi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed.\i X-ray examination of the gall bladder, esp. used to detect the presence of gallstones. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xchole-\x\j + \J\Xcysto-\x\j + \J\X-graphy\x\j\c
<hw>choler</hw> \K/"kQl\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ihist.\i = \J\Xyellow bile\x.\j\p\B2\b \Ipoet.\i or \Iarchaic\i anger, irascibility. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icolere\i 'bile, anger' and Latin \Icholera\i from Greek \Ikholera\i 'diarrhoea', in Late Latin = bile, anger, from Greek \Ikhole\i 'bile'\c
<hw>cholera</hw> \K/"kQl\F'\nr\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed.\i an infectious and often fatal disease of the small intestine caused by the mainly water-borne bacterium Vibrio cholerae, resulting in severe vomiting and diarrhoea. \Bcholeraic\b \K/-"reIIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin from Greek \Ikholera:\i see \J\Xcholer\x\j\c
<hw>choleric</hw> \K/"kQl\F'\nrIk/\k \Iadj.\i irascible, angry. \Bcholerically\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icholerique\i and Latin \Icholericus\i from Greek \Ikholerikos:\i see \J\Xcholer\x\j\c
<hw>cholesterol</hw> \K/k\F'\n"lEst\F'\nrQl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiochem.\i a sterol found in most body tissues, including the blood, where high concentrations can promote arteriosclerosis. \BEtymology:\b \3earlier \Icholesterin\i from Greek \Ikhole\i 'bile' + \Istereos\i 'stiff'\c
<hw>choli</hw> \K/"tS\F'\nUli/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bcholis)\b \IClothing\i a type of short-sleeved bodice worn by Indian women. \BEtymology:\b \3Hindi \Icoli\i\c
<hw>choliamb</hw> \K/"k\F'\nUlIam(b)/\k\p\In.\i\p\IProsody\i = \J\Xscazon\x.\j \Bcholiambic\b \K/k\F'\nUlI"ambIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Icholiambus\i from Greek \Ikholiambos,\i from \Ikholos\i 'lame': see \J\Xiambus\x\j\c
<hw>choline</hw> \K/"k\F'\nUli:n/, /-In/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiochem.\i a basic nitrogenous organic compound occurring widely in living matter. \BEtymology:\b \3German \ICholin\i from Greek \Ikhole\i 'bile'\c
<hw>cholla</hw> \K/"tSOI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i any of several opuntias of Mexico and the south-west US. \BEtymology:\b \3Mexican Spanish, literally 'skull, head'\c\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Nov 93\k
<hw>Chomskian</hw> \K/"tSQmskI\F'\nn/\k \Iadj.\i \ILinguistics\i of or relating to N.L. Chomsky, American linguist (b. 1928), or his work.\Knew f. corpus, incomings Mar 94\k
<hw>chondrite</hw> \K/"kQndrVIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeol\i a stony meteorite containing small mineral granules. \BEtymology:\b \3German \IChondrit\i from Greek \Ikhondros\i 'granule'\c
<hw>chondrocranium</hw> \K/kQndr\F'\nU"kreInI\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnat.\i the embryonic skull composed of cartilage and later replaced by bone. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ikhondros\i 'grain, cartilage'\c
<hw>choo-choo</hw> \K/"tSu:tSu:/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bchoo-choo train)\b \IRailways\i \Icolloq.\i (esp. as a child's word) a railway train or locomotive, esp. a steam engine. \BEtymology:\b \3imitative\c
<hw>chook</hw> \K/tSUk/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bchookie\b \K/"tSUki/\k) \BAustral.\b & \BNZ\b\p\B1\b \IZool\i \Icolloq.\i a chicken or fowl.\p\B2\b \Islang\i an older woman. \BEtymology:\b \3English dialect \Ichuck\i 'chicken'\c
<hw>choose</hw> \K/tSu:z/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\I(past\i \Bchose\b \K/tS\F'\nUz/\k; \Ipast part.\i \Bchosen\b \K/"tS\F'\nUz(\F'\n)n/\k)\p\B1\b \Itr.\i select out of a greater number.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bbetween,\b \Bfrom)\b\i take or select one or another.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bto\b + infin.)\i decide, be determined \3(chose to stay behind).\c\p\B4\b \Itr.\i \I(foll. by complement)\i select as \3(was chosen king).\c\p\B5\b \Itr.\i \ITheol.\i (esp. as \Bchosen\b \Iadj.)\i destine to be saved \3(God's chosen people).\c\p\1cannot choose but\c \Iarchaic\i must.\p\1nothing (or little) to choose between them\c they are equivalent. \Bchooser\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iceosan,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>chop (1)</hw> \K/tSQp/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.tr.\i \B(chopped,\b \Bchopping)\b\p\B1\b \I(usu. foll. by \Boff,\b \Bdown,\b etc.)\i cut or fell by a blow, usu. with an axe.\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Bup)\b\i cut (esp. meat or vegetables) into small pieces.\p\B3\b \ISport\i strike (esp. a ball) with a short heavy edgewise blow.\p\B4\b cut as if by chopping; dispense with; reduce, shorten \3(chopped ú100 off the budget;\c \2chopped the penultimate scene from the play;\c \2chopped his sentence short).\c\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a cutting blow, esp. with an axe.\p\B2\b \IFood\i a thick slice of meat (esp. pork or lamb) usu. including a rib.\p\B3\b \ISport\i a short heavy edgewise stroke or blow in tennis, cricket, boxing, etc.\p\B4\b \IMeteorol\i the broken motion of water, usu. owing to the action of the wind against the tide.\p\B5\b \I(prec. by \Bthe)\b\i \BBrit.\b \Islang\i \Ba\b dismissal from employment. \Bb\b the action of killing or being killed. \Bc\b cancellation (of a project etc.).\K5c new f. SOED Sep 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, variant of \J\Xchap\x (1)\j\c
<hw>chop (2)</hw> \K/tSQp/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i \IAnat Zool\i the jaw of an animal etc. \BEtymology:\b \316th-c. variant (occurring earlier) of \J\Xchap\x (3),\j of unknown origin\c
<hw>chop (3)</hw> \K/tSQp/\k \Iv.intr.\i \B(chopped,\b \Bchopping)\b\p\1chop and change\c \BBrit.\b vacillate; change direction frequently.\p\1chop logic\c argue pedantically. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, = barter, exchange, perhaps related to \Ichap\i (as in \J\Xchapman\x)\j from Old English \Iceapian\i (as \J\Xcheap\x)\j\c
<hw>chop (4)</hw> \K/tSQp/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ICommerce\i \Iarchaic\i a trade mark; a brand of goods.\p\1not much chop\c \Besp. Austral.\b & \BNZ\b no good. \BEtymology:\b \3originally in India & China, from Hindi \Ichap\i 'an official stamp'\c
<hw>chopper</hw> \K/"tSQp\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \BBrit.\b \ITools\i a short axe with a large blade. \Bb\b a butcher's cleaver.\p\B2\b \IAeron.\i \Icolloq.\i a helicopter.\p\B3\b \IElectr\i a device for regularly interrupting an electric current or light beam.\p\B4\b \ITransport\i a type of bicycle \B(Chopper\b \Ipropr.),\i or motorcycle, with high handlebars.\p\B5\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \Islang\i teeth.\Ka machine-gun omitted Oct 94\k
<hw>chopstick</hw> \K/"tSQpstIk/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFood\i each of a pair of small thin sticks of wood or ivory etc., held both in one hand as eating utensils by the Chinese, Japanese, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3pidgin English from \Ichop\i = quick + \J\Xstick\x (1),\j equivalent of Cantonese \Ik\i'\IwΓi-tsze\i 'nimble ones'\c
<hw>chop suey</hw> \K/tSQp"su:i/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-eys)\b \ICookery\i a Chinese-style dish of meat stewed and fried with bean sprouts, bamboo shoots, onions, and served with rice. \BEtymology:\b \3Cantonese \Ishap sui\i 'mixed bits'\c
<hw>choral</hw> \K/"kO:r(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \IMus.\i of, for, or sung by a choir or chorus. \Bchorally\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Ichoralis\i from Latin \Ichorus:\i see \J\Xchorus\x\j\c
<hw>chorale</hw> \K/kQ"rA:l/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bchoral)\b \IMus.\i\p\B1\b a stately and simple hymn tune; a harmonized version of this.\p\B2\b \Besp. US\b a choir or choral society. \BEtymology:\b \3German \IChoral(gesang)\i from medieval Latin \Icantus choralis\i\c
<hw>choral ode</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMus\i a song of the chorus in a Greek drama.\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED, corpus Feb 94\k
<hw>choral society</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMus.\i a group which meets regularly to sing choral music.
<hw>chord (1)</hw> \K/kO:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMus.\i a group of (usu. three or more) notes sounded together, as a basis of harmony. \Bchordal\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3originally \Icord\i from \J\Xaccord\x:\j later confused with \J\Xchord\x (2)\j\c
<hw>chord (2)</hw> \K/kO:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMath.\i & \IAeron. etc.\i a straight line joining the ends of an arc, the wings of an aeroplane, etc.\p\B2\b \IAnat.\i = \J\Xcord\x 2.\j\p\B3\b \Ipoet.\i the string of a harp etc.\p\B4\b \IEngin.\i one of the two principal members, usu. horizontal, of a truss.\p\1strike a chord\c\p\B1\b recall something to a person's memory.\p\B2\b elicit sympathy.\p\1touch the right chord\c appeal skilfully to the emotions. \Bchordal\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \316th-c. refashioning of \J\Xcord\x\j reflecting its source, Latin \Ichorda\i\c
<hw>chordate</hw> \K/"kO:deIt/\k \In. & adj.\i \IZool\i\p\In.\i\pany animal of the phylum Chordata, possessing a notochord at some stage during its development. \Iadj.\i of or relating to the chordates. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \Ichordata\i from Latin \Ichorda\i \J\Xchord\x (2),\j on the pattern of \IVertebrata\i etc.\c
<hw>chording</hw> \K/"kO:dIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMus.\i the playing, singing, or arrangement of chords. \Bchord\b \Iv.intr.\i\Knew f. SOED, corpus, incomings Mar 94\k
<hw>chore</hw> \K/tSO:/\k\p\In.\i\pa tedious or routine task, esp. a domestic one. \BEtymology:\b \3originally dialect and US form of \J\Xchar\x (2)\j\c
<hw>chorea</hw> \K/kQ"rI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed.\i a disorder characterized by jerky involuntary movements affecting esp. the shoulders, hips, and face. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin from Greek \Ikhoreia\i 'dance' (as \J\Xchorus\x)\j\c
<hw>choreograph</hw> \K/"kQrI\F'\ngrA:f/\k \Iv.tr.\i \IDancing\i compose the choreography for (a ballet etc.). \Bchoreographer\b \K/-I"Qgr\F'\nf\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3back-formation from \J\Xchoreography\x\j\c
<hw>choreography</hw> \K/kQrI"Qgr\F'\nfi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBallet\i\p\B1\b the design or arrangement of a ballet or other staged dance.\p\B2\b the sequence of steps and movements in dance.\p\B3\b the written notation for this. \Bchoreographic\b \K/kQrI\F'\n"grafIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Bchoreographically\b \K/kQrI\F'\n"grafIk(\F'\n)li/\k \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ikhoreia\i 'dance' + \J\X-graphy\x\j\c
<hw>choreology</hw> \K/kQrI"Ql\F'\ndZi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IDancing\i the study and description of the movements of dancing. \Bchoreologist\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>choriambus</hw> \K/kQrI"amb\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bchoriambi\b \K/-bVI/\k) \IProsody\i a metrical foot consisting of two short (unstressed) syllables between two long (stressed) ones. \Bchoriambic\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin from Greek \Ikhoriambos,\i from \Ikhoreios\i 'of the dance' + \J\Xiambus\x\j\c
<hw>choric</hw> \K/"kQrIk/, /"kO:rIk/\k \Iadj.\i \ITheatr\i of, like, or for a chorus in drama or recitation. \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Ichoricus\i from Greek \Ikhorikos\i (as \J\Xchorus\x)\j\c
<hw>chorion</hw> \K/"kO:rI\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnat\i the outermost membrane surrounding an embryo of a reptile, bird, or mammal. \Bchorionic\b \K/-"QnIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ikhorion\i\c
<hw>chorister</hw> \K/"kQrIst\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig Mus\i\p\B1\b a member of a choir, esp. a choirboy or choirgirl.\p\B2\b \BUS\b the leader of a church choir. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, ultimately from Old French \Icueriste\i from \Iquer\i \J\Xchoir\x\j\c
<hw>chorography</hw> \K/kO:"rQgr\F'\nfi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeog\i the systematic description of regions or districts. \Bchorographer\b\p\In.\i\p\Bchorographic\b \K/kQr\F'\n"grafIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ichorographie\i or Latin \Ichorographia\i from Greek \Ikhorographia,\i from \Ikhora\i 'region'\c
<hw>choroid</hw> \K/"kO:rOId/, /"kQr-/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IAnat\i \Iadj.\i like a chorion in shape or vascularity.\p\In.\i\p(in full \Bchoroid coat\b or \Bmembrane)\b a layer of the eyeball between the retina and the sclera. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ikhoroeides\i for \Ikhorioeides:\i see \J\Xchorion\x\j\c
<hw>chortle</hw> \K/"tSO:t(\F'\n)l/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.intr.\i chuckle gleefully.\p\In.\i\pa gleeful chuckle. \BEtymology:\b \3portmanteau word coined by Lewis Carroll, probably from \J\Xchuckle\x\j + \J\Xsnort\x\j\c
<hw>chorus</hw> \K/"kO:r\F'\ns/\k \In. & v.\i \IMus\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bchoruses)\b\p\B1\b a group (esp. a large one) of singers; a choir.\p\B2\b a piece of music composed for a choir.\p\B3\b the refrain or the main part of a popular song, in which a chorus participates.\p\B4\b any simultaneous utterance by many persons etc. \3(a chorus of disapproval followed).\c\p\B5\b a group of singers and dancers performing in concert in a musical comedy, opera, etc.\p\B6\b \IGk Antiq.\i \ITheatr\i \Ba\b in Greek tragedy, a group of performers who comment together in voice and movement on the main action. \Bb\b an utterance of the chorus.\p\B7\b \ITheatr\i esp. in Elizabethan drama, a character who speaks the prologue and other linking parts of the play.\p\B8\b the part spoken by this character. \Iv.tr. & intr.\i \B(chorused,\b \Bchorusing)\b (of a group) speak or utter simultaneously.\p\1in chorus\c (uttered) together; in unison. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, from Greek \Ikhoros\i\c
<hw>chorus girl</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ITheatr\i a young woman who sings or dances in the chorus of a musical comedy etc.
<hw>chough</hw> \K/tSVf/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a bird of the genus \IPyrrhocorax\i (crow family), with glossy blue-black plumage and red legs. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, probably originally imitative\c
<hw>choux pastry</hw> \K/Su:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFood Cookery\i very light pastry enriched with eggs. \BEtymology:\b \3French, pl. of \Ichou\i 'cabbage, rosette': in English originally a round cream-filled pastry\c
<hw>chow</hw> \K/tSaU/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Islang\i food.\p\B2\b \IPeople\i \Ioffens.\i a Chinese.\p\B3\b \IZool\i \Ba\b a dog of a Chinese breed with long hair and bluish-black tongue. \Bb\b this breed. \BEtymology:\b \3shortened from \J\Xchow-chow\x\j\c
<hw>chow-chow</hw> \K/"tSaUtSaU/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool People\i = \J\Xchow\x 1,2,3.\j\p\B2\b \IFood\i a Chinese preserve of ginger, orange peel, etc., in syrup.\p\B3\b a mixed vegetable pickle. \BEtymology:\b \3pidgin English\c
<hw>chowder</hw> \K/"tSaUd\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b \ICookery\i a rich soup usu. containing fresh fish, clams, or corn with potatoes, onions, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3perhaps French \IchaudiΦre\i 'pot': see \J\Xcauldron\x\j\c
<hw>chowkidar</hw> \K/"tS\F'\nUkIdA:/\k\p\In.\i\p\BAnglo-Ind.\b a watchman or gatekeeper.\Knew f. Incs, NSOED Oct 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Urdu \Ichaukidar\i\c
<hw>chow mein</hw> \K/tSaU "meIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFood Cookery\i a Chinese-style dish of fried noodles with shredded meat or shrimps etc. and vegetables. \BEtymology:\b \3Chinese \Ichao mian\i 'fried flour'\c
<hw>chrestomathy</hw> \K/krE"stQm\F'\nTi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b a selection of passages used esp. to help in learning a language. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ichrestomathie\i or Greek \Ikhrestomatheia,\i from \Ikhrestos\i 'useful' + \I-matheia\i 'learning'\c
<hw>chrism</hw> \K/"krIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i a consecrated oil or unguent used esp. for anointing in Catholic and Greek Orthodox rites. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Icrisma\i via ecclesiastical Latin from Greek \Ikhrisma\i 'anointing'\c
<hw>chrisom</hw> \K/"krIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b = \J\Xchrism\x.\j\p\B2\b (in full \Bchrisom-cloth)\b \IEccl\i \Ihist.\i a white robe put on a child at baptism, and used as its shroud if it died within the month. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, as popular pronunciation of \J\Xchrism\x\j\c
<hw>Christ</hw> \K/krVIst/\k \In. & int.\i \IRelig\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the title, also now treated as a name, given to Jesus of Nazareth, believed by Christians to have fulfilled the Old Testament prophecies of a coming Messiah.\p\B2\b the Messiah as prophesied in the Old Testament.\p\B3\b an image or picture of Jesus. \Iint.\i \Islang\i expressing surprise, anger, etc. \BChristhood\b\p\In.\i\p\BChristlike\b \Iadj.\i \BChristly\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \ICrist\i via Latin \IChristus\i from Greek \Ikhristos\i 'anointed one', from \Ikhrio\i 'anoint': translation of Hebrew \ImaÜεah\i \J\XMessiah\x\j\c
<hw>Christadelphian</hw> \K/krIst\F'\n"dElfI\F'\nn/\k \In. & adj.\i \IRelig\i\p\In.\i\pa member of a Christian sect rejecting the doctrine of the Trinity and expecting a second coming of Christ on earth. \Iadj.\i of or adhering to this sect and its beliefs. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\XChrist\x\j + Greek \Iadelphos\i 'brother'\c
<hw>christen</hw> \K/"krIs(\F'\n)n/\k \Iv.tr.\i \IRelig\i\p\B1\b give a Christian name to at baptism as a sign of admission to a Christian Church.\p\B2\b give a name to (a thing), esp. formally or with a ceremony.\p\B3\b \Icolloq.\i use for the first time. \Bchristener\b\p\In.\i\p\Bchristening\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Icristnian\i 'make Christian'\c
<hw>Christendom</hw> \K/"krIs(\F'\n)nd\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i Christians worldwide, regarded as a collective body. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Icristendom,\i from \Icristen\i \J\XChristian\x\j + \J\X-dom\x\j\c
<hw>Christian</hw> \K/"krIstS(\F'\n)n/, /-tI\F'\nn/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IRelig\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of Christ's teaching or religion.\p\B2\b believing in or following the religion of Jesus Christ.\p\B3\b showing the qualities associated with Christ's teaching.\p\B4\b \Icolloq.\i (of a person) kind, fair, decent.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a person who has received Christian baptism. \Bb\b an adherent of Christ's teaching.\p\B2\b a person exhibiting Christian qualities. \BChristianize\b \Iv.tr. & intr.\i (also \B-ise).\b \BChristianization\b \K/%krIstS(\F'\n)nVI"zeIS(\F'\n)n/, /-tI\F'\nn-/\k\p\In.\i\p\BChristianly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \IChristianus\i from \IChristus\i \J\XChrist\x\j\c
<hw>Christian era</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IHorol\i the era reckoned from the traditional date of Christ's birth.
<hw>Christianity</hw> \K/krIstI"anIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i\p\B1\b the Christian religion; its beliefs and practices.\p\B2\b being a Christian; Christian quality or character.\p\B3\b = \J\XChristendom\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English \Icristianite\i from Old French \IcrestientΘ,\i from \Icrestien\i \J\XChristian\x\j\c
<hw>Christian name</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IRelig.\i a forename, esp. as given at baptism.
<hw>Christian Science</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IRelig.\i the beliefs and practices of The Church of Christ Scientist, a Christian body founded by Mary Baker Eddy in 1879, and holding that only God and the mind have ultimate reality, sin and illness being illusions overcome by prayer and faith. \BChristian Scientist\b\p\In.\i\p\KChristian Scientist subsumed Aug 92 aaw\k
<hw>Christie</hw> \K/"krIsti/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \BChristy)\b \I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \ISkiing\i a sudden turn in which the skis are kept parallel, used for changing direction fast or stopping short. \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation of \IChristiania\i (now Oslo) in Norway\c
<hw>Christingle</hw> \K/"krIstINg(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i a lighted candle symbolizing Christ as the light of the world, held by children esp. at Advent services. \BEtymology:\b \3perhaps from German \IChristkindl,\i diminutive of \IChristkind\i 'Christ child'\c
<hw>Christmas</hw> \K/"krIsm\F'\ns/\k \In. & int.\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \BChristmases)\b\p\B1\b (also \BChristmas Day)\b \IEccl\i the annual festival of Christ's birth, celebrated on 25 Dec.\p\B2\b the season in which this occurs; the time immediately before and after 25 Dec. \Iint.\i \Islang\i expressing surprise, dismay, etc. \BChristmassy\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \ICristes mµsse\i \J(\XMass\x)\j\c
<hw>Christmas box</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ICommerce\i a present or gratuity given at Christmas esp. to tradesmen and employees.
<hw>Christmas cake</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ICookery\i a rich fruit cake usu. covered with marzipan and icing and eaten at Christmas.
<hw>Christmas card</hw>\p\In.\i\pa card sent with greetings at Christmas.
<hw>Christmas Eve</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IHorol. Relig.\i the day or the evening before Christmas Day.
<hw>Christmas pudding</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ICookery\i a rich boiled pudding eaten at Christmas, made with flour, suet, dried fruit, etc.
<hw>Christmas rose</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a small white-flowered winter-blooming plant, Helleborus niger.
<hw>Christmas stocking</hw>\p\In.\i\pa real or ornamental stocking hung up by children on Christmas Eve for Father Christmas to fill with presents.\Knew f. SOED Dec 94\k
<hw>Christmas tree</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i an evergreen (usu. spruce) or artificial tree set up with decorations at Christmas.
<hw>Christology</hw> \K/krI"stQl\F'\ndZi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig Theol\i the branch of theology relating to Christ. \BChristological\b \K/-t\F'\n"lQdZIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\K-ogical new f. corpus, SOED mar 94\k
<hw>chroma</hw> \K/"kr\F'\nUm\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\ppurity or intensity of colour. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ikhroma\i 'colour'\c
<hw>chromate</hw> \K/"kr\F'\nUmeIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i a salt in which the anion contains both chromium (esp. in a higher valency) and oxygen.
<hw>chromatic</hw> \K/kr\F'\n(U)"matIk/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of or produced by colour; in (esp. bright) colours.\p\B2\b \IMus.\i \Ba\b of or having notes not belonging to a diatonic scale. \Bb\b (of a scale) ascending or descending by semitones. \Bchromatically\b \Iadv.\i \Bchromaticism\b \K/-tIsIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Ichromatique\i or Latin \Ichromaticus\i from Greek \Ikhromatikos,\i from \Ikhroma -atos\i 'colour'\c
<hw>chromatic aberration</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i \IOptics\i the failure of different wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation to come to the same focus after refraction.
<hw>chromaticity</hw> \K/kr\F'\nUm\F'\n"tIsIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i the quality of colour regarded independently of brightness.
<hw>chromatic semitone</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMus.\i an interval between a note and its flat or sharp.
<hw>chromatid</hw> \K/"kr\F'\nUm\F'\ntId/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiol.\i either of two threadlike strands into which a chromosome divides longitudinally during cell division. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ikhroma -atos\i 'colour' + \J\X-id\x (2)\j\c
<hw>chromatin</hw> \K/"kr\F'\nUm\F'\ntIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiochem.\i the material in a cell nucleus that stains with basic dyes and consists of protein, RNA, and DNA, of which eukaryotic chromosomes are composed. \BEtymology:\b \3German: see \J\Xchromatid\x\j\c
<hw>chromatography</hw> \K/kr\F'\nUm\F'\n"tQgr\F'\nfi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i a technique for the separation of a mixture by passing it in solution or suspension through a medium in which the components move at different rates. \Bchromatograph\b \K/-"mat\F'\ngrA:f/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bchromatographic\b \K/-m\F'\nt\F'\n(U)"grafIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3German \IChromatographie\i (as \J\Xchromato-\x,\j \J\X-graphy\x)\j\c
<hw>chrome</hw> \K/kr\F'\nUm/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IChem\i chromium, esp. as plating.\p\B2\b (in full \Bchrome yellow)\b a yellow pigment obtained from lead chromate. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = chromium, from Greek \Ikhroma\i 'colour'\c
<hw>chrome leather</hw>\p\In.\i\pleather tanned with chromium salts.
<hw>chrome steel</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMetallurgy\i a hard fine-grained steel containing much chromium and used for tools etc.
<hw>chromic</hw> \K/"kr\F'\nUmIk/\k \Iadj.\i \IChem.\i of or containing trivalent chromium.
<hw>chromic acid</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i an acid that exists only in solution or in the form of chromate salts.
<hw>chrominance</hw> \K/"kr\F'\nUmIn\F'\nns/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITelev.\i the colorimetric difference between a given colour and a standard colour of equal luminance. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ikhroma\i 'colour' + \J\Xluminance\x\j\c\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Nov 93\k
<hw>chromite</hw> \K/"kr\F'\nUmVIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMineral.\i a black mineral of chromium and iron oxides, which is the principal ore of chromium.\p\B2\b \IChem.\i a salt of divalent chromium.
<hw>chromium</hw> \K/"kr\F'\nUmI\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i a hard white metallic transition element, occurring naturally as chromite and used as a shiny decorative electroplated coating (symbol \BCr).\b\Ksymb\k \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from French \J\Xchrome\x\j\c
<hw>chromium-plate</hw> \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\pan electrolytically deposited protective coating of chromium. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b coat with this.\p\B2\b (as \Bchromium-plated\b \Iadj.)\i pretentiously decorative.
<hw>chromolithograph</hw> \K/kr\F'\nUm\F'\nU"lIT\F'\ngrA:f/\k \In. & v.\i \IPrinting Art\i\p\In.\i\pa coloured picture printed by lithography. \Iv.tr.\i print or produce by this process. \Bchromolithographer\b \K/-"TQgr\F'\nf\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bchromolithographic\b \K/-%lIT\F'\n"grafIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Bchromolithography\b \K/-lI"TQgr\F'\nfi/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>chromosome</hw> \K/"kr\F'\nUm\F'\ns\F'\nUm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiol.\i each of the rodlike or threadlike structures of DNA and protein found in the nuclei of cells that carry the genetic information in the form of genes. \Bchromosomal\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3German \IChromosom\i (as \J\Xchromo-\x (2),\j \J\X-some\x (3))\j\c
<hw>chromosome map</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBiol Genetics\i a plan showing the relative positions of genes along the length of a chromosome.
<hw>chromosphere</hw> \K/"kr\F'\nUm\F'\nsfI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAstrol\i a gaseous layer of the sun's atmosphere between the photosphere and the corona. \Bchromospheric\b \K/-"sfErIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xchromo-\x (2)\j + \J\Xsphere\x\j\c
<hw>chronic</hw> \K/"krQnIk/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IMed\i persisting for a long time (usu. of an illness or a personal or social problem).\p\B2\b \IMed\i having a chronic complaint.\p\B3\b \Icolloq.\i habitual, inveterate \3(a chronic liar).\c\p\B4\b \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i very bad; intense, severe. \Bchronically\b \Iadv.\i \Bchronicity\b \K/krQ"nIsIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Ichronique\i from Latin \Ichronicus\i (in Late Latin of disease), from Greek \Ikhronikos\i from \Ikhronos\i 'time'\c The use of \Ichronic\i in sense 3 is very informal, and its use in sense 4 is considered incorrect by some people.
<hw>chronic fatigue syndrome</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i = \J\XME\x 2.\j\Knew f. incomings, corpus Nov 93\k
<hw>chronicle</hw> \K/"krQnIk(\F'\n)l/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a register of events in order of their occurrence.\p\B2\b a narrative, a full account.\p\B3\b \B(Chronicles)\b \IBibl\i the name of two of the historical books of the Old Testament or Hebrew Bible. \Iv.tr.\i record (events) in the order of their occurrence. \Bchronicler\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Anglo-French \Icronicle,\i ultimately via Latin \Ichronica\i from Greek \Ikhronika\i 'annals': see \J\Xchronic\x\j\c
<hw>chronograph</hw> \K/"krQn\F'\ngrA:f/\k\p\In.\i\p\IHorol\i\p\B1\b an instrument for recording time with extreme accuracy.\p\B2\b a stopwatch. \Bchronographic\b \K/-"grafIk/\k \Iadj.\i
<hw>chronological</hw> \K/krQn\F'\n"lQdZIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b (of a number of events) arranged or regarded in the order of their occurrence.\p\B2\b of or relating to chronology. \Bchronologically\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>chronology</hw> \K/kr\F'\n"nQl\F'\ndZi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b the study of historical records to establish the dates of past events.\p\B2\b \Ba\b the arrangement of events, dates, etc. in the order of their occurrence. \Bb\b a table or document displaying this. \Bchronologist\b\p\In.\i\p\Bchronologize\b \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise).\b \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \Ichronologia\i (as \J\Xchrono-\x,\j \J\X-logy\x)\j\c
<hw>chronometer</hw> \K/kr\F'\n"nQmIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IHorol\i a time-measuring instrument, esp. one keeping accurate time in spite of motion and variation in temperature, humidity, etc., and used in navigation.
<hw>chronometry</hw> \K/kr\F'\n"nQmItri/\k\p\In.\i\p\IHorol\i the science of accurate time-measurement. \Bchronometric\b \K/krQn\F'\n"mEtrIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Bchronometrical\b \K/krQn\F'\n"mEtrIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Bchronometrically\b \K/krQn\F'\n"mEtrIk(\F'\n)li/\k \Iadv.\i
<hw>chrysalid</hw> \K/"krIs(\F'\n)lId/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i = \J\Xchrysalis\x.\j\Knew f. SOED Oct 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3formed as \J\Xchrysalis\x\j\c
<hw>chrysalis</hw> \K/"krIs(\F'\n)lIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bchrysalises\b or \Bchrysalides\b \K/krI"salIdi:z/\k)\p\B1\b \IZool\i \Ba\b a quiescent pupa of a butterfly or moth. \Bb\b the hard outer case enclosing it.\p\B2\b a preparatory or transitional state. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin from Greek \Ikhrusallis -idos,\i from \Ikhrusos\i 'gold'\c
<hw>chrysanth</hw> \K/krI"sanT/, /-z-/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IBot\i \Icolloq.\i a cultivated chrysanthemum. \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation\c
<hw>chrysanthemum</hw> \K/krI"sanTIm\F'\nm/, /-z-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a plant of the genus \IChrysanthemum\i or (if cultivated usu.) the genus \IDendranthema\i (daisy family), having brightly coloured flowers. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin from Greek \Ikhrusanthemon,\i from \Ikhrusos\i 'gold' + \Ianthemon\i 'flower'\c
<hw>chryselephantine</hw> \K/krIsElI"fantVIn/\k \Iadj.\i \ISculpture\i (of ancient Greek sculpture) overlaid with gold and ivory. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ikhruselephantinos\i from \Ikhrusos\i 'gold' + \Ielephas\i 'ivory'\c
<hw>chrysoberyl</hw> \K/krIs\F'\n"bErIl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMineral\i a yellowish-green gem consisting of a beryllium salt. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ichrysoberyllus,\i from Greek \Ikhrusos\i 'gold' + \Iberullos\i 'beryl'\c
<hw>chrysolite</hw> \K/"krIs\F'\nlVIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMineral\i a precious stone, a yellowish-green or brownish variety of olivine. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icrisolite,\i medieval Latin \Icrisolitus,\i and Latin \Ichrysolithus\i from Greek \Ikhrusolithos,\i from \Ikhrusos\i 'gold' + \Ilithos\i 'stone'\c
<hw>chrysoprase</hw> \K/"krIs\F'\npreIz/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMineral\i\p\B1\b an apple-green variety of chalcedony containing nickel and used as a gem.\p\B2\b (in the New Testament) probably a golden-green variety of beryl. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icrisopace\i from Latin \Ichrysopassus,\i variant of Latin \Ichrysoprasus,\i from Greek \Ikhrusoprasos\i from \Ikhrusos\i 'gold' + \Iprason\i 'leek'\c
<hw>chrysotile</hw> \K/"krIs\F'\ntVIl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMineral\i a form of asbestos. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ikhrusos\i 'gold' + \Itilos\i 'fibre'\c\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Nov 93\k
<hw>chthonic</hw> \K/"kTQnIk/, /"TQnIk/\k \Iadj.\i (also \Bchthonian\b \K/"kT\F'\nUnI\F'\nn/, /"T\F'\nU-/\k) of, relating to, or inhabiting the underworld. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ikhthon\i 'earth'\c
<hw>chub</hw> \K/tSVb/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a thick-bodied coarse-fleshed river fish, Leuciscus cephalus. \BEtymology:\b \315th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>Chubb</hw> \K/tSVb/\k\p\In.\i\p(in full \BChubb lock)\b \Ipropr.\i a lock with a device for fixing the bolt immovably should someone try to pick it.\Knew in COD9 f. POD Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3C. \IChubb,\i London locksmith d. 1845\c
<hw>chubby</hw> \K/"tSVbi/\k \Iadj.\i \B(chubbier,\b \Bchubbiest)\b plump and rounded (esp. of a person or a part of the body). \Bchubbily\b \Iadv.\i \Bchubbiness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xchub\x\j\c
<hw>chuck (1)</hw> \K/tSVk/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \Icolloq.\i fling or throw carelessly or with indifference.\p\B2\b \I(often \B(Brit.)\b foll. by \Bin,\b \Bup)\b\i \Icolloq.\i give up; reject \3(chucked in my job).\c\p\B3\b touch playfully, esp. under the chin.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a playful touch under the chin.\p\B2\b a toss.\K2 new f. SOED Aug 93\k\p\B3\b \I(prec. by \Bthe)\b\i \BBrit.\b \Islang\i dismissal \3(he got the chuck).\c\p\Bchuck it\b \Islang\i stop, desist.\p\Bchuck out\b \Icolloq.\i\p\B1\b expel (a person) from a gathering etc.\p\B2\b get rid of, discard. \BEtymology:\b \316th c., perhaps from French \Ichuquer,\i \Ichoquer\i 'to knock'\c
<hw>chuck (2)</hw> \K/tSVk/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IFood\i a cut of beef between the neck and the ribs.\p\B2\b \IMech\i a device for holding a workpiece in a lathe or a tool in a drill. \Iv.tr.\i fix (wood, a tool, etc.) to a chuck. \BEtymology:\b \3variant of \J\Xchock\x\j\c
<hw>chuck (4)</hw> \K/tSVk/\k\p\In.\i\p\Idial.\i (as a form of address) dear, darling.\Knew f. SOED Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3alteration of \J\Xchick\x (1)\j\c
<hw>chucker-out</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i a person employed to expel troublesome people from a gathering etc.
<hw>chuckle</hw> \K/"tSVk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.intr.\i laugh quietly or inwardly.\p\In.\i\pa quiet or suppressed laugh. \Bchuckler\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3\Ichuck\i 'cluck'\c
<hw>chucklehead</hw> \K/"tSVk(\F'\n)lhEd/\k\p\In.\i\p\Icolloq.\i a stupid person. \Bchuckleheaded\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3\Ichuckle\i 'clumsy', probably related to \J\Xchuck\x (2)\j\c
<hw>chuckwagon</hw> \K/"tSVkwag(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b \IFood\i\p\B1\b a provision cart on a ranch etc.\p\B2\b a roadside eating place. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xchuck\x (3)\j\c
<hw>chug</hw> \K/tSVg/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.intr.\i \B(chugged,\b \Bchugging)\b\p\B1\b emit a regular muffled explosive sound, as of an engine running slowly.\p\B2\b move with this sound.\p\In.\i\pa chugging sound. \BEtymology:\b \3imitative\c
<hw>chukar</hw> \K/"tSUkA:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a red-legged partridge, Alectoris chukar, native to India. \BEtymology:\b \3Hindi \Icakor\i\c
<hw>chukka</hw> \K/"tSVk\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Bchukker)\b \ISport\i each of the periods of play (7-712 minutes) into which a game of polo is divided. \BEtymology:\b \3Hindi \Icakkar\i from Sanskrit \Icakra\i 'wheel'\c
<hw>chum (1)</hw> \K/tSVm/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\Icolloq.\i (esp. among schoolchildren) a close friend. \Iv.intr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i share rooms.\p\Bchum up\b \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i become a close friend (of). \Bchummy\b \Iadj.\i \B(chummier,\b \Bchummiest).\b \Bchummily\b \Iadv.\i \Bchumminess\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \317th c.: probably short for \Ichamber-fellow\i\c
<hw>chum (2)</hw> \K/tSVm/\k \In. & v.\i \BN. Amer.\b \IFishing\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b refuse from fish.\p\B2\b chopped fish used as bait.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i fish using chum.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i bait (a fishing place) using chum. \BEtymology:\b \319th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>chump</hw> \K/tSVmp/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Icolloq.\i a foolish person.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b \IFood\i the thick end, esp. of a loin of lamb or mutton \3(chump chop).\c\p\B3\b a short thick block of wood.\p\B4\b \BBrit.\b \Islang\i the head.\p\1off one's chump\c \BBrit.\b \Islang\i crazy. \BEtymology:\b \318th c.: probably a blend of \J\Xchunk\x\j and \J\Xlump\x (1)\j\c
<hw>chunk</hw> \K/tSVNk/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a thick solid slice or piece of something firm or hard.\p\B2\b a substantial amount or piece. \BEtymology:\b \3probably variant of \J\Xchuck\x (2)\j\c
<hw>chunky</hw> \K/"tSVNki/\k \Iadj.\i \B(chunkier,\b \Bchunkiest)\b\p\B1\b containing or consisting of chunks.\p\B2\b short and thick; small and sturdy.\p\B3\b (of clothes) made of a thick material. \Bchunkiness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>Chunnel</hw> \K/"tSVn(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\IEngin\i \Icolloq.\i a tunnel under the English Channel linking England and France. \BEtymology:\b \3portmanteau word from \IChannel tunnel\i\c
<hw>church</hw> \K/tS\F'\n:tS/\k \In. & v.\i \IRelig\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a building for public (usu. Christian) worship.\p\B2\b a meeting for public worship in such a building \3(go to church;\c \2met after church).\c\p\B3\b \B(usu. Church)\b \I(prec. by \Bthe)\b\i the body of all Christians.\p\B4\b \B(usu. Church)\b the clergy or clerical profession \3(went into the Church).\c\p\B5\b \B(usu. Church)\b an organized Christian group or society of any time, country, or distinct principles of worship \3(the primitive Church;\c \2Church of Scotland;\c \2High Church).\c\p\B6\b \B(usu. Church)\b institutionalized religion as a political or social force \3(Church and State).\c \Iv.tr.\i \Iarchaic\i take (esp. a woman after childbirth) to church for a service of thanksgiving. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Icirice,\i \Icirce,\i etc. via medieval Greek \Ikurikon\i from Greek \Ikuriakon\i \I(doma)\i 'Lord's (house)', from \Ikurios\i 'Lord': cf. \J\Xkirk\x\j\c
<hw>Church Army</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IRelig.\i (in the UK) an organization of the Church of England concerned with social welfare.
<hw>Church Commissioners</hw> \In.pl.\i \IRelig.\i a body managing the finances of the Church of England.
<hw>churchgoer</hw> \K/"tS\F'\n:tSg\F'\nU\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i a person who goes to church, esp. regularly. \Bchurchgoing\b \In. & adj.\i
<hw>churchman</hw> \K/"tS\F'\n:tSm\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-men)\b \IRelig\i\p\B1\b a member of the clergy or of a Church.\p\B2\b a supporter of the Church.
<hw>Church Militant</hw>\p\In.\i\p\I(prec. by \Bthe)\b\i \ITheol\i the whole body of Christian believers as striving to combat evil on earth. \BEtymology:\b \3contrasted with 'the Church Triumphant' in heaven\c\KChurch visible omitted as now uncommon; Church Militant new from JHM Oct 94\k
<hw>Church of England</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IRelig.\i the English branch of the Western Christian Church, which combines Catholic and Protestant traditions, rejects the pope's authority, and has the monarch as its titular head.
<hw>church school</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IEducation\i\p\B1\b (in the UK) a school founded by or associated with the Church of England.\p\B2\b (in the US) a private school supported by a particular Church or parish.\Ksense 2 new f. F. Abate Oct 94\k
<hw>churchwarden</hw> \K/"tS\F'\n:tSwO:d(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \IRelig\i either of the two main elected lay representatives in an Anglican parish, formally responsible for movable church property and for keeping order in church. \Bb\b \BUS\b a church administrator.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b a long-stemmed clay pipe.
<hw>churchwoman</hw> \K/"tS\F'\n:tSwUm\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-women)\b \IRelig\i\p\B1\b a woman member of the clergy or of a Church.\p\B2\b a woman supporter of the Church.
<hw>churchy</hw> \K/"tS\F'\n:tSi/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b obtrusively or intolerantly devoted to the Church or opposed to religious dissent.\p\B2\b like a church. \Bchurchiness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>churchyard</hw> \K/"tS\F'\n:tSjA:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i the enclosed ground around a church, esp. as used for burials.
<hw>churinga</hw> \K/tSV"rINg\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i same or \Bchuringas)\b a sacred object, esp. an amulet, among the Australian Aboriginals. \BEtymology:\b \3Aranda \Ijwerrenge\i 'object from the dreaming'\c
<hw>churl</hw> \K/tS\F'\n:l/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an ill-bred person.\p\B2\b \Iarchaic\i a peasant; a person of low birth.\p\B3\b \Iarchaic\i a surly or mean person. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iceorl\i from a West Germanic root, = man\c
<hw>churlish</hw> \K/"tS\F'\n:lIS/\k \Iadj.\i surly; mean. \Bchurlishly\b \Iadv.\i \Bchurlishness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Icierlisc,\i \Iceorlisc\i from \Iceorl\i \J\Xchurl\x\j\c
<hw>churn</hw> \K/tS\F'\n:n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b a large milk can.\p\B2\b a machine for making butter by agitating milk or cream.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i agitate (milk or cream) in a churn.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i produce (butter) in this way.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bup)\b\i cause distress to; upset, agitate.\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i (of a liquid) seethe, foam violently \3(the churning sea).\c\p\B5\b \Itr.\i agitate or move (liquid) vigorously, causing it to foam.\p\Bchurn out\b produce routinely or mechanically, esp. in large quantities. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Icyrin,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>churr</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xchirr\x.\j
<hw>churrascaria</hw> \K/tSU%rask\F'\n"rI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFood\i a restaurant specializing in churrasco.\Knew in COD9 f. corpus Mar 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish\c
<hw>churrasco</hw> \K/tSU"rask\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i a S. American dish consisting of steak barbecued over a wood or charcoal fire.\Knew in COD9 f. OERD Mar 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish, probably from Spanish dialect \Ichurrascar\i 'burn'\c
<hw>chute (1)</hw> \K/Su:t/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a sloping channel or slide, with or without water, for conveying things to a lower level.\p\B2\b a slide into a swimming pool. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ichute\i 'fall' (of water etc.), from Old French \Icheoite,\i fem. past part. of \Icheoir\i 'fall', from Latin \Icadere;\i in some senses = \J\Xshoot\x\j\c
<hw>chutney</hw> \K/"tSVtni/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-eys)\b \ICookery\i a pungent originally Indian condiment made of fruits or vegetables, vinegar, spices, sugar, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Hindi \Icatni\i\c
<hw>chyle</hw> \K/kVIl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysiol.\i lymph containing fats absorbed by the lacteals from the small intestine. \Bchylous\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Ichylus\i from Greek \Ikhulos\i 'juice'\c
<hw>chyme</hw> \K/kVIm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysiol.\i the acidic semi-solid and partly digested food produced in the stomach by gastric activity. \Bchymous\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Ichymus\i from Greek \Ikhumos\i 'juice'\c
<hw>chypre</hw> \K/Si:pr(\F'\n)/\k\p\In.\i\pa heavy perfume made from sandalwood. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = Cyprus, perhaps where it was first made\c
<hw>CI</hw> \Iabbr.\i\p\B1\b \IGeog\i Channel Islands.\p\B2\b \Ihist.\i Order of the Crown of India.
<hw>Ci</hw> \Iabbr.\i \ISci\i curie.
<hw>CIA</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IPolit\i (in the US) Central Intelligence Agency.
<hw>ciabatta</hw> \K/tS\F'\n"bA:t\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bciabattas)\b \IFood\i\p\B1\b a type of moist aerated Italian bread made with olive oil.\p\B2\b a loaf of this.\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED, corpus Mar 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Italian dialect, literally 'slipper' (from its shape)\c
<hw>ciborium</hw> \K/sI"bO:rI\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bciboria\b \K/-rI\F'\n/\k)\p\B1\b \IEccl\i a vessel with an arched cover used to hold the Eucharist.\p\B2\b \IArchit.\i \Ba\b a canopy. \Bb\b a shrine with a canopy. \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin from Greek \Ikiborion\i 'seed vessel of the water lily, a cup made from it'\c
<hw>cicada</hw> \K/sI"kA:d\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcicala\b \K/sI"kA:l\F'\n/\k) \IZool\i any transparent-winged large insect of the family Cicadidae, the males of which make a loud rhythmic chirping sound. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icicada,\i \Icicala\i\c
<hw>cicatrice</hw> \K/"sIk\F'\ntrIs/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcicatrix\b \K/"sIk\F'\ntrIks/\k) \I(pl.\i \Bcicatrices\b \K/sIk\F'\n"trVIsi:z/\k)\p\B1\b \IMed\i any mark left by a healed wound; a scar.\p\B2\b \IBot.\i \Ba\b a mark on a stem etc. left when a leaf or other part becomes detached. \Bb\b a scar on the bark of a tree. \Bcicatricial\b \K/sIk\F'\n"trIS(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Icicatrice\i or Latin \Icicatrix -icis\i\c
<hw>cicatrize</hw> \K/"sIk\F'\ntrVIz/\k\p\Iv.\i\p(also \B-ise)\b \IMed\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i heal (a wound) by scar formation.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i (of a wound) heal by scar formation. \Bcicatrization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Icicatriser:\i see \J\Xcicatrice\x\j\c
<hw>cicely</hw> \K/"sIsIli/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IBot\i any of various umbelliferous plants, esp. sweet cicely. \BEtymology:\b \3apparently from Latin \Iseselis\i from Greek, assimilated to the woman's Christian name\c
<hw>cicerone</hw> \K/tSItS\F'\n"r\F'\nUni/, /sIs-/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bciceroni\b \Ipronunc.\i same) a guide who gives information about antiquities, places of interest, etc. to sightseers. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian, from Latin (see \J\XCiceronian\x)\j apparently alluding to the guides' eloquence and learning\c
<hw>Ciceronian</hw> \K/sIs\F'\n"r\F'\nUnI\F'\nn/\k \Iadj.\i (of language) eloquent, classical, or rhythmical, in the style of Cicero. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \ICiceronianus\i from Marcus Tullius \ICicero,\i Roman statesman and orator d. 43 bc\c
<hw>cichlid</hw> \K/"sIklId/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a tropical freshwater fish of the family Cichlidae, esp. of a kind kept in aquaria. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \ICichlidae\i from Greek \Ikikhle,\i a kind of fish\c
<hw>CID</hw> \Iabbr.\i \ICriminol\i (in the UK) Criminal Investigation Department.
<hw>-cide</hw> \K/sVId/\k \Isuffix\i forming nouns meaning:\p\B1\b a person or substance that kills \3(regicide;\c \2insecticide).\c\p\B2\b the killing of \3(infanticide;\c \2suicide).\c \BEtymology:\b \3French from Latin \I-cida\i (sense 1), \I-cidium\i (sense 2), from \Icaedere\i 'kill'\c
<hw>cider</hw> \K/"sVId\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \BBrit.\b \Bcyder)\b \IDrink\i\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b an alcoholic drink made from fermented apple juice.\p\B2\b (in full \Bapple cider)\b \BN. Amer.\b a cloudy usu. unfermented drink made from crushing apples. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Isidre,\i ultimately from Hebrew \IÜekar\i 'strong drink'\c
<hw>cider press</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IDrink\i a press for crushing apples to make cider.
\B\Ici-devant\b\i \K/si:d\F'\n"vQ~/, French /sidvA~/\k \Iadj. & adv.\i that has been (with person's earlier name or status); former or formerly. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = heretofore\c
<hw>CIE</hw> \Iabbr.\i \Ihist.\i Companion (of the Order) of the Indian Empire.
<hw>c.i.f.</hw> \Iabbr.\i \ICommerce\i cost, insurance, freight (as being included in a price).
<hw>cigala</hw> \K/sI"gA:l\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i = \J\Xcicada\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icigale,\i Italian & Provenτal \Icigala\i from Latin \Icicada\i\c
<hw>cigar</hw> \K/sI"gA:/\k\p\In.\i\pa cylinder of tobacco rolled in tobacco leaves for smoking. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icigare\i or Spanish \Icigarro\i\c
<hw>cigarette</hw> \K/sIg\F'\n"rEt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Bcigaret)\b\p\B1\b a thin cylinder of finely cut tobacco rolled in paper for smoking.\p\B2\b a similar cylinder containing a narcotic, herbs, or a medicated substance. \BEtymology:\b \3French, diminutive of \Icigare\i \J\Xcigar\x\j\c
<hw>cigarette card</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b a small picture card of a kind formerly included in a packet of cigarettes.
<hw>cigarette end</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b the unsmoked remainder of a cigarette.
<hw>cigarillo</hw> \K/sIg\F'\n"rIl\F'\nU/, /-lj\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b a small cigar. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish, diminutive of \Icigarro\i \J\Xcigar\x\j\c
<hw>CIGS</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IMil\i \Ihist.\i Chief of the Imperial General Staff.
<hw>ciliary</hw> \K/"sIlI\F'\nri/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IBiol.\i of or relating to cilia.\p\B2\b \IAnat.\i \Ba\b of or relating to the eyelids or eyelashes. \Bb\b of or denoting the part of the eye \B(ciliary body)\b connecting the iris to the choroid, and the muscle in it which controls the shape of the lens.
<hw>ciliate</hw> \K/"sIlIeIt/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IAnat.\i \Iadj.\i having cilia.\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a protozoan with cilia, of the phylum Ciliophora.\Knew as hwd f. NSOED Aug 93\k
<hw>cilice</hw> \K/"sIlIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ITextiles\i haircloth.\p\B2\b \IClothing\i a garment of this. \BEtymology:\b \3French via Latin \Icilicium\i from Greek \Ikilikion,\i from \IKilikia,\i the Greek name of Cilicia in Asia Minor\c
<hw>cilium</hw> \K/"sIlI\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bcilia\b \K/-lI\F'\n/\k)\p\B1\b \IAnat.\i & \IBiol.\i a short minute hairlike vibrating structure occurring, usu. in large numbers, on the surface of some cells, causing currents in the surrounding fluid or, in some small organisms, providing propulsion.\p\B2\b an eyelash. \Bciliated\b \Iadj.\i \Bciliation\b \K/-"eIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = eyelash\c
<hw>cinch</hw> \K/sIn(t)S/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Icolloq.\i \Ba\b a sure thing; a certainty. \Bb\b an easy task.\p\B2\b a firm hold.\p\B3\b a girth for a saddle or pack, used in Mexico and the western US. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b tighten as with a cinch \3(cinched at the waist with a belt).\c \Bb\b secure a grip on.\p\B2\b \Islang\i make certain of.\p\B3\b \Besp. US\b fix (a saddle etc.) securely by means of a girth; put a cinch on (a horse). \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish \Icincha\i\c
<hw>cinchona</hw> \K/sIN"k\F'\nUn\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBot\i \Ba\b any evergreen tree or shrub of the S. American genus \ICinchona,\i of the madder family, having fragrant flowers. \Bb\b (in full \Bcinchona bark)\b the bark of this tree, containing quinine.\p\B2\b \IPharm\i any drug from this bark formerly used as a tonic and to stimulate the appetite. \Bcinchonic\b \K/-"kQnIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Bcinchonine\b \K/"sINk\F'\nni:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin, named after a Countess of \IChinch≤n\i d. 1641, who introduced the drug into Spain\c
<hw>cincture</hw> \K/"sINktS\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Iliterary\i a girdle, belt, or border.\p\B2\b \IArchit.\i a ring at either end of a column shaft. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icinctura\i from \Icingere cinct-\i 'gird'\c
<hw>cinder</hw> \K/"sInd\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the residue of coal or wood etc. that has stopped giving off flames but still has combustible matter in it.\p\B2\b slag.\p\B3\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i ashes.\p\1burnt to a cinder\c made useless by burning. \Bcindery\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Isinder\i from Germanic, assimilated to the unconnected French \Icendre\i and Latin \Icinis\i 'ashes': cf. \J\Xsinter\x\j\c
<hw>Cinderella</hw> \K/sInd\F'\n"rEl\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person or thing of unrecognized or disregarded merit or beauty.\p\B2\b a neglected or despised member of a group. \BEtymology:\b \3the name of a girl in a fairy tale\c
<hw>cinema</hw> \K/"sInIm\F'\n/, /-mA:/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICinematog\i\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b a theatre where motion-picture films (see \J\Xfilm\x\p\In.\i\p3)\j are shown.\p\B2\b \Ba\b films collectively. \Bb\b the production of films as an art or industry; cinematography. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IcinΘma:\i see \J\Xcinematograph\x\j\c
<hw>cinema organ</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMus.\i a kind of organ with extra stops and special effects.
<hw>cinematheque</hw> \K/sInIm\F'\n"tEk/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a film library or archive.\p\B2\b \ICinematog\i a small cinema. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IcinΘmathΦque\i (as \J\Xcinema\x),\j after \IbibliothΦque\i 'library'\c
<hw>cinematic</hw> \K/sInI"matIk/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b having the qualities characteristic of the cinema.\p\B2\b \ICinematog\i of or relating to the cinema. \Bcinematically\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>cinematograph</hw> \K/sInI"mat\F'\ngrA:f/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bkinematograph\b \K/kIn-/\k) \Besp. Brit.\b \ICinematog\i \Ihist.\i an apparatus for making or showing motion-picture films. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IcinΘmatographe\i from Greek \Ikinema -atos\i 'movement', from \Ikineo\i 'move'\c
<hw>cinematography</hw> \K/sInIm\F'\n"tQgr\F'\nfi/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICinematog\i the art of making motion-picture films. \Bcinematographer\b\p\In.\i\p\Bcinematographic\b \K/-mat\F'\n"grafIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Bcinematographically\b \K/-mat\F'\n"grafIk(\F'\n)li/\k \Iadv.\i
\B\IcinΘma-vΘritΘ\b\i \K/%sInIm\F'\n"vErIteI/, French /sinemaverite/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICinematog.\i\p\B1\b the art or process of making realistic (esp. documentary) films which avoid artificiality and artistic effect.\p\B2\b such films collectively. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = cinema truth\c
<hw>cinephile</hw> \K/"sInIfVIl/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICinematog\i a person who is fond of the cinema.\Knew f. corpus, incomings Mar 94\k
<hw>cineraria</hw> \K/sIn\F'\n"rE:rI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a plant, Pericallis cruenta (daisy family), cultivated for its bright flowers. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin former genus name, fem. of Latin \Icinerarius\i 'of ashes' from \Icinis -eris\i 'ashes', from the ash-coloured down on the leaves\c
<hw>cinerarium</hw> \K/sIn\F'\n"rE:rI\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bcinerariums)\b a place where a cinerary urn is deposited. \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin, neut. of \Icinerarius:\i see \J\Xcineraria\x\j\c
<hw>cinerary</hw> \K/"sIn\F'\nr\F'\nri/\k \Iadj.\i of ashes. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icinerarius:\i see \J\Xcineraria\x\j\c
<hw>cinerary urn</hw>\p\In.\i\pan urn for holding the ashes after cremation.
<hw>cinereous</hw> \K/sI"nI\F'\nrI\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i \IZool\i (esp. of a bird or plumage) ash-grey. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icinereus\i from \Icinis -eris\i 'ashes'\c
\B\IcinΘ-vΘritΘ\b\i \K/sInI%vErIteI/, French /sineverite/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICinematog.\i = \J\XcinΘma-vΘritΘ\x.\j
<hw>cingulum</hw> \K/"sINgjUl\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bcingula\b \K/-l\F'\n/\k) \IAnat.\i a girdle, belt, or analogous structure, esp. a ridge surrounding the base of the crown of a tooth. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = belt\c
<hw>cinnabar</hw> \K/"sIn\F'\nbA:/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMineral\i a bright red mineral form of mercuric sulphide from which mercury is obtained.\p\B2\b vermilion.\p\B3\b \IZool\i a moth, Tyria jacobaeae, with red wing markings. \Iadj.\i bright red.\Kadj. new f. corpus Nov 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Latin \Icinnabaris\i from Greek \Ikinnabari,\i of oriental origin\c
<hw>cinnamon</hw> \K/"sIn\F'\nm\F'\nn/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ICookery\i an aromatic spice from the peeled, dried, and rolled bark of a SE Asian tree.\p\B2\b \IBot\i any tree of the genus \ICinnamomum,\i esp. C. zeylanicum, yielding the spice.\p\B3\b yellowish brown. \Iadj.\i of this colour.\Kadj. new f. corpus Nov 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icinnamome\i and Latin \Icinnamomum\i from Greek \Ikinnamomon,\i and Latin \Icinnamon\i from Greek \Ikinnamon,\i from Semitic (cf. Hebrew \Ikinnam⌠n)\i\c
<hw>cinque</hw> \K/sINk/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcinq)\b \IGames\i the five on dice. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icinc,\i \Icink\i from Latin \Iquinque\i 'five'\c
<hw>cinquecento</hw> \K/tSINkwI"tSEnt\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\IArt\i the style of Italian art and literature of the 16th c., with a reversion to classical forms. \Bcinquecentist\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Italian, = 500 (shortened from \Imilcinquecento\i '1500') used with reference to the years 1500-99\c
<hw>cinquefoil</hw> \K/"sINkfOIl/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBot\i a herbaceous plant of the genus \IPotentilla\i (rose family), with compound leaves of five leaflets.\p\B2\b \IArchit.\i a five-cusped ornament in a circle or arch. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Iquinquefolium,\i from \Iquinque\i 'five' + \Ifolium\i 'leaf'\c
<hw>Cinque Ports</hw> \K/sINk "pO:ts/\k \In.pl.\i \ICommerce Naut\i (in the UK) a group of ports (originally five only, Hastings, Sandwich, Dover, Romney, and Hythe, later also Rye and Winchelsea) on the SE coast of England with ancient privileges. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Icink porz,\i Latin \Iquinque portus\i 'five ports'\c
<hw>cion</hw> \BUS\b \Ivar. of\i \J\Xscion\x 1.\j
<hw>cipher</hw> \K/"sVIf\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i (also \Bcypher)\b\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a secret or disguised way of writing. \Bb\b a thing written in this way. \Bc\b the key to it.\p\B2\b \IMath\i the arithmetical symbol (0) denoting no amount but used to occupy a vacant place in decimal etc. numeration (as in 12.05).\p\B3\b a person or thing of no importance.\p\B4\b the interlaced initials of a person or company etc.; a monogram.\p\B5\b any Arabic numeral.\p\B6\b \IMus\i continuous sounding of an organ pipe, caused by a mechanical defect.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i put into secret writing, encipher.\p\B2\b \Ba\b \Itr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bout)\b\i work out by arithmetic, calculate. \Bb\b \Iintr.\i \Iarchaic\i do arithmetic. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, from Old French \Icif(f)re,\i ultimately from Arabic \Isifr\i \J\Xzero\x\j\c
<hw>cipolin</hw> \K/"sIp\F'\nlIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBuilding Mineral Archit\i an Italian white and green marble. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icipolin\i or Italian \Icipollino\i from \Icipolla\i 'onion'\c
<hw>circadian</hw> \K/s\F'\n:"keIdI\F'\nn/\k \Iadj.\i \IPhysiol.\i occurring or recurring about once per day. \BEtymology:\b \3formed irregularly from Latin \Icirca\i 'about' + \Idies\i 'day'\c
<hw>circinate</hw> \K/"s\F'\n:sIn\F'\nt/, /-eIt/\k \Iadj.\i \IBot.\i & \IZool.\i rolled up with the apex in the centre, e.g. of young fronds of ferns. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icircinatus,\i past part. of \Icircinare\i 'make round', from \Icircinus\i 'pair of compasses'\c
<hw>circle</hw> \K/"s\F'\n:k(\F'\n)l/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IGeom\i \Ba\b a round plane figure whose circumference is everywhere equidistant from its centre. \Bb\b the line enclosing a circle.\p\B2\b a roundish enclosure or structure.\p\B3\b a ring.\p\B4\b \ITheatr\i a curved upper tier of seats in a theatre etc. \3(dress circle).\c\p\B5\b a circular route.\p\B6\b \BUS\b = \J\Xcircus\x\p\In.\i\p3.\j\Ksense 6 new f. F. Abate Oct 94\k\p\B7\b \IArchaeol.\i a group of (usu. large embedded) stones arranged in a circle.\p\B8\b \IHockey\i = \J\Xstriking-circle\x.\j\p\B9\b persons grouped round a centre of interest.\p\B10\b a set or class or restricted group \3(literary circles;\c \2not done in the best circles).\c\p\B11\b a period or cycle \3(the circle of the year).\c\p\B12\b (in full \Bvicious circle)\b \Ba\b an unbroken sequence of reciprocal cause and effect. \Bb\b an action and reaction that intensify each other \I(cf.\i \J\Xvirtuous circle\x).\j \Bc\b \ILogic\i the fallacy of proving a proposition from another which depends on the first for its own proof.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bround,\b \Babout)\b\i move in a circle.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b revolve round. \Bb\b form a circle round.\p\Bcircle back\b move in a wide loop towards the starting point.\p\1come full circle\c return to the starting point.\p\1go round in circles\c make no progress despite effort.\p\1run round in circles\c \Icolloq.\i be fussily busy with little result.\Kcircler omitted Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icercle\i from Latin \Icirculus,\i diminutive of \Icircus\i 'ring'\c
<hw>circlet</hw> \K/"s\F'\n:klIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a small circle.\p\B2\b a circular band, esp. of gold or jewelled etc., as an ornament.
<hw>circlip</hw> \K/"s\F'\n:klIp/\k\p\In.\i\pa metal ring sprung into a slot or groove in a bar etc. to hold a thing in place.\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3blend of \J\Xcircle\x,\j \J\Xcircular\x,\j etc. and \J\Xclip\x (1)\p\In.\i\p1\j\c
<hw>circuit</hw> \K/"s\F'\n:kIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a line or course enclosing an area; the distance round. \Bb\b the area enclosed.\p\B2\b \IElectr.\i \Ba\b the path of a current. \Bb\b the apparatus through which a current passes.\p\B3\b \ILaw\i \Ba\b the journey of a judge in a particular district to hold courts. \Bb\b this district. \Bc\b the lawyers following a circuit.\p\B4\b \ITheatr\i a chain of theatres or cinemas etc. under a single management.\p\B5\b \BBrit.\b \ISport\i a motor racing track.\p\B6\b \ISport\i \Ba\b a sequence of sporting events \3(the US tennis circuit).\c \Bb\b a sequence of athletic exercises.\p\B7\b a roundabout journey.\p\B8\b \IEccl.\i \Ba\b a group of local Methodist Churches forming a minor administrative unit. \Bb\b the journey of an itinerant minister within this.\p\B9\b an itinerary or route followed by an entertainer, politician, etc.; a sphere of operation \3(election circuit;\c \2cabaret circuit).\c\Ksense 9 new in COD9 f. POD Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Icircuitus,\i from \J\Xcircum-\x\j + \Iire it-\i 'go'\c
<hw>circuit board</hw>\p\In.\i\pa thin rigid board containing an electric circuit, esp. = \J\Xprinted circuit\x.\j\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED Aug 93\k
<hw>circuit-breaker</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IElectr\i an automatic device for stopping the flow of current in an electric circuit.
<hw>circuitous</hw> \K/s\F'\n:"kju:It\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b indirect (and usu. long).\p\B2\b going a long way round. \Bcircuitously\b \Iadv.\i \Bcircuitousness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Icircuitosus\i from \Icircuitus\i \J\Xcircuit\x\j\c
<hw>circuitry</hw> \K/"s\F'\n:kItri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IElectr\i\p\B1\b a system of electric circuits.\p\B2\b the equipment forming this.
<hw>circular</hw> \K/"s\F'\n:kjUl\F'\n/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b having the form of a circle. \Bb\b moving or taking place along a circle \3(circular tour).\c\p\B2\b \ILogic\i (of reasoning) depending on a vicious circle.\p\B3\b (of a letter or advertisement etc.) for distribution to a large number of people.\p\In.\i\pa circular letter, leaflet, etc. \Bcircularity\b \K/-"larIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bcircularly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Anglo-French \Icirculer,\i Old French \Icirculier,\i \Icerclier,\i via Late Latin \Icircularis\i from Latin \Icirculus\i \J\Xcircle\x\j\c
<hw>circularize</hw> \K/"s\F'\n:kjUl\F'\nrVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b\p\B1\b distribute circulars to.\p\B2\b \BUS\b seek opinions of (people) by means of a questionnaire. \Bcircularization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>circular saw</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICarpentry Tools\i a power saw with a rapidly rotating toothed disc.
<hw>circulate</hw> \K/"s\F'\n:kjUleIt/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i go round from one place or person etc. to the next and so on; be in circulation.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b cause to go round; put into circulation. \Bb\b give currency to (a report etc.). \Bc\b circularize.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i be actively sociable at a party, gathering, etc. \Bcirculative\b \Iadj.\i \Bcirculator\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icirculare circulat-\i from \Icirculus\i \J\Xcircle\x\j\c
<hw>circulating library</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBibliog.\i \Ihist.\i a small library with books lent for a small fee to subscribers.\Khist. label added f. corpus evidence Dec 94\k
<hw>circulating medium</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IEcon Commerce\i notes or gold etc. used in exchange.
<hw>circulation</hw> \K/s\F'\n:kjU"leIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b movement to and fro, or from and back to a starting point, esp. of a fluid in a confined area or circuit. \Bb\b \IAnat\i the movement of blood to and from the tissues of the body. \Bc\b a similar movement of sap etc.\p\B2\b \Ba\b the transmission or distribution (of news or information or books etc.). \Bb\b the number of copies sold, esp. of journals and newspapers.\p\B3\b \IEcon Commerce\i \Ba\b currency, coin, etc. \Bb\b the movement or exchange of this in a country etc.\p\1in (or out of) circulation\c participating (or not participating) in activities etc. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icirculation\i or Latin \Icirculatio,\i from \Icirculare\i \J\Xcirculate\x\j\c
<hw>circulatory</hw> \K/"s\F'\n:kjUl\F'\nt(\F'\n)ri/, /s\F'\n:kjU"leIt(\F'\n)ri/\k \Iadj.\i \IAnat Bot\i of or relating to the circulation of blood or sap.
<hw>circum-</hw> \K/"s\F'\n:k\F'\nm/\k \Iprefix\i round, about, around, used:\p\B1\b adverbially \3(circumambient;\c \2circumfuse).\c\p\B2\b prepositionally \3(circumlunar;\c \2circumocular).\c \BEtymology:\b \3from or suggested by Latin \Icircum\i prep. = round, about\c
<hw>circumambient</hw> \K/s\F'\n:k\F'\nm"ambI\F'\nnt/\k \Iadj.\i (esp. of air or another fluid) surrounding. \Bcircumambience\b\p\In.\i\p\Bcircumambiency\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>circumambulate</hw> \K/s\F'\n:k\F'\nm"ambjUleIt/\k \Iv.tr. & intr.\i \Iformal\i walk round or about. \Bcircumambulation\b \K/-"leIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bcircumambulatory\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xcircum-\x\j + \Iambulate\i from Latin \Iambulare\i 'walk'\c
<hw>circumcircle</hw> \K/"s\F'\n:k\F'\nms\F'\n:k(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeom.\i a circle touching all the vertices of a triangle or polygon.
<hw>circumcise</hw> \K/"s\F'\n:k\F'\nmsVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i \IRelig Anat\i\p\B1\b cut off the foreskin of, as a Jewish or Muslim rite or a surgical operation.\p\B2\b cut off the clitoris (and sometimes the labia) of, as a traditional practice among some peoples.\p\B3\b \IBibl.\i purify (the heart etc.). \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Icircumcidere circumcis-\i (as \J\Xcircum-\x,\j \Icaedere\i 'cut')\c
<hw>circumcision</hw> \K/s\F'\n:k\F'\nm"sIZ(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig Anat\i\p\B1\b the act or rite of circumcising or being circumcised.\p\B2\b \B(Circumcision)\b \IEccl.\i the feast of the Circumcision of Christ, 1 Jan. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icirconcision\i from Late Latin \Icircumcisio\i \I-onis\i (as \J\Xcircumcise\x)\j\c
<hw>circumference</hw> \K/s\F'\n"kVmf(\F'\n)r(\F'\n)ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeom\i\p\B1\b the enclosing boundary, esp. of a circle or other figure enclosed by a curve.\p\B2\b the distance round. \Bcircumferential\b \K/-"rEnS(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Bcircumferentially\b \K/-"rEnS(\F'\n)li/\k \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icirconference\i from Latin \Icircumferentia\i (as \J\Xcircum-\x,\j \Iferre\i 'bear')\c
<hw>circumflex</hw> \K/"s\F'\n:k\F'\nmflEks/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p(in full \Bcircumflex accent)\b \IPhonet\i a mark (ê or ê) placed over a vowel in some languages to indicate a contraction, length, or a special quality. \Iadj.\i \IAnat.\i curved, bending round something else \3(circumflex nerve).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icircumflexus\i (as \J\Xcircum-\x,\j \Iflectere flex-\i 'bend'), translation of Greek \Iperispomenos\i 'drawn around'\c\Kcer\k
<hw>circumlocution</hw> \K/s\F'\n:k\F'\nml\F'\n"kju:S(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILinguistics\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a roundabout expression. \Bb\b evasive talk.\p\B2\b the use of many words where fewer would do; verbosity. \Bcircumlocutional\b \Iadj.\i \Bcircumlocutionary\b \Iadj.\i \Bcircumlocutionist\b\p\In.\i\p\Bcircumlocutory\b \K/-"lQkjUt(\F'\n)ri/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from French \Icircumlocution\i or Latin \Icircumlocutio\i (as \J\Xcircum-\x,\j \J\Xlocution\x),\j translation of Greek \J\Xperiphrasis\x\j\c
<hw>circumlunar</hw> \K/s\F'\n:k\F'\nm"lu:n\F'\n/\k \Iadj.\i \IAstrol\i moving or situated around the moon.
<hw>circumpolar</hw> \K/s\F'\n:k\F'\nm"p\F'\nUl\F'\n/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IGeog.\i around or near one of the earth's poles.\p\B2\b \IAstron.\i (of a star or motion etc.) above the horizon at all times in a given latitude.
<hw>circumscribe</hw> \K/"s\F'\n:k\F'\nmskrVIb/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b (of a line etc.) enclose or outline.\p\B2\b lay down the limits of; confine, restrict.\p\B3\b \IGeom.\i draw (a figure) round another, touching it at points but not cutting it \I(cf.\i \J\Xinscribe\x 4).\j \Bcircumscribable\b \K/-"skrVIb\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Bcircumscriber\b\p\In.\i\p\Bcircumscription\b \K/-"skrIpS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icircumscribere\i (as \J\Xcircum-\x,\j \Iscribere script-\i 'write')\c
<hw>circumsolar</hw> \K/s\F'\n:k\F'\nm"s\F'\nUl\F'\n/\k \Iadj.\i \IAstron\i moving or situated around or near the sun.
<hw>circumspect</hw> \K/"s\F'\n:k\F'\nmspEkt/\k \Iadj.\i wary, cautious; taking everything into account. \Bcircumspection\b \K/-"spEkS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bcircumspectly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Icircumspicere circumspect-\i (as \J\Xcircum-\x,\j \Ispecere spect-\i 'look')\c
<hw>circumstance</hw> \K/"s\F'\n:k\F'\nmst(\F'\n)ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a fact, occurrence, or condition, esp. \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i the time, place, manner, cause, occasion, etc., or surroundings of an act or event. \Bb\b \I(in \Bpl.,\b or \Bsing.\b as non-count noun)\i the external conditions that affect or might affect an action \3(a victim of circumstance(s).\c\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Bthat\b + clause)\i an incident, occurrence, or fact, as needing consideration \3(the circumstance that he left early).\c\p\B3\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i one's state of financial or material welfare \3(in reduced circumstances).\c\p\B4\b ceremony, fuss \3(pomp and circumstance).\c\p\B5\b full detail in a narrative \3(told it with much circumstance).\c\p\1in (or under) the (or these) circumstances\c the state of affairs being what it is.\p\1in (or under) no circumstances\c not at all; never. \Bcircumstanced\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Icirconstance\i or Latin \Icircumstantia\i (as \J\Xcircum-\x,\j \Istantia\i from \Istare\i 'stand': see \J\X-ance\x)\j\c
<hw>circumstantial</hw> \K/s\F'\n:k\F'\nm"stanS(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b given in full detail \3(a circumstantial account).\c\p\B2\b \ILaw\i (of evidence, a legal case, etc.) tending to establish a conclusion by inference from known facts hard to explain otherwise.\p\B3\b \Ba\b depending on circumstances. \Bb\b adventitious, incidental. \Bcircumstantiality\b \K/-SI"alIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bcircumstantially\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icircumstantia:\i see \J\Xcircumstance\x\j\c
<hw>circumterrestrial</hw> \K/s\F'\n:k\F'\nmt\F'\n"rEstrI\F'\nl/\k \Iadj.\i \IGeog\i moving or situated around the earth.
<hw>circumvallate</hw> \K/s\F'\n:k\F'\nm"valeIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i surround with or as with a rampart. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icircumvallare circumvallat-\i (as \J\Xcircum-\x,\j \Ivallare\i from \Ivallum\i 'rampart')\c
<hw>circumvent</hw> \K/s\F'\n:k\F'\nm"vEnt/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b evade (a difficulty); find a way round. \Bb\b baffle, outwit.\p\B2\b entrap (an enemy) by surrounding. \Bcircumvention\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icircumvenire circumvent-\i (as \J\Xcircum-\x,\j \Ivenire\i 'come')\c
<hw>circumvolution</hw> \K/s\F'\n:k\F'\nmv\F'\n"lu:S(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b rotation.\p\B2\b the winding of one thing round another.\p\B3\b a sinuous movement. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Icircumvolvere circumvolut-\i (as \J\Xcircum-\x,\j \Ivolvere\i 'roll')\c
<hw>circus</hw> \K/"s\F'\n:k\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bcircuses)\b\p\B1\b \ITheatr\i a travelling show of performing animals, acrobats, clowns, etc.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i \Ba\b a scene of lively action; a disturbance. \Bb\b a group of people in a common activity, esp. sport.\p\B3\b \BBrit.\b \IArchit\i a rounded open space in a town, where several streets converge \3(Piccadilly Circus).\c\p\B4\b \IGeog\i a circular hollow surrounded by hills.\p\B5\b \IRom. Antiq.\i \Ba\b a rounded or oval arena with tiers of seats, for equestrian and other sports and games. \Bb\b a performance given there \3(bread and circuses).\c\p\B6\b \B(the Circus)\b \Islang\i the British secret service.\Ksense 6 new in COD9 f. NSOED Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = ring\c
<hw>cirΘ</hw> \K/"si:reI/\k \In. & adj.\i \ITextiles\i\p\In.\i\pa fabric with a smooth shiny surface obtained esp. by waxing and heating. \Iadj.\i having such a surface. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = waxed\c
\B\Icire perdue\b\i \K/sI\F'\n p\F'\n:"dju:/, French /sir pErdy/\k\p\In.\i\p\IArt\i a method of bronze-casting using a clay core and a wax coating placed in a mould: the wax is melted in the mould and bronze poured into the space left, producing a hollow bronze figure when the core is discarded. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = lost wax\c
<hw>cirque</hw> \K/s\F'\n:k/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IGeol.\i a deep bowl-shaped hollow at the head of a valley or on a mountainside.\p\B2\b \Ipoet.\i \Ba\b a ring. \Bb\b an amphitheatre or arena. \BEtymology:\b \3French, from Latin \J\Xcircus\x\j\c
<hw>cirrhosis</hw> \K/sI"r\F'\nUsIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed.\i a chronic disease of the liver marked by the degeneration of cells, inflammation, and the fibrous thickening of tissue, as a result of alcoholism, hepatitis, etc. \Bcirrhotic\b \K/sI"rQtIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin, from Greek \Ikirrhos\i 'tawny'\c
<hw>cirriped</hw> \K/"sIrIpEd/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcirripede\b \K/"sIrIpi:d/\k) \IZool\i any marine crustacean of the class Cirripedia, which comprises the barnacles. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \ICirripedia,\i from Latin \Icirrus\i 'curl' (from the form of the legs) + \Ipes pedis\i 'foot'\c
<hw>cirro-</hw> \K/"sIr\F'\nU/\k \Icomb. form\i \IMeteorol\i denoting cloud types formed at high altitudes (above 6 km or 20,000 feet). \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xcirrus\x\j\c
<hw>cirrocumulus</hw> \K/sIr\F'\nU"kju:mjUl\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMeteorol.\i cloud forming a broken layer of small fleecy clouds at high altitude, as in a mackerel sky.\Knew f. OERD April 94\k
<hw>cirrostratus</hw> \K/sIr\F'\nU"strA:t\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMeteorol.\i cloud forming a thin, fairly uniform layer at high altitude.\Knew f. OERD April 94\k
<hw>cirrus</hw> \K/"sIr\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bcirri\b \K/-rVI/\k)\p\B1\b \IMeteorol.\i \Ba\b cloud formed at high altitude as delicate white wisps. \Bb\b a cloud of this type.\p\B2\b \IBot.\i a tendril.\p\B3\b \IZool.\i a long slender appendage or filament. \Bcirrose\b \Iadj.\i \Bcirrous\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = curl\c
<hw>CIS</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IPolit.\i Commonwealth of Independent States (consisting of countries of the former Soviet Union).\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED Aug 93\k
<hw>cis-</hw> \K/sIs/\k \Iprefix\i \I(opp.\i \J\Xtrans-\x\j or \J\Xultra-\x).\j\p\B1\b on this side of; on the side nearer to the speaker or writer \3(cisatlantic).\c\p\B2\b \IRom. Antiq.\i on the Roman side of \3(cisalpine).\c\p\B3\b (of time) closer to the present \3(cis-Elizabethan).\c\p\B4\b \IChem.\i (of an isomer) having two atoms or groups on the same side of a given plane in the molecule. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icis\i 'on this side of'\c
<hw>cisalpine</hw> \K/sIs"alpVIn/\k \Iadj.\i \IGeog\i on the southern side of the Alps.
<hw>cisatlantic</hw> \K/sIs\F'\nt"lantIk/\k \Iadj.\i \IGeog\i on this side of the Atlantic.
<hw>cisco</hw> \K/"sIsk\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-oes)\b \IZool\i any of various N. American freshwater whitefish of the genus \ICoregonus.\i \BEtymology:\b \319th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>cislunar</hw> \K/sIs"lu:n\F'\n/\k \Iadj.\i \IGeog Astron\i between the earth and the moon.
<hw>cispontine</hw> \K/sIs"pQntVIn/\k \Iadj.\i \Iarchaic\i \IGeog\i on the north (originally the better-known) side of the Thames in London. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xcis-\x\j + Latin \Ipons pont-\i 'bridge'\c
<hw>cissy</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xsissy\x.\j
<hw>cist (1)</hw> \K/sIst/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bkist\b \K/kIst/\k) \IArchaeol.\i a coffin or burial chamber made from stone or a hollowed tree. \BEtymology:\b \3Welsh, = \J\Xchest\x\j\c
<hw>cist (2)</hw> \K/sIst/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGk Antiq.\i a box used for sacred utensils. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icista\i from Greek \Ikiste\i 'box'\c
<hw>Cistercian</hw> \K/sI"st\F'\n:S(\F'\n)n/\k \In. & adj.\i \IRelig\i\p\In.\i\pa monk or nun of an order founded in 1098 as a stricter branch of the Benedictines. \Iadj.\i of the Cistercians. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icistercien\i from \ICistercium,\i the Latin name of Cεteaux near Dijon in France, where the order was founded\c
<hw>cistern</hw> \K/"sIst\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPlumbing\i a tank for storing water, esp. supplying taps or as part of a flushing lavatory.\p\B2\b an underground reservoir for rainwater. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icisterne\i from Latin \Icisterna\i (as \J\Xcist\x (2))\j\c
<hw>cistus</hw> \K/"sIst\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i any shrub of the genus \ICistus,\i with large white or red flowers. \IAlso called\i \J\Xrock rose\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin, from Greek \Ikistos\i\c
<hw>citadel</hw> \K/"sIt\F'\nd(\F'\n)l/, /-dEl/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMil\i a fortress, usu. on high ground protecting or dominating a city.\p\B2\b \IRelig\i a meeting hall of the Salvation Army. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icitadelle\i or Italian \Icitadella,\i ultimately from Latin \Icivitas -tatis\i 'city'\c
<hw>citation</hw> \K/sVI"teIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the citing of a book or other source; a passage cited.\p\B2\b a mention in an official dispatch.\p\B3\b a note accompanying an award, describing the reasons for it.
<hw>cite</hw> \K/sVIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b adduce as an instance.\p\B2\b quote (a passage, book, or author) in support of an argument etc.\p\B3\b mention in an official dispatch.\p\B4\b summon to appear in a law court. \Bcitable\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via French from Latin \Icitare,\i from \Iciere\i 'set moving'\c
<hw>CITES</hw> \K/"sVIti:z/\k \Iabbr.\i Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species.\Knew f. Incs, corpus Oct 94\k
<hw>citified</hw> \K/"sItIfVId/\k \Iadj.\i (also \Bcityfied)\b \Iusu. derog.\i city-like or urban in appearance or behaviour.
<hw>citizen</hw> \K/"sItIz(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPolit\i a member of a state or commonwealth, either native or naturalized \3(British citizen).\c\p\B2\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bof)\b\i \Ba\b an inhabitant of a city. \Bb\b a freeman of a city.\p\B3\b \BUS\b a civilian. \Bcitizenhood\b\p\In.\i\p\Bcitizenry\b\p\In.\i\p\Bcitizenship\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Anglo-French \Icitesein,\i Old French \Iciteain,\i ultimately from Latin \Icivitas -tatis\i 'city': cf. \J\Xdenizen\x\j\c
<hw>citizen of the world</hw>\p\In.\i\pa person who is at home anywhere; a cosmopolitan.
<hw>Citizens' Advice Bureau</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ISociol\i (in the UK) an office at which the public can receive free advice and information on civil matters.
<hw>citizen's arrest</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i an arrest by an ordinary person without a warrant, allowable in certain cases.
<hw>citizens' band</hw>\p\In.\i\pa system of local intercommunication by individuals on special radio frequencies.
<hw>Citizen's Charter</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPolit.\i a document, esp. a British government document of 1991, guaranteeing citizens the right of redress where a public service fails to meet certain standards.\Knew in COD9 f. News, corpus Mar 94\k
<hw>citole</hw> \K/sI"t\F'\nUl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMus\i \Ihist.\i a musical instrument akin to the lute, a precursor of the cittern. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French: related to \J\Xcittern\x\j with diminutive suffix\c
<hw>citrate</hw> \K/"sItreIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i a salt or ester of citric acid.\Knew from NSOED, Coll. Nov 93\k
<hw>citric</hw> \K/"sItrIk/\k \Iadj.\i \IBot\i derived from citrus fruit. \Bcitrate\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Icitrique\i from Latin \Icitrus\i 'citron'\c
<hw>citric acid</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBiochem Chem\i a sharp-tasting water-soluble organic acid found in the juice of lemons and other sour fruits and used as a flavouring and setting agent.
<hw>citrine</hw> \K/"sItrIn/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i lemon-coloured.\p\In.\i\p\IMineral\i a transparent yellow variety of quartz; \Ialso called\i \Ifalse topaz.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Icitrin\i (as \J\Xcitrus\x)\j\c
<hw>citron</hw> \K/"sItr(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b a shrubby tree, Citrus medica, bearing large lemon-like fruits with thick fragrant peel.\p\B2\b this fruit. \BEtymology:\b \3French from Latin \J\Xcitrus\x,\j on the pattern of \Ilimon\i 'lemon'\c
<hw>citronella</hw> \K/sItr\F'\n"nEl\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBot\i any fragrant grass of the genus \ICymbopogon,\i native to S. Asia.\p\B2\b \IChem\i the scented oil from these, used in insect repellent, and perfume and soap manufacture. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin, formed as \J\Xcitron\x\j + diminutive suffix\c
<hw>citrus</hw> \K/"sItr\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bcitruses)\b \IBot\i\p\B1\b any tree of the genus \ICitrus\i (rue family), including citron, lemon, lime, orange, and grapefruit.\p\B2\b (in full \Bcitrus fruit)\b \IFood\i a fruit from such a tree. \Bcitrous\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = citron tree or thuja\c
<hw>cittern</hw> \K/"sIt(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMus\i \Ihist.\i a wire-stringed lutelike instrument usu. played with a plectrum. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icithara,\i Greek \Ikithara,\i a kind of harp, assimilated to \J\Xgittern\x\j\c
<hw>city</hw> \K/"sIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b a large town. \Bb\b \BBrit.\b \IPolit\i (strictly) a town created a city by charter and containing a cathedral. \Bc\b \BUS\b a municipal state-chartered corporation occupying a definite area.\p\B2\b \B(the City)\b \BBrit.\b \ICommerce\i \Ba\b the part of London governed by the Lord Mayor and the Corporation. \Bb\b the business part of this. \Bc\b commercial circles; high finance.\p\B3\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i of a city or the City. \Bcityward\b \Iadj. & adv.\i \Bcitywards\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \IcitΘ\i from Latin \Icivitas -tatis,\i from \Icivis\i 'citizen'\c
<hw>City Company</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i (in the UK) a corporation descended from an ancient trade guild.
<hw>city desk</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IJournalism\i a department of a newspaper dealing \BBrit.\b with business news or \BN. Amer.\b with local news.
<hw>City editor</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IJournalism\i\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b the editor dealing with financial news in a newspaper or magazine.\p\B2\b \B(city editor)\b \BN. Amer.\b the editor dealing with local news.
<hw>city father</hw>\p\In.\i\p\I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i a person concerned with or experienced in the administration of a city.
<hw>cityfied</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xcitified\x.\j
<hw>city hall</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b \IPolit\i municipal offices or officers.
<hw>city manager</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b \IPolit\i (in some cities) an official directing the administration of a city.
<hw>city page</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IJournalism\i the part of a newspaper or magazine dealing with the financial and business news.
<hw>cityscape</hw> \K/"sItIskeIp/\k\p\In.\i\p\IArt\i\p\B1\b a view of a city (actual or depicted).\p\B2\b city scenery.
<hw>city slicker</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Iusu. derog.\i\p\B1\b a smart and sophisticated city dweller.\p\B2\b a plausible rogue as usu. found in cities.
<hw>city state</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Iesp. hist.\i a city that with its surrounding territory forms an independent state.
<hw>City Technology College</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IEducation\i a type of secondary school, set up mainly in towns and cities through partnerships between the Government and business and concentrating on technology and science.\Knew f. corpus Sept 94\k
<hw>civet</hw> \K/"sIvIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b (in full \Bcivet cat)\b \IZool\i a slender catlike animal of the family Viverridae, esp. Viverra civetta of central Africa, having well-developed anal scent glands.\p\B2\b \IChem\i a strong musky perfume obtained from the secretions of these scent glands. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icivette\i via Italian \Izibetto\i and medieval Latin \Izibethum\i from Arabic \Iazzabad,\i from \Ial\i 'the' + \Izabad\i = sense 2\c
<hw>civic</hw> \K/"sIvIk/\k \Iadj.\i \IPolit\i\p\B1\b of a city; municipal.\p\B2\b of or proper to citizens \3(civic virtues).\c\p\B3\b of citizenship, civil. \Bcivically\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icivique\i or Latin \Icivicus,\i from \Icivis\i 'citizen'\c
<hw>civic centre</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i the area in a town where municipal offices and other public buildings are situated; the buildings themselves.
<hw>civics</hw> \K/"sIvIks/\k \In.pl.\i \I(usu. treated as \Bsing.)\b\i \IEducation\i the study of the rights and duties of citizenship.
<hw>civil</hw> \K/"sIv(\F'\n)l/, /-Il/\k \Iadj.\i \IPolit\i\p\B1\b of or belonging to citizens.\p\B2\b of ordinary citizens and their concerns, as distinct from military or naval or ecclesiastical matters.\p\B3\b polite, obliging, not rude.\p\B4\b \ILaw\i relating to civil law, not criminal or political matters \3(civil court;\c \2civil lawyer).\c\p\B5\b (of the length of a day, year, etc.) fixed by custom or law, not natural or astronomical. \Bcivilly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Icivilis,\i from \Icivis\i 'citizen'\c
<hw>civil commotion</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ILaw\i a riot or similar disturbance.
<hw>civil defence</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i the organization and training of civilians for the protection of lives and property during and after attacks in wartime.
<hw>civil disobedience</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ILaw Polit\i the refusal to comply with certain laws or to pay taxes etc. as a peaceful form of political protest.
<hw>civil engineer</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IEngin\i an engineer who designs or maintains roads, bridges, dams, etc. \Bcivil engineering\b\p\In.\i\p\Kcivil engineering subsumed aaw Aug 92\k
<hw>civilian</hw> \K/sI"vIlj(\F'\n)n/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i a person not in the armed services or the police force. \Iadj.\i of or for civilians.
<hw>civilianize</hw> \K/sI"vIlj(\F'\n)nVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b \IPolit\i make civilian in character or function. \Bcivilianization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>civility</hw> \K/sI"vIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b politeness.\p\B2\b an act of politeness. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \IcivilitΘ\i from Latin \Icivilitas -tatis\i (as \J\Xcivil\x)\j\c
<hw>civilization</hw> \K/%sIvIlVI"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \B-isation)\b\p\B1\b an advanced stage or system of social development.\p\B2\b \IPeople\i those peoples of the world regarded as having this.\p\B3\b \IPeople\i a people or nation (esp. of the past) regarded as an element of social evolution \3(ancient civilizations;\c \2the Inca civilization).\c\p\B4\b making or becoming civilized.
<hw>civilize</hw> \K/"sIvIlVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b\p\B1\b bring out of a barbarous or primitive stage of society.\p\B2\b enlighten; refine and educate. \Bcivilizable\b \Iadj.\i \Bcivilizer\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Iciviliser\i (as \J\Xcivil\x)\j\c
<hw>civil law</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i\p\B1\b law concerning private rights \I(opp.\i \J\Xcriminal law\x).\j\p\B2\b Roman or non-ecclesiastical law, as of Quebec (in Canada), France, or Germany \I(cf.\i \J\Xcommon law\x).\j
<hw>civil liberty</hw>\p\In.\i\p\I(often in \Bpl.)\b\i \ILaw\i freedom of action and speech subject to the law. \Bcivil libertarian\b\p\In.\i\p\Kcivil libertarian subsumed Aug 92 aaw\k
<hw>Civil List</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i (in the UK) an annual allowance voted by Parliament for the royal family's household expenses.
<hw>civil marriage</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i a marriage solemnized as a civil contract without religious ceremony.
<hw>civil parish</hw> \Isee\i \J\Xparish\x 2.\j\Knew as hwd Sept 94\k
<hw>civil rights</hw> \In.pl.\i \IPolit\i the rights of citizens to political and social freedom and equality.
<hw>civil servant</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPolit.\i a member of the civil service.
<hw>civil service</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPolit.\i the permanent professional branches of State administration, excluding military and judicial branches and elected politicians.
<hw>civil state</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ISociol\i marital status; being single, married, or divorced, etc.
<hw>civil war</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i a war between citizens of the same country.
<hw>civil year</hw> \Isee\i \J\Xyear\x 2.\j
<hw>civvy</hw> \K/"sIvi/\k \In. & adj.\i \I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \Islang\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \IClothing Mil\i civilian clothes.\p\B2\b a civilian. \Iadj.\i civilian.\Ksense 2 and adj. new in COD9 f. NSOED Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation\c
<hw>Civvy Street</hw> \K/"sIvi/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IMil\i \Islang\i civilian life. \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation\c
<hw>CJ</hw> \Iabbr.\i \ILaw\i Chief Justice.
<hw>CJD</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IMed.\i Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.\Knew in COD9 f. incomings OEED Aug 93\k
<hw>Cl</hw> \Isymb.\i \IChem.\i the element chlorine.
<hw>clack</hw> \K/klak/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.intr.\i\p\B1\b make a sharp sound as of boards struck together.\p\B2\b chatter, esp. loudly.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a clacking sound.\p\B2\b clacking talk. \Bclacker\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, = to chatter, probably from Old Norse \Iklaka,\i of imitative origin\c
<hw>clad (1)</hw> \K/klad/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b clothed \I(often in \Bcomb.:\b\i \2leather-clad;\c \2scantily clad).\c\p\B2\b provided with cladding. \BEtymology:\b \3past part. of \J\Xclothe\x\j\c
<hw>clad (2)</hw> \K/klad/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(cladding;\b \Ipast\i and \Ipast part.\i \Bcladded\b or \Bclad)\b provide with cladding. \BEtymology:\b \3apparently from \J\Xclad\x (1)\j\c
<hw>cladding</hw> \K/"kladIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBuilding\i a covering or coating on a structure or material etc.
<hw>clade</hw> \K/kleId/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiol.\i a group of organisms evolved from a common ancestor. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iklados\i 'branch'\c
<hw>cladistics</hw> \K/kl\F'\n"dIstIks/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiol.\i a method of classification of animals and plants on the basis of those shared characteristics which are assumed to indicate common ancestry. \Bcladism\b \K/"kladIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bcladistic\b \Iadj.\i\Kcladistic new f. NSOED, Coll. Nov 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3as \J\Xclade\x\j + \J\X-ist\x\j + \J\X-ics\x\j\c
<hw>cladode</hw> \K/"kleId\F'\nUd/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot.\i a flattened leaflike stem. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ikladodes\i 'many-shooted', from \Iklados\i 'shoot'\c
<hw>cladogram</hw> \K/"kleId\F'\n(U)gram/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiol.\i a branching diagram showing the cladistic relationship between a number of species.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Nov 93\k
<hw>claim</hw> \K/kleIm/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \I(often foll. by \Bthat\b + clause)\i demand as one's due or property. \Bb\b \I(usu. \Babsol.)\b\i \ICommerce\i submit a request for payment under an insurance policy.\p\B2\b \Ba\b represent oneself as having or achieving \3(claim victory;\c \2claim accuracy).\c \Bb\b \I(foll. by \Bto\b + infin.)\i profess \3(claimed to be the owner).\c \Bc\b assert, contend \3(claim that one knows).\c\p\B3\b have as an achievement or a consequence \3(could then claim five wins;\c \2the fire claimed many victims).\c\p\B4\b (of a thing) deserve (one's attention etc.).\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a demand or request for something considered one's due \3(lay claim to;\c \2put in a claim).\c \Bb\b \ICommerce\i an application for compensation under the terms of an insurance policy.\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bto,\b \Bon)\b\i a right or title to a thing \3(his only claim to fame;\c \2have many claims on my time).\c\p\B3\b a contention or assertion.\p\B4\b a thing claimed.\p\B5\b a statement of the novel features in a patent.\p\B6\b \IMining\i a piece of land allotted or taken. \Bclaimable\b \Iadj.\i \Bclaimer\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iclaime\i (from \Iclamer\i 'call out') from Latin \Iclamare\i\c
<hw>claimant</hw> \K/"kleIm(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i a person making a claim, esp. in a lawsuit or for a state benefit.
<hw>clairaudience</hw> \K/klE:r"O:dI\F'\nns/\k\p\In.\i\pthe supposed faculty of perceiving, as if by hearing, what is inaudible. \Bclairaudient\b \Iadj. & n.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iclair\i \J\Xclear\x,\j + \J\Xaudience\x,\j on the pattern of \J\Xclairvoyance\x\j\c
<hw>clairvoyance</hw> \K/klE:"vOI\F'\nns/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the supposed faculty of perceiving things or events in the future or beyond normal sensory contact.\p\B2\b exceptional insight. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iclairvoyance,\i from \Iclair\i \J\Xclear\x\j + \Ivoir voy-\i 'see'\c
<hw>clairvoyant</hw> \K/klE:"vOI\F'\nnt/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\I(fem.\i \Bclairvoyante)\b a person having clairvoyance. \Iadj.\i having clairvoyance. \Bclairvoyantly\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>clam</hw> \K/klam/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool\i any bivalve mollusc, esp. the edible N. American hard or round clam (Venus mercenaria) or the soft or long clam (Mya arenaria).\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i a shy or withdrawn person. \Iv.intr.\i \B(clammed,\b \Bclamming)\b\p\B1\b dig for clams.\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bup)\b\i \Icolloq.\i refuse to talk. \BEtymology:\b \316th c.: apparently from \Iclam\i 'a clamp'\c
<hw>clamber</hw> \K/"klamb\F'\n/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.intr.\i climb with hands and feet, esp. with difficulty or laboriously.\p\In.\i\pa difficult climb. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, probably from \Iclamb,\i obsolete past tense of \J\Xclimb\x\j\c
<hw>clammy</hw> \K/"klami/\k \Iadj.\i \B(clammier,\b \Bclammiest)\b\p\B1\b unpleasantly damp and sticky or slimy.\p\B2\b \IMeteorol\i (of weather) cold and damp. \Bclammily\b \Iadv.\i \Bclamminess\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from \Iclam\i 'to daub'\c
<hw>clamour</hw> \K/"klam\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i \B(US\b \Bclamor)\b\p\In.\i\p\B1\b loud or vehement shouting or noise.\p\B2\b a protest or complaint; an appeal or demand.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i make a clamour.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i utter with a clamour. \Bclamorous\b \Iadj.\i \Bclamorously\b \Iadv.\i \Bclamorousness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Iclamor -oris,\i from \Iclamare\i 'cry out'\c
<hw>clamp (1)</hw> \K/klamp/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMech\i a device, esp. a brace or band of iron etc., for strengthening other materials or holding things together.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b a device for immobilizing an illegally parked car. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \IMech\i strengthen or fasten with a clamp.\p\B2\b place or hold firmly.\p\B3\b immobilize (an illegally parked car) by fixing a clamp to one of its wheels.\p\Bclamp down\b\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bon)\b\i be rigid in enforcing a rule etc.\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bon)\b\i try to suppress. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, probably from Middle Dutch, Middle Low German \Iklamp(e)\i\c
<hw>clamp (2)</hw> \K/klamp/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b \IAgriculture\i a heap of potatoes or other root vegetables stored under straw or earth.\p\B2\b a pile of bricks for firing.\p\B3\b a pile of turf or peat or garden rubbish etc. \BEtymology:\b \316th c.: probably from Dutch \Iklamp\i 'heap', related to \J\Xclump\x\j\c
<hw>clampdown</hw> \K/"klampdaUn/\k\p\In.\i\pan act of clamping down or trying to suppress.
<hw>clamshell</hw> \K/"klamSEl/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the shell of a clam, formed of two roughly equal valves with a hinge.\p\B2\b a thing with a lid or opening section resembling this, e.g. a kind of mechanical digger, a hatch in an aircraft, a portable computer, a box for takeaway food.\Knew f. incomings April 94\k
<hw>clan</hw> \K/klan/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISociol\i\p\B1\b a group of people with a common ancestor, esp. in the Scottish Highlands.\p\B2\b a large family as a social group.\p\B3\b a group with a strong common interest.\p\B4\b \IBiol\i \Ba\b a genus, species, or class. \Bb\b a family or group of animals, e.g. elephants. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Gaelic \Iclann\i from Latin \Iplanta\i 'sprout'\c
<hw>clandestine</hw> \K/klan"dEstIn/, /"klandEstIn/\k \Iadj.\i surreptitious, secret. \Bclandestinely\b \Iadv.\i \Bclandestinity\b \K/-"tInIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Iclandestin\i or Latin \Iclandestinus,\i from \Iclam\i 'secretly'\c
<hw>clang</hw> \K/klaN/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\pa loud resonant metallic sound as of a bell or hammer etc.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i make a clang.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i cause to clang. \BEtymology:\b \3imitative: influenced by Latin \Iclangere\i 'resound'\c
<hw>clanger</hw> \K/"klaN\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Besp. Brit.\b \Islang\i a mistake or blunder.\p\1drop a clanger\c commit a conspicuous indiscretion.
<hw>clangour</hw> \K/"klaNg\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Bclangor)\b\p\B1\b a prolonged or repeated clanging noise.\p\B2\b an uproar or commotion. \Bclangorous\b \Iadj.\i \Bclangorously\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iclangor\i 'noise of trumpets etc.'\c
<hw>clank</hw> \K/klaNk/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\pa sound as of heavy pieces of metal meeting or a chain rattling.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i make a clanking sound.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i cause to clank. \Bclankingly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3imitative: cf. \J\Xclang\x,\j \J\Xclink\x (1),\j Dutch \Iklank\i\c
<hw>clannish</hw> \K/"klanIS/\k \Iadj.\i usu. \Iderog.\i\p\B1\b (of a family or group) tending to hold together.\p\B2\b of or like a clan. \Bclannishly\b \Iadv.\i \Bclannishness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>clanship</hw> \K/"klanSIp/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISociol\i\p\B1\b a patriarchal system of clans.\p\B2\b loyalty to one's clan.
<hw>clansman</hw> \K/"klanzm\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-men;\b \Ifem.\i \Bclanswoman,\b \Ipl.\i \B-women)\b a member or fellow member of a clan.
<hw>clap (1)</hw> \K/klap/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B(clapped,\b \Bclapping)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b \Iintr.\i strike the palms of one's hands together as a signal or repeatedly as applause. \Bb\b \Itr.\i strike (the hands) together in this way.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \BBrit.\b applaud or show one's approval of (esp. a person) in this way.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i (of a bird) flap (its wings) audibly.\p\B4\b \Itr.\i put or place quickly or with determination \3(clapped him in prison;\c \2clap a tax on whisky).\c\p\B5\b \Itr.\i \I(foll. by \Bon)\b\i slap (a person) encouragingly on (the back, shoulder, etc.).\K5 new in COD9 f. POD, OED Aug 93\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act of clapping, esp. as applause.\p\B2\b an explosive sound, esp. of thunder.\p\B3\b a slap, a pat.\p\1clap eyes on\c \Icolloq.\i see.\p\1clap on the back\c = \Islap on the back.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iclappian\i 'throb, beat', of imitative origin\c
<hw>clapboard</hw> \K/"klapbO:d/, /"klab\F'\nd/\k\p\In.\i\p\BUS\b = \J\Xweatherboard\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3Anglicized from Low German \Iklappholt\i 'cask-stave'\c
<hw>clapped out</hw> \Iadj.\i \I(hyphenated when \Battrib.)\b\i \BBrit.\b \Islang\i worn out (esp. of machinery etc.); exhausted.
<hw>clapper</hw> \K/"klap\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pthe tongue or striker of a bell.\p\1like the clappers\c \BBrit.\b \Islang\i very fast or hard.
<hw>clapperboard</hw> \K/"klap\F'\nbO:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICinematog.\i a device of hinged boards struck together to synchronize the starting of picture and sound machinery in filming.
<hw>claptrap</hw> \K/"klaptrap/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b insincere or pretentious talk, nonsense.\p\B2\b language used or feelings expressed only to gain applause. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xclap\x (1)\j + \J\Xtrap\x (1)\j\c
<hw>claque</hw> \K/klak/, /klA:k/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITheatr\i a group of people hired to applaud in a theatre etc. \BEtymology:\b \3French, from \Iclaquer\i 'to clap'\c
<hw>claqueur</hw> \K/klA:"k\F'\n:/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITheatr\i a member of a claque. \BEtymology:\b \3French (as \J\Xclaque\x)\j\c
<hw>clarabella</hw> \K/klar\F'\n"bEl\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMus\i an organ stop with the quality of a flute. \BEtymology:\b \3fem. forms of Latin \Iclarus\i 'clear' and \Ibellus\i 'pretty'\c
<hw>clarence</hw> \K/"klar(\F'\n)ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITransport\i \Ihist.\i a four-wheeled closed carriage with seats for four inside and two on the box. \BEtymology:\b \3named after the Duke of \IClarence,\i afterwards William IV\c
<hw>Clarenceux</hw> \K/"klar(\F'\n)nsu:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IHeraldry\i (in the UK) the title given to the second King of Arms, with jurisdiction south of the Trent \I(cf.\i \J\XNorroy\x,\j \J\XKing of Arms\x).\j \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Anglo-French, from the dukedom of \IClarence\i (named after \IClare\i in Suffolk): the Clarence herald was made King of Arms\c
<hw>claret</hw> \K/"klar\F'\nt/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IDrink\i red wine, esp. from Bordeaux.\p\B2\b a deep purplish red.\p\B3\b \BBrit.\b \Iarchaic\i \Islang\i blood. \Iadj.\i claret-coloured. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \I(vin)\i \Iclaret\i and medieval Latin \Iclaratum\i \I(vinum)\i from Latin \Iclarus\i 'clear'\c
<hw>clarify</hw> \K/"klarIfVI/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B(-ies,\b \B-ied)\b\p\B1\b \Itr. & intr.\i make or become clearer.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b free (liquid, butter, etc.) from impurities. \Bb\b make transparent. \Bc\b purify. \Bclarification\b \K/-fI"keIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bclarificatory\b \K/-fI"keIt(\F'\n)ri/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bclarifier\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iclarifier\i from Latin \Iclarus\i 'clear'\c
<hw>clarinet</hw> \K/klarI"nEt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMus\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a woodwind instrument with a single-reed mouthpiece, a cylindrical tube with a flared end, holes, and keys. \Bb\b a clarinet-player.\p\B2\b an organ stop with a quality resembling that of a clarinet. \Bclarinettist\b\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Bclarinetist).\b \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iclarinette,\i diminutive of \Iclarine,\i a kind of bell\c
<hw>clarion</hw> \K/"klarI\F'\nn/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a clear rousing sound.\p\B2\b \Ihist.\i a shrill narrow-tubed war trumpet.\p\B3\b \IMus\i an organ stop with a quality resembling that of a clarion. \Iadj.\i clear and loud. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via medieval Latin \Iclario -onis\i from Latin \Iclarus\i 'clear'\c
<hw>clarity</hw> \K/"klarIti/\k\p\In.\i\pthe state or quality of being clear, esp. of sound or expression. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Iclaritas,\i from \Iclarus\i 'clear'\c
<hw>clarkia</hw> \K/"klA:kI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i any plant of the genus \IClarkia,\i native to N. America, with showy white, pink, or purple flowers. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin, named after W. \IClark,\i US explorer (d. 1838), who discovered it\c
<hw>clary</hw> \K/"klE:ri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IBot\i any of various aromatic herbs of the genus \ISalvia.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from obsolete French \Iclarie,\i representing medieval Latin \Isclarea\i\c
<hw>clash</hw> \K/klaS/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a loud jarring sound as of metal objects being struck together. \Bb\b a collision, esp. with force.\p\B2\b \Ba\b a conflict or disagreement. \Bb\b a discord of colours etc.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \Iintr.\i make a clashing sound. \Bb\b \Itr.\i cause to clash.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i collide; coincide awkwardly.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i \Ba\b come into conflict or be at variance. \Bb\b (of colours) be discordant. \Bclasher\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3imitative: cf. \Iclack,\i \Iclang,\i \Icrack,\i \Icrash\i\c
<hw>clasp</hw> \K/klA:sp/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a device with interlocking parts for fastening. \Bb\b \IJewellery\i a buckle or brooch. \Bc\b a metal fastening on a book cover.\p\B2\b \Ba\b an embrace; a person's reach. \Bb\b a grasp or handshake.\p\B3\b a bar of silver on a medal-ribbon with the name of the battle etc. at which the wearer was present.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i fasten with or as with a clasp.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b grasp, hold closely. \Bb\b embrace, encircle.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i fasten a clasp.\p\1clasp hands\c shake hands with fervour or affection.\p\1clasp one's hands\c interlace one's fingers. \Bclasper\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English: origin unknown\c
<hw>clasper</hw> \K/"klA:sp\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \IZool Anat\i the appendages of some male fish and insects used to hold the female in copulation.
<hw>clasp-knife</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ITools\i a folding knife, usu. with a catch holding the blade when open.
<hw>class</hw> \K/klA:s/\k \In., v., & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b any set of persons or things grouped together, or graded or differentiated from others esp. by quality \3(first class;\c \2economy class).\c\p\B2\b \ISociol\i \Ba\b a division or order of society \3(upper class;\c \2professional classes).\c \Bb\b a caste system, a system of social classes. \Bc\b \B(the classes)\b \Iarchaic\i the rich or educated.\p\B3\b \Icolloq.\i distinction or high quality in appearance, behaviour, etc.; stylishness.\p\B4\b \IEducation\i \Ba\b a group of students or pupils taught together. \Bb\b the occasion when they meet. \Bc\b their course of instruction.\p\B5\b \BUS\b all the college or school students of the same standing or graduating in a given year \3(the class of 1990).\c\p\B6\b \IMil\i (in conscripted armies) all the recruits of a given year \3(the 1950 class).\c\p\B7\b \BBrit.\b a division of candidates according to merit in an examination.\p\B8\b \IBiol.\i a grouping of organisms, the next major rank below a division or phylum. \Iv.tr.\i assign to a class or category. \Iattrib.adj.\i \Icolloq.\i classy, stylish.\Kadj. new in COD9 f. NSOED Aug 93\k\p\1in a class of (or on) its (or one's) own\c unequalled.\p\1no class\c \Icolloq.\i a lack of quality or distinction. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iclassis\i 'assembly'\c
<hw>class-conscious</hw> \Iadj.\i \ISociol\i aware of and reacting to social divisions or one's place in a system of social class. \Bclass-consciousness\b\p\In.\i\p\Kclass-consciousness subsumed Aug 92 aaw\k
<hw>classic</hw> \K/"klasIk/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b of the first class; of acknowledged excellence. \Bb\b remarkably typical; outstandingly important \3(a classic case).\c\p\B2\b \IAntiq Art\i \Ba\b of ancient Greek and Latin literature, art, or culture. \Bb\b (of style in art, music, etc.) simple, harmonious, well-proportioned; in accordance with established forms \I(cf.\i \J\Xromantic\x \Iadj.\i 4a).\j\p\B3\b having literary or historic associations \3(classic ground).\c\p\B4\b \IClothing\i (of clothes) made in a simple elegant style not much affected by changes in fashion.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a classic writer, artist, work, or example.\p\B2\b \IAntiq Art\i \Ba\b an ancient Greek or Latin writer. \Bb\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i ancient Greek and Latin literature and history. \Bc\b \Iarchaic\i a scholar of ancient Greek and Latin.\p\B3\b a follower of classic models.\p\B4\b \IClothing\i a garment in classic style.\p\B5\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \BBrit.\b \IRacing\i the classic races. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iclassique\i or Latin \Iclassicus,\i from \Iclassis\i 'class'\c
<hw>classical</hw> \K/"klasIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \IAntiq Art\i of ancient Greek or Latin literature, art, or culture. \Bb\b \ILinguistics\i (of language) having the form used by the ancient standard authors \3(classical Latin;\c \2classical Hebrew).\c \Bc\b based on the study of ancient Greek and Latin \3(a classical education).\c \Bd\b learned in classical studies.\p\B2\b \IMus\i \Ba\b (of music) serious or conventional; following traditional principles and intended to be of permanent rather than ephemeral value \I(cf.\i \J\Xpopular music\x,\j \J\Xlight\x (2) \Iadj.\i 5a).\j \Bb\b of the period from \Ic\i1750-1800 \I(cf.\i \J\Xromantic\x \Iadj.\i 4b).\j\p\B3\b \Ba\b in or following the restrained style of classical antiquity \I(cf.\i \J\Xromantic\x \Iadj.\i 4a).\j \Bb\b (of a form or period of art etc.) representing an exemplary standard; having a long-established worth.\p\B4\b \IPhysics\i relating to the concepts which preceded relativity and quantum theory. \Bclassicalism\b\p\In.\i\p\Bclassicalist\b\p\In.\i\p\Bclassicality\b \K/-"kalIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bclassically\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iclassicus\i (as \J\Xclassic\x)\j\c
<hw>classicism</hw> \K/"klasIsIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the following of a classic style.\p\B2\b \Ba\b classical scholarship. \Bb\b \IEducation\i the advocacy of a classical education.\p\B3\b \ILinguistics\i an ancient Greek or Latin idiom. \Bclassicist\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>classicize</hw> \K/"klasIsVIz/\k\p\Iv.\i\p(also \B-ise)\b\p\B1\b \Itr.\i make classic.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i imitate a classical style.
<hw>classic race</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IRacing\i each of the five main flat races of the horse racing season, namely the Two Thousand and the One Thousand Guineas, the Derby, the Oaks, and the St Leger.
<hw>classified</hw> \K/"klasIfVId/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b arranged in classes or categories.\p\B2\b \IPolit\i (of information etc.) designated as officially secret.\p\B3\b \BBrit.\b \ITransport\i (of a road) assigned to a category according to its importance.\p\B4\b \IJournalism\i (of newspaper advertisements) arranged in columns according to various categories.\p\In.\i\p\I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \IJournalism\i classified advertisements.\Knoun new f. corpus Aug 93\k
<hw>classify</hw> \K/"klasIfVI/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(-ies,\b \B-ied)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b arrange in classes or categories. \Bb\b assign (a thing) to a class or category.\p\B2\b \IPolit\i designate as officially secret or not for general disclosure. \Bclassifiable\b \Iadj.\i \Bclassification\b \K/-fI"keIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bclassificatory\b \K/-"keIt(\F'\n)ri/\k \Iadj.\i \Bclassifier\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3back-formation from \Iclassification\i (from French, as \J\Xclass\x)\j\c
<hw>classism</hw> \K/"klA:sIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\pdiscrimination on the grounds of social class. \Bclassist\b \Iadj. & n.\i\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED Aug 93\k
<hw>classless</hw> \K/"klA:slIs/\k \Iadj.\i \ISociol\i making or showing no distinction of classes \3(classless society;\c \2classless accent).\c \Bclasslessness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>class-list</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IEducation\i a list of candidates in an examination with the class achieved by each.
<hw>classmate</hw> \K/"klA:smeIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IEducation\i a fellow member of a class, esp. at school.
<hw>classroom</hw> \K/"klA:sru:m/, /-rUm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IEducation\i a room in which a class of students is taught, esp. in a school.
<hw>class war</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ISociol\i conflict between social classes.
<hw>clastic</hw> \K/"klastIk/\k \Iadj.\i \IGeol.\i designating a rock composed of broken pieces of older rocks. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iclastique\i from Greek \Iklastos\i 'broken in pieces'\c
<hw>clathrate</hw> \K/"klaTreIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i a solid in which one component is enclosed in the structure of another. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iclathratus\i from \Iclathri\i 'lattice-bars', from Greek \Iklethra\i\c
<hw>clatter</hw> \K/"klat\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a rattling sound as of many hard objects struck together.\p\B2\b noisy talk.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \Ba\b make a clatter. \Bb\b fall or move etc. with a clatter.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i cause (plates etc.) to clatter. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English, of imitative origin\c
<hw>claudication</hw> \K/klO:dI"keIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed.\i a cramping pain, esp. in the leg, caused by arterial obstruction; limping. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iclaudicare\i 'limp' from \Iclaudus\i 'lame'\c
<hw>clause</hw> \K/klO:z/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IGram.\i a distinct part of a sentence, including a subject and predicate.\p\B2\b \ILaw\i a single statement in a treaty, law, bill, or contract. \Bclausal\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Iclausula\i 'conclusion', from \Iclaudere claus-\i 'shut'\c
<hw>claustral</hw> \K/"klO:str(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IEccl\i of or associated with the cloister; monastic.\p\B2\b narrow-minded. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Late Latin \Iclaustralis\i from Latin \Iclaustrum\i \J\Xcloister\x\j\c
<hw>claustrophobia</hw> \K/klO:str\F'\n"f\F'\nUbI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPsychol\i an abnormal fear of confined places.\Kclaustrophobe omitted Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin, from Latin \Iclaustrum:\i see \J\Xcloister\x\j\c
<hw>claustrophobic</hw> \K/klO:str\F'\n"f\F'\nUbIk/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IPsychol\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b suffering from claustrophobia.\p\B2\b inducing claustrophobia.\p\In.\i\pa person who suffers from claustrophobia.\Knoun new f. SOED Aug 93\k \Bclaustrophobically\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>clavate</hw> \K/"kleIveIt/\k \Iadj.\i \IBot.\i club-shaped. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \Iclavatus\i from Latin \Iclava\i 'club'\c
<hw>clave (1)</hw> \K/kleIv/, /klA:v/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMus.\i a hardwood stick used in pairs to make a hollow sound when struck together. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin American Spanish from Spanish, = keystone, from Latin \Iclavis\i 'key'\c
<hw>clavicembalo</hw> \K/klavI"tSEmb\F'\nl\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b \IMus\i a harpsichord. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian\c
<hw>clavichord</hw> \K/"klavIkO:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMus\i a small keyboard instrument with a very soft tone. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from medieval Latin \Iclavichordium,\i from Latin \Iclavis\i 'key', \Ichorda\i 'string': see \J\Xchord\x (2)\j\c
<hw>clavicle</hw> \K/"klavIk(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnat\i the collarbone. \Bclavicular\b \K/kl\F'\n"vIkjUl\F'\n/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iclavicula,\i diminutive of \Iclavis\i 'key' (from its shape)\c
<hw>clavier</hw> \K/"klavI\F'\n/, /kl\F'\n"vI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMus.\i\p\B1\b any keyboard instrument.\p\B2\b its keyboard. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iclavier\i or German \IKlavier\i from medieval Latin \Iclaviarius,\i originally = key-bearer, from Latin \Iclavis\i 'key'\c
<hw>claw</hw> \K/klO:/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool Anat\i \Ba\b a pointed horny nail on an animal's or bird's foot. \Bb\b a foot bearing these.\p\B2\b \IZool Anat\i the pincer of a crab or other crustacean.\p\B3\b \IMech\i a device for grappling, holding, etc.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr. & intr.\i scratch, maul, or pull (a person or thing) with claws.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i make (one's way) with difficulty by pulling oneself (as if) using claws.\Ksense 2 new f. incomings Oct 94\k\p\B3\b \Itr. & intr.\i \BSc.\b scratch gently.\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i \INaut.\i beat to windward.\p\Bclaw back\b \BBrit.\b\p\B1\b regain laboriously or gradually.\p\B2\b \IEcon.\i recover (money paid out) from another source (e.g. taxation). \Bclawed\b \Iadj.\i \I(also in \Bcomb.).\b\i \Bclawless\b \Iadj.\i\Kclawer omitted Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iclawu,\i \Iclawian\i\c
<hw>clawback</hw> \K/"klO:bak/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b\p\B1\b the act of clawing back.\p\B2\b money recovered in this way.
<hw>claw hammer</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICarpentry Building\i a hammer with one side of the head forked for extracting nails.
<hw>clay</hw> \K/kleI/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPottery Geol\i a stiff sticky earth, used for making bricks, pottery, ceramics, etc.\p\B2\b \Ipoet.\i the substance of the human body.\p\B3\b (in full \Bclay pipe)\b a tobacco pipe made of clay. \Bclayey\b \Iadj.\i \Bclayish\b \Iadj.\i \Bclaylike\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iclµg,\i from West Germanic\c
<hw>claymore</hw> \K/"kleImO:/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ihist.\i \Ba\b a Scottish two-edged broadsword. \Bb\b a broadsword, often with a single edge, having a hilt with a basketwork design.\p\B2\b \IMil\i a type of anti-personnel mine. \BEtymology:\b \3Gaelic \Iclaidheamh m≤r\i 'great sword'\c
<hw>clay-pan</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BAustral.\b \IGeol\i a natural hollow in clay soil, retaining water after rain.
<hw>clay pigeon</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ISport\i a breakable disc thrown up from a trap as a target for shooting.
<hw>Clayton's</hw> \K/"kleIt(\F'\n)nz/\k \Iattrib.adj.\i \BAustral.\b sham, illusory; being a poor substitute.\Knew f. ACOD, Incomings Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3from the proprietary name of a soft drink marketed as 'the drink you have when you're not having a drink'\c
<hw>clean</hw> \K/kli:n/\k \Iadj., adv., v., & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bof)\b\i free from dirt or contaminating matter, unsoiled.\p\B2\b clear; unused or unpolluted; preserving what is regarded as the original state \3(clean air;\c \2clean page).\c\p\B3\b free from obscenity or indecency.\p\B4\b \Ba\b attentive to personal hygiene and cleanliness. \Bb\b (of children and animals) toilet-trained or house-trained.\p\B5\b complete, clear-cut, unobstructed, even.\p\B6\b \Ba\b \ITransport\i (of a ship, aircraft, or car) streamlined, smooth. \Bb\b well formed, slender and shapely \3(clean-limbed;\c \2the car has clean lines).\c\p\B7\b adroit, skilful \3(clean fielding).\c\p\B8\b \IMil\i (of a nuclear weapon) producing relatively little fallout.\p\B9\b \Ba\b free from ceremonial defilement or from disease. \Bb\b (of food) not prohibited.\p\B10\b \Ba\b free from any record of a crime, offence, etc. \3(a clean driving licence).\c \Bb\b \Islang\i free from suspicion; not carrying a weapon or incriminating material. \Bc\b observing the rules of a sport or game; fair \3(a clean fight).\c\K10c new in COD9 f. POD, NSOED Aug 93\k\p\B11\b (of a taste, smell, etc.) sharp, fresh, distinctive.\p\B12\b (of timber) free from knots. \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b completely, outright, simply \3(clean bowled;\c \2cut clean through;\c \2clean forgot).\c\p\B2\b in a clean manner.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \I(also foll. by \Bof)\b\i & \Iintr.\i make or become clean.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i eat all the food on (one's plate).\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \ICookery\i remove the innards of (fish or fowl).\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i make oneself clean.\p\In.\i\p\Besp. Brit.\b the act or process of cleaning or being cleaned \3(give it a clean).\c\p\Bclean down\b \Besp. Brit.\b clean by brushing or wiping.\p\Bclean out\b\p\B1\b clean thoroughly.\p\B2\b \Islang\i empty or deprive (esp. of money).\p\Bclean up\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b clear (a mess) away. \Bb\b \I(also \Babsol.)\b\i put (things) tidy. \Bc\b make (oneself) clean.\p\B2\b restore order or morality to.\p\B3\b \Islang\i \Ba\b acquire as gain or profit. \Bb\b make a gain or profit.\p\1come clean\c \Icolloq.\i own up; confess everything.\p\1make a clean breast of\c \Isee\i \J\Xbreast\x.\j\p\1make a clean job of\c \Icolloq.\i do thoroughly.\p\1make a clean sweep of\c \Isee\i \J\Xsweep\x.\j \Bcleanable\b \Iadj.\i \Bcleanish\b \Iadj.\i \Bcleanness\b \K/"kli:nnIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iclµne\i \I(adj. & adv.),\i \Iclene\i \I(adv.),\i from West Germanic\c
<hw>clean bill of health</hw> \Isee\i \J\Xbill of health\x 2.\j\Kaaw Aug 92\k
<hw>clean break</hw>\p\In.\i\pa quick and final separation.
<hw>clean-cut</hw> \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b sharply outlined.\p\B2\b (of a person) clean and neat.\KAug 92 as POD8 aaw\k
<hw>cleaner</hw> \K/"kli:n\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person employed to clean the interior of a building.\p\B2\b \I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i a commercial establishment for cleaning clothes.\p\B3\b a device or substance for cleaning.\p\1take to the cleaners\c \Islang\i\p\B1\b defraud or rob (a person) of all his or her money.\p\B2\b criticize severely.
<hw>clean hands</hw> \In.pl.\i freedom from guilt.
<hw>clean-living</hw> \Iadj.\i of upright character.
<hw>cleanly (1)</hw> \K/"kli:nli/\k \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b in a clean way.\p\B2\b efficiently; without difficulty. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iclµnlice:\i see \J\Xclean\x,\j \J\X-ly\x (2)\j\c
<hw>cleanly (2)</hw> \K/"klEnli/\k \Iadj.\i \B(cleanlier,\b \Bcleanliest)\b habitually clean; with clean habits. \Bcleanliness\b\p\In.\i\p\Kcleanlily omitted Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iclµnlic:\i see \J\Xclean\x,\j \J\X-ly\x (1)\j\c
<hw>cleanse</hw> \K/klEnz/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b usu. \Iformal\i make clean.\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Bof)\b\i purify from sin or guilt.\p\B3\b \Iarchaic\i cure (a leper etc.). \Bcleanser\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iclµnsian\i (see \J\Xclean\x)\j\c
<hw>clean-shaven</hw> \Iadj.\i without beard, whiskers, or moustache.
<hw>clean sheet</hw>\p\In.\i\pfreedom from commitments or imputations; the removal of these from one's record.
<hw>cleansing cream</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICosmetics\i cream for removing unwanted matter from the face, hands, etc.
<hw>cleansing department</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b a local service of refuse collection etc.
<hw>cleanskin</hw> \K/"kli:nskIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\BAustral.\b\p\B1\b \IAgriculture\i an unbranded animal.\p\B2\b \ICriminol\i \Islang\i a person free from blame, without a police record, etc.
<hw>clear</hw> \K/klI\F'\n/\k \Iadj., adv., & v.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b free from dirt or contamination.\p\B2\b \IMeteorol\i (of weather, the sky, etc.) not dull or cloudy.\p\B3\b \Ba\b transparent. \Bb\b lustrous, shining; free from obscurity.\p\B4\b \ICookery\i (of soup) not containing solid ingredients.\p\B5\b (of a fire) burning with little smoke.\p\B6\b \Ba\b distinct, easily perceived by the senses. \Bb\b unambiguous, easily understood \3(make a thing clear;\c \2make oneself clear).\c \Bc\b manifest; not confused or doubtful \3(clear evidence).\c\p\B7\b that discerns or is able to discern readily and accurately \3(clear thinking).\c\p\B8\b \I(usu. foll. by \Babout,\b \Bon,\b or \Bthat\b + clause)\i confident, convinced, certain.\p\B9\b (of a conscience) free from guilt.\p\B10\b (of a road etc.) unobstructed, open.\p\B11\b \Ba\b net, without deduction \3(a clear ú1,000).\c \Bb\b complete \3(three clear days).\c\p\B12\b \I(often foll. by \Bof)\b\i free, unhampered; unencumbered by debt, commitments, etc.\p\B13\b \I(foll. by \Bof)\b\i not obstructed by. \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b clearly \3(speak loud and clear).\c\p\B2\b completely \3(he got clear away).\c\p\B3\b apart, out of contact \3(keep clear;\c \2stand clear of the doors).\c\p\B4\b \I(foll. by \Bto)\b\i \BUS\b all the way.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr. & intr.\i make or become clear.\p\B2\b \Ba\b \Itr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bof)\b\i free from prohibition or obstruction. \Bb\b \Itr. & intr.\i make or become empty or unobstructed. \Bc\b \Itr.\i \IAgriculture\i free (land) for cultivation or building by cutting down trees etc. \Bd\b \Itr.\i cause people to leave (a room etc.).\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bof)\b\i \ILaw\i show or declare (a person) to be innocent \3(cleared them of complicity).\c\p\B4\b \Itr.\i approve (a person) for special duty, access to information, etc.\p\B5\b \Itr.\i pass over or by, safely or without touching, esp. by jumping.\p\B6\b \ICommerce\i \Itr.\i make (an amount of money) as a net gain or to balance expenses.\p\B7\b \Itr.\i \ICommerce\i pass (a cheque) through a clearing house.\p\B8\b \Itr.\i \ICommerce\i pass through (a customs office etc.).\p\B9\b \Itr.\i remove (an obstruction, an unwanted object, etc.) \3(clear them out of the way).\c\p\B10\b \Itr.\i \I(also \Babsol.)\b\i \IFootball\i send (the ball) out of one's defensive zone.\p\B11\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Baway,\b \Bup)\b\i (of physical phenomena) disappear, gradually diminish \3(mist cleared by lunchtime;\c \2my cold has cleared up).\c\p\B12\b \Itr.\i \I(often foll. by \Boff)\b\i \ICommerce\i discharge (a debt).\p\1clear the air\c\p\B1\b make the air less sultry.\p\B2\b disperse an atmosphere of suspicion, tension, etc.\p\Bclear away\b\p\B1\b remove completely.\p\B2\b remove the remains of a meal from the table.\p\1clear the decks\c prepare for action.\p\Bclear off\b\p\B1\b get rid of.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i go away.\p\Bclear out\b\p\B1\b empty.\p\B2\b remove.\p\B3\b \Icolloq.\i go away.\p\1clear one's throat\c cough slightly to make one's voice clear.\p\Bclear up\b\p\B1\b tidy up.\p\B2\b solve (a mystery etc.).\p\B3\b \IMeteorol\i (of weather) become fine.\p\B4\b disappear \3(my cold has cleared up).\c\Ksense 4 new in COD9 f. POD Aug 93\k\p\1clear the way\c\p\B1\b remove obstacles.\p\B2\b stand aside.\p\1clear a thing with\c get approval or authorization for a thing from (a person).\p\1in clear\c not in cipher or code.\p\1in the clear\c free from suspicion or difficulty.\p\1out of a clear sky\c as a complete surprise. \Bclearable\b \Iadj.\i \Bclearly\b \Iadv.\i \Bclearness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icler\i from Latin \Iclarus\i\c
<hw>clearance</hw> \K/"klI\F'\nr(\F'\n)ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the removal of obstructions etc., esp. removal of buildings, persons, etc., so as to clear land. \Bb\b the removal of contents, esp. of a house.\K1b new in COD9 f. POD, NSOED Aug 93\k \Bc\b = \J\Xclearance sale\x.\j\K1c new f. K. Barber, incomings Sept 94\k\p\B2\b clear space allowed for the passing of two objects or two parts in machinery etc.\p\B3\b \IAeron Law\i special authorization or permission (esp. for an aircraft to take off or land, or for access to information etc.).\p\B4\b \ICommerce\i \Ba\b the clearing of a person, ship, etc., by customs. \Bb\b a certificate showing this.\p\B5\b \ICommerce\i the clearing of cheques.\p\B6\b \IFootball\i a kick sending the ball out of a defensive zone.\p\B7\b making clear.
<hw>clearance order</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBuilding\i an order for the demolition of buildings.
<hw>clearance sale</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i a sale to get rid of superfluous stock.
<hw>clearcole</hw> \K/"klI\F'\nk\F'\nUl/\k \In. & v.\i \IChem Building\i\p\In.\i\pa mixture of size and whiting or white lead, used as a primer for distemper. \Iv.tr.\i paint with clearcole. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iclaire colle\i 'clear glue'\c
<hw>clear-cut</hw> \Iadj. & v.\i \Iadj.\i sharply defined; obvious. \Iv.tr.\i \B(-cutting;\b \Ipast\i and \Ipast part.\i \B-cut)\b \IForestry\i cut down and remove every tree from (an area).\Kv. new f. SOED Oct 94\k
<hw>clearer</hw> \K/"klI\F'\nr\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IFinance\i a clearing bank.\p\B2\b a person or thing that clears or clears away.\Knew as hwd in COD9 f. incomings, OED Aug 93\k
<hw>clear-headed</hw> \Iadj.\i thinking clearly; sensible.\Knew in COD9 f. POD Aug 93\k
<hw>clearing</hw> \K/"klI\F'\nrIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Iin senses of\i \J\Xclear\x\p\Iv.\i\p\j\p\B2\b \IAgriculture\i an area in a forest cleared for cultivation.
<hw>clearing bank</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ICommerce Econ\i a bank which is a member of a clearing house.
<hw>clearing house</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce Econ\i\p\B1\b a bankers' establishment where cheques and bills from member banks are exchanged, so that only the balances need be paid in cash.\p\B2\b an agency for collecting and distributing information etc.
<hw>clear-out</hw>\p\In.\i\pan act or period of clearing out; a removal of unwanted items.\Knew in COD9 f. POD, NSOED Aug 93\k
<hw>clear-sighted</hw> \Iadj.\i seeing, thinking, or understanding clearly.\Knew in COD9 f. POD Aug 93\k
<hw>clear-up</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an act or period of clearing up or tidying.\p\B2\b \ICriminol.\i \I(usu. \Battrib.)\b\i the solving of crimes \3(clear-up rates).\c\Knew in COD9 f. POD Aug 93\k
<hw>clearway</hw> \K/"klI\F'\nweI/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ITransport\i a main road (other than a motorway) on which vehicles are not normally permitted to stop.
<hw>clearwing</hw> \K/"klI\F'\nwIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a day-flying moth with largely transparent wings, of the family Sesiidae.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Nov 93\k
<hw>cleat</hw> \K/kli:t/\k\p\In.\i\p\INaut. etc.\i\p\B1\b a piece of metal, wood, etc., bolted on for fastening ropes to, or to strengthen woodwork etc.\p\B2\b a projecting piece on a spar, gangway, boot, etc., to give footing or prevent a rope from slipping.\p\B3\b a wedge. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English: probably related to \J\Xclot\x\j\c
<hw>cleavage</hw> \K/"kli:vIdZ/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the hollow between a woman's breasts, esp. as exposed by a low-cut garment.\p\B2\b \Ba\b a division or splitting. \Bb\b \IBiol.\i cell division, esp. of a fertilized egg cell.\Ksense 2b new f. OERD consultant May 94\k\p\B3\b \IMineral\i the splitting of rocks, crystals, etc., in a preferred direction.
<hw>cleave (1)</hw> \K/kli:v/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\I(past\i \Bclove\b \K/kl\F'\nUv/\k or \Bcleft\b \K/kleft/\k or \Bcleaved;\b \Ipast part.\i \Bcloven\b \K/"kl\F'\nUv(\F'\n)n/\k or \Bcleft\b or \Bcleaved)\b \Iliterary\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \Itr.\i chop or break apart, split, esp. along the grain or the line of cleavage. \Bb\b \Iintr.\i come apart in this way.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i make one's way through (air or water). \Bcleavable\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Icleofan,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>cleave (2)</hw> \K/kli:v/\k \Iv.intr.\i \I(past\i \Bcleaved\b or \Iarchaic\i \Bclave\b \K/kleIv/\k) \I(foll. by \Bto)\b\i \Iliterary\i stick fast; adhere. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Icleofian,\i \Iclifian,\i from the West Germanic base also of \J\Xclay\x\j\c
<hw>cleaver</hw> \K/"kli:v\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ITools\i a tool for cleaving, esp. a heavy chopping tool used by butchers.\p\B2\b a person who cleaves.
<hw>cleavers</hw> \K/"kli:v\F'\nz/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bclivers\b \K/"klIv\F'\nz/\k) \I(treated as \Bsing.\b or \Bpl.)\b\i \IBot\i a plant, Galium aparine, having hooked bristles on its stem that catch on clothes etc. \IAlso called\i \Igoosegrass.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iclife,\i formed as \J\Xcleave\x (2)\j\c
<hw>clef</hw> \K/klEf/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMus.\i any of several symbols placed at the beginning of a staff, indicating the pitch of the notes written on it. \BEtymology:\b \3French, from Latin \Iclavis\i 'key'\c
<hw>cleft (1)</hw> \K/klEft/\k \Iadj.\i split, partly divided.\p\1in a cleft stick\c \BBrit.\b in a difficult position, esp. one allowing neither retreat nor advance. \BEtymology:\b \3past part. of \J\Xcleave\x (1)\j\c
<hw>cleft (2)</hw> \K/klEft/\k\p\In.\i\pa split or fissure; a space or division made by cleaving. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English (related to \J\Xcleave\x (1)):\j assimilated to \J\Xcleft\x (1)\j\c
<hw>cleft lip</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMed.\i a congenital split in the upper lip.\Knew from file Aug 93\k
<hw>cleft palate</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMed.\i a congenital split in the roof of the mouth.
<hw>cleg</hw> \K/klEg/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IZool\i a horsefly. \BEtymology:\b \3Old Norse \Ikleggi\i\c
<hw>cleistogamic</hw> \K/klVIst\F'\n"gamIk/\k \Iadj.\i \IBot.\i (of a flower) permanently closed and self-fertilizing. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ikleistos\i 'closed' + \Igamos\i 'marriage'\c
<hw>clematis</hw> \K/"klEm\F'\ntIs/, /kl\F'\n"meItIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i an erect or climbing plant of the genus \IClematis\i (buttercup family), bearing white, pink, or purple flowers and feathery seeds. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin from Greek \Iklematis,\i from \Iklema\i 'vine branch'\c
<hw>clement</hw> \K/"klEm(\F'\n)nt/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IMeteorol\i mild \3(clement weather).\c\p\B2\b merciful. \Bclemency\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Iclemens -entis\i\c
<hw>clementine</hw> \K/"klEm(\F'\n)ntVIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot Food\i a small citrus fruit, thought to be a hybrid between a tangerine and sweet orange. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IclΘmentine\i\c
<hw>clench</hw> \K/klEn(t)S/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b close (the teeth or fingers) tightly.\p\B2\b grasp firmly.\p\B3\b = \J\Xclinch\x\p\Iv.\i\p4.\j\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a clenching action.\p\B2\b a clenched state. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English from Germanic: related to \J\Xcling\x\j\c
<hw>clepsydra</hw> \K/"klEpsIdr\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAntiq Horol\i an ancient time-measuring device worked by a flow of water. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin from Greek \Iklepsudra,\i from \Iklepto\i 'steal' + \Ihudor\i 'water'\c
<hw>clerestory</hw> \K/"klI\F'\nstO:ri/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b also \Bclearstory)\b \I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IArchit Eccl\i\p\B1\b an upper row of windows in a cathedral or large church, above the level of the aisle roofs.\p\B2\b \BUS\b \IRailways\i a raised section of the roof of a railway carriage, with windows or ventilators. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from \J\Xclear\x\j + \J\Xstorey\x\j\c
<hw>clergy</hw> \K/"kl\F'\n:dZi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \I(usu. treated as \Bpl.)\b\i \IEccl\i\p\B1\b \I(usu. prec. by \Bthe)\b\i the body of all persons ordained for religious duties in the Christian Churches.\p\B2\b a number of such persons \3(ten clergy were present).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French, ultimately from ecclesiastical Latin \Iclericus\i \J\Xcleric\x\j\c
<hw>clergyman</hw> \K/"kl\F'\n:dZIm\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-men)\b \IEccl\i a member of the clergy, esp. \BBrit.\b of the Church of England.
<hw>clergywoman</hw> \K/"kl\F'\n:dZIwUm\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-women)\b \IEccl.\i a female member of the clergy.\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED, incomings Aug 93\k
<hw>cleric</hw> \K/"klErIk/\k\p\In.\i\pa member of the clergy. \BEtymology:\b \3(originally \Iadj.):\i ecclesiastical Latin \Iclericus\i from Greek \Iklerikos,\i from \Ikleros\i 'lot, heritage', as in Acts 1:26\c
<hw>clerical</hw> \K/"klErIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IEccl\i of the clergy or clergymen.\p\B2\b of or done by a clerk or clerks. \Bclericalism\b\p\In.\i\p\Bclericalist\b\p\In.\i\p\Bclerically\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3ecclesiastical Latin \Iclericalis\i (as \J\Xcleric\x)\j\c
<hw>clerical collar</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IEccl. Clothing.\i a stiff upright white collar fastening at the back, as worn by the clergy in some Churches.
<hw>clerical error</hw>\p\In.\i\pan error made in copying or writing out.
<hw>clerihew</hw> \K/"klErIhju:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IProsody\i a short comic or nonsensical verse, usu. in two rhyming couplets with lines of unequal length and referring to a famous person. \BEtymology:\b \3named after E. \IClerihew\i Bentley, English writer (d. 1956), its inventor\c
<hw>clerk</hw> \K/klA:k/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person employed in an office, bank, shop, etc., to keep records, accounts, etc.\p\B2\b a secretary, agent, or record-keeper of a local council \3(town clerk),\c court, etc.\p\B3\b \IRelig\i a lay officer of a church \3(parish clerk),\c college chapel, etc.\p\B4\b \IParl\i a senior official in Parliament.\p\B5\b \BN. Amer.\b an assistant in a shop, hotel, or post office.\p\B6\b \Iarchaic\i a clergyman. \Iv.intr.\i work as a clerk. \Bclerkdom\b\p\In.\i\p\Bclerkess\b\p\In.\i\p\BSc.\b \Bclerkish\b \Iadj.\i \Bclerkly\b \Iadj.\i \Bclerkship\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Icleric,\i \Iclerc,\i & Old French \Iclerc,\i from ecclesiastical Latin \Iclericus\i \J\Xcleric\x\j\c
<hw>clerk in holy orders</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i \Iformal\i a clergyman.
<hw>Clerk of the Closet</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IRelig.\i (in the UK) the sovereign's principal chaplain.
<hw>clerk of the course</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IRacing\i the judges' secretary etc. in horse or motor racing.
<hw>clerk of the works</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bclerk of works)\b \BBrit.\b \IBuilding\i an overseer of building works etc.
<hw>clever</hw> \K/"klEv\F'\n/\k \Iadj.\i \B(cleverer,\b \Bcleverest)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b skilful, talented; quick to understand and learn. \Bb\b \Icolloq.\i sensible, wise.\K1b new f. OERD, corpus April 94\k\p\B2\b adroit, dextrous.\p\B3\b (of the doer or the thing done) ingenious, cunning.\Knot too clever omitted on basis of correspondence: no longer common Sep 93\k \Bcleverly\b \Iadv.\i \Bcleverness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, = adroit: perhaps related to \J\Xcleave\x (2),\j with the sense 'apt to seize'\c
<hw>clever-clever</hw> \Iadj.\i seeking to appear clever.\Knew f. SOED, corpus April 94\k
<hw>clever Dick</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Besp. Brit.\b \Icolloq.\i a person who is or purports to be smart or knowing.
<hw>clevis</hw> \K/"klEvIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMech\i\p\B1\b a U-shaped piece of metal at the end of a beam for attaching tackle etc.\p\B2\b a connection in which a bolt holds one part that fits between the forked ends of another. \BEtymology:\b \316th c.: perhaps related to \J\Xcleave\x (1)\j\c
<hw>clew</hw> \K/klu:/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \INaut.\i \Ba\b a lower or after corner of a sail. \Bb\b a set of small cords suspending a hammock.\p\B2\b \Iarchaic\i \Ba\b \IMythol\i a ball of thread or yarn, esp. with reference to the legend of Theseus and the labyrinth. \Bb\b \BBrit.\b = \J\Xclue\x.\j \Iv.tr.\i \INaut.\i\p\B1\b \I(foll. by \Bup)\b\i draw the lower ends of (a sail) to the upper yard or the mast ready for furling.\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bdown)\b\i let down (a sail) by the clews in unfurling. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Icliwen,\i \Icleowen\i\c
<hw>clianthus</hw> \K/klVI"anT\F'\ns/, /klI-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i any leguminous plant of the genus \IClianthus,\i native to Australia and New Zealand, bearing drooping clusters of red pealike flowers. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin, apparently from Greek \Iklei-,\i \Ikleos\i 'glory' + \Ianthos\i 'flower'\c
<hw>clichΘ</hw> \K/"kli:SeI/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcliche)\b\p\B1\b a hackneyed phrase or opinion.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b \IPrinting\i a metal casting of a stereotype or electrotype. \BEtymology:\b \3French, from \Iclicher\i 'to stereotype'\c
<hw>clichΘd</hw> \K/"kli:SeId/\k \Iadj.\i (also \BclichΘ'd,\b \Bcliched)\b hackneyed; full of clichΘs.
<hw>click</hw> \K/klIk/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a slight sharp sound as of a switch being operated.\p\B2\b \IPhonet\i a speech sound in some languages, produced as a type of plosive by sudden withdrawal of the tongue from the soft palate.\p\B3\b \IMech\i a catch in machinery acting with a slight sharp sound.\p\B4\b an action causing a horse's hind foot to touch the shoe of a fore foot.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \Iintr.\i make a click. \Bb\b \Itr.\i cause (one's tongue, heels, etc.) to click.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \Icolloq.\i \Ba\b become clear or understandable \I(often prec. by \Bit\b as subject:\i \2when I saw them it all clicked).\c \Bb\b be successful, secure one's object. \Bc\b \I(foll. by \Bwith)\b\i become friendly, esp. with a person of the opposite sex. \Bd\b come to an agreement.\p\B3\b \Iintr. & tr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bon)\b\i \IComputing\i press (one of the buttons on a mouse); select (an item represented on the screen, a particular function, etc.) by so doing.\K3 new in COD9 f. ODNW, incomings Aug 93\k \Bclicker\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3imitative: cf. Dutch \Iklikken,\i French \Icliquer\i\c
<hw>click beetle</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a beetle of the family Elateridae, springing up with a click if turned on its back.
<hw>click-clack</hw> \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\pa repeated clicking sound as of shoe heels on a hard surface. \Iv.intr.\i make such a sound.\Knew f. SOED, corpus Mar 94\k
<hw>client</hw> \K/"klVI\F'\nnt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ICommerce\i a person using the services of a lawyer, architect, social worker, or other professional person.\p\B2\b \ICommerce\i a customer.\p\B3\b \IRom.Hist.\i a plebeian under the protection of a patrician.\p\B4\b \Iarchaic\i a dependant or hanger-on. \Bclientship\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Icliens -entis,\i from \Icluere\i 'hear, obey'\c
<hw>clientele</hw> \K/kli:Qn"tEl/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i\p\B1\b clients collectively.\p\B2\b customers, esp. of a shop.\p\B3\b \ITheatr\i the patrons of a theatre etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iclientela\i 'clientship' & French \IclientΦle\i\c
<hw>client-server</hw> \Iattrib.adj.\i \IComputing\i designating a computer system in which a central server provides data to a number of networked workstations.\Knew f. incomings April 94\k
<hw>cliff</hw> \K/klIf/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeol\i a steep rock face, esp. \BBrit.\b at the edge of the sea. \Bclifflike\b \Iadj.\i \Bcliffy\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iclif,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>cliffhanger</hw> \K/"klIfhaN\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pa story etc. with a strong element of suspense; a suspenseful ending to an episode of a serial. \Bcliffhanging\b \Iadj.\i\KAug 92 aaw -hanging subsumed\k
<hw>climacteric</hw> \K/klVI"makt(\F'\n)rIk/, /klVImak"tErIk/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMed.\i the period of life when fertility and sexual activity are in decline.\p\B2\b a supposed critical period in life (esp. occurring at intervals of seven years). \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IMed.\i occurring at the climacteric.\p\B2\b constituting a crisis; critical. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IclimatΘrique\i or Latin \Iclimactericus\i from Greek \Iklimakterikos,\i from \Iklimakter\i 'critical period', from \Iklimax -akos\i 'ladder, climax'\c
<hw>climactic</hw> \K/klVI"maktIk/\k \Iadj.\i of or forming a climax. \Bclimactically\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xclimax\x\j + \J\X-ic\x,\j perhaps influenced by \J\Xsyntactic\x\j or \J\Xclimacteric\x\j\c
<hw>climate</hw> \K/"klVIm\F'\nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMeteorol\i the prevailing weather conditions of an area.\p\B2\b a region with particular weather conditions.\p\B3\b the prevailing trend of opinion or public feeling. \Bclimatic\b \K/-"matIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Bclimatical\b \K/-"matIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Bclimatically\b \K/-"matIk(\F'\n)li/\k \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iclimat\i or Late Latin \Iclima climat-\i from Greek \Iklima,\i from \Iklino\i 'slope, zone'\c
<hw>climatology</hw> \K/klVIm\F'\n"tQl\F'\ndZi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeog Meteorol\i the scientific study of climate. \Bclimatological\b \K/-t\F'\n"lQdZIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Bclimatologist\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>climax</hw> \K/"klVImaks/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the event or point of greatest intensity or interest; a culmination or apex.\p\B2\b \IPhysiol\i a sexual orgasm.\p\B3\b \IRhet.\i \Ba\b a series arranged in order of increasing importance etc. \Bb\b the last term in such a series.\p\B4\b \IEcol.\i a state of equilibrium reached by a plant community. \Iv.tr. & intr.\i \Icolloq.\i bring or come to a climax. \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin from Greek \Iklimax -akos\i 'ladder, climax'\c
<hw>climb</hw> \K/klVIm/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr. & intr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bup)\b\i ascend, mount, go or come up, esp. by using one's hands.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \IBot\i (of a plant) grow up a wall, tree, trellis, etc. by clinging with tendrils or by twining.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i move along by grasping or clinging; go with effort; clamber \3(climbed across the ditch;\c \2climbed into bed).\c\Ksense 3 new f. corpus Sept 94\k\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i make progress in social rank, intellectual or moral strength, etc.\p\B5\b \Iintr.\i (of an aircraft, the sun, etc.) go upwards.\p\B6\b \Iintr.\i slope upwards.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an ascent by climbing.\p\B2\b \Ba\b a place, esp. a hill, climbed or to be climbed. \Bb\b a recognized route up a mountain etc.\p\Bclimb down\b\p\B1\b descend with the help of one's hands.\p\B2\b withdraw from a position taken up in argument, negotiation, etc.\p\Bclimb into\b put on (clothes).\Kclimb into new in COD9 f. COD box, incomings Aug 93\k \Bclimbable\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iclimban\i from West Germanic, related to \J\Xcleave\x (2)\j\c
<hw>climbdown</hw> \K/"klVImd\F'\nUn/\k\p\In.\i\pa withdrawal from a position taken up in argument, negotiation, etc.
<hw>climber</hw> \K/"klVIm\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMountaineering\i a mountaineer.\p\B2\b \IBot\i a climbing plant.\p\B3\b a person with strong social etc. aspirations.
<hw>climbing frame</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IGames\i a structure of joined bars etc. for children to climb on.
<hw>climbing iron</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMountaineering\i a set of spikes attachable to a boot for climbing trees or ice slopes.
<hw>climbing perch</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a S. Asian freshwater fish, Anabas testudinens, able to breathe air and move over land. Also called \Ianabas.\i\Knew f. OERD Mar. 94\k
<hw>clime</hw> \K/klVIm/\k\p\In.\i\p\Iliterary\i\p\B1\b \IGeog\i a region.\p\B2\b \IMeteorol\i a climate. \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Iclima:\i see \J\Xclimate\x\j\c
<hw>clinch</hw> \K/klIn(t)S/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i confirm or settle (an argument, bargain, etc.) conclusively.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \IBoxing\i & \IWrestling\i (of participants) become too closely engaged.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i \Icolloq.\i embrace.\p\B4\b \Itr.\i \ICarpentry\i secure (a nail or rivet) by driving the point sideways when through.\p\B5\b \Itr.\i \INaut.\i fasten (a rope) with a particular half hitch.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a clinching action. \Bb\b a clinched state.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i an (esp. amorous) embrace.\p\B3\b \IBoxing\i & \IWrestling\i an action or state in which participants become too closely engaged. \BEtymology:\b \316th-c. variant of \J\Xclench\x\j\c
<hw>clincher</hw> \K/"klIn(t)S\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Icolloq.\i a remark or argument that settles a matter conclusively.
<hw>cline</hw> \K/klVIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBiol.\i a graded sequence of differences within a species etc.\p\B2\b a continuum with an infinite number of gradations.\Ksense 2 new f. OERD May 94\k \Bclinal\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iklinein\i 'to slope'\c
<hw>cling</hw> \K/klIN/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.intr.\i \I(past\i and \Ipast part.\i \Bclung\b \K/klVN/\k)\p\B1\b \I(foll. by \Bto)\b\i adhere, stick, or hold on (by means of stickiness, suction, grasping, or embracing).\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bto)\b\i remain persistently or stubbornly faithful (to a friend, habit, idea, etc.).\p\B3\b maintain one's grasp; keep hold; resist separation.\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i = \J\Xclingstone\x.\j\p\Bcling together\b remain in one body or in contact. \Bclinger\b\p\In.\i\p\Bclingingly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iclingan\i from Germanic, related to \J\Xclench\x\j\c
<hw>cling film</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ICookery\i a very thin clinging transparent plastic film, used as a covering esp. for food.
<hw>clingstone</hw> \K/"klINst\F'\nUn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a variety of peach or nectarine in which the flesh adheres to the stone \I(cf.\i \J\Xfreestone\x 2).\j
<hw>clingy</hw> \K/"klINi/\k \Iadj.\i \B(clingier,\b \Bclingiest)\b liable to cling. \Bclinginess\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>clinic</hw> \K/"klInIk/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMed\i a private or specialized hospital.\p\B2\b \IMed\i a place or occasion for giving specialist medical treatment or advice \3(eye clinic;\c \2fertility clinic).\c\p\B3\b \IMed\i a gathering at a hospital bedside for the teaching of medicine or surgery.\p\B4\b \BN. Amer.\b \IEducation\i a conference or short course on a particular subject \3(golf clinic).\c \Bclinician\b \K/klI"nIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Iclinique\i from Greek \Iklinike\i \I(tekhne)\i 'clinical', literally 'bedside (art)'\c
<hw>clinical</hw> \K/"klInIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IMed.\i \Ba\b of or for the treatment of patients. \Bb\b taught or learnt at the hospital bedside.\p\B2\b dispassionate, coldly detached.\p\B3\b (of a room, building, etc.) bare, functional.\Ksense 3 new f. SOED Aug 93\k \Bclinically\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iclinicus\i from Greek \Iklinikos,\i from \Ikline\i 'bed'\c
<hw>clinical death</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i death judged by observation of a person's condition.
<hw>clinical medicine</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i medicine dealing with the observation and treatment of patients.
<hw>clinical thermometer</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a thermometer with a small range, for taking a person's temperature.
<hw>clink (1)</hw> \K/klINk/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\pa sharp ringing sound.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i make a clink.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i cause (glasses etc.) to clink. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, probably from Middle Dutch \Iklinken;\i cf. \J\Xclang\x,\j \J\Xclank\x\j\c
<hw>clinker (1)</hw> \K/"klINk\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeol Mineral\i\p\B1\b a mass of slag or lava.\p\B2\b a stony residue from burnt coal. \BEtymology:\b \3earlier \Iclincard\i etc. from obsolete Dutch \Iklinkaerd,\i from \Iklinken\i \J\Xclink\x (1)\j\c
<hw>clinker (2)</hw> \K/"klINk\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b \Islang\i something excellent or outstanding.\p\B2\b \BN. Amer.\b \Icolloq.\i a mistake or blunder. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xclink\x (1)\j + \J\X-er\x (1)\j\c
<hw>clinker-built</hw> \K/klINk\F'\n"bIlt/\k \Iadj.\i (also \Bclincher-built\b \K/klIn(t)S\F'\n"bIlt/\k) \INaut\i (of a boat) having external planks overlapping downwards and secured with clinched copper nails \I(cf.\i \J\Xcarvel-built\x).\j \BEtymology:\b \3\Iclink,\i northern English variant of \J\Xclinch\x\j + \J\X-er\x (1)\j\c
<hw>clinkstone</hw> \K/"klINkst\F'\nUn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMineral\i a kind of feldspar that rings like iron when struck.
<hw>clinometer</hw> \K/klVI"nQmIt\F'\n/, /klI-/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISurveying\i an instrument for measuring slopes. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iklino\i 'to slope' + \J\X-meter\x\j\c
<hw>clint</hw> \K/klInt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeol.\i a block forming part of a natural limestone pavement. \ICf.\i \J\Xgrike\x.\j\Knew f. SOED Feb 95\k \BEtymology:\b \3Danish and Swedish \Iklint\i\c
<hw>cliometrics</hw> \K/klVI\F'\n"mEtrIks/\k\p\In.\i\pa method of historical research making much use of statistical information and methods. \BEtymology:\b \3\IClio,\i the name of the Muse of history + \J\Xmetric\x\j + \J\X-ics\x\j\c
<hw>clip (1)</hw> \K/klIp/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a device for holding things together or for attachment to an object as a marker, esp. a paper clip or a device worked by a spring.\p\B2\b \IJewellery\i a piece of jewellery fastened by a clip.\p\B3\b \IBallistics Mil\i a set of attached cartridges for a firearm. \Iv.tr.\i \B(clipped,\b \Bclipping)\b\p\B1\b fix with a clip.\p\B2\b grip tightly.\p\B3\b surround closely. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iclyppan\i 'embrace', from West Germanic\c
<hw>clip (2)</hw> \K/klIp/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.tr.\i \B(clipped,\b \Bclipping)\b\p\B1\b cut with shears or scissors, esp. cut short or trim (hair, wool, etc.).\p\B2\b \IHairdressing Agriculture\i trim or remove the hair or wool of (a person or animal).\p\B3\b \Icolloq.\i hit smartly.\p\B4\b \Ba\b curtail, diminish, cut short.\K4a new in COD9 f. Wordfinder Aug 93\k \Bb\b \IPhonet\i omit (a letter etc.) from a word; omit letters or syllables of (words pronounced).\p\B5\b \BBrit.\b remove a small piece of (a ticket) to show that it has been used.\p\B6\b cut (an extract) from a newspaper etc.\p\B7\b \Islang\i swindle, rob.\p\B8\b pare the edge of (a coin).\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an act of clipping, esp. shearing or hair-cutting.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i a smart blow, esp. with the hand.\p\B3\b \ICinematog\i a short sequence from a motion picture.\p\B4\b the quantity of wool clipped from a sheep, flock, etc.\p\B5\b \Icolloq.\i speed, esp. rapid.\p\1clip a person's wings\c prevent a person from pursuing ambitions or acting effectively. \Bclippable\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old Norse \Iklippa,\i probably imitative\c
<hw>clipboard</hw> \K/"klIpbO:d/\k\p\In.\i\pa small board with a spring clip for holding papers etc. and providing support for writing.
<hw>clip-clop</hw> \K/"klIpklQp/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\pa sound such as the beat of a horse's hoofs. \Iv.intr.\i \B(-clopped,\b \B-clopping)\b make such a sound. \BEtymology:\b \3imitative\c
<hw>clip joint</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Islang\i a nightclub etc. charging exorbitant prices.
<hw>clip-on</hw> \Iadj.\i attached by a clip.
<hw>clipper</hw> \K/"klIp\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i \IHairdressing\i any of various instruments for clipping hair, fingernails, hedges, etc.\p\B2\b \INaut\i a fast sailing ship, esp. one with raking bows and masts.\p\B3\b \IRiding\i a fast horse.
<hw>clippie</hw> \K/"klIpi/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ITransport\i \Icolloq.\i a bus conductress.
<hw>clipping</hw> \K/"klIpIN/\k\p\In.\i\pa piece clipped or cut from something, esp. from a newspaper, hedge, etc.
<hw>clique</hw> \K/kli:k/\k\p\In.\i\pa small exclusive group of people. \Bcliquey\b \Iadj.\i \B(cliquier,\b \Bcliquiest).\b \Bcliquish\b \Iadj.\i \Bcliquishness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French, from \Icliquer\i \J\Xclick\x\j\c
<hw>C.Lit.</hw> \Iabbr.\i (in the UK) Companion of Literature.
<hw>clitic</hw> \K/"klItIk/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(often \Battrib.)\b\i \IGram\i an enclitic or proclitic. \Bcliticization\b \K/-tIkVI"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>clitoridectomy</hw> \K/klIt(\F'\n)rI"dEkt\F'\nmi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IMed\i removal of the clitoris.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Nov 93\k
<hw>clitoris</hw> \K/"klIt(\F'\n)rIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnat\i a small erectile part of the female genitals at the anterior end of the vulva. \Bclitoral\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from Greek \Ikleitoris\i\c
<hw>cloaca</hw> \K/kl\F'\nU"eIk\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bcloacae\b \K/-si:/, /-ki:/\k)\p\B1\b \IZool Anat\i the genital and excretory cavity at the end of the intestinal canal in birds, reptiles, etc.\p\B2\b a sewer. \Bcloacal\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = sewer\c
<hw>cloak</hw> \K/kl\F'\nUk/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IClothing\i an outdoor overgarment, usu. sleeveless, hanging loosely from the shoulders.\p\B2\b a covering \3(cloak of snow).\c\p\B3\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \BBrit.\b = \J\Xcloakroom\x 2.\j \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b cover with a cloak.\p\B2\b conceal, disguise.\p\1under the cloak of\c using as a pretext. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Icloke,\i dialect variant of \Icloche\i 'bell, cloak' (from its bell shape) from medieval Latin \Iclocca\i 'bell': see \J\Xclock\x (1)\j\c
<hw>cloak-and-dagger</hw> \Iadj.\i \IPolit\i involving intrigue and espionage.
<hw>cloakroom</hw> \K/"kl\F'\nUkru:m/, /-rUm/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a room where outdoor clothes or luggage may be left by visitors, clients, etc.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b \Ieuphem.\i a lavatory.
<hw>clobber (1)</hw> \K/"klQb\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \Islang\i clothing or personal belongings. \BEtymology:\b \319th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>clobber (2)</hw> \K/"klQb\F'\n/\k \Iv.tr.\i \Islang\i\p\B1\b hit; beat up.\p\B2\b defeat.\p\B3\b inflict a punishment or loss on. \BEtymology:\b \320th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>cloche</hw> \K/klQS/, /kl\F'\nUS/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IHort\i a small translucent cover for protecting or forcing outdoor plants.\p\B2\b (in full \Bcloche hat)\b \IClothing\i a woman's close-fitting bell-shaped hat. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = bell, from medieval Latin \Iclocca:\i see \J\Xclock\x (1)\j\c
<hw>clock (1)</hw> \K/klQk/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IHorol\i an instrument for measuring time, driven mechanically or electrically and indicating hours, minutes, etc., by hands on a dial or by displayed figures.\p\B2\b \Ba\b any measuring device resembling a clock. \Bb\b \Icolloq.\i a speedometer, taximeter, or stopwatch.\p\B3\b \ISport\i time taken as an element in competitive sports etc. \3(ran against the clock).\c\p\B4\b \BBrit.\b \Islang\i a person's face.\p\B5\b \BBrit.\b \IBot\i a downy seed-head, esp. that of a dandelion. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \Icolloq.\i \Ba\b \I(often foll. by \Bup)\b\i attain or register (a stated time, distance, or speed, esp. in a race). \Bb\b \ISport\i time (a race) with a stopwatch.\p\B2\b \Islang\i hit, esp. on the head.\p\B3\b \Islang\i \Ba\b see or spot (a person or thing). \Bb\b watch, stare at.\Kv. sense 3 new in COD9 f. ODNW Aug 93\k\p\Bclock in\b (or \Bon)\b register one's arrival at work, esp. by means of an automatic recording clock.\p\Bclock off\b (or \Bout)\b register one's departure similarly.\p\1round the clock\c all day and (usu.) night.\p\1watch the clock\c = \J\Xclock-watch\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Middle Dutch, Middle Low German \Iklocke\i from medieval Latin \Iclocca\i 'bell', perhaps from Celtic\c
<hw>clock (2)</hw> \K/klQk/\k\p\In.\i\p\IClothing\i an ornamental pattern on the side of a stocking or sock near the ankle. \BEtymology:\b \316th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>clock golf</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ISport Golf\i a game in which a golf ball is putted into a hole from successive points in a circle.
<hw>clockmaker</hw> \K/"klQkmeIk\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IHorol\i a person who makes and repairs clocks and watches. \Bclockmaking\b\p\In.\i\p\Knew f. corpus, incomings Mar 94\k
<hw>clock radio</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IHorol. Electr.\i a combined radio and alarm clock.
<hw>clock tower</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IArchit\i a tower, esp. forming part of a church or civic building, displaying a large clock.\Knew f. corpus, incomings, SOED Mar 94\k
<hw>clock-watch</hw> \Iv.intr.\i \IIndustry\i work over-anxiously to time, esp. so as not to exceed minimum working hours. \Bclock-watcher\b\p\In.\i\p\Bclock-watching\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>clockwise</hw> \K/"klQkwVIz/\k \Iadj. & adv.\i in a curve corresponding in direction to the movement of the hands of a clock.
<hw>clockwork</hw> \K/"klQkw\F'\n:k/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMech\i a mechanism like that of a mechanical clock, with a spring and gears.\p\B2\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i \Ba\b driven by clockwork. \Bb\b regular, mechanical.\p\1like clockwork\c smoothly, regularly, automatically.
<hw>clod</hw> \K/klQd/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a lump of earth, clay, etc.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i a silly or foolish person.\p\B3\b \ICookery\i meat cut from the neck of an ox.\Kcloddy omitted Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English: variant of \J\Xclot\x\j\c
<hw>clog</hw> \K/klQg/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a shoe with a thick wooden sole.\p\B2\b \Iarchaic\i an encumbrance or impediment.\p\B3\b a block of wood to impede an animal's movement.\p\Iv.\i\p\B(clogged,\b \Bclogging)\b\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bup)\b\i \Ba\b \Itr.\i obstruct, esp. by accumulation of glutinous matter. \Bb\b \Iintr.\i become obstructed.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i impede, hamper.\p\B3\b \Itr. & intr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bup)\b\i fill with glutinous or choking matter. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English: origin unknown\c
<hw>clog dance</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IDancing\i a dance performed in clogs.
<hw>cloisonnΘ</hw> \K/"klwA:zQneI/, /-"zQneI/\k \In. & adj.\i \IPorcelain\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an enamel finish produced by forming areas of different colours separated by strips of wire placed edgeways on a metal backing.\p\B2\b this process. \Iadj.\i (of enamel) made by this process. \BEtymology:\b \3French, from \Icloison\i 'compartment'\c
<hw>cloister</hw> \K/"klOIst\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\IEccl\i\p\B1\b a covered walk, often with a wall on one side and a colonnade open to a quadrangle on the other, esp. in a convent, monastery, college, or cathedral.\p\B2\b monastic life or seclusion.\p\B3\b a convent or monastery. \Iv.tr.\i seclude or shut up, usu. in a convent or monastery. \Bcloistral\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icloistre\i from Latin \Iclaustrum,\i \Iclostrum\i 'lock, enclosed place', from \Iclaudere claus-\i \J\Xclose\x (2)\j\c
<hw>clone</hw> \K/kl\F'\nUn/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\IBiol\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a group of cells or organisms produced asexually from one stock or ancestor. \Bb\b one such cell or organism.\p\B2\b a person or thing regarded as identical with another. \Iv.tr.\i propagate as a clone. \Bclonal\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iklon\i 'twig, slip'\c
<hw>clonk</hw> \K/klQNk/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\pan abrupt heavy sound of impact.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i make such a sound.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \Icolloq.\i hit. \BEtymology:\b \3imitative\c
<hw>clonus</hw> \K/"kl\F'\nUn\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysiol.\i a spasm with alternate muscular contractions and relaxations. \Bclonic\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iklonos\i 'turmoil'\c
<hw>clop</hw> \K/klQp/\k \In. & v.\i \IZool Riding\i\p\In.\i\pthe sound made by a horse's hoofs. \Iv.intr.\i \B(clopped,\b \Bclopping)\b make this sound. \BEtymology:\b \3imitative\c
\B\IcloquΘ\b\i \K/"kl\F'\nUkeI/, French /klOke/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITextiles\i a fabric with an irregularly raised surface. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = blistered\c
<hw>close (1)</hw> \K/kl\F'\nUs/\k \Iadj., adv., & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i situated at only a short distance or interval.\p\B2\b \Ba\b having a strong or immediate relation or connection \3(close friend;\c \2close relative).\c \Bb\b in intimate friendship or association \3(were very close).\c \Bc\b corresponding almost exactly \3(close resemblance).\c \Bd\b fitting tightly \3(close cap).\c \Be\b (of hair etc.) short, near the surface.\p\B3\b in or almost in contact \3(close combat;\c \2close proximity).\c\p\B4\b dense, compact, with no or only slight intervals \3(close texture;\c \2close writing;\c \2close formation;\c \2close thicket).\c\p\B5\b in which competitors are almost equal \3(close contest;\c \2close election).\c\p\B6\b leaving no gaps or weaknesses, rigorous \3(close reasoning).\c\p\B7\b concentrated, searching \3(close examination;\c \2close attention).\c\p\B8\b (of air etc.) stuffy or humid.\p\B9\b closed, shut.\p\B10\b limited or restricted to certain persons etc. \3(close corporation;\c \2close scholarship).\c\p\B11\b \Ba\b hidden, secret, covered. \Bb\b secretive.\p\B12\b (of a danger etc.) directly threatening, narrowly avoided \3(that was close).\c\p\B13\b niggardly.\p\B14\b \IPhonet\i (of a vowel) produced with a relatively narrow opening of the mouth and with the tongue close to the palate.\p\B15\b narrow, confined, contracted.\p\B16\b under prohibition. \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bby,\b \Bto)\b\i at only a short distance or interval \3(they live close by;\c \2close to the church).\c\p\B2\b closely, in a close manner \3(shut close).\c\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an enclosed space.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b a street closed at one end.\p\B3\b \BBrit.\b the precinct of a cathedral.\p\B4\b \BBrit.\b a school playing field or playground.\p\B5\b \BSc.\b an entry from the street to a common stairway or to a court at the back.\p\1close on\c (or \Bupon)\b \BBrit.\b nearly, very near to \3(it took close on three hours).\c\p\1close to the wind\c \Isee\i \J\Xwind\x (1).\j\p\Bgo close\b \IRacing\i (of a racehorse) win or almost win. \Bclosely\b \Iadv.\i \Bcloseness\b\p\In.\i\p\Bclosish\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iclos\i from Latin \Iclausum\i 'enclosure' & \Iclausus,\i past part. of \Iclaudere\i 'shut'\c
<hw>close (2)</hw> \K/kl\F'\nUz/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \Itr.\i shut (a lid, box, door, room, house, etc.). \Bb\b \Iintr.\i be shut \3(the door closed slowly).\c \Bc\b \Itr.\i block up.\p\B2\b \Ba\b \Itr. & intr.\i bring or come to an end. \Bb\b \Iintr.\i finish speaking \3(closed with an expression of thanks).\c \Bc\b \Itr.\i settle (a bargain etc.).\p\B3\b \Ba\b \Iintr.\i end the day's business. \Bb\b \Itr.\i end the day's business at (a shop, office, etc.).\p\B4\b \Itr. & intr.\i bring or come closer or into contact \3(close ranks).\c\p\B5\b \Itr.\i \IElectr\i make (an electric circuit etc.) continuous.\p\B6\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bwith)\b\i express agreement (with an offer, terms, or the person offering them).\p\B7\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i come within striking distance; grapple.\p\B8\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bon)\b\i (of a hand, box, etc.) grasp or entrap.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a conclusion, an end.\p\B2\b \IMus.\i a cadence.\p\Bclose down\b\p\B1\b discontinue (or cause to discontinue) business, esp. permanently.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b \IBroadcasting\i (of a broadcasting station) end transmission, esp. until the next day.\p\1close one's eyes\c\p\B1\b \I(foll. by \Bto)\b\i pay no attention.\p\B2\b die.\p\Bclose in\b\p\B1\b enclose.\p\B2\b come nearer.\p\B3\b (of days) get successively shorter with the approach of the winter solstice.\p\Bclose out\b \BN. Amer.\b discontinue, terminate, dispose of (a business).\p\Bclose up\b\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i move closer.\p\B2\b shut, esp. temporarily.\p\B3\b block up.\p\B4\b (of an aperture) grow smaller.\p\B5\b coalesce. \Bclosable\b \Iadj.\i \Bcloser\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iclos-\i stem of \Iclore\i from Latin \Iclaudere\i 'shut'\c
<hw>close-coupled</hw> \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IEngin\i attached or fixed close together.\p\B2\b \IPlumbing\i (of a lavatory unit) with the cistern and pan directly connected.\Knew f. corpus, incomings Mar 94\k
<hw>close-cropped</hw> \Iadj.\i \IHairdressing\i (esp. of hair or grass) cut very short.\Knew f. corpus, SOED Mar 94\k
<hw>closed</hw> \K/kl\F'\nUzd/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b not giving access; shut.\p\B2\b (of a shop etc.) having ceased business temporarily.\p\B3\b (of a society, system, etc.) self-contained; not communicating with others.\p\B4\b \ISport\i (of a sport etc.) restricted to specified competitors etc.
<hw>closed book</hw>\p\In.\i\pa subject about which one is ignorant.
<hw>closed-circuit</hw> \Iattrib.adj.\i \IElectronics Telev\i (of television) transmitted by wires to a restricted set of receivers.
<hw>closed-end</hw> \Iadj.\i having a predetermined extent \I(cf.\i \J\Xopen-ended\x).\j
<hw>closed-in</hw> \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b enclosed.\p\B2\b lacking in space; restricted.\Knew f. corpus, incomings Mar 94\k
<hw>close-down</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an act of closing down (a business etc.); a cessation of work or use.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b \IBroadcasting\i the end of transmission of broadcasting until the next day.\Kclose-down new in COD9 f. OED Aug 93\k
<hw>closed shop</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IIndustry\i\p\B1\b a place of work etc. where all employees must belong to an agreed trade union.\p\B2\b this system.
<hw>closed syllable</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhonet\i a syllable ending in a consonant.
<hw>close-fisted</hw> \Iadj.\i niggardly.
<hw>close-fitting</hw> \Iadj.\i \IClothing\i (of a garment) fitting close to the body.
<hw>close-grained</hw> \Iadj.\i without gaps between fibres etc.
<hw>close harmony</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMus\i harmony in which the notes of the chord are close together, esp. in vocal music.
<hw>close-hauled</hw> \Iadj.\i \INaut\i (of a ship) with the sails hauled aft to sail close to the wind.
<hw>close-in</hw> \Iattrib.adj.\i\p\B1\b \Iesp. Mil Sport\i close-range.\p\B2\b close to the centre.\Knew f. corpus, incomings Mar 94\k
<hw>close-knit</hw> \Iadj.\i tightly bound or interlocked; closely united in friendship.
<hw>close-mouthed</hw> \Iadj.\i reticent.
<hw>close quarters</hw> \In.pl.\i (usu. in phr. \Bat\b or \Bfrom close quarters)\b a very short distance. \Bclose-quarter\b \Iattrib.adj.\i \3(a close-quarter glimpse).\c\Knew as hwd; close-quarter new f. corpus Oct 94\k
<hw>close-range</hw> \Iattrib.adj.\i\p\B1\b at or from a short distance.\p\B2\b (of a weapon) designed to be fired over a short distance.\Knew f. OED, corpus Mar 94\k
<hw>close-run</hw> \Iattrib.adj.\i (of a race, election, etc.) closely contested; almost even in outcome.\Knew f. corpus Mar 94\k
<hw>close season</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B(N. Amer.\b \Bclosed season)\b \IHunting etc.\i the season when something, esp. the killing of game etc., is illegal.
<hw>close-set</hw> \Iadj.\i set close together; separated only by a small interval or intervals.
<hw>close shave</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Icolloq.\i a narrow escape.
<hw>closet</hw> \K/"klQzIt/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a small or private room.\p\B2\b a cupboard or recess.\p\B3\b \BBrit.\b = \J\Xwater closet\x.\j\p\B4\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i secret, covert \3(closet homosexual).\c \Iv.tr.\i \B(closeted,\b \Bcloseting)\b shut away, esp. in private conference or study. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French, diminutive of \Iclos:\i see \J\Xclose\x (1)\j\c
<hw>closet play</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcloset drama)\b \ITheatr.\i a play to be read rather than acted.\Kc. drama new f. incomings Oct 94\k
<hw>close-up</hw> \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPhotog\i a photograph etc. taken at close range and showing the subject on a large scale.\p\B2\b an intimate description. \Iattrib.adj.\i \Iesp. Photogr\i at close range.\Kadj. new f. corpus, incomings Mar 94\k
<hw>closing time</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i the time at which a public house, shop, etc., ends business.
<hw>clostridial</hw> \K/klQ"strIdI\F'\nl/\k \Iadj.\i \IMed Biol\i of, relating to, or caused by rod-shaped bacteria of the genus \IClostridium,\i many which cause disease (e.g. tetanus, botulism).\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Nov 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin genus name \IClostridium,\i from Greek \Ikloster\i 'spindle'\c
<hw>closure</hw> \K/"kl\F'\nUZ\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or process of closing.\p\B2\b a closed condition.\p\B3\b something that closes or seals, e.g. a cap or tie.\p\B4\b \Besp. Brit.\b \IParl\i a procedure for ending a debate and taking a vote, esp. in a legislative assembly. \Iv.tr.\i \IParl\i apply the closure to (a motion, speakers, etc.) in a legislative assembly. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Late Latin \Iclausura,\i from \Iclaudere claus-\i \J\Xclose\x (2)\j\c
<hw>clot</hw> \K/klQt/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a thick mass of coagulated liquid, esp. of blood. \Bb\b a mass of material stuck together.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i a silly or foolish person. \Iv.tr. & intr.\i \B(clotted,\b \Bclotting)\b form into clots. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iclot(t)\i from West Germanic: probably related to \J\Xcleat\x\j\c
<hw>cloth</hw> \K/klQT/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bcloths\b \K/klQTz/, /klQDz/\k)\p\B1\b \ITextiles\i woven or felted material.\p\B2\b a piece of this.\p\B3\b a piece of cloth for a particular purpose; a tablecloth, dishcloth, etc.\p\B4\b \ITextiles\i woollen woven fabric as used for clothes.\p\B5\b \IEccl\i \Ba\b profession or status, esp. of the clergy, as shown by clothes \3(respect due to his cloth).\c \Bb\b \I(prec. by \Bthe)\b\i the clergy. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iclath,\i of unknown origin\c
<hw>cloth-cap</hw> \Iadj.\i \BBrit.\b \ISociol\i relating to or associated with the working class.
<hw>clothe</hw> \K/kl\F'\nUD/\k \Iv.tr.\i \I(past\i and \Ipast part.\i \Bclothed\b or \Iarchaic\i or \Iliterary\i \Bclad\b \K/klad/\k)\p\B1\b put clothes on; provide with clothes (see also \J\Xclad\x (1)).\j\p\B2\b cover as with clothes or a cloth.\p\B3\b \I(foll. by \Bwith)\b\i endue (with qualities etc.). \BEtymology:\b \3Old English: related to \J\Xcloth\x\j\c
<hw>cloth-eared</hw> \Iadj.\i \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i somewhat deaf or insensitive to sound.
<hw>clothes</hw> \K/kl\F'\nU(D)z/\k \In.pl.\i\p\B1\b \IClothing\i garments worn to cover the body and limbs.\p\B2\b bedclothes. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iclathas\i pl. of \Iclath\i \J\Xcloth\x\j\c
<hw>clothes horse</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a frame for airing washed clothes.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i an affectedly fashionable person.
<hw>clothes line</hw>\p\In.\i\pa rope or wire etc. on which washed clothes are hung to dry.
<hw>clothes-moth</hw> \Isee\i \J\Xmoth\x 2.\j
<hw>clothes-peg</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b a clip or forked device for securing clothes to a clothes line.
<hw>clothes-pin</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b a clothes-peg.
<hw>clothier</hw> \K/"kl\F'\nUDI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IClothing\i a seller of men's clothes. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English \Iclother\i from \J\Xcloth\x\j\c
<hw>cloth of gold</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcloth of silver)\b \ITextiles\i tissue of gold (or silver) threads interwoven with silk or wool.
<hw>clotted cream</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Besp. Brit.\b \IFood\i thick cream obtained by slow scalding.
<hw>cloture</hw> \K/"kl\F'\nUtjU\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i \BUS\b\p\In.\i\p= \J\Xclosure\x\p\In.\i\p4.\j \Iv.tr.\i = \J\Xclosure\x\p\Iv.\i\p\j \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icl⌠ture\i from Old French \J\Xclosure\x\j\c
\B\Iclou\b\i \K/klu:/, French /klu/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the point of greatest interest; the chief attraction.\p\B2\b the central idea. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = nail\c
<hw>cloud</hw> \K/klaUd/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMeteorol\i a visible mass of condensed watery vapour floating in the atmosphere high above the general level of the ground.\p\B2\b a mass of smoke or dust.\p\B3\b \I(foll. by \Bof)\b\i a great number of insects, birds, etc., moving together.\p\B4\b \Ba\b a state of gloom, trouble, or suspicion. \Bb\b a frowning or depressed look \3(a cloud on his brow).\c\p\B5\b a local dimness or a vague patch of colour in or on a liquid or a transparent body.\p\B6\b an unsubstantial or fleeting thing.\p\B7\b obscurity.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i cover or darken with clouds or gloom or trouble.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bover,\b \Bup)\b\i \IMeteorol\i become overcast or gloomy.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i make unclear.\p\B4\b \Itr.\i variegate with vague patches of colour.\p\1in the clouds\c\p\B1\b unreal, imaginary, mystical.\p\B2\b (of a person) abstracted, inattentive.\p\1on cloud nine\c (or \Iarchaic\i \Bseven)\b \Icolloq.\i extremely happy.\p\1under a cloud\c out of favour, discredited, under suspicion.\p\1with one's head in the clouds\c daydreaming, unrealistic. \Bcloudless\b \Iadj.\i \Bcloudlessly\b \Iadv.\i \Bcloudlet\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iclud\i 'mass of rock or earth', probably related to \J\Xclod\x\j\c
<hw>cloud base</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMeteorol\i the mass of cloud that is lowest in altitude.\Knew f. corpus Mar 94\k
<hw>cloudberry</hw> \K/"klaUdbEri/, /-b(\F'\n)ri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IBot\i a small mountain bramble, Rubus chamaemorus, with a white flower and an orange-coloured fruit.
<hw>cloudburst</hw> \K/"klaUdb\F'\n:st/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMeteorol\i a sudden violent rainstorm.
<hw>cloud-castle</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b a daydream.
<hw>cloud chamber</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i a device containing vapour for tracking the paths of charged particles, X-rays, and gamma rays.
<hw>cloud cover</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMeteorol\i\p\B1\b a canopy of clouds.\p\B2\b the extent of this canopy.\Knew f. corpus, SOED Mar 94\k
<hw>cloud-cuckoo-land</hw>\p\In.\i\pa fanciful or ideal place. \BEtymology:\b \3translation of Greek \INephelokokkugia,\i from \Inephele\i 'cloud' + \Ikokkux\i 'cuckoo' (in Aristophanes' \IBirds)\i\c
<hw>clouded leopard</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a large spotted arboreal cat, Neofelis nebulosa, of SE Asia.
<hw>cloud-hopping</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAeron\i movement of an aircraft from cloud to cloud, esp. for concealment.
<hw>cloud-land</hw>\p\In.\i\pa utopia or fairyland.
<hw>cloudscape</hw> \K/"klaUdskeIp/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a picturesque grouping of clouds.\p\B2\b \IArt\i a picture or view of clouds. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xcloud\x\p\In.\i\p,\j on the pattern of \Ilandscape\i\c
<hw>cloudy</hw> \K/"klaUdi/\k \Iadj.\i \B(cloudier,\b \Bcloudiest)\b\p\B1\b \IMeteorol\i \Ba\b (of the sky) covered with clouds, overcast. \Bb\b (of weather) characterized by clouds.\p\B2\b not transparent; unclear. \Bcloudily\b \Iadv.\i \Bcloudiness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>clough</hw> \K/klVf/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeol\i \Idial.\i a steep valley usu. with a torrent bed; a ravine. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Icloh,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>clout</hw> \K/klaUt/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a heavy blow.\p\B2\b \IPolit\i \Icolloq.\i influence, power of effective action, esp. in politics or business.\p\B3\b \IClothing\i \Idial.\i a piece of cloth or clothing \3(cast not a clout).\c\p\B4\b \IArchery\i \Ihist.\i a piece of canvas on a frame, used as a mark.\p\B5\b \ITools\i a nail with a large flat head.\p\B6\b a patch. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b hit hard.\p\B2\b mend with a patch. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iclut,\i related to \J\Xcleat\x,\j \J\Xclot\x\j\c
<hw>clove (1)</hw> \K/kl\F'\nUv/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \ICookery\i a dried flower bud of a tropical plant, Eugenia aromatica, used as a pungent aromatic spice. \Bb\b \IBot\i this plant.\p\B2\b (in full \Bclove gillyflower or clove pink)\b \IBot\i a clove-scented pink, Dianthus caryophyllus, the original of the carnation and other double pinks. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iclou\i \I(de girofle)\i 'nail (of gillyflower)', from its shape, \J\Xgillyflower\x\j being originally the name of the spice; later applied to the similarly scented pink\c
<hw>clove (2)</hw> \K/kl\F'\nUv/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i any of the small bulbs making up a compound bulb of garlic, shallot, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iclufu,\i related to \J\Xcleave\x (1)\j\c
<hw>clove hitch</hw>\p\In.\i\p\INaut\i a knot by which a rope is secured by passing it twice round a spar or rope that it crosses at right angles. \BEtymology:\b \3old past part. of \J\Xcleave\x (1),\j as showing parallel separate lines\c
<hw>cloven hoof</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcloven foot)\b \IZool\i the divided hoof of ruminant quadrupeds (e.g. oxen, sheep, goats); also ascribed to the god Pan, and so to the Devil.\p\1show the cloven hoof\c reveal one's evil nature. \Bcloven-footed\b \K/-"fUtId/\k \Iadj.\i \Bcloven-hoofed\b \K/-"hu:ft/\k \Iadj.\i
<hw>clove pink</hw> \Isee\i \J\Xclove\x (1) 2.\j
<hw>clover</hw> \K/"kl\F'\nUv\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i any leguminous fodder plant of the genus \ITrifolium,\i having dense flower heads and leaves each consisting of usu. three leaflets.\p\1in clover\c in ease and luxury. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iclafre,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>cloverleaf</hw> \K/"kl\F'\nUv\F'\nli:f/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITransport\i a junction of roads intersecting at different levels with connecting sections forming the pattern of a four-leaved clover.
<hw>clown</hw> \K/klaUn/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ITheatr\i a comic entertainer, esp. in a pantomime or circus, usu. with traditional costume and make-up.\p\B2\b a silly, foolish, or playful person.\p\B3\b \Iarchaic\i a rustic.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Babout,\b \Baround)\b\i behave like a clown; act foolishly or playfully.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i perform (a part, an action, etc.) like a clown. \Bclownery\b\p\In.\i\p\Bclownish\b \Iadj.\i \Bclownishly\b \Iadv.\i \Bclownishness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \316th c.: perhaps of Low German origin\c
<hw>cloy</hw> \K/klOI/\k \Iv.tr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bwith)\b\i satiate or sicken with an excess of sweetness, richness, etc. \Bcloyingly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from obsolete \Iaccloy,\i via Anglo-French \Iacloyer,\i Old French \Iencloyer\i from Romanic\c
<hw>cloze</hw> \K/kl\F'\nUz/\k\p\In.\i\p\IEducation\i the exercise of supplying a word that has been omitted from a passage as a test of readability or comprehension \I(usu. \Battrib.:\b\i \2cloze test).\c \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xclosure\x\j\c
<hw>club</hw> \K/klVb/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a heavy stick with a thick end, used as a weapon etc.\p\B2\b \ISport\i a stick used in a game, esp. a stick with a head used in golf.\p\B3\b \ICards\i \Ba\b a playing card of a suit denoted by a black trefoil. \Bb\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i this suit.\p\B4\b \ISociol\i an association of persons united by a common interest, usu. meeting periodically for a shared activity \3(tennis club;\c \2yacht club).\c\p\B5\b an organization or premises offering members social amenities, meals and temporary residence, etc.\p\B6\b a commercial organization offering subscribers special deals \3(book club).\c\p\B7\b a group of persons, nations, etc., having something in common.\p\B8\b = \J\Xclubhouse\x.\j\p\B9\b \IBot\i a structure or organ, esp. in a plant, with a knob at the end.\p\Iv.\i\p\B(clubbed,\b \Bclubbing)\b\p\B1\b \Itr.\i beat with or as with a club.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Btogether)\b\i combine with others for joint action, esp. making up a sum of money for a purpose.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i contribute (money etc.) to a common stock.\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i \Icolloq.\i go out to nightclubs \3(went clubbing every weekend).\c\Ksense 4 new f. OERD May 94\k\p\1in the club\c \BBrit.\b \Islang\i pregnant.\Kon the club omitted Oct 94\k \Bclubber\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old Norse \Iklubba,\i assimilated form of \Iklumba\i 'club', related to \J\Xclump\x\j\c
<hw>clubbable</hw> \K/"klVb\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i sociable; fit for membership of a club. \Bclubbability\b \K/-"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bclubbableness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>club car</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b \IRailways\i a railway carriage equipped with a lounge and other amenities.\Knew f. K. Barber Oct 94\k
<hw>club class</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ITransport\i a class of fare on aircraft etc. designed for the business traveller.
<hw>club foot</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a congenitally deformed foot. \Bclub-footed\b \Iadj.\i\Kclub-footed subsumed Aug 92 aaw\k
<hw>clubhouse</hw> \K/"klVbhaUs/\k\p\In.\i\pthe premises used by a club.
<hw>clubland</hw> \K/"klVbland/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b an area where many clubs are, esp. St James's in London.
<hw>clubman</hw> \K/"klVbm\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-men)\b a member of one or more clubs \I(see\i \J\Xclub\x\p\In.\i\p5).\j\Kxref altered Aug 92 aaw\k
<hw>clubmate</hw> \K/"klVbmeIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISport\i a fellow member of a sports club.\Knew f. corpus Mar 94\k
<hw>clubmoss</hw> \K/"klVbmQs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a usu. small creeping plant of the pteridophyte family Lycopodiaceae, bearing upright spikes of spore cases.
<hw>clubroot</hw> \K/"klVbru:t/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a disease of cabbages etc. with swelling at the base of the stem.
<hw>club sandwich</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IFood\i a sandwich of meat (esp. chicken and bacon), tomato, lettuce, and dressing, usu. with two layers of filling between three slices of toast or bread.
<hw>club soda</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b \IDrink\i = \J\Xsoda\x 2.\j\Knew f. K. Barber Oct 94\k
<hw>cluck</hw> \K/klVk/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a guttural cry like that of a hen.\p\B2\b \Islang\i a silly or foolish person \3(dumb cluck).\c \Iv.intr.\i emit a cluck or clucks. \BEtymology:\b \3imitative\c
<hw>clucky</hw> \K/"klVki/\k \Iadj.\i \IZool\i (of a hen) sitting on eggs.
<hw>clue</hw> \K/klu:/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a fact or idea that serves as a guide, or suggests a line of enquiry, in a problem or investigation.\p\B2\b \ICriminol\i a piece of evidence etc. in the detection of a crime.\p\B3\b a verbal formula serving as a hint as to what is to be inserted in a crossword.\p\B4\b \Ba\b the thread of a story. \Bb\b a train of thought. \Iv.tr.\i \B(clues,\b \Bclued,\b \Bcluing\b or \Bclueing)\b provide a clue to.\p\Bclue in\b (or \BBrit.\b \Bup)\b \Islang\i inform.\p\1not have a clue\c \Icolloq.\i be ignorant or incompetent. \BEtymology:\b \3variant of \J\Xclew\x\j\c
<hw>clued-up</hw> \Iadj.\i well informed, intelligent.\Knew in COD9 f. corpus, COD box Aug 93\k
<hw>clump</hw> \K/klVmp/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \I(foll. by \Bof)\b\i \IBot\i a cluster of plants, esp. trees or shrubs.\p\B2\b \IPhysiol\i an agglutinated mass of blood cells etc.\p\B3\b \IClothing\i a thick extra sole on a boot or shoe.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \Iintr.\i form a clump. \Bb\b \Itr.\i heap or plant together.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i (also \Bclomp\b \K/klQmp/\k) walk with heavy tread.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \Icolloq.\i hit. \Bclumpy\b \Iadj.\i \B(clumpier,\b \Bclumpiest).\b \BEtymology:\b \3Middle Low German \Iklumpe,\i Middle Dutch \Iklompe,\i related to \J\Xclub\x\j\c
<hw>clumsy</hw> \K/"klVmzi/\k \Iadj.\i \B(clumsier,\b \Bclumsiest)\b\p\B1\b awkward in movement or shape; ungainly.\p\B2\b difficult to handle or use.\p\B3\b tactless. \Bclumsily\b \Iadv.\i \Bclumsiness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3obsolete \Iclumse\i 'be numb with cold' (probably from Scandinavian)\c
<hw>clung</hw> \I\Ipast\i and \Ipast part.\i of\i \J\Xcling\x.\j
<hw>clunk</hw> \K/klVNk/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\pa dull sound as of thick pieces of metal meeting. \Iv.intr.\i make such a sound. \BEtymology:\b \3imitative\c
<hw>clunker</hw> \K/"klVNk\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b \Icolloq.\i\p\B1\b a dilapidated vehicle or machine.\p\B2\b a failure, a flop.\Knew f. K. Barker, incomings Oct 94\k
<hw>clunky</hw> \K/"klVNki/\k \Iadj.\i \B(clunkier,\b \Bclunkiest)\b \Icolloq.\i\p\B1\b making a clunking sound.\p\B2\b \BN. Amer.\b awkward, clumsy.\Knew f. K. Barber, incomings, corpus Oct 94\k
<hw>cluster</hw> \K/"klVst\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBot\i a close group or bunch of similar things growing together.\p\B2\b a close group or swarm of people, animals, faint stars, gems, etc.\p\B3\b \IPhonet\i a group of successive consonants or vowels.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i bring into a cluster or clusters.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i be or come into a cluster or clusters.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bround,\b \Baround)\b\i gather, congregate. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iclyster\i\c
<hw>cluster bomb</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMil Ballistics\i an anti-personnel bomb spraying pellets on impact.
<hw>clustered</hw> \K/"klVst\F'\nd/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b growing in or brought into a cluster.\p\B2\b \IArchit.\i (of pillars, columns, or shafts) several close together, or disposed round or half-detached from a pier.
<hw>cluster fly</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a dipterous fly, Pollenia rudis, with larvae parasitic on earthworms, which gathers around buildings in autumn.\Knew f. OBInsects, Coll. Nov 93\k
<hw>cluster pine</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a Mediterranean pine, Pinus pinaster, with clustered cones. \IAlso called\i \Ipinaster.\i
<hw>clutch (1)</hw> \K/klVtS/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i seize eagerly; grasp tightly.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bat)\b\i try, esp. desperately, to seize or grasp.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a tight grasp. \Bb\b \I(foll. by \Bat)\b\i an act of grasping.\p\B2\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i grasping hands, esp. as representing a cruel or relentless grasp or control.\p\B3\b \IMech\i \Ba\b (in a motor vehicle) a device for connecting and disconnecting the engine and the transmission. \Bb\b the pedal operating this. \Bc\b an arrangement for connecting or disconnecting working parts of a machine. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English \Iclucche,\i \Iclicche\i via Old English \Iclyccan\i 'crook, clench' from Germanic\c
<hw>clutch (2)</hw> \K/klVtS/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool\i a set of eggs for hatching.\p\B2\b a brood of chickens. \BEtymology:\b \318th c.: probably southern English variant of \Icletch,\i from \Icleck\i 'to hatch' from Old Norse \Iklekja,\i associated with \J\Xclutch\x (1)\j\c
<hw>clutch bag</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IFashion\i a slim flat handbag without handles.
<hw>clutter</hw> \K/"klVt\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a crowded and untidy collection of things.\p\B2\b an untidy state. \Iv.tr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bup,\b \Bwith)\b\i crowd untidily, fill with clutter. \BEtymology:\b \3partly a variant of \Iclotter\i 'coagulate', partly associated with \J\Xcluster\x,\j \J\Xclatter\x\j\c
<hw>Clydesdale</hw> \K/"klVIdzdeIl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a horse of a heavy powerful breed, used as draught horses. \Bb\b this breed.\p\B2\b a kind of small terrier. \BEtymology:\b \3originally bred near the river \IClyde\i in Scotland: see \J\Xdale\x\j\c
<hw>clypeus</hw> \K/"klIpI\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bclypei\b \K/-pIVI/\k) \IZool Anat\i a broad plate at the front of an insect's head. \Bclypeal\b \Iadj.\i \Bclypeate\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = round shield\c
<hw>clyster</hw> \K/"klIst\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i \IMed\i \Iarchaic\i\p\In.\i\pan enema. \Iv.tr.\i treat with an enema. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iclystere\i or Latin \Iclyster\i from Greek \Ikluster\i 'syringe', from \Ikluzo\i 'wash out'\c
<hw>CM</hw> \Iabbr.\i Member of the Order of Canada.
<hw>Cm</hw> \Isymb.\i \IChem.\i the element curium.
<hw>CMG</hw> \Iabbr.\i (in the UK) Companion (of the Order) of St Michael and St George.
<hw>Cmnd.</hw> \Iabbr.\i \BBrit.\b \IParl\i Command Paper (fifth series, 1956-86).
<hw>CNAA</hw> \Iabbr.\i (in the UK) Council for National Academic Awards.
<hw>CND</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IPolit\i (in the UK) Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament.
<hw>cnr.</hw> \Iabbr.\i corner.
<hw>CNS</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IAnat\i central nervous system.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Nov 93\k
<hw>CO</hw> \Iabbr.\i\p\B1\b \IMil\i Commanding Officer.\p\B2\b \IMil Polit\i conscientious objector.\p\B3\b \BUS\b \IGeog\i Colorado (in official postal use).
<hw>Co</hw> \Isymb.\i \IChem.\i the element cobalt.
<hw>Co.</hw> \Iabbr.\i\p\B1\b \ICommerce\i company.\p\B2\b \IPolit\i county.\p\1and Co.\c \K/k\F'\nU/\k \Icolloq.\i and the rest of them; and similar things.
<hw>co-</hw> \K/k\F'\nU/\k \Iprefix\i\p\B1\b added to: \Ba\b nouns, with the sense 'joint, mutual, common' \3(co-author;\c \2co-equality).\c \Bb\b adjectives and adverbs, with the sense 'jointly, mutually' \3(co-belligerent;\c \2co-equal;\c \2co-equally).\c \Bc\b verbs, with the sense 'together with another or others' \3(cooperate;\c \2co-author).\c\p\B2\b \IMath.\i \Ba\b of the complement of an angle \3(cosine).\c \Bb\b the complement of \3(co-latitude;\c \2coset).\c \BEtymology:\b \3originally a form of \J\Xcom-\x\j\c
<hw>c/o</hw> \Iabbr.\i care of.
<hw>coach</hw> \K/k\F'\nUtS/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Besp. Brit.\b \ITransport\i a single-decker bus, usu. comfortably equipped for longer journeys.\p\B2\b \IRailways\i a railway carriage.\p\B3\b \ITransport\i a horse-drawn carriage, usu. closed, esp. a State carriage or a stagecoach.\p\B4\b \Ba\b \ISport\i an instructor or trainer in sport. \Bb\b \IEducation\i a private tutor.\p\B5\b \BN. Amer.\b \IAeron\i economy class seating in an aircraft.\p\B6\b \BAustral.\b \IAgriculture\i a docile cow or bullock used as a decoy to attract wild cattle.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b train or teach (a pupil, sports team, etc.) as a coach. \Bb\b give hints to; prime with facts.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i travel by stagecoach \3(in the old coaching days).\c \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icoche\i from Hungarian \Ikocsi\i \I(szeker)\i '(wagon from) \IKocs\i', a town in Hungary\c
<hw>coach-built</hw> \Iadj.\i \BBrit.\b \ITransport\i (of motor car bodies) individually built by craftsmen. \Bcoachbuilder\b\p\In.\i\p\Kcoachbuilder new in COD9 f. Incomings, corpus, COD box Aug 93\k
<hw>coach house</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ITransport\i an outhouse for carriages.
<hw>coachload</hw> \K/"k\F'\nUtSl\F'\nUd/\k\p\In.\i\pa number of people, esp. holidaymakers, taken by coach.
<hw>coachman</hw> \K/"k\F'\nUtSm\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-men)\b \ITransport\i the driver of a horse-drawn carriage.
<hw>coach station</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ITransport\i a stopping place for a number of coaches, usu. with buildings and amenities.
<hw>coachwood</hw> \K/"k\F'\nUtSwUd/\k\p\In.\i\p\BAustral.\b \IBot\i any tree, esp. Ceratopetalum apetalum, with close-grained wood suitable for cabinetmaking.
<hw>coachwork</hw> \K/"k\F'\nUtSw\F'\n:k/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITransport Railways\i the bodywork of a road or rail vehicle.
<hw>coadjutor</hw> \K/k\F'\nU"adZUt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IEccl\i an assistant, esp. an assistant bishop. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icoadjuteur\i from Late Latin \Icoadjutor\i (as \J\Xco-\x,\j \Iadjutor\i from \Iadjuvare -jut-\i 'help')\c
<hw>coagulant</hw> \K/k\F'\nU"agjUl\F'\nnt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i a substance that produces coagulation.
<hw>coagulate</hw> \K/k\F'\nU"agjUleIt/\k \Iv.tr. & intr.\i\p\B1\b \IChem\i change from a fluid to a solid or semi-solid state.\p\B2\b clot, curdle.\p\B3\b set, solidify. \Bcoagulable\b \Iadj.\i \Bcoagulative\b \K/-l\F'\ntIv/\k \Iadj.\i \Bcoagulator\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Icoagulare,\i from \Icoagulum\i 'rennet'\c
<hw>coagulation</hw> \K/k\F'\nUagjU"leIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i the process by which a liquid changes to a semi-solid mass. \BEtymology:\b \3as \J\Xcoagulate\x\j\c
<hw>coagulum</hw> \K/k\F'\nU"agjUl\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bcoagula\b \K/-l\F'\n/\k) a mass of coagulated matter. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin: see \J\Xcoagulate\x\j\c
<hw>coal</hw> \K/k\F'\nUl/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IChem\i \Ba\b a hard black or blackish rock, mainly carbonized plant matter, found in underground seams and used as a fuel and in the manufacture of gas, tar, etc. \Bb\b \BBrit.\b a piece of this for burning.\p\B2\b a red-hot piece of coal, wood, etc. in a fire.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i take in a supply of coal.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i put coal into (an engine, fire, etc.).\p\1coals to Newcastle\c something brought or sent to a place where it is already plentiful.\p\1haul (or call) over the coals\c reprimand. \Bcoaly\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Icol,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>coal black</hw> \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\pa completely black colour. \Iadj.\i \I(hyphenated when \Battrib.)\b\i of this colour.
<hw>coal dust</hw>\p\In.\i\ppowdered coal.\Knew f. SOED Aug 93\k
<hw>coaler</hw> \K/"k\F'\nUl\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITransport Naut\i a ship etc. transporting coal.
<hw>coalesce</hw> \K/k\F'\nU\F'\n"lEs/\k \Iv.intr.\i\p\B1\b come together and form one whole.\p\B2\b combine in a coalition. \Bcoalescence\b\p\In.\i\p\Bcoalescent\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icoalescere\i (as \J\Xco-\x,\j \Ialescere alit-\i 'grow' from \Ialere\i 'nourish')\c
<hw>coalface</hw> \K/"k\F'\nUlfeIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeol\i an exposed surface of coal in a mine.
<hw>coalfield</hw> \K/"k\F'\nUlfi:ld/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeol\i an extensive area with strata containing coal.
<hw>coal-fired</hw> \Iadj.\i heated or driven by coal.
<hw>coal gas</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i mixed gases extracted from coal and used for lighting and heating.
<hw>coal-hole</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b a compartment or small cellar for storing coal.
<hw>coalhouse</hw> \K/"k\F'\nUlhaUs/\k\p\In.\i\pa building for storing coal.\Knew f. SOED, corpus Aug 93\k
<hw>coalition</hw> \K/k\F'\nU\F'\n"lIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPolit.\i a temporary alliance for combined action, esp. of distinct parties forming a government, or of states.\p\B2\b fusion into one whole. \Bcoalitionist\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Icoalitio\i (as \J\Xcoalesce\x)\j\c
<hw>coalman</hw> \K/"k\F'\nUlm\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-men)\b a man who carries or delivers coal.
<hw>coal measures</hw> \In.pl.\i \IGeol\i a series of rocks formed by seams of coal with intervening strata.
<hw>coal mine</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IGeol Mining\i a mine in which coal is dug. \Bcoal miner\b\p\In.\i\p\Bcoal mining\b\p\In.\i\p\I(often \Battrib.).\b\i\K-ing new f. corpus, incomings Mar 94\k
<hw>coalmouse</hw> \K/"k\F'\nUlmaUs/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcolemouse)\b \I(pl.\i \B-mice)\b \IZool\i = \J\Xcoal tit\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Icolmase,\i from \Icol\i \J\Xcoal\x\j + \Imase\i as \J\Xtitmouse\x\j\c
<hw>coal-sack</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a sack for carrying coal.\p\B2\b \IAstron\i a dark nebula in the Milky Way, esp. one near the Southern Cross.
<hw>coal scuttle</hw>\p\In.\i\pa container for coal to supply a domestic fire.
<hw>coal-seam</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IGeol.\i a stratum of coal suitable for mining.
<hw>coal tar</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i a thick black oily liquid distilled from coal and used as a source of hydrocarbons.
<hw>coal tit</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcole tit)\b \IZool\i a small greyish bird, Parus ater, with a black head. \IAlso called\i \Icoalmouse.\i
<hw>coaming</hw> \K/"k\F'\nUmIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\INaut\i a raised border round the hatches etc. of a ship to keep out water. \BEtymology:\b \317th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>coarctate</hw> \K/k\F'\nU"A:kteIt/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \Iesp. Anat.\i & \IBiol.\i pressed close together, compressed.\p\B2\b \IZool.\i (of an insect pupa) concealed by the larval cuticle.\Knew f. NSOED May 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icoar(c)tatus\i from \Icoar(c)tare\i from \J\Xco-\x\j + \Iartus\i 'confined'\c
<hw>coarctation</hw> \K/k\F'\nUA:k"teIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b compression.\p\B2\b \IMed.\i congenital narrowing of the aorta.\Knew f. NSOED April 94\k
<hw>coarse</hw> \K/kO:s/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b rough or loose in texture or grain; made of large particles. \Bb\b (of a person's features) rough or large.\p\B2\b lacking refinement or delicacy; crude, obscene \3(coarse humour).\c\p\B3\b rude, uncivil.\p\B4\b inferior, common. \Bcoarsely\b \Iadv.\i \Bcoarseness\b\p\In.\i\p\Bcoarsish\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English: origin unknown\c
<hw>coarse fish</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IZool\i any freshwater fish other than salmon and trout. \Bcoarse fishing\b\p\In.\i\p\Kcoarse fishing new in COD9 f. NSOED, COD box Aug 93\k
<hw>coarsen</hw> \K/"kO:s(\F'\n)n/\k \Iv.tr. & intr.\i make or become coarse.
<hw>coast</hw> \K/k\F'\nUst/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IGeog\i \Ba\b the border of the land near the sea; the seashore. \Bb\b \B(the Coast)\b \BN. Amer.\b the Pacific coast of N. America.\p\B2\b \Ba\b a run, usu. downhill, on a bicycle without pedalling or in a motor vehicle without using the engine. \Bb\b \BN. Amer.\b a toboggan slide or slope. \Iv.intr.\i\p\B1\b ride or move, usu. downhill, without use of power, freewheel.\p\B2\b make progress without much effort.\p\B3\b \BN. Amer.\b slide down a hill on a toboggan.\p\B4\b \Ba\b \INaut\i sail along the coast. \Bb\b \ICommerce\i trade between ports on the same coast.\p\1the coast is clear\c there is no danger of being observed or caught. \Bcoastal\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icoste,\i \Icosteier\i from Latin \Icosta\i 'rib, flank, side'\c
<hw>coaster</hw> \K/"k\F'\nUst\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \INaut\i a ship that travels along the coast from port to port.\p\B2\b a small tray or mat for a bottle or glass.\p\B3\b \BN. Amer.\b \Ba\b a toboggan for coasting. \Bb\b a roller coaster.
<hw>coastguard</hw> \K/"k\F'\nUs(t)gA:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\INaut\i\p\B1\b an organization keeping watch on the coasts and on local shipping to save life, prevent smuggling, etc.\p\B2\b a member of this.
<hw>coastland</hw> \K/"k\F'\nUs(t)l\F'\nnd/, /-land/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i \IGeog\i an expanse of land near the sea.\Knew f. corpus, incomings Mar 94\k
<hw>coastline</hw> \K/"k\F'\nUs(t)lVIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeog\i the line of the seashore, esp. with regard to its shape \3(a rugged coastline).\c
<hw>coast to coast</hw> \Iadj. & adv.\i \I(usu. hyphenated when \Battrib.)\b\i across an island or continent.
<hw>coastwise</hw> \K/"k\F'\nUstwVIz/\k \Iadj. & adv.\i along, following, or connected with the coast.
<hw>coat</hw> \K/k\F'\nUt/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IClothing\i an outer garment with sleeves and often extending below the hips; an overcoat or jacket.\p\B2\b \Ba\b \IZool\i an animal's fur, hair, etc. \Bb\b \IPhysiol.\i \IAnat\i a structure, esp. a membrane, enclosing or lining an organ. \Bc\b \IBot\i a skin, rind, or husk. \Bd\b \IBot\i a layer of a bulb etc.\p\B3\b \Ba\b a layer or covering. \Bb\b a covering of paint etc. laid on a surface at one time. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bwith,\b \Bin)\b\i \Ba\b apply a coat of paint etc. to; provide with a layer or covering. \Bb\b (as \Bcoated\b \Iadj.)\i covered with.\p\B2\b (of paint etc.) form a covering to.\p\1on a person's coat-tails\c undeservedly benefiting from another's success. \Bcoated\b \Iadj.\i \I(also in \Bcomb.).\b\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icote\i and Romanic from Frankish, of unknown origin\c
<hw>coat armour</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IHeraldry\i coats of arms.
<hw>coat check</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b a cloakroom with an attendant.\Knew f. K. Barber Nov 94\k
<hw>coat checker</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b a cloakroom attendant.\Knew f. Incs Nov 94\k
<hw>coat dress</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IClothing\i a woman's tailored dress resembling a coat.
<hw>coatee</hw> \K/k\F'\nU"ti:/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IClothing\i\p\B1\b a woman's or infant's short coat.\p\B2\b \Iarchaic\i a close-fitting short coat.
<hw>coati</hw> \K/k\F'\nU"A:ti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bcoatis)\b \IZool\i a raccoon-like flesh-eating mammal of Central and S. America, of the genus \INasua\i or \INasuella,\i with a long flexible snout and a long usu. ringed tail. \BEtymology:\b \3Tupi, from \Icua\i 'belt' + \Itim\i 'nose'\c
<hw>coating</hw> \K/"k\F'\nUtIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a thin layer or covering of paint etc.\p\B2\b \ITextiles\i material for making coats.
<hw>coat of arms</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IHeraldry\i the heraldic bearings or shield of a person, family, or corporation.
<hw>coat of mail</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Ihist.\i \IMil\i a jacket covered with mail or composed of mail.
<hw>coatroom</hw> \K/"k\F'\nUtru:m/, /-rUm/\k\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b = \J\Xcloakroom\x 1.\j\Knew f. F. Abate, Incs Nov 94\k
<hw>coat-stand</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IFurniture\i a stand with hooks on which to hang coats, hats, etc.\Knew f. corpus, incomings Mar 94\k
<hw>coat-tail</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IClothing\i each of the flaps formed by the back of a tailcoat.\Knew in COD9 f. Incomings, NSOED, POD Aug 93\k
<hw>co-author</hw> \K/k\F'\nU"O:T\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i \ILiterature\i\p\In.\i\pa joint author. \Iv.tr.\i be a joint author of. See Usage Note at \J\Xauthor\x.\j
<hw>coax (1)</hw> \K/k\F'\nUks/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \I(usu. foll. by \Binto,\b or \Bto\b + infin.)\i persuade (a person) gradually or by flattery.\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bout of)\b\i obtain (a thing from a person) by coaxing.\p\B3\b manipulate (a thing) carefully or slowly. \Bcoaxer\b\p\In.\i\p\Bcoaxingly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \316th c.: from 'make a \Icokes\i of' (obsolete \Icokes\i 'simpleton'), of unknown origin\c
<hw>coax (2)</hw> \K/"k\F'\nUaks/\k\p\In.\i\p\IElectr\i \Icolloq.\i coaxial cable. \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation\c\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Nov 93\k
<hw>coaxial</hw> \K/k\F'\nU"aksI\F'\nl/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b having a common axis.\p\B2\b \IElectr.\i (of a cable or line) transmitting by means of two concentric conductors separated by an insulator. \Bcoaxially\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>cob (1)</hw> \K/kQb/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a roundish lump of coal etc.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b \IFood\i a domed loaf of bread.\p\B3\b \IFood\i = \J\Xcorn cob\x.\j\p\B4\b (in full \Bcobnut)\b \IFood\i a large hazelnut.\p\B5\b \IZool\i a sturdy short-legged horse for riding.\p\B6\b \IZool\i a male swan. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English: origin unknown\c
<hw>cob (2)</hw> \K/kQb/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IBuilding\i a material for walls, made from compressed earth, clay, or chalk reinforced with straw. \BEtymology:\b \317th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>cobalt</hw> \K/"k\F'\nUbO:lt/, /-Qlt/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i a silvery-white magnetic metallic element occurring naturally as a mineral in copper and nickel ores and used in many alloys (symbol \BCo).\b\Ksymb\k \In. & adj.\i = \J\Xcobalt blue\x.\j\Kcolour sense f. SOED, corpus Aug 93\k \Bcobaltic\b \K/k\F'\n(U)"bO:ltIk/, /-"bQlt-/\k \Iadj.\i \Bcobaltous\b \K/k\F'\n(U)"bO:lt\F'\ns/, /-"bQlt-/\k \Iadj.\i\Kcolour\k \BEtymology:\b \3German \IKobalt\i = \J\Xkobold\x\j in mines from the belief that cobalt was harmful to the ores with which it occurred\c
<hw>cobalt blue</hw> \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a pigment containing a cobalt salt.\p\B2\b the deep blue colour of this. \Iadj.\i \I(hyphenated when \Battrib.)\b\i of this colour.\Kadj. new f. corpus Agu 93\k\Kcolour aaw Aug 92\k
<hw>cobber</hw> \K/"kQb\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BAustral.\b & \BNZ\b \Icolloq.\i a companion or friend. \BEtymology:\b \319th c.: perhaps related to English dialect \Icob\i 'take a liking to'\c
<hw>cobble (1)</hw> \K/"kQb(\F'\n)l/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b (in full \Bcobblestone)\b a small rounded stone of a size used for paving.\p\B2\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \BBrit.\b coal in lumps of this size. \Iv.tr.\i pave with cobbles. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English \Icobel\i(-\Iston),\i from \J\Xcob\x (1)\j\c
<hw>cobble (2)</hw> \K/"kQb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b mend or patch up (esp. shoes).\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Btogether)\b\i join or assemble roughly. \BEtymology:\b \3back-formation from \J\Xcobbler\x\j\c
<hw>cobbler</hw> \K/"kQbl\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person who mends shoes, esp. professionally.\p\B2\b \IDrink\i an iced drink of wine etc., sugar, and lemon \3(sherry cobbler).\c\p\B3\b \IFood\i \Ba\b a pie topped with scones. \Bb\b \Besp. US\b a fruit pie with a rich thick crust.\p\B4\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \BBrit.\b \Islang\i nonsense.\p\B5\b \BAustral.\b & \BNZ\b \Islang\i the last sheep to be shorn.\Kcobbler's wax omitted\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, of unknown origin: sense 4 from rhyming slang \Icobbler's awls\i = \Iballs:\i sense 5 with pun on \J\Xlast\x (3)\j\c
<hw>cobblestone</hw> \Isee\i \J\Xcobble\x (1)\p\In.\i\p1.\j\Knew as hwd Aug 93\k
<hw>co-belligerent</hw> \K/k\F'\nUbI"lIdZ(\F'\n)r(\F'\n)nt/\k \In. & adj.\i \IMil\i\p\In.\i\pany of two or more nations engaged in war as allies. \Iadj.\i of or as a co-belligerent. \Bco-belligerence\b\p\In.\i\p\Bco-belligerency\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>coble</hw> \K/"k\F'\nUb(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\INaut\i a flat-bottomed fishing boat in Scotland and NE England. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English, perhaps from Celtic\c
<hw>cobnut</hw> \Isee\i \J\Xcob\x (1) 4.\j
<hw>COBOL</hw> \K/"k\F'\nUbQl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IComputing\i a programming language designed for use in commerce. \BEtymology:\b \3\Ico\immon \Ib\iusiness \Io\iriented \Il\ianguage\c
<hw>cobra</hw> \K/"k\F'\nUbr\F'\n/, /"kQbr\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i any venomous snake of the genus \INaja,\i native to Africa and Asia, able to dilate its neck like a hood when excited. \BEtymology:\b \3Portuguese, from Latin \Icolubra\i 'snake'\c
<hw>cobweb</hw> \K/"kQbwEb/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool\i \Ba\b a fine network of threads spun by a spider from a liquid extruded from its spinnerets, used to trap insects etc. \Bb\b the thread of this.\p\B2\b anything compared with a cobweb, esp. in flimsiness of texture.\p\B3\b a trap or insidious entanglement.\p\B4\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i (esp. in phr. \Bblow or clear away the cobwebs)\b a state of lethargy; fustiness. \Bcobwebbed\b \Iadj.\i \Bcobwebby\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English \Icop(pe)web\i from obsolete \Icoppe\i 'spider'\c
<hw>coca</hw> \K/"k\F'\nUk\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b a S. American shrub, Erythroxylum coca.\p\B2\b its dried leaves, chewed as a stimulant. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish, from Aymara \Ikuka\i or Quechua \Ikoka\i\c
<hw>cocaine</hw> \K/k\F'\n(U)"keIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPharm\i a drug derived from coca or prepared synthetically, used as a local anaesthetic and as a stimulant. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xcoca\x\j + \J\X-ine\x (4)\j\c
<hw>coccidiosis</hw> \K/kQk%sIdI"\F'\nUsIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a disease of birds and mammals caused by any of various parasitic protozoa, esp. of the genus \IEimeria,\i affecting the intestine. \BEtymology:\b \3\Icoccidium\i (modern Latin from Greek \Ikokkis,\i diminutive of \Ikokkos\i 'berry') + \J\X-osis\x\j\c
<hw>coccus</hw> \K/"kQk\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bcocci\b \K/"kQk(s)VI/, /"kQk(s)i:/\k) \IBiol\i any spherical or roughly spherical bacterium. \Bcoccal\b \Iadj.\i \Bcoccoid\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from Greek \Ikokkos\i 'berry'\c
<hw>coccyx</hw> \K/"kQksIks/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bcoccyges\b \K/-IdZi:z/\k or \Bcoccyxes)\b \IAnat\i the small triangular bone at the base of the spinal column in humans and some apes. \Bcoccygeal\b \K/kQk"sIdZI\F'\nl/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin from Greek \Ikokkux -ugos\i 'cuckoo' (from its shape, which resembles the cuckoo's bill)\c
<hw>Cochin</hw> \K/"kQtSIn/\k\p\In.\i\p(in full \BCochin China\b \K/"tSVIn\F'\n/\k) \IZool\i\p\B1\b a fowl of an Asian breed with feathery legs.\p\B2\b this breed. \BEtymology:\b \3\ICochin China\i in Vietnam, where the breed originated\c
<hw>cochineal</hw> \K/"kQtSIni:l/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i\p\B1\b \IDyeing\i a scarlet dye used esp. for colouring food.\p\B2\b the dried bodies of the female of the Mexican insect, Dactylopius coccus, yielding this. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icochenille\i or Spanish \Icochinilla\i from Latin \Icoccinus\i 'scarlet', from Greek \Ikokkos\i 'berry'\c
<hw>cochlea</hw> \K/"kQklI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bcochleae\b \K/-klIi:/\k) \IAnat\i the spiral cavity of the internal ear, in which sound vibrations are converted into nervous impulses. \Bcochlear\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = snail shell, from Greek \Ikokhlias\i\c
<hw>cock (1)</hw> \K/kQk/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool\i \Ba\b a male bird, esp. of a domestic fowl. \Bb\b \BBrit.\b a male lobster, crab, or salmon. \Bc\b = \J\Xwoodcock\x.\j\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b \Islang\i (usu. \Bold cock\b as a form of address) a friend; a fellow.\p\B3\b \Icoarse slang\i the penis.\p\B4\b \BBrit.\b \Islang\i nonsense.\p\B5\b \IBallistics\i \Ba\b a firing lever in a gun which can be raised to be released by the trigger. \Bb\b the cocked position of this \3(at full cock).\c\p\B6\b \IPlumbing\i a tap or valve controlling flow. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b raise or make upright or erect.\p\B2\b turn or move (the eye or ear) attentively or knowingly.\p\B3\b set aslant, or turn up the brim of (a hat).\p\B4\b \IBallistics\i raise the cock of (a gun).\p\1at half cock\c only partly ready.\p\1cock a snook\c \Isee\i \J\Xsnook\x (1).\j\p\Bcock up\b \BBrit.\b \Islang\i bungle; make a mess of. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Icocc\i and Old French \Icoq,\i probably from medieval Latin \Icoccus\i\c
<hw>cock (2)</hw> \K/kQk/\k \In. & v.\i \IAgriculture\i\p\In.\i\pa small pile of hay, straw, etc. with vertical sides and a rounded top. \Iv.tr.\i pile into cocks. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, perhaps of Scandinavian origin\c
<hw>cockabully</hw> \K/"kQk\F'\nbUli/\k\p\In.\i\p\BNZ\b \IZool.\i any of various small blunt-nosed freshwater fishes, esp. of the genus \IGobiomorphus.\i\Knew in COD9 f. NOSED, COD7, COD box Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Maori \Ikokopu\i\c
<hw>cockade</hw> \K/kQ"keId/\k\p\In.\i\pa rosette etc. worn in a hat as a badge of office or party, or as part of a livery. \Bcockaded\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icocarde\i originally in \Ibonnet α la coquarde,\i from fem. of obsolete \Icoquard\i 'saucy' from \Icoq\i \J\Xcock\x (1)\j\c
<hw>cock-a-doodle-doo</hw> \K/%kQk\F'\ndu:d(\F'\n)l"du:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool.\i a cock's crow.
<hw>cock-a-hoop</hw> \Iadj. & adv.\i \Iadj.\i exultant; crowing boastfully. \Iadv.\i exultantly. \BEtymology:\b \316th c.: originally in the phrase \Iset cock a hoop\i denoting some action preliminary to hard drinking\c
<hw>cock-a-leekie</hw> \K/kQk\F'\n"li:ki/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcocky-leeky\b \K/kQkI-/\k) \ICookery\i a soup traditionally made in Scotland with boiling fowl and leeks. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xcock\x (1)\j + \J\Xleek\x\j\c
<hw>cockalorum</hw> \K/kQk\F'\n"lO:r\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\Icolloq.\i a self-important little man. \BEtymology:\b \318th c.: arbitrary formation from \J\Xcock\x (1)\j\c
<hw>cock and bull story</hw>\p\In.\i\pan absurd or incredible account.
<hw>cockatiel</hw> \K/kQk\F'\n"ti:l/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcockateel)\b \IZool\i \BAustral.\b a small delicately coloured crested parrot, Nymphicus hollandicus. \BEtymology:\b \3Dutch \Ikaketielje\i\c
<hw>cockatoo</hw> \K/kQk\F'\n"tu:/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool\i an Australasian parrot of the family Cacatuidae, with a powerful beak and an erectile crest.\p\B2\b \BAustral.\b & \BNZ\b \Icolloq.\i a small farmer. \BEtymology:\b \3Dutch \Ikaketoe\i from Malay \Ikakatua,\i assimilated to \J\Xcock\x (1)\j\c
<hw>cockatrice</hw> \K/"kQk\F'\ntrVIs/, /-trIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMythol\i = \J\Xbasilisk\x 1.\j\p\B2\b \IHeraldry\i a fabulous animal, a cock with a serpent's tail. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icocatris\i from Latin \Icalcare\i 'tread, track', rendering Greek \Iikhneumon\i 'tracker': see \J\Xichneumon\x\j\c
<hw>cockboat</hw> \K/"kQkb\F'\nUt/\k\p\In.\i\p\INaut\i a small ship's boat. \BEtymology:\b \3obsolete \Icock\i 'small boat' (from Old French \Icoque)\i + \J\Xboat\x\j\c
<hw>cockchafer</hw> \K/"kQktSeIf\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a large nocturnal beetle, Melolontha melolontha, which feeds on leaves and whose larva feeds on roots of crops etc. \IAlso called\i \IMay-bug.\i \BEtymology:\b \3perhaps from \J\Xcock\x (1)\j (as expressing size or vigour) + \J\Xchafer\x\j\c
<hw>cocked hat</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IClothing\i\p\B1\b a brimless triangular hat pointed at the front, back, and top.\p\B2\b \Ihist.\i a hat with a wide brim permanently turned up towards the crown (e.g. a tricorne).\Ksense 2 new in COD9 f. NSOED Aug 93\k\p\1knock into a cocked hat\c defeat utterly.
<hw>cocker</hw> \K/"kQk\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p(in full \Bcocker spaniel)\b \IZool\i\p\B1\b a small spaniel of a breed with a silky coat.\p\B2\b this breed. \BEtymology:\b \3as \J\Xcock\x (1),\j from the breed's use in hunting woodcocks etc.\c
<hw>cockerel</hw> \K/"kQk(\F'\n)r(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a young cock. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English: diminutive of \J\Xcock\x (1)\j\c
<hw>cock-eyed</hw> \K/kQ"kVId/\k \Iadj.\i \Icolloq.\i\p\B1\b crooked, askew, not level.\p\B2\b (of a scheme etc.) absurd, not practical.\p\B3\b drunk.\p\B4\b squinting. \BEtymology:\b \319th c.: apparently from \J\Xcock\x (1)\j + \J\Xeye\x\j\c
<hw>cockfight</hw> \K/"kQkfVIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISport Cockfighting\i a fight between cocks as sport. \Bcockfighting\b\p\In.\i\p\Kcockfighting subsumed Aug 92 aaw\k
<hw>cockle (1)</hw> \K/"kQk(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool\i \Ba\b any edible bivalve mollusc of the genus \ICardium,\i having a chubby ribbed shell. \Bb\b its shell.\p\B2\b (in full \Bcockleshell)\b \INaut\i a small shallow boat.\p\1warm the cockles of one's heart\c make one contented; be satisfying. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Icoquille\i 'shell', ultimately from Greek \Ikogkhulion,\i from \Ikogkhe\i \J\Xconch\x\j\c
<hw>cockle (2)</hw> \K/"kQk(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b (in full \Bcorncockle)\b a pink-flowered plant, Agrostemma githago (pink family), formerly common in cornfields.\p\B2\b \IAgriculture\i a disease of wheat that turns the grains black. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Icoccul,\i perhaps ultimately from Late Latin \J\Xcoccus\x\j\c
<hw>cockle (3)</hw> \K/"kQk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i pucker, wrinkle.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i cause to cockle.\p\In.\i\pa pucker or wrinkle in paper, glass, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icoquiller\i 'blister (bread in cooking)' from \Icoquille:\i see \J\Xcockle\x (1)\j\c
<hw>cocklebur</hw> \K/"kQk(\F'\n)lb\F'\n:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a weed of the genus Xanthium (daisy family) with fruit covered in hooked bristles. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xcockle\x (2)\j + \J\Xbur\x\j\c\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Nov 93\k
<hw>cockney</hw> \K/"kQkni/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-eys)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b \IPeople\i a native of East London, esp. one born within hearing of Bow Bells. \Bb\b \ILanguage\i the dialect or accent typical of this area.\p\B2\b \BAustral.\b \IZool\i a young snapper fish, Chrysophrys auratus. \Iadj.\i of or characteristic of cockneys or their dialect or accent. \Bcockneyism\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English \Icokeney\i 'cock's egg', later a derogatory term for a town-dweller\c
<hw>cock-of-the-rock</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a S. American bird, a cotinga of the genus \IRupicola,\i having bright orange or red plumage and a prominent crest.
<hw>cock-of-the-walk</hw>\p\In.\i\pa dominant or arrogant person.
<hw>cock-of-the-wood</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i\p\B1\b a capercaillie.\p\B2\b \BN. Amer.\b a red-crested woodpecker.
<hw>cockpit</hw> \K/"kQkpIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \IAeron\i a compartment for the pilot (or the pilot and crew) of an aircraft or spacecraft. \Bb\b \ISport Motor Racing\i a similar compartment for the driver in a racing car. \Bc\b \INaut\i a space for the helmsman in some small yachts.\p\B2\b \IMil\i an arena of war or other conflict.\p\B3\b \ICockfighting\i a place where cockfights are held. \BEtymology:\b \3originally in sense 3, from \J\Xcock\x (1)\j + \J\Xpit\x (1)\j\c
<hw>cockroach</hw> \K/"kQkr\F'\nUtS/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a stout-bodied beetle-like scavenging insect of the order Dictyoptera, esp. Blatta orientalis and Periplaneta americana, which infests kitchens, warehouses, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish \Icucaracha,\i assimilated to \J\Xcock\x (1),\j \J\Xroach\x (1)\j\c
<hw>cockscomb</hw> \K/"kQksk\F'\nUm/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool Anat\i the crest or comb of a cock.\p\B2\b \IBot\i a garden plant, Celosia cristata, with a terminal plume of tiny white or red flowers.
<hw>cocksfoot</hw> \K/"kQksfUt/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IBot\i any pasture grass of the genus \IDactylis,\i with broad leaves and green or purplish spikes.
<hw>cockshy</hw> \K/"kQkSVI/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-shies)\b \BBrit.\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b a target for throwing at with sticks, stones, etc. \Bb\b a throw at this.\p\B2\b an object of ridicule or criticism.
<hw>cock sparrow</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool\i a male sparrow.\p\B2\b a lively quarrelsome person.
<hw>cocksure</hw> \K/kQk"SU\F'\n/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b presumptuously or arrogantly confident.\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bof,\b \Babout)\b\i absolutely sure. \Bcocksurely\b \Iadv.\i \Bcocksureness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3\Icock\i = God + \J\Xsure\x,\j later associated with \J\Xcock\x (1)\j\c
<hw>cocktail</hw> \K/"kQkteIl/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IDrink\i a usu. alcoholic drink made by mixing various spirits, fruit juices, etc.\p\B2\b \IFood\i a dish of mixed ingredients \3(fruit cocktail;\c \2prawn cocktail).\c\p\B3\b any (esp. unpleasant or dangerous) mixture or concoction. \BEtymology:\b \3origin unknown: cf. earlier sense 'docked horse' from \J\Xcock\x (1):\j the connection is unclear\c
<hw>cocktail dress</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IClothing\i a usu. short evening dress suitable for wearing at a drinks party.
<hw>cocktail stick</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b a small pointed stick for serving an olive, cherry, small sausage, etc.
<hw>cock-up</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \Islang\i a muddle or mistake.
<hw>coco</hw> \K/"k\F'\nUk\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcocoa)\b \I(pl.\i \Bcocos\b or \Bcocoas)\b \IBot\i the coconut palm. \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation of \J\Xcoconut\x,\j though in earlier use as a separate word\c
<hw>cocoa</hw> \K/"k\F'\nUk\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFood\i\p\B1\b a powder made from crushed cacao seeds, often with other ingredients.\p\B2\b \IDrink\i a drink made from this. \BEtymology:\b \3alteration of \J\Xcacao\x\j\c
<hw>cocoa bean</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IFood\i a cacao seed.
<hw>cocoa butter</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IFood Cosmetics\i a fatty substance obtained from cocoa beans and used for confectionery, cosmetics, etc.
<hw>coco-de-mer</hw> \K/%k\F'\nUk\F'\nUd\F'\n"mE:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a tall palm tree, Lodoicea maldivica, of the Seychelles. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = coco from the sea: the tree was first known from nuts found floating in the sea\c
<hw>coconut</hw> \K/"k\F'\nUk\F'\nnVt/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcocoanut)\b\p\B1\b \IBot\i \Ba\b the large ovate brown seed of a tall tropical palm, Cocos nucifera, with a fibrous husk around a hard shell lined with edible white flesh enclosing a white liquid. \Bb\b (in full \Bcoconut palm\b or \Btree)\b the palm itself. \Bc\b \IFood\i the flesh of a coconut.\p\B2\b \Islang\i the human head. \BEtymology:\b \3from Spanish and Portuguese \Icoco\i 'grimace' + \J\Xnut\x\j (the base of the shell resembling a face)\c
<hw>coconut butter</hw>\p\In.\i\pa solid fat obtained from the flesh of the coconut, and used in soap, candles, ointment, etc.
<hw>coconut ice</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IFood\i a sweet of sugar and desiccated coconut.
<hw>coconut matting</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ITextiles\i a matting made of fibre from coconut husks.
<hw>coconut milk</hw>\p\In.\i\pthe watery white liquid inside a coconut.\Knew f. NSOED, corpus April 94\k
<hw>coconut palm</hw> \Isee\i \J\Xcoconut\x 1b.\j
<hw>coconut shy</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b a fairground sideshow where balls are thrown to dislodge coconuts. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xshy\x (2)\j\c
<hw>cocoon</hw> \K/k\F'\n"ku:n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool\i \Ba\b a silky case spun by many insect larvae for protection as pupae. \Bb\b a similar structure made by other animals.\p\B2\b a thing that encloses like a cocoon; a protective covering, esp. to prevent corrosion of metal equipment.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i (usu. as \Bcocooned\b \Iadj.)\i wrap (as) in a cocoon; protect, enclose.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i spray with a protective coating.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i form a cocoon. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icocon\i from modern Provenτal \Icoucoun,\i diminutive of \Icoca\i 'shell'\c
<hw>cocotte</hw> \K/kQ"kQt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ICookery\i a heatproof dish or small casserole in which food can be both cooked and served, often as an individual portion.\p\B2\b \Iarchaic\i a fashionable prostitute. \BEtymology:\b \3French\c
<hw>COD</hw> \Iabbr.\i\p\B1\b \ICommerce\i \Ba\b cash on delivery. \Bb\b \BN. Amer.\b collect on delivery.\p\B2\b \ILexicography\i Concise Oxford Dictionary.
<hw>cod (1)</hw> \K/kQd/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i same) \IZool\i any large marine fish of the family Gadidae, esp. Gadus morrhua, an important food fish. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English: origin unknown\c
<hw>cod (2)</hw> \K/kQd/\k \In. & v.\i \BBrit.\b\p\In.\i\p\Islang\i\p\B1\b a parody.\p\B2\b a hoax.\p\B3\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i = \J\Xmock\x \Iadj.\i\j\p\Iv.\i\p\B(codded,\b \Bcodding)\b \Islang\i or \Idial.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \Iintr.\i perform a hoax. \Bb\b \Itr.\i play a trick on; fool.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i parody. \BEtymology:\b \319th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>cod (3)</hw> \K/kQd/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \Islang\i nonsense. \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation of \J\Xcodswallop\x\j\c
<hw>coda</hw> \K/"k\F'\nUd\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMus.\i the concluding passage of a piece or movement, usu. forming an addition to the basic structure.\p\B2\b \IBallet\i the concluding section of a dance.\p\B3\b a concluding event or series of events. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian, from Latin \Icauda\i 'tail'\c
<hw>coddle</hw> \K/"kQd(\F'\n)l/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b treat as an invalid; protect attentively. \Bb\b \I(foll. by \Bup)\b\i \BBrit.\b strengthen by feeding.\p\B2\b \ICookery\i cook (an egg) in water below boiling point. \Bcoddler\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3probably dialect variant of \Icaudle\i 'invalids' gruel'\c
<hw>code</hw> \K/k\F'\nUd/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMil\i a system of words, letters, figures, or symbols, used to represent others for secrecy or brevity.\p\B2\b a system of pre-arranged signals, esp. used to ensure secrecy in transmitting messages.\p\B3\b \IComputing\i a piece of program text.\p\B4\b \Ba\b \ILaw\i a systematic collection of statutes, a body of laws so arranged as to avoid inconsistency and overlapping. \Bb\b a set of rules on any subject.\p\B5\b \Ba\b the prevailing morality of a society or class \3(code of honour).\c \Bb\b a person's standard of moral behaviour.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i put (a message, program, etc.) into code.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bfor)\b\i \IBiochem.\i be the genetic code for (an amino acid etc.).\Ksense 2 new f. SOED Sep 94\k \Bcoder\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \J\Xcodex\x\j\c
<hw>code book</hw>\p\In.\i\pa list of symbols etc. used in a code.
<hw>code-breaker</hw>\p\In.\i\pa person who solves or breaks a code or codes.\Knew in COD9 f. COD box, corpus, NSOED Aug 93\k \Bcode-breaking\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>codeine</hw> \K/"k\F'\nUdi:n/, /-dIi:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPharm\i an alkaloid derived from morphine and used to relieve pain. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ikodeia\i 'poppy-head' + \J\X-ine\x (4)\j\c
<hw>code name</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcode number)\b a word or symbol (or number) used for secrecy or convenience instead of the usual name. \Bcode-named\b \Iadj.\i\K-ed new f. corpus, incomings Aug 93\k
<hw>codependency</hw> \K/k\F'\nUdI"pEnd(\F'\n)nsi/\k\p\In.\i\pmutual emotional dependency on fulfilling a supportive role in a relationship. \Bcodependent\b \Iadj. & n.\i\Knew in COD9 f. POD Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xco-\x\j + \J\Xdependency\x\j\c
<hw>co-determination</hw> \K/%k\F'\nUdIt\F'\n:mI"neIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IIndustry\i cooperation between management and workers in decision-taking. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xco-\x\j + \J\Xdetermination\x,\j translating German \IMitbestimmung\i\c
<hw>codex</hw> \K/"k\F'\nUdEks/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bcodices\b \K/"k\F'\nUdIsi:z/, /"kQd-/\k or \Bcodexes)\b\p\B1\b \IAntiq\i an ancient manuscript text in book form.\p\B2\b \IMed\i a collection of pharmaceutical descriptions of drugs etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = block of wood, tablet, book\c
<hw>codger</hw> \K/"kQdZ\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p(usu. in \Bold codger)\b \Icolloq.\i a person, esp. an old or strange one. \BEtymology:\b \3perhaps a variant of \Icadger:\i see \J\Xcadge\x\j\c
<hw>codices</hw> \I\Ipl.\i of\i \J\Xcodex\x.\j
<hw>codicil</hw> \K/"kQdIsIl/, /"k\F'\nU-/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i an addition explaining, modifying, or revoking a will or part of one. \Bcodicillary\b \K/kQdI"sIl\F'\nri/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icodicillus,\i diminutive of \J\Xcodex\x\j\c
<hw>codicology</hw> \K/k\F'\nUdI"kQl\F'\ndZi/\k\p\In.\i\pthe study of manuscripts. \Bcodicological\b \K/-k\F'\n"lQdZIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Bcodicologically\b \K/-k\F'\n"lQdZIk(\F'\n)li/\k \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icodicologie\i from Latin \Icodex codicis:\i see \J\Xcodex\x\j\c
<hw>codify</hw> \K/"k\F'\nUdIfVI/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(-ies,\b \B-ied)\b \ILaw\i arrange (laws etc.) systematically into a code. \Bcodification\b \K/-fI"keIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bcodifier\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>codling (1)</hw> \K/"kQdlIN/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcodlin)\b\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b \IBot\i any of several varieties of cooking apple, having a long tapering shape.\p\B2\b (in full \Bcodling moth)\b \IZool\i a small moth, Carpocapsa pomonella, the larva of which feeds on apples. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Anglo-French \Iquer de lion\i 'lion-heart'\c
<hw>codling (2)</hw> \K/"kQdlIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a small codfish.
<hw>codlings-and-cream</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IBot\i the great hairy willowherb, Epilobium hirsutum.
<hw>cod liver oil</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBiochem\i an oil pressed from the fresh liver of cod, which is rich in vitamins D and A.
<hw>codomain</hw> \K/"k\F'\nUd\F'\n(U)meIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMath.\i a set that includes all the possible expressions of a given function. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xco-\x\j + \J\Xdomain\x\j\c
<hw>codon</hw> \K/"k\F'\nUdQn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiochem.\i a sequence of three nucleotides, forming a unit of genetic code in a DNA or RNA molecule. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xcode\x\j + \J\X-on\x\j\c
<hw>codpiece</hw> \K/"kQdpi:s/\k\p\In.\i\p\IClothing\i \Ihist.\i an appendage like a small bag or flap at the front of a man's breeches. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, from \Icod\i 'scrotum' + \J\Xpiece\x\j\c
<hw>co-driver</hw> \K/"k\F'\nUdrVIv\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMotor Racing\i a person who shares the driving of a vehicle with another, esp. in a race, rally, etc.
<hw>coed</hw> \K/"k\F'\nUEd/, /k\F'\nU"Ed/\k \In. & adj.\i \Icolloq.\i \IEducation\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b a co-educational system or institution.\p\B2\b \BN. Amer.\b a female student at a co-educational institution. \Iadj.\i co-educational. \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation\c
<hw>co-education</hw> \K/%k\F'\nUEdju:"keIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IEducation\i the education of pupils of both sexes together. \Bco-educational\b \Iadj.\i
<hw>coefficient</hw> \K/k\F'\nUI"fIS(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMath.\i a quantity placed before and multiplying an algebraic expression (e.g. \I4\i in \I4xy).\i\p\B2\b \IPhysics\i a multiplier or factor that measures some property \3(coefficient of expansion).\c \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \Icoefficiens\i (as \J\Xco-\x,\j \J\Xefficient\x)\j\c
<hw>coelacanth</hw> \K/"si:l\F'\nkanT/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a large bony marine fish, Latimeria chalumnae, with a three-lobed tail-fin and fleshy pectoral fins, thought to be related to the ancestors of land vertebrates and known only from fossils until 1938. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \ICoelacanthus,\i from Greek \Ikoilos\i 'hollow' + \Iakantha\i 'spine'\c
<hw>coelenterate</hw> \K/si:"lEnt(\F'\n)r\F'\nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i an aquatic invertebrate animal of the phylum Coelenterata (now usu. called Cnidaria), typically having a simple tube-shaped or cup-shaped body, and including jellyfish, corals, and sea anemones. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \ICoelenterata,\i from Greek \Ikoilos\i 'hollow' + \Ienteron\i 'intestine'\c
<hw>coeliac</hw> \K/"si:lIak/\k \Iadj.\i \B(US\b \Bceliac)\b \IMed.\i related to or suffering from coeliac disease. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icoeliacus\i from Greek \Ikoiliakos,\i from \Ikoilia\i 'belly'\c
<hw>coeliac disease</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a disease in which chronic failure to digest food is triggered by hypersensititivy of the small intestine to gluten.
<hw>coelom</hw> \K/"si:l\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Bcelom)\b \I(pl.\i \B-oms\b or \B-omata\b \K/-"l\F'\nUm\F'\nt\F'\n/\k) \IAnat\i \IZool.\i the principal body cavity in animals, between the intestinal canal and the body wall. \Bcoelomate\b \Iadj. & n.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ikoiloma\i 'cavity'\c
<hw>coelostat</hw> \K/"si:l\F'\n(U)stat/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAstron.\i an instrument with a rotating mirror that continuously reflects the light from the same area of sky allowing the path of a celestial object to be monitored. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icaelum\i 'sky' + \J\X-stat\x\j\c
<hw>coenobite</hw> \K/"si:n\F'\nbVIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Bcenobite)\b \IEccl\i a member of a monastic community. \Bcoenobitic\b \K/-"bItIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Bcoenobitical\b \K/-"bItIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old French \Icenobite\i or ecclesiastical Latin \Icoenobita\i via Late Latin \Icoenobium\i from Greek \Ikoinobion\i 'convent', from \Ikoinos\i 'common' \I+ bios\i 'life'\c
<hw>coenzyme</hw> \K/"k\F'\nUEnzVIm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiochem.\i a non-protein compound that is necessary for the functioning of an enzyme.
<hw>coenzyme A</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBiochem\i a coenzyme derived from pantothenic acid, important in many biochemical reactions esp. respiration.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Nov 93\k
<hw>co-equal</hw> \K/k\F'\nU"i:kw(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iarchaic\i or \Iliterary\i \Iadj.\i equal with one another.\p\In.\i\pan equal. \Bco-equality\b \K/k\F'\nUI"kwQlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bco-equally\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin or ecclesiastical Latin \Icoaequalis\i (as \J\Xco-\x,\j \J\Xequal\x)\j\c
<hw>coerce</hw> \K/k\F'\nU"\F'\n:s/\k \Iv.tr.\i \I(often foll. by \Binto)\b\i persuade or restrain (an unwilling person) by force \3(coerced you into signing).\c \Bcoercible\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Icoercere\i 'restrain' (as \J\Xco-\x,\j \Iarcere\i 'restrain')\c
<hw>coercion</hw> \K/k\F'\nU"\F'\n:S(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or process of coercing.\p\B2\b \IPolit\i government by force. \Bcoercive\b \Iadj.\i \Bcoercively\b \Iadv.\i \Bcoerciveness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old French \Icohercion,\i \I-tion\i from Latin \Icoer(c)tio,\i \Icoercitio -onis\i (as \J\Xcoerce\x)\j\c
<hw>coercivity</hw> \K/k\F'\nU\F'\n"sIvIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i the resistance of a magnetic material to changes in magnetization, esp. measured as the field intensity necessary to demagnetize it when fully magnetized.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k
<hw>coeval</hw> \K/k\F'\nU"i:v(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b having the same age or date of origin.\p\B2\b living or existing at the same epoch.\p\B3\b having the same duration.\p\In.\i\pa coeval person, a contemporary. \Bcoevality\b \K/-"valIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bcoevally\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Icoaevus\i (as \J\Xco-\x,\j Latin \Iaevum\i 'age')\c
<hw>coexist</hw> \K/k\F'\nUIg"zIst/\k \Iv.intr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i\p\B1\b exist together (in time or place).\p\B2\b \IPolit\i (esp. of nations) exist in mutual tolerance though professing different ideologies etc. \Bcoexistence\b\p\In.\i\p\Bcoexistent\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Icoexistere\i (as \J\Xco-\x,\j \J\Xexist\x)\j\c
<hw>coextensive</hw> \K/k\F'\nUIk"stEnsIv/\k \Iadj.\i extending over the same space or time.
<hw>C. of E.</hw> \Iabbr.\i \BBrit.\b \IRelig\i Church of England.
<hw>coffee</hw> \K/"kQfi/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IDrink\i \Ba\b a drink made from the roasted and ground beanlike seeds of a tropical shrub of the genus \ICoffea.\i \Bb\b a cup of this.\p\B2\b \IBot\i \Ba\b the shrub yielding these seeds, one or more of which are contained in each berry. \Bb\b these seeds raw, or roasted and ground.\p\B3\b a pale brown colour, as of coffee mixed with milk. \Iadj.\i pale brown.\Kadj. new f. SOED Nov 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3ultimately from Turkish \Ikahveh\i from Arabic \Ikahwa\i\c
<hw>coffee bar</hw>\p\In.\i\pa bar or cafΘ serving coffee and light refreshments from a counter.
<hw>coffee bean</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IFood\i the beanlike seed of the coffee shrub.
<hw>coffee cup</hw>\p\In.\i\pa small cup for serving coffee.
<hw>coffee essence</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IFood\i a concentrated extract of coffee usu. containing chicory.
<hw>coffee grinder</hw>\p\In.\i\pa small machine for grinding roasted coffee beans.\Knew f. corpus Aug 93\k
<hw>coffee house</hw>\p\In.\i\pa place serving coffee and other refreshments.
<hw>coffee-maker</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IDrink\i = \J\Xpercolator\x.\j\Knew f. corpus Mar 94\k
<hw>coffee morning</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b a morning gathering at which coffee is served, often in aid of charity.
<hw>coffee nibs</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b coffee beans removed from their shells.
<hw>coffee shop</hw>\p\In.\i\pa small informal restaurant, esp. in a hotel or department store.
<hw>coffee table</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IFurniture\i a small low table.
<hw>coffee-table book</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPublishing\i a large lavishly illustrated book.
<hw>coffer</hw> \K/"kQf\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a box, esp. a large strongbox for valuables.\p\B2\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \ICommerce\i a treasury or store of funds.\p\B3\b \IArchit\i a sunken panel in a ceiling etc. \Bcoffered\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icoffre\i and Latin \Icophinus\i from Greek \Ikophinos\i 'basket'\c
<hw>coffer-dam</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IEngin Naut\i a watertight enclosure pumped dry to permit work below the waterline on building bridges etc., or for repairing a ship.
<hw>coffin</hw> \K/"kQfIn/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a long narrow usu. wooden box in which a corpse is buried or cremated.\p\B2\b \IZool\i the part of a horse's hoof below the coronet. \Iv.tr.\i \B(coffined,\b \Bcoffining)\b put in a coffin. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icof(f)in\i 'little basket' etc. from Latin \Icophinus:\i see \J\Xcoffer\x\j\c
<hw>coffin-bone</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a bone in a horse's hoof.
<hw>coffin corner</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAmer. Football\i the corner formed by the goal line and sideline.
<hw>coffin-joint</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i the joint at the top of a horse's hoof.
<hw>coffin-nail</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Islang\i a cigarette.
<hw>coffle</hw> \K/"kQf(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\pa line of animals, slaves, etc., fastened together. \BEtymology:\b \3Arabic \Ikafila\i 'caravan'\c
<hw>cog</hw> \K/kQg/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMech\i each of a series of projections on the edge of a wheel or bar transferring motion by engaging with another series.\p\B2\b an unimportant member of an organization etc. \Bcogged\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English: probably of Scandinavian origin\c
<hw>cogitable</hw> \K/"kQdZIt\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i able to be grasped by the mind; conceivable. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icogitabilis\i (as \J\Xcogitate\x)\j\c
\B\Icogito\b\i \K/"k\F'\nUgIt\F'\nU/, /-dZI-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhilos.\i the principle establishing the existence of a being from the fact of its thinking or awareness. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = I think, in the French philosopher Descartes's formula (1641) \Icogito,\i \Iergo sum\i 'I think, therefore I am'\c
<hw>cognac</hw> \K/"kQnjak/\k\p\In.\i\p\IDrink\i a high-quality brandy, properly that distilled in Cognac in western France.
<hw>cognate</hw> \K/"kQgneIt/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b related to or descended from a common ancestor \I(cf.\i \J\Xagnate\x \Iadj.\i 1).\j\p\B2\b \IPhilol.\i (of a word) having the same linguistic family or derivation (as another); representing the same original word or root (e.g. English \Ifather,\i German \IVater,\i Latin \Ipater).\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a relative.\p\B2\b \IPhilol.\i a cognate word. \Bcognately\b \Iadv.\i \Bcognateness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icognatus\i (as \J\Xco-\x,\j \Inatus\i 'born')\c
<hw>cognate object</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IGram.\i an object that is related in origin and sense to the verb governing it (as in \Ilive a good life).\i
<hw>cognition</hw> \K/kQg"nIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPhilos.\i knowing, perceiving, or conceiving as an act or faculty distinct from emotion and volition.\p\B2\b a result of this; a perception, sensation, notion, or intuition. \Bcognitional\b \Iadj.\i \Bcognitive\b \K/"kQgnItIv/\k \Iadj.\i \Bcognitively\b \K/"kQgnItIvli/\k \Iadv.\i\K-ively new f. corpus, incomings Mar 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icognitio\i (as \J\Xco-\x,\j \Ignoscere gnit-\i 'apprehend')\c
<hw>cognitivist</hw> \K/"kQgnItIvIst/\k \Iadj.\i \ILinguistics\i tending to emphasize the similarities between linguistic and non-linguistic knowledge. \Bcognitivism\b\p\In.\i\p\Knew in COD9 f. corpus, incomings Mar 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xcognitive\x\j (see \J\Xcognition\x)\j + \J\X-ist\x\j\c
<hw>cognizable</hw> \K/"kQ(g)nIz\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i (also \B-isable)\b\p\B1\b perceptible, recognizable; clearly identifiable.\p\B2\b \ILaw\i within the jurisdiction of a court. \Bcognizably\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xcognizance\x\j + \J\X-able\x\j\c
<hw>cognizance</hw> \K/"kQ(g)nIz(\F'\n)ns/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcognisance\b \K/-z(\F'\n)ns/\k)\p\B1\b knowledge or awareness; perception, notice.\p\B2\b the sphere of one's observation or concern.\p\B3\b \ILaw\i the right of a court to deal with a matter.\p\B4\b \IHeraldry\i a distinctive device or mark.\p\1have cognizance of\c know, esp. officially.\p\1take cognizance of\c attend to; take account of. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iconoisance,\i ultimately from Latin \Icognoscent-\i from \Icognitio:\i see \J\Xcognition\x\j\c
<hw>cognizant</hw> \K/"kQ(g)nIz(\F'\n)nt/\k \Iadj.\i (also \Bcognisant\b \K/-z(\F'\n)nt/\k) \I(foll. by \Bof)\b\i having knowledge or being aware of.
<hw>cognomen</hw> \K/kQg"n\F'\nUm\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a nickname.\p\B2\b \IAntiq Rom.Hist\i an ancient Roman's personal name or epithet, as in Marcus Tullius \ICicero,\i Publius Cornelius Scipio \IAfricanus.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin (as \J\Xco-\x,\j \I(g)nomen\i 'name')\c
<hw>cognoscente</hw> \K/kQnj\F'\n"SEnti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bcognoscenti\b \K/-ti/\k) \I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i a connoisseur. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian, literally 'a person who knows'\c
<hw>cogwheel</hw> \K/"kQgwi:l/\k\p\In.\i\p\IEngin\i a wheel with cogs.
<hw>cohabit</hw> \K/k\F'\nU"habIt/\k \Iv.intr.\i \B(cohabited,\b \Bcohabiting)\b live together, esp. as husband and wife without being married to one another. \Bcohabitant\b\p\In.\i\p\Bcohabitation\b \K/-"teIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bcohabitee\b \K/-"ti:/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bcohabiter\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icohabitare\i (as \J\Xco-\x,\j \Ihabitare\i 'dwell')\c
<hw>cohere</hw> \K/k\F'\n(U)"hI\F'\n/\k \Iv.intr.\i\p\B1\b (of parts or a whole) stick together, remain united.\p\B2\b (of reasoning etc.) be logical or consistent. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icohaerere cohaes-\i (as \J\Xco-\x,\j \Ihaerere\i 'stick')\c
<hw>coherent</hw> \K/k\F'\n(U)"hI\F'\nr(\F'\n)nt/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b (of a person) able to speak intelligibly and articulately.\p\B2\b (of speech, an argument, etc.) logical and consistent; easily followed.\p\B3\b cohering; sticking together.\p\B4\b \IPhysics\i (of waves) having a constant phase relationship. \Bcoherence\b\p\In.\i\p\Bcoherency\b\p\In.\i\p\Bcoherently\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icohaerere cohaerent-\i (as \J\Xcohere\x)\j\c
<hw>cohesion</hw> \K/k\F'\n(U)"hi:Z(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the act or condition of sticking together. \Bb\b a tendency to cohere.\p\B2\b \IPhysics\i the sticking together of molecules of the same substance. \Bcohesive\b \K/-sIv/\k \Iadj.\i \Bcohesively\b \K/-sIvli/\k \Iadv.\i \Bcohesiveness\b \K/-sIvnIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icohaes-\i (see \J\Xcohere\x),\j on the pattern of \Iadhesion\i\c
<hw>coho</hw> \K/"k\F'\nUh\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcohoe)\b \I(pl.\i \B-os\b or \B-oes)\b \IZool\i a silver salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch, of the N. Pacific. \BEtymology:\b \319th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>cohort</hw> \K/"k\F'\nUhO:t/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAntiq Rom.Hist\i\p\B1\b an ancient Roman military unit, equal to one-tenth of a legion.\p\B2\b a band of warriors.\p\B3\b \Ba\b persons banded or grouped together, esp. in a common cause. \Bb\b \IDemog\i a group of persons with a common statistical characteristic.\p\B4\b \BN. Amer.\b a companion or colleague. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from French \Icohorte\i or Latin \Icohors cohort-\i 'enclosure, company'\c Sense 4 of \Icohort,\i though quite common, especially in North American English, is criticized by many people and should be avoided.
<hw>COHSE</hw> \K/"k\F'\nUzi/\k \Iabbr.\i \Ihist.\i (in the UK) Confederation of Health Service Employees, merged with NALGO and NUPE in 1993 to form UNISON.
<hw>COI</hw> \Iabbr.\i (in the UK) Central Office of Information.
<hw>coif</hw> \K/kOIf/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IRelig Clothing\i a close-fitting cap, now esp. as worn by nuns under a veil.\p\B2\b \Besp. N. Amer.\b a coiffure, esp. an elaborate one.\p\B3\b \IMil Clothing\i \Ihist.\i a protective metal skullcap worn under armour. \Iv.tr.\i \B(coiffed,\b \Bcoiffing;\b \BUS\b also \Bcoifed,\b \Bcoifing)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b dress or arrange (the hair). \Bb\b arrange the hair of (a person).\p\B2\b cover with or as if with a coif.\Ksense 2 and v. new f. corpus, incomings, OED Sep 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icoife\i from Late Latin \Icofia\i 'helmet'\c
<hw>coiffeur</hw> \K/kwA:"f\F'\n:/, /kwQ-/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(fem.\i \Bcoiffeuse\b \K/-"f\F'\n:z/\k) \IHairdressing\i a hairdresser. \BEtymology:\b \3French\c
<hw>coiffure</hw> \K/kwA:"fjU\F'\n/, /kwQ-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IHairdressing\i the way hair is arranged; a hairstyle. \Bcoiffured\b \Iadj.\i\K-ed new f. corpus Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3French\c
<hw>coign</hw> \K/kOIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\1coign of vantage\c a favourable position for observation or action. \BEtymology:\b \3earlier spelling of \J\Xcoin\x\j in the sense 'cornerstone'\c
<hw>coil (1)</hw> \K/kOIl/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b anything arranged in a joined sequence of concentric circles.\p\B2\b a length of rope, a spring, etc., arranged in this way.\p\B3\b a single turn of something coiled, e.g. a snake.\p\B4\b \IHairdressing\i a lock of hair twisted and coiled.\p\B5\b \IMed\i an intrauterine contraceptive device in the form of a coil.\p\B6\b \IElectr.\i a device consisting of a coiled wire for converting low voltage to high voltage, esp. for transmission to the sparking plugs of an internal-combustion engine.\p\B7\b a piece of wire, piping, etc., wound in circles or spirals.\p\B8\b a roll of postage stamps.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i arrange in a series of concentric loops or rings.\p\B2\b \Itr. & intr.\i twist or be twisted into a circular or spiral shape.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i move sinuously. \BEtymology:\b \3Old French \Icoillir\i from Latin \Icolligere\i \J\Xcollect\x (1)\j\c
<hw>coil (2)</hw> \K/kOIl/\k\p\In.\i\p\1this mortal coil\c the bustle or turmoil of earthly life (with reference to Shakespeare's \IHamlet\i iii. i. 67). \BEtymology:\b \316th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>coin</hw> \K/kOIn/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\ICurrency\i\p\B1\b a piece of flat usu. round metal stamped and issued by authority as money.\p\B2\b \I\B(collect.)\b\i metal money. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b make (coins) by stamping.\p\B2\b make (metal) into coins.\p\B3\b \IPhilol\i invent or devise (esp. a new word or phrase).\p\1coin money (or coin it, coin it in)\c make much money quickly.\Kcoin it (in) new in COD9 f. Incomings, corpus, COD box Aug 93\k\p\1to coin a phrase\c \Iiron.\i introducing a banal remark or clichΘ. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French, = stamping-die, from Latin \Icuneus\i 'wedge'\c
<hw>coinage</hw> \K/"kOInIdZ/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or process of coining.\p\B2\b \ICurrency\i \Ba\b coins collectively. \Bb\b a system or type of coins in use \3(decimal coinage;\c \2bronze coinage).\c\p\B3\b \IPhilol\i an invention, esp. of a new word or phrase. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Icoigniage\i\c
<hw>coin box</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ITelephony\i\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b a telephone operated by inserting coins.\p\B2\b the receptacle for these.
<hw>coincide</hw> \K/k\F'\nUIn"sVId/\k \Iv.intr.\i\p\B1\b occur at or during the same time.\p\B2\b occupy the same portion of space.\p\B3\b \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i be in agreement; have the same view. \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Icoincidere\i (as \J\Xco-\x,\j \J\Xincident\x)\j\c
<hw>coincidence</hw> \K/k\F'\nU"InsId(\F'\n)ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b occurring or being together. \Bb\b an instance of this.\p\B2\b a remarkable concurrence of events or circumstances without apparent causal connection.\p\B3\b \IPhysics\i the presence of ionizing particles etc. in two or more detectors simultaneously, or of two or more signals simultaneously in a circuit. \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Icoincidentia\i (as \J\Xcoincide\x)\j\c
<hw>coincident</hw> \K/k\F'\nU"InsId(\F'\n)nt/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b occurring together in space or time.\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bwith)\b\i in agreement; harmonious. \Bcoincidently\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>coincidental</hw> \K/k\F'\nUInsI"dEnt(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b in the nature of or resulting from a coincidence.\p\B2\b happening or existing at the same time. \Bcoincidentally\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>coiner</hw> \K/"kOIn\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ICurrency\i a person who coins money, \Besp. Brit.\b the maker of counterfeit coin.\p\B2\b \ILinguistics\i a person who invents or devises something (esp. a new word or phrase).
<hw>coin-op</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i a launderette etc. with automatic machines operated by inserting coins.
<hw>Cointreau</hw> \K/"kwA:ntr\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\IDrink\i \Ipropr.\i a colourless orange-flavoured liqueur. \BEtymology:\b \3French\c
<hw>coir</hw> \K/"kOI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pfibre from the outer husk of the coconut, used for ropes, matting, in potting compost, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Malayalam \Ikayar\i 'cord' from \Ikayaru\i 'be twisted'\c
<hw>coke (1)</hw> \K/k\F'\nUk/\k \In. & v.\i \IChem\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a solid substance left after the gases have been extracted from coal.\p\B2\b a residue left after the incomplete combustion of petrol etc. \Iv.tr.\i convert (coal) into coke. \BEtymology:\b \3probably from northern English dialect \Icolk\i 'core', of unknown origin\c
<hw>Col.</hw> \Iabbr.\i\p\B1\b \IMil\i Colonel.\p\B2\b \IRelig\i Colossians (New Testament).
<hw>col</hw> \K/kQl/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IGeol\i a depression in the summit-line of a chain of mountains, generally affording a pass from one slope to another.\p\B2\b \IMeteorol.\i a low-pressure region between anticyclones. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = neck, from Latin \Icollum\i\c
<hw>col.</hw> \Iabbr.\i column.
<hw>col-</hw> \K/kQl/, /k\F'\nl/\k \Iprefix\i \Iassim. form of\i \J\Xcom-\x\j before \Il.\i
<hw>cola</hw> \K/"k\F'\nUl\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bkola)\b\p\B1\b \IBot\i any small tree of the genus \ICola,\i native to W. Africa, bearing seeds containing caffeine.\p\B2\b \IDrink\i a carbonated drink usu. flavoured with these seeds. \BEtymology:\b \3Temne (a language of Sierra Leone)\c
<hw>colander</hw> \K/"kVl\F'\nnd\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i a perforated vessel used to strain off liquid in cookery. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, ultimately from Latin \Icolare\i 'strain'\c
<hw>cola nut</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a seed of the cola tree.
<hw>co-latitude</hw> \K/k\F'\nU"latItju:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAstron.\i the complement of the latitude, the difference between it and 90░.
<hw>colchicine</hw> \K/"kQltSIsi:n/, /"kQlk-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPharm\i a yellow alkaloid obtained from colchicum, used in the treatment of gout.
<hw>colchicum</hw> \K/"kQltSIk\F'\nm/, /"kQlk-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b a plant of the genus \IColchicum\i (lily family), esp. meadow saffron.\p\B2\b its dried corm or seed. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin from Greek \Ikolkhikon\i 'of Kolkhis', a region east of the Black Sea\c
<hw>cold</hw> \K/k\F'\nUld/\k \Iadj., n., & adv.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of or at a low or relatively low temperature, esp. when compared with the human body.\p\B2\b not heated; cooled after being heated.\p\B3\b (of a person) feeling cold.\p\B4\b lacking ardour, friendliness, or affection; undemonstrative, apathetic.\p\B5\b depressing, dispiriting, uninteresting \3(cold facts).\c\p\B6\b \Ba\b dead. \Bb\b \Icolloq.\i unconscious.\p\B7\b \Icolloq.\i at one's mercy \3(had me cold).\c\p\B8\b \ISex\i sexually frigid.\p\B9\b (of soil) slow to absorb heat.\p\B10\b (of a scent in hunting) having become weak.\p\B11\b \IGames\i (in children's games) far from finding or guessing what is sought.\p\B12\b without preparation or rehearsal.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the prevalence of a low temperature, esp. in the atmosphere. \Bb\b cold weather; a cold environment \3(went out into the cold).\c\p\B2\b \IMed\i an infection in which the mucous membrane of the nose and throat becomes inflamed, causing running at the nose, sneezing, sore throat, etc. \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b unrehearsed, without preparation.\Ksense 1 of adv. new in COD9 f. corpus, COD box Aug 93\k\p\B2\b \Besp. US\b \Islang\i completely, entirely \3(was stopped cold mid-sentence).\c\p\1catch a cold\c\p\B1\b become infected with a cold.\p\B2\b encounter trouble or difficulties.\p\1cold call\c \ICommerce\i sell goods or services by making unsolicited calls on prospective customers by telephone or in person.\p\1in cold blood\c without feeling or passion; deliberately, ruthlessly.\p\1out in the cold\c ignored, neglected.\p\1throw (or pour) cold water on\c be discouraging or depreciatory about. \Bcoldish\b \Iadj.\i \Bcoldly\b \Iadv.\i \Bcoldness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Icald\i from Germanic, related to Latin \Igelu\i 'frost'\c
<hw>cold-blooded</hw> \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IPhysiol\i having a body temperature varying with that of the environment (e.g. of fish); poikilothermic.\p\B2\b callous; deliberately cruel. \Bcold-bloodedly\b \Iadv.\i \Bcold-bloodedness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>cold cathode</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IElectr\i a cathode that emits electrons without being heated.
<hw>cold chisel</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBuilding\i a chisel suitable for cutting metal.
<hw>cold comfort</hw>\p\In.\i\ppoor or inadequate consolation.
<hw>cold cream</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICosmetics\i ointment for cleansing and softening the skin.
<hw>cold cuts</hw> \In.pl.\i \IFood\i slices of cold cooked meats.
<hw>cold feet</hw> \In.pl.\i \Icolloq.\i loss of nerve or confidence.
<hw>cold frame</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IHort\i an unheated frame with a glass top for growing small plants.
<hw>cold front</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMeteorol\i the forward edge of an advancing mass of cold air.
<hw>cold-hearted</hw> \Iadj.\i lacking affection or warmth; unfriendly. \Bcold-heartedly\b \Iadv.\i \Bcold-heartedness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>cold-short</hw> \Iadj.\i \IMetallurgy\i (of a metal) brittle in its cold state. \BEtymology:\b \3Swedish \Ikallsk÷r,\i from \Ikall\i 'cold' + \Isk÷r\i 'brittle': assimilated to \J\Xshort\x\j\c
<hw>cold shoulder</hw> \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\pa show of intentional unfriendliness. \Iv.tr.\i \B(cold-shoulder)\b be deliberately unfriendly to.
<hw>cold snap</hw> \Isee\i \J\Xsnap\x\p\In.\i\p4.\j\Knew as hwd Sep 94\k
<hw>cold sore</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i inflammation and blisters in and around the mouth, caused by infection with herpes simplex virus.
<hw>cold start</hw> \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMotoring\i the starting of an engine or machine at the ambient temperature.\p\B2\b the starting of a process, enterprise, etc. without prior preparation. \Iv.tr.\i \B(cold-start)\b start something at the ambient temperature or without prior preparation.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k
<hw>cold steel</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i cutting or thrusting weapons.
<hw>cold storage</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b storage in a refrigerator or other cold place for preservation.\p\B2\b a state in which something (esp. an idea) is put aside temporarily.
<hw>cold store</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i a large refrigerated room for preserving usu. commercial food stocks at very low temperatures.\Knew f. corpus Mar 94\k
<hw>cold sweat</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a state of sweating induced by fear or illness.
<hw>cold table</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ICookery\i a selection of dishes of cold food.
<hw>cold turkey</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Islang\i\p\B1\b \IDrugs\i abrupt withdrawal from addictive drugs; the symptoms of this.\p\B2\b \BUS\b blunt statements or blunt treatment.
<hw>cold war</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i a state of hostility between nations without actual fighting.
<hw>cold wave</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMeteorol\i a temporary spell of cold weather over a wide area.\p\B2\b \IHairdressing\i a kind of permanent wave for the hair using chemicals and without heat.
<hw>cole</hw> \K/k\F'\nUl/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(usu. in \Bcomb.)\b\i \IBot\i\p\B1\b cabbage.\p\B2\b = \J\Xrape\x (2).\j \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old Norse \Ikßl\i from Latin \Icaulis\i 'stem, cabbage'\c
<hw>coleopteran</hw> \K/kQlI"Qpt(\F'\n)r(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i any insect of the order Coleoptera, comprising the beetles and weevils, which have the forewings modified into sheaths to protect the hindwings, and biting mouthparts. \Bcoleopterist\b\p\In.\i\p\Bcoleopterous\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \IColeoptera\i from Greek \Ikoleopteros,\i from \Ikoleon\i 'sheath' + \Ipteron\i 'wing'\c
<hw>coleoptile</hw> \K/kQlI"QptVIl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot.\i \IAnat\i a sheath protecting a young shoot tip in grasses. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ikoleon\i 'sheath' + \Iptilon\i 'feather'\c
<hw>coleslaw</hw> \K/"k\F'\nUlslO:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFood\i a dressed salad of sliced raw cabbage, carrot, onion, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Dutch \Ikoolsla:\i see \J\Xcole\x,\j \J\Xslaw\x\j\c
<hw>coleus</hw> \K/"k\F'\nUlI\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a plant of the genus \ISolenostemon\i (formerly \IColeus),\i having variegated coloured leaves. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from Greek \Ikoleon\i 'sheath': from the way the stamens are joined together\c
<hw>colic</hw> \K/"kQlIk/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a severe spasmodic abdominal pain. \Bcolicky\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via French \Icolique\i from Late Latin \Icolicus:\i see \J\Xcolon\x (2)\j\c
<hw>coliseum</hw> \K/kQlI"si:\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcolosseum\b \K/kQl\F'\n-/\k) \ITheatr\i a large stadium or amphitheatre. \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin, neut. of \Icolosseus\i 'gigantic' (as \J\Xcolossus\x)\j\c \IColiseum\i most commonly occurs in titles of buildings etc., and therefore with a capital initial. The name of the amphitheatre in Rome is spelt \IColosseum\i while the names of these buildings in other countries are usually spelt \IColiseum.\i
<hw>colitis</hw> \K/k\F'\n"lVItIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed.\i inflammation of the lining of the colon.
<hw>Coll.</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IEducation\i College.
<hw>collaborate</hw> \K/k\F'\n"lab\F'\nreIt/\k \Iv.intr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i\p\B1\b work jointly, esp. in a literary or artistic production.\p\B2\b cooperate traitorously with an enemy. \Bcollaboration\b \K/-"reIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bcollaborationist\b \K/-"reIS(\F'\n)nIst/\k \In. & adj.\i \Bcollaborative\b \K/-r\F'\ntIv/\k \Iadj.\i \Bcollaboratively\b \K/-r\F'\ntIvli/\k \Iadv.\i\K-tively new in COD9 f. corpus, Incomings, COD box Aug 93\k \Bcollaborator\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icollaborare collaborat-\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Ilaborare\i 'work')\c
<hw>collage</hw> \K/kQ"lA:Z/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IArt\i a form of art in which various materials (e.g. photographs, pieces of paper, fabric, or wood) are arranged and glued to a backing.\p\B2\b \IArt\i a work of art done in this way.\p\B3\b a collection of unrelated things. \Bcollagist\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French, = gluing\c
<hw>collagen</hw> \K/"kQl\F'\ndZ(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiochem.\i the main structural protein found in animal connective tissue, yielding gelatin on boiling. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IcollagΦne,\i from Greek \Ikolla\i 'glue' + \I-gΦne\i = \J\X-gen\x\j\c
<hw>collapsar</hw> \K/k\F'\n"lapsA:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAstron.\i an old star that has collapsed under its own gravity to form a white dwarf, neutron star, or black hole.
<hw>collapse</hw> \K/k\F'\n"laps/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the tumbling down or falling in of a structure; folding up; giving way.\p\B2\b a sudden failure of a plan, undertaking, etc.\p\B3\b a physical or mental breakdown.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \Iintr.\i undergo or experience a collapse. \Bb\b \Itr.\i cause to collapse.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \Icolloq.\i lie or sit down and relax, esp. after prolonged effort \3(collapsed into a chair).\c\p\B3\b \Ba\b \Iintr.\i (of furniture etc.) be foldable into a small space. \Bb\b \Itr.\i fold (furniture) in this way. \Bcollapsible\b \Iadj.\i \Bcollapsibility\b \K/-"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icollapsus,\i past part. of \Icollabi\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Ilabi\i 'slip')\c
<hw>collar</hw> \K/"kQl\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IClothing\i the part of a shirt, dress, coat, etc., that goes round the neck, either upright or turned over.\p\B2\b \IClothing\i a band of linen, lace, etc., completing the upper part of a garment.\p\B3\b a band of leather or other material put round an animal's (esp. a dog's) neck.\p\B4\b \IMech\i a restraining or connecting band, ring, or pipe in machinery.\p\B5\b \IBiol\i a coloured marking resembling a collar round the neck of a bird or animal.\p\B6\b \BBrit.\b \IFood\i a piece of meat rolled up and tied. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b seize (a person) by the collar or neck.\p\B2\b capture, apprehend.\p\B3\b \Icolloq.\i accost.\p\B4\b \Islang\i take, esp. illicitly. \Bcollared\b \Iadj.\i \I(also in \Bcomb.).\b\i \Bcollarless\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Anglo-French \Icoler,\i Old French \Icolier,\i from Latin \Icollare,\i from \Icollum\i 'neck'\c
<hw>collar-beam</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IArchit Building\i a horizontal beam connecting two rafters and forming with them an A-shaped roof-truss.
<hw>collarbone</hw> \K/"kQl\F'\nb\F'\nUn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnat\i either of two bones joining the breastbone and the shoulder blades. \IAlso called\i \Iclavicle.\i
<hw>collard</hw> \K/"kQl\F'\nd/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcollards,\b \Bcollard greens)\b \BN. Amer.\b & \BBrit.\b \Idial.\i \IFood\i a variety of cabbage without a distinct heart. \BEtymology:\b \3reduced form of \Icolewort,\i from \J\Xcole\x\j + \J\Xwort\x\j\c\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k
<hw>collared dove</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a dove, Streptopelia decaocto, having distinct neck-markings.
<hw>collate</hw> \K/kQ"leIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b analyse and compare (texts, statements, etc.) to identify points of agreement and difference.\p\B2\b \IBibliog.\i verify the order of (sheets of a book) by their signatures.\p\B3\b assemble (information) from different sources.\p\B4\b \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i \IEccl.\i appoint (a clergyman) to a benefice. \Bcollator\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icollat-,\i past part. stem of \Iconferre\i 'compare'\c
<hw>collateral</hw> \K/kQ"lat(\F'\n)r(\F'\n)l/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ICommerce\i security pledged as a guarantee for repayment of a loan.\p\B2\b \IGenealogy\i a person having the same descent as another but by a different line. \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b descended from the same stock but by a different line.\p\B2\b side by side; parallel.\p\B3\b \Ba\b additional but subordinate. \Bb\b contributory. \Bc\b connected but aside from the main subject, course, etc. \Bcollaterality\b \K/-"ralIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bcollaterally\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from medieval Latin \Icollateralis\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \J\Xlateral\x)\j\c
<hw>collateral damage</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i destruction or injury beyond that intended or expected, esp. in the vicinity of a military target.\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED Aug 93\k
<hw>collateralize</hw> \K/kQ"lat(\F'\n)r(\F'\n)lVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b \I(usu. in \Bpassive)\b\i \ICommerce\i secure (a loan, bonds, etc.) with collateral.\Knew f. corpus, incomings Mar 94\k
<hw>collation</hw> \K/kQ"leIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or an instance of collating.\p\B2\b \Ba\b \IRC Ch.\i a light meal allowed during a fast. \Bb\b a light informal meal. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French from Latin \Icollatio -onis\i (see \J\Xcollate\x):\j sense 2a from Cassian's \ICollationes Patrum\i (= \ILives of the Fathers)\i read by Benedictines and followed by a light meal\c
<hw>colleague</hw> \K/"kQli:g/\k\p\In.\i\pa fellow official or worker, esp. in a profession or business. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IcollΦgue\i from Latin \Icollega\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Ilegare\i 'depute')\c
<hw>collect (1)</hw> \K/k\F'\n"lEkt/\k \Iv., adj., & adv.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr. & intr.\i bring or come together; assemble, accumulate.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i systematically seek and acquire (books, stamps, etc.), esp. as a continuing hobby.\p\B3\b \Ba\b \Itr.\i obtain (taxes, contributions, etc.) from a number of people. \Bb\b \Iintr.\i \Icolloq.\i receive money.\p\B4\b \Itr.\i call for; fetch \3(went to collect the laundry).\c\p\B5\b \Ba\b \Irefl.\i regain control of oneself esp. after a shock. \Bb\b \Itr.\i concentrate (one's energies, thoughts, etc.). \Bc\b \Itr.\i (as \Bcollected\b \Iadj.)\i calm and cool; not perturbed or distracted.\p\B6\b \Itr.\i infer, gather, conclude. \Iadj. & adv.\i \BN. Amer.\b to be paid for by the receiver (of a telephone call, parcel, etc.). \Bcollectedly\b \Iadv.\i\Kcollectable now hwd Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icollecter\i or medieval Latin \Icollectare\i from Latin \Icollectus,\i past part. of \Icolligere\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Ilegere\i 'pick')\c
<hw>collect (2)</hw> \K/"kQlEkt/, /-lIkt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IEccl\i a short prayer of the Anglican and Roman Catholic Church, esp. one assigned to a particular day or season. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icollecte\i from Latin \Icollecta\i 'gathering', fem. past part. of \Icolligere:\i see \J\Xcollect\x (1)\j\c
<hw>collectable</hw> \K/k\F'\n"lEkt\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj. & n.\i (also \Bcollectible)\b \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b worth collecting.\p\B2\b able to be collected.\Ksense 2 new f. corpus Mar 94\k\p\In.\i\pan item sought by collectors. \Bcollectability\b \K/-"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\K-bility new f. corpus Mar 94\k
<hw>collection</hw> \K/k\F'\n"lEkS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or process of collecting or being collected.\p\B2\b a group of things collected together (e.g. works of art, literary items, or specimens), esp. systematically.\p\B3\b \I(foll. by \Bof)\b\i an accumulation; a mass or pile \3(a collection of dust).\c\p\B4\b \Ba\b the collecting of money, esp. in church or for a charitable cause. \Bb\b the amount collected.\p\B5\b the regular removal of mail for dispatch, refuse for disposal, etc.\p\B6\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \BBrit.\b \IEducation\i college examinations held at the end of a term, esp. at Oxford University. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Icollectio -onis\i (as \J\Xcollect\x (1))\j\c
<hw>collective</hw> \K/k\F'\n"lEktIv/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b formed by or constituting a collection.\p\B2\b taken as a whole; aggregate \3(our collective opinion).\c\p\B3\b of or from several or many individuals; common.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \IAgriculture\i = \J\Xcollective farm\x.\j \Bb\b any cooperative enterprise. \Bc\b its members.\p\B2\b \IGram\i = \J\Xcollective noun\x.\j \Bcollectively\b \Iadv.\i \Bcollectiveness\b\p\In.\i\p\Bcollectivity\b \K/-"tIvIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Icollectif\i or Latin \Icollectivus\i (as \J\Xcollect\x (1))\j\c
<hw>collective bargaining</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IIndustry\i negotiation of wages etc. by an organized body of employees.
<hw>collective farm</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAgriculture\i a jointly-operated esp. state-owned amalgamation of several smallholdings.
<hw>collective memory</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAnthropol.\i the memory of a group of people, often passed from one generation to the next.\Knew in COD9 f. corpus, incomings Aug 93\k
<hw>collective noun</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IGram.\i a noun that is grammatically singular and denotes a collection or number of individuals (e.g. \Iassembly,\i \Ifamily,\i \Itroop).\i
<hw>collective ownership</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPolit Commerce\i ownership of land, means of production, etc., by all for the benefit of all.
<hw>collective unconscious</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPsychol.\i (in Jungian theory) the part of the unconscious mind which is derived from ancestral memory and experience, and is common to all humankind, as distinct from the individual's unconscious.
<hw>collectivism</hw> \K/k\F'\n"lEktIvIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPolit Commerce\i the theory and practice of the collective ownership of land and the means of production. \Bcollectivist\b\p\In.\i\p\Bcollectivistic\b \K/-"vIstIk/\k \Iadj.\i
<hw>collectivize</hw> \K/k\F'\n"lEktIvVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b \IPolit Commerce\i organize on the basis of collective ownership. \Bcollectivization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>collector</hw> \K/k\F'\n"lEkt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person who collects, esp. things of interest as a hobby.\p\B2\b a person who collects money etc. due \3(tax collector;\c \2rent collector).\c\p\B3\b \IElectronics\i the region in a transistor that absorbs carriers of a charge. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Anglo-French \Icollectour\i from medieval Latin \Icollector\i (as \J\Xcollect\x (1))\j\c
<hw>collector's item</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcollector's piece)\b a valuable object, esp. one of interest to collectors.
<hw>colleen</hw> \K/kQ"li:n/, /"kQli:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BIr.\b a girl. \BEtymology:\b \3Irish \Icailφn,\i diminutive of \Icaile\i 'countrywoman'\c
<hw>college</hw> \K/"kQlIdZ/\k\p\In.\i\p\IEducation\i\p\B1\b an establishment for further or higher education, sometimes part of a university.\p\B2\b an establishment for specialized professional education \3(business college;\c \2college of music;\c \2naval college).\c\p\B3\b \BBrit.\b the buildings or premises of a college \3(lived in college).\c\p\B4\b the students and teachers in a college.\p\B5\b \BBrit.\b a private secondary school.\p\B6\b an organized body of persons with shared functions and privileges \3(College of Physicians).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Icollege\i or Latin \Icollegium,\i from \Icollega\i (as \J\Xcolleague\x)\j\c
<hw>College of Arms</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IHeraldry\i (in the UK) a corporation recording lineage and granting arms.\Kdenested Sep 94\k
<hw>college of education</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IEducation\i a training college for schoolteachers.\Kdenested Sep 94\k
<hw>college pudding</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ICookery\i a small baked or steamed suet pudding with dried fruit.
<hw>collegial</hw> \K/k\F'\n"li:dZI\F'\nl/, /-dZ(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b = \J\Xcollegiate\x 1.\j\p\B2\b relating to or involving shared responsibility, as among a group of colleagues. \Bcollegiality\b \K/k\F'\nli:dZI"alIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Knew as hwd; collegiality new f. Incs, corpus, NSOED Oct 94\k
<hw>collegian</hw> \K/k\F'\n"li:dZI\F'\nn/, /-dZ(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IEducation\i a member of a college. \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Icollegianus\i (as \J\Xcollege\x)\j\c
<hw>collegiate</hw> \K/k\F'\n"li:dZ(I)\F'\nt/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of the nature of, constituted as, or belonging to, a college; corporate.\p\B2\b (of a university) composed of different colleges.\K2 new in COD9 f. POD, NSOED Aug 93\k\p\B3\b designed for use by college students.\K3 new in COD9 f. NSOED Aug 93\k \Bcollegiately\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Icollegiatus\i (as \J\Xcollege\x)\j\c
<hw>collegiate church</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i\p\B1\b a church endowed for a chapter of canons but without a bishop's see.\p\B2\b \BUS\b & \BSc.\b a church or group of churches established under a joint pastorate.
<hw>collenchyma</hw> \K/k\F'\n"lENkIm\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot.\i \IAnat\i a tissue of cells with thick cellulose cell walls, strengthening young stems etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ikolla\i 'glue' + \Iegkhuma\i 'infusion'\c
<hw>Colles' fracture</hw> \K/"kQlIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a fracture of the lower end of the radius with a backward displacement of the hand. \BEtymology:\b \3A. \IColles,\i Irish surgeon d. 1843\c
<hw>collet</hw> \K/"kQlIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a flange or socket for setting a gem in jewellery.\p\B2\b \IEngin.\i a segmented band or sleeve put round a shaft or spindle and tightened to grip it.\p\B3\b \IHorol.\i a small collar in a clock etc. to which the inner end of a balance spring is attached. \BEtymology:\b \3French, diminutive of \J\Xcol\x\j\c
<hw>collide</hw> \K/k\F'\n"lVId/\k \Iv.intr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i\p\B1\b come into abrupt or violent impact.\p\B2\b be in conflict. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icollidere collis-\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Ilaedere\i 'strike, damage')\c
<hw>collider</hw> \K/k\F'\n"lVId\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i an accelerator in which two beams of particles are made to collide.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k
<hw>collie</hw> \K/"kQli/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i\p\B1\b a sheepdog originally of a Scottish breed, with a long pointed nose and usu. dense long hair.\p\B2\b this breed. \BEtymology:\b \3perhaps from \Icoll\i \J\Xcoal\x\j (the breed originally being black)\c
<hw>collier</hw> \K/"kQlI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMining\i a coal miner.\p\B2\b \INaut\i \Ba\b a coal-ship. \Bb\b \BBrit.\b a member of its crew. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, from \J\Xcoal\x\j + \J\X-ier\x\j\c
<hw>colliery</hw> \K/"kQlI\F'\nri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IMining\i a coal mine and its associated buildings.
<hw>colligate</hw> \K/"kQlIgeIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i bring into connection (esp. isolated facts by a generalization). \Bcolligation\b \K/-"geIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icolligare colligat-\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Iligare\i 'bind')\c
<hw>collimate</hw> \K/"kQlImeIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i \IAstron Physics\i\p\B1\b adjust the line of sight of (a telescope etc.).\p\B2\b make (telescopes or rays) accurately parallel. \Bcollimation\b \K/-"meIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icollimare,\i erroneous for \Icollineare\i 'align' (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Ilinea\i 'line')\c
<hw>collimator</hw> \K/"kQlImeIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPhysics\i a device for producing a parallel beam of rays or radiation.\p\B2\b \IAstron\i a small fixed telescope used for adjusting the line of sight of an astronomical telescope etc.
<hw>collinear</hw> \K/kQ"lInI\F'\n/\k \Iadj.\i \IGeom.\i (of points) lying in the same straight line. \Bcollinearity\b \K/-"arIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Kcollinearly omitted Aug 93\k
<hw>Collins</hw> \K/"kQlInz/\k\p\In.\i\p(in full \BTom Collins)\b \IDrink\i an iced drink made of gin or whisky etc. with soda, lemon or lime juice, and sugar. \BEtymology:\b \320th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>collision</hw> \K/k\F'\n"lIZ(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a violent impact of a moving body, esp. a vehicle or ship, with another or with a fixed object.\p\B2\b the clashing of opposed interests or considerations.\p\B3\b \IPhysics\i the action of particles striking or coming together. \Bcollisional\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Late Latin \Icollisio\i (as \J\Xcollide\x)\j\c
<hw>collision course</hw>\p\In.\i\pa course or action that is bound to cause a collision or conflict.
<hw>collocate</hw> \K/"kQl\F'\nkeIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b place together or side by side.\p\B2\b arrange; set in a particular place.\p\B3\b \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i \ILinguistics\i juxtapose (a word etc.) with another. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icollocare collocat-\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Ilocare\i 'to place')\c
<hw>collocation</hw> \K/kQl\F'\n"keIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ILinguistics\i \Ba\b the juxtaposition or association of a particular word with another particular word or words. \Bb\b the words so juxtaposed or associated.\p\B2\b the action of collocating; the state of being collocated.\Knew as hwd Aug 93\k
<hw>collocutor</hw> \K/"kQl\F'\nkju:t\F'\n/, /k\F'\n"lQkjUt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pa person who takes part in a conversation. \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin, from \Icolloqui\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Iloqui locut-\i 'talk')\c
<hw>collodion</hw> \K/k\F'\n"l\F'\nUdI\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPharm Photog\i a syrupy solution of nitrocellulose in a mixture of alcohol and ether, used in photography and surgery. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ikollodes\i 'glue-like', from \Ikolla\i 'glue'\c
<hw>collogue</hw> \K/kQ"l\F'\nUg/\k \Iv.intr.\i \B(collogues,\b \Bcollogued,\b \Bcolloguing)\b \I(foll. by \Bwith)\b\i talk confidentially. \BEtymology:\b \3probably alteration of obsolete \Icolleague\i 'conspire', by association with Latin \Icolloqui\i 'converse'\c
<hw>colloid</hw> \K/"kQlOId/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IChem.\i a non-crystalline substance consisting of ultramicroscopic particles, esp. large single molecules, usu. dispersed through a second substance, as in gels, sols, and emulsions.\p\B2\b \IMed.\i a substance of a homogeneous gelatinous consistency. \Bcolloidal\b \K/k\F'\n"lOId(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ikolla\i 'glue' + \J\X-oid\x\j\c
<hw>collop</hw> \K/"kQl\F'\np/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i a slice, esp. of meat or bacon; an escalope. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, = fried bacon and eggs, of Scandinavian origin\c
<hw>colloquial</hw> \K/k\F'\n"l\F'\nUkwI\F'\nl/\k \Iadj.\i \ILinguistics\i belonging to or proper to ordinary or familiar conversation, not formal or literary. \Bcolloquially\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icolloquium\i \J\Xcolloquy\x\j\c
<hw>colloquialism</hw> \K/k\F'\n"l\F'\nUkwI\F'\nlIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILinguistics\i\p\B1\b a colloquial word or phrase.\p\B2\b the use of colloquialisms.
<hw>colloquium</hw> \K/k\F'\n"l\F'\nUkwI\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bcolloquiums\b or \Bcolloquia\b \K/-kwI\F'\n/\k) an academic conference or seminar. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin: see \J\Xcolloquy\x\j\c
<hw>colloquy</hw> \K/"kQl\F'\nkwi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-quies)\b\p\B1\b \Iformal\i \Ba\b the act of conversing. \Bb\b a conversation.\p\B2\b \IEccl.\i a gathering for discussion of theological questions. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icolloquium\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Iloqui\i speak)\c
<hw>collotype</hw> \K/"kQl\F'\ntVIp/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPrinting\i\p\B1\b a thin sheet of gelatin exposed to light, treated with reagents, and used to make high-quality prints by lithography.\p\B2\b a print made by this process. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ikolla\i 'glue' + \J\Xtype\x\j\c
<hw>collude</hw> \K/k\F'\n"l(j)u:d/\k \Iv.intr.\i come to an understanding or conspire together, esp. for a fraudulent purpose. \Bcolluder\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icolludere collus-\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Iludere lus-\i 'play')\c
<hw>collusion</hw> \K/k\F'\n"l(j)u:Z(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a secret understanding, esp. for a fraudulent purpose.\p\B2\b \ILaw\i such an understanding between ostensible opponents in a lawsuit. \Bcollusive\b \Iadj.\i \Bcollusively\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Icollusion\i or Latin \Icollusio\i (as \J\Xcollude\x)\j\c
<hw>collyrium</hw> \K/k\F'\n"lIrI\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bcollyria\b \K/-rI\F'\n/\k) \IMed\i a medicated eye-lotion. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin from Greek \Ikollurion\i 'poultice', from \Ikollura\i 'coarse bread roll'\c
<hw>collywobbles</hw> \K/"kQlIwQb(\F'\n)lz/\k \In.pl.\i \Icolloq.\i\p\B1\b a rumbling or pain in the stomach.\p\B2\b a feeling of strong apprehension. \BEtymology:\b \3fanciful, from \J\Xcolic\x\j + \J\Xwobble\x\j\c
<hw>Colo.</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IGeog\i Colorado.
<hw>colobus</hw> \K/"kQl\F'\nb\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i any leaf-eating monkey of the genus \IColobus,\i native to Africa, having shortened thumbs. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from Greek \Ikolobos\i 'docked'\c
<hw>colocynth</hw> \K/"kQl\F'\nsInT/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcoloquintida\b \K/kQl\F'\n"kwIntId\F'\n/\k)\p\B1\b \IBot\i \Ba\b a plant of the gourd family, Citrullus colocynthis, bearing a pulpy fruit. \Bb\b this fruit.\p\B2\b \IPharm\i a bitter purgative drug obtained from the fruit. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icolocynthis\i from Greek \Ikolokunthis\i\c
<hw>cologne</hw> \K/k\F'\n"l\F'\nUn/\k\p\In.\i\p(in full \Bcologne water)\b eau de Cologne or a similar scented toilet water. \BEtymology:\b \3\ICologne\i in Germany\c
<hw>colon (1)</hw> \K/"k\F'\nUl\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILinguistics\i a punctuation mark (:), used esp. to introduce a quotation or a list of items or to separate clauses when the second expands or illustrates the first; also between numbers in a statement of proportion (as in 10:1) and in biblical references (as in Exodus 3:2). \BEtymology:\b \3Latin from Greek \Ikolon\i 'limb, clause'\c
<hw>colon (2)</hw> \K/"k\F'\nUl\F'\nn/, /-lQn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnat.\i the greater part of the large intestine, from the caecum to the rectum. \Bcolonic\b \K/k\F'\n"lQnIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, ultimately from Greek \Ikolon\i\c
<hw>colonel</hw> \K/"k\F'\n:n(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i\p\B1\b an army officer in command of a regiment, immediately below a brigadier in rank.\p\B2\b \BUS\b an officer of corresponding rank in the Air Force.\p\B3\b = \J\Xlieutenant colonel\x.\j \Bcolonelcy\b\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies).\b \BEtymology:\b \3obsolete French \Icoronel\i from Italian \Icolonnello\i 'column of soldiers', from \Icolonna\i \J\Xcolumn\x\j\c
<hw>colonial</hw> \K/k\F'\n"l\F'\nUnI\F'\nl/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b of, relating to, or characteristic of a colony or colonies, esp. of a British Crown Colony. \Bb\b of colonialism.\K1b new in COD9 f. POD Aug 93\k\p\B2\b \IArchit\i (esp. of architecture or furniture) built or designed in, or in a style characteristic of, the period of the British colonies in America before independence.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a native or inhabitant of a colony.\p\B2\b \IArchit\i a house built in colonial style. \Bcolonially\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>colonial goose</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BAustral.\b & \BNZ\b \ICookery\i a boned and stuffed roast leg of mutton.
<hw>colonialism</hw> \K/k\F'\n"l\F'\nUnI\F'\nlIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i\p\B1\b a policy of acquiring or maintaining colonies.\p\B2\b \Iderog.\i this policy regarded as the esp. economic exploitation of weak or backward peoples by a larger power. \Bcolonialist\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>colonist</hw> \K/"kQl\F'\nnIst/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPeople Polit\i a settler in or inhabitant of a colony.
<hw>colonize</hw> \K/"kQl\F'\nnVIz/\k\p\Iv.\i\p(also \B-ise)\b\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \IPolit\i \Ba\b establish a colony or colonies in (a country or area). \Bb\b settle as colonists.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i establish or join a colony.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \IBiol.\i (of plants and animals) become established in (an area).\Ksense 3 'plant voters' omitted Sept 94\k \Bcolonization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bcolonizer\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>colonnade</hw> \K/kQl\F'\n"neId/\k\p\In.\i\p\IArchit\i a row of columns, esp. supporting an entablature or roof. \Bcolonnaded\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French, from \Icolonne\i \J\Xcolumn\x\j\c
<hw>colonoscopy</hw> \K/kQl\F'\n"nQsk\F'\npi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IMed\i an examination of the colon by means of a flexible tube inserted through the anus. \Bcolonoscope\b \K/k\F'\n"lQn\F'\nsk\F'\nUp/\k\p\In.\i\p\Knew f. incomings, corpus Feb 95\k
<hw>colony</hw> \K/"kQl\F'\nni/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \IPolit\i \Ba\b a group of settlers in a new country (whether or not already inhabited) fully or partly subject to the mother country. \Bb\b the settlement or its territory.\p\B2\b \IPeople\i \Ba\b people of one nationality or race or occupation in a city, esp. if living more or less in isolation or in a special quarter. \Bb\b a separate or segregated group \3(nudist colony).\c\p\B3\b \IBiol.\i a community of animals or plants of one kind forming a physically connected structure or living close together. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Icolonia,\i via \Icolonus\i 'farmer' from \Icolere\i 'cultivate'\c
<hw>colophon</hw> \K/"kQl\F'\nf(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPublishing\i\p\B1\b a publisher's device or imprint, esp. on the title-page.\p\B2\b a tailpiece in a manuscript or book, often ornamental, giving the writer's or printer's name, the date, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin from Greek \Ikolophon\i 'summit, finishing touch'\c
<hw>colophony</hw> \K/k\F'\n"lQf\F'\nni/, /"kQl\F'\nf\F'\nUni/\k\p\In.\i\p= \J\Xrosin\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icolophonia\i '(resin) from Colophon' (in Asia Minor)\c
<hw>color</hw> etc. \BUS\b \Ivar. of\i \J\Xcolour\x\j etc.
<hw>Colorado beetle</hw> \K/kQl\F'\n%rA:d\F'\nU "bi:t(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a yellow and black striped beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, the larva of which is highly destructive to the potato plant. \BEtymology:\b \3\IColorado\i in the US\c
<hw>coloration</hw> \K/kVl\F'\n"reIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcolouration)\b\p\B1\b colouring; a scheme or method of applying colour.\p\B2\b \IBot Zool\i the natural (esp. variegated) colour of living things or animals. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icoloration\i or Late Latin \Icoloratio,\i from \Icolorare\i \J\Xcolour\x\j\c
<hw>coloratura</hw> \K/kQl\F'\nr\F'\n"tjU\F'\nr\F'\n/, /-"tU-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMus\i\p\B1\b elaborate ornamentation of a vocal melody.\p\B2\b a singer (esp. a soprano) skilled in coloratura singing. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian, from Latin \Icolorare\i \J\Xcolour\x\j\c
<hw>colorific</hw> \K/kVl\F'\n"rIfIk/, /kQl-/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b producing colour.\p\B2\b highly coloured. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icolorifique\i or modern Latin \Icolorificus\i (as \J\Xcolour\x)\j\c
<hw>colorimeter</hw> \K/kVl\F'\n"rImIt\F'\n/, /kQl-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i an instrument for measuring the intensity of colour. \Bcolorimetric\b \K/-"mEtrIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Bcolorimetry\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icolor\i \J\Xcolour\x\j + \J\X-meter\x\j\c
<hw>colossal</hw> \K/k\F'\n"lQs(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of immense size; huge, gigantic.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i remarkable, splendid.\p\B3\b \IArchit.\i (of an order) having more than one storey of columns.\p\B4\b \ISculpture\i (of a statue) about twice life size. \Bcolossally\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French, from \Icolosse\i \J\Xcolossus\x\j\c
<hw>colosseum</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xcoliseum\x.\j
<hw>colossus</hw> \K/k\F'\n"lQs\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bcolossi\b \K/-sVI/\k or \Bcolossuses)\b\p\B1\b \ISculpture\i a statue much bigger than life size.\p\B2\b a gigantic person, animal, building, etc.\p\B3\b \IPolit\i an imperial power personified. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin from Greek \Ikolossos\i\c
<hw>colostomy</hw> \K/k\F'\n"lQst\F'\nmi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \ISurgery\i an operation in which the colon is shortened to remove a damaged part and the cut end diverted to an opening in the abdominal wall. \BEtymology:\b \3as \J\Xcolon\x (2)\j + Greek \Istoma\i 'mouth'\c
<hw>colostrum</hw> \K/k\F'\n"lQstr\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiochem\i the first secretion from the mammary glands occurring after giving birth, rich in antibodies. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin\c
<hw>colotomy</hw> \K/k\F'\n"lQt\F'\nmi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \ISurgery\i an incision in the colon. \BEtymology:\b \3as \J\Xcolon\x (2)\j + \J\X-tomy\x\j\c
<hw>colour</hw> \K/"kVl\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Bcolor)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b the sensation produced on the eye by rays of light when resolved as by a prism, selective reflection, etc., into different wavelengths. \Bb\b perception of colour; a system of colours.\p\B2\b one, or any mixture, of the constituents into which light can be separated as in a spectrum or rainbow, sometimes including (loosely) black and white.\p\B3\b a colouring substance, esp. paint.\p\B4\b \IPhotog Telev\i the use of all colours, not only black and white, as in photography and television.\p\B5\b \Ba\b pigmentation of the skin, esp. when dark. \Bb\b this as a ground for prejudice or discrimination.\p\B6\b ruddiness of complexion \3(a healthy colour).\c\p\B7\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i appearance or aspect \3(see things in their true colours).\c\p\B8\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \Ba\b \BBrit.\b a coloured ribbon or uniform etc. worn to signify membership of a school, club, team, etc. \Bb\b \IMil Naut\i the flag of a regiment or ship. \Bc\b \IPolit\i a national flag.\p\B9\b quality, mood, or variety in music, literature, speech, etc.; distinctive character or timbre.\p\B10\b a show of reason; a pretext \3(lend colour to;\c \2under colour of).\c\p\B11\b \IPhysics\i a quantum number assigned to quarks and gluons in the theory of quantum chromodynamics.\Ksense 11 new f. JHM Apr 94\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i apply colour to, esp. by painting or dyeing or with coloured pens or pencils.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i influence \3(an attitude coloured by experience).\c\p\B3\b \Itr.\i misrepresent, exaggerate, esp. with spurious detail \3(a highly coloured account).\c\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i take on colour; blush.\p\1show one's true colours\c reveal one's true character or intentions.\p\1under false colours\c falsely, deceitfully.\p\1with flying colours\c \Isee\i \J\Xflying\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icolor,\i \Icolorer\i from Latin \Icolor,\i \Icolorare\i\c
<hw>colour bar</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i the denial of services and facilities to non-white people.
<hw>colour-blind</hw> \Iadj.\i \IMed\i unable to distinguish certain colours. \Bcolour-blindness\b\p\In.\i\p\Kcolour-blindness subsumed Aug 92 aaw\k
<hw>colour code</hw> \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\pthe use of colours as a standard means of identification. \Iv.tr.\i \B(colour-code)\b identify by means of a colour code.\K-code subsumed in COD9 Mar 93\k
<hw>coloured</hw> \K/"kVl\F'\nd/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \B(US\b \Bcolored)\b \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b having colour.\p\B2\b (often \BColoured)\b \IPeople\i \Ioften offens.\i \Ba\b wholly or partly of non-white descent. \Bb\b \BS.Afr.\b of mixed white and non-white descent. \Bc\b of or relating to coloured people \3(a coloured audience).\c\p\In.\i\p\B1\b (often \BColoured)\b \IPeople\i \Ioften offens.\i \Ba\b a coloured person. \Bb\b \BS.Afr.\b a person of mixed descent speaking Afrikaans or English as the mother tongue.\p\B2\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i coloured clothing etc. for washing.\K2 new in COD9 f. PDO Aug 93\k The use of \Icoloured\i to refer to people of racial groups not considered white is regarded as offensive by many people and should be avoided by using black, Asian, etc., as appropriate.
<hw>colour fast</hw> \Iadj.\i dyed in colours that will not fade or be washed out. \Bcolour fastness\b\p\In.\i\p\Kcolour fastness subsumed Aug 92 aaw\k
<hw>colourful</hw> \K/"kVl\F'\nfUl/, /-f(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \B(US\b \Bcolorful)\b\p\B1\b having much or varied colour; bright.\p\B2\b full of interest; vivid, lively. \Bcolourfully\b \Iadv.\i \Bcolourfulness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>colouring</hw> \K/"kVl\F'\nrIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Bcoloring)\b\p\B1\b the process of or skill in using colour.\p\B2\b the style in which a thing is coloured, or in which an artist uses colour.\p\B3\b facial complexion.
<hw>colourist</hw> \K/"kVl\F'\nrIst/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Bcolorist)\b \IArt\i a person who uses colour, esp. in art.
<hw>colourless</hw> \K/"kVl\F'\nlIs/\k \Iadj.\i \B(US\b \Bcolorless)\b\p\B1\b without colour.\p\B2\b lacking character or interest.\p\B3\b dull or pale in hue.\p\B4\b neutral, impartial, indifferent. \Bcolourlessly\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>colour scheme</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IArchit\i an arrangement or planned combination of colours esp. in interior design.
<hw>colour-sergeant</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i the senior sergeant of an infantry company.
<hw>colour supplement</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IJournalism\i a magazine with coloured illustrations, issued as a supplement to a newspaper.
<hw>colour temperature</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAstron.\i & \IPhysics\i the temperature at which a black body would emit radiation of the same colour as a given object.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k
<hw>colour wash</hw> \In. & v.\i \IBuilding\i\p\In.\i\pcoloured distemper. \Iv.tr.\i \B(colour-wash)\b paint with coloured distemper.\K-wash subsumed in COD9 Mar 93\k
<hw>colourway</hw> \K/"kVl\F'\nweI/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Bcolorway)\b a coordinated combination of colours.\Knew f. SOED Aug 93\k
<hw>coloury</hw> \K/"kVl\F'\nri/\k \Iadj.\i \B(US\b \Bcolory)\b having a distinctive colour, esp. as indicating good quality.
<hw>colposcopy</hw> \K/kQl"pQsk\F'\npi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i examination of the vagina and the neck of the womb. \Bcolposcope\b \K/"kQlp\F'\n%sk\F'\nUp/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ikolpos\i 'womb' + \J\X-scopy\x\j\c
<hw>colt</hw> \K/k\F'\nUlt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool\i a young uncastrated male horse, usu. less than four years old.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b \ISport\i a young or inexperienced player; a member of a junior team. \Bcolthood\b\p\In.\i\p\Bcoltish\b \Iadj.\i \Bcoltishly\b \Iadv.\i \Bcoltishness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English, = young ass or camel\c
<hw>coltsfoot</hw> \K/"k\F'\nUltsfUt/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bcoltsfoots)\b \IBot\i a plant of the daisy family, Tussilago farfara, with large leaves and yellow flowers.
<hw>colubrid</hw> \K/"kQljUbrId/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IZool.\i \Iadj.\i of or relating to the large family Colubridae to which most non-venomous snakes belong.\p\In.\i\pa snake of this family. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icoluber\i 'snake' + \J\X-id\x (3)\j\c\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k
<hw>colubrine</hw> \K/"kQljUbrVIn/\k \Iadj.\i \IZool\i\p\B1\b of the subfamily Colubrinae of colubrid snakes with solid teeth.\p\B2\b snakelike. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icolubrinus\i from \Icoluber\i 'snake'\c
<hw>colugo</hw> \K/k\F'\n"lu:g\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b \IZool\i a flying lemur. \BEtymology:\b \318th c.: origin unknown\c\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k
<hw>columbarium</hw> \K/kQl(\F'\n)m"bE:rI\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\pa room or building with niches and shelves for cinerary urns to be stored.\Knew in COD9 f. COD7, NSOED Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = pigeon house (from \Icolumba\i 'pigeon')\c
<hw>Columbine</hw> \K/"kQl(\F'\n)mbVIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITheatr\i the partner of Harlequin in pantomime. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IColombine\i from Italian \IColombina,\i from \Icolombino\i 'dovelike'\c
<hw>columbine</hw> \K/"kQl(\F'\n)mbVIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i an aquilegia, esp. Aquilegia vulgaris, which has purple-blue flowers. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icolombine\i and medieval Latin \Icolombina herba\i 'dovelike plant' from Latin \Icolumba\i 'dove' (from the supposed resemblance of the flower to a cluster of 5 doves)\c
<hw>columbite</hw> \K/k\F'\n"lVmbVIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i an ore of niobium containing iron and magnesium. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \IColumbia,\i a poetic name for America, + \J\X-ite\x (1)\j\c
<hw>columbium</hw> \K/k\F'\n"lVmbI\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\Besp. N. Amer.\b \IMetallurgy\i = \J\Xniobium\x.\j
<hw>column</hw> \K/"kQl\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IArchit.\i an upright cylindrical pillar often slightly tapering and usu. supporting an entablature or arch, or standing alone as a monument.\p\B2\b a structure or part shaped like a column.\p\B3\b a vertical cylindrical mass of liquid or vapour.\p\B4\b \Ba\b a vertical division of a page, chart, etc., containing a sequence of figures or words. \Bb\b the figures or words themselves.\p\B5\b \IJournalism\i a part of a newspaper regularly devoted to a particular subject \3(gossip column).\c\p\B6\b \Ba\b \IMil.\i an arrangement of troops in successive lines, deep from front to rear but of narrow width. \Bb\b \INaut.\i a similar arrangement of ships.\p\1dodge the column\c \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i shirk one's duty; avoid work. \Bcolumnar\b \K/k\F'\n"lVmn\F'\n/\k \Iadj.\i \Bcolumned\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Icolumpne,\i Latin \Icolumna\i 'pillar'\c
<hw>column-inch</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IJournalism\i a quantity of print (esp. newsprint) occupying a one-inch length of a column.
<hw>columnist</hw> \K/"kQl(\F'\n)m(n)Ist/\k\p\In.\i\p\IJournalism\i a journalist contributing regularly to a newspaper.
<hw>colure</hw> \K/k\F'\n"ljU\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAstron.\i either of two great circles intersecting at right angles at the celestial poles and passing through the ecliptic at either the equinoxes or the solstices. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Late Latin \Icolurus\i from Greek \Ikolouros\i 'truncated', so called because the lower part is cut off from view\c
<hw>colza</hw> \K/"kQlz\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i = \J\Xrape\x (2).\j \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ikolza(t)\i from Low German \Ikolsat\i (as \J\Xcole\x,\j \J\Xseed\x)\j\c
<hw>COM</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IComputing\i computer output on microfilm or microfiche.
<hw>com-</hw> \K/kQm/, /k\F'\nm/\k \Iprefix\i (also \Bco-,\b \Bcol-,\b \Bcon-,\b \Bcor-)\b with, together, jointly, altogether. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icom-,\i \Icum\i 'with'\c \ICom-\i is used before \Ib,\i \Im,\i \Ip,\i and occasionally before vowels and \If;\i \Ico-\i esp. before vowels, \Ih,\i and \Ign;\i \Icol-\i before \Il,\i \Icor-\i before \Ir,\i and \Icon-\i before other consonants.
<hw>coma (1)</hw> \K/"k\F'\nUm\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bcomas)\b \IMed\i a prolonged deep unconsciousness, caused esp. by severe injury or excessive use of drugs. \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin from Greek \Ikoma\i 'deep sleep'\c
<hw>coma (2)</hw> \K/"k\F'\nUm\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bcomae\b \K/-mi:/\k)\p\B1\b \IAstron.\i a cloud of gas and dust surrounding the nucleus of a comet.\p\B2\b \IBot.\i \IAnat\i a tuft of silky hairs at the end of some seeds. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin from Greek \Ikome\i 'hair of head'\c
<hw>comatose</hw> \K/"k\F'\nUm\F'\nt\F'\nUs/, /-z/\k \Iadj.\i \IMed\i\p\B1\b in a coma.\p\B2\b drowsy, sleepy, lethargic.
<hw>comb</hw> \K/k\F'\nUm/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IHairdressing\i a toothed strip of rigid material for tidying and arranging the hair, or for keeping it in place.\p\B2\b \IMech\i a part of a machine having a similar design or purpose.\p\B3\b \IZool\i \Ba\b the red fleshy crest of a fowl, esp. a cock. \Bb\b an analogous growth in other birds.\p\B4\b \IZool\i a honeycomb. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \IHairdressing\i arrange or tidy (the hair) by drawing a comb through.\p\B2\b \IRiding\i curry (a horse).\p\B3\b \ITextiles\i dress (wool or flax) with a comb.\p\B4\b search (a place) thoroughly.\p\Bcomb out\b\p\B1\b \IHairdressing\i tidy and arrange (the hair) loosely by combing.\p\B2\b remove with a comb.\p\B3\b search or attack systematically.\p\B4\b search out and get rid of (anything unwanted). \Bcombed\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Icamb,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>combat</hw> \K/"kQmbat/, /"kV-/, /-\F'\nt/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\pa fight, struggle, or contest.\p\Iv.\i\p\B(combated,\b \Bcombating)\b\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i engage in combat.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i engage in combat with.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i oppose; strive against. \BEtymology:\b \3French, from \Icombattre\i from Late Latin (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j Latin \Ibatuere\i 'fight')\c
<hw>combatant</hw> \K/"kQmb\F'\nt(\F'\n)nt/, /"kVm-/\k \In. & adj.\i \IMil\i\p\In.\i\pa person engaged in fighting. \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b fighting.\p\B2\b for fighting.
<hw>combat dress</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i a soldier's uniform worn for combat and field training, usu. of olive-green, camouflage, or khaki fabric.\Knew f. corpus, consultant Sept 94\k
<hw>combat fatigue</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i\p\B1\b mental disorder caused by stress in wartime combat.\p\B2\b \Isee\i \J\Xfatigue\x\p\In.\i\p5.\j\K2 new f. corpus, incomings Sept 94\k
<hw>combative</hw> \K/"kQmb\F'\ntIv/, /"kVm-/\k \Iadj.\i ready or eager to fight; pugnacious. \Bcombatively\b \Iadv.\i \Bcombativeness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>combe</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xcoomb\x.\j
<hw>comber (1)</hw> \K/"k\F'\nUm\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ITextiles\i a person or thing that combs, esp. a machine for combing cotton or wool very fine.\p\B2\b \ISurfing\i a long curling wave; a breaker.
<hw>comber (2)</hw> \K/"kQmb\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IZool\i a fish of the perch family, Serranus cabrilla. \BEtymology:\b \318th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>combi</hw> \K/"kQmbi/\k\p\In.\i\pa machine, appliance, etc. with a combined function or mode of action \I(often \Battrib.:\b\i \2combi oven).\c\Knew f. Incs, corpus Oct 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation of \J\Xcombination\x\j\c
<hw>combination</hw> \K/kQmbI"neIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or an instance of combining; the process of being combined.\p\B2\b a combined state \3(in combination with).\c\p\B3\b a combined set of things or people.\p\B4\b a sequence of numbers or letters used to open a combination lock.\p\B5\b \ITransport\i \BBrit.\b a motorcycle with sidecar attached.\p\B6\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \IClothing\i a single undergarment for the body and legs.\p\B7\b \IMath\i a group of things chosen from a larger number without regard to their arrangement.\p\B8\b \Ba\b united action. \Bb\b \IChess\i a coordinated and effective sequence of moves.\p\B9\b \IChem.\i a union of substances in a compound with new properties. \Bcombinational\b \Iadj.\i \Bcombinative\b \K/"kQmbIn\F'\ntIv/\k \Iadj.\i \Bcombinatory\b \K/"kQmbIn\F'\nt(\F'\n)ri/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3obsolete French \Icombination\i or Late Latin \Icombinatio\i (as \J\Xcombine\x)\j\c
<hw>combination lock</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMech\i a lock that can be opened only by a specific sequence of movements.
<hw>combination oven</hw>\p\In.\i\pan oven operating by both conventional heating and microwaves.\Knew f. Incs Oct 94\k
<hw>combinatorial</hw> \K/%kQmbIn\F'\n"tO:rI\F'\nl/\k \Iadj.\i \IMath.\i relating to combinations of items.
<hw>combine</hw> \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\K/k\F'\nm"bVIn/\k\p\B1\b \Itr. & intr.\i join together; unite for a common purpose.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i possess (esp. disparate qualities) in combination \3(combines charm and authority).\c\p\B3\b \IChem\i \Ba\b \Iintr.\i coalesce in one substance. \Bb\b \Itr.\i cause to do this. \Bc\b \Iintr.\i form a chemical compound.\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i cooperate.\p\B5\b \K/"kQmbVIn/\k \Itr.\i \IAgriculture\i harvest (crops etc.) by means of a combine harvester.\p\In.\i\p\K/"kQmbVIn/\k\p\B1\b \ICommerce\i a combination of esp. commercial interests to control prices etc.\p\B2\b \IAgriculture\i = \J\Xcombine harvester\x.\j\K2 new in COD9 f. NSOED Aug 93\k \Bcombinable\b \K/k\F'\nm"bVIn\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Icombiner\i or Late Latin \Icombinare\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j Latin \Ibini\i 'two')\c
<hw>combine harvester</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAgriculture\i a mobile machine that reaps and threshes in one operation.
<hw>combing</hw> \K/"k\F'\nUmIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b in senses of \J\Xcomb\x\p\Iv.\i\p\j\p\B2\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i hairs combed off.
<hw>combing wool</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ITextiles\i long-stapled wool, suitable for combing and making into worsted.
<hw>combining form</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IGram.\i a form of a word used (only) in compounds in combination with another element to form a word (e.g. \IAnglo-\i = English in \IAnglo-Irish,\i \Ibio-\i = life in \Ibiology,\i \I-graphy\i = writing in \Ibiography).\i In this dictionary, \Icombining form\i is used of an element that contributes to the particular sense of words (as with both elements of \Ibiography),\i as distinct from a prefix or suffix that adjusts the sense of or determines the function of words (as with \Iun-,\i \I-able,\i and \I-ation).\i
<hw>comb-jelly</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a ctenophore.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k
<hw>combo</hw> \K/"kQmb\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b \IMus\i \Islang\i\p\B1\b a small jazz or dance band.\p\B2\b a combination; a combined unit.\Ksense 2 new f. Incs Oct 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation of \J\Xcombination\x\j + \J\X-o\x\j\c
<hw>combs</hw> \K/kQmz/\k \In.pl.\i \IClothing\i \Icolloq.\i combinations (see \J\Xcombination\x 6).\j
<hw>combust</hw> \K/k\F'\nm"bVst/\k \Iv.tr.\i subject to combustion. \BEtymology:\b \3obsolete \Icombust\i \I(adj.)\i from Latin \Icombustus\i past part. (as \J\Xcombustion\x)\j\c
<hw>combustible</hw> \K/k\F'\nm"bVstIb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b capable of or used for burning.\p\B2\b excitable; easily irritated.\p\In.\i\pa combustible substance. \Bcombustibility\b \K/-"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Icombustible\i or medieval Latin \Icombustibilis\i (as \J\Xcombustion\x)\j\c
<hw>combustion</hw> \K/k\F'\nm"bVstS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b burning; consumption by fire.\p\B2\b \IChem.\i the development of light and heat from the chemical combination of a substance with oxygen. \Bcombustive\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via French \Icombustion\i or Late Latin \Icombustio\i from Latin \Icomburere combust-\i 'burn up'\c
<hw>combustion chamber</hw>\p\In.\i\pa space in which combustion takes place, e.g. of gases in a boiler-furnace or fuel in an internal-combustion engine.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k
<hw>come</hw> \K/kVm/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.intr.\i \I(past\i \Bcame\b \K/keIm/\k; \Ipast part.\i \Bcome)\b\p\B1\b move, be brought towards, or reach a place thought of as near or familiar to the speaker or hearer \3(come and see me;\c \2shall we come to your house?;\c \2the books have come).\c\p\B2\b reach or be brought to a specified situation or result \3(you'll come to no harm;\c \2have come to believe it;\c \2has come to be used wrongly;\c \2came into prominence).\c\p\B3\b reach or extend to a specified point \3(the road comes within a mile of us).\c\p\B4\b traverse or progress \I(with compl.:\i \2have come a long way).\c\p\B5\b \Ba\b get to be in a certain condition \3(how did you come to break your leg?).\c \Bb\b (of time) arrive in due course \3(the day soon came).\c\p\B6\b take or occupy a specified position \3(it comes on the third page;\c \2came second in the race;\c \2Nero came after Claudius;\c \2it does not come within the scope of the inquiry).\c\p\B7\b become perceptible or known \3(the church came into sight;\c \2the news comes as a surprise;\c \2it will come to me).\c\p\B8\b be available \3(the dress comes in three sizes;\c \2this model comes with optional features).\c\p\B9\b become \I(with compl.:\i \2the handle has come loose;\c \2won't come clean).\c\p\B10\b \I(foll. by \Bof,\b \Bfrom)\b\i \Ba\b be descended from \3(comes of a rich family).\c \Bb\b be the result of \3(that comes from complaining).\c\p\B11\b \I(foll. by \Bfrom)\b\i \Ba\b originate in; have as its source. \Bb\b have as one's home.\K11 new in COD9 f. corpus, COD box Aug 93\k\p\B12\b \Icolloq.\i play the part of; behave like \I(with compl.:\i \2don't come the bully with me).\c\p\B13\b \ISex\i \Islang\i have a sexual orgasm.\p\B14\b \I(in \Bsubjunctive)\b\i \Icolloq.\i when a specified time is reached \3(come next month).\c\p\B15\b (also \Bcome, come!)\b \I(as \Bint.)\b\i expressing caution or reserve \3(come, it cannot be that bad).\c\p\In.\i\p\ISex\i \Islang\i semen ejaculated at a sexual orgasm.\p\1as ... as they come\c typically or supremely so \3(is as tough as they come).\c\p\Bcome about\b happen; take place.\p\Bcome across\b\p\B1\b meet or find by chance \3(came across an old jacket).\c\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i be effective or understood; give a specified impression.\p\B3\b \I(foll. by \Bwith)\b\i \Islang\i hand over what is wanted.\p\Bcome again\b \Icolloq.\i\p\B1\b make a further effort.\p\B2\b \I(as \Bimper.)\b\i what did you say?\p\Bcome along\b\p\B1\b make progress; move forward.\p\B2\b \I(as \Bimper.)\b\i hurry up.\p\1come and go\c\p\B1\b pass to and fro; be transitory.\p\B2\b pay brief visits.\p\Bcome apart\b fall or break into pieces; disintegrate.\p\Bcome at\b\p\B1\b reach, discover; get access to.\p\B2\b attack \3(came at me with a knife).\c\p\Bcome away\b\p\B1\b become detached or broken off \3(came away in my hands).\c\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bwith)\b\i be left with (a feeling, impression, etc.) \3(came away with many misgivings).\c\p\Bcome back\b\p\B1\b return.\p\B2\b recur to one's memory.\p\B3\b become fashionable or popular again.\p\B4\b \BN. Amer.\b reply, retort.\p\Bcome before\b be dealt with by (a judge etc.).\p\Bcome between\b\p\B1\b interfere with the relationship of.\p\B2\b separate; prevent contact between.\p\Bcome by\b\p\B1\b pass; go past.\p\B2\b call on a visit \3(why not come by tomorrow?).\c\p\B3\b acquire, obtain \3(came by a new bicycle).\c\p\1come clean\c \Isee\i \J\Xclean\x.\j\p\Bcome down\b\p\B1\b come to a place or position regarded as lower.\p\B2\b lose position or wealth \3(has come down in the world).\c\p\B3\b be handed down by tradition or inheritance.\p\B4\b be reduced; show a downward trend \3(prices are coming down).\c\p\B5\b \I(foll. by \Bagainst,\b \Bin favour of,\b etc.)\i reach a decision or recommendation \3(the report came down against change).\c\p\B6\b \I(foll. by \Bto)\b\i signify or betoken basically; be dependent on (a factor) \3(it comes down to who is willing to go).\c\p\B7\b \I(foll. by \Bon)\b\i criticize harshly; rebuke, punish.\p\B8\b \I(foll. by \Bwith)\b\i begin to suffer from (a disease).\p\Bcome for\b\p\B1\b come to collect or receive.\p\B2\b attack \3(came for me with a hammer).\c\p\Bcome forward\b\p\B1\b advance.\p\B2\b offer oneself for a task, post, etc.\p\Bcome in\b\p\B1\b enter a house or room.\p\B2\b take a specified position in a race etc. \3(came in third).\c\p\B3\b become fashionable or seasonable.\p\B4\b \Ba\b have a useful role or function. \Bb\b \I(with compl.)\i prove to be \3(came in very handy).\c \Bc\b have a part to play \3(where do I come in?).\c\p\B5\b be received \3(more news has just come in).\c\p\B6\b \IRadio\i begin speaking, esp. in radio transmission.\p\B7\b be elected; come to power.\p\B8\b \ICricket\i begin an innings.\p\B9\b \I(foll. by \Bfor)\b\i receive; be the object of (usu. something unwelcome) \3(came in for much criticism).\c\p\B10\b \I(foll. by \Bon)\b\i join (an enterprise etc.).\p\B11\b (of a tide) turn to high tide.\p\B12\b \ITransport\i (of a train, ship, or aircraft) approach its destination.\p\B13\b return to base \3(come in, number 9).\c\K13 new in COD9 f. POD Aug 93\k\p\Bcome into\b\p\B1\b \Isee\i senses 2, 7 of\p\Iv.\i\p\B2\b receive, esp. as heir.\p\1come near\c \Isee\i \J\Xnear\x.\j\p\1come of age\c \Isee\i \J\Xage\x.\j\p\Bcome off\b\p\B1\b \Icolloq.\i (of an action) succeed; be accomplished.\p\B2\b \I(with compl.)\i fare; turn out \3(came off badly;\c \2came off the winner).\c\p\B3\b \BBrit.\b \Icoarse slang\i have a sexual orgasm.\p\B4\b be detached or detachable (from).\p\B5\b \BBrit.\b fall (from).\p\B6\b be reduced or subtracted from \3(ú5 came off the price).\c\p\1come off it\c \I(as \Bimper.)\b\i \Icolloq.\i an expression of disbelief or refusal to accept another's opinion, behaviour, etc.\p\Bcome on\b\p\B1\b continue to come.\p\B2\b advance, esp. to attack.\p\B3\b make progress; thrive \3(is really coming on).\c\p\B4\b \I(foll. by \Bto\b + infin.)\i \BBrit.\b begin \3(it came on to rain).\c\p\B5\b appear on the stage, field of play, etc.\p\B6\b be heard or seen on television, on the telephone, etc.\p\B7\b arise to be discussed.\p\B8\b \I(as \Bimper.)\b\i expressing encouragement.\p\B9\b = \Icome upon.\i\p\Bcome out\b\p\B1\b emerge; become known \3(it came out that he had left).\c\p\B2\b appear or be published \3(comes out every Saturday).\c\p\B3\b \Ba\b declare oneself as being for or against something; make a decision \3(came out in favour of joining).\c \Bb\b openly declare something (esp. that one is a homosexual).\p\B4\b \BBrit.\b go on strike.\p\B5\b \IPhotog\i \Ba\b be satisfactorily visible in a photograph etc., or present in a specified way \3(the dog didn't come out;\c \2he came out badly).\c \Bb\b (of a photograph) be produced satisfactorily or in a specified way \3(only three have come out;\c \2they all came out well).\c\p\B6\b attain a specified result in an examination etc.\p\B7\b (of a stain etc.) be removed.\p\B8\b make one's debut in society.\Kmake one's debut on stage omitted f. COD9 Aug 93\k\p\B9\b \I(foll. by \Bin)\b\i be covered with \3(came out in spots).\c\p\B10\b (of a problem) be solved.\p\B11\b \I(foll. by \Bwith)\b\i declare openly; disclose.\p\Bcome over\b\p\B1\b come from some distance or nearer to the speaker \3(came over from Paris;\c \2come over here a moment).\c\p\B2\b change sides or one's opinion.\p\B3\b \Ba\b (of a feeling etc.) overtake or affect (a person). \Bb\b \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i feel suddenly \3(came over faint).\c\p\B4\b appear or sound in a specified way \3(you came over very well;\c \2the ideas came over clearly).\c\Ksense 5 affect or influence omitted as same as 3a oct 94\k\p\Bcome round\b (or \BUS\b also \Baround)\b\p\B1\b pay an informal visit.\p\B2\b recover consciousness.\p\B3\b be converted to another person's opinion.\p\B4\b (of a date or regular occurrence) recur; be imminent again.\p\Bcome through\b\p\B1\b be successful; survive.\p\B2\b be received by telephone.\p\B3\b survive or overcome (a difficulty) \3(came through the ordeal).\c\p\Bcome to\b\p\B1\b \I(also \Brefl.)\b\i recover consciousness.\p\B2\b \INaut.\i bring a vessel to a stop.\p\B3\b reach in total; amount to.\p\B4\b \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i stop being foolish.\p\B5\b have as a destiny; reach \3(what is the world coming to?).\c\p\1come to hand\c become available; be recovered.\p\1come to light\c \Isee\i \J\Xlight\x (1).\j\p\1come to nothing\c have no useful result in the end; fail.\p\1come to pass\c happen, occur.\p\1come to rest\c cease moving.\p\1come to one's senses\c \Isee\i \J\Xsense\x.\j\p\1come to that\c \Icolloq.\i in fact; if that is the case.\p\Bcome under\b\p\B1\b be classified as or among.\p\B2\b be subject to (influence or authority).\p\Bcome up\b\p\B1\b come to a place or position regarded as higher.\p\B2\b attain wealth or position \3(come up in the world).\c\p\B3\b \Ba\b (of an issue, problem, etc.) arise; present itself; be mentioned or discussed. \Bb\b (of an event etc.) occur, happen \3(coming up next on BBC1).\c\K3b new in COD9 f. COD box Aug 93\k\p\B4\b \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i \Ba\b approach a person, esp. to talk. \Bb\b \I\B(US\b also often foll. by \Bon)\b\i approach or draw near to a specified time, event, etc. \3(is coming up to eight o'clock).\c\p\B5\b \I(foll. by \Bto)\b\i match (a standard etc.).\p\B6\b \I(foll. by \Bwith)\b\i produce (an idea etc.), esp. in response to a challenge.\p\B7\b (of a plant etc.) spring up out of the ground.\p\B8\b become brighter (e.g. with polishing); shine more brightly.\p\1come up against\c be faced with or opposed by.\p\Bcome upon\b\p\B1\b meet or find by chance.\p\B2\b attack by surprise.\p\1come what may\c no matter what happens.\p\1have it coming to one\c \Icolloq.\i be about to get one's deserts.\p\1how come?\c \Icolloq.\i how did that happen?\p\1if it comes to that\c in that case.\p\1to come\c future; in the future \3(the year to come;\c \2many problems were still to come).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Icuman\i from Germanic\c
<hw>comeback</hw> \K/"kVmbak/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a return to a previous (esp. successful) state.\p\B2\b \Islang\i a retaliation or retort.\p\B3\b \BAustral.\b \IAgriculture\i a sheep bred from cross-bred and pure-bred parents for both wool and meat.
<hw>Comecon</hw> \K/"kQmIkQn/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce Polit\i \Ihist.\i an economic association of East European countries. \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation of \ICouncil for Mutual Economic Assistance\i\c
<hw>comedian</hw> \K/k\F'\n"mi:dI\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITheatr\i\p\B1\b a humorous entertainer on stage, television, etc.\p\B2\b an actor in comedy.\p\B3\b \Islang\i a buffoon; a foolish person.\K3 new in COD9 f. POD Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3French \IcomΘdien\i from \IcomΘdie\i \J\Xcomedy\x\j\c
<hw>comedist</hw> \K/"kQm\F'\ndIst/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITheatr\i a writer of comedies.
<hw>comedo</hw> \K/"kQmId\F'\nU/, /k\F'\n"mi:d\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bcomedones\b \K/-"d\F'\nUni:z/\k) \IMed.\i a blackhead. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = glutton, from \Icomedere\i 'eat up' (a name formerly given to parasitic worms, with reference to the wormlike matter which can be squeezed from a blackhead)\c
<hw>comedown</hw> \K/"kVmdaUn/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a loss of status; decline or degradation.\p\B2\b a disappointment.
<hw>comedy</hw> \K/"kQmIdi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \ITheatr\i \Ba\b a play, film, etc., of an amusing or satirical character, usu. with a happy ending. \Bb\b the dramatic genre consisting of works of this kind \3(she excels in comedy)\c \I(cf.\i \J\Xtragedy\x 3).\j\p\B2\b an amusing or farcical incident or series of incidents in everyday life.\p\B3\b humour, esp. in a work of art etc. \Bcomedic\b \K/k\F'\n"mi:dIk/, /-"mE-/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icomedie\i and Latin \Icomoedia\i from Greek \Ikomoidia,\i \Ikomoidos\i 'comic poet', via \Ikomos\i 'revel'\c
<hw>comedy of manners</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ITheatr\i satirical portrayal of social behaviour, esp. of the upper classes.
<hw>come-hither</hw> \Iattrib.adj.\i \Icolloq.\i (of a look or manner) enticing, flirtatious.
<hw>comely</hw> \K/"kVmli/\k \Iadj.\i \B(comelier,\b \Bcomeliest)\b (usu. of a woman) pleasant to look at. \Bcomeliness\b \K/"kVmlInIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English \Icumelich,\i \Icumli\i probably from \Ibecumelich,\i from \J\Xbecome\x\j\c
<hw>come-on</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Islang\i a lure or enticement.
<hw>comer</hw> \K/"kVm\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person who comes, esp. as an applicant, participant, etc. \3(offered the job to the first comer).\c\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i a person likely to be a success.
<hw>comestible</hw> \K/k\F'\n"mEstIb(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i \Iformal\i or \Ijoc.\i food. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via French and medieval Latin \Icomestibilis\i from Latin \Icomedere comest-\i 'eat up'\c
<hw>comet</hw> \K/"kQmIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAstron\i a small body of ice and dust moving around the solar system in an eccentric orbit, visible in the night sky with a tail of gas and dust when near the sun (and historically considered a supernatural omen). \Bcometary\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icomete\i and Latin \Icometa\i from Greek \Ikometes\i 'long-haired (star)'\c
<hw>come-uppance</hw> \K/kVm"Vp(\F'\n)ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\Icolloq.\i one's deserved fate or punishment \3(got his come-uppance).\c \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xcome\x\j + \J\Xup\x\j + \J\X-ance\x\j\c
<hw>comfit</hw> \K/"kVmfIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i \Iarchaic\i a sweet consisting of a nut, seed, etc. coated in sugar. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iconfit\i from Latin \Iconfectum,\i past part. of \Iconficere\i 'prepare': see \J\Xconfection\x\j\c
<hw>comfort</hw> \K/"kVmf\F'\nt/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b consolation; relief in affliction.\p\B2\b \Ba\b a state of physical well-being; being comfortable \3(live in comfort).\c \Bb\b \I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i things that make life easy or pleasant \3(has all the comforts).\c\p\B3\b a cause of satisfaction \3(a comfort to me that you are here).\c\p\B4\b a person who consoles or helps one \3(he's a comfort to her in her old age).\c\p\B5\b \BUS\b \Idial.\i a warm quilt. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b soothe in grief; console.\p\B2\b make comfortable \3(comforted by the warmth of the fire).\c \Bcomforting\b \Iadj.\i \Bcomfortingly\b \Iadv.\i\K-ing, -ingly new f. corpus Mar 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iconfort(er)\i from Late Latin \Iconfortare\i 'strengthen' (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j Latin \Ifortis\i 'strong')\c
<hw>comfortable</hw> \K/"kVmf(\F'\n)t\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b ministering to comfort; giving ease \3(a comfortable pair of shoes).\c\p\B2\b free from discomfort; at ease \3(I'm quite comfortable thank you).\c\p\B3\b \Icolloq.\i having an adequate standard of living; free from financial worry.\p\B4\b having an easy conscience \3(did not feel comfortable about refusing him).\c\p\B5\b with a wide margin \3(a comfortable win).\c\p\In.\i\p\BUS\b \Idial.\i a warm quilt. \Bcomfortableness\b\p\In.\i\p\Bcomfortably\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Anglo-French \Iconfortable\i (as \J\Xcomfort\x)\j\c
<hw>comforter</hw> \K/"kVmf\F'\nt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person who comforts.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b a baby's dummy.\p\B3\b \IClothing\i \Iarchaic\i a woollen scarf.\p\B4\b \BN. Amer.\b a warm quilt. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Anglo-French \Iconfortour,\i Old French \Icomfortδor\i (as \J\Xcomfort\x)\j\c
<hw>comfortless</hw> \K/"kVmf\F'\ntlIs/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b dreary, cheerless.\p\B2\b without comfort.
<hw>comfort station</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b \Ieuphem.\i a public lavatory.
<hw>comfrey</hw> \K/"kVmfri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-eys)\b \IBot\i a plant of the genus \ISymphytum\i (borage family), esp. S. officinale, which has large hairy leaves and clusters of usu. white or purple bell-shaped flowers. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Anglo-French \Icumfrie,\i ultimately from Latin \Iconferva\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Ifervere\i 'boil together, heal', referring to the plant's medicinal use)\c
<hw>comic</hw> \K/"kQmIk/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \I(often \Battrib.)\b\i \ITheatr\i of, or in the style of, comedy \3(a comic actor;\c \2comic opera).\c\p\B2\b causing or meant to cause laughter; funny \3(comic to see his struggles).\c\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ITheatr\i a professional comedian.\p\B2\b \IJournalism\i \Ba\b a children's periodical, mainly in the form of comic strips. \Bb\b a similar publication intended for adults. \Bc\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \BUS\b comic strips.\Ksense 2c new f. F. Abate, AHD, Nov 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icomicus\i from Greek \Ikomikos,\i from \Ikomos\i 'revel'\c
<hw>comic opera</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMus\i\p\B1\b an opera with much spoken dialogue, usu. with humorous treatment.\p\B2\b this genre of opera.
<hw>comic strip</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IJournalism\i a horizontal series of drawings in a comic, newspaper, etc. telling a story.
<hw>coming</hw> \K/"kVmIN/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iattrib.adj.\i\p\B1\b approaching, next \3(in the coming week;\c \2this coming Sunday).\c\p\B2\b of potential importance \3(a coming man).\c\p\In.\i\parrival; approach.\p\1coming and going (or comings and goings)\c activity, esp. intense.\p\1not know if one is coming or going\c be confused from being very busy.\Kidioms new in COD9 f. corpus, incomings Aug 93\k
<hw>Comintern</hw> \K/"kQmInt\F'\n:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i the Third International (see \J\Xinternational\x\p\In.\i\p2),\j a communist organization (1919-43). \BEtymology:\b \3Russian \IKomintern\i from the Russian forms of \Icommunist,\i \Iinternational\i\c
<hw>comitadji</hw> \K/kQmI"tadZi/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bkomitadji,\b \Bkomitaji)\b \IMil\i a member of an irregular band of soldiers in the Balkans. \BEtymology:\b \3Turkish \Ikomitaci,\i literally 'member of a (revolutionary) committee'\c
<hw>comity</hw> \K/"kQmIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b courtesy, civility; considerate behaviour towards others.\p\B2\b \IPolit\i \Ba\b an association of nations etc. for mutual benefit. \Bb\b (in full \Bcomity of nations)\b the mutual recognition by nations of the laws and customs of others. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icomitas\i from \Icomis\i 'courteous'\c
<hw>comma</hw> \K/"kQm\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IGram\i a punctuation mark (,) indicating a pause between parts of a sentence, or dividing items in a list, string of figures, etc.\p\B2\b \IMus.\i a definite minute interval or difference of pitch.\p\B3\b \IZool\i (in full \Bcomma butterfly)\b a butterfly, Polygonia c-album, with a white comma-shaped mark on the underside of the hindwing.\Ksense 3 new f. NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Latin from Greek \Ikomma\i 'clause'\c
<hw>comma bacillus</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBiol\i a comma-shaped bacillus causing cholera.
<hw>command</hw> \K/k\F'\n"mA:nd/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bto\b + infin., or \Bthat\b + clause)\i give formal order or instructions to \3(commands us to obey;\c \2commands that it be done).\c\p\B2\b \I(also \Babsol.)\b\i \IMil Naut\i have authority or control over.\p\B3\b \I(often \Brefl.)\b\i restrain, master.\p\B4\b gain the use of; have at one's disposal or within reach (skill, resources, etc.) \3(commands an extensive knowledge of history;\c \2commands a salary of ú40,000).\c\Ksense 3a and b changed to 3 and 4 Oct 94\k\p\B5\b deserve and get (sympathy, respect, etc.).\p\B6\b \IMil.\i dominate (a strategic position) from a superior height; look down over.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an authoritative order; an instruction.\p\B2\b mastery, control, possession \3(a good command of languages;\c \2has command of the resources).\c\p\B3\b \IMil Naut\i the exercise or tenure of authority, esp. naval or military \3(has command of this ship).\c\p\B4\b \IMil.\i \Ba\b a body of troops etc. \3(Bomber Command).\c \Bb\b a district under a commander \3(Western Command).\c\p\B5\b \IComputing\i \Ba\b an instruction causing a computer to perform one of its basic functions. \Bb\b a signal initiating such an operation.\p\1at command\c ready to be used at will.\p\1at (or by) a person's command\c in pursuance of a person's bidding.\p\1in command of\c commanding; having under control.\p\1under command of\c commanded by.\p\1word of command\c\p\B1\b \IMil.\i an order for a movement in a drill etc.\p\B2\b a pre-arranged spoken signal for the start of an operation. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Anglo-French \Icomaunder,\i Old French \Icomander\i from Late Latin \Icommandare\i \J\Xcommend\x\j\c
<hw>commandant</hw> \K/kQm\F'\nn"dant/, /"kQm\F'\nndant/; /-A:nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i a commanding officer, esp. of a particular force, military academy, etc. \Bcommandantship\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Icommandant,\i or Italian or Spanish \Icommandante\i (as \J\Xcommand\x)\j\c
<hw>Commandant-in-Chief</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IMil.\i the supreme commandant.
<hw>command economy</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IEcon\i = \J\Xplanned economy\x.\j\Knew f. OERD May 94\k
<hw>commandeer</hw> \K/kQm\F'\nn"dI\F'\n/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \IMil\i seize (men or goods) for military purposes.\p\B2\b take possession of without authority. \BEtymology:\b \3South African Dutch \Ikommanderen\i from French \Icommander\i \J\Xcommand\x\j\c
<hw>commander</hw> \K/k\F'\n"mA:nd\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person who commands, esp.: \Ba\b \INaut\i a naval officer next in rank below captain. \Bb\b \IAeron\i = \J\Xwing commander\x.\j \Bc\b \ICriminol\i an officer in charge of a London police district.\p\B2\b (in full \Bknight commander)\b a member of a higher class in some orders of knighthood.\p\B3\b \ITools\i a large wooden mallet. \Bcommandership\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icomandere,\i \I-e÷r\i from Romanic (as \J\Xcommand\x)\j\c
<hw>commander-in-chief</hw>\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bcommanders-in-chief)\b \IMil\i the supreme commander, esp. of a nation's forces.
<hw>Commander of the Faithful</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i a title of a caliph.
<hw>commanding</hw> \K/k\F'\n"mA:ndIN/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b dignified, exalted, impressive.\p\B2\b (of a hill or other high point) giving a wide view.\p\B3\b (of an advantage, a position, etc.) controlling; superior \3(has a commanding lead).\c \Bcommandingly\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>commandment</hw> \K/k\F'\n"mA:n(d)m(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i a divine command. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Icomandement\i (as \J\Xcommand\x)\j\c
<hw>command module</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAeron.\i the control compartment in a spacecraft.
<hw>commando</hw> \K/k\F'\n"mA:nd\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b \IMil.\i\p\B1\b (often \BCommando)\b \Ba\b a unit of British amphibious shock troops. \Bb\b a member of such a unit. \Bc\b a similar unit or member of such a unit elsewhere.\p\B2\b \Ba\b a party of men called out for military service. \Bb\b a body of troops.\p\B3\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i of or concerning a commando \3(a commando operation).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Portuguese, from \Icommandar\i \J\Xcommand\x\j\c
<hw>Command Paper</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i (in the UK) a paper laid before Parliament by command of the Crown (in practice, by the Government).
<hw>command performance</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ITheatr\i (in the UK) a theatrical or film performance given by royal command.
<hw>command post</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i the headquarters of a military unit.
<hw>comme ci, comme τa</hw> \K/kQm%si: kQm"sA:/\k \Iadv. & adj.\i so so; middling or middlingly. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = like this, like that\c
\B\Icommedia dell'arte\b\i \K/kQ"meIdI\F'\n dEl"A:teI/, Italian /kOm"me:dia dEl"lartE/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITheatr\i an improvised kind of popular comedy in Italian theatres in the 16th-18th c., based on stock characters. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian, = comedy of art\c
\B\Icomme il faut\b\i \K/%kQm i:l "f\F'\nU/, French /kOm il fo/\k \Iadj. & adv.\i \Ipredic.adj.\i (esp. of behaviour, etiquette, etc.) proper, correct. \Iadv.\i properly, correctly. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = as is necessary\c
<hw>commemorate</hw> \K/k\F'\n"mEm\F'\nreIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b celebrate in speech or writing.\p\B2\b \Ba\b preserve in memory by some celebration. \Bb\b (of a stone, plaque, etc.) be a memorial of. \Bcommemorative\b \K/k\F'\n"mEm(\F'\n)r\F'\ntIv/\k \Iadj.\i \Bcommemorator\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icommemorare\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Imemorare\i 'relate' from \Imemor\i 'mindful')\c
<hw>commemoration</hw> \K/k\F'\nmEm\F'\n"reIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an act of commemorating.\p\B2\b \IRelig\i a service or part of a service in memory of a person, an event, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from French \Icommemoration\i or Latin \Icommemoratio\i (as \J\Xcommemorate\x)\j\c
<hw>commence</hw> \K/k\F'\n"mEns/\k \Iv.tr. & intr.\i \Iformal\i begin. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icom(m)encier\i from Romanic (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j Latin \Iinitiare\i \J\Xinitiate\x)\j\c
<hw>commencement</hw> \K/k\F'\n"mEnsm(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\Iformal\i\p\B1\b a beginning.\p\B2\b \Besp. N. Amer.\b a ceremony of degree conferment. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French (as \J\Xcommence\x)\j\c
<hw>commend</hw> \K/k\F'\n"mEnd/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i entrust, commit \3(commends his soul to God).\c\p\B2\b praise \3(commends her singing voice).\c\p\B3\b \I(often \Brefl.)\b\i recommend \3(idea commends itself;\c \2has much to commend it).\c\p\1commend me to\c \Iarchaic\i remember me kindly to.\p\1highly commended\c (of a competitor etc.) just missing the top places. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Icommendare\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Imendare\i = \Imandare\i 'entrust': see \J\Xmandate\x)\j\c
<hw>commendable</hw> \K/k\F'\n"mEnd\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i praiseworthy. \Bcommendably\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Icommendabilis\i (as \J\Xcommend\x)\j\c
<hw>commendation</hw> \K/kQmEn"deIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an act of commending or recommending (esp. a person to another's favour).\p\B2\b praise. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Icommendatio\i (as \J\Xcommend\x)\j\c
<hw>commensal</hw> \K/k\F'\n"mEns(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IBiol.\i of, relating to, or exhibiting commensalism.\p\B2\b (of a person) eating at the same table as another.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBiol.\i a commensal organism.\p\B2\b a person who eats at the same table as another. \Bcommensality\b \K/kQm\F'\nn"salIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from French \Icommensal\i or medieval Latin \Icommensalis\i (in sense 2) (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Imensa\i 'table')\c
<hw>commensalism</hw> \K/k\F'\n"mEns(\F'\n)lIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiol.\i an association between two organisms in which one benefits and the other derives neither benefit nor harm.
<hw>commensurable</hw> \K/k\F'\n"mEnS(\F'\n)r\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/, /-sj\F'\n-/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bwith,\b \Bto)\b\i measurable by the same standard.\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bto)\b\i proportionate to.\p\B3\b \IMath.\i (of numbers) in a ratio equal to the ratio of integers. \Bcommensurability\b \K/-"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bcommensurably\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Icommensurabilis\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \J\Xmeasure\x)\j\c
<hw>commensurate</hw> \K/k\F'\n"mEnS(\F'\n)r\F'\nt/, /-sj\F'\n-/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bwith)\b\i having the same size, duration, etc.; coextensive.\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Bto,\b \Bwith)\b\i proportionate. \Bcommensurately\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Icommensuratus\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \J\Xmeasure\x)\j\c
<hw>comment</hw> \K/"kQmEnt/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a remark, esp. critical; an opinion \3(passed a comment on her hat).\c \Bb\b commenting; criticism \3(his behaviour aroused much comment;\c \2an hour of news and comment).\c\p\B2\b \Ba\b an explanatory note (e.g. on a written text). \Bb\b written criticism or explanation (e.g. of a text).\p\B3\b (of a play, book, etc.) a critical illustration; a parable \3(his art is a comment on society).\c \Iv.intr.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bon,\b \Bupon,\b or \Bthat\b + clause)\i make (esp. critical) remarks \3(commented on her choice of friends).\c\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Bon,\b \Bupon)\b\i write explanatory notes.\p\1no comment\c \Icolloq.\i I decline to answer your question. \Bcommenter\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Icommentum\i 'contrivance' (in Late Latin also = interpretation), neut. past part. of \Icomminisci\i 'devise', or in later use from French \Icommenter\i \I(v.)\i\c
<hw>commentary</hw> \K/"kQm\F'\nnt(\F'\n)ri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b a set of explanatory or critical notes on a text etc.\p\B2\b \IBroadcasting\i a descriptive spoken account (esp. on radio or television) of an event or a performance as it happens. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icommentarius,\i \I-ium\i \I(adj.\i used as a noun) (as \J\Xcomment\x)\j\c
<hw>commentate</hw> \K/"kQm\F'\nnteIt/\k \Iv.intr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bon)\b\i \IBroadcasting etc.\i act as a commentator. \BEtymology:\b \3back-formation from \J\Xcommentator\x\j\c
<hw>commentator</hw> \K/"kQm\F'\nnteIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBroadcasting\i a person who provides a commentary on an event etc.\p\B2\b the writer of a commentary.\p\B3\b a person who writes or speaks on current events. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin from \Icommentari,\i frequentative of \Icomminisci\i 'devise'\c
<hw>commerce</hw> \K/"kQm\F'\n:s/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ICommerce\i financial transactions, esp. the buying and selling of merchandise, on a large scale.\p\B2\b social intercourse \3(the daily commerce of gossip and opinion).\c\p\B3\b \ISex\i \Iarchaic\i sexual intercourse. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icommerce\i or Latin \Icommercium\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Imercium\i from \Imerx mercis\i 'merchandise')\c
<hw>commercial</hw> \K/k\F'\n"m\F'\n:S(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \ICommerce\i of, engaged in, or concerned with, commerce.\p\B2\b having profit as a primary aim rather than artistic etc. value; philistine.\p\B3\b \IChem\i (of chemicals) supplied in bulk more or less unpurified.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBroadcasting\i a television or radio advertisement.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b \ICommerce\i \Iarchaic\i a commercial traveller. \Bcommerciality\b \K/-SI"alIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bcommercially\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>commercial art</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IArt Commerce\i art used in advertising, selling, etc.
<hw>commercial broadcasting</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBroadcasting\i television or radio broadcasting in which programmes are financed by advertisements.
<hw>commercialism</hw> \K/k\F'\n"m\F'\n:S(\F'\n)lIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the principles and practice of commerce.\p\B2\b (esp. excessive) emphasis on financial profit as a measure of worth.\Knew as hwd Aug 93\k
<hw>commercialize</hw> \K/k\F'\n"m\F'\n:S(\F'\n)lVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b\p\B1\b exploit or spoil for the purpose of gaining profit.\p\B2\b make commercial. \Bcommercialization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>commercial space</hw> \Isee\i \J\Xspace\x\p\In.\i\p6b.\j\Knew as hwd Sept 94\k
<hw>commercial traveller</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ICommerce\i a firm's travelling salesman or saleswoman who visits shops to get orders.
<hw>commercial vehicle</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i a vehicle used for carrying goods or fare-paying passengers.
<hw>commΦre</hw> \K/"kQmE:/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ITheatr\i a female compΦre. \BEtymology:\b \3French, fem. of \J\XcompΦre\x\j\c
<hw>Commie</hw> \K/"kQmi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i \Islang\i \Iderog.\i a Communist. \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation\c
<hw>commination</hw> \K/kQmI"neIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i\p\B1\b the threatening of divine vengeance.\p\B2\b \Ba\b the recital of divine threats against sinners in the Anglican Liturgy for Ash Wednesday. \Bb\b the service that includes this. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Icomminatio,\i from \Icomminari\i 'threaten'\c
<hw>comminute</hw> \K/"kQmInju:t/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b reduce to small fragments.\p\B2\b divide (property) into small portions. \Bcomminution\b \K/-"nju:S(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icomminuere comminut-\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Iminuere\i 'lessen')\c
<hw>comminuted fracture</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a fracture producing multiple bone splinters.
<hw>commis</hw> \K/"kQmi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i same \K/"kQmi/, /"kQmIz/\k) a junior chef or \BBrit.\b waiter. \BEtymology:\b \3originally = deputy, clerk, from French, past part. of \Icommettre\i 'entrust' (as \J\Xcommit\x)\j\c
<hw>commiserate</hw> \K/k\F'\n"mIz\F'\nreIt/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bwith)\b\i express or feel pity.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \Iarchaic\i express or feel pity for \3(commiserate you on your loss).\c \Bcommiseration\b \K/-"reIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bcommiserative\b \K/-r\F'\ntIv/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icommiserari\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Imiserari\i 'pity' from \Imiser\i 'wretched')\c
<hw>commissar</hw> \K/kQmI"sA:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i \Ihist.\i\p\B1\b an official of the Soviet Communist Party responsible for political education and organization.\p\B2\b the head of a government department in the USSR before 1946. \BEtymology:\b \3Russian \Ikomissar\i from French \Icommissaire\i (as \J\Xcommissary\x)\j\c
<hw>commissariat</hw> \K/kQmI"sE:rI\F'\nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Iesp. Mil.\i \Ba\b a department for the supply of food etc. \Bb\b the food supplied.\p\B2\b \IPolit\i \Ihist.\i a government department of the USSR before 1946. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icommissariat\i and medieval Latin \Icommissariatus\i (as \J\Xcommissary\x)\j\c
<hw>commissary</hw> \K/"kQmIs(\F'\n)ri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b a deputy or delegate.\p\B2\b \IRelig\i a representative or deputy of a bishop.\p\B3\b \IMil.\i an officer responsible for the supply of food etc. to soldiers.\p\B4\b \BN. Amer.\b \ICinematog Food\i \Ba\b a restaurant in a film studio etc. \Bb\b the food supplied.\p\B5\b \BN. Amer.\b \IMil.\i a store for the supply of food etc. to soldiers. \Bcommissarial\b \K/-"sE:rI\F'\nl/\k \Iadj.\i \Bcommissaryship\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from medieval Latin \Icommissarius\i 'person in charge' (as \J\Xcommit\x)\j\c
<hw>commission</hw> \K/k\F'\n"mIS(\F'\n)n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the authority to perform a task or certain duties. \Bb\b a person or group entrusted esp. by a government with such authority \3(set up a commission to look into it).\c \Bc\b an instruction, command, or duty given to such a group or person \3(their commission was to simplify the procedure;\c \2my commission was to find him).\c\p\B2\b an order for something, esp. a work of art, to be produced specially.\p\B3\b \IMil.\i \Ba\b a warrant conferring the rank of officer in an army, navy, or air force. \Bb\b the rank so conferred.\p\B4\b \ICommerce\i \Ba\b the authority to act as agent for a company etc. in trade. \Bb\b a percentage paid to the agent from the profits of goods etc. sold, or business obtained \3(his salary is low, but he gets 20\F%\n commission).\c \Bc\b the pay of a commissioned agent.\p\B5\b the act of committing (a crime, sin, etc.).\p\B6\b the office or department of a commissioner. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b authorize or empower by a commission.\p\B2\b \Ba\b give (an artist etc.) a commission for a piece of work. \Bb\b order (a work) to be written \3(commissioned a new concerto).\c\p\B3\b \INaut.\i \Ba\b give (an officer) the command of a ship. \Bb\b prepare (a ship) for active service.\p\B4\b bring (a machine, equipment, etc.) into operation.\p\1in commission\c \IMil Naut\i (of a warship etc.) manned, armed, and ready for service.\p\1out of commission\c \I\Iesp.\i Naut Mil\i (esp. of a ship) not in service; not in working order. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Icommissio -onis\i (as \J\Xcommit\x)\j\c
<hw>commission agent</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ICommerce\i a bookmaker.
<hw>commissionaire</hw> \K/k\F'\nmIS\F'\n"nE:/\k\p\In.\i\p\Besp. Brit.\b \ITheatr\i a uniformed door attendant at a theatre, cinema, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3French (as \J\Xcommissioner\x)\j\c
<hw>commissioner</hw> \K/k\F'\n"mIS(\F'\n)n\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person appointed by a commission to perform a specific task, e.g. the head of the London police, a delegate to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland, etc.\p\B2\b (esp. in titles) a person appointed as a member of a government commission \3(Charity Commissioner;\c \2Civil Service Commissioner).\c\p\B3\b a representative of the supreme authority in a district, department, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from medieval Latin \Icommissionarius\i (as \J\Xcommission\x)\j\c
<hw>Commissioner for Oaths</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ILaw\i a solicitor authorized to administer an oath to a person making an affidavit.
<hw>commission of the peace</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ILaw\i\p\B1\b Justices of the Peace.\p\B2\b the authority given to them.
<hw>commissure</hw> \K/"kQmIsjU\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a junction, joint, or seam.\p\B2\b \IAnat.\i \Ba\b the joint between two bones. \Bb\b a band of nerve tissue connecting the hemispheres of the brain, the two sides of the spinal cord, etc. \Bc\b the line where the upper and lower lips, or eyelids, meet.\p\B3\b \IBot.\i a joint etc. between different parts of a plant. \Bcommissural\b \K/kQmI"sjU\F'\nr(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Icommissura\i 'junction' (as \J\Xcommit\x)\j\c
<hw>commit</hw> \K/k\F'\n"mIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(committed,\b \Bcommitting)\b\p\B1\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bto)\b\i entrust or consign for: \Ba\b safe keeping \3(I commit him to your care).\c \Bb\b treatment, usu. destruction \3(committed the book to the flames).\c\p\B2\b perpetrate, do (esp. a crime, sin, or blunder).\p\B3\b pledge, involve, or bind (esp. oneself) to a certain course or policy \3(does not like committing herself;\c \2committed by the vow he had made).\c\p\B4\b (as \Bcommitted\b \Iadj.)\i \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i \Ba\b morally dedicated or politically aligned \3(a committed Christian;\c \2committed to the cause;\c \2a committed socialist).\c \Bb\b obliged (to take certain action) \3(felt committed to staying there).\c\p\B5\b \IPolit.\i refer (a bill etc.) to a committee.\p\1commit to memory\c learn (a thing) so as to be able to recall it.\p\1commit to prison\c \ICriminol\i consign officially to custody, esp. on remand. \Bcommittable\b \Iadj.\i \Bcommitter\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Icommittere\i 'join, entrust' (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Imittere miss-\i 'send')\c
<hw>commitment</hw> \K/k\F'\n"mItm(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an engagement or (esp. financial) obligation that restricts freedom of action.\p\B2\b the process or an instance of committing oneself; a pledge or undertaking.
<hw>committal</hw> \K/k\F'\n"mIt(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act of committing a person to an institution, esp. prison or a psychiatric hospital.\p\B2\b the burial of a corpse.
<hw>committee</hw> \K/k\F'\n"mIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a body of persons appointed for a specific function by, and usu. out of, a larger body. \Bb\b \IPolit\i such a body appointed by Parliament etc. to consider the details of proposed legislation. \Bc\b \B(Committee)\b \IPolit\i (in the UK) the whole House of Commons when sitting as a committee.\p\B2\b \K/kQmI"ti:/\k \ILaw\i a person entrusted with the charge of another person or another person's property. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xcommit\x\j + \J\X-ee\x\j\c
<hw>committee man</hw>\p\In.\i\p\I(fem.\i \Bcommittee woman)\b \IPolit.\i a member of a committee, esp. a habitual member of committees.
<hw>committee stage</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IPolit\i the third of five stages of a bill's progress through Parliament when it may be considered in detail and amendments made.
<hw>commix</hw> \K/kQ"mIks/\k \Iv.tr. & intr.\i \Iarchaic\i or \Ipoet.\i mix. \Bcommixture\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English: back-formation from \Icommixt,\i past part., from Latin \Icommixtus\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \J\Xmixed\x)\j\c
<hw>commode</hw> \K/k\F'\n"m\F'\nUd/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFurniture\i\p\B1\b a chest of drawers.\p\B2\b (also \Bnight-commode)\b \Ba\b a bedside table with a cupboard containing a chamber pot. \Bb\b a chamber pot concealed in a chair with a hinged cover. \Bc\b \BUS\b = \J\Xlavatory\x 1.\j\Ksense 2c new f. F. Abate, AHD, Nov 94\k\p\B3\b = \J\Xchiffonier\x 1.\j \BEtymology:\b \3French \I(adj.\i used as a noun), from Latin \Icommodus\i 'convenient' (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Imodus\i 'measure')\c
<hw>commodification</hw> \K/k\F'\n%mQdIfI"keIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i the action of turning something into, or treating something as, a (mere) commodity.\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED, Incomings aug 93\k \Bcommodify\b \K/k\F'\n"mQdIfVI/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(-ies,\b \B-ied).\b \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xcommodity\x;\j see \J\X-fication\x\j\c
<hw>commodious</hw> \K/k\F'\n"m\F'\nUdI\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b roomy and comfortable.\p\B2\b \Iarchaic\i convenient. \Bcommodiously\b \Iadv.\i \Bcommodiousness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Icommodieux\i or from medieval Latin \Icommodiosus,\i from Latin \Icommodus\i (as \J\Xcommode\x)\j\c
<hw>commodity</hw> \K/k\F'\n"mQdIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \ICommerce\i an article or raw material that can be bought and sold, esp. a product as opposed to a service.\p\B2\b a useful thing. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \IcommoditΘ\i or from Latin \Icommoditas\i (as \J\Xcommode\x)\j\c
<hw>commodore</hw> \K/"kQm\F'\ndO:/\k\p\In.\i\p\INaut\i\p\B1\b a naval officer above a captain and below a rear admiral.\p\B2\b the commander of a squadron or other division of a fleet.\p\B3\b the president of a yacht club.\p\B4\b the senior captain of a shipping line. \BEtymology:\b \3probably via Dutch \Ikomandeur\i from French \Icommandeur\i \J\Xcommander\x\j\c
<hw>Commodore-in-Chief</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IAeron\i the supreme officer in the Royal Air Force.
<hw>common</hw> \K/"kQm\F'\nn/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i \B(commoner,\b \Bcommonest)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b occurring often \3(a common mistake).\c \Bb\b ordinary; of ordinary qualities; without special rank or position \3(no common mind;\c \2common soldier;\c \2the common people).\c\p\B2\b \Ba\b shared by, coming from, or done by, more than one \3(common knowledge;\c \2by common consent;\c \2our common benefit).\c \Bb\b belonging to, open to, or affecting, the whole community or the public \3(common land).\c\p\B3\b \Iderog.\i low-class; vulgar; inferior \3(a common little man).\c\p\B4\b of the most familiar type \3(common cold;\c \2common nightshade).\c\p\B5\b \IMath.\i belonging to two or more quantities \3(common denominator;\c \2common factor).\c\p\B6\b \IGram.\i (of gender) referring to individuals of either sex (e.g. \Iteacher).\i\p\B7\b \IProsody\i (of a syllable) that may be either short or long.\p\B8\b \IMus.\i having two or four beats, esp. four crotchets, in a bar.\p\B9\b \ILaw\i (of a crime) of lesser importance \I(cf.\i \J\Xgrand\x \Iadj.\i 8,\j \J\Xpetty\x 4).\j\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a piece of open public land, esp. in a village or town.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b \Islang\i = \J\Xcommon sense\x\j \3(use your common).\c\p\B3\b \IEccl.\i a service used for each of a group of occasions.\p\B4\b (in full \Bright of common)\b \ILaw\i a person's right over another's land, e.g. for pasturage.\p\1common ground\c a point or argument accepted by both sides in a dispute.\p\1common or garden\c \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i ordinary.\p\1in common\c\p\B1\b in joint use; shared.\p\B2\b of joint interest \3(have little in common).\c\p\1in common with\c in the same way as.\p\1out of the common\c \BBrit.\b unusual. \Bcommonly\b \Iadv.\i \Bcommonness\b \K/"kQm\F'\nnnIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icomun\i from Latin \Icommunis\i\c
<hw>commonable</hw> \K/"kQm\F'\nn\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \ILaw Agriculture\i\p\B1\b (of an animal) that may be pastured on common land.\p\B2\b (of land) that may be held in common. \BEtymology:\b \3obsolete \Icommon\i 'to exercise right of common' + \J\X-able\x\j\c
<hw>commonage</hw> \K/"kQm\F'\nnIdZ/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ILaw\i = \Iright of common\i (see \J\Xcommon\x\p\In.\i\p4).\j\p\B2\b \ILaw\i \Ba\b land held in common. \Bb\b the state of being held in common.\p\B3\b the common people; commonalty.
<hw>commonality</hw> \K/kQm\F'\n"nalIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b the sharing of an attribute.\p\B2\b a common occurrence.\p\B3\b = \J\Xcommonalty\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3variant of \J\Xcommonalty\x\j\c
<hw>commonalty</hw> \K/"kQm\F'\nn(\F'\n)lti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b the common people.\p\B2\b the general body (esp. of humankind).\p\B3\b a corporate body. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \IcomunaltΘ\i from medieval Latin \Icommunalitas -tatis\i (as \J\Xcommon\x)\j\c
<hw>common carrier</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ILaw Commerce\i a person or firm undertaking to transport any goods or person in a specified category.
<hw>common chord</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMus.\i any note with its major or minor third and perfect fifth.
<hw>common denominator</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMath\i a common multiple of the denominators of several fractions.\p\B2\b a common feature of members of a group.
<hw>commoner</hw> \K/"kQm\F'\nn\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b one of the common people, as opposed to the aristocracy.\p\B2\b \ILaw\i a person who has the right of common.\p\B3\b \IEducation\i a student at a British university who does not have a scholarship. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from medieval Latin \Icommunarius,\i from \Icommuna\i (as \J\Xcommune\x (1))\j\c
<hw>Common Era</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IHorol\i the Christian era.
<hw>commonhold</hw> \K/"kQm\F'\nnh\F'\nUld/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(often \Battrib.)\b\i \BBrit.\b \ILaw\i the freehold tenure of a flat within a multi-occupancy building, but with shared responsibility for common services. \Bcommonholder\b\p\In.\i\p\Knew in COD9 f. corpus, News Mar 94\k
<hw>common jury</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i a jury with members of no particular social standing \I(cf.\i \J\Xspecial jury\x).\j
<hw>common law</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i law derived from custom and judicial precedent rather than statutes (cf. \J\Xcase law\x,\j \J\Xstatute law\x).\j
<hw>common-law husband</hw>\p\In.\i\p\I(fem.\i \Bcommon-law wife)\b \ILaw\i\p\B1\b a partner in a marriage recognized in some jurisdictions as valid by common law, though not brought about by a civil or ecclesiastical ceremony.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i a partner in a relationship in which a man and woman cohabit for a period long enough to suggest stability.
<hw>common logarithm</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMath.\i a logarithm to the base 10.
<hw>Common Market</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPolit Commerce\i the European Community.
<hw>common metre</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IProsody\i a hymn stanza of four lines with 8, 6, 8, and 6 syllables.
<hw>common noun</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcommon name)\b \IGram.\i a name denoting a class of objects or a concept as opposed to a particular individual (e.g. \Iboy,\i \Ichocolate,\i \Ibeauty).\i
<hw>commonplace</hw> \K/"kQm\F'\nnpleIs/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i lacking originality; trite.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b an everyday saying; a platitude \3(uttered a commonplace about the weather).\c \Bb\b an ordinary topic of conversation.\p\B2\b anything usual or trite.\p\B3\b a notable passage in a book etc. copied into a commonplace book. \Bcommonplaceness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3translation of Latin \Ilocus communis\i = Greek \Ikoinos topos\i 'general theme'\c
<hw>commonplace book</hw>\p\In.\i\pa book into which notable extracts from other works are copied for personal use.
<hw>Common Prayer</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i the Church of England liturgy originally set forth in the \IBook of Common Prayer\i of Edward VI (1549), esp. as revised in 1662.
<hw>common property</hw>\p\In.\i\pa thing known by most people.
<hw>common room</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Besp. Brit\b \IEducation\i\p\B1\b a room in some colleges, schools, etc., which members may use for relaxation or work.\p\B2\b the members who use this.
<hw>commons</hw> \K/"kQm\F'\nnz/\k \In.pl.\i\p\B1\b \B(the Commons)\b \IPolit\i = \J\XHouse of Commons\x.\j\p\B2\b \ISociol\i \Ba\b the common people. \Bb\b \IPolit\i \I(prec. by \Bthe)\b\i the common people regarded as a part of a political, esp. British, system.\p\B3\b provisions shared in common; daily fare. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, pl. of \J\Xcommon\x\j\c
<hw>common seal (1)</hw> \p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a seal, Phoca vitulina, of northern oceans, with a mottled grey coat. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xseal\x (2)\j\c
<hw>common seal (2)</hw> \p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i the official seal of a corporate body. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xseal\x (1)\j\c
<hw>common sense</hw>\p\In.\i\psound practical sense, esp. in everyday matters \I(often hyphenated when \Battrib.:\b\i \2a common-sense approach).\c
<hw>commonsensical</hw> \K/kQm\F'\nn"sEnsIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i possessing or marked by common sense. \BEtymology:\b \3\Icommon sense\i (see \J\Xcommon\x)\j\c
<hw>Common Serjeant</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i a circuit judge of the Central Criminal Court with duties in the City of London.
<hw>common weal</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i public welfare.
<hw>commonwealth</hw> \K/"kQm\F'\nnwElT/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \IPolit\i an independent state or community, esp. a democratic republic. \Bb\b such a community or organization of shared interests in a non-political field \3(the commonwealth of learning).\c\p\B2\b \B(the Commonwealth)\b \ICommonwealth Polit\i \Ba\b (in full \Bthe Commonwealth of Nations)\b an international association consisting of the UK together with states that were previously part of the British Empire, and dependencies. \Bb\b the republican period of government in Britain 1649-60. \Bc\b a part of the title of Puerto Rico and some of the states of the US. \Bd\b the title of the federated Australian states. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xcommon\x\j + \J\Xwealth\x\j\c
<hw>Commonwealth Day</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i a day each year commemorating the British Commonwealth (formerly called \IEmpire Day).\i
<hw>common year</hw> \Isee\i \J\Xyear\x 2.\j
<hw>commotion</hw> \K/k\F'\n"m\F'\nUS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a confused and noisy disturbance or outburst. \Bb\b loud and confusing noise.\p\B2\b a civil insurrection. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Icommotion\i or Latin \Icommotio\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \J\Xmotion\x)\j\c
<hw>communal</hw> \K/"kQmjUn(\F'\n)l/, /k\F'\n"mju:-/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b relating to or benefiting a community; for common use \3(communal baths).\c\p\B2\b (of conflicts etc.) between different esp. ethnic or religious communities \3(communal violence).\c\Ksense 2 new in COD9 f. POD, corpus Aug 93\k\p\B3\b of a commune, esp. the Paris Commune. \Bcommunality\b \K/-"nalIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bcommunally\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French from Late Latin \Icommunalis\i (as \J\Xcommune\x (1))\j\c
<hw>communalism</hw> \K/"kQmjUn(\F'\n)lIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i\p\B1\b a principle of political organization based on federated communes.\p\B2\b the principle of communal ownership etc. \Bcommunalist\b\p\In.\i\p\Bcommunalistic\b \K/-"lIstIk/\k \Iadj.\i
<hw>communalize</hw> \K/"kQmjUn(\F'\n)lVIz/, /k\F'\n"mju:n\F'\nlVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b make communal. \Bcommunalization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>communard</hw> \K/"kQmjUnA:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a member of a commune.\p\B2\b (also \BCommunard)\b \IPolit\i \Ihist.\i a supporter of the Paris Commune. \BEtymology:\b \3French (as \J\Xcommune\x (1))\j\c
<hw>commune (1)</hw> \K/"kQmju:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPolit Sociol\i \Ba\b a group of people, not necessarily related, sharing living accommodation, goods, etc., esp. as a political act. \Bb\b a communal settlement esp. for the pursuit of shared interests.\p\B2\b \IPolit\i \Ba\b the smallest French territorial division for administrative purposes. \Bb\b a similar division elsewhere.\p\B3\b \B(the Commune)\b \IPolit\i the communalistic government in Paris in 1871. \BEtymology:\b \3French from medieval Latin \Icommunia,\i neut. pl. of Latin \Icommunis\i 'common'\c
<hw>commune (2)</hw> \K/k\F'\n"mju:n/\k \Iv.intr.\i\p\B1\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bwith)\b\i \Ba\b speak confidentially and intimately \3(communed together about their loss;\c \2communed with his heart).\c \Bb\b feel in close touch (with nature etc.) \3(communed with the hills).\c\p\B2\b \BN. Amer.\b \IRelig\i receive Holy Communion. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Icomuner\i 'share', from \Icomun\i \J\Xcommon\x\j\c
<hw>communicable</hw> \K/k\F'\n"mju:nIk\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IMed\i (esp. of a disease) able to be passed on.\p\B2\b \Iarchaic\i communicative. \Bcommunicability\b \K/-"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bcommunicably\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Icommunicable\i or Late Latin \Icommunicabilis\i (as \J\Xcommunicate\x)\j\c
<hw>communicant</hw> \K/k\F'\n"mju:nIk(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IRelig\i a person who receives Holy Communion, esp. regularly.\p\B2\b a person who imparts information. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icommunicare communicant-\i (as \J\Xcommon\x)\j\c
<hw>communicate</hw> \K/k\F'\n"mju:nIkeIt/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b transmit or pass on by speaking or writing \3(communicated his ideas).\c \Bb\b transmit (heat, motion, etc.). \Bc\b pass on (an infectious illness). \Bd\b impart (feelings etc.) non-verbally \3(communicated his affection).\c\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i be in communication; succeed in conveying information, evoking understanding, etc. \3(he communicates well).\c\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i share a feeling or understanding; relate socially.\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i (of a room etc.) have a common door \3(my room communicates with yours).\c\p\B5\b \IRelig\i \Ba\b \Itr.\i administer Holy Communion to. \Bb\b \Iintr.\i receive Holy Communion. \Bcommunicator\b\p\In.\i\p\Bcommunicatory\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icommunicare communicat-\i (as \J\Xcommon\x)\j\c
<hw>communication</hw> \K/k\F'\nmju:nI"keIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the act of imparting, esp. news. \Bb\b an instance of this. \Bc\b the information etc. communicated.\p\B2\b a means of connecting different places, such as a door, passage, road, or railway.\p\B3\b social intercourse \3(it was difficult to maintain communication in the uproar).\c\p\B4\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i the science and practice of transmitting information esp. by electronic or mechanical means.\p\B5\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \IMil.\i the means of transport between a base and the front.\p\B6\b \BBrit.\b a paper read to a learned society. \Bcommunicational\b \Iadj.\i (in senses 1 and 3).\K-al new f. corpus, SOED Mar 94\k
<hw>communication cord</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IRailways\i a cord or chain in a railway carriage that may be pulled to stop the train in an emergency.
<hw>communication satellite</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcommunications satellite)\b \IBroadcasting Telephony\i an artificial satellite used to relay telephone circuits or broadcast programmes.
<hw>communication theory</hw>\p\In.\i\pthe study of the principles and methods by which information is conveyed.
<hw>communicative</hw> \K/k\F'\n"mju:nIk\F'\ntIv/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b open, talkative, informative.\p\B2\b ready to communicate. \Bcommunicatively\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Icommunicativus\i (as \J\Xcommunicate\x)\j\c
<hw>communion</hw> \K/k\F'\n"mju:nj\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a sharing, esp. of thoughts etc.; fellowship \3(their minds were in communion).\c\p\B2\b participation; a sharing in common \3(communion of interests).\c\p\B3\b \B(Communion, Holy Communion)\b \IRelig\i \Ba\b the Eucharist. \Bb\b participation in the Communion service. \Bc\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i of or used in the Communion service \3(Communion table;\c \2Communion rail).\c\p\B4\b \IRelig\i mutual recognition among branches of the Church \3(in communion with Rome).\c\p\B5\b \IRelig\i a body or group within the Christian faith \3(the Anglican communion).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Icommunion\i or Latin \Icommunio,\i from \Icommunis\i 'common'\c
<hw>communion of saints</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i fellowship between Christians living and dead.
<hw>communiquΘ</hw> \K/k\F'\n"mju:nIkeI/\k\p\In.\i\pan official communication, esp. a news report. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = communicated\c
<hw>communism</hw> \K/"kQmjUnIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i\p\B1\b a political theory advocating a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person is paid and works according to his or her needs and abilities.\p\B2\b (usu. \BCommunism)\b \Ba\b the communistic form of society established in the former USSR and elsewhere. \Bb\b any movement or political doctrine advocating communism, esp. Marxism.\p\B3\b = \J\Xcommunalism\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icommunisme\i from \Icommun\i \J\Xcommon\x\j\c
<hw>communist</hw> \K/"kQmjUnIst/\k \In. & adj.\i \IPolit\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person advocating or practising communism.\p\B2\b \B(Communist)\b a member of a Communist Party. \Iadj.\i of or relating to communism \3(a communist play).\c \Bcommunistic\b \K/-"nIstIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xcommunism\x\j\c
<hw>communitarian</hw> \K/k\F'\nmju:nI"tE:rI\F'\nn/\k \In. & adj.\i \IPolit Sociol\i\p\In.\i\pa member of a communistic community. \Iadj.\i of or relating to such a community. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xcommunity\x\j + \J\X-arian\x\j on the pattern of \Iunitarian\i etc.\c
<hw>community</hw> \K/k\F'\n"mju:nIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b all the people living in a specific locality. \Bb\b a specific locality, including its inhabitants.\p\B2\b a body of people having a religion, a profession, etc., in common \3(the immigrant community).\c\p\B3\b fellowship of interests etc.; similarity \3(community of intellect).\c\p\B4\b a monastic, socialistic, etc. body practising common ownership.\p\B5\b joint ownership or liability \3(community of goods).\c\p\B6\b \I(prec. by \Bthe)\b\i the public.\p\B7\b a body of nations unified by common interests.\p\B8\b \IEcol.\i a group of animals or plants living or growing together in the same area. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \IcomunetΘ\i from Latin \Icommunitas -tatis\i (as \J\Xcommon\x)\j\c
<hw>community architect</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IArchit.\i an architect working in consultation with the local community in designing housing and other amenities. \Bcommunity architecture\b\p\In.\i\p\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED, incomings aug 93\k
<hw>community centre</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ISociol\i a place providing social etc. facilities for a neighbourhood.
<hw>community charge</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPolit Econ\i \Ihist.\i (in the UK) a short-lived tax levied locally on every adult in a community, replaced in 1993 by the council tax.
<hw>community chest</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ISociol\i a fund for charity and welfare work in a community.
<hw>community college</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IEducation\i \Besp. N. Amer.\b a college providing further and higher education for members of the local community.\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED Aug 93\k
<hw>community home</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ICriminol\i a centre for housing young offenders and other juveniles in need of custodial care.
<hw>community policing</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICriminol.\i policing by officers intended to have personal knowledge of the community which they police. \Bcommunity policeman\b\p\In.\i\p\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED Aug 93\k
<hw>community service</hw>\p\In.\i\pwork, esp. voluntary and unpaid, or stipulated by a community service order, in the community.\Knew in COD9 f. corpus, COD box Aug 93\k
<hw>community service order</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ICriminol\i an order for a convicted offender to perform a period of unpaid work in the community.
<hw>community singing</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMus.\i singing by a large crowd or group, esp. of old popular songs or hymns.
<hw>community spirit</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ISociol\i a feeling of belonging to a community, expressed in mutual support etc.
<hw>community worker</hw>\p\In.\i\pa person who works in a community to promote its welfare.\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED Aug 93\k
<hw>communize</hw> \K/"kQmjUnVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b \IPolit\i\p\B1\b make (land etc.) common property.\p\B2\b make (a person etc.) communistic. \Bcommunization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icommunis\i \J\Xcommon\x\j\c
<hw>commutable</hw> \K/k\F'\n"mju:t\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \ICommerce\i convertible into money; exchangeable.\p\B2\b \ILaw\i (of a punishment) able to be commuted.\p\B3\b within commuting distance. \Bcommutability\b \K/-"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icommutabilis\i (as \J\Xcommute\x)\j\c
<hw>commutate</hw> \K/"kQmjUteIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i \IElectr.\i\p\B1\b regulate the direction of (an alternating current), esp. to make it a direct current.\p\B2\b reverse the direction (of an electric current). \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icommutare commutat-\i (as \J\Xcommute\x)\j\c
<hw>commutation</hw> \K/kQmjU"teIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or process of commuting or being commuted (in legal and exchange senses).\p\B2\b \IElectr.\i the act or process of commutating or being commutated.\p\B3\b \IMath.\i the reversal of the order of two quantities. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icommutation\i or Latin \Icommutatio\i (as \J\Xcommute\x)\j\c
<hw>commutative</hw> \K/k\F'\n"mju:t\F'\ntIv/, /"kQmjUt\F'\ntIv/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b relating to or involving substitution.\p\B2\b \IMath.\i unchanged in result by the interchange of the order of quantities. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icommutatif\i or medieval Latin \Icommutativus\i (as \J\Xcommute\x)\j\c
<hw>commutator</hw> \K/"kQmjUteIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IElectr.\i a device for reversing electric current.\p\B2\b an attachment connected with the armature of a dynamo which directs and makes continuous the current produced.
<hw>commute</hw> \K/k\F'\n"mju:t/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i travel to and from one's daily work, usu. in a city, esp. by car or train.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bto)\b\i \ILaw\i change (a judicial sentence etc.) to another less severe.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \I(often foll. by \Binto,\b \Bfor)\b\i \ICommerce\i \Ba\b change (one kind of payment) for another. \Bb\b make a payment etc. to change (an obligation etc.) for another.\p\B4\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b exchange; interchange (two things). \Bb\b change (to another thing).\p\B5\b \Itr.\i \IElectr.\i commutate.\p\B6\b \Iintr.\i \IMath.\i have a commutative relation.\Ksense 'buy and use a season ticket' omitted Sept 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icommutare commutat-\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Imutare\i 'change')\c
<hw>commuter</hw> \K/k\F'\n"mju:t\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pa person who travels some distance to work, esp. in a city, usu. by car or train.
<hw>comp</hw> \K/kQmp/\k \In. & v.\i \Icolloq.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b a competition.\p\B2\b \IPrinting\i a compositor.\p\B3\b \IMus.\i an accompaniment.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \IMus.\i \Ba\b \Itr.\i accompany. \Bb\b \Iintr.\i play an accompaniment.\p\B2\b \IPrinting\i \Ba\b \Iintr.\i work as a compositor. \Bb\b \Itr.\i work as a compositor on. \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation\c
<hw>compact (1)</hw> \Iadj., v., & n.\i \Iadj.\i \K/k\F'\nm"pakt/\k\p\B1\b closely or neatly packed together.\p\B2\b (of a piece of equipment, a room, etc.) well fitted and practical though small.\p\B3\b (of style etc.) condensed; brief.\p\B4\b (esp. of the human body) small but well-proportioned.\p\B5\b \I(foll. by \Bof)\b\i composed or made up of. \Iv.tr.\i \K/k\F'\nm"pakt/\k\p\B1\b join or press firmly together.\p\B2\b condense.\p\B3\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bof)\b\i compose; make up.\p\In.\i\p\K/"kQmpakt/\k\p\B1\b a small flat usu. decorated case for face powder and a mirror, etc.\p\B2\b an object formed by compacting powder.\p\B3\b \BN. Amer.\b \ITransport\i a medium-sized motor car. \Bcompaction\b\p\In.\i\p\Bcompactly\b \Iadv.\i \Bcompactness\b\p\In.\i\p\Bcompactor\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Icompingere compact-\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Ipangere\i 'fasten')\c
<hw>compact (2)</hw> \K/"kQmpakt/\k\p\In.\i\pan agreement or contract between two or more parties. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icompactum\i from \Icompacisci compact-\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Ipacisci\i 'covenant'): cf. \J\Xpact\x\j\c
<hw>compact disc</hw> \K/"kQmpakt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IElectronics Computing\i a disc on which information or sound is recorded digitally and reproduced by reflection of laser light.\Kneed compact disc player?\k
<hw>compadre</hw> \K/kQm"pA:dri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bcompadres)\b \Besp. US\b \Icolloq.\i friend, companion.\Knew f. incomings, SOED, corpus Mar 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish, = godfather\c
<hw>compages</hw> \K/k\F'\nm"peIdZi:z/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i same)\p\B1\b a framework; a complex structure.\p\B2\b something resembling a compages in complexity etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icompages\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Ipages\i from \Ipangere\i 'fasten')\c
<hw>companion (1)</hw> \K/k\F'\nm"panj\F'\nn/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \I(often foll. by \Bin,\b \Bof)\b\i a person who accompanies, associates with, or shares with, another \3(a companion in adversity;\c \2they were close companions).\c \Bb\b a person, esp. an unmarried or widowed woman, employed to live with and assist another.\p\B2\b a handbook or reference book on a particular subject \3(A Companion to North Wales).\c\p\B3\b a thing that matches another \3(the companion of this bookend is over there).\c\p\B4\b \B(Companion)\b a member of the lowest grade of some orders of knighthood \3(Companion of the Bath).\c\p\B5\b \IAstron.\i a star etc. that accompanies another.\p\B6\b \BBrit.\b equipment or a piece of equipment that combines several uses.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i accompany.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i \Iliterary\i be a companion. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Icompaignon,\i ultimately from Latin, = 'one who breaks bread with another' (as \J\Xcom-\x\j + \Ipanis\i 'bread')\c
<hw>companion (2)</hw> \K/k\F'\nm"panj\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\INaut.\i\p\B1\b a raised frame with windows let into the quarterdeck of a ship to allow light into the cabins etc. below.\p\B2\b = \J\Xcompanionway\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3obsolete Dutch \Ikompanje\i 'quarterdeck' from Old French \Icompagne\i from Italian \I(camera della)\i \Icompagna\i '(storeroom for) provisions', probably ultimately related to \J\Xcompanion\x (1)\j\c
<hw>companionable</hw> \K/k\F'\nm"panj\F'\nn\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i agreeable as a companion; sociable. \Bcompanionableness\b\p\In.\i\p\Bcompanionably\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>companionate</hw> \K/k\F'\nm"panj\F'\nn\F'\nt/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IClothing\i well-suited; (of clothes) matching.\p\B2\b of or like a companion.
<hw>companion hatch</hw>\p\In.\i\p\INaut\i a wooden covering over a companionway.
<hw>companion hatchway</hw>\p\In.\i\p\INaut.\i an opening in a deck leading to a cabin.
<hw>companion-in-arms</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i a fellow soldier.
<hw>companion ladder</hw>\p\In.\i\p\INaut\i a ladder from a deck to a cabin.
<hw>Companion of Honour</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i (in the UK) a member of an order founded in 1917.
<hw>Companion of Literature</hw>\p\In.\i\p(in the UK) a member of an order founded in 1961.
<hw>companion set</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b a set of fireside implements on a stand.
<hw>companionway</hw> \K/k\F'\nm"panj\F'\nnweI/\k\p\In.\i\p\INaut.\i a staircase to a cabin.
<hw>company</hw> \K/"kVmp(\F'\n)ni/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b a number of people assembled; a crowd; an audience \3(addressed the company).\c \Bb\b guests or a guest \3(am expecting company).\c\p\B2\b a state of being a companion or fellow; companionship, esp. of a specific kind \3(enjoys low company;\c \2do not care for his company).\c\p\B3\b \Ba\b a commercial business. \Bb\b (usu. \BCo.)\b the partner or partners not named in the title of a firm \3(Smith and Co.).\c\p\B4\b \ITheatr\i a troupe of actors or entertainers.\p\B5\b \IMil.\i a subdivision of an infantry battalion, usu. commanded by a major or a captain.\p\B6\b \BBrit.\b \IScouting\i a group of Guides.\p\Iv.\i\p\B(-ies,\b \B-ied)\b\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \Iarchaic\i accompany.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i \Iliterary\i be a companion.\p\1err (or be) in good company\c discover that a celebrity, one's companions, etc., have done the same as oneself.\p\1in company\c not alone.\p\1in company with\c together with.\p\1keep company\c \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i associate habitually.\p\1keep (or \Iarchaic\i bear) a person company\c accompany a person; be sociable.\p\1part company\c \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i cease to associate. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Anglo-French \Icompainie,\i Old French \Icompai(g)nie,\i from Romanic (as \J\Xcompanion\x (1))\j\c
<hw>company car</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i a car provided by a company for the business and usu. private use of an employee.\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED Aug 93\k
<hw>company officer</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i a captain or a lower commissioned officer.
<hw>company promoter</hw> \Isee\i \J\Xpromoter\x 3.\j\Knew as hwd Sept 94\k
<hw>company sergeant major</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IMil.\i the highest non-commissioned officer of a company.
<hw>comparable</hw> \K/"kQmp(\F'\n)r\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i able to be compared.\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i fit to be compared; worth comparing. \Bcomparability\b \K/-"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bcomparableness\b\p\In.\i\p\Bcomparably\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Icomparabilis\i (as \J\Xcompare\x)\j\c The use of \Icomparable\i with \Ito\i and \Iwith\i corresponds to the senses at \Icompare;\i \Ito\i is more common.
<hw>comparative</hw> \K/k\F'\nm"par\F'\ntIv/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b perceptible by comparison; relative \3(in comparative comfort).\c\p\B2\b estimated by comparison \3(the comparative merits of the two ideas).\c\p\B3\b of or involving comparison (esp. across branches of a science or subject of study).\p\B4\b \IGram.\i (of an adjective or adverb) expressing a higher degree of a quality, but not the highest possible (e.g. \Ibraver;\i \Imore fiercely)\i \I(cf.\i \J\Xpositive\x \Iadj.\i 3b,\j \J\Xsuperlative\x \Iadj.\i 2).\j\p\In.\i\p\IGram.\i\p\B1\b the comparative expression or form of an adjective or adverb.\p\B2\b a word in the comparative. \Bcomparatively\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Icomparativus\i (as \J\Xcompare\x)\j\c
<hw>comparator</hw> \K/k\F'\nm"par\F'\nt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IEngin.\i a device for comparing a product, an output, etc., with a standard, esp. an electronic circuit comparing two signals.
<hw>compare</hw> \K/k\F'\nm"pE:/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bto)\b\i express similarities in; liken \3(compared the landscape to a painting).\c\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bto,\b \Bwith)\b\i estimate the similarity or dissimilarity of; assess the relation between \3(compared radio with television;\c \2that lacks quality compared to this).\c\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i bear comparison \3(compares favourably with the rest).\c\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i be equal or equivalent to.\p\B5\b \Itr.\i \IGram.\i form the comparative and superlative degrees of (an adjective or an adverb).\p\In.\i\p\Iliterary\i comparison \3(beyond compare;\c \2without compare;\c \2has no compare).\c\p\1compare notes\c exchange ideas or opinions. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icomparer\i from Latin \Icomparare\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Iparare\i from \Ipar\i 'equal')\c In sense 2 \Ito\i and \Iwith\i are generally interchangeable, but \Iwith\i often implies a greater element of formal analysis, as in \Icompared my account with yours.\i
<hw>comparison</hw> \K/k\F'\nm"parIs(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or an instance of comparing.\p\B2\b a simile or semantic illustration.\p\B3\b capacity for being likened; similarity \3(there's no comparison).\c\p\B4\b (in full \Bdegrees of comparison)\b \IGram.\i the positive, comparative, and superlative forms of adjectives and adverbs.\p\1bear (or stand) comparison\c \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i be able to be compared favourably.\p\1beyond comparison\c\p\B1\b totally different in quality.\p\B2\b greatly superior; excellent.\p\1in (or by) comparison with\c compared to. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icomparesoun\i from Latin \Icomparatio -onis\i (as \J\Xcompare\x)\j\c
<hw>compartment</hw> \K/k\F'\nm"pA:tm(\F'\n)nt/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a space within a larger space, separated from the rest by partitions, e.g. in a railway carriage, wallet, desk, etc.\p\B2\b \INaut.\i a watertight division of a ship.\p\B3\b an area of activity etc. kept apart from others in a person's mind. \Iv.tr.\i put into compartments. \Bcompartmentation\b \K/-"teIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Icompartiment\i via Italian \Icompartimento\i from Late Latin \Icompartiri\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Ipartiri\i 'share')\c
<hw>compartmental</hw> \K/kQmpA:t"mEnt(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i consisting of or relating to compartments or a compartment. \Bcompartmentally\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>compartmentalize</hw> \K/kQmpA:t"mEnt(\F'\n)lVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b divide into compartments or categories. \Bcompartmentalization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>compass</hw> \K/"kVmp\F'\ns/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b (in full \Bmagnetic compass)\b \INaut\i an instrument showing the direction of magnetic north and bearings from it \I(see also\i \J\Xgyrocompass\x).\j\p\B2\b \I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i (also \Bpair of compasses\b \Ising.)\i \IGeom\i an instrument for taking measurements and describing circles, with two arms connected at one end by a movable joint.\p\B3\b a circumference or boundary.\p\B4\b area, extent; scope (e.g. of knowledge or experience) \3(beyond my compass).\c\p\B5\b \IMus\i the range of tones of a voice or a musical instrument. \Iv.tr.\i \Iliterary\i\p\B1\b hem in.\p\B2\b grasp mentally.\p\B3\b contrive, accomplish.\p\B4\b go round. \Bcompassable\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Icompas,\i ultimately from Latin \Ipassus\i \J\Xpace\x (1)\j\c
<hw>compass card</hw>\p\In.\i\pa circular rotating card showing the 32 principal bearings, forming the indicator of a magnetic compass.
<hw>compassion</hw> \K/k\F'\nm"paS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\ppity inclining one to help or be merciful. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from ecclesiastical Latin \Icompassio -onis,\i from \Icompati\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Ipati pass-\i 'suffer')\c
<hw>compassionate</hw> \K/k\F'\nm"paS(\F'\n)n\F'\nt/\k \Iadj.\i sympathetic, pitying. \Bcompassionately\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3obsolete French \IcompassionΘ\i from \Icompassioner\i 'feel pity' (as \J\Xcompassion\x)\j\c
<hw>compassionate leave</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMil Commerce\i leave granted on grounds of bereavement etc.
<hw>compassion fatigue</hw>\p\In.\i\pindifference to charitable appeals, reports of hardship, etc., resulting from their frequency.
<hw>compass rose</hw>\p\In.\i\pa circle of the principal directions marked on a chart.
<hw>compass saw</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICarpentry\i a saw with a narrow blade, for cutting curves.
<hw>compass window</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IArchit Building\i a bay window with a semicircular curve.
<hw>compatible</hw> \K/k\F'\nm"patIb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i \Ba\b able to coexist; well-suited; mutually tolerant \3(a compatible couple).\c \Bb\b consistent \3(their views are not compatible with their actions).\c\p\B2\b (of equipment etc.) capable of being used in combination.\p\In.\i\p\I(usu. in \Bcomb.)\b\i \IComputing\i a piece of equipment that can use software etc. designed for another brand of the same equipment \3(IBM compatibles).\c\Knoun new f. corpus Aug 93\k \Bcompatibility\b \K/-"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bcompatibly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French from medieval Latin \Icompatibilis\i (as \J\Xcompassion\x)\j\c
<hw>compatriot</hw> \K/k\F'\nm"patrI\F'\nt/, /-"peIt-/\k\p\In.\i\pa fellow countryman. \Bcompatriotic\b \K/-"QtIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icompatriote\i from Late Latin \Icompatriota\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Ipatriota\i \J\Xpatriot\x)\j\c
<hw>compeer</hw> \K/k\F'\nm"pI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an equal; a peer.\p\B2\b a comrade. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Icomper\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \J\Xpeer\x (2))\j\c
<hw>compel</hw> \K/k\F'\nm"pEl/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(compelled,\b \Bcompelling)\b\p\B1\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bto\b + infin.)\i force, constrain \3(compelled them to admit it).\c\p\B2\b bring about (an action) by force \3(compel submission).\c\p\B3\b (as \Bcompelling\b \Iadj.)\i rousing strong interest, attention, conviction, or admiration.\p\B4\b \Iarchaic\i drive forcibly. \Bcompellingly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Icompellere compuls-\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Ipellere\i 'drive')\c
<hw>compellable</hw> \K/k\F'\nm"pEl\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \ILaw\i (of a witness etc.) that may be made to attend court or give evidence.\Knew as hwd May 94\k
<hw>compendious</hw> \K/k\F'\nm"pEndI\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i (esp. of a book etc.) comprehensive but fairly brief. \Bcompendiously\b \Iadv.\i \Bcompendiousness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icompendieux\i from Latin \Icompendiosus\i 'brief' (as \J\Xcompendium\x)\j\c
<hw>compendium</hw> \K/k\F'\nm"pEndI\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bcompendiums\b or \Bcompendia\b \K/-dI\F'\n/\k)\p\B1\b \Besp. Brit.\b a usu. one-volume handbook or encyclopedia.\p\B2\b \Ba\b a summary or abstract of a larger work. \Bb\b an abridgement.\p\B3\b \Ba\b (in full \Bcompendium of games)\b a collection of games in a box. \Bb\b any collection or mixture.\p\B4\b a package of writing paper, envelopes, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = what is weighed together, from \Icompendere\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Ipendere\i 'weigh')\c
<hw>compensate</hw> \K/"kQmpEnseIt/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bfor)\b\i recompense (a person) \3(compensated him for his loss).\c\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bfor\b a thing,\i \I\BBrit.\b \Bto\b a person)\i make amends \3(compensated for the insult;\c \2will compensate to her in full).\c\p\B3\b \Itr.\i counterbalance; make up for; make amends for.\p\B4\b \Itr.\i \IMech.\i provide (a pendulum etc.) with extra or less weight etc. to neutralize the effects of temperature etc.\p\B5\b \Iintr.\i \IPsychol.\i offset a disability or frustration by development in another direction. \Bcompensative\b \K/-s\F'\ntIv/\k \Iadj.\i \Bcompensator\b\p\In.\i\p\Bcompensatory\b \K/-"pEns\F'\nt(\F'\n)ri/, /-"seIt(\F'\n)ri/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icompensare\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Ipensare,\i frequentative of \Ipendere pens-\i 'weigh')\c
<hw>compensation</hw> \K/kQmpEn"seIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the act of compensating. \Bb\b the process of being compensated.\p\B2\b something, esp. money, given as a recompense.\p\B3\b \IPsychol.\i \Ba\b an act of compensating. \Bb\b the result of compensating.\p\B4\b \BN. Amer.\b a salary or wages. \Bcompensational\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Icompensatio\i (as \J\Xcompensate\x)\j\c
<hw>compensation pendulum</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i a pendulum designed to neutralize the effects of temperature variation.
<hw>compΦre</hw> \K/"kQmpE:/\k \In. & v.\i \BBrit.\b \ITheatr\i\p\In.\i\pa person who introduces and links the artistes in a variety show etc.; a master of ceremonies.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i act as a compΦre to.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i act as compΦre. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = godfather, from Romanic (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j Latin \Ipater\i 'father')\c
<hw>compete</hw> \K/k\F'\nm"pi:t/\k \Iv.intr.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bwith,\b \Bagainst\b a person,\i \I\Bfor\b a thing)\i strive for superiority or supremacy \3(competed with his brother;\c \2compete against each other;\c \2compete for the job).\c\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Bin)\b\i take part (in a contest etc.) \3(competed in the hurdles).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icompetere competit-,\i in late sense 'strive after or contend for (something)' (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Ipetere\i 'seek')\c
<hw>competence</hw> \K/"kQmpIt(\F'\n)ns/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcompetency\b \K/-\F'\nnsi/\k)\p\B1\b \Ba\b \I(often foll. by \Bfor,\b or \Bto\b + infin.)\i ability; the state of being competent. \Bb\b an area in which a person is competent; a skill.\K1b new in COD9 f. Incomings, corpus Aug 93\k\p\B2\b an income large enough to live on, usu. unearned.\p\B3\b \ILaw\i the legal capacity (of a court, a magistrate, etc.) to deal with a matter.
<hw>competent</hw> \K/"kQmpIt(\F'\n)nt/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bto\b + infin. or \Bfor)\b\i adequately qualified or capable \3(not competent to drive).\c \Bb\b effective \3(a competent batsman).\c\p\B2\b \ILaw\i (of a judge, court, or witness) legally qualified or qualifying. \Bcompetently\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Icompetent\i or Latin \Icompetent-,\i pres. part. of \Icompetere\i 'be fit or proper' (as \J\Xcompete\x)\j\c
<hw>competition</hw> \K/kQmpI"tIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bfor)\b\i competing, esp. in an examination, in trade, etc.\p\B2\b an event or contest in which people compete.\p\B3\b \Ba\b the people competing against a person. \Bb\b the opposition they represent.\p\B4\b \IBiol.\i interaction between organisms etc. that share a limited environmental resource.\Ksense 4 new f. OERD May 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Icompetitio\i 'rivalry' (as \J\Xcompetitive\x)\j\c
<hw>competitive</hw> \K/k\F'\nm"pEtItIv/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b involving, offered for, or by competition \3(competitive game).\c\p\B2\b (of prices etc.) low enough to compare well with those of rival traders.\p\B3\b (of a person) having a strong urge to win; keen to compete. \Bcompetitively\b \Iadv.\i \Bcompetitiveness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3\Icompetit-,\i past part. stem of Latin \Icompetere\i \J\Xcompete\x\j\c
<hw>competitor</hw> \K/k\F'\nm"pEtIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person who competes.\p\B2\b a rival, esp. in business or commerce. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IcompΘtiteur\i or Latin \Icompetitor\i (as \J\Xcompete\x)\j\c
<hw>compilation</hw> \K/kQmpI"leIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the act of compiling. \Bb\b the process of being compiled.\p\B2\b \ILiterature\i something compiled, esp. a book etc. composed of separate articles, stories, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Icompilatio -onis\i (as \J\Xcompile\x)\j\c
<hw>compile</hw> \K/k\F'\nm"pVIl/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b collect (material) into a list, volume, etc. \Bb\b make up (a volume etc.) from such material.\p\B2\b accumulate (a score, lead, etc.) \3(compiled a break of 98).\c\p\B3\b \IComputing\i produce (a machine-coded form of a high-level program). \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Icompiler\i or its apparent source, Latin \Icompilare\i 'plunder, plagiarize'\c
<hw>compiler</hw> \K/k\F'\nm"pVIl\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IComputing\i a program for translating a high-level programming language into machine code.\p\B2\b a person who compiles.
<hw>complacency</hw> \K/k\F'\nm"pleIs(\F'\n)nsi/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcomplacence)\b self-satisfaction or tranquil pleasure, esp. when uncritical or unwarranted. \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Icomplacentia\i from Latin \Icomplacere\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Iplacere\i 'please')\c
<hw>complacent</hw> \K/k\F'\nm"pleIs(\F'\n)nt/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b smugly self-satisfied.\p\B2\b calmly content. \Bcomplacently\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icomplacere:\i see \J\Xcomplacency\x\j\c \IComplacent\i should not be confused with \Icomplaisant.\i
<hw>complain</hw> \K/k\F'\nm"pleIn/\k \Iv.intr.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Babout,\b \Bat,\b or \Bthat\b + clause)\i express dissatisfaction \3(complained at the state of the room;\c \2is always complaining).\c\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bof)\b\i \Ba\b announce that one is suffering from (an ailment) \3(complained of a headache).\c \Bb\b state a grievance concerning \3(complained of the delay).\c\p\B3\b \Ba\b make a mournful sound. \Bb\b \I\Iesp.\i Naut\i groan or creak under a strain. \Bcomplainer\b\p\In.\i\p\Bcomplainingly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icomplaindre\i (stem \Icomplaign-)\i from medieval Latin \Icomplangere\i 'bewail' (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Iplangere planct-\i 'lament')\c
<hw>complainant</hw> \K/k\F'\nm"pleIn\F'\nnt/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i a plaintiff in certain lawsuits.
<hw>complaint</hw> \K/k\F'\nm"pleInt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a grievance or cause for dissatisfaction \3(I have no complaints).\c \Bb\b a statement of dissatisfaction \3(make a complaint).\c\Ksense 1 revised to exclude original plaint sense Sept 94\k\p\B2\b an ailment or illness.\p\B3\b \ILaw\i the plaintiff's initial pleading in a civil action. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icomplainte\i from \Icomplaint,\i past part. of \Icomplaindre:\i see \J\Xcomplain\x\j\c
<hw>complaisant</hw> \K/k\F'\nm"pleIz(\F'\n)nt/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b politely deferential.\p\B2\b willing to please; acquiescent. \Bcomplaisance\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French from \Icomplaire\i (stem \Icomplais-)\i 'acquiesce to please', from Latin \Icomplacere:\i see \J\Xcomplacency\x\j\c \IComplaisant\i should not be confused with \Icomplacent.\i
<hw>complement</hw> \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\K/"kQmplIm(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\B1\b \Ba\b something that completes. \Bb\b one of a pair, or one of two things that go together.\p\B2\b (often \Bfull complement)\b the full number needed to man a ship, fill a conveyance, etc.\p\B3\b \IGram.\i a word or phrase added to a verb to complete the predicate of a sentence.\p\B4\b \IBiochem.\i a group of proteins in the blood which, in conjunction with antibodies, assist in the destruction of bacteria etc.\p\B5\b \IMath.\i any element not belonging to a specified set or class.\p\B6\b \IGeom.\i the amount by which an angle is less than 90░ \I(cf.\i \J\Xsupplement\x\p\In.\i\p5).\j \Iv.tr.\i \K/"kQmplImEnt/\k\p\B1\b complete.\p\B2\b form a complement to \3(the scarf complements her dress).\c \Bcomplemental\b \K/-"mEnt(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Icomplementum\i (as \J\Xcomplete\x)\j\c
<hw>complementarity</hw> \K/%kQmplImEn"tarIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b a complementary relationship or situation.\p\B2\b \IPhysics\i the concept that a single model may not be adequate to explain atomic systems in different experimental conditions.
<hw>complementary</hw> \K/kQmplI"mEnt(\F'\n)ri/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b completing; forming a complement.\p\B2\b (of two or more things) complementing each other. \Bcomplementarily\b \Iadv.\i \Bcomplementariness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>complementary angle</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMath\i either of two angles making up 90░.
<hw>complementary colour</hw>\p\In.\i\pa colour that, combined with a given colour, makes white or black.\Kcolour aaw Aug 92\k
<hw>complementary medicine</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMed.\i = \J\Xalternative medicine\x.\j\Knew in COD9 f. POD Aug 93\k
<hw>complete</hw> \K/k\F'\nm"pli:t/\k \Iadj. & v.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b having all its parts; entire \3(the set is complete).\c\p\B2\b finished \3(my task is complete).\c\p\B3\b of the maximum extent or degree \3(a complete surprise;\c \2a complete stranger).\c\p\B4\b (also \Bcompleat\b after Walton's \ICompleat Angler)\i \Iusu. joc.\i accomplished \3(the complete horseman).\c \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b finish.\p\B2\b \Ba\b make whole or perfect. \Bb\b make up the amount of \3(completes the quota).\c\p\B3\b fill in the answers to (a questionnaire etc.).\p\B4\b \I(usu. \Babsol.)\b\i \ILaw\i conclude (a sale of property).\p\1complete with\c having (as an important accessory) \3(comes complete with instructions).\c \Bcompletely\b \Iadv.\i \Bcompleteness\b\p\In.\i\p\Bcompletion\b \K/-"pli:S(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Icomplet\i or Latin \Icompletus,\i past part. of \Icomplere\i 'fill up'\c
<hw>completist</hw> \K/k\F'\nm"pli:tist/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\pan obsessive or indiscriminate collector. \Iadj.\i intent on completeness.\Knew in COD9 f. corpus, News Mar 94\k
<hw>complex</hw> \K/"kQmplEks/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IArchit\i a building, a series of rooms, a network, etc. made up of related parts \3(the arts complex).\c\p\B2\b \IPsychol.\i a related group of usu. repressed feelings or thoughts which cause abnormal behaviour or mental states \3(inferiority complex;\c \2Oedipus complex).\c\p\B3\b (in general use) a preoccupation or obsession \3(has a complex about punctuality).\c\p\B4\b \IChem.\i a compound in which molecules or ions form coordinate bonds to a metal atom or ion. \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b consisting of related parts; composite.\p\B2\b complicated \3(a complex problem).\c\p\B3\b \IMath.\i containing real and imaginary parts \I(cf.\i \J\Ximaginary\x).\j \Bcomplexity\b \K/k\F'\nm"plEksIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies).\b \Bcomplexly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icomplexe\i or Latin \Icomplexus,\i past part. of \Icomplectere\i 'embrace', associated with \Icomplexus\i 'plaited'\c
<hw>complexion</hw> \K/k\F'\nm"plEkS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the natural colour, texture, and appearance of the skin, esp. of the face.\p\B2\b an aspect; a character \3(puts a different complexion on the matter).\c \Bcomplexioned\b \Iadj.\i \I(in \Bcomb.).\b\i \BEtymology:\b \3originally = combination of supposed qualities determining the nature of a body: Middle English via Old French from Latin \Icomplexio -onis\i (as \J\Xcomplex\x)\j\c
<hw>complex sentence</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IGram\i a sentence containing a subordinate clause or clauses.
<hw>compliance</hw> \K/k\F'\nm"plVI\F'\nns/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or an instance of complying; obedience to a request, command, etc.\p\B2\b \IMech.\i \Ba\b the capacity to yield under an applied force. \Bb\b the degree of such yielding.\p\B3\b unworthy acquiescence.\p\1in compliance with\c according to (a wish, command, etc.).
<hw>compliant</hw> \K/k\F'\nm"plVI\F'\nnt/\k \Iadj.\i disposed to comply; yielding, obedient. \Bcompliantly\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>complicate</hw> \K/"kQmplIkeIt/\k \Iv.tr. & intr.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i make or become difficult, confused, intricate, or complex.\p\B2\b (as \Bcomplicated\b \Iadj.)\i complex; intricate. \Bcomplicatedly\b \Iadv.\i \Bcomplicatedness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icomplicare complicat-\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Iplicare\i 'fold')\c
<hw>complication</hw> \K/kQmplI"keIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b an involved or confused condition or state. \Bb\b a complicating circumstance; a difficulty.\p\B2\b \IMed.\i a secondary disease or condition aggravating a previous one. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icomplication\i or Late Latin \Icomplicatio\i (as \J\Xcomplicate\x)\j\c
<hw>complicity</hw> \K/k\F'\nm"plIsIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICriminol\i partnership in a crime or wrongdoing. \Bcomplicit\b \Iadj.\i\K-it new f. corpus, SOED Mar 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3\Icomplice\i (see \J\Xaccomplice\x)\j + \J\X-ity\x\j\c
<hw>compliment</hw> \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\K/"kQmplIm(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\B1\b \Ba\b a spoken or written expression of praise. \Bb\b an act or circumstance implying praise \3(their success was a compliment to their efforts).\c\p\B2\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \Ba\b formal greetings, esp. as a written accompaniment to a gift etc. \3(with the compliments of the management).\c \Bb\b praise \3(my compliments to the cook).\c \Iv.tr.\i \K/"kQmplImEnt/\k\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bon)\b\i congratulate; praise \3(complimented him on his roses).\c\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i present as a mark of courtesy \3(complimented her with his attention).\c\p\1pay a compliment to\c praise.\p\1return the compliment\c\p\B1\b give a compliment in return for another.\p\B2\b retaliate or recompense in kind. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icomplimenter\i from Italian \Icomplimento,\i ultimately from Latin \Icomplere\i 'fill up, fulfil' (the requirements of courtesy)\c
<hw>complimentary</hw> \K/kQmplI"mEnt(\F'\n)ri/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b expressing a compliment; praising.\p\B2\b (of a ticket for a play etc.) given free of charge, esp. as a mark of favour. \Bcomplimentarily\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>compliments of the season</hw> \In.pl.\i greetings appropriate to the time of year, esp. Christmas.
<hw>compliments slip</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Iesp. Brit.\i a printed slip of paper sent with a gift etc., esp. from a business firm.
<hw>compline</hw> \K/"kQmplIn/, /-VIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IEccl.\i the office of the seventh canonical hour of prayer, originally said at the end of the day. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Icomplie,\i fem. past part. of obsolete \Icomplir\i 'complete', ultimately from Latin \Icomplere\i 'fill up'\c
<hw>comply</hw> \K/k\F'\nm"plVI/\k \Iv.intr.\i \B(-ies,\b \B-ied)\b \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i act in accordance (with a wish, command, etc.) \3(complied with her conditions;\c \2had no choice but to comply).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Italian \Icomplire\i via Catalan \Icomplir,\i Spanish \Icumplir\i from Latin \Icomplere\i 'fill up'\c
<hw>compo (1)</hw> \K/"kQmp\F'\nU/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b \IArchit\i a composition of plaster etc., e.g. stucco. \Iadj.\i \BBrit.\b = \J\Xcomposite\x \Iadj.\i 1, 2.\j \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation\c
<hw>compo (2)</hw> \K/"kQmp\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\BAustral.\b & \BNZ\b \Islang\i compensation, esp. that paid for an industrial injury.\Knew f. SOED, correspondence Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation\c
<hw>component</hw> \K/k\F'\nm"p\F'\nUn\F'\nnt/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMotoring\i a part of a larger whole, esp. part of a motor vehicle.\p\B2\b \IMath.\i one of two or more vectors equivalent to a given vector. \Iadj.\i being part of a larger whole \3(assembled the component parts).\c \Bcomponential\b \K/kQmp\F'\n"nEnS(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icomponere component-\i \I(as\i \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Iponere\i 'put')\c
<hw>compo rations</hw> \In.pl.\i \BBrit.\b \IMil\i a large pack of food designed to last for several days. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xcompo\x (1)\j\c
<hw>compose</hw> \K/k\F'\nm"p\F'\nUz/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \Itr.\i construct or create (a work of art, esp. literature or music). \Bb\b \IMus\i \Iintr.\i compose music \3(gave up composing in 1917).\c\p\B2\b \Itr.\i constitute; make up \3(six tribes which composed the German nation).\c\p\B3\b \Itr.\i put together to form a whole, esp. artistically; order, arrange \3(composed the group for the photographer).\c\p\B4\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b \I(often \Brefl.)\b\i calm; settle \3(compose your expression;\c \2composed himself to wait).\c \Bb\b (as \Bcomposed\b \Iadj.)\i calm, settled.\p\B5\b \Itr.\i settle (a dispute etc.).\p\B6\b \Itr.\i \IPrinting\i \Ba\b set up (type) to form words and blocks of words. \Bb\b set up (a manuscript etc.) in type.\p\1composed of\c made up of; consisting of \3(a flock composed of sheep and goats).\c \Bcomposedly\b \K/-zIdli/\k \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icomposer\i from Latin \Icomponere\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Iponere\i 'put')\c In sense 2, \Icompose\i is preferable to \Icomprise\i (see Usage Note at \Icomprise).\i
<hw>composer</hw> \K/k\F'\nm"p\F'\nUz\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMus\i a person who composes (esp. music).
<hw>composite</hw> \K/"kQmp\F'\nzIt/\k \Iadj., n., & v.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b made up of various parts; blended.\p\B2\b (esp. of a synthetic building material) made up of recognizable constituents.\p\B3\b \B(Composite)\b \IArchit.\i of the fifth classical order of architecture, consisting of elements of the Ionic and Corinthian orders.\p\B4\b \IBot.\i of the plant family Compositae.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a thing made up of several parts or elements.\p\B2\b a synthetic building material.\p\B3\b \IBot.\i a plant of the family Compositae, having a head of many small flowers forming one bloom, e.g. the daisy, the dandelion.\p\B4\b \K/"kQmp\F'\nzVIt/\k \IPolit.\i a resolution composed of two or more related resolutions. \Iv.tr.\i \K/"kQmp\F'\nzVIt/\k \IPolit.\i amalgamate (two or more related resolutions). \Bcompositely\b \Iadv.\i \Bcompositeness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French from Latin \Icompositus,\i past part. of \Icomponere\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Iponere posit-\i 'put')\c
<hw>composition</hw> \K/kQmp\F'\n"zIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the act of putting together; formation or construction. \Bb\b something so composed; a mixture. \Bc\b the constitution of such a mixture; the nature of its ingredients \3(the composition is two parts oil to one part vinegar).\c\p\B2\b \ILiterature Mus\i \Ba\b a literary or musical work. \Bb\b the act or art of producing such a work. \Bc\b \IEducation\i an essay, esp. written by a schoolchild or student. \Bd\b \IArt etc.\i an artistic arrangement (of parts of a picture, subjects for a photograph, etc.).\p\B3\b mental constitution; character \3(jealousy is not in his composition).\c\p\B4\b \I(often \Battrib.)\b\i a compound artificial substance, esp. one serving the purpose of a natural one.\p\B5\b \IPrinting\i the setting-up of type.\p\B6\b \IGram.\i the formation of words into a compound word.\p\B7\b \ILaw\i \Ba\b a compromise, esp. a legal agreement to pay a sum in lieu of a larger sum, or other obligation \3(made a composition with his creditors).\c \Bb\b a sum paid in this way.\p\B8\b \IMath.\i the combination of functions in a series. \Bcompositional\b \Iadj.\i \Bcompositionally\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French, from Latin \Icompositio -onis\i (as \J\Xcomposite\x)\j\c
<hw>compositor</hw> \K/k\F'\nm"pQzIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPrinting\i a person who sets up type for printing. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Anglo-French \Icompositour\i from Latin \Icompositor\i (as \J\Xcomposite\x)\j\c
<hw>compos mentis</hw> \K/"mEntIs/\k \Iadj.\i \IPsychol\i having control of one's mind; sane. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin\c
<hw>compossible</hw> \K/k\F'\nm"pQsIb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i \Iformal\i able to coexist. \BEtymology:\b \3Old French from medieval Latin \Icompossibilis\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \J\Xpossible\x)\j\c
<hw>compost</hw> \K/"kQmpQst/\k \In. & v.\i \IAgriculture Hort\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b mixed manure, esp. of organic origin. \Bb\b a loam soil or other medium with added compost, used for growing plants.\p\B2\b a mixture of ingredients \3(a rich compost of lies and innuendo).\c \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b treat (soil) with compost.\p\B2\b make (manure, vegetable matter, etc.) into compost. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icomposte\i from Latin \Icompos(i)tum\i (as \J\Xcomposite\x)\j\c
<hw>compost heap</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcompost pile)\b \IHort\i a layered structure of garden refuse, soil, etc., which decays to become compost.
<hw>compote</hw> \K/"kQmp\F'\nUt/, /-Qt/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i fruit preserved or cooked in syrup. \BEtymology:\b \3French from Old French \Icomposte\i (as \J\Xcomposite\x)\j\c
<hw>compound (1)</hw> \In., adj., & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\K/"kQmpaUnd/\k\p\B1\b a mixture of two or more things, qualities, etc.\p\B2\b (also \Bcompound word)\b \IGram\i a word made up of two or more existing words.\p\B3\b \IChem.\i a substance formed from two or more elements chemically united in fixed proportions. \Iadj.\i \K/"kQmpaUnd/\k\p\B1\b \Ba\b made up of several ingredients. \Bb\b consisting of several parts.\p\B2\b combined; collective.\p\B3\b \IZool.\i \IAnat\i consisting of individual organisms.\p\B4\b \IBiol.\i \IAnat\i consisting of several or many parts.\p\Iv.\i\p\K/k\F'\nm"paUnd/\k\p\B1\b \Itr.\i mix or combine (ingredients, ideas, motives, etc.) \3(grief compounded with fear).\c\p\B2\b \Itr.\i increase or complicate (difficulties etc.) \3(anxiety compounded by discomfort).\c\p\B3\b \Itr.\i make up (a composite whole).\p\B4\b \Itr.\i \I(also \Babsol.)\b\i settle (a debt, dispute, etc.) by concession or special arrangement.\p\B5\b \Itr.\i \ILaw\i \Ba\b condone (a liability or offence) in exchange for money etc. \Bb\b forbear from prosecuting (a felony) from private motives.\p\B6\b \Iintr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bwith,\b \Bfor)\b\i \ILaw\i come to terms with a person, for forgoing a claim etc. for an offence.\p\B7\b \Itr.\i \IGram\i combine (words or elements) into a word. \Bcompoundable\b \K/k\F'\nm"paUnd\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English \Icompoun(e)\i via Old French \Icompondre\i from Latin \Icomponere\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Iponere\i 'put': \I-d\i as in \Iexpound)\i\c
<hw>compound (2)</hw> \K/"kQmpaUnd/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnthropol\i\p\B1\b a large open enclosure for housing workers etc., esp. miners in S. Africa.\p\B2\b an enclosure, esp. in India, China, etc., in which a factory or a house stands \I(cf.\i \J\Xkampong\x).\j\p\B3\b a large enclosed space in a prison or prison camp.\p\B4\b = \J\Xpound\x (3).\j \BEtymology:\b \3Portuguese \Icampon\i or Dutch \Ikampong,\i from Malay\c
<hw>compounder</hw> \K/k\F'\nm"paUnd\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPharm Agric\i a person who makes a compound of ingredients, e.g. drugs, animal feed.\Knew f. NSOED, Incomings Apr 94\k
<hw>compound eye</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool Anat\i an eye consisting of numerous visual units, as found in insects and crustaceans (cf. \J\Xsimple eye\x).\j
<hw>compound fracture</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a fracture in which a bone pierces the skin, causing a risk of infection.
<hw>compound interest</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i interest payable on both capital and the accumulated interest \I(cf.\i \J\Xsimple interest\x).\j
<hw>compound interval</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMus.\i an interval exceeding one octave.
<hw>compound leaf</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot Anat\i a leaf consisting of several or many leaflets.
<hw>compound sentence</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IGram\i a sentence with more than one subject or predicate.
<hw>compound time</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMus.\i a tempo with more than one group of simple time units in each bar.
<hw>comprador</hw> \K/kQmpr\F'\n"dO:/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcompradore)\b\p\B1\b \ICommerce\i \Ihist.\i a Chinese business agent of a foreign company.\p\B2\b \IPolit\i an agent of a foreign power. \BEtymology:\b \3Portuguese \Icomprador\i 'buyer', via Late Latin \Icomparator\i from Latin \Icomparare\i 'purchase'\c
<hw>comprehend</hw> \K/kQmprI"hEnd/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b grasp mentally; understand (a person or a thing).\p\B2\b include; take in. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Icomprehender\i or Latin \Icomprehendere comprehens-\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Iprehendere\i 'grasp')\c
<hw>comprehensible</hw> \K/kQmprI"hEnsIb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b that can be understood; intelligible.\p\B2\b that can be included or contained. \Bcomprehensibility\b \K/-"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bcomprehensibly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \IcomprΘhensible\i or Latin \Icomprehensibilis\i (as \J\Xcomprehend\x)\j\c
<hw>comprehension</hw> \K/kQmprI"hEnS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the act or capability of understanding, esp. writing or speech. \Bb\b \BBrit.\b \IEducation\i an extract from a text set as an examination, with questions designed to test understanding of it.\p\B2\b inclusion.\p\B3\b \IEccl.\i \Ihist.\i the inclusion of Nonconformists in the Anglican Church. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IcomprΘhension\i or Latin \Icomprehensio\i (as \J\Xcomprehensible\x)\j\c
<hw>comprehensive</hw> \K/kQmprI"hEnsIv/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b complete; including all or nearly all elements, aspects, etc. \3(a comprehensive grasp of the subject).\c\p\B2\b of or relating to understanding \3(the comprehensive faculty).\c\p\B3\b (of motor vehicle insurance) providing complete protection.\p\In.\i\p(in full \Bcomprehensive school)\b \BBrit.\b \IEducation\i a secondary school catering for children of all abilities from a given area. \Bcomprehensively\b \Iadv.\i \Bcomprehensiveness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \IcomprΘhensif -ive\i or Late Latin \Icomprehensivus\i (as \J\Xcomprehensible\x)\j\c
<hw>compress</hw> \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.tr.\i \K/k\F'\nm"prEs/\k\p\B1\b squeeze together.\p\B2\b bring into a smaller space or shorter extent.\p\In.\i\p\K/"kQmprEs/\k\IMed\i a pad of lint etc. pressed on to part of the body to relieve inflammation, stop bleeding, etc. \Bcompressible\b \K/k\F'\nm"prEsIb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Bcompressibility\b \K/-"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bcompressive\b \K/k\F'\nm"prEsIv/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Icompresser\i or Late Latin \Icompressare,\i frequentative of Latin \Icomprimere compress-\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Ipremere\i 'press')\c
<hw>compressed air</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i air at more than atmospheric pressure.
<hw>compression</hw> \K/k\F'\nm"prES(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act of compressing or being compressed.\p\B2\b \IMech\i the reduction in volume (causing an increase in pressure) of the fuel mixture in an internal-combustion engine before ignition. \BEtymology:\b \3French from Latin \Icompressio\i (as \J\Xcompress\x)\j\c
<hw>compression ratio</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMotoring\i the ratio of the maximum to minimum volume in the cylinder of an internal-combustion engine.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k
<hw>compressor</hw> \K/k\F'\nm"prEs\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMech Electr\i an instrument or device for compressing, esp. a machine used for increasing the pressure of air or other gases.
<hw>comprise</hw> \K/k\F'\nm"prVIz/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i consist of, be made up of; contain \3(the book comprises 350 pages).\c\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \Idisp.\i make up, compose \3(the essays comprise his total work).\c\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \I(in \Bpassive,\b foll. by \Bof)\b\i \Idisp.\i consist of \3(the army was comprised of volunteers).\c\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bof)\b\i \Idisp.\i consist of \3(the region comprises of three separate districts).\c \Bcomprisable\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from French, fem. past part. of \Icomprendre\i \J\Xcomprehend\x\j\c The use of \Icomprise\i in senses 2 and 3 is still regarded as non-standard by some people and its use in sense 4, formed on analogy with \Iconsist of,\i is especially frowned upon. More acceptable alternatives are \Iconsist of,\i \Ibe composed of,\i or simply \Icomprise\i without \Iof\i (as in sense 1).
<hw>compromise</hw> \K/"kQmpr\F'\nmVIz/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the settlement of a dispute by mutual concession \3(reached a compromise by bargaining).\c\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Bbetween)\b\i an intermediate state between conflicting opinions, actions, etc., reached by mutual concession or modification \3(a compromise between ideals and material necessity).\c\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \Iintr.\i settle a dispute by mutual concession \3(compromised over the terms).\c \Bb\b \Itr.\i \Iarchaic\i settle (a dispute) by mutual concession.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i bring into disrepute or danger esp. by indiscretion or folly. \Bcompromiser\b\p\In.\i\p\Bcompromisingly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icompromis\i from Late Latin \Icompromissum,\i neut. past part. of \Icompromittere\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Ipromittere\i \J\Xpromise\x)\j\c
\B\Icompte rendu\b\i \K/%kO~t rA~"dju:/, French /kO~t rA~dy/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B\Icomptes rendus\b\i \Ipronunc.\i same) a report; a review; a statement. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = account rendered\c
<hw>Comptometer</hw> \K/kQm(p)"tQmIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IMath\i \Ipropr.\i an early type of calculating machine. \BEtymology:\b \3apparently from French \Icompte\i \J\Xcount\x (1)\j + \J\X-meter\x\j\c
<hw>comptroller</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"tr\F'\nUl\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i a controller (used in the title of some financial officers) \3(Comptroller and Auditor General).\c \BEtymology:\b \3variant of \J\Xcontroller\x,\j by erroneous association with \J\Xcount\x (1),\j Late Latin \Icomputus\i\c
<hw>compulsion</hw> \K/k\F'\nm"pVlS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a constraint; an obligation.\p\B2\b \IPsychol.\i an irresistible urge to behave in a certain way, esp. against one's conscious wishes.\p\1under compulsion\c because one is compelled. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via French from Late Latin \Icompulsio -onis\i (as \J\Xcompel\x)\j\c
<hw>compulsive</hw> \K/k\F'\nm"pVlsIv/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b compelling.\p\B2\b resulting or acting from, or as if from, compulsion \3(a compulsive gambler).\c\p\B3\b \IPsychol.\i resulting or acting from compulsion against one's conscious wishes.\p\B4\b irresistible \3(compulsive viewing).\c \Bcompulsively\b \Iadv.\i \Bcompulsiveness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Icompulsivus\i (as \J\Xcompel\x)\j\c
<hw>compulsory</hw> \K/k\F'\nm"pVls(\F'\n)ri/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b required by law or a rule \3(it is compulsory to keep dogs on leads).\c\p\B2\b essential; necessary. \Bcompulsorily\b \Iadv.\i \Bcompulsoriness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Icompulsorius\i (as \J\Xcompel\x)\j\c
<hw>compulsory purchase</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ILaw\i the enforced purchase of land or property by a local authority etc., for public use.
<hw>compunction</hw> \K/k\F'\nm"pVNkS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(usu. with \Bneg.)\b\i\p\B1\b the pricking of the conscience; remorse.\p\B2\b slight regret; a scruple \3(without compunction;\c \2have no compunction in refusing him).\c \Bcompunctious\b \K/-S\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i \Bcompunctiously\b \K/-S\F'\nsli/\k \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icomponction\i and ecclesiastical Latin \Icompunctio -onis\i from Latin \Icompungere compunct-\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Ipungere\i 'prick')\c
<hw>compurgation</hw> \K/kQmp\F'\n:"geIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i \Ihist.\i an acquittal from a charge or accusation obtained by the oaths of witnesses. \Bcompurgatory\b \K/k\F'\nm"p\F'\n:g\F'\nt(\F'\n)ri/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Icompurgatio\i from Latin \Icompurgare\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Ipurgare\i 'purify')\c
<hw>compurgator</hw> \K/"kQmp\F'\n:geIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i \Ihist.\i a witness who swore to the innocence or good character of an accused person.
<hw>computation</hw> \K/kQmpjU"teIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or an instance of reckoning; calculation.\p\B2\b \IComputing\i the use of a computer.\p\B3\b a result obtained by calculation.\Knew as hwd in COD9 f. OEED Aug 93\k \Bcomputational\b \Iadj.\i \Bcomputationally\b \Iadv.\i\K-ally new in COD9 f. News Aug 93\k
<hw>compute</hw> \K/k\F'\nm"pju:t/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bthat\b + clause)\i reckon or calculate (a number, an amount, etc.).\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \IComputing\i make a reckoning, esp. using a computer. \Bcomputable\b \K/-"pju:t\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/, /"kQm-/\k \Iadj.\i \Bcomputability\b \K/-t\F'\n"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Icomputer\i or Latin \Icomputare\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Iputare\i 'reckon')\c
<hw>computer</hw> \K/k\F'\nm"pju:t\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IComputing\i\p\B1\b a usu. electronic device for storing and processing data (usu. in binary form), according to instructions given to it in a variable program.\p\B2\b a person who computes or makes calculations.
<hw>computerate</hw> \K/k\F'\nm"pju:t\F'\nr\F'\nt/\k \Iadj.\i \IComputing\i = \J\Xcomputer-literate\x.\j\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xcomputer\x\j + \J\X-ate\x (3),\j on the pattern of \J\Xliterate\x\j\c
<hw>computerize</hw> \K/k\F'\nm"pju:t\F'\nrVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b \IComputing\i\p\B1\b equip with a computer; install a computer in.\p\B2\b store, perform, or produce by computer. \Bcomputerization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>computer-literate</hw> \Iadj.\i \IComputing\i able to use computers; familiar with the operation of computers.
<hw>computer programmer</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IComputing\i a person who writes computer programs.\Knew in COD9 f. COD box; even US spelling is chiefly this Aug 93\k
<hw>computer science</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IComputing\i the study of the principles and use of computers.
<hw>computer virus</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IComputing\i a hidden code within a computer program intended to corrupt a system or destroy data stored in it.
<hw>comrade</hw> \K/"kQmreId/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b (also \Bcomrade-in-arms)\b \Ba\b (usu. of males) a workmate, friend, or companion. \Bb\b a fellow soldier etc.\p\B2\b \IPolit.\i a fellow socialist or communist (often as a form of address). \Bcomradely\b \Iadj.\i \Bcomradeship\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3earlier \Icama- camerade,\i via French \Icamerade,\i \Icamarade\i (originally fem.) and Spanish \Icamarada\i 'room-mate', from Latin \J\Xcamera\x\j\c
<hw>Comsat</hw> \K/"kQmsat/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAstronaut\i \Ipropr.\i a communication satellite. \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation\c
<hw>con (1)</hw> \K/kQn/\k \In. & v.\i \Islang\i\p\In.\i\pa confidence trick. \Iv.tr.\i \B(conned,\b \Bconning)\b swindle; deceive \3(conned him into thinking he had won).\c \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation\c
<hw>con (2)</hw> \K/kQn/\k \In., prep., & adv.\i\p\In.\i\p\I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i a reason against. \Iprep. & adv.\i against \I(cf.\i \J\Xpro\x (2)).\j \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icontra\i 'against'\c
<hw>con (3)</hw> \K/kQn/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICriminol\i \Islang\i a convict. \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation\c
<hw>con (4)</hw> \K/kQn/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(US\b \Bconn)\b \B(conned,\b \Bconning)\b \INaut.\i direct the steering of (a ship). \BEtymology:\b \3apparently weakened form of obsolete \Icond,\i \Icondie,\i via French \Iconduire,\i from Latin \Iconducere\i \J\Xconduct\x\j\c
<hw>con (5)</hw> \K/kQn/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(conned,\b \Bconning)\b \I(often foll. by \Bover)\b\i \Iarchaic\i study, learn by heart \3(conned his part well).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English \Icunn-,\i \Icon,\i forms of \J\Xcan\x (1)\j\c
<hw>con-</hw> \K/kQn/, /k\F'\nn/\k \Iprefix\i \Iassim. form of\i \J\Xcom-\x\j before \Ic,\i \Id,\i \If,\i \Ig,\i \Ij,\i \In,\i \Iq,\i \Is,\i \It,\i \Iv,\i and sometimes before vowels.
<hw>conacre</hw> \K/"kQneIk\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BIr.\b \IAgriculture Econ\i the letting by a tenant of small portions of land prepared for crops or grazing. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xcorn\x (1)\j + \J\Xacre\x\j\c
\B\Icon amore\b\i \K/%kQn a"mO:reI/, Italian /kOn a"mo:rE/\k \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b with devotion or zeal.\p\B2\b \IMus.\i tenderly. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian, = with love\c
<hw>conation</hw> \K/k\F'\n"neIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhilos.\i & \IPsychol.\i\p\B1\b the desire to perform an action.\p\B2\b voluntary action; volition. \Bconative\b \K/"kQn\F'\ntIv/, /"k\F'\nU-/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iconatio\i from \Iconari\i 'try'\c
<hw>con brio</hw> \K/kQn "bri:\F'\nU/\k \Iadv.\i \IMus.\i with vigour. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian\c
<hw>concatenate</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"katIneIt/\k \Iv. & adj.\i \Iv.tr.\i link together (a chain of events, things, etc.). \Iadj.\i joined; linked. \Bconcatenation\b \K/-"neIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Iconcatenare\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Icatenare\i from \Icatena\i 'chain')\c
<hw>concave</hw> \K/"kQnkeIv/\k \Iadj.\i \IGeom Physics\i having an outline or surface curved like the interior of a circle or sphere \I(cf.\i \J\Xconvex\x).\j \Bconcavely\b \Iadv.\i \Bconcavity\b \K/-"kavIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iconcavus\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Icavus\i 'hollow'), or through French \Iconcave\i\c
<hw>conceal</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"si:l/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bfrom)\b\i keep secret \3(concealed her motive from him).\c\p\B2\b not allow to be seen; hide \3(concealed the letter in her pocket).\c \Bconcealer\b\p\In.\i\p\Bconcealment\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iconceler\i from Latin \Iconcelare\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Icelare\i 'hide')\c
<hw>concede</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"si:d/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \I(often foll. by \Bthat\b + clause)\i admit (a defeat etc.) to be true \3(conceded that his work was inadequate).\c \Bb\b admit defeat in.\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i grant, yield, or surrender (a right, a privilege, points or a start in a game, etc.).\p\B3\b \ISport\i fail to prevent an opponent from scoring (a goal) or winning (a match), etc. \Bconceder\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \IconcΘder\i or Latin \Iconcedere concess-\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Icedere\i 'yield')\c
<hw>conceit</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"si:t/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b personal vanity; pride.\p\B2\b \Iliterary\i \Ba\b a far-fetched comparison, esp. as a stylistic affectation; a convoluted or unlikely metaphor. \Bb\b a fanciful notion. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from \J\Xconceive\x,\j influenced by \Ideceit,\i \Ideceive,\i etc.\c
<hw>conceited</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"si:tId/\k \Iadj.\i vain, proud. \Bconceitedly\b \Iadv.\i \Bconceitedness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>conceivable</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"si:v\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i capable of being grasped or imagined; understandable. \Bconceivability\b \K/-"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bconceivably\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>conceive</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"si:v/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \IMed\i become pregnant.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \IMed\i become pregnant with (a child).\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bthat\b + clause)\i \Ba\b imagine, fancy, think \3(can't conceive that he could be guilty).\c \Bb\b \I(usu. in \Bpassive)\b\i formulate, express (a belief, a plan, etc.).\p\Bconceive of\b form in the mind; imagine. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iconceiv-,\i stressed stem of \Iconcevoir,\i from Latin \Iconcipere concept-\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Icapere\i 'take')\c
<hw>concelebrate</hw> \K/kQn"sElIbreIt/\k \Iv.intr.\i \IRelig\i\p\B1\b (of priests) celebrate the Mass together.\p\B2\b (esp. of a newly ordained priest) celebrate the Mass with the ordaining bishop. \Bconcelebrant\b \K/-br(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bconcelebration\b \K/-"breIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iconcelebrare\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Icelebrare\i \J\Xcelebrate\x)\j\c
<hw>concentrate</hw> \K/"kQns(\F'\n)ntreIt/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bon,\b \Bupon)\b\i focus all one's attention or mental ability.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i bring together (troops, power, attention, etc.) to one point; focus.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \IChem\i increase the strength of (a solution etc.) by removing water or other diluting agent.\p\B4\b \Itr.\i (as \Bconcentrated\b \Iadj.)\i (of hate etc.) intense, strong.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IChem\i a concentrated substance.\p\B2\b \IFood\i a concentrated form of esp. food. \Bconcentratedly\b \Iadv.\i \Bconcentrative\b \Iadj.\i \Bconcentrator\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3from earlier \Iconcentre\i or its source, French \Iconcentrer\i (as \J\Xcon-\x\j + \J\Xcentre\x)\j\c
<hw>concentration</hw> \K/kQns(\F'\n)n"treIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or power of focusing one's attention or mental ability \3(needs to develop concentration;\c \2broke my concentration).\c\p\B2\b the act of gathering or bringing together.\p\B3\b something so gathered \3(a concentration of resources).\c\p\B4\b \IChem.\i \Ba\b the act of strengthening a solution by the removal of solvent. \Bb\b the strength of a solution, esp. the amount of solute per unit volume of solution.
<hw>concentration camp</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMil Polit\i a camp for the detention of political prisoners, internees, etc., esp. in Nazi Germany.
<hw>concentre</hw> \K/kQn"sEnt\F'\n/\k \Iv.tr. & intr.\i \B(US\b \Bconcenter)\b bring or come to a common centre. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iconcentrer:\i see \J\Xconcentrate\x\j\c
<hw>concentric</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"sEntrIk/\k \Iadj.\i \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i \IMath etc.\i (esp. of circles) having a common centre \I(cf.\i \J\Xeccentric\x \Iadj.\i 2a).\j \Bconcentrically\b \Iadv.\i \Bconcentricity\b \K/kQnsEn"trIsIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iconcentrique\i or medieval Latin \Iconcentricus\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \J\Xcentre\x)\j\c
<hw>concept</hw> \K/"kQnsEpt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a general notion; an abstract idea \3(the concept of evolution).\c\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i an idea or invention to help sell or publicize a commodity \3(a new concept in swimwear).\c\p\B3\b \IPhilos.\i an idea or mental picture of a group or class of objects formed by combining all their aspects. \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Iconceptus\i from \Iconcept-:\i see \J\Xconceive\x\j\c
<hw>conception</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"sEpS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or an instance of conceiving; the process of being conceived.\p\B2\b an idea or plan, esp. as being new or daring \3(the whole conception showed originality).\c\p\B3\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bof)\b\i understanding; ability to imagine \3(has no conception of what it entails).\c \Bconceptional\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Iconceptio -onis\i (as \J\Xconcept\x)\j\c
<hw>conceptual</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"sEptjU\F'\nl/\k \Iadj.\i of mental conceptions or concepts. \Bconceptually\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Iconceptualis\i from \Iconceptus\i (as \J\Xconcept\x)\j\c
<hw>conceptualism</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"sEptjU\F'\nlIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhilos.\i the theory that universals exist, but only as concepts in the mind. \Bconceptualist\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>conceptualize</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"sEptjU\F'\nlVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b form a concept or idea of. \Bconceptualization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>conceptus</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"sEpt\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiol.\i the product of conception in the womb, esp. the embryo in the early stages of pregnancy.\Knew f. SOED Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = conception, embryo\c
<hw>concern</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"s\F'\n:n/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b be relevant or important to \3(this concerns you).\c \Bb\b relate to; be about.\p\B2\b \I(usu. \Brefl.;\b\i \Ioften foll. by \Bwith,\b \Bin,\b \Babout,\b or \Bto\b + infin.)\i interest or involve oneself \3(don't concern yourself with my problems).\c\p\B3\b worry, affect \3(it concerns me that he is always late).\c\p\In.\i\p\B1\b anxiety, worry \3(felt a deep concern).\c\p\B2\b \Ba\b a matter of interest or importance to one \3(no concern of mine).\c \Bb\b \I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i affairs; private business \3(chatted about departmental concerns).\c\p\B3\b a business; a firm \3(quite a prosperous concern).\c\p\B4\b \Icolloq.\i a complicated or awkward thing \3(have lost the whole concern).\c\p\1have a concern in\c have an interest or share in.\p\1have no concern with\c have nothing to do with.\p\1to whom it may concern\c to those who have a proper interest in the matter (as an address to the reader of a testimonial, reference, etc.). \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iconcerner\i or Late Latin \Iconcernere\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Icernere\i 'sift, discern')\c
<hw>concerned</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"s\F'\n:nd/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b involved, interested \3(the people concerned;\c \2concerned with proving his innocence).\c\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Bthat,\b \Babout,\b \Bat,\b \Bfor,\b or \Bto\b + infin.)\i troubled, anxious \3(concerned about him;\c \2concerned to hear that).\c\p\1as (or so) far as I am concerned\c as regards my interests.\p\1be concerned\c \I(often foll. by \Bin)\b\i take part.\p\1I am not concerned\c it is not my business. \Bconcernedly\b \K/-"s\F'\n:nIdli/\k \Iadv.\i \Bconcernedness\b \K/-"s\F'\n:nIdnIs/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>concernment</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"s\F'\n:nm(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\Iformal\i\p\B1\b an affair or business.\p\B2\b importance.\p\B3\b \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i a state of being concerned; anxiety.
<hw>concert</hw> \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\K/"kQns\F'\nt/\k\p\B1\b \IMus\i a musical performance of usu. several separate compositions.\p\B2\b agreement, accordance, harmony.\p\B3\b a combination of voices or sounds. \Iv.tr.\i \K/k\F'\nn"s\F'\n:t/\k arrange (by mutual agreement or coordination).\p\1in concert\c\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i acting jointly and accordantly.\p\B2\b \I\B(predic.)\b\i \IMus\i (of a musician) in a performance. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iconcert\i \I(n.),\i \Iconcerter\i \I(v.)\i from Italian \Iconcertare\i 'harmonize'\c
<hw>concertante</hw> \K/kQntS\F'\n"tanti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bconcertanti\b \Ipronunc.\i same) \I(often \Battrib.)\b\i \IMus.\i\p\B1\b a piece of music containing one or more solo parts (usu. of less prominence or weight than in a concerto).\p\B2\b \Ihist.\i those instrumental parts that are present throughout a piece of music.\Knew f. SOED, corpus Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Italian\c
<hw>concerted</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"s\F'\n:tId/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b combined together; jointly arranged or planned \3(a concerted effort).\c\p\B2\b \IMus.\i arranged in parts for voices or instruments.
<hw>concert-goer</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMus\i a person who often goes to concerts.
<hw>concert grand</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMus\i the largest size of grand piano, used for concerts.
<hw>concert hall</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMus\i a hall for the public performance of concerts.\Knew f. SOED, corpus Sep 93\k
<hw>concertina</hw> \K/kQns\F'\n"ti:n\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\IMus\i a musical instrument, usu. polygonal in form, held in the hands and stretched and squeezed like bellows, having reeds and a set of buttons at each end to control the valves. \Iv.tr. & intr.\i \B(concertinas,\b \Bconcertinaed\b \K/-n\F'\nd/\k or \Bconcertina'd,\b \Bconcertinaing\b \K/-n\F'\n(r)IN/\k) compress or collapse in folds like those of a concertina \3(the car concertinaed into the bridge).\c \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xconcert\x\j + \J\X-ina\x\j\c
<hw>concertino</hw> \K/kQntS\F'\n"ti:n\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b \IMus.\i\p\B1\b a simple or short concerto.\p\B2\b a solo instrument or solo instruments playing in a concerto. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian, diminutive of \J\Xconcerto\x\j\c
<hw>concert master</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Besp. N. Amer.\b \IMus\i the leading first-violin player in some orchestras.
<hw>concerto</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"tS\F'\n:t\F'\nU/, /-"tSE:t\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os\b or \Bconcerti\b \K/-ti/\k) \IMus.\i a composition for a solo instrument or instruments accompanied by an orchestra. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian (see \J\Xconcert\x)\j\c
<hw>concerto grosso</hw> \K/"grQs\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bconcerti grossi\b \K/-si/\k) \IMus.\i a composition for a group of solo instruments accompanied by an orchestra. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xconcerto\x\j + \Igrosso\i 'big'\c
<hw>concert overture</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMus.\i a piece like an overture but intended for independent performance.
<hw>concert performance</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IMus.\i a performance (of an opera etc.) without scenery, costumes, or action.
<hw>concert pianist</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMus\i a classical pianist who regularly works as a soloist in concert performances.\Knew in COD9 f. COD box AUg 93\k
<hw>concert pitch</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMus.\i the standard pitch, internationally agreed in 1960, whereby the A above middle C = 440 Hz.\p\B2\b a state of unusual readiness, efficiency, and keenness (for action etc.).
<hw>concession</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"sES(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the act or an instance of conceding something asked or required \3(made the concession that we were right).\c \Bb\b a thing conceded.\p\B2\b a reduction in price for a certain category of person.\p\B3\b \ICommerce\i \Ba\b the right to use land or other property, granted esp. by a government or local authority, esp. for a specific use. \Bb\b the right, given by a company, to sell goods, esp. in a particular territory. \Bc\b the land or property used or given. \Bconcessional\b \Iadj.\i \Bconcessionary\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iconcession\i from Latin \Iconcessio\i (as \J\Xconcede\x)\j\c
<hw>concessionaire</hw> \K/k\F'\nnsES\F'\n"nE:/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bconcessionnaire)\b \ICommerce\i the holder of a concession or grant, esp. for the use of land or trading rights. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iconcessionnaire\i (as \J\Xconcession\x)\j\c
<hw>concessive</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"sEsIv/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of or tending to concession.\p\B2\b \IGram.\i \Ba\b (of a preposition or conjunction) introducing a phrase or clause which might be expected to preclude the action of the main clause, but does not (e.g. \Iin spite of,\i \Ialthough).\i \Bb\b (of a phrase or clause) introduced by a concessive preposition or conjunction. \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Iconcessivus\i (as \J\Xconcede\x)\j\c
<hw>conch</hw> \K/kQNk/, /kQn(t)S/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bconchs\b \K/kQNks/\k or \Bconches\b \K/"kQntSIz/\k)\p\B1\b \IZool\i \Ba\b a thick heavy spiral shell, occasionally bearing long projections, of various marine gastropod molluscs of the family Strombidae. \Bb\b any of these gastropods.\p\B2\b \IArchit.\i the domed roof of a semicircular apse.\p\B3\b \IAnat\i = \J\Xconcha\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iconcha\i 'shell', from Greek \Ikogkhe\i\c
<hw>concha</hw> \K/"kQNk\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bconchae\b \K/-ki:/\k) \IAnat.\i a part resembling a shell, esp. the depression in the external ear leading to its central cavity. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin: see \J\Xconch\x\j\c
<hw>conchoidal</hw> \K/kQN"kOId(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \IMineral.\i (of a solid fracture etc.) resembling the surface of a bivalve shell.
<hw>conchology</hw> \K/kQN"kQl\F'\ndZi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool.\i the scientific study of molluscs and their shells. \Bconchological\b \K/-k\F'\n"lQdZIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Bconchologist\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ikogkhe\i 'shell' + \J\X-logy\x\j\c
<hw>conchy</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xconchie\x.\j
<hw>concierge</hw> \K/"kQnsIE:Z/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b (esp. in France) a doorkeeper or porter of a block of flats etc.\p\B2\b a person in a hotel employed to assist guests by booking tours, making reservations, etc.\Ksense 2 new f. F. Abate, corpus, Inc., Oct 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3French, probably ultimately from Latin \Iconservus\i 'fellow slave'\c
<hw>conciliar</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"sIlI\F'\n/\k \Iadj.\i \IRelig\i of or concerning a council, esp. an ecclesiastical council. \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Iconsiliarius\i 'counsellor'\c
<hw>conciliate</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"sIlIeIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b make calm and amenable; pacify.\p\B2\b gain (esteem or goodwill).\p\B3\b \Iarchaic\i reconcile, make compatible. \Bconciliative\b \K/-"sIlI\F'\ntIv/\k \Iadj.\i \Bconciliator\b\p\In.\i\p\Bconciliatory\b \K/-"sIlI\F'\nt(\F'\n)ri/\k \Iadj.\i \Bconciliatoriness\b \K/-"sIlI\F'\nt(\F'\n)rInIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iconciliare\i 'combine, gain' from \Iconcilium:\i see \J\Xcouncil\x\j\c
<hw>conciliation</hw> \K/k\F'\nnsIlI"eIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\pthe use of conciliating measures; reconcilement. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iconciliatio\i (as \J\Xconciliate\x)\j\c
<hw>concinnity</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"sInIti/\k\p\In.\i\pelegance or neatness of literary style.\Kconcinnous omitted Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iconcinnitas\i from \Iconcinnus\i 'well-adjusted'\c
<hw>concise</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"sVIs/\k \Iadj.\i (of speech, writing, style, or a person) brief but comprehensive in expression. \Bconcisely\b \Iadv.\i \Bconciseness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Iconcis\i or Latin \Iconcisus,\i past part. of \Iconcidere\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Icaedere\i 'cut')\c
<hw>concision</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"sIZ(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p(esp. of literary style) the quality of state of being concise; conciseness. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Iconcisio\i (as \J\Xconcise\x)\j\c
<hw>conclave</hw> \K/"kQNkleIv/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a private meeting.\p\B2\b \IRC Ch.\i \Ba\b the assembly of cardinals for the election of a pope. \Bb\b the meeting place for a conclave. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Iconclave\i 'lockable room' (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Iclavis\i 'key')\c
<hw>conclude</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"klu:d/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr. & intr.\i bring or come to an end.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bfrom,\b or \Bthat\b + clause)\i infer (from given premisses) \3(what did you conclude?;\c \2concluded from the evidence that he had been mistaken).\c\p\B3\b \Itr.\i settle, arrange (a treaty etc.).\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bto\b + infin.)\i \Besp. US\b decide. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Iconcludere\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Iclaudere\i 'shut')\c
<hw>conclusion</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"klu:Z(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a final result; a termination.\p\B2\b a judgement reached by reasoning.\p\B3\b the summing-up of an argument, article, book, etc.\p\B4\b a settling; an arrangement \3(the conclusion of peace).\c\p\B5\b \ILogic\i a proposition that is reached from given premisses, esp. the third and last part of a syllogism.\p\1in conclusion\c lastly, to conclude.\p\1try conclusions with\c engage in a trial of skill etc. with. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iconclusion\i or Latin \Iconclusio\i (as \J\Xconclude\x)\j\c
<hw>concoct</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"kQkt/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b make by mixing ingredients \3(concocted a stew).\c\p\B2\b invent (a story, a lie, etc.). \Bconcocter\b\p\In.\i\p\Bconcoction\b \K/-"kQkS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bconcoctor\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iconcoquere concoct-\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Icoquere\i 'cook')\c
<hw>concomitance</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"kQmIt(\F'\n)ns/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bconcomitancy\b \K/-(\F'\n)nsi/\k)\p\B1\b coexistence.\p\B2\b \ITheol.\i the doctrine of the coexistence of the body and blood of Christ both in the bread and in the wine of the Eucharist. \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Iconcomitantia\i (as \J\Xconcomitant\x)\j\c
<hw>concomitant</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"kQmIt(\F'\n)nt/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i going together; associated \3(concomitant circumstances).\c\p\In.\i\pan accompanying thing. \Bconcomitantly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Iconcomitari\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Icomitari\i from Latin \Icomes -mitis\i 'companion')\c
<hw>concord</hw> \K/"kQNkO:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b agreement or harmony between people or things.\p\B2\b a treaty.\p\B3\b \IMus.\i a chord that is pleasing or satisfactory in itself.\p\B4\b \IGram.\i agreement between words in gender, number, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iconcorde\i from Latin \Iconcordia,\i from \Iconcors\i 'of one mind' (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Icors\i from \Icor cordis\i 'heart')\c
<hw>concordance</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"kO:d(\F'\n)ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b agreement.\p\B2\b \ILinguistics\i a book containing an alphabetical list of the important words used in a book or by an author, usu. with citations of the passages concerned. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from medieval Latin \Iconcordantia\i (as \J\Xconcordant\x)\j\c
<hw>concordant</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"kO:d(\F'\n)nt/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i agreeing, harmonious.\p\B2\b \IMus.\i in harmony. \Bconcordantly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Iconcordare,\i from \Iconcors\i (as \J\Xconcord\x)\j\c
<hw>concordat</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"kO:dat/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i an agreement, esp. between the Roman Catholic Church and a state. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iconcordat\i or Latin \Iconcordatum,\i neut. past part. of \Iconcordare\i (as \J\Xconcordance\x)\j\c
<hw>concourse</hw> \K/"kQNkO:s/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a crowd.\p\B2\b a coming together; a gathering \3(a concourse of ideas).\c\p\B3\b an open central area in a large public building, a railway station, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iconcours\i from Latin \Iconcursus\i (as \J\Xconcur\x)\j\c
<hw>concrescence</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"krEs(\F'\n)ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiol.\i coalescence; growing together. \Bconcrescent\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xcon-\x,\j on the pattern of \Iexcrescence\i etc.\c
<hw>concrete</hw> \Iadj., n., & v.\i \Iadj.\i \K/"kQNkri:t/\k\p\B1\b \Ba\b existing in a material form; real. \Bb\b specific, definite \3(concrete evidence;\c \2a concrete proposal).\c\p\B2\b \IGram.\i (of a noun) denoting a material object as opposed to an abstract quality, state, or action.\p\In.\i\p\K/"kQNkri:t/\k \I(often \Battrib.)\b\i \IBuilding\i a composition of gravel, sand, cement, and water, used for building.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \K/"kQNkri:t/\k\IBuilding\i \Ba\b cover with concrete. \Bb\b embed in concrete.\p\B2\b \K/k\F'\nn"kri:t/\k \Ba\b \Itr. & intr.\i form into a mass; solidify. \Bb\b \Itr.\i make concrete instead of abstract.\p\1in the concrete\c in reality or in practice. \Bconcretely\b \Iadv.\i \Bconcreteness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Iconcret\i or Latin \Iconcretus,\i past part. of \Iconcrescere\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Icrescere cret-\i 'grow')\c
<hw>concrete mixer</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBuilding\i a machine, usu. with a revolving drum, used for mixing concrete.
<hw>concrete poetry</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IProsody\i poetry in which part of the meaning is conveyed visually, by means of patterns of words or letters and other typographical devices.
<hw>concretion</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"kri:S(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a hard solid concreted mass. \Bb\b the forming of this by coalescence.\p\B2\b \IMed.\i a stony mass formed within the body.\p\B3\b \IGeol.\i a small round mass of rock particles embedded in limestone or clay. \Bconcretionary\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French, from Latin \Iconcretio\i (as \J\Xconcrete\x)\j\c
<hw>concretize</hw> \K/"kQNkrItVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b make concrete instead of abstract. \Bconcretization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>concubinage</hw> \K/kQn"kju:bInIdZ/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISociol\i\p\B1\b the cohabitation of a man and woman not married to each other.\p\B2\b the state of being or having a concubine. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from French (as \J\Xconcubine\x)\j\c
<hw>concubine</hw> \K/"kQNkjUbVIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISociol\i\p\B1\b a woman who cohabits with a man without being his wife.\p\B2\b (in polygamous societies) a secondary wife. \Bconcubinary\b \K/k\F'\nn"kju:bIn(\F'\n)ri/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Iconcubina\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Icubina\i from \Icubare\i 'lie')\c
<hw>concupiscence</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"kju:pIs(\F'\n)ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\Iformal\i \ISex\i sexual desire. \Bconcupiscent\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French and Late Latin \Iconcupiscentia\i from Latin \Iconcupiscere\i 'begin to desire' (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j inceptive of \Icupere\i 'desire')\c
<hw>concur</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"k\F'\n:/\k \Iv.intr.\i \B(concurred,\b \Bconcurring)\b\p\B1\b happen together; coincide.\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i \Ba\b agree in opinion. \Bb\b express agreement.\p\B3\b combine together for a cause; act in combination. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iconcurrere\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Icurrere\i 'run')\c
<hw>concurrent</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"kVr(\F'\n)nt/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i \Ba\b existing or in operation at the same time \3(served two concurrent sentences).\c \Bb\b existing or acting together.\p\B2\b \IGeom.\i (of three or more lines) meeting at or tending towards one point.\p\B3\b agreeing, harmonious. \Bconcurrence\b\p\In.\i\p\Bconcurrently\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>concuss</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"kVs/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \IMed\i subject to concussion.\p\B2\b shake violently.\p\B3\b \Iarchaic\i intimidate. \Bconcussive\b \Iadj.\i\Kadj. new f. OERD, incomings Aug 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iconcutere concuss-\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Icutere\i = \Iquatere\i 'shake')\c
<hw>concussion</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"kVS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMed.\i temporary unconsciousness or incapacity due to a blow on the head.\p\B2\b violent shaking; shock. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iconcussio\i (as \J\Xconcuss\x)\j\c
<hw>condemn</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"dEm/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b express utter disapproval of; censure \3(was condemned for his irresponsible behaviour).\c\p\B2\b \ILaw\i \Ba\b find guilty; convict. \Bb\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bto)\b\i sentence to (a punishment, esp. death). \Bc\b bring about the conviction of \3(his looks condemn him).\c\p\B3\b pronounce (a building etc.) unfit for use or habitation.\p\B4\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bto)\b\i doom or assign (to something unwelcome or painful) \3(condemned to spending hours at the kitchen sink).\c\p\B5\b declare (smuggled goods, property, etc.) to be forfeited.\Kpronounce incurable omitted oct 94\k \Bcondemnable\b \K/-"dEmn\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Bcondemnation\b \K/kQndEm"neIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bcondemnatory\b \K/-"dEmn\F'\nt(\F'\n)ri/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icondem(p)ner\i from Latin \Icondemnare\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Idamnare\i \J\Xdamn\x)\j\c
<hw>condemned cell</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ICriminol\i a cell for a prisoner condemned to death.
<hw>condensate</hw> \K/"kQnd(\F'\n)nseIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i a substance produced by condensation.
<hw>condensation</hw> \K/kQndEn"seIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act of condensing.\p\B2\b any condensed material (esp. water on a cold surface).\p\B3\b an abridgement.\p\B4\b \IChem.\i the combination of molecules with the elimination of water or other small molecules. \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Icondensatio\i (as \J\Xcondense\x)\j\c
<hw>condense</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"dEns/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i make denser or more concentrated.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i express in fewer words; make concise.\p\B3\b \Itr. & intr.\i \IChem\i reduce or be reduced from a gas or vapour to a liquid (or occasionally a solid). \Bcondensable\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icondenser\i or Latin \Icondensare\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Idensus\i 'thick')\c
<hw>condensed milk</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IFood\i milk thickened by evaporation and sweetened.
<hw>condenser</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"dEns\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IChem\i an apparatus or vessel for condensing vapour.\p\B2\b \IElectr.\i = \J\Xcapacitor\x.\j\p\B3\b \IOptics\i a lens or system of lenses for concentrating light.\p\B4\b a person or thing that condenses.
<hw>condescend</hw> \K/kQndI"sEnd/\k \Iv.intr.\i\p\B1\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bto\b + infin.)\i \Ioften iron.\i be gracious enough (to do a thing that one regards as undignified or below one's level of importance) \3(condescended to speak to me in the street).\c\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bto)\b\i \Iderog.\i behave as if one is on equal terms with (a person), while maintaining an overt attitude of superiority \3(condescends to the junior staff).\c\p\B3\b (as \Bcondescending\b \Iadj.)\i patronizing; superciliously kind. \Bcondescendingly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icondescendre\i from ecclesiastical Latin \Icondescendere\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \J\Xdescend\x)\j\c
<hw>condescension</hw> \K/kQndI"sEnS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a patronizing manner.\p\B2\b affability towards inferiors. \BEtymology:\b \3obsolete French from ecclesiastical Latin \Icondescensio\i (as \J\Xcondescend\x)\j\c
<hw>condign</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"dVIn/\k \Iadj.\i (of a punishment etc.) severe and well-deserved. \Bcondignly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icondigne\i from Latin \Icondignus\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Idignus\i 'worthy')\c
<hw>condiment</hw> \K/"kQndIm(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFood\i a seasoning or relish for food. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Icondimentum,\i from \Icondire\i 'pickle'\c
<hw>condition</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"dIS(\F'\n)n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a stipulation; something upon the fulfilment of which something else depends.\p\B2\b \IMed\i \Ba\b the state of being or fitness of a person or thing \3(arrived in bad condition;\c \2not in a condition to be used).\c \Bb\b an ailment or abnormality \3(a heart condition).\c\p\B3\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i circumstances, esp. those affecting the functioning or existence of something \3(working conditions are good).\c\p\B4\b \Iarchaic\i social rank \3(all sorts and conditions of men).\c\p\B5\b \IGram.\i a conditional clause.\p\B6\b \BUS\b \Ba\b \IEducation\i a requirement that a student must pass an examination etc. within a stated time to receive credit for a course. \Bb\b an unsatisfactory grade indicating this requirement.\Ksense 6b new as part of revision of 6a, Frank Abate, Nov 94\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b bring into a good or desired state or condition. \Bb\b make fit (esp. dogs or horses).\p\B2\b \IPsychol\i teach or accustom to adopt certain habits etc. \3(conditioned by society).\c\p\B3\b govern, determine \3(his behaviour was conditioned by his drunkenness).\c\p\B4\b \Ba\b impose conditions on. \Bb\b be essential to \3(the two things condition each other).\c\p\B5\b \ITextiles etc.\i test the condition of (textiles etc.).\p\B6\b \BUS\b \IEducation\i subject (a student) to a condition.\p\1in (or out of) condition\c in good (or bad) condition.\p\1in no condition to\c certainly not fit to.\p\1on condition that\c with the stipulation that. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icondicion\i \I(n.),\i \Icondicionner\i \I(v.)\i or medieval Latin \Icondicionare\i from Latin \Icondicio -onis,\i from \Icondicere\i 'agree upon' (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Idicere\i 'say')\c
<hw>conditional</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"dIS(\F'\n)n(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bon)\b\i dependent; not absolute; containing a condition or stipulation \3(a conditional offer).\c\p\B2\b \IGram.\i (of a clause, mood, etc.) expressing a condition.\p\In.\i\p\IGram.\i\p\B1\b a conditional clause etc.\p\B2\b the conditional mood. \Bconditionality\b \K/-"nalIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bconditionally\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Icondicionel\i or from Late Latin \Iconditionalis\i (as \J\Xcondition\x)\j\c
<hw>conditional discharge</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i an order made by a criminal court whereby an offender will not be sentenced for an offence unless a further offence is committed within a stated period.
<hw>conditioned reflex</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPsychol\i a reflex response to a non-natural stimulus, established by training.
<hw>conditioner</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"dIS(\F'\n)n\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IHairdressing\i an agent that brings something into better condition, esp. a substance applied to the hair.
<hw>condolatory</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"d\F'\nUl\F'\nt(\F'\n)ri/\k \Iadj.\i expressing condolence. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xcondole\x,\j on the pattern of \Iconsolatory\i etc.\c
<hw>condole</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"d\F'\nUl/\k \Iv.intr.\i \I(foll. by \Bwith)\b\i express sympathy with (a person) over a loss, grief, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Icondolere\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Idolere\i 'suffer')\c \ICondole\i is often confused with \Iconsole\i (see \J\Xconsole\x (1)).\j \ICondole\i 'to express sympathy' is always followed by \Iwith,\i e.g. \IThey condoled with him over the death of his brother.\i It is less common than \Iconsole\i 'to comfort', which is followed by a direct object, e.g. \IThey consoled him after the death of his brother.\i
<hw>condolence</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"d\F'\nUl(\F'\n)ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(often in \Bpl.)\b\i an expression of sympathy \3(sent my condolences).\c
<hw>condom</hw> \K/"kQnd\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a rubber sheath worn on the penis or (usu. \Bfemale condom)\b in the vagina during sexual intercourse as a contraceptive or to prevent infection. \BEtymology:\b \318th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>condominium</hw> \K/kQnd\F'\n"mInI\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPolit\i the joint control of a state's affairs by other states.\p\B2\b \BN. Amer.\b \IArchit\i \Ba\b a building containing flats, or an area of land containing a complex of houses, which are individually owned. \Bb\b such a flat or house.\Ksense 2b new f. SOED Jun 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Idominium\i \J\Xdominion\x)\j\c
<hw>condone</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"d\F'\nUn/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b forgive or overlook (an offence or wrongdoing).\p\B2\b approve or sanction, usu. reluctantly.\p\B3\b (of an action) atone for (an offence); make up for. \Bcondonation\b \K/kQnd\F'\n"neIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bcondoner\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icondonare\i 'permit a debt, refrain from punishing' (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Idonare\i 'give')\c
<hw>condor</hw> \K/"kQndO:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i\p\B1\b (in full \BAndean condor)\b a large vulture, Vultur gryphus, of S. America, having black plumage with a white neck ruff and a fleshy wattle on the forehead.\p\B2\b (in full \BCalifornia condor)\b a rare vulture, Gymnogyps californianus, of California. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish, from Quechua \Icuntur\i\c
\B\Icondottiere\b\i \K/%kQndQtI"E:ri/, Italian /kOndot"tjere/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B\Icondottieri\b\i \Ipronunc.\i same) \IMil\i \Ihist.\i a leader or a member of a troop of mercenaries in Italy etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian from \Icondotto\i 'troop under contract', from \Icondotta\i 'contract' (as \J\Xconduct\x)\j\c
<hw>conduce</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"dju:s/\k \Iv.intr.\i \I(foll. by \Bto)\b\i (usu. of an event or attribute) lead or contribute to (a result). \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iconducere conduct-\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Iducere duct-\i 'lead')\c
<hw>conducive</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"dju:sIv/\k \Iadj.\i \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i contributing or helping (towards something) \3(not a conducive atmosphere for negotiation;\c \2good health is conducive to happiness).\c
<hw>conduct</hw> \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\K/"kQndVkt/\k\p\B1\b behaviour (esp. in its moral aspect).\p\B2\b the action or manner of directing or managing (business, war, etc.).\p\B3\b \IArt\i the mode of treatment; execution.\p\B4\b the action of leading; guidance.\p\Iv.\i\p\K/k\F'\nn"dVkt/\k\p\B1\b \Itr.\i lead or guide (a person or persons).\p\B2\b \Itr.\i direct or manage (business etc.).\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \I(also \Babsol.)\b\i \IMus\i be the conductor of (an orchestra, choir, etc.).\p\B4\b \Itr.\i \IPhysics\i transmit (heat, electricity, etc.) by conduction.\p\B5\b \Irefl.\i behave \3(conducted himself appropriately).\c \Bconductible\b \K/k\F'\nn"dVktIb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Bconductibility\b \K/k\F'\nndVktI"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Iconductus\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Iducere duct-\i 'lead'): the verb via Old French \Iconduite,\i past part. of \Iconduire\i\c
<hw>conductance</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"dVkt(\F'\n)ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i \IElectr\i the power of a specified material to conduct electricity.
<hw>conducted tour</hw>\p\In.\i\pa tour led by a guide on a fixed itinerary.
<hw>conduction</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"dVkS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPhysics Electr\i \Ba\b the transmission of heat through a substance from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature. \Bb\b the transmission of electricity through a substance by the application of an electric field.\p\B2\b \IPhysiol\i the transmission of impulses along nerves.\p\B3\b the conducting of liquid through a pipe etc. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iconduction\i or Latin \Iconductio\i (as \J\Xconduct\x)\j\c
<hw>conductive</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"dVktIv/\k \Iadj.\i \IPhysics Electr\i having the property of conducting (esp. heat, electricity, etc.). \Bconductively\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>conductive education</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IMed Education\i a system of education for children and adults with motor disorders.
<hw>conductivity</hw> \K/kQndVk"tIvIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics Electr\i the conducting power of a specified material.
<hw>conductor</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"dVkt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMus\i a person who directs the performance of an orchestra or choir etc.\p\B2\b \I(fem.\i \Bconductress\b \K/-trIs/\k) \ITransport\i \Ba\b a person who collects fares in a bus etc. \Bb\b \BUS\b \IRailways\i an official in charge of a train.\p\B3\b \IPhysics\i \IElectr\i \Ba\b a thing that conducts or transmits heat or electricity, esp. regarded in terms of its capacity to do this \3(a poor conductor).\c \Bb\b = \J\Xlightning conductor\x.\j\p\B4\b a guide or leader.\p\B5\b a manager or director. \Bconductorship\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via French \Iconducteur\i from Latin \Iconductor\i (as \J\Xconduct\x)\j\c
<hw>conductor rail</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IElectr Railways\i a rail transmitting current to an electric train etc.
<hw>conduct sheet</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICriminol Mil\i a record of a person's offences and punishments.
<hw>conductus</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"dVkt\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bconducti\b \K/-tVI/\k) \IMus\i a musical composition of the 12th-13th c., with Latin text. \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin: see \J\Xconduit\x\j\c
<hw>conduit</hw> \K/"kQndIt/, /-jUIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBuilding Engin\i a channel or pipe for conveying liquids.\p\B2\b \IElectr\i \Ba\b a tube or trough for protecting insulated electric wires. \Bb\b a length or stretch of this. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iconduit\i from medieval Latin \Iconductus\i \J\Xconduct\x\p\In.\i\p\j\c
<hw>condyle</hw> \K/"kQndIl/, /-dVIl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnat.\i a rounded process at the end of some bones, forming an articulation with another bone. \Bcondylar\b \Iadj.\i \Bcondyloid\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French via Latin \Icondylus\i from Greek \Ikondulos\i 'knuckle'\c
<hw>cone</hw> \K/k\F'\nUn/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IGeom\i a solid figure with a circular (or other curved) plane base, tapering to a point.\p\B2\b \IMotoring\i a thing of a similar shape, solid or hollow, e.g. as used to mark off areas of roads.\p\B3\b \IBot\i the dry fruit of a conifer.\p\B4\b \IFood\i an ice-cream cornet.\p\B5\b \IAnat\i any of the minute cone-shaped structures in the retina.\p\B6\b \IGeol\i a conical mountain esp. of volcanic origin.\p\B7\b (in full \Bcone-shell)\b \IZool\i any marine gastropod mollusc of the family Conidae.\p\B8\b \IPottery\i a ceramic pyramid, melting at a known temperature, used to indicate the temperature of a kiln. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b shape like a cone.\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Boff)\b\i \BBrit.\b \IMotoring\i mark off (a road etc.) with cones. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ic⌠ne\i via Latin \Iconus\i from Greek \Ikonos\i\c
<hw>confabulate</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"fabjUleIt/\k \Iv.intr.\i\p\B1\b converse, chat.\p\B2\b \IPsychol.\i fabricate imaginary experiences as compensation for the loss of memory. \Bconfabulation\b \K/-"leIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bconfabulatory\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iconfabulari\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Ifabulari\i from \Ifabula\i 'tale')\c
<hw>confect</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"fEkt/\k \Iv.tr.\i \Iliterary\i make by putting together ingredients. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iconficere confect-\i 'put together' (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Ifacere\i 'make')\c
<hw>confection</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"fEkS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ICookery\i a dish or delicacy made with sweet ingredients.\p\B2\b mixing, compounding.\p\B3\b \IFashion\i a fashionable or elaborate article of women's dress.\Kconfectionary omitted Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Iconfectio -onis\i (as \J\Xconfect\x)\j\c
<hw>confectioner</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"fEkS(\F'\n)n\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i a maker or retailer of confectionery.
<hw>confectioner's custard</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i a thick sweet custard used as a filling for cakes and pastries.\Knew f. library, AW, OED Sep 93\k
<hw>confectioner's sugar</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BUS\b \ICookery\i icing sugar.\Knew in COD9 f. incomings; not used in Canada where icing sugar is the term Aug 93\k
<hw>confectionery</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"fEkS(\F'\n)n(\F'\n)ri/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i sweets and other confections.
<hw>confederacy</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"fEd(\F'\n)r\F'\nsi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \IPolit\i a league or alliance, esp. of confederate states.\p\B2\b a league for an unlawful or evil purpose; a conspiracy.\p\B3\b the condition or fact of being confederate; alliance; conspiracy.\p\B4\b \B(the Confederacy)\b the Confederate States.\K4 new in COD9 f. OEED, Incomings Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Anglo-French, Old French \Iconfederacie\i (as \J\Xconfederate\x)\j\c
<hw>confederate</hw> \Iadj., n., & v.\i \Iadj.\i \K/k\F'\nn"fEd(\F'\n)r\F'\nt/\k \Iesp. Polit.\i allied; joined by an agreement or treaty.\p\In.\i\p\K/k\F'\nn"fEd(\F'\n)r\F'\nt/\k\p\B1\b an ally, esp. (pejoratively) an accomplice.\p\B2\b \B(Confederate)\b \IPolit\i a supporter of the Confederate States.\p\Iv.\i\p\K/k\F'\nn"fEd\F'\nreIt/\k \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i bring (a person, state, or oneself) into alliance.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i come into alliance. \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Iconfoederatus\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \J\Xfederate\x)\j\c
<hw>Confederate States</hw> \In.pl.\i \IPolit\i the southern states which seceded from the US in 1860-1.
<hw>confederation</hw> \K/k\F'\nnfEd\F'\n"reIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i\p\B1\b a union or alliance of states etc.\p\B2\b the act or an instance of confederating; the state of being confederated. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IconfΘdΘration\i (as \J\Xconfederate\x)\j\c
<hw>confer</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"f\F'\n:/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B(conferred,\b \Bconferring)\b\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bon,\b \Bupon)\b\i grant or bestow (a title, degree, favour, etc.).\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i converse, consult. \Bconferrable\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iconferre\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Iferre\i 'bring')\c
<hw>conferee</hw> \K/kQnf\F'\n"ri:/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person on whom something is conferred.\p\B2\b a participant in a conference.
<hw>conference</hw> \K/"kQnf(\F'\n)r(\F'\n)ns/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b consultation, discussion.\p\B2\b a meeting for discussion, esp. a regular one held by an association or organization.\p\B3\b \IRelig\i an annual assembly of the Methodist Church.\p\B4\b \ICommerce Sport\i an association in commerce, sport, etc.\p\B5\b \ITelephony Computing\i the linking of several telephones, computer terminals, etc., so that each user may communicate with the others simultaneously \I(often \Battrib.:\b\i \2conference call).\c \Iv.intr.\i (usu. as \Bconferencing\b \In.)\i take part in a conference or conference call.\Kv. new in COD9 f. NSOED, Incomings Aug 93\k\p\1in conference\c engaged in discussion.\Kconferential omitted Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3French \IconfΘrence\i or medieval Latin \Iconferentia\i (as \J\Xconfer\x)\j\c
<hw>conferment</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"f\F'\n:m(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IEducation etc.\i\p\B1\b the conferring of a degree, honour, etc.\p\B2\b an instance of this.
<hw>confess</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"fEs/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \Itr.\i \I(also \Babsol.)\b\i acknowledge or admit (a fault, wrongdoing, etc.). \Bb\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bto)\b\i admit to \3(confessed to having lied).\c\p\B2\b \Itr.\i admit reluctantly \3(confessed it would be difficult).\c\p\B3\b \IRelig\i \Ba\b \Itr.\i \I(also \Babsol.)\b\i declare (one's sins) to a priest. \Bb\b \Itr.\i (of a priest) hear the confession of. \Bc\b \Irefl.\i declare one's sins to a priest. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iconfesser\i and Romanic from Latin \Iconfessus,\i past part. of \Iconfiteri\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Ifateri\i 'declare, avow')\c
<hw>confessant</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"fEs(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i a person who confesses to a priest.
<hw>confessedly</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"fEsIdli/\k \Iadv.\i by one's own or general admission.
<hw>confession</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"fES(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IRelig.etc.\i \Ba\b confessing or acknowledgement of a fault, wrongdoing, a sin to a priest, etc. \Bb\b an instance of this. \Bc\b a thing confessed.\p\B2\b (in full \Bconfession of faith)\b \Ba\b \IRelig\i a declaration of one's religious beliefs. \Bb\b a statement of one's principles. \Bconfessionary\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Iconfessio -onis\i (as \J\Xconfess\x)\j\c
<hw>confessional</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"fES(\F'\n)n(\F'\n)l/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i an enclosed stall in a church in which a priest hears confessions. \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of or relating to confession.\p\B2\b \IRelig\i denominational. \BEtymology:\b \3French via Italian \Iconfessionale\i from medieval Latin, neut. of \Iconfessionalis\i (as \J\Xconfession\x)\j\c
<hw>confessor</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"fEs\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person who makes a confession.\p\B2\b \Kalso /"kQn-/\k\IRelig\i a priest who hears confessions and gives spiritual counsel.\p\B3\b \IRelig\i a person who avows a religion in the face of its suppression, but does not suffer martyrdom. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Anglo-French \Iconfessur,\i Old French \I-our,\i from ecclesiastical Latin \Iconfessor\i (as \J\Xconfess\x)\j\c
<hw>confetti</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"fEti/\k\p\In.\i\psmall pieces of coloured paper thrown by esp. wedding guests at the bride and groom. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian, = sweetmeats, from Latin (as \J\Xcomfit\x):\j from the real or imitation sweets thrown during Italian carnivals\c
<hw>confidant</hw> \K/kQnfI"dant/, /"kQnfIdant/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(fem.\i \Bconfidante\b \Ipronunc.\i same) a person trusted with knowledge of one's private affairs. \BEtymology:\b \318th c. for earlier \J\Xconfident\x \I(n.)\i,\j probably to represent the pronunciation of French \Iconfidente\i (as \J\Xconfide\x)\j\c
<hw>confide</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"fVId/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bto)\b\i tell (a secret etc.) in confidence.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \I(foll. by \Bto)\b\i entrust (an object of care, a task, etc.) to.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bin)\b\i \Ba\b have trust or confidence in. \Bb\b talk confidentially to. \Bconfidingly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iconfidere\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Ifidere\i 'trust')\c
<hw>confidence</hw> \K/"kQnfId(\F'\n)ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b firm trust \3(have confidence in his ability).\c\p\B2\b \Ba\b a feeling of reliance or certainty. \Bb\b a sense of self-reliance; boldness.\p\B3\b \Ba\b something told confidentially. \Bb\b the telling of private matters with mutual trust.\p\1in confidence\c as a secret.\p\1in a person's confidence\c trusted with a person's secrets.\p\1take into one's confidence\c confide in. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Iconfidentia\i (as \J\Xconfide\x)\j\c
<hw>confidence level</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IStatistics\i the probability that the value of a parameter falls within a specified range of values.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k
<hw>confidence man</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICriminol\i a man who robs or swindles by means of a confidence trick.
<hw>confidence trick</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Bconfidence game)\b \ICriminol\i a swindle in which the victim is persuaded to trust the swindler in some way. \Bconfidence trickster\b\p\In.\i\p\Kc. trickster new in COD9 f. NSOED Aug 93\k
<hw>confident</hw> \K/"kQnfId(\F'\n)nt/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b feeling or showing confidence; self-assured, bold \3(spoke with a confident air).\c\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Bof,\b or \Bthat\b + clause)\i assured, trusting \3(confident of your support;\c \2confident that he will come).\c\p\In.\i\p\Iarchaic\i = \J\Xconfidant\x.\j \Bconfidently\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French from Italian \Iconfidente\i (as \J\Xconfide\x)\j\c
<hw>confidential</hw> \K/kQnfI"dEnS(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b spoken or written in confidence.\p\B2\b entrusted with secrets \3(a confidential secretary).\c\p\B3\b confiding. \Bconfidentiality\b \K/-SI"alIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bconfidentially\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>configuration</hw> \K/k\F'\nnfIg\F'\n"reIS(\F'\n)n/, /-gjU-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b an arrangement of parts or elements in a particular form or figure. \Bb\b the form, shape, or figure resulting from such an arrangement.\p\B2\b \IAstron.\i & \IAstrol.\i the relative position of planets etc.\p\B3\b \IPsychol.\i = \J\Xgestalt\x.\j\p\B4\b \IPhysics\i the distribution of electrons among the energy levels of an atom, or of nucleons among the energy levels of a nucleus, as specified by quantum numbers.\p\B5\b \IChem.\i the fixed three-dimensional relationship of the atoms in a molecule.\p\B6\b \IComputing\i \Ba\b the interrelating or interconnecting of a computer system or elements of it so that it will accommodate a particular specification. \Bb\b an instance of this. \Bconfigurational\b \Iadj.\i \Bconfigure\b \K/k\F'\nn"fIg\F'\n/\k \Iv.tr.\i (in senses 1, 2, 6). \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Iconfiguratio\i from Latin \Iconfigurare\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Ifigurare\i 'fashion')\c
<hw>confine</hw> \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.tr.\i \K/k\F'\nn"fVIn/\k \I(often foll. by \Bin,\b \Bto,\b \Bwithin)\b\i\p\B1\b keep or restrict (within certain limits etc.).\p\B2\b \ICriminol\i hold captive; imprison.\p\In.\i\p\K/"kQnfVIn/\k \I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i a limit or boundary \3(within the confines of the town).\c\p\1be confined\c \IMed\i be in childbirth. \BEtymology:\b \3ultimately from Latin \Iconfinia\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Ifinia,\i neut. pl. from \Ifinis\i 'end, limit'), the verb via French \Iconfinir,\i the noun via French \Iconfins\i \I(pl.)\i\c
<hw>confinement</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"fVInm(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or an instance of confining; the state of being confined.\p\B2\b \IMed\i the time of a woman's giving birth.
<hw>confirm</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"f\F'\n:m/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b provide support for the truth or correctness of; make definitely valid \3(confirmed my suspicions;\c \2confirmed his arrival time).\c\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bin)\b\i encourage (a person) in (an opinion etc.).\p\B3\b ratify (a treaty, possession, title, etc.); make formally valid.\p\B4\b establish more firmly (power, possession, etc.).\p\B5\b \IRelig\i administer the religious rite of confirmation to. \Bconfirmative\b \Iadj.\i \Bconfirmatory\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iconfermer\i from Latin \Iconfirmare\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \J\Xfirm\x (1))\j\c
<hw>confirmand</hw> \K/kQnf\F'\n"mand/\k\p\In.\i\p\IEccl.\i a person who is to be or has just been confirmed.
<hw>confirmation</hw> \K/kQnf\F'\n"meIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or an instance of confirming; the state or an instance of being confirmed.\p\B2\b \IRelig\i \Ba\b a religious rite confirming a baptized person, esp. at the age of discretion, as a member of the Christian Church. \Bb\b \IJudaism\i the ceremony of bar mitzvah. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Iconfirmatio -onis\i (as \J\Xconfirm\x)\j\c
<hw>confirmed</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"f\F'\n:md/\k \Iadj.\i firmly settled in some habit or condition \3(confirmed in his ways;\c \2a confirmed bachelor).\c
<hw>confiscate</hw> \K/"kQnfIskeIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b take or seize by authority.\p\B2\b appropriate to the public treasury (by way of a penalty). \Bconfiscable\b \K/k\F'\nn"fIsk\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Bconfiscation\b \K/-"skeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bconfiscator\b\p\In.\i\p\Bconfiscatory\b \K/k\F'\nn"fIsk\F'\nt(\F'\n)ri/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iconfiscare\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Ifiscare\i from \Ifiscus\i 'treasury')\c
<hw>conflagration</hw> \K/kQnfl\F'\n"greIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\pa great and destructive fire. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iconflagratio\i from \Iconflagrare\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Iflagrare\i 'blaze')\c
<hw>conflate</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"fleIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i \IBibliog\i blend or fuse together (esp. two variant texts into one). \Bconflation\b \K/-"fleIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iconflare\i 'kindle, achieve, fuse' (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Iflare\i 'blow')\c
<hw>conflict</hw> \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\K/"kQnflIkt/\k\p\B1\b \Ba\b a state of opposition or hostilities. \Bb\b a fight or struggle.\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Bof)\b\i \Ba\b the clashing of opposed principles etc. \Bb\b an instance of this.\p\B3\b \IPsychol.\i \Ba\b the opposition of incompatible wishes or needs in a person. \Bb\b an instance of this. \Bc\b the distress resulting from this. \Iv.intr.\i \K/k\F'\nn"flIkt/\k \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i\p\B1\b clash; be incompatible.\p\B2\b struggle or contend.\p\B3\b (as \Bconflicting\b \Iadj.)\i contradictory.\p\1in conflict\c conflicting. \Bconfliction\b \K/k\F'\nn"flIkS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bconflictual\b \K/k\F'\nn"flIktSU\F'\nl/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Iconfligere conflict-\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Ifligere\i 'strike')\c
<hw>confluence</hw> \K/"kQnflU\F'\nns/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IGeog\i a place where two rivers meet.\p\B2\b \Ba\b a coming together. \Bb\b a crowd of people. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iconfluere\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Ifluere\i 'flow')\c
<hw>conform</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"fO:m/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i comply with rules or general custom.\p\B2\b \Iintr. & tr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i be or make accordant or suitable.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i form according to a pattern; make similar.\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bto,\b \Bwith)\b\i comply with; be in accordance with. \Bconformer\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iconformer\i from Latin \Iconformare\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \J\Xform\x)\j\c
<hw>conformable</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"fO:m\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i similar.\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i consistent.\p\B3\b \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i adapted.\p\B4\b tractable, submissive.\p\B5\b \IGeol.\i (of strata in contact) lying in the same direction. \Bconformability\b \K/-"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bconformably\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Iconformabilis\i (as \J\Xconform\x)\j\c
<hw>conformal</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"fO:m(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \IGeog\i (of a map) showing any small area in its correct shape. \Bconformally\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Iconformalis\i (as \J\Xconform\x)\j\c
<hw>conformance</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"fO:m(\F'\n)ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(often foll. by \Bto,\b \Bwith)\b\i = \J\Xconformity\x 1, 2.\j
<hw>conformation</hw> \K/kQnfO:"meIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the way in which a thing is formed; shape, structure.\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i adjustment in form or character; adaptation.\p\B3\b \IChem.\i any of the spatial arrangements which the atoms in a molecule may freely convert between, esp. by rotation about individual single bonds. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iconformatio\i (as \J\Xconform\x)\j\c
<hw>conformist</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"fO:mIst/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person who conforms to an established practice; a conventional person.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b \IRelig\i a person who conforms to the practices of the Church of England. \Iadj.\i (of a person) conforming to established practices; conventional. \Bconformism\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>conformity</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"fO:mIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bto,\b \Bwith)\b\i action or behaviour in accordance with established practice; compliance.\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Bto,\b \Bwith)\b\i correspondence in form or manner; likeness, agreement.\p\B3\b \BBrit.\b \IRelig\i compliance with the practices of the Church of England. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \IconformitΘ\i or Late Latin \Iconformitas\i (as \J\Xconform\x)\j\c
<hw>confound</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"faUnd/\k \Iv. & int.\i \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b throw into perplexity or confusion.\p\B2\b mix up; confuse (in one's mind).\p\B3\b \Iarchaic\i defeat, overthrow. \Iint.\i expressing annoyance \3(confound you!).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Anglo-French \Iconf(o)undre,\i Old French \Iconfondre\i from Latin \Iconfundere\i 'mix up' (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Ifundere fus-\i 'pour')\c
<hw>confraternity</hw> \K/kQnfr\F'\n"t\F'\n:nIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IRelig\i a brotherhood, esp. religious or charitable. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \IconfraternitΘ\i from medieval Latin \Iconfraternitas\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \J\Xfraternity\x)\j\c
<hw>confrΦre</hw> \K/"kQnfrE:/\k\p\In.\i\pa fellow member of a profession, scientific body, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from medieval Latin \Iconfrater\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Ifrater\i 'brother')\c
<hw>confront</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"frVnt/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b face in hostility or defiance. \Bb\b face up to and deal with (a problem, difficulty, etc.).\p\B2\b (of a difficulty etc.) present itself to \3(countless obstacles confronted us).\c\p\B3\b \I(foll. by \Bwith)\b\i \Ba\b bring (a person) face to face with (a circumstance), esp. by way of accusation \3(confronted them with the evidence).\c \Bb\b set (a thing) face to face with (another) for comparison.\p\B4\b meet or stand facing. \Bconfrontation\b \K/kQnfrVn"teIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bconfrontational\b \K/kQnfrVn"teIS(\F'\n)n(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iconfronter\i from medieval Latin \Iconfrontare\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Ifrontare\i from \Ifrons frontis\i 'face')\c
<hw>Confucian</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"fju:S(\F'\n)n/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IPhilos\i \Iadj.\i of or relating to Confucius, Chinese philosopher d. 479 bc, or his philosophy.\p\In.\i\pa follower of Confucius. \BConfucianism\b\p\In.\i\p\BConfucianist\b \In. & adj.\i\K-ist adj. new f. SOED Sep 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3\IConfucius,\i Latinization of \IKongfuze\i 'Kong the master'\c
<hw>confusable</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"fju:z\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i that is able or liable to be confused. \Bconfusability\b \K/-"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>confuse</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"fju:z/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b disconcert, perplex, bewilder. \Bb\b embarrass.\p\B2\b mix up in the mind; mistake (one for another).\p\B3\b make indistinct \3(that point confuses the issue).\c\p\B4\b (as \Bconfused\b \Iadj.)\i mentally decrepit or senile.\p\B5\b (often as \Bconfused\b \Iadj.)\i make muddled or disorganized; throw into disorder \3(a confused jumble of clothes).\c \Bconfusedly\b \K/k\F'\nn"fju:zIdli/\k \Iadv.\i \Bconfusing\b \Iadj.\i \Bconfusingly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3back-formation from \Iconfused,\i via Old French \Iconfus\i from Latin \Iconfusus:\i see \J\Xconfound\x\j\c
<hw>confusion</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"fju:Z(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the act of confusing \3(the confusion of fact and fiction).\c \Bb\b an instance of this; a misunderstanding \3(confusions arise from a lack of communication).\c\p\B2\b \Ba\b the result of confusing; a confused state; embarrassment; disorder \3(thrown into confusion by his words;\c \2trampled in the confusion of battle).\c \Bb\b \I(foll. by \Bof)\b\i a disorderly jumble \3(a confusion of ideas).\c\p\B3\b \Ba\b civil commotion \3(confusion broke out at the announcement).\c \Bb\b an instance of this. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iconfusion\i or Latin \Iconfusio\i (as \J\Xconfuse\x)\j\c
<hw>confute</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"fju:t/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b prove (a person) to be in error.\p\B2\b prove (an argument) to be false. \Bconfutation\b \K/kQnfjU"teIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iconfutare\i 'restrain' (as \J\Xcom-\x\j + base of \Irefutare\i 'refute')\c
<hw>conga</hw> \K/"kQNg\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IDancing\i a Latin American dance of African origin, usu. with several persons in a single line, one behind the other.\p\B2\b (also \Bconga drum)\b \IMus\i a tall, narrow, low-toned drum beaten with the hands. \Iv.intr.\i \B(congas,\b \Bcongaed\b \K/-g\F'\nd/\k or \Bconga'd,\b \Bcongaing\b \K/-g\F'\n(r)IN/\k) \IDancing\i perform the conga. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin American Spanish from Spanish fem. of \Icongo\i 'of the Congo'\c
\B\IcongΘ\b\i \K/"kQnZeI/, French /kO~Ze/\k\p\In.\i\pan unceremonious dismissal; leave-taking. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \IcongiΘ\i from Latin \Icommeatus\i 'leave of absence' from \Icommeare\i 'go and come' (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Imeare\i 'go'): now usu. treated as modern French\c
<hw>congeal</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"dZi:l/\k \Iv.tr. & intr.\i\p\B1\b make or become semi-solid by cooling.\p\B2\b \IPhysiol\i (of blood etc.) coagulate. \Bcongealable\b \Iadj.\i \Bcongealment\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icongeler\i from Latin \Icongelare\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Igelare\i from \Igelu\i 'frost')\c
<hw>congelation</hw> \K/kQndZI"leIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the process of congealing.\p\B2\b a congealed state.\p\B3\b a congealed substance. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Icongelation\i or Latin \Icongelatio\i (as \J\Xcongeal\x)\j\c
<hw>congener</hw> \K/"kQndZIn\F'\n/, /k\F'\nn"dZi:n\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiol\i\p\B1\b a thing or person of the same kind or category as another, esp. animals or plants of a specified genus \3(the raspberry and blackberry are congeners).\c\p\B2\b \IDrink\i \Besp. US\b a by-product giving a distinctive character to a wine or spirit.\Ksense 2 new f. NSOED Apr 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Latin (as \J\Xcon-\x,\j \J\Xgenus\x)\j\c
<hw>congeneric</hw> \K/kQndZI"nErIk/\k \Iadj.\i \IBiol\i\p\B1\b of the same genus, kind, or race.\p\B2\b allied in nature or origin; akin. \Bcongenerous\b \K/k\F'\nn"dZEn(\F'\n)r\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i
<hw>congenial</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"dZi:nI\F'\nl/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b pleasant, agreeable \3(congenial environment).\c\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Bwith,\b \Bto)\b\i (of a person, character, etc.) pleasant because akin to oneself in temperament or interests.\p\B3\b \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i suited to the nature of anything \3(congenial to my mood).\c \Bcongeniality\b \K/-nI"alIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bcongenially\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xcon-\x\j + \J\Xgenial\x (1)\j\c
<hw>congenital</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"dZEnIt(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \IMed\i\p\B1\b (esp. of a disease, defect, etc.) existing from birth.\p\B2\b that is (or as if) such from birth \3(a congenital liar).\c \Bcongenitally\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icongenitus\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Igenitus,\i past part. of \Igigno\i 'beget')\c
<hw>conger</hw> \K/"kQNg\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p(in full \Bconger eel)\b \IZool\i any large marine eel of the family Congridae. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icongre\i and Latin \Iconger,\i \Icongrus\i from Greek \Igoggros\i\c
<hw>congeries</hw> \K/kQn"dZI\F'\nri:z/, /-Iz/, /-Ii:z/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i same) a disorderly collection; a mass or heap. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, from \Icongerere\i \J\Xcongest\x\j\c Although \Icongeries\i looks like a plural form, it is a singular noun, e.g. \IA congeries of problems was identified.\i It is unchanged in the plural.
<hw>congestion</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"dZEstS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed etc.\i abnormal accumulation, crowding, or obstruction, esp. of traffic etc. or of blood or mucus in a part of the body. \BEtymology:\b \3French from Latin \Icongestio -onis\i (as \J\Xcongest\x)\j\c
<hw>conglomerate</hw> \Iadj., n., & v.\i \Iadj.\i \K/k\F'\nn"glQm(\F'\n)r\F'\nt/\k\p\B1\b gathered into a rounded mass.\p\B2\b \IGeol.\i (of rock) made up of small stones held together \I(cf.\i \J\Xagglomerate\x).\j\p\In.\i\p\K/k\F'\nn"glQm(\F'\n)r\F'\nt/\k\p\B1\b a number of things or parts forming a heterogeneous mass.\p\B2\b \ICommerce\i a group or corporation formed by the merging of separate and diverse firms.\p\B3\b \IGeol.\i conglomerate rock. \Iv.tr. & intr.\i \K/k\F'\nn"glQm\F'\nreIt/\k collect into a coherent mass. \Bconglomeration\b \K/k\F'\nnglQm\F'\n"reIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iconglomeratus,\i past part. of \Iconglomerare\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Iglomerare\i from \Iglomus -eris\i 'ball')\c
<hw>Congolese</hw> \K/kQNg\F'\n"li:z/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IGeog People\i \Iadj.\i of or relating to Zaire or Congo, countries in central Africa, or the region surrounding the Zaire (formerly Congo) river.\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i same)\p\B1\b a native of any of these regions.\p\B2\b \ILanguage\i any of the Bantu languages spoken by the Congolese people.\Ksense 2 new f. SOED, used in etymologies May 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icongolais\i\c
<hw>congou</hw> \K/"kQNgu:/, /-g\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\IDrink\i a variety of black China tea. \BEtymology:\b \3Cantonese \Ikungfⁿch'a,\i Mandarin \Igongfu chß\i 'tea made for refined tastes'\c
<hw>congratulate</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"gratjUleIt/\k \Iv.tr. & refl.\i \I(often foll. by \Bon,\b \Bupon)\b\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i express pleasure at the happiness or good fortune or excellence of (a person) \3(congratulated them on their success).\c\p\B2\b \Irefl.\i think oneself fortunate or clever. \Bcongratulant\b \Iadj. & n.\i \Bcongratulator\b\p\In.\i\p\Bcongratulatory\b \K/-l\F'\nt(\F'\n)ri/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icongratulari\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Igratulari\i 'show joy' from \Igratus\i 'pleasing')\c
<hw>congratulation</hw> \K/k\F'\nngratjU"leIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b congratulating.\p\B2\b \I(also as \Bint.;\b\i \Iusu. in \Bpl.)\b\i an expression of this \3(congratulations on winning!).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icongratulatio\i (as \J\Xcongratulate\x)\j\c
<hw>congregant</hw> \K/"kQNgrIg(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i a member of a congregation, \Besp. Brit.\b of a Jewish congregation. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icongregare\i (as \J\Xcongregate\x)\j\c
<hw>congregate</hw> \K/"kQNgrIgeIt/\k \Iv.intr. & tr.\i collect or gather into a crowd or mass. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Icongregare\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Igregare\i from \Igrex gregis\i 'flock')\c
<hw>congregation</hw> \K/kQNgrI"geIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the process of congregating; collection into a crowd or mass.\p\B2\b a crowd or mass gathered together.\p\B3\b \IRelig\i \Ba\b a body assembled for religious worship. \Bb\b a body of persons regularly attending a particular church etc. \Bc\b \IRC Ch.\i a body of persons obeying a common religious rule. \Bd\b \IRC Ch.\i any of several permanent committees of the Roman Catholic College of Cardinals.\p\B4\b \B(Congregation)\b \BBrit.\b (in some universities) a general assembly of resident senior members. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Icongregation\i or Latin \Icongregatio\i (as \J\Xcongregate\x)\j\c
<hw>congregational</hw> \K/kQNgrI"geIS(\F'\n)n(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of a congregation.\p\B2\b \B(Congregational)\b \IRelig\i of or adhering to Congregationalism.
<hw>Congregationalism</hw> \K/kQNgrI"geIS(\F'\n)n(\F'\n)lIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i a system of ecclesiastical organization whereby individual churches are largely self-governing (in England and Wales such churches largely merging in the United Reformed Church from 1972). \BCongregationalist\b\p\In.\i\p\BCongregationalize\b \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise).\b
<hw>congress</hw> \K/"kQNgrEs/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a formal meeting of delegates for discussion.\p\B2\b \B(Congress)\b \IPolit\i a national legislative body, esp. that of the US.\p\B3\b a society or organization.\p\B4\b coming together, meeting. \Bcongressional\b \K/k\F'\nn"grES(\F'\n)n(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icongressus\i from \Icongredi\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Igradi\i 'walk')\c
<hw>congressman</hw> \K/"kQNgrEsm\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-men;\b \Ifem.\i \Bcongresswoman,\b \Ipl.\i \B-women)\b \IPolit\i a member of the US Congress.
<hw>congruence</hw> \K/"kQNgrU\F'\nns/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcongruency\b \K/-\F'\nnsi/\k)\p\B1\b agreement, consistency.\p\B2\b \IGeom.\i the state of being congruent. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Icongruentia\i (as \J\Xcongruent\x)\j\c
<hw>congruent</hw> \K/"kQNgrU\F'\nnt/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i suitable, agreeing.\p\B2\b \IGeom.\i (of figures) coinciding exactly when superimposed. \Bcongruently\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Icongruere\i 'agree'\c
<hw>conic</hw> \K/"kQnIk/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IGeom Math\i \Iadj.\i of a cone.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a conic section.\p\B2\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i the study of conic sections. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \Iconicus\i from Greek \Ikonikos\i (as \J\Xcone\x)\j\c
<hw>conical projection</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bconic projection)\b \ICartography\i a map projection in which a spherical surface is projected on to a cone, usually with its vertex above the pole.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k
<hw>conic section</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IGeom.\i a figure formed by the intersection of a cone and a plane.
<hw>conidium</hw> \K/k\F'\nU"nIdI\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bconidia\b \K/-dI\F'\n/\k) \IBot Anat\i a spore produced asexually by various fungi. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin, from Greek \Ikonis\i 'dust' + diminutive suffix \I-idium\i\c
<hw>conifer</hw> \K/"kQnIf\F'\n/, /"k\F'\nUn-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a tree of the order Coniferales, typically bearing cones and needle-like leaves (often evergreen), e.g. a pine, yew, cedar, or redwood. \Bconiferous\b \K/k\F'\n"nIf(\F'\n)r\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin (as \J\Xcone\x,\j \J\X-ferous\x)\j\c
<hw>coniine</hw> \K/"k\F'\nUnIi:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i a poisonous alkaloid found in hemlock, that paralyses the nerves. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iconium\i from Greek \Ikoneion\i 'hemlock'\c
<hw>conjectural</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"dZEktS(\F'\n)r(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i based on, involving, or given to conjecture. \Bconjecturally\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French from Latin \Iconjecturalis\i (as \J\Xconjecture\x)\j\c
<hw>conjecture</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"dZEktS\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the formation of an opinion on incomplete information; guessing. \Bb\b an opinion or conclusion reached in this way.\p\B2\b \ILiterature\i \Ba\b (in textual criticism) the guessing of a reading not in the text. \Bb\b a proposed reading.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr. & intr.\i guess.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i (in textual criticism) propose (a reading). \Bconjecturable\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iconjecture\i or Latin \Iconjectura,\i from \Iconjicere\i 'put together in thought' (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Ijacere\i 'throw')\c
<hw>conjoin</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"dZOIn/\k \Iv.tr. & intr.\i join, combine. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iconjoign-,\i pres. stem of \Iconjoindre,\i from Latin \Iconjungere\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Ijungere junct-\i 'join')\c
<hw>conjoint</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"dZOInt/\k \Iadj.\i associated, conjoined. \Bconjointly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French, past part. of \Iconjoindre\i (see \J\Xconjoin\x)\j\c
<hw>conjugal</hw> \K/"kQndZUg(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i of marriage or the relation between husband and wife. \Bconjugality\b \K/-"galIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bconjugally\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iconjugalis\i from \Iconjux\i 'consort' (as \J\Xcom-\x\j + \Ijug-\i root of \Ijungere\i 'join')\c
<hw>conjugal rights</hw> \In.pl.\i \ILaw Sex\i those rights (esp. to sexual relations) regarded as exercisable in law by each partner in a marriage.
<hw>conjugate</hw> \Iv., adj., & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\K/"kQndZUgeIt/\k\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \IGram.\i give the different forms of (a verb).\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \IBiol.\i \Ba\b unite sexually. \Bb\b (of gametes) become fused.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i \IChem.\i (of protein) combine with non-protein. \Iadj.\i \K/"kQndZUg\F'\nt/\k\p\B1\b joined together, esp. as a pair.\p\B2\b \IGram.\i derived from the same root.\p\B3\b \IBiol.\i fused.\p\B4\b \IChem.\i (of an acid or base) related by loss or gain of a proton.\p\B5\b \IMath.\i joined in a reciprocal relation, esp. having the same real parts, and equal magnitudes but opposite signs of imaginary parts.\p\In.\i\p\K/"kQndZUg\F'\nt/\k\IGram etc.\i a conjugate word or thing.\Kconjugately omitted Aug 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iconjugare\i 'yoke together' (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Ijugare\i from \Ijugum\i 'yoke')\c
<hw>conjugation</hw> \K/kQndZU"geIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IGram.\i a system of verbal inflection.\p\B2\b the act or an instance of conjugating or being conjugated.\p\B3\b \IBiol.\i \Ba\b the fusion of two gametes in reproduction. \Bb\b the temporary union of two unicellular organisms for the exchange of genetic material.\Ksense 3b new f. OERD May 94\k \Bconjugational\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iconjugatio\i (as \J\Xconjugate\x)\j\c
<hw>conjunct</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"dZVN(k)t/\k \Iadj.\i joined together; combined; associated. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Iconjunctus\i (as \J\Xconjoin\x)\j\c
<hw>conjunction</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"dZVN(k)S(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the action of joining; the condition of being joined. \Bb\b an instance of this.\p\B2\b \IGram.\i a word used to connect clauses or sentences or words in the same clause (e.g. \Iand,\i \Ibut,\i \Iif).\i\p\B3\b \Ba\b a combination (of events or circumstances). \Bb\b a number of associated persons or things.\p\B4\b \IAstron.\i & \IAstrol.\i the alignment of two bodies in the solar system so that they have the same longitude as seen from the earth.\p\1in conjunction with\c together with. \Bconjunctional\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iconjonction\i from Latin \Iconjunctio -onis\i (as \J\Xconjunct\x)\j\c
<hw>conjunctiva</hw> \K/kQndZVN(k)"tVIv\F'\n/, /k\F'\nn"dZVN(k)tIv\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bconjunctivas)\b \IAnat.\i the mucous membrane that covers the front of the eye and lines the inside of the eyelids. \Bconjunctival\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \I(membrana)\i \Iconjunctiva\i 'conjunctive membrane' (as \J\Xconjunctive\x)\j\c
<hw>conjunctive</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"dZVN(k)tIv/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b serving to join; connective.\p\B2\b \IGram.\i of the nature of a conjunction.\p\In.\i\p\IGram.\i a conjunctive word. \Bconjunctively\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Iconjunctivus\i (as \J\Xconjoin\x)\j\c
<hw>conjunctivitis</hw> \K/k\F'\nndZVN(k)tI"vVItIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i inflammation of the conjunctiva.
<hw>conjuncture</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"dZVN(k)tS\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pa combination of events; a state of affairs. \BEtymology:\b \3obsolete French from Italian \Icongiuntura\i (as \J\Xconjoin\x)\j\c
<hw>conjuration</hw> \K/kVndZ\F'\n"reIS(\F'\n)n/, /kQndZU(\F'\n)-/\k\p\In.\i\pan incantation; a magic spell. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Iconjuratio -onis\i (as \J\Xconjure\x)\j\c
<hw>conjure</hw> \K/"kVndZ\F'\n/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \ITheatr\i perform tricks which are seemingly magical, esp. by rapid movements of the hands.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bout of,\b \Baway,\b \Bto,\b etc.)\i cause to appear or disappear as if by magic \3(conjured a rabbit out of a hat;\c \2conjured them to a desert island;\c \2his pain was conjured away).\c\p\B3\b \Itr.\i call upon (a spirit) to appear.\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i perform marvels.\p\B5\b \Itr.\i \K/k\F'\nn"dZU\F'\n/\k \I(often foll. by \Bto\b + infin.)\i appeal solemnly to (a person).\p\Bconjure up\b\p\B1\b bring into existence or cause to appear as if by magic.\p\B2\b cause to appear to the eye or mind; evoke. \BEtymology:\b \3earlier in the sense 'oblige by oath, invoke (a spirit etc.)', Middle English via Old French \Iconjurer\i 'plot, exorcise' from Latin \Iconjurare\i 'band together by oath, conspire' (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Ijurare\i 'swear')\c
<hw>conjuror</hw> \K/"kVndZ\F'\nr\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bconjurer)\b \ITheatr\i a performer of conjuring tricks. \BEtymology:\b \3Anglo-French \Iconjurour\i (Old French \I-eor),\i from medieval Latin \Iconjurator\i (also \J\Xconjure\x\j + \J\X-er\x (1))\j\c
<hw>conk (1)</hw> \K/kQNk/\k \Iv.intr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bout)\b\i \Icolloq.\i\p\B1\b (of a machine etc.) break down.\p\B2\b (of a person) become exhausted and give up; faint; die. \BEtymology:\b \320th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>conk (2)</hw> \K/kQNk/\k \In. & v.\i \Islang\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IAnat\i \Ba\b \BBrit.\b the nose. \Bb\b the head.\p\B2\b \Ba\b a punch on the head or \BBrit.\b nose. \Bb\b a blow. \Iv.tr.\i punch on the head, \BBrit.\b nose etc. \BEtymology:\b \319th c.: perhaps = \J\Xconch\x\j\c
<hw>conker</hw> \K/"kQNk\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBot\i the hard fruit of a horse chestnut.\p\B2\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \BBrit.\b \IGames\i a children's game played with conkers on strings, one hit against another to try to break it. \BEtymology:\b \3dialect \Iconker\i 'snail shell' (originally used in the game), associated with \J\Xconquer\x\j\c
<hw>con moto</hw> \K/kQn "m\F'\nUt\F'\nU/\k \Iadv.\i \IMus.\i with movement. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian, = with movement\c
<hw>Conn.</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IGeog\i Connecticut.
<hw>conn</hw> \BUS\b \Ivar. of\i \J\Xcon\x (4).\j
<hw>connate</hw> \K/"kQneIt/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b existing in a person or thing from birth; innate.\p\B2\b formed at the same time.\p\B3\b allied, congenial.\p\B4\b \IBot.\i (of organs) congenitally united so as to form one part.\p\B5\b \IGeol.\i (of water) trapped in sedimentary rock during its deposition. \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Iconnatus,\i past part. of \Iconnasci\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Inasci\i 'be born')\c
<hw>connatural</hw> \K/k\F'\n"natS(\F'\n)r(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i innate; belonging naturally.\p\B2\b of like nature. \Bconnaturally\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Iconnaturalis\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \J\Xnatural\x)\j\c
<hw>connect</hw> \K/k\F'\n"nEkt/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \Itr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bto,\b \Bwith)\b\i join (one thing with another) \3(connected the hose to the tap).\c \Bb\b \Itr.\i join (two things) \3(a track connected the two villages).\c \Bc\b \Iintr.\i be joined or joinable \3(the two parts do not connect).\c\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i associate mentally or practically \3(did not connect the two ideas;\c \2never connected her with the theatre).\c\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bwith)\b\i (of a train etc.) be synchronized at its destination with another train etc., so that passengers can transfer \3(the train connects with the boat).\c\p\B4\b \Itr.\i \ITelephony\i put into communication by telephone.\p\B5\b \Ba\b \Itr.\i \I(usu. in \Bpassive;\b\i \Ifoll. by \Bwith)\b\i unite or associate with others in relationships etc. \3(am connected with the royal family).\c \Bb\b \Iintr.\i form a logical sequence; be meaningful.\p\B6\b \Iintr.\i \Icolloq.\i hit or strike effectively. \Bconnectable\b \Iadj.\i \Bconnector\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iconnectere connex-\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Inectere\i 'bind')\c
<hw>connected</hw> \K/k\F'\n"nEktId/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b joined in sequence.\p\B2\b (of ideas etc.) coherent.\p\B3\b related or associated. \Bconnectedly\b \Iadv.\i \Bconnectedness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>connecting rod</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMech\i the rod between the piston and the crankpin etc. in an internal-combustion engine or between the wheels of a locomotive.
<hw>connection</hw> \K/k\F'\n"nEkS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \B\BBrit.\b connexion)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b the act of connecting; the state of being connected. \Bb\b an instance of this.\p\B2\b the point at which two things are connected \3(broke at the connection).\c\p\B3\b \Ba\b a thing or person that connects; a link \3(a radio formed the only connection with the outside world;\c \2cannot see the connection between the two ideas).\c \Bb\b \ITelephony\i a telephone link \3(got a bad connection).\c\p\B4\b \Ba\b an arrangement or opportunity for catching a connecting train etc. \Bb\b the train etc. itself \3(missed the connection).\c\p\B5\b \IElectr.\i \Ba\b the linking up of an electric current by contact. \Bb\b a device for effecting this.\p\B6\b \I(often in \Bpl.)\b\i a relative or associate, esp. one with influence \3(has connections in the Home Office;\c \2heard it through a business connection).\c\p\B7\b a relation of ideas; a context \3(in this connection I have to disagree).\c\p\B8\b \Islang\i a supplier of narcotics.\p\B9\b \IRelig\i a religious body, esp. Methodist.\p\1in connection with\c with reference to.\p\1in this (or that) connection\c with reference to this (or that). \Bconnectional\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iconnexio\i (as \J\Xconnect\x):\j spelling \I-ct\i- from \J\Xconnect\x\j\c
<hw>connective</hw> \K/k\F'\n"nEktIv/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i serving or tending to connect.\p\In.\i\psomething that connects.
<hw>connective tissue</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAnat.\i a tissue with relatively few cells in a non-living matrix that connects, supports, binds, or separates other tissues or organs, esp. fibrous tissue rich in collagen.
<hw>connectivity</hw> \K/kQnEk"tIvIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IComputing\i capacity for interconnection of systems, applications, etc.\p\B2\b the property or degree of being connected or interconnected.\Knew f. Incs, NSOED Oct 94\k
<hw>conning tower</hw> \K/"kQnIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\INaut\i\p\B1\b the superstructure of a submarine from which steering, firing, etc., are directed on or near the surface, and which contains the periscope.\p\B2\b the armoured pilot house of a warship. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xcon\x (4)\j + \J\X-ing\x (1)\j\c
<hw>connivance</hw> \K/k\F'\n"nVIv(\F'\n)ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bat,\b \Bin)\b\i conniving \3(connivance in the crime).\c\p\B2\b tacit permission \3(done with his connivance).\c \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iconnivence\i or Latin \Iconniventia\i (as \J\Xconnive\x)\j\c
<hw>connive</hw> \K/k\F'\n"nVIv/\k \Iv.intr.\i\p\B1\b \I(foll. by \Bat)\b\i disregard or tacitly consent to (a wrongdoing).\p\B2\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bwith)\b\i conspire. \Bconniver\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Iconniver\i or Latin \Iconnivere\i 'shut the eyes (to)'\c
<hw>connoisseur</hw> \K/kQn\F'\n"s\F'\n:/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(often foll. by \Bof,\b \Bin)\b\i an expert judge in matters of taste \3(a connoisseur of fine wine).\c \Bconnoisseurship\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French, obsolete spelling of \Iconnaisseur,\i from pres. stem of \Iconnaεtre\i 'know' + \I-eur\i \J\X-or\x (1):\j cf. \J\Xreconnoitre\x\j\c
<hw>connotation</hw> \K/kQn\F'\n"teIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ILinguistics\i that which is implied by a word etc. in addition to its literal or primary meaning \3(a letter with sinister connotations).\c\p\B2\b the act of connoting or implying.
<hw>connote</hw> \K/k\F'\n"n\F'\nUt/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \ILinguistics\i (of a word etc.) imply in addition to the literal or primary meaning.\p\B2\b (of a fact) imply as a consequence or condition.\p\B3\b mean, signify. \Bconnotative\b \K/"kQn\F'\nteItIv/, /k\F'\n"n\F'\nUt\F'\ntIv/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Iconnotare\i 'mark in addition' (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Inotare\i from \Inota\i 'mark')\c \IConnote\i and \Idenote\i are sometimes confused. \IConnote\i means 'to imply in addition to the primary meaning', e.g. \IThe words were harmless but the ideas they connoted were dangerous.\i In popular usage it is frequently used to mean 'convey to the mind' or 'mean' and hence verges on the sense of \Idenote.\i
<hw>connubial</hw> \K/k\F'\n"nju:bI\F'\nl/\k \Iadj.\i of or relating to marriage or the relationship of husband and wife. \Bconnubiality\b \K/-bI"alIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bconnubially\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iconnubialis\i from \Iconnubium\i 'marriage' (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Inubium\i from \Inubere\i 'marry')\c
<hw>conquer</hw> \K/"kQNk\F'\n/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \IMil\i \Ba\b overcome and control (an enemy or territory) by military force. \Bb\b \Iabsol.\i be victorious.\p\B2\b overcome (a habit, emotion, disability, etc.) by effort \3(conquered his fear).\c\p\B3\b \IMountaineering\i climb (a mountain) successfully. \Bconquerable\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iconquerre\i and Romanic from Latin \Iconquirere\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Iquaerere\i 'seek, get')\c
<hw>conqueror</hw> \K/"kQNk(\F'\n)r\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person who conquers.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b = \J\Xconker\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Anglo-French \Iconquerour\i (Old French \I-eor),\i from \Iconquerre\i (as \J\Xconquer\x)\j\c
<hw>conquest</hw> \K/"kQNkwEst/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMil\i the act or an instance of conquering; the state of being conquered.\p\B2\b \Ba\b conquered territory. \Bb\b something won.\p\B3\b a person whose affection or favour has been won.\p\B4\b \B(the Conquest, the Norman Conquest)\b \IMil\i the conquest of England by William of Normandy in 1066.\p\1make a conquest of\c win the affections of. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iconquest(e)\i from Romanic (as \J\Xconquer\x)\j\c
<hw>conquistador</hw> \K/kQn"kwIst\F'\ndO:/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bconquistadores\b \K/-"dO:reIz/\k or \Bconquistadors)\b \IMil\i a conqueror, esp. one of the Spanish conquerors of Mexico and Peru in the 16th c. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish\c
<hw>con-rod</hw> \K/"kQnrQd/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IMech\i \Icolloq.\i connecting rod. \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation\c
<hw>Cons.</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IPolit\i Conservative.
<hw>consanguineous</hw> \K/kQnsaN"gwInI\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i descended from the same ancestor; akin. \Bconsanguinity\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iconsanguineus\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Isanguis -inis\i 'blood')\c
<hw>conscience</hw> \K/"kQnS(\F'\n)ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a moral sense of right and wrong esp. as felt by a person and affecting behaviour \3(my conscience won't allow me to do that).\c\p\B2\b an inner feeling as to the goodness or otherwise of one's behaviour \3(my conscience is clear;\c \2has a guilty conscience).\c\p\1for conscience (or conscience') sake\c to satisfy one's conscience.\p\1in all conscience\c \Icolloq.\i by any reasonable standard; by all that is fair.\p\1on one's conscience\c causing one feelings of guilt. \Bconscienceless\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3earlier in the sense 'inner thoughts or knowledge', Middle English via Old French from Latin \Iconscientia,\i from \Iconscire\i 'be privy to' (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Iscire\i 'know')\c
<hw>conscience clause</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i a clause in a law, ensuring respect for the consciences of those affected.
<hw>conscience money</hw>\p\In.\i\pa sum paid to relieve one's conscience, esp. about a payment previously evaded.
<hw>conscience-stricken</hw> \Iadj.\i (also \Bconscience-struck)\b made uneasy by a bad conscience.
<hw>conscientious</hw> \K/kQnSI"EnS\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i (of a person or conduct) diligent and scrupulous. \Bconscientiously\b \Iadv.\i \Bconscientiousness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Iconsciencieux\i from medieval Latin \Iconscientiosus\i (as \J\Xconscience\x)\j\c
<hw>conscientious objector</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPolit Mil\i a person who for reasons of conscience objects to conforming to a requirement, esp. that of military service.
<hw>conscious</hw> \K/"kQnS\F'\ns/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IMed\i awake and aware of one's surroundings and identity.\p\B2\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bof,\b or \Bthat\b + clause)\i aware, knowing \3(conscious of his inferiority).\c\p\B3\b (of actions, emotions, etc.) realized or recognized by the doer; intentional \3(made a conscious effort not to laugh).\c\p\B4\b \I(in \Bcomb.)\b\i aware of; concerned with \3(fashion-conscious).\c\p\In.\i\p\I(prec. by \Bthe)\b\i \IPsychol Med\i the conscious mind. \Bconsciously\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iconscius\i 'knowing with others or in oneself' from \Iconscire\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Iscire\i 'know')\c
<hw>consciousness</hw> \K/"kQnS\F'\nsnIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMed\i the state of being conscious \3(lost consciousness during the fight).\c\p\B2\b \Ba\b awareness, perception \3(had no consciousness of being ridiculed).\c \Bb\b \I(in \Bcomb.)\b\i awareness of \3(class-consciousness).\c\p\B3\b \IPsychol\i the totality of a person's thoughts, feelings, and sensations, or of a class of these \3(moral consciousness).\c
<hw>consciousness-raising</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ISociol Polit\i the activity of increasing esp. social or political sensitivity or awareness.
<hw>conscript</hw> \Iv. & n.\i \IMil\i \Iv.tr.\i \K/k\F'\nn"skrIpt/\k enlist by conscription.\p\In.\i\p\K/"kQnskrIpt/\k a person enlisted by conscription. \BEtymology:\b \3verb is a back-formation from \J\Xconscription\x:\j noun via French \Iconscrit\i from Latin \Iconscriptus\i (as \J\Xconscription\x)\j\c
<hw>conscription</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"skrIpS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i compulsory enlistment for state service, esp. military service. \BEtymology:\b \3French via Late Latin \Iconscriptio\i 'levying of troops' from Latin \Iconscribere conscript-\i 'enrol' (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Iscribere\i 'write')\c
<hw>consecrate</hw> \K/"kQnsIkreIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i \IRelig\i\p\B1\b make or declare sacred; dedicate formally to a religious or divine purpose.\p\B2\b (in Christian belief) make (bread and wine) into the body and blood of Christ.\p\B3\b \I(foll. by \Bto)\b\i devote (one's life etc.) to (a purpose).\p\B4\b \IRelig\i ordain (esp. a bishop) to a sacred office. \Bconsecration\b \K/-"kreIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bconsecrator\b\p\In.\i\p\Bconsecratory\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Iconsecrare\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Isecrare\i = \Isacrare\i 'dedicate' from \Isacer\i 'sacred')\c
<hw>consecution</hw> \K/kQnsI"kju:S(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b logical sequence (in argument or reasoning).\p\B2\b sequence, succession (of events etc.). \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iconsecutio\i from \Iconsequi consecut-\i 'overtake' (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Isequi\i 'pursue')\c
<hw>consecutive</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"sEkjUtIv/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b following continuously. \Bb\b in unbroken or logical order.\p\B2\b \IGram.\i expressing consequence. \Bconsecutively\b \Iadv.\i \Bconsecutiveness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \IconsΘcutif -ive\i from medieval Latin \Iconsecutivus\i (as \J\Xconsecution\x)\j\c
<hw>consecutive intervals</hw> \In.pl.\i \IMus.\i intervals of the same kind (esp. fifths or octaves), occurring in succession between two voices or parts in harmony.
<hw>consensual</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"sEnsjU\F'\nl/, /-SU\F'\nl/\k \Iadj.\i of or by consent or consensus. \Bconsensually\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iconsensus\i (see \J\Xconsensus\x)\j + \J\X-al\x\j\c
<hw>consensus</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"sEns\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(often foll. by \Bof)\b\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b general agreement (of opinion, testimony, etc.). \Bb\b an instance of this.\p\B2\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i majority view; collective opinion \3(consensus politics).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = agreement (as \J\Xconsent\x)\j\c
<hw>consent</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"sEnt/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.intr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i express willingness; give permission; agree.\p\In.\i\pvoluntary agreement; permission; compliance. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iconsentir\i from Latin \Iconsentire\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Isentire sens-\i 'feel')\c
<hw>consentient</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"sEnS(\F'\n)nt/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b agreeing; united in opinion.\p\B2\b concurrent.\p\B3\b \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i consenting. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iconsentient-\i (as \J\Xconsent\x)\j\c
<hw>consenting adult</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i an adult who consents to something, esp. \BBrit.\b a homosexual act.\Ksense a homosexual omitted f. COD9 Sep 93\k
<hw>consequence</hw> \K/"kQnsIkw(\F'\n)ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the result or effect of an action or condition.\p\B2\b \Ba\b importance \3(it is of no consequence).\c \Bb\b social distinction \3(persons of consequence).\c\p\B3\b \I(in \Bpl.,\b often treated as \Bsing.)\b\i \IGames\i a game in which a narrative (usu. describing the meeting of a man and woman and its consequences) is made up by the players, each ignorant of what has already been contributed.\p\1in consequence\c as a result.\p\1take the consequences\c accept the results of one's choice or action. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Iconsequentia\i (as \J\Xconsequent\x)\j\c
<hw>consequent</hw> \K/"kQnsIkw(\F'\n)nt/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bon,\b \Bupon)\b\i following as a result or consequence.\p\B2\b logically consistent.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a thing that follows another.\p\B2\b \ILogic\i the second part of a conditional proposition, dependent on the antecedent. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Iconsequi\i 'overtake' (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Isequi\i 'pursue')\c
<hw>consequential</hw> \K/kQnsI"kwEnS(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b following as a result or consequence.\p\B2\b resulting indirectly \3(consequential damage).\c\p\B3\b important; significant.\Ksense self-important omitted; important new from NSOED Sep 93\k \Bconsequentiality\b \K/-SI"alIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bconsequentially\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iconsequentia\i\c
<hw>consequentialism</hw> \K/kQnsI"kwEnS(\F'\n)lIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhilos.\i the doctrine that the morality of an action is to be judged solely by its consequences. \Bconsequentialist\b \Iadj. & n.\i\Knew f. corpus, incomings, OED Sep 93\k
<hw>consequently</hw> \K/"kQnsIkw(\F'\n)ntli/\k \Iadv. & conj.\i as a result; therefore.
<hw>conservancy</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"s\F'\n:v(\F'\n)nsi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b a commission etc. controlling a port, river, etc. \3(Thames Conservancy).\c\p\B2\b a body concerned with the preservation of natural resources \3(Nature Conservancy).\c\p\B3\b conservation; official preservation (of forests etc.). \BEtymology:\b \318th-c. alteration of obsolete \Iconservacy,\i from Anglo-French \Iconservacie\i via Anglo-Latin \Iconservatia\i from Latin \Iconservatio\i (as \J\Xconserve\x)\j\c
<hw>conservation</hw> \K/kQns\F'\n"veIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IEcol.\i preservation, esp. of the natural environment.\p\1conservation of energy\c (or \Bmass\b or \Bmomentum\b etc.) \IPhysics\i the principle that the total quantity of energy (or mass, momentum, etc.) remains constant in a system not subject to external influence. \Bconservational\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iconservation\i or Latin \Iconservatio\i (as \J\Xconserve\x)\j\c
<hw>conservation area</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IEcol. Law\i an area containing a noteworthy environment and specially protected by law against undesirable changes.
<hw>conservationist</hw> \K/kQns\F'\n"veIS(\F'\n)nIst/\k\p\In.\i\p\IEcol.\i a supporter or advocate of environmental conservation.
<hw>conservative</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"s\F'\n:v\F'\ntIv/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b averse to rapid change. \Bb\b (of views, taste, etc.) moderate; avoiding extremes \3(conservative in his dress).\c\p\B2\b (of an estimate etc.) purposely low; moderate, cautious.\p\B3\b \B(Conservative)\b \IPolit\i of or characteristic of Conservatives or the Conservative Party.\p\B4\b tending to conserve.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a conservative person.\p\B2\b \B(Conservative)\b \IPolit\i a supporter or member of the Conservative Party. \Bconservatism\b\p\In.\i\p\Bconservatively\b \Iadv.\i \Bconservativeness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Late Latin \Iconservativus\i (as \J\Xconserve\x)\j\c
<hw>Conservative Judaism</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IRelig Judaism\i Judaism allowing only minor changes in traditional ritual etc.
<hw>Conservative Party</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i\p\B1\b a British political party promoting free enterprise and private ownership.\p\B2\b a similar party elsewhere.
<hw>conservative surgery</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMed Surgery\i surgery that seeks to preserve tissues as far as possible.
<hw>conservatoire</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"s\F'\n:v\F'\ntwA:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMus Art\i a (usu. European) school of music or other arts. \BEtymology:\b \3French from Italian \Iconservatorio\i (as \J\Xconservatory\x)\j\c
<hw>conservator</hw> \K/"kQns\F'\nveIt\F'\n/, /k\F'\nn"s\F'\n:v\F'\nt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pa person who preserves something; an official custodian (of a museum etc.). \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Anglo-French \Iconservatour,\i Old French \I-ateur\i via Latin \Iconservator -oris\i (as \J\Xconserve\x)\j\c
<hw>conservatory</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"s\F'\n:v\F'\nt(\F'\n)ri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b a greenhouse for tender plants; a room, esp. one attached to and communicating with a house, designed for the growing or displaying of plants.\p\B2\b = \J\Xsun lounge\x.\j\Ksense 2 new f. corpus Mar 94\k\p\B3\b \Besp. N. Amer.\b \IMus Art\i = \J\Xconservatoire\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Iconservatorium\i (as \J\Xconserve\x):\j sense 3 via Italian \Iconservatorio\i\c
<hw>conserve</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"s\F'\n:v/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b store up; keep from harm or damage, esp. for later use.\p\B2\b \IPhysics\i maintain a quantity of (heat etc.).\p\B3\b \ICookery\i preserve (food, esp. fruit), usu. with sugar.\p\In.\i\p\Kalso /"kQns\F'\n:v/\k\ICookery\i\p\B1\b fruit etc. preserved in sugar.\p\B2\b fresh fruit jam. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iconserver\i from Latin \Iconservare\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Iservare\i 'keep')\c
<hw>consider</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"sId\F'\n/\k \Iv.tr.\i \I(often \Babsol.)\b\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b contemplate mentally, esp. in order to reach a conclusion; give attention to. \Bb\b examine the merits of (a course of action, a candidate, claim, etc.).\p\B2\b look attentively at.\Ksense 2 new in COD9 f. NSOED, POD Sep 93\k\p\B3\b take into account; show regard for.\p\B4\b \I(foll. by \Bthat\b + clause)\i have the opinion.\p\B5\b \I(foll. by compl.)\i believe; regard as \3(consider it to be genuine;\c \2consider it settled).\c\p\B6\b (as \Bconsidered\b \Iadj.)\i formed after careful thought \3(a considered opinion).\c\p\1all things considered\c taking everything into account. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iconsiderer\i from Latin \Iconsiderare\i 'examine'\c
<hw>considerable</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"sId(\F'\n)r\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b enough in amount or extent to merit consideration; much; a lot of \3(considerable pain).\c\p\B2\b notable, important \3(considerable achievement).\c \Bconsiderably\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>considerate</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"sId(\F'\n)r\F'\nt/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b thoughtful towards other people; careful not to cause hurt or inconvenience.\p\B2\b \Iarchaic\i careful. \Bconsiderately\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>consideration</hw> \K/k\F'\nnsId\F'\n"reIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act of considering; careful thought.\p\B2\b thoughtfulness for others; being considerate.\p\B3\b a fact or a thing taken into account in deciding or judging something.\p\B4\b compensation; a payment or reward.\p\B5\b \ILaw\i (in a contractual agreement) anything given or promised or forborne by one party in exchange for the promise or undertaking of another.\p\B6\b \Iarchaic\i importance or consequence.\p\1in consideration of\c in return for; on account of.\p\1take into consideration\c include as a factor, reason, etc.; make allowance for.\p\1under consideration\c being considered. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Iconsideratio -onis\i (as \J\Xconsider\x)\j\c
<hw>considering</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"sId(\F'\n)rIN/\k \Iprep., conj., & adv.\i \Iprep. & conj.\i in view of; taking into consideration \3(considering their youth;\c \2considering that it was snowing).\c \Iadv.\i \Icolloq.\i all in all; taking everything into account \3(not so bad, considering).\c
<hw>consign</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"sVIn/\k \Iv.tr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i\p\B1\b hand over; deliver to a person's possession or trust.\p\B2\b assign; commit decisively or permanently \3(consigned it to the dustbin;\c \2consigned to years of misery).\c\p\B3\b transmit or send (goods), usu. by a public carrier. \Bconsignee\b \K/kQnsVI"ni:/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bconsignor\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from French \Iconsigner\i or Latin \Iconsignare\i 'mark with a seal' (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Isignare\i 'sign'\c
<hw>consignment</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"sVInm(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or an instance of consigning; the process of being consigned.\p\B2\b a batch of goods consigned.
<hw>consist</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"sIst/\k \Iv.intr.\i\p\B1\b \I(foll. by \Bof)\b\i be composed of; have ingredients or elements as specified \3(the house consists of five rooms).\c\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bin)\b\i have its essential features as specified \3(its beauty consists in the use of colour).\c\p\B3\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bwith)\b\i harmonize; be consistent. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iconsistere\i 'stand firm or still, exist' (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Isistere\i 'stop')\c
<hw>consistency</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"sIst(\F'\n)nsi/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bconsistence)\b \I(pl.\i \B-ies\b or \B-es)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b the degree of firmness with which a substance holds together. \Bb\b the degree of density, esp. of thick liquids.\p\B2\b the state of being consistent; conformity with other or earlier attitudes, practice, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iconsistence\i or Late Latin \Iconsistentia\i (as \J\Xconsist\x)\j\c
<hw>consistent</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"sIst(\F'\n)nt/\k \Iadj.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bwith)\b\i\p\B1\b compatible or in harmony; not contradictory.\p\B2\b (of a person) constant to the same principles of thought or action. \Bconsistently\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iconsistere\i (as \J\Xconsist\x)\j\c
<hw>consistory</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"sIst(\F'\n)ri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \IRC Ch.\i the council of cardinals (with or without the Pope).\p\B2\b (in full \Bconsistory court)\b \IEccl\i (in the Church of England) a court presided over by a bishop, for the administration of ecclesiastical law in a diocese.\p\B3\b \IEccl\i (in other Churches) a local administrative body. \Bconsistorial\b \K/kQnsI"stO:rI\F'\nl/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Anglo-French \Iconsistorie,\i Old French \I-oire\i from Late Latin \Iconsistorium\i (as \J\Xconsist\x)\j\c
<hw>consociation</hw> \K/kQns\F'\nUSI"eIS(\F'\n)n/, /-s\F'\nUsI-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IEccl\i close association, esp. of Churches or religious communities.\p\B2\b \IEcol.\i a closely related sub-group of plants having one dominant species. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iconsociatio,\i \I-onis\i from \Iconsociare\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Isocius\i 'fellow')\c
<hw>consolation</hw> \K/kQns\F'\n"leIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or an instance of consoling; the state of being consoled.\p\B2\b a consoling thing, person, or circumstance. \Bconsolatory\b \K/k\F'\nn"sQl\F'\nt(\F'\n)ri/, /-"s\F'\nUl-/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Iconsolatio -onis\i (as \J\Xconsole\x (1))\j\c
<hw>consolation prize</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IGames\i a prize given to a competitor who just fails to win a main prize.
<hw>console (1)</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"s\F'\nUl/\k \Iv.tr.\i comfort, esp. in grief or disappointment. \Bconsolable\b \Iadj.\i \Bconsoler\b\p\In.\i\p\Bconsolingly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iconsoler\i from Latin \Iconsolari\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Isolari\i 'soothe')\c See Usage Note at \J\Xcondole\x.\j
<hw>console (2)</hw> \K/"kQns\F'\nUl/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a panel or unit accommodating a set of switches, controls, etc.\p\B2\b a cabinet for television or radio equipment etc.\p\B3\b \IMus.\i a cabinet with the keyboards, stops, pedals, etc., of an organ.\p\B4\b \IArchit\i an ornamented bracket supporting a shelf etc. \BEtymology:\b \3French, perhaps from \Iconsolider\i (as \J\Xconsolidate\x)\j\c
<hw>console table</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IFurniture\i a table supported by a bracket against a wall.
<hw>consolidate</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"sQlIdeIt/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr. & intr.\i make or become strong or solid.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i reinforce or strengthen (one's position, power, etc.).\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \IPolit Econ\i combine (territories, companies, debts, etc.) into one whole. \Bconsolidation\b \K/-"deIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bconsolidator\b\p\In.\i\p\Bconsolidatory\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iconsolidare\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Isolidare\i from \Isolidus\i 'solid')\c
<hw>consolidated fund</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bconsolidated annuities)\b \BBrit.\b \IEcon\i a Bank of England fund into which tax revenue is paid and from which payments not dependent on annual votes in Parliament are made.
<hw>consols</hw> \K/"kQns(\F'\n)lz/\k \In.pl.\i \ICommerce\i British government securities without redemption date and with fixed annual interest. \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation of \Iconsolidated annuities\i\c
<hw>consommΘ</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"sQmeI/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i a clear soup made with concentrated meat stock. \BEtymology:\b \3French, past part. of \Iconsommer\i from Latin \Iconsummare\i (as \J\Xconsummate\x)\j\c
<hw>consonance</hw> \K/"kQns(\F'\n)n\F'\nns/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b agreement, harmony.\p\B2\b \IProsody\i a recurrence of similar-sounding consonants.\p\B3\b \IMus.\i a harmonious combination of notes; a harmonious interval. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iconsonance\i or Latin \Iconsonantia\i (as \J\Xconsonant\x)\j\c
<hw>consonant</hw> \K/"kQns(\F'\n)n\F'\nnt/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\ILinguistics\i\p\B1\b a speech sound in which the breath is at least partly obstructed, and which to form a syllable must be combined with a vowel.\p\B2\b a letter or letters representing this. \Iadj.\i \I(foll. by \Bwith,\b \Bto)\b\i\p\B1\b consistent; in agreement or harmony.\p\B2\b similar in sound.\p\B3\b \IMus.\i making a concord. \Bconsonantal\b \K/-"nant(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Bconsonantly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via French from Latin \Iconsonare\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Isonare\i 'to sound' from \Isonus)\i\c
<hw>con sordino</hw> \K/kQn sO:"di:n\F'\nU/\k \Iadv.\i \IMus.\i with the use of a mute. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian\c
<hw>consort (1)</hw> \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\K/"kQnsO:t/\k\p\B1\b a wife or husband, esp. of royalty \3(prince consort).\c\p\B2\b a companion; an associate.\Ksense 2 new f. F. Abate, corpus Nov 94\k\p\B3\b \INaut\i a ship sailing with another.\p\Iv.\i\p\K/k\F'\nn"sO:t/\k\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bwith,\b \Btogether)\b\i \Ba\b keep company; associate. \Bb\b harmonize.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i class or bring together. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via French from Latin \Iconsors\i 'sharer, comrade' (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Isors sortis\i 'lot, destiny')\c
<hw>consort (2)</hw> \K/"kQnsO:t/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMus.\i a group of musicians who regularly perform together, esp. playing early music \3(recorder consort).\c \BEtymology:\b \3earlier form of \J\Xconcert\x\j\c
<hw>consortium</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"sO:tI\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bconsortia\b \K/-tI\F'\n/\k or \Bconsortiums)\b \ICommerce\i\p\B1\b an association, esp. of several business companies.\p\B2\b \ILaw\i the right of association with a husband or wife \3(loss of consortium).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = partnership (as \J\Xconsort\x (1))\j\c
<hw>conspecific</hw> \K/kQnsp\F'\n"sIfIk/\k \Iadj.\i \IBiol.\i of the same species.
<hw>conspectus</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"spEkt\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a general or comprehensive survey.\p\B2\b a summary or synopsis. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin from \Iconspicere conspect-\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Ispicere\i 'look at')\c
<hw>conspicuous</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"spIkjU\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b clearly visible; striking to the eye \3(a conspicuous hole in his shirt).\c\p\B2\b remarkable; noteworthy \3(a conspicuous success).\c\p\B3\b (of expenditure etc.) lavish, with a view to enhancing one's prestige.\Ksense 3 new f. OERD Jun 94\k \Bconspicuously\b \Iadv.\i \Bconspicuousness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iconspicuus\i (as \J\Xconspectus\x)\j\c
<hw>conspiracy</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"spIr\F'\nsi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b a secret plan to commit a crime or do harm, often for political ends; a plot.\p\B2\b the act of conspiring. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Anglo-French \Iconspiracie,\i alteration of Old French \Iconspiration,\i from Latin \Iconspiratio -onis\i (as \J\Xconspire\x)\j\c
<hw>conspiracy of silence</hw>\p\In.\i\pan agreement to say nothing.
<hw>conspiracy theory</hw>\p\In.\i\pa belief that some covert but influential agency or organization is responsible for an unexplained event.\Knew f. OERD Jun 94\k
<hw>conspirator</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"spIr\F'\nt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pa person who takes part in a conspiracy. \Bconspiratorial\b \K/-"tO:rI\F'\nl/\k \Iadj.\i \Bconspiratorially\b \K/-"tO:rI\F'\nli/\k \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Anglo-French \Iconspiratour,\i Old French \I-teur\i (as \J\Xconspire\x)\j\c
<hw>conspire</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"spVI\F'\n/\k \Iv.intr.\i\p\B1\b combine secretly to plan and prepare an unlawful or harmful act.\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Bagainst,\b or \Bto\b + infin.)\i (of events or circumstances) seem to be working together, esp. disadvantageously. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iconspirer\i from Latin \Iconspirare\i 'agree, plot' (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Ispirare\i 'breathe')\c
<hw>constable</hw> \K/"kVnst\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/, /"kQn-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Besp. Brit.\b \ICriminol\i \Ba\b a policeman or policewoman. \Bb\b (also \Bpolice constable)\b a police officer of the lowest rank.\p\B2\b the governor of a royal castle.\p\B3\b \Ihist.\i the principal officer in a royal household. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iconestable\i from Late Latin \Icomes stabuli\i 'count (head officer) of the stable'\c
<hw>constabulary</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"stabjUl\F'\nri/\k \In. & adj.\i \ICriminol\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b an organized body of police; a police force. \Iattrib.adj.\i of or concerning the police force. \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Iconstabularius\i (as \J\Xconstable\x)\j\c
<hw>constancy</hw> \K/"kQnst(\F'\n)nsi/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the quality of being unchanging and dependable; faithfulness.\p\B2\b firmness, endurance. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iconstantia\i (as \J\Xconstant\x)\j\c
<hw>constant</hw> \K/"kQnst(\F'\n)nt/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b continuous \3(needs constant attention).\c\p\B2\b occurring frequently \3(receive constant complaints).\c\p\B3\b \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i unchanging, faithful, dependable.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b anything that does not vary.\p\B2\b \IMath.\i a component of a relationship between variables that does not change its value.\p\B3\b \IPhysics\i \Ba\b a number expressing a relation, property, etc., and remaining the same in all circumstances. \Bb\b such a number that remains the same for a substance in the same conditions. \Bconstantly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Iconstare\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Istare\i 'stand')\c
<hw>constantan</hw> \K/"kQnst(\F'\n)ntan/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i an alloy of copper and nickel used in electrical equipment. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xconstant\x\j + \J\X-an\x\j\c
<hw>constellate</hw> \K/"kQnst\F'\nleIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b form into (or as if into) a constellation.\p\B2\b adorn as with stars.
<hw>constellation</hw> \K/kQnst\F'\n"leIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IAstron Astrol\i a group of fixed stars whose outline is traditionally regarded as forming a particular figure.\p\B2\b a group of associated persons, ideas, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Late Latin \Iconstellatio -onis\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Istella\i 'star')\c
<hw>consternate</hw> \K/"kQnst\F'\nneIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i \I(usu. in \Bpassive)\b\i dismay; fill with anxiety. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iconsternare\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Isternere\i 'throw down')\c
<hw>consternation</hw> \K/kQnst\F'\n"neIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\panxiety or dismay causing mental confusion. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iconsternation\i or Latin \Iconsternatio\i (as \J\Xconsternate\x)\j\c
<hw>constipate</hw> \K/"kQnstIpeIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i (esp. as \Bconstipated\b \Iadj.)\i \IMed\i affect with constipation. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iconstipare\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Istipare\i 'press')\c
<hw>constipation</hw> \K/kQnstI"peIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMed\i a condition with hardened faeces and difficulty in emptying the bowels.\p\B2\b a restricted state. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iconstipation\i or Late Latin \Iconstipatio\i (as \J\Xconstipate\x)\j\c
<hw>constituency</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"stItjU\F'\nnsi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \IPolit\i a body of voters in a specified area who elect a representative member to a legislative body.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b \IPolit\i the area represented in this way.\p\B3\b a body of customers, supporters, etc.
<hw>constituent</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"stItjU\F'\nnt/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b composing or helping to make up a whole.\p\B2\b \IPolit\i able to make or change a (political etc.) constitution \3(constituent assembly).\c\p\B3\b appointing or electing.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPolit\i a member of a constituency (esp. political).\p\B2\b a component part.\p\B3\b \ILaw\i a person who appoints another as agent. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iconstituent-,\i partly via French \Iconstituant\i (as \J\Xconstitute\x)\j\c
<hw>constitute</hw> \K/"kQnstItju:t/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b be the components or essence of; make up, form.\p\B2\b \Ba\b be equivalent or tantamount to \3(this constitutes an official warning).\c \Bb\b formally establish \3(does not constitute a precedent).\c\p\B3\b \ILaw Polit\i give legal or constitutional form to; establish by law.\Kconstitutor omitted Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iconstituere\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Istatuere\i 'set up')\c
<hw>constitution</hw> \K/kQnstI"tju:S(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or method of constituting; the composition (of something).\p\B2\b \IPolit\i \Ba\b the body of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organization is acknowledged to be governed. \Bb\b a (usu. written) record of this.\p\B3\b \IAnat\i a person's physical state as regards vitality, health, strength, etc.\p\B4\b \IPsychol\i a person's mental or psychological make-up.\p\B5\b \Ihist.\i a decree or ordinance. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iconstitution\i or Latin \Iconstitutio\i (as \J\Xconstitute\x)\j\c
<hw>constitutional</hw> \K/kQnstI"tju:S(\F'\n)n(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IPolit\i of, consistent with, authorized by, or limited by a political constitution \3(a constitutional monarchy).\c\p\B2\b \IAnat\i inherent in, stemming from, or affecting the physical or mental constitution.\p\In.\i\pa walk taken regularly to maintain or restore good health. \Bconstitutionality\b \K/-"nalIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bconstitutionalize\b \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise).\b \Bconstitutionally\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>constitutionalism</hw> \K/kQnstI"tju:S(\F'\n)n(\F'\n)lIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i\p\B1\b a constitutional system of government.\p\B2\b the adherence to or advocacy of such a system. \Bconstitutionalist\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>constitutive</hw> \K/"kQnstItju:tIv/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b able to form or appoint.\p\B2\b component.\p\B3\b essential. \Bconstitutively\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Iconstitutivus\i (as \J\Xconstitute\x)\j\c
<hw>constrain</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"streIn/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b compel; urge irresistibly or by necessity.\p\B2\b \Ba\b confine forcibly; imprison. \Bb\b restrict severely as regards action, behaviour, etc.\p\B3\b bring about by compulsion.\p\B4\b (as \Bconstrained\b \Iadj.)\i forced, embarrassed \3(a constrained voice;\c \2a constrained manner).\c \Bconstrainedly\b \K/k\F'\nn"streInIdli/\k \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iconstraindre\i from Latin \Iconstringere\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Istringere strict-\i 'tie')\c
<hw>constraint</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"streInt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or result of constraining or being constrained; restriction of liberty.\p\B2\b something that constrains; a limitation on motion or action.\p\B3\b the restraint of natural feelings or their expression; a constrained manner. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iconstreinte,\i fem. past part. of \Iconstraindre\i (as \J\Xconstrain\x)\j\c
<hw>constrict</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"strIkt/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b make narrow or tight; compress.\p\B2\b \IBiol.\i cause (organic tissue) to contract. \Bconstriction\b\p\In.\i\p\Bconstrictive\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, past part. stem of \Iconstringere\i (as \J\Xconstrain\x)\j\c
<hw>constrictor</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"strIkt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool\i any snake (esp. a boa) that kills by coiling round its prey and compressing it.\p\B2\b \IAnat.\i any muscle that compresses or contracts an organ or part of the body. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin (as \J\Xconstrict\x)\j\c
<hw>construct</hw> \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.tr.\i \K/k\F'\nn"strVkt/\k\p\B1\b make by fitting parts together; build, form (something physical or abstract).\p\B2\b \IGeom.\i draw or delineate, esp. accurately to given conditions \3(construct a triangle).\c\p\In.\i\p\K/"kQnstrVkt/\k\p\B1\b a thing constructed, esp. by the mind.\p\B2\b \ILinguistics\i a group of words forming a phrase. \Bconstructor\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iconstruere construct-\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Istruere\i 'pile, build')\c
<hw>construction</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"strVkS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or a mode of constructing.\p\B2\b a thing constructed.\p\B3\b an interpretation or explanation \3(they put a generous construction on his act).\c\p\B4\b \IGram.\i an arrangement of words according to syntactical rules. \Bconstructional\b \Iadj.\i \Bconstructionally\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Iconstructio -onis\i (as \J\Xconstruct\x)\j\c
<hw>constructionism</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"strVkS(\F'\n)nIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IArt\i = \J\Xconstructivism\x.\j\p\B2\b \BUS\b \ILaw\i interpretation of a legal document in a specified way \3(strict constructionism).\c\Ksense 2 new f. F. Abate Nov 94\k \Bconstructionist\b\p\In.\i\p\I(also \Battrib.).\b\i\K-ist new in COD9 f. NSOED Sep 93\k
<hw>construction site</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBuilding\i = \J\Xbuilding site\x.\j\Knew f. corpus Dec 94\k
<hw>constructive</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"strVktIv/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of construction; tending to construct.\p\B2\b tending to form a basis for ideas; helpful, positive \3(constructive criticism;\c \2a constructive approach)\c (opp. \J\Xdestructive\x 2).\j\p\B3\b \ILaw\i derived by inference; not expressed \3(constructive permission).\c\p\B4\b belonging to the structure of a building. \Bconstructively\b \Iadv.\i \Bconstructiveness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Iconstructivus\i (as \J\Xconstruct\x)\j\c
<hw>constructive dismissal</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i the changing of an employee's job or working conditions with the aim of forcing resignation.\Knew in COD9 f. Incomings, COD box Sep 93\k
<hw>constructivism</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"strVktIvIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IArt\i a Russian movement in which assorted (usu. mechanical or industrial) objects are combined into non-representational and mobile structural forms. \Bconstructivist\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xconstructive\x\j + \J\X-ism\x,\j transliterating Russian \Ikonstruktivizm\i\c
<hw>construe</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"stru:/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(construes,\b \Bconstrued,\b \Bconstruing)\b\p\B1\b interpret (words or actions) \3(their decision can be construed in many ways).\c\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i combine (words) grammatically \3('rely' is construed with 'on').\c\p\B3\b \IGram\i analyse the syntax of (a sentence).\p\B4\b translate word for word. \Bconstruable\b \Iadj.\i \Bconstrual\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Iconstruere\i \J\Xconstruct\x\j\c
<hw>consubstantial</hw> \K/kQns\F'\nb"stanS(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \ITheol.\i of the same substance (esp. of the three persons of the Trinity). \Bconsubstantiality\b \K/-SI"alIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from ecclesiastical Latin \Iconsubstantialis,\i translation of Greek \Ihomoousios\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \J\Xsubstantial\x)\j\c
<hw>consubstantiation</hw> \K/%kQns\F'\nbstanSI"eIS(\F'\n)n/, /-sI-/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITheol.\i (the doctrine of) the real substantial presence of the body and blood of Christ together with the bread and wine in the Eucharist. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \Iconsubstantiatio,\i suggested by \Itransubstantiatio\i \J\Xtransubstantiation\x\j\c
<hw>consuetude</hw> \K/"kQnswItju:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i a custom, esp. one having legal force in Scotland. \Bconsuetudinary\b \K/-"tju:dIn(\F'\n)ri/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iconsuetude\i or Latin \Iconsuetudo -dinis\i from \Iconsuetus\i 'accustomed'\c
<hw>consul</hw> \K/"kQns(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IDiplomacy\i an official appointed by a state to live in a foreign city and protect the state's citizens and interests there.\p\B2\b \Ihist.\i \IRom.Hist\i either of two annually elected chief magistrates in ancient Rome.\p\B3\b any of the three chief magistrates of the French republic (1799-1804). \Bconsular\b \K/"kQnsjUl\F'\n/\k \Iadj.\i \Bconsulship\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin, related to \Iconsulere\i 'take counsel'\c
<hw>consulate</hw> \K/"kQnsjUl\F'\nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IDiplomacy\i the building officially used by a consul.\p\B2\b the office, position, or period of office of consul.\p\B3\b \Ihist.\i \IRom.Hist\i government by consuls.\p\B4\b \Ihist.\i \IRom.Hist\i the period of office of a consul.\p\B5\b \B(Consulate)\b \Ihist.\i the government of France by three consuls (1799-1804). \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Iconsulatus\i (as \J\Xconsul\x)\j\c
<hw>consult</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"sVlt/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i seek information or advice from (a person, book, watch, etc.).\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i refer to a person for advice, an opinion, etc.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i seek permission or approval from (a person) for a proposed action.\p\B4\b \Itr.\i take into account; consider (feelings, interests, etc.). \Bconsultative\b \K/-t\F'\ntIv/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iconsulter\i from Latin \Iconsultare,\i frequentative of \Iconsulere consult-\i 'take counsel'\c
<hw>consultancy</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"sVlt(\F'\n)nsi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b the professional practice or position of a consultant.
<hw>consultant</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"sVlt(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person providing professional advice etc., esp. for a fee.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b \IMed\i a senior specialist in a branch of medicine responsible for patients in a hospital. \BEtymology:\b \3probably French (as \J\Xconsult\x)\j\c
<hw>consultation</hw> \K/kQns\F'\nl"teIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a meeting arranged to consult (esp. with a consultant).\p\B2\b the act or an instance of consulting.\p\B3\b a conference. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iconsultation\i or Latin \Iconsultatio\i from \Iconsultare\i (as \J\Xconsult\x)\j\c
<hw>consultee</hw> \K/kQnsVl"ti:/\k\p\In.\i\pa person who is consulted.\Knew f. SOED, corpus Sep 93\k
<hw>consulting</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"sVltIN/\k \Iattrib.adj.\i giving professional advice to others working in the same field or subject \3(consulting physician).\c
<hw>consumable</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"sju:m\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i that can be consumed; intended for consumption.\p\In.\i\p\I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i a commodity that is eventually used up, worn out, or eaten.
<hw>consume</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"sju:m/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b eat or drink.\p\B2\b completely destroy; reduce to nothing or to tiny particles \3(fire consumed the building).\c\p\B3\b engage the full attention of; engross; dominate \I(often in \Bpassive,\b foll. by \Bwith\b or \Bby:\b\i \2consumed with rage).\c\p\B4\b use up (time, energy, etc.). \Bconsumingly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Iconsumere\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Isumere sumpt-\i 'take up'): partly through French \Iconsumer\i\c
<hw>consumer</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"sju:m\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IEcon\i\p\B1\b a person who consumes, esp. one who uses a product.\p\B2\b a purchaser of goods or services.
<hw>consumer durable</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i a household product with a relatively long useful life (e.g. a radio or washing machine).
<hw>consumer goods</hw> \In.pl.\i \ICommerce\i goods put to use by consumers, not used in producing other goods \I(opp.\i \J\Xcapital goods\x).\j
<hw>consumerism</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"sju:m\F'\nrIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IEcon\i\p\B1\b the protection or promotion of consumers' interests in relation to the producer.\p\B2\b \Ioften derog.\i a preoccupation with consumer goods and their acquisition.\K2 new in COD9 f. NSOED Sep 93\k \Bconsumerist\b \Iadj. & n.\i
<hw>consumer research</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i investigation of purchasers' needs and opinions.
<hw>consumer society</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IEcon\i a society in which the marketing of goods and services is an important social and economic activity.
<hw>consummate</hw> \Iv. & adj.\i \Iv.tr.\i \K/"kQns\F'\nmeIt/, /-sjU-/\k\p\B1\b complete; make perfect.\p\B2\b \ISex\i complete (a marriage) by sexual intercourse. \Iadj.\i \K/k\F'\nn"sVm\F'\nt/, /"kQnsVm\F'\nt/\k complete, perfect; fully skilled \3(a consummate general).\c \Bconsummately\b \Iadv.\i\Kconsummative omitted Sep 93\k \Bconsummator\b \K/"kQns\F'\nmeIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iconsummare\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Isummare\i 'complete' from \Isummus\i 'utmost')\c
<hw>consummation</hw> \K/kQns\F'\n"meIS(\F'\n)n/, /-sjU-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ISex\i completion, esp. of a marriage by sexual intercourse.\p\B2\b a desired end or goal; perfection. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iconsommation\i or Latin \Iconsummatio\i (as \J\Xconsummate\x)\j\c
<hw>consumption</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"sVm(p)S(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or an instance of consuming; the process of being consumed.\p\B2\b \IMed\i any disease causing wasting of tissues, esp. pulmonary tuberculosis.\p\B3\b an amount consumed.\p\B4\b \IEcon\i the purchase and use of goods etc.\p\B5\b use by a particular person or group \3(a film unfit for children's consumption).\c\K5 new in COD9 f. POD Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iconsomption\i from Latin \Iconsumptio\i (as \J\Xconsume\x)\j\c
<hw>consumptive</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"sVm(p)tIv/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of or tending to consumption.\p\B2\b \IMed\i tending to or affected with pulmonary tuberculosis.\p\In.\i\pa consumptive patient. \Bconsumptively\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Iconsumptivus\i (as \J\Xconsumption\x)\j\c
<hw>contact</hw> \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\K/"kQntakt/\k\p\B1\b the state or condition of touching, meeting, or communicating.\p\B2\b a person who is or may be communicated with for information, supplies, assistance, etc.\p\B3\b \IElectr.\i \Ba\b a connection for the passage of a current. \Bb\b a device for providing this.\p\B4\b \IMed\i a person likely to carry a contagious disease through being associated with an infected person.\p\B5\b \I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i \IOptics\i \Icolloq.\i a contact lens. \Iv.tr.\i \K/"kQntakt/, /k\F'\nn"takt/\k\p\B1\b get into communication with (a person).\p\B2\b begin correspondence or personal dealings with. \Bcontactable\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icontactus\i from \Icontingere\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Itangere\i 'touch')\c
<hw>contact lens</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IOptics\i a small lens placed directly on the eyeball to correct the vision.
<hw>contact print</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhotog\i a photographic print made by placing a negative directly on sensitized paper etc. and illuminating it.
<hw>contact sheet</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhotog\i a contact print showing several or all of the photographs on a film.\Knew f. Incs, corpus Oct 94\k
<hw>contact sport</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ISport\i a sport in which participants necessarily come into bodily contact with one another.
<hw>contagion</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"teIdZ(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMed\i \Ba\b the communication of disease from one person to another by bodily contact. \Bb\b a contagious disease.\p\B2\b a contagious or harmful influence.\p\B3\b moral corruption, esp. when tending to be widespread. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Icontagio\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Itangere\i 'touch')\c
<hw>contagious</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"teIdZ\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IMed\i \Ba\b (of a person) likely to transmit disease by contact. \Bb\b (of a disease) transmitted in this way.\p\B2\b (of emotions, reactions, etc.) likely to affect others \3(contagious enthusiasm).\c \Bcontagiously\b \Iadv.\i \Bcontagiousness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Late Latin \Icontagiosus\i (as \J\Xcontagion\x)\j\c
<hw>contagious abortion</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IVet\i brucellosis of cattle.
<hw>contain</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"teIn/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b hold or be capable of holding within itself; include, comprise.\p\B2\b (of measures) consist of or be equal to \3(a gallon contains eight pints).\c\p\B3\b prevent (an enemy, difficulty, etc.) from moving or extending.\p\B4\b control or restrain (oneself, one's feelings, etc.).\p\B5\b \IMath\i (of a number) be divisible by (a factor) without a remainder. \Bcontainable\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icontenir\i from Latin \Icontinere content-\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Itenere\i 'hold')\c
<hw>container</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"teIn\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a vessel, box, etc., for holding particular things.\p\B2\b \ITransport\i a large boxlike receptacle of standard design for the transport of goods, esp. one readily transferable from one form of transport to another.
<hw>container-grown</hw> \Iadj.\i \IHort.\i (of a plant) grown in a container rather than in the ground.\Knew in COD9 f. corpus, Incomings Sep 93\k
<hw>containerize</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"teIn\F'\nrVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b \ITransport\i\p\B1\b pack in or transport by container.\p\B2\b adapt to transport by container. \Bcontainerization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>container port</hw>\p\In.\i\p\INaut Transport\i a port specializing in handling goods stored in containers.\Knew f. OERD Jun 94\k
<hw>container ship</hw>\p\In.\i\p\INaut Transport\i a ship designed to carry goods stored in containers.\Knew f. OERD Jun 94\k
<hw>containment</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"teInm(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i the action or policy of preventing the expansion of a hostile country or influence.
<hw>contaminate</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"tamIneIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \IMed Physics\i pollute, esp. with radioactivity.\p\B2\b infect; corrupt. \Bcontaminant\b\p\In.\i\p\Bcontamination\b \K/-"neIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bcontaminator\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icontaminare\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Itamen-\i related to \Itangere\i 'touch')\c
<hw>contango</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"taNg\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b \BBrit.\b \IStock Exch.\i\p\B1\b the postponement of the transfer of stock from one account day to the next.\p\B2\b a percentage paid by the buyer for such a postponement. \BEtymology:\b \319th c.: probably an arbitrary formation, perhaps with the idea 'I make contingent': see \J\Xcontingent\x\j\c
<hw>contango day</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IFinance\i \IStock Exch.\i the eighth day before settling day.
<hw>ContΘ</hw> \K/"kQnteI/\k \Iattrib.adj.\i \IArt\i designating a kind of pencil, crayon, or chalk.\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED, corpus Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3N.J. \IContΘ,\i French inventor d. 1805\c
\B\Iconte\b\i \K/kQnt/, French /kO~t/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILiterature\i\p\B1\b a short story (as a form of literary composition).\p\B2\b a medieval narrative tale. \BEtymology:\b \3French\c
<hw>contemn</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"tEm/\k \Iv.tr.\i \Iliterary\i despise; treat with disregard. \Bcontemner\b \K/-"tEm\F'\n/, /-"tEmn\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Icontemner\i or Latin \Icontemnere\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Itemnere tempt-\i 'despise')\c
<hw>contemplate</hw> \K/"kQntEmpleIt/, /-t\F'\nm-/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i survey with the eyes or in the mind.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i regard (an event) as possible.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i intend; have as one's purpose \3(we contemplate leaving tomorrow).\c\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i meditate. \Bcontemplation\b \K/-"pleIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bcontemplator\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icontemplari\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Itemplum\i 'place for observations')\c
<hw>contemplative</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"tEmpl\F'\ntIv/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i \IRelig\i of or given to (esp. religious) contemplation; meditative.\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i a person whose life is devoted to religious contemplation. \Bcontemplatively\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Icontemplatif -ive,\i or Latin \Icontemplativus\i (as \J\Xcontemplate\x)\j\c
<hw>contemporaneous</hw> \K/k\F'\nntEmp\F'\n"reInI\F'\ns/, /kQn-/\k \Iadj.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bwith)\b\i\p\B1\b existing or occurring at the same time.\p\B2\b of the same period. \Bcontemporaneity\b \K/-"ni:Iti/, /-"neIIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bcontemporaneously\b \Iadv.\i \Bcontemporaneousness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icontemporaneus\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Itemporaneus\i from \Itempus -oris\i 'time')\c
<hw>contemporary</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"tEmp(\F'\n)r(\F'\nr)i/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b living or occurring at the same time.\p\B2\b approximately equal in age.\p\B3\b following modern ideas or fashion in style or design.\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b a person or thing living or existing at the same time as another.\p\B2\b a person of roughly the same age as another. \Bcontemporarily\b \Iadv.\i \Bcontemporariness\b\p\In.\i\p\Kcontemporarize omitted Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Icontemporarius\i (as \J\Xcontemporaneous\x)\j\c
<hw>contempt</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"tEm(p)t/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a feeling that a person or a thing is beneath consideration, worthless, or deserving scorn or extreme reproach.\p\B2\b the condition of being held in contempt.\p\B3\b (in full \Bcontempt of court)\b \ILaw\i disobedience to or disrespect for a court of law and its officers.\p\1beneath contempt\c utterly despicable.\p\1hold in contempt\c despise. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Icontemptus,\i from \Icontemnere\i \J\Xcontemn\x\j\c
<hw>contemptible</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"tEm(p)tIb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i deserving contempt; despicable. \Bcontemptibility\b \K/-"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bcontemptibly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French or Late Latin \Icontemptibilis\i from Latin \Icontemnere\i \J\Xcontemn\x\j\c
<hw>contemptuous</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"tEm(p)tjU\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i \I(often foll. by \Bof)\b\i showing contempt, scornful; insolent. \Bcontemptuously\b \Iadv.\i \Bcontemptuousness\b\p\In.\i\p\K-ness new f. corpus, incomings Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Icontemptuosus\i from Latin \Icontemptus\i from \Icontemnere\i \J\Xcontemn\x\j\c
<hw>contend</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"tEnd/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bwith)\b\i strive, fight.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bfor,\b \Bwith)\b\i compete \3(contending for the title;\c \2contending emotions).\c\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bthat\b + clause)\i assert, maintain. \Bcontender\b\p\In.\i\p(esp. in sense 2). \BEtymology:\b \3Old French \Icontendre\i or Latin \Icontendere\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Itendere tent-\i 'stretch, strive')\c
<hw>content (1)</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"tEnt/\k \Iadj., v., & n.\i \Ipredic.adj.\i\p\B1\b satisfied; adequately happy; in agreement.\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bto\b + infin.)\i willing. \Iv.tr.\i make content; satisfy.\p\In.\i\pa contented state; satisfaction.\p\1to one's heart's content\c to the full extent of one's desires. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Icontentus\i 'satisfied', past part. of \Icontinere\i (as \J\Xcontain\x)\j\c
<hw>content (2)</hw> \K/"kQntEnt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i what is contained in something, esp. in a vessel, book, or house.\p\B2\b the amount of a constituent contained \3(low sodium content).\c\p\B3\b the substance or material dealt with (in a speech, work of art, etc.) as distinct from its form or style.\p\B4\b the capacity or volume of a thing.\p\B5\b \I(in \Bpl.;\b\i in full \Btable of contents)\b a list of the titles of chapters etc. given at the front of a book, periodical, etc.\Ksense 5 new f. OERD Jun 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from medieval Latin \Icontentum\i (as \J\Xcontain\x)\j\c
<hw>contented</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"tEntId/\k \Iadj.\i \I(often foll. by \Bwith,\b or \Bto\b + infin.)\i\p\B1\b happy, satisfied.\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bwith)\b\i willing to be content \3(was contented with the outcome).\c \Bcontentedly\b \Iadv.\i \Bcontentedness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>contention</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"tEnS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a dispute or argument; rivalry.\p\B2\b a point contended for in an argument \3(it is my contention that you are wrong).\c\p\1in contention\c competing, esp. with a good chance of success. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Icontention\i or Latin \Icontentio\i (as \J\Xcontend\x)\j\c
<hw>contentious</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"tEnS\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b argumentative, quarrelsome.\p\B2\b likely to cause an argument; disputed, controversial. \Bcontentiously\b \Iadv.\i \Bcontentiousness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icontentieux\i from Latin \Icontentiosus\i (as \J\Xcontention\x)\j\c
<hw>conterminous</hw> \K/kQn"t\F'\n:mIn\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i\p\B1\b having a common boundary.\p\B2\b coextensive in space, time, or meaning. \Bconterminously\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iconterminus\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Iterminus\i 'boundary')\c
<hw>contessa</hw> \K/kQn"tEs\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pan Italian countess. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian from Late Latin \Icomitissa:\i see \J\Xcountess\x\j\c
<hw>contest</hw> \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\K/"kQntEst/\k\p\B1\b a process of contending; a competition.\p\B2\b a dispute; a controversy. \Iv.tr.\i \K/k\F'\nn"tEst/\k\p\B1\b challenge or dispute (a decision etc.).\p\B2\b debate (a point, statement, etc.).\p\B3\b contend or compete for (a prize, parliamentary seat, etc.); compete in (an election). \Bcontestable\b \K/k\F'\nn"tEst\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Bcontester\b \K/k\F'\nn"tEst\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3earlier = bear witness, from Latin \Icontestari\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Itestis\i 'witness')\c
<hw>contestant</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"tEst(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\pa person who takes part in a contest or competition.
<hw>contestation</hw> \K/kQntE"steIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a disputation.\p\B2\b an assertion contended for. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icontestatio,\i partly through French (as \J\Xcontest\x)\j\c
<hw>context</hw> \K/"kQntEkst/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the parts of something written or spoken that immediately precede and follow a word or passage and clarify its meaning.\p\B2\b the circumstances relevant to something under consideration.\p\1in context\c with the surrounding words or circumstances \3(must be seen in context).\c\Kin c. new in COD9 f. POD Sep 93\k\p\1out of context\c without the surrounding words or circumstances and so not fully understandable. \Bcontextual\b \K/k\F'\nn"tEkstjU\F'\nl/\k \Iadj.\i \Bcontextually\b \K/k\F'\nn"tEkstjU\F'\nli/\k \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Icontextus\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Itexere text-\i 'weave')\c
<hw>contextualism</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"tEkstjU\F'\nlIs(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhilos.\i any doctrine which emphasizes the importance of the context of enquiry in a particular question. \Bcontextualist\b\p\In.\i\p\Knew f. SOED, corpus Sep 93\k
<hw>contextualize</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"tEkstjU\F'\nlVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b place in a context; study in context. \Bcontextualization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Kdenested Sep 94\k
<hw>contiguity</hw> \K/kQntI"gju:Iti/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b being contiguous; proximity; contact.\p\B2\b \IPsychol.\i the proximity of ideas or impressions in place or time, as a principle of association.
<hw>contiguous</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"tIgjU\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bwith,\b \Bto)\b\i touching, esp. along a line; in contact.\p\B2\b neighbouring; connected.\Ksense 2 new f. F. Abate, corpus Nov 94\k \Bcontiguously\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icontiguus\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Itangere\i 'touch')\c
<hw>continent (1)</hw> \K/"kQntIn\F'\nnt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeog\i\p\B1\b any of the main continuous expanses of land (Europe, Asia, Africa, N. and S. America, Australia, Antarctica).\p\B2\b \B(the Continent)\b the mainland of Europe as distinct from the British Isles.\p\B3\b continuous land; a mainland. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iterra continens\i 'continuous land'\c
<hw>continent (2)</hw> \K/"kQntIn\F'\nnt/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IMed\i able to control movements of the bowels and bladder.\p\B2\b exercising self-restraint, esp. sexually. \Bcontinence\b\p\In.\i\p\Bcontinently\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin (as \J\Xcontain\x)\j\c
<hw>continental</hw> \K/kQntI"nEnt(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i \IGeog\i\p\B1\b of or characteristic of a continent.\p\B2\b \B(Continental)\b of, relating to, or characteristic of mainland Europe.\p\In.\i\pan inhabitant of mainland Europe. \Bcontinentally\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>continental breakfast</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IFood\i a light breakfast of coffee, rolls, etc.
<hw>continental climate</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IGeog\i a climate having wide variations of temperature.
<hw>continental day</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IEducation\i a school day lasting from early morning to early afternoon.\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED, incomings, News Sep 93\k
<hw>continental drift</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IGeol.\i the hypothesis that the continents are moving slowly over the surface of the earth on a deep-lying plastic substratum.
<hw>continental quilt</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ITextiles\i a duvet.
<hw>continental shelf</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IGeog\i an area of relatively shallow seabed between the shore of a continent and the deeper ocean.
<hw>contingency</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"tIndZ(\F'\n)nsi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b a future event or circumstance regarded as likely to occur, or as influencing present action.\p\B2\b something dependent on another uncertain event or occurrence.\p\B3\b uncertainty of occurrence.\p\B4\b \Ba\b one thing incident to another. \Bb\b an incidental expense etc. \BEtymology:\b \3earlier \Icontingence\i from Late Latin \Icontingentia\i (as \J\Xcontingent\x)\j\c
<hw>contingency fund</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i a fund to cover incidental or unforeseen expenses.
<hw>contingency plan</hw>\p\In.\i\pa plan designed to take account of a possible future event or circumstance.\Knew f. OERD Jun 94\k
<hw>contingent</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"tIndZ(\F'\n)nt/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bon,\b \Bupon)\b\i conditional, dependent (on an uncertain event or circumstance).\p\B2\b associated.\p\B3\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bto)\b\i incidental.\p\B4\b \Ba\b that may or may not occur. \Bb\b fortuitous; occurring by chance.\p\B5\b \ILogic\i true only under existing or specified conditions.\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i a body forming part of a larger group. \Bcontingently\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icontingere\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Itangere\i 'touch')\c
<hw>continual</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"tInjU\F'\nl/\k \Iadj.\i constantly or frequently recurring; always happening \3(subjected to continual interruptions).\c \Bcontinually\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Icontinuel,\i from \Icontinuer\i (as \J\Xcontinue\x)\j\c Note the difference in meaning between \Icontinual\i and \Icontinuous.\i \IContinual\i means 'happening frequently (but with breaks in between each occurrence)', while \Icontinuous\i means 'uninterrupted, incessant'.
<hw>continuance</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"tInjU\F'\nns/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a state of continuing in existence or operation.\p\B2\b the duration of an event or action.\p\B3\b \BUS\b \ILaw\i a postponement or an adjournment. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French (as \J\Xcontinue\x)\j\c Note the difference between \Icontinuance\i and \Icontinuation.\i \IContinuance\i relates mainly to the intransitive senses of \Icontinue\i 'to be still in existence', while \Icontinuation\i relates to its transitive senses 'to keep up, resume', e.g. \Ithe Prime Minister's continuance in office;\i \Iour continuation of the project.\i
<hw>continuant</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"tInjU\F'\nnt/\k \In. & adj.\i \IPhonet.\i\p\In.\i\pa speech sound in which the vocal tract is only partly closed, allowing the breath to pass through and the sound to be prolonged (as with \If,\i \Ir,\i \Is,\i \Iv).\i \Iadj.\i of or relating to such a sound. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icontinuant\i and Latin \Icontinuare\i (as \J\Xcontinue\x)\j\c
<hw>continuation</hw> \K/k\F'\nntInjU"eIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or an instance of continuing; the process of being continued.\p\B2\b a part that continues something else.\p\B3\b \BBrit.\b \IStock Exch.\i the carrying over of an account to the next settling day. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Icontinuatio -onis\i (as \J\Xcontinue\x)\j\c See Usage Note at \J\Xcontinuance\x.\j
<hw>continuative</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"tInjU\F'\ntIv/\k \Iadj.\i tending or serving to continue. \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Icontinuativus\i (as \J\Xcontinuation\x)\j\c
<hw>continue</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"tInju:/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B(continues,\b \Bcontinued,\b \Bcontinuing)\b\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \I(often foll. by verbal noun, or \Bto\b + infin.)\i persist in, maintain, not stop (an action etc.).\p\B2\b \Ba\b \Itr.\i \I(also \Babsol.)\b\i resume or prolong (a narrative, journey, etc.). \Bb\b \Iintr.\i recommence after a pause \3(the concert will continue shortly).\c\p\B3\b \Itr.\i be a sequel to.\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i \Ba\b remain in existence or unchanged. \Bb\b \I(with compl.)\i remain in a specified state \3(the weather continued fine).\c\p\B5\b \Itr.\i \BUS\b \ILaw\i postpone or adjourn (proceedings). \Bcontinuable\b \Iadj.\i \Bcontinuer\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icontinuer\i from Latin \Icontinuare\i 'make or be \J\Xcontinuous\x\j'\c
<hw>continuing education</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IEducation\i education for adults consisting esp. of short or part-time courses.\Knew f. corpus Dec 94\k
<hw>continuity</hw> \K/kQntI"nju:Iti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b the state of being continuous. \Bb\b an unbroken succession. \Bc\b a logical sequence.\p\B2\b \ICinematog\i the detailed and self-consistent scenario of a film or broadcast.\p\B3\b \IBroadcasting\i the linking of broadcast items. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IcontinuitΘ\i from Latin \Icontinuitas -tatis\i (as \J\Xcontinuous\x)\j\c
<hw>continuity girl</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcontinuity man)\b \ICinematog\i the person responsible for agreement of detail between different sessions of filming.
<hw>continuo</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"tInjU\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b \IMus.\i an accompaniment providing a bass line and harmonies which are indicated by figures, often played on a keyboard instrument. \BEtymology:\b \3shortened from \Ibasso continuo\i (Italian, = continuous bass)\c
<hw>continuous</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"tInjU\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b unbroken, uninterrupted, connected throughout in space or time \3(continuous rain).\c\p\B2\b \IGram.\i = \J\Xprogressive\x \Iadj.\i 7.\j \Bcontinuously\b \Iadv.\i \Bcontinuousness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icontinuus\i 'uninterrupted' from \Icontinere\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Itenere\i 'hold')\c See Usage Note at \J\Xcontinual\x.\j
<hw>continuous assessment</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IEducation\i the evaluation of a pupil's progress throughout a course of study, as well as or instead of by examination.
<hw>continuous creation</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i the creation of the universe or the matter in it regarded as a continuous process.
<hw>continuous stationery</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IPrinting Computing\i a continuous ream of paper, usu. perforated to form single sheets.
<hw>continuum</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"tInjU\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bcontinua\b \K/-jU\F'\n/\k) anything seen as having a continuous, not discrete, structure \3(space-time continuum).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, neut. of \Icontinuus:\i see \J\Xcontinuous\x\j\c
<hw>contort</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"tO:t/\k \Iv.tr.\i twist or force out of normal shape. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icontorquere contort-\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Itorquere\i 'twist')\c
<hw>contortion</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"tO:S(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or process of twisting.\p\B2\b a twisted state, esp. of the face or body. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icontortio\i (as \J\Xcontort\x)\j\c
<hw>contortionist</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"tO:S(\F'\n)nIst/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITheatr\i an entertainer who adopts contorted postures.
<hw>contour</hw> \K/"kQntU\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an outline, esp. representing or bounding the shape or form of something.\p\B2\b \IGeog\i the outline of a natural feature, e.g. a coast or mountain mass.\p\B3\b a line separating differently coloured parts of a design.\p\B4\b \IGeog.\i = \J\Xcontour line\x.\j\K4 new in COD9 f. NSOED Sep 93\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b mark with contour lines.\p\B2\b \ITransport Railways\i carry (a road or railway) round the side of a hill. \BEtymology:\b \3French from Italian \Icontorno,\i from \Icontornare\i 'draw in outline' (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Itornare\i 'turn')\c
<hw>contour feather</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IOrnithol\i any of the feathers which form the outline of a bird's plumage.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k
<hw>contour line</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IGeog\i a line on a map joining points of equal altitude.
<hw>contour map</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IGeog\i a map marked with contour lines.
<hw>contour ploughing</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAgriculture\i ploughing along lines of constant altitude to minimize soil erosion.
<hw>contra</hw> \K/"kQntr\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bcontras)\b \IPolit\i a member of a counter-revolutionary guerrilla force in Nicaragua. \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation of Spanish \Icontrarevolucionario\i 'counter-revolutionary'\c
<hw>contraband</hw> \K/"kQntr\F'\nband/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i\p\B1\b goods that have been smuggled, or imported or exported illegally.\p\B2\b prohibited trade; smuggling.\p\B3\b (in full \Bcontraband of war)\b \IMil\i goods forbidden to be supplied by neutrals to belligerents. \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b forbidden to be imported or exported (at all or without payment of duty).\p\B2\b concerning traffic in contraband \3(contraband trade).\c \Bcontrabandist\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Spanish \Icontrabanda\i from Italian (as \J\Xcontra-\x,\j \Ibando\i 'proclamation')\c
<hw>contraception</hw> \K/kQntr\F'\n"sEpS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i the intentional prevention of pregnancy; the use of contraceptives. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xcontra-\x\j + \J\Xconception\x\j\c
<hw>contraceptive</hw> \K/kQntr\F'\n"sEptIv/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i \IMed\i preventing pregnancy.\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a contraceptive device or drug.
<hw>contract</hw> \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\K/"kQntrakt/\k\ILaw\i\p\B1\b a written or spoken agreement between two or more parties, intended to be enforceable by law.\p\B2\b a document recording this.\p\B3\b marriage regarded as a binding commitment.\p\B4\b \IBridge etc.\i an undertaking to win the number of tricks bid.\p\B5\b \Islang\i an arrangement for someone to be killed, usu. by a hired assassin.\K5 new in COD9 f. NSOED, COD box Sep 93\k\p\Iv.\i\p\K/k\F'\nn"trakt/\k\p\B1\b \Itr. & intr.\i \Ba\b make or become smaller. \Bb\b draw together (muscles, the brow, etc.), or be drawn together.\K1b partly new in COD9 f. POD Sep 93\k\p\B2\b \Ba\b \Iintr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bwith)\b\i make a contract. \Bb\b \Iintr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bfor,\b or \Bto\b + infin.)\i enter formally into a business or legal arrangement. \Bc\b \Itr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bout)\b\i arrange (work) to be done by contract. \Bd\b \Itr.\i place under a contract.\K2d new in COD9 f. NSOED Sep 93\k\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \IMed\i catch or develop (a disease).\p\B4\b \Itr.\i form or develop (a friendship, habit, etc.).\p\B5\b \Itr.\i enter into (marriage).\p\B6\b \Itr.\i \ICommerce\i incur (a debt etc.).\p\B7\b \Itr.\i \IGram\i shorten (a word) by combination or elision.\p\Bcontract \K/"kQn-/\k in\b (or \Bout)\b \I(also \Brefl.)\b\i \BBrit.\b choose to be involved in (or withdraw or remain out of) a scheme or commitment. \Bcontractive\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3earlier as adj., = contracted: Old French, from Latin \Icontractus\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Itrahere tract-\i 'draw')\c
<hw>contractable</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"trakt\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \IMed\i (of a disease) that can be contracted.
<hw>contract bridge</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBridge Cards\i the most common form of bridge, in which only tricks bid and won count towards the game.
<hw>contractible</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"traktIb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i that can be shrunk or drawn together.
<hw>contractile</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"traktVIl/\k \Iadj.\i \IBiol\i capable of or producing contraction. \Bcontractility\b \K/kQntrak"tIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>contraction</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"trakS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act of contracting.\p\B2\b \I(often in \Bpl.)\b\i \IMed.\i a shortening of the uterine muscles occurring at intervals during childbirth.\p\B3\b shrinking, diminution.\p\B4\b \Ba\b a shortening of a word by combination or elision. \Bb\b a contracted word or group of words. \BEtymology:\b \3French from Latin \Icontractio -onis\i (as \J\Xcontract\x)\j\c
<hw>contractor</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"trakt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pa person who undertakes a contract, esp. to provide materials, conduct building operations, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin (as \J\Xcontract\x)\j\c
<hw>contractual</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"traktSU\F'\nl/\k \Iadj.\i of or in the nature of a contract. \Bcontractually\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>contradict</hw> \K/kQntr\F'\n"dIkt/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b deny or express the opposite of (a statement).\p\B2\b deny or express the opposite of a statement made by (a person).\p\B3\b be in opposition to or in conflict with \3(new evidence contradicted our theory).\c \Bcontradictor\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icontradicere contradict-\i (as \J\Xcontra-\x,\j \Idicere\i 'say')\c
<hw>contradiction</hw> \K/kQntr\F'\n"dIkS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b statement of the opposite; denial. \Bb\b an instance of this.\p\B2\b inconsistency.\p\1contradiction in terms\c a self-contradictory statement or group of words. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Icontradictio -onis\i (as \J\Xcontradict\x)\j\c
<hw>contradictory</hw> \K/kQntr\F'\n"dIkt(\F'\n)ri/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b expressing a denial or opposite statement.\p\B2\b (of statements etc.) mutually opposed or inconsistent.\p\B3\b (of a person) inclined to contradict.\p\B4\b \ILogic\i (of two propositions) so related that one and only one must be true. \Bcontradictorily\b \Iadv.\i \Bcontradictoriness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Late Latin \Icontradictorius\i (as \J\Xcontradict\x)\j\c
<hw>contradistinction</hw> \K/kQntr\F'\ndI"stIN(k)S(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\pa distinction made by contrasting.
<hw>contradistinguish</hw> \K/kQntr\F'\ndI"stINgwIS/\k \Iv.tr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bfrom)\b\i distinguish two things by contrasting them.
<hw>contraflow</hw> \K/"kQntr\F'\nfl\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ITransport\i a flow (esp. of road traffic) alongside, and in a direction opposite to, an established or usual flow, esp. as a temporary or emergency arrangement.
<hw>contrail</hw> \K/"kQntreIl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i a condensation trail, esp. from an aircraft. \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation\c
<hw>contraindicate</hw> \K/kQntr\F'\n"IndIkeIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i \IMed.\i act as an indication against (the use of a particular substance or treatment). \Bcontraindication\b \K/-"keIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>contralto</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"tralt\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b \IMus\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the lowest female singing voice. \Bb\b a singer with this voice.\p\B2\b a part written for contralto. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian (as \J\Xcontra-\x,\j \J\Xalto\x)\j\c
<hw>contraposition</hw> \K/kQntr\F'\np\F'\n"zIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b opposition or contrast.\p\B2\b \ILogic\i conversion of a proposition from \Iall A is B\i to \Iall not-B is not-A.\i \Bcontrapositive\b \K/-"pQzItIv/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Icontrapositio\i (as \J\Xcontra-\x,\j \Iponere posit-\i 'place')\c
<hw>contraption</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"trapS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Ioften derog.\i or \Ijoc.\i a machine or device, esp. a strange or cumbersome one. \BEtymology:\b \319th c.: perhaps from \J\Xcontrive\x,\j \J\Xinvention\x:\j associated with \J\Xtrap\x (1)\j\c
<hw>contrapuntal</hw> \K/kQntr\F'\n"pVnt(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \IMus.\i of or in counterpoint. \Bcontrapuntally\b \Iadv.\i \Bcontrapuntist\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Italian \Icontrappunto\i 'counterpoint'\c
<hw>contrariety</hw> \K/kQntr\F'\n"rVI\F'\nti/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b opposition in nature, quality, or action.\p\B2\b disagreement, inconsistency. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \IcontrarietΘ\i from Late Latin \Icontrarietas -tatis,\i from \Icontrarius\i (as \J\Xcontrary\x)\j\c
<hw>contrariwise</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"trE:rIwVIz/, /"kQntr\F'\nrIwVIz/\k \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b on the other hand.\p\B2\b in the opposite way.\p\B3\b perversely. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from \J\Xcontrary\x\j + \J\X-wise\x\j\c
<hw>contrary</hw> \K/"kQntr\F'\nri/\k \Iadj., n., & adv.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bto)\b\i opposed in nature or tendency.\p\B2\b \K/k\F'\nn"trE:ri/\k \Icolloq.\i perverse, self-willed.\p\B3\b \IMeteorol\i (of a wind) unfavourable, impeding.\p\B4\b mutually opposed.\p\B5\b opposite in position or direction.\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \I(prec. by \Bthe)\b\i the opposite. \Iadv.\i \I(foll. by \Bto)\b\i in opposition or contrast \3(contrary to expectations it rained).\c\p\1on the contrary\c intensifying a denial of what has just been implied or stated.\p\1to the contrary\c to the opposite effect \3(can find no indication to the contrary).\c \Bcontrarily\b \K/"kQntr\F'\nrIli/\k (\K/k\F'\nn"trE:rIli/\k in sense 2 of \Iadj.)\i \Iadv.\i \Bcontrariness\b \K/"kQntr\F'\nrInIs/\k (\K/k\F'\nn"trE:rInIs/\k in sense 2 of \Iadj.)\i\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Anglo-French \Icontrarie,\i Old French \Icontraire,\i from Latin \Icontrarius,\i from \Icontra\i 'against'\c
<hw>contrast</hw> \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\K/"kQntrA:st/\k\p\B1\b \Ba\b a juxtaposition or comparison showing striking differences. \Bb\b a difference so revealed.\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i a thing or person having qualities noticeably different from another.\p\B3\b \Ba\b \IPhotog Telev\i the degree of difference between tones in a television picture or a photograph. \Bb\b the change of apparent brightness or colour of an object caused by the juxtaposition of other objects.\p\Iv.\i\p\K/k\F'\nn"trA:st/\k \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i distinguish or set together so as to reveal a contrast.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i have or show a contrast. \Bcontrastingly\b \K/k\F'\nn"trA:stINli/\k \Iadv.\i \Bcontrastive\b \K/k\F'\nn"trA:stIv/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icontraste,\i \Icontraster,\i via Italian \Icontrasto\i from medieval Latin \Icontrastare\i (as \J\Xcontra-\x,\j \Istare\i 'stand')\c
<hw>contrasty</hw> \K/"kQntrA:sti/\k \Iadj.\i \IPhotog Telev\i (of a photograph, television picture, etc.) showing a high degree of contrast.
<hw>contra-suggestible</hw> \K/kQntr\F'\ns\F'\n"dZEstIb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \IPsychol.\i tending to respond to a suggestion by believing or doing the contrary.
<hw>contrate wheel</hw> \K/"kQntreIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMech\i = \J\Xcrown wheel\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin & Romanic \Icontrata\i 'lying opposite', from Latin \Icontra\i 'against'\c
<hw>contravene</hw> \K/kQntr\F'\n"vi:n/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b infringe (a law or code of conduct).\p\B2\b (of things) conflict with. \Bcontravener\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Icontravenire\i (as \J\Xcontra-\x,\j \Ivenire vent-\i 'come')\c
<hw>contravention</hw> \K/kQntr\F'\n"vEnS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b infringement.\p\B2\b an instance of this.\p\1in contravention of\c infringing, violating (a law etc.). \BEtymology:\b \3French from medieval Latin \Icontraventio\i (as \J\Xcontravene\x)\j\c
<hw>contretemps</hw> \K/"kQntr\F'\ntQ~/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i same \K/-tA~z/\k)\p\B1\b an awkward or unfortunate occurrence; an unexpected mishap.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i a dispute or disagreement.\Ksense 2 new f. OERD Jun 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3French, originally = 'motion out of time' (as \J\Xcontra-\x,\j \Itemps\i 'time')\c
<hw>contribute</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"trIbju:t/, /"kQntrIbju:t/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i give (money, an idea, help, etc.) towards a common purpose \3(contributed ú5 to the fund).\c\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i help to bring about a result etc. \3(contributed to their downfall).\c\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \I(also \Babsol.)\b\i supply (an article etc.) for publication with others in a journal etc. \Bcontributive\b \K/k\F'\nn"trIb-/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icontribuere contribut-\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Itribuere\i 'bestow')\c The second pronunciation of \Icontribute\i given, with the stress on the first syllable, is considered incorrect by some people.
<hw>contribution</hw> \K/kQntrI"bju:S(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act of contributing.\p\B2\b something contributed, esp. money.\p\B3\b an article etc. contributed to a publication. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Icontribution\i or Late Latin \Icontributio\i (as \J\Xcontribute\x)\j\c
<hw>contributor</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"trIbjUt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pa person who contributes (esp. an article or literary work).
<hw>contributory</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"trIbjUt(\F'\n)ri/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b that contributes.\p\B2\b operated by means of contributions \3(contributory pension scheme).\c\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ILaw\i \ICommerce\i a person liable to contribute towards the payment of a wound-up company's debts. \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Icontributorius\i (as \J\Xcontribute\x)\j\c
<hw>contributory negligence</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i negligence on the part of the injured party through failure to take precautions against an accident.
<hw>con-trick</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Islang\i = \J\Xconfidence trick\x.\j\Knew f. corpus Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation\c
<hw>contrite</hw> \K/"kQntrVIt/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b completely penitent.\p\B2\b feeling remorse or penitence; affected by guilt.\p\B3\b (of an action) showing a contrite spirit. \Bcontritely\b \Iadv.\i \Bcontriteness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icontrit\i from Latin \Icontritus\i 'bruised' (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Iterere trit-\i 'rub')\c
<hw>contrition</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"trIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\pthe state of being contrite; thorough penitence. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Late Latin \Icontritio -onis\i (as \J\Xcontrite\x)\j\c
<hw>contrivance</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"trVIv(\F'\n)ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b something contrived, esp. a mechanical device or a plan.\p\B2\b an act of contriving, esp. deceitfully.\p\B3\b inventive capacity.
<hw>contrive</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"trVIv/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b devise; plan or make resourcefully or with skill.\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Bto\b + infin.)\i manage \3(contrived to make matters worse).\c \Bcontrivable\b \Iadj.\i \Bcontriver\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icontrover\i 'find, imagine' from medieval Latin \Icontropare\i 'compare'\c
<hw>contrived</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"trVIvd/\k \Iadj.\i planned so carefully as to seem unnatural; artificial, forced \3(the plot seemed contrived).\c
<hw>control</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"tr\F'\nUl/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the power of directing, command \3(under the control of).\c\p\B2\b the power of restraining, esp. self-restraint.\p\B3\b a means of restraint; a check.\p\B4\b \I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i \IEcon\i a means of regulating prices etc.\p\B5\b \I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i \IMech\i switches and other devices by which a machine, esp. an aircraft or vehicle, is controlled \I(also \Battrib.:\b\i \2control panel;\c \2control room).\c\p\B6\b \Ba\b a place where something is controlled or verified. \Bb\b a person or group that controls something.\p\B7\b \IStatistics\i a standard of comparison for checking the results of a survey or experiment \I(also \Battrib.:\b\i \2control sample).\c\p\B8\b \IPolit.\i a member of an intelligence organization who personally directs the activities of a spy.\K8 new in COD9 f. NSOED Sep 93\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(controlled,\b \Bcontrolling)\b\p\B1\b have control or command of; dominate.\p\B2\b exert control over; regulate.\p\B3\b hold in check; restrain \3(told him to control himself).\c\p\B4\b serve as control to.\p\B5\b check, verify.\p\1in control\c \I(often foll. by \Bof)\b\i directing an activity.\p\1out of control\c no longer subject to proper direction or restraint.\p\1under control\c being controlled; in order. \Bcontrollable\b \Iadj.\i \Bcontrollability\b \K/-"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bcontrollably\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Anglo-French \Icontreroller\i 'keep a copy of a roll of accounts' from medieval Latin \Icontrarotulare\i (as \J\Xcontra-\x,\j \Irotulus\i \J\Xroll\x\p\In.\i\p):\j the noun perhaps from French \Icontr⌠le\i\c
<hw>control group</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ISci.\i a group forming the standard of comparison in an experiment.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k
<hw>controller</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"tr\F'\nUl\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person or thing that controls.\p\B2\b a person in charge of expenditure, esp. a steward or comptroller. \Bcontrollership\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English \Icounterroller\i from Anglo-French \Icontrerollour\i (as \J\Xcontrol\x)\j\c
<hw>controlling interest</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce Stock Exch\i a means of determining the policy of a business etc., esp. by ownership of a majority of the stock.
<hw>control rod</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i a rod of neutron-absorbing material used to vary the output power of a nuclear reactor.
<hw>control tower</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAeron\i a tall building at an airport etc. from which air traffic is controlled.
<hw>controversial</hw> \K/kQntr\F'\n"v\F'\n:S(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b causing or subject to controversy; disputed, esp. publicly.\p\B2\b of or relating to controversy.\p\B3\b given to controversy; prone to argue. \Bcontroversialism\b\p\In.\i\p\Bcontroversialist\b\p\In.\i\p\Bcontroversially\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Icontroversialis\i (as \J\Xcontroversy\x)\j\c
<hw>controversy</hw> \K/"kQntr\F'\nv\F'\n:si/, /k\F'\nn"trQv\F'\nsi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b disagreement on a matter of opinion.\p\B2\b a prolonged argument or dispute, esp. when conducted publicly. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Icontroversia\i (as \J\Xcontrovert\x)\j\c The second pronunciation, stressed on the second syllable, is considered incorrect by some people.
<hw>contumacious</hw> \K/kQntjU"meIS\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i insubordinate; stubbornly or wilfully disobedient, esp. to a court order. \Bcontumaciously\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icontumax,\i perhaps related to \Itumere\i 'swell'\c
<hw>contumacy</hw> \K/"kQntjUm\F'\nsi/\k\p\In.\i\pstubborn refusal to obey or comply. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icontumacia\i from \Icontumax:\i see \J\Xcontumacious\x\j\c
<hw>contumelious</hw> \K/kQntjU"mi:lI\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i reproachful, insulting, or insolent. \Bcontumeliously\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icontumelieus\i from Latin \Icontumeliosus\i (as \J\Xcontumely\x)\j\c
<hw>contumely</hw> \K/"kQntju:mIli/, /-tju:mli/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b insolent or reproachful language or treatment.\p\B2\b disgrace. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icontumelie\i from Latin \Icontumelia\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Itumere\i 'swell')\c
<hw>contuse</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"tju:z/\k \Iv.tr.\i \IMed\i injure without breaking the skin; bruise. \Bcontusion\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icontundere contus-\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Itundere\i 'thump')\c
<hw>conundrum</hw> \K/k\F'\n"nVndr\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a riddle, esp. one with a pun in its answer.\p\B2\b a hard or puzzling question. \BEtymology:\b \316th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>conurbation</hw> \K/kQn\F'\n:"beIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeog\i an extended urban area, esp. one consisting of several towns and merging suburbs. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xcon-\x\j + Latin \Iurbs urbis\i 'city' + \J\X-ation\x\j\c
<hw>conure</hw> \K/"kQnjU\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i any medium-sized parrot of the genus \IPyrrhura,\i with mainly green plumage and a long gradated tail. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \Iconurus,\i from Greek \Ikonos\i 'cone' + \Ioura\i 'tail'\c
<hw>convalesce</hw> \K/kQnv\F'\n"lEs/\k \Iv.intr.\i \IMed\i recover one's health after illness or medical treatment. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Iconvalescere\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Ivalere\i 'be well')\c
<hw>convalescent</hw> \K/kQnv\F'\n"lEs(\F'\n)nt/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IMed\i \Iadj.\i recovering from an illness.\p\In.\i\pa convalescent person. \Bconvalescence\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>convection</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"vEkS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPhysics\i transference of heat in a gas or liquid by upward movement of the heated and less dense medium.\p\B2\b \IMeteorol.\i the transfer of heat by the upward flow of hot air or downward flow of cold air. \Bconvectional\b \Iadj.\i \Bconvective\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Iconvectio\i from Latin \Iconvehere convect-\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Ivehere vect-\i 'carry')\c
<hw>convection current</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i circulation that results from convection.
<hw>convector</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"vEkt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i a heating appliance that circulates warm air by convection.
\B\Iconvenance\b\i \K/"kQnv\F'\nnA:ns/, French /kO~vnA~s/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i conventional propriety. \BEtymology:\b \3French from \Iconvenir\i 'be fitting' (as \J\Xconvene\x)\j\c
<hw>convene</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"vi:n/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i summon or arrange (a meeting etc.).\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i assemble.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i summon (a person) before a tribunal. \Bconvenable\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Iconvenire convent-\i 'assemble, agree, fit' (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Ivenire\i 'come')\c
<hw>convener</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"vi:n\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bconvenor)\b\p\B1\b a person who convenes a meeting.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b a senior trade union official at a workplace.\Knew in COD9 as hwd f. POD Sep 93\k
<hw>convenience</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"vi:nI\F'\nns/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the quality of being convenient; suitability.\p\B2\b freedom from difficulty or trouble; material advantage \3(for convenience).\c\p\B3\b an advantage \3(a great convenience).\c\p\B4\b a useful thing, esp. an installation or piece of equipment.\p\B5\b \BBrit.\b a lavatory, esp. a public one.\p\1at one's convenience\c at a time or place that suits one.\p\1at one's earliest convenience\c as soon as one can.\p\1make a convenience of\c take advantage of (a person) insensitively. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Iconvenientia\i (as \J\Xconvene\x)\j\c
<hw>convenience food</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IFood\i food, esp. complete meals, sold in convenient form and requiring very little preparation.
<hw>convenience store</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i a shop with extended opening hours, stocking a wide range of goods.
<hw>convenient</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"vi:nI\F'\nnt/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bfor,\b \Bto)\b\i \Ba\b serving one's comfort or interests. \Bb\b suitable. \Bc\b free of trouble or difficulty.\p\B2\b available or occurring at a suitable time or place \3(will try to find a convenient moment).\c\p\B3\b \Ba\b easily accessible. \Bb\b well situated for some purpose \3(convenient for the shops).\c \Bconveniently\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English (as \J\Xconvene\x)\j\c
<hw>convenor</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xconvener\x.\j
<hw>convent</hw> \K/"kQnv(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IEccl\i\p\B1\b a religious (usu. Christian) community, esp. of nuns, under vows.\p\B2\b the premises occupied by this.\p\B3\b (in full \Bconvent school)\b \IEducation\i a school attached to and run by a convent. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Anglo-French \Icovent,\i Old French \Iconvent\i from Latin \Iconventus\i 'assembly' (as \J\Xconvene\x)\j\c
<hw>conventicle</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"vEntIk(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i \Iesp. hist.\i\p\B1\b a secret or unlawful religious meeting, esp. of dissenters.\p\B2\b a building used for this. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Iconventiculum\i '(place of) assembly', diminutive of \Iconventus\i (as \J\Xconvene\x)\j\c
<hw>convention</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"vEnS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b general agreement, esp. agreement on social behaviour etc. by implicit consent of the majority. \Bb\b a custom or customary practice, esp. an artificial or formal one.\p\B2\b \Ba\b a formal assembly or conference for a common purpose. \Bb\b \BUS\b \IPolit\i an assembly of the delegates of a political party to select candidates for office. \Bc\b \IParl\i \Ihist.\i a meeting of Parliament without a summons from the sovereign.\p\B3\b \Ba\b a formal agreement. \Bb\b \IPolit\i an agreement between states, esp. one less formal than a treaty.\p\B4\b \ICards\i an accepted method of play (in leading, bidding, etc.) used to convey information to a partner.\p\B5\b the act of convening. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Iconventio -onis\i (as \J\Xconvene\x)\j\c
<hw>conventional</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"vEnS(\F'\n)n(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b depending on or according with convention.\p\B2\b (of a person) attentive to social conventions.\p\B3\b usual; of agreed significance.\p\B4\b not spontaneous or sincere or original.\p\B5\b \IMil\i (of weapons or power) non-nuclear.\p\B6\b \IArt\i following tradition rather than nature. \Bconventionalism\b\p\In.\i\p\Bconventionalist\b\p\In.\i\p\Bconventionality\b \K/-"nalIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies).\b \Bconventionalize\b \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise).\b \Bconventionally\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iconventionnel\i or Late Latin \Iconventionalis\i (as \J\Xconvention\x)\j\c
<hw>conventioneer</hw> \K/k\F'\nnvEnS\F'\n"nI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BUS\b a person attending a convention.
<hw>conventual</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"vEntSU\F'\nl/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IEccl\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of or belonging to a convent.\p\B2\b of the less strict branch of the Franciscans, living in large convents.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a member or inmate of a convent.\p\B2\b a conventual Franciscan. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from medieval Latin \Iconventualis\i (as \J\Xconvent\x)\j\c
<hw>converge</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"v\F'\n:dZ/\k \Iv.intr.\i\p\B1\b come together as if to meet or join.\p\B2\b (of lines) tend to meet at a point.\p\B3\b \I(foll. by \Bon,\b \Bupon)\b\i approach from different directions.\p\B4\b \IMath.\i (of a series) approximate in the sum of its terms towards a definite limit. \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Iconvergere\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Ivergere\i 'incline')\c
<hw>convergent</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"v\F'\n:dZ(\F'\n)nt/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b converging.\p\B2\b \IBiol.\i (of unrelated organisms) showing a tendency to become similar while evolving to fill a similar ecological niche.\p\B3\b \IPsychol.\i (of thought) tending to reach only the most rational result. \Bconvergence\b\p\In.\i\p\Bconvergency\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>conversant</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"v\F'\n:s(\F'\n)nt/\k \Iadj.\i \I(foll. by \Bwith)\b\i well experienced or acquainted with a subject, person, etc. \Bconversance\b\p\In.\i\p\Bconversancy\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French, pres. part. of \Iconverser\i \J\Xconverse\x (1)\j\c
<hw>conversation</hw> \K/kQnv\F'\n"seIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the informal exchange of ideas, information, etc. by spoken words.\p\B2\b an instance of this. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Iconversatio -onis\i (as \J\Xconverse\x (1))\j\c
<hw>conversational</hw> \K/kQnv\F'\n"seIS(\F'\n)n(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of or in conversation.\p\B2\b fond of or good at conversation.\p\B3\b colloquial. \Bconversationally\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>conversationalist</hw> \K/kQnv\F'\n"seIS(\F'\n)n(\F'\n)lIst/\k\p\In.\i\pa person who is good at or fond of conversing.
<hw>conversation piece</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IArt\i a small genre painting of a group of figures.\p\B2\b a thing that serves as a topic of conversation because of its unusualness etc.
<hw>conversation stopper</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Icolloq.\i an unexpected remark, esp. one that cannot readily be answered.
\B\Iconversazione\b\i \K/%kQnv\F'\nsatsI"\F'\nUni/, Italian /konversat"tsjo:ne/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B\Iconversaziones\b\i or \B\Iconversazioni\b\i \Ipronunc.\i same) a social gathering held by a learned or art society. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian from Latin (as \J\Xconversation\x)\j\c
<hw>converse (1)</hw> \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.intr.\i \K/k\F'\nn"v\F'\n:s/\k \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i engage in conversation \3(conversed with him about various subjects).\c\p\In.\i\p\K/"kQnv\F'\n:s/\k \Iarchaic\i conversation. \Bconverser\b \K/k\F'\nn"v\F'\n:s\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iconverser\i from Latin \Iconversari\i 'keep company (with)', frequentative of \Iconvertere\i \J(\Xconvert\x)\j\c
<hw>converse (2)</hw> \K/"kQnv\F'\n:s/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i opposite, contrary, reversed.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b something that is opposite or contrary.\p\B2\b \ILogic\i a statement formed from another statement by the transposition of certain words, e.g. \Isome philosophers are men\i from \Isome men are philosophers.\i\p\B3\b \IMath.\i a theorem whose hypothesis and conclusion are the conclusion and hypothesis of another. \Bconversely\b \K/"kQnv\F'\n:sli/, /k\F'\nn"v\F'\n:sli/\k \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iconversus,\i past part. of \Iconvertere\i (see \J\Xconvert\x)\j\c
<hw>conversion</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"v\F'\n:S(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IRelig\i the act or an instance of converting or the process of being converted, esp. in belief or religion.\p\B2\b \Ba\b an adaptation of a building for new purposes. \Bb\b \BBrit.\b \IArchit\i a converted building.\p\B3\b transposition, inversion.\p\B4\b \ITheol.\i the turning of sinners to God.\p\B5\b \IPhysics\i the transformation of fertile into fissile material in a nuclear reactor.\p\B6\b \IRugby\i & \IAmer. Football\i the scoring of points by a successful kick at goal after scoring a try.\p\B7\b \IPsychol.\i the change of an unconscious conflict into a physical disorder or disease. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Iconversio -onis\i (as \J\Xconvert\x)\j\c
<hw>convert</hw> \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\K/k\F'\nn"v\F'\n:t/\k\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Binto)\b\i change in form, character, or function.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \IRelig\i cause (a person) to change beliefs, opinion, party, etc.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \ICommerce\i change (moneys, stocks, units in which a quantity is expressed, etc.) into others of a different kind.\p\B4\b \Itr.\i \IArchit\i make structural alterations in (a building) to serve a new purpose.\p\B5\b \Ba\b \Itr.\i \I(also \Babsol.)\b\i \IRugby\i score extra points from (a try) by a successful kick at goal. \Bb\b \Iintr.\i \IAmer. Football\i make a conversion after a touchdown by kicking a goal or crossing the goal line.\p\B6\b \Iintr.\i be converted or convertible \3(the sofa converts into a bed).\c\p\B7\b \Itr.\i \ILogic\i interchange the terms of (a proposition).\p\In.\i\p\K/"kQnv\F'\n:t/\k \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i a person who has been converted to a different belief, opinion, etc.\p\1convert to one's own use\c wrongfully make use of (another's property). \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iconvertir,\i ultimately from Latin \Iconvertere convers-\i 'turn about' (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Ivertere\i 'turn')\c
<hw>converter</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"v\F'\n:t\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bconvertor)\b\p\B1\b a person or thing that converts.\p\B2\b \IElectr.\i \Ba\b an electrical apparatus for the interconversion of alternating current and direct current. \Bb\b \IElectronics\i an apparatus for converting a signal from one frequency to another.\p\B3\b \IChem\i a reaction vessel used in making steel.
<hw>converter reactor</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i a nuclear reactor that converts fertile material into fissile material.
<hw>convertible</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"v\F'\n:tIb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b that may be converted.\p\B2\b \ICommerce\i (of currency etc.) that may be converted into other forms, esp. into gold or US dollars.\p\B3\b \ITransport\i (of a car) having a folding or detachable roof.\p\B4\b (of terms) synonymous.\p\In.\i\p\ITransport\i a car with a folding or detachable roof. \Bconvertibility\b \K/-"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bconvertibly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old French from Latin \Iconvertibilis\i (as \J\Xconvert\x)\j\c
<hw>convex</hw> \K/"kQnvEks/\k \Iadj.\i \IGeom Physics\i having an outline or surface curved like the exterior of a circle or sphere \I(cf.\i \J\Xconcave\x).\j \Bconvexity\b \K/-"vEksIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bconvexly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iconvexus\i 'vaulted, arched'\c
<hw>convey</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"veI/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b transport or carry (goods, passengers, etc.).\p\B2\b communicate (an idea, meaning, etc.).\p\B3\b \ILaw\i transfer the title to (property).\p\B4\b transmit (sound, smell, etc.). \Bconveyable\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iconveier\i from medieval Latin \Iconviare\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j Latin \Ivia\i 'way')\c
<hw>conveyance</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"veI\F'\nns/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the act or process of carrying. \Bb\b the communication (of ideas etc.). \Bc\b transmission.\p\B2\b a means of transport; a vehicle.\p\B3\b \ILaw\i \Ba\b the transfer of property from one owner to another. \Bb\b a document effecting this. \Bconveyancer\b\p\In.\i\p(in sense 3). \Bconveyancing\b\p\In.\i\p(in sense 3).
<hw>conveyor</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"veI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bconveyer)\b a person or thing that conveys.
<hw>conveyor belt</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IIndustry\i an endless moving belt for conveying articles or materials, esp. in a factory.
<hw>convict</hw> \Iv. & n.\i \ILaw\i \Iv.tr.\i \K/k\F'\nn"vIkt/\k\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bof)\b\i prove to be guilty (of a crime etc.).\p\B2\b declare guilty by the verdict of a jury or the decision of a judge.\p\In.\i\p\K/"kQnvIkt/\k\ILaw\i\p\B1\b a person found guilty of a criminal offence.\p\B2\b a person serving a prison sentence, \Iesp. hist.\i in a penal colony. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Iconvincere convict-\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Ivincere\i 'conquer'): noun from obsolete \Iconvict\i 'convicted'\c
<hw>conviction</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"vIkS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the act or process of proving or finding guilty. \Bb\b an instance of this \3(has two previous convictions).\c\p\B2\b \Ba\b the action or resulting state of being convinced. \Bb\b a firm belief or opinion. \Bc\b an act of convincing. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iconvictio\i (as \J\Xconvict\x)\j\c
<hw>convince</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"vIns/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bof,\b or \Bthat\b + clause)\i persuade (a person) to believe or realize.\p\B2\b (as \Bconvinced\b \Iadj.)\i firmly persuaded \3(a convinced pacifist).\c \Bconvincer\b\p\In.\i\p\Bconvincible\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin (as \J\Xconvict\x)\j\c
<hw>convincing</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"vInsIN/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b able to or such as to convince.\p\B2\b leaving no margin of doubt; substantial \3(a convincing victory).\c \Bconvincingly\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>convivial</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"vIvI\F'\nl/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b fond of good company; sociable and lively.\p\B2\b festive \3(a convivial atmosphere).\c \Bconviviality\b \K/-"alIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bconvivially\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iconvivialis\i from \Iconvivium\i 'feast' (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Ivivere\i 'live')\c
<hw>convocation</hw> \K/kQnv\F'\n"keIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act of calling together.\p\B2\b a large formal gathering of people, esp.: \Ba\b \BBrit.\b \IEccl\i a provincial synod of the Anglican clergy of Canterbury or York. \Bb\b \BBrit.\b a legislative or deliberative assembly of a university.\p\B3\b \BN. Amer.\b \IEducation\i a formal ceremony for the conferment of university awards.\Ksense 3 new f. F. Abate, incomings Nov 94\k \Bconvocational\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Iconvocatio\i (as \J\Xconvoke\x)\j\c
<hw>convoke</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"v\F'\nUk/\k \Iv.tr.\i \Iformal\i call (people) together to a meeting etc.; summon to assemble. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iconvocare convocat-\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Ivocare\i 'call')\c
<hw>convoluted</hw> \K/"kQnv\F'\nl(j)u:tId/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b coiled, twisted.\p\B2\b complex, intricate. \Bconvolutedly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3past part. of \Iconvolute,\i from Latin \Iconvolutus,\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Ivolvere volut-\i 'roll')\c
<hw>convolution</hw> \K/kQnv\F'\n"lu:S(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b coiling, twisting.\p\B2\b a coil or twist.\p\B3\b complexity.\p\B4\b \IAnat\i a sinuous fold in the surface of the brain. \Bconvolutional\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Iconvolutio\i (as \J\Xconvoluted\x)\j\c
<hw>convolve</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"vQlv/\k \Iv.tr. & intr.\i (esp. as \Bconvolved\b \Iadj.)\i roll together; coil up. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iconvolvere\i (as \J\Xconvoluted\x)\j\c
<hw>convolvulus</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"vQlvjUl\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bconvolvuluses)\b \IBot\i any twining plant of the genus \IConvolvulus,\i with trumpet-shaped flowers, e.g. bindweed. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = bindweed (as \J\Xcon-\x,\j \Ivolvulus\i from \Ivolvere\i 'to roll')\c
<hw>convoy</hw> \K/"kQnvOI/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \INaut\i a group of ships travelling together or under escort.\p\B2\b a supply of provisions etc. under escort.\p\B3\b \ITransport\i a group of vehicles travelling on land together or under escort.\p\B4\b the act of travelling or moving in a group or under escort. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \INaut\i (of a warship) escort (a merchant or passenger vessel).\p\B2\b escort, esp. with armed force.\p\1in convoy\c under escort with others; as a group.\Knew f. OERD Jun 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Old French \Iconvoyer,\i variant of \Iconveier\i \J\Xconvey\x\j\c
<hw>convulsant</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"vVls(\F'\n)nt/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IPharm.\i \Iadj.\i producing convulsions.\p\In.\i\pa drug that may produce convulsions. \BEtymology:\b \3French from \Iconvulser\i (as \J\Xconvulse\x)\j\c
<hw>convulse</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"vVls/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \I(usu. in \Bpassive)\b\i affect with convulsions.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i cause to laugh uncontrollably.\p\B3\b shake violently; agitate, disturb. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iconvellere convuls-\i 'pull violently, wrench' (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Ivellere\i 'pull')\c
<hw>convulsion</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"vVlS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i \IMed\i violent irregular motion of a limb or limbs or the body caused by involuntary contraction of muscles, esp. as a disorder of infants.\p\B2\b \IGeol\i a violent natural disturbance, esp. an earthquake.\p\B3\b \IPolit\i violent social or political agitation.\p\B4\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \Icolloq.\i uncontrollable laughter. \Bconvulsionary\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iconvulsion\i or Latin \Iconvulsio\i (as \J\Xconvulse\x)\j\c
<hw>convulsive</hw> \K/k\F'\nn"vVlsIv/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b characterized by or affected with convulsions.\p\B2\b producing convulsions. \Bconvulsively\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>cony</hw> \K/"k\F'\nUni/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bconey)\b \I(pl.\i \B-ies\b or \B-eys)\b\p\B1\b \IZool\i \Ba\b \IHeraldry\i or \Idial.\i a rabbit. \Bb\b its fur.\p\B2\b \IBibl.\i a hyrax. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English \Icunin(g)\i via Anglo-French \Iconing,\i Old French \Iconin,\i from Latin \Icuniculus\i\c
<hw>coo</hw> \K/ku:/\k \In., v., & int.\i\p\In.\i\pa soft murmuring sound like that of a dove or pigeon.\p\Iv.\i\p\B(coos,\b \Bcooed)\b\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i make the sound of a coo.\p\B2\b \Iintr. & tr.\i talk or say in a soft or amorous voice. \Iint.\i \BBrit.\b \Islang\i expressing surprise or incredulity.\Kcooingly omitted Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3imitative\c
<hw>co-occur</hw> \K/k\F'\nU\F'\n"k\F'\n:/\k \Iv.intr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i occur together or simultaneously. \Bco-occurrence\b \K/-"kVr(\F'\n)ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\Knew f. SOED, corpus Sep 93\k
<hw>cooee</hw> \K/"ku:I/, /-i:/\k \In., int., & v.\i \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i \In. & int.\i a sound used to attract attention, esp. at a distance. \Iv.intr.\i \B(cooees,\b \Bcooeed,\b \Bcooeeing)\b make this sound.\p\1within cooee (or a cooee) of\c \BAustral.\b & \BNZ\b \Icolloq.\i very near to. \BEtymology:\b \3imitative of a signal used by Australian Aboriginals and copied by settlers\c
<hw>cook</hw> \K/kUk/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \ICookery\i \Itr.\i prepare (food) by heating it.\p\B2\b \ICookery\i \Iintr.\i (of food) undergo cooking.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \Icolloq.\i falsify (accounts etc.); alter to produce a desired result (esp. in \Bcook the books).\b\p\B4\b \Itr.\i \Islang\i ruin, spoil.\Ksense 5 omitted for lack of evidence Sept 94\k\p\B5\b \Itr. & intr.\i \BUS\b \Icolloq.\i do or proceed successfully.\p\B6\b \Iintr.\i (as \Bbe cooking)\b \Icolloq.\i be happening or about to happen \3(went to find out what was cooking).\c\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i a person who cooks, esp. professionally or in a specified way \3(a good cook).\c\p\1cook a person's goose\c ruin a person's chances.\p\Bcook up\b \Icolloq.\i invent or concoct (a story, excuse, etc.). \Bcookable\b \Iadj. & n.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Icoc,\i from popular Latin \Icocus\i for Latin \Icoquus\i\c
<hw>cookbook</hw> \K/"kUkbUk/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i a cookery book.
<hw>cook-chill</hw> \Iattrib.adj.\i \BBrit.\b \IFood\i designating food which has been cooked and refrigerated by the manufacturer ready for reheating by the consumer.
<hw>cooker</hw> \K/"kUk\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \BBrit.\b a stove used for cooking food. \Bb\b \I(usu. in \Bcomb.)\b\i a container in which food is cooked \3(pressure cooker).\c\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i a fruit etc. (esp. an apple) that is more suitable for cooking than for eating raw.
<hw>cookery</hw> \K/"kUk(\F'\n)ri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \ICookery\i\p\B1\b the art or practice of cooking.\p\B2\b \BUS\b a place or establishment for cooking.
<hw>cookery book</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ILiterature\i a book containing recipes and other information about cooking.
<hw>cookhouse</hw> \K/"kUkhaUs/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMil\i a camp kitchen.\p\B2\b an outdoor kitchen in warm countries.\p\B3\b \INaut\i a ship's galley.
<hw>cookie</hw> \K/"kUki/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \BN. Amer.\b \IFood\i a small sweet biscuit.\p\B2\b \Islang\i a person of a specified kind \3(tough cookie).\c\p\B3\b \BSc.\b \IFood\i a plain bun.\p\1the way the cookie crumbles\c \Besp. N. Amer.\b \Icolloq.\i how things turn out; the unalterable state of affairs. \BEtymology:\b \3Dutch \Ikoekje,\i diminutive of \Ikoek\i 'cake'\c
<hw>cooking</hw> \K/"kUkIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i\p\B1\b the art or process by which food is cooked.\p\B2\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i suitable for or used in cooking \3(cooking apple;\c \2cooking utensils).\c
<hw>cookout</hw> \K/"kUkaUt/\k\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b a gathering with an open-air cooked meal; a barbecue.
<hw>cookware</hw> \K/"kUkwE:/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i utensils for cooking, esp. dishes, pans, etc.
<hw>cool</hw> \K/ku:l/\k \Iadj., n., & v.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of or at a fairly low temperature; fairly cold \3(a cool day;\c \2a cool bath).\c\p\B2\b suggesting or achieving coolness \3(cool colours;\c \2cool clothes).\c\p\B3\b calm, unexcited.\p\B4\b lacking zeal or enthusiasm.\p\B5\b unfriendly; lacking cordiality \3(got a cool reception).\c\p\B6\b \IMus\i (of jazz playing) restrained, relaxed.\p\B7\b calmly audacious \3(a cool customer).\c\p\B8\b \I(prec. by \Ba)\b\i \Icolloq.\i (usu. as an intensive; esp. of large sums of money) not less than; a full \3(cost me a cool thousand).\c\p\B9\b \Islang\i \Ba\b excellent, marvellous. \Bb\b fashionable; having street credibility.\K9b new f. incomings Sep 94\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b coolness.\p\B2\b cool air; a cool place.\p\B3\b \Islang\i calmness, composure \3(keep one's cool;\c \2lose one's cool).\c \Iv.tr. & intr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bdown,\b \Boff)\b\i make or become cool.\p\1cool one's heels\c \Isee\i \J\Xheel\x (1).\j\p\1cool it\c \Islang\i relax, calm down. \Bcoolish\b \Iadj.\i \Bcoolly\b \K/"ku:lli/\k \Iadv.\i \Bcoolness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Icol,\i \Icolian,\i from the Germanic base of \J\Xcold\x\j\c
<hw>coolabah</hw> \K/"ku:l\F'\nbA:/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcoolibah\b \K/-lIbA:/\k) \BAustral.\b \IBot\i any of various gum trees, esp. Eucalyptus microtheca. \BEtymology:\b \3Kamilaroi (and related languages) \Igulabaa\i\c
<hw>coolant</hw> \K/"ku:l(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IEngin Chem\i\p\B1\b a cooling agent, esp. fluid, to remove heat from an engine, nuclear reactor, etc.\p\B2\b \ITools\i a fluid used to lessen the friction of a cutting tool. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xcool\x\j + \J\X-ant\x,\j on the pattern of \Ilubricant\i\c
<hw>cool bag</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcool box)\b \BBrit.\b \IFood\i an insulated container for keeping food cool.
<hw>cooler</hw> \K/"ku:l\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a vessel in which a thing is cooled.\p\B2\b \BN. Amer.\b \Ba\b a refrigerator. \Bb\b = \J\Xcool bag\x.\j\Ksense 2b new f. F. Abate, Incs Nov 94\k\p\B3\b \IDrink\i a long drink, esp. a spritzer.\p\B4\b \ICriminol\i \Islang\i prison or a prison cell.
<hw>coolie</hw> \K/"ku:li/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcooly)\b \I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IAnthropol\i\p\B1\b an unskilled native labourer in India, China, and some other Eastern countries.\p\B2\b \Ioffens.\i a person from the Indian subcontinent; a person of Indian descent.\Ksense 2 new f. OERD May 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Hindi and Telugu \IKuli\i 'day-labourer', probably from Tamil Telugu \IKuli\i 'hire'\c
<hw>coolie hat</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IClothing\i a broad conical hat as worn by coolies.
<hw>cooling-off period</hw>\p\In.\i\pan interval to allow for a change of mind before commitment to action.
<hw>cooling tower</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IIndustry\i a tall structure for cooling hot water before reuse, esp. in industry.
<hw>coolth</hw> \K/ku:lT/\k\p\In.\i\pcoolness.\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED, Incomings Sep 93\k
<hw>coomb</hw> \K/ku:m/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcombe)\b \BBrit.\b \IGeol\i\p\B1\b a valley or hollow on the side of a hill.\p\B2\b a short valley running up from the coast. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Icumb,\i from Celtic: cf. \J\Xcwm\x\j\c
<hw>coon</hw> \K/ku:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \BN. Amer.\b \IZool\i a raccoon.\p\B2\b \IPeople\i \Islang\i \Ioffens.\i a black person. \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation\c
<hw>coon-can</hw> \K/"ku:nkan/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICards\i a simple card game like rummy (originally Mexican). \BEtymology:\b \3probably from Spanish \Icon quiΘn\i 'with whom?'\c
<hw>coonskin</hw> \K/"ku:nskIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ITextiles\i the skin of a raccoon.\p\B2\b \IClothing\i a cap etc. made of this.
<hw>coop</hw> \K/ku:p/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IAgriculture\i a cage or pen for confining poultry.\p\B2\b \ICriminol\i a small place of confinement, esp. a prison.\p\B3\b \BBrit.\b \IFishing\i a basket used in catching fish. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b put or keep (a fowl) in a coop.\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Bup,\b \Bin)\b\i confine (a person) in a small space. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English \Icupe\i 'basket', from Middle Dutch, Middle Low German \Ikupe,\i ultimately from Latin \Icupa\i 'cask'\c
<hw>co-op</hw> \K/"k\F'\nUQp/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i \Icolloq.\i\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b a cooperative society or shop.\p\B2\b a cooperative business or enterprise. \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation\c
<hw>cooper</hw> \K/"ku:p\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i \IDrink\i\p\In.\i\pa maker or repairer of casks, barrels, etc. \Iv.tr.\i make or repair (a cask). \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Middle Dutch, Middle Low German \Ikuper,\i from \Ikupe\i \J\Xcoop\x\j\c
<hw>cooperage</hw> \K/"ku:p(\F'\n)rIdZ/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the work or establishment of a cooper.\p\B2\b money payable for a cooper's work.
<hw>cooperate</hw> \K/k\F'\nU"Qp\F'\nreIt/\k \Iv.intr.\i (also \Bco-operate)\b\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i work or act together; help, assist.\p\B2\b (of things) concur in producing an effect. \Bcooperant\b \Iadj.\i \Bcooperator\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3ecclesiastical Latin \Icooperari\i (as \J\Xco-\x,\j \Ioperari\i from \Iopus operis\i 'work')\c
<hw>cooperation</hw> \K/k\F'\nU%Qp\F'\n"reIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bco-operation)\b\p\B1\b the process of working together to the same end; assistance.\p\B2\b \IEcon.\i the formation and operation of cooperatives. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Icooperatio\i (as \J\Xcooperate\x):\j partly through French \IcoopΘration\i\c
<hw>cooperative</hw> \K/k\F'\nU"Qp(\F'\n)r\F'\ntIv/\k \Iadj. & n.\i (also \Bco-operative)\b \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of or affording cooperation.\p\B2\b willing to cooperate.\p\B3\b \IEcon.\i (of a farm, business, enterprise, etc.) owned and run jointly by its members, with profits or benefits shared among them.\p\In.\i\pa cooperative farm or society or business. \Bcooperatively\b \Iadv.\i \Bcooperativeness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Icooperativus\i (as \J\Xcooperate\x)\j\c
<hw>co-opt</hw> \K/k\F'\nU"Qpt/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b appoint to membership of a body by invitation of the existing members.\p\B2\b absorb into a larger (esp. political) group; take over, adopt (an idea etc.).\Ksense 2 new in COD9 f. NEWS Sep 93\k \Bco-optation\b \K/-"teIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bco-option\b\p\In.\i\p\Bco-optive\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icooptare\i (as \J\Xco-\x,\j \Ioptare\i 'choose')\c
<hw>coordinate</hw> \Iv., adj., & n.\i (also \Bco-ordinate)\b\p\Iv.\i\p\K/k\F'\nU"O:dIneIt/\k\p\B1\b \Itr.\i bring (various parts, movements, etc.) into a proper or required relation to ensure harmony or effective operation etc.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i work or act together effectively.\Kmake coordinate omitted f. COD9 Se 93\k \Iadj.\i \K/k\F'\nU"O:dIn\F'\nt/\k\p\B1\b equal in rank or importance.\p\B2\b in which the parts are coordinated; involving coordination.\p\B3\b \IGram.\i (of parts of a compound sentence) equal in status.\p\B4\b \IChem.\i denoting a type of covalent bond in which one atom provides both the shared electrons.\p\In.\i\p\K/k\F'\nU"O:dIn\F'\nt/\k\p\B1\b \IMath.\i each of a system of magnitudes used to fix the position of a point, line, or plane.\p\B2\b a person or thing equal in rank or importance.\p\B3\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \IClothing\i matching items of clothing. \Kcoordinately omitted Sep 93\k\Bcoordinative\b \K/-neItIv/\k \Iadj.\i \Bcoordinator\b \K/-neIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xco-\x\j + Latin \Iordinare ordinat-\i from \Iordo -inis\i 'order'\c
<hw>Coordinated Universal Time</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IHorol\i = \J\XGreenwich Mean Time\x\j (abbr.: \BUTC).\b\Kabbr\k\Knew f. corpus Apr 94\k
<hw>coordination</hw> \K/k\F'\nU%O:dI"neIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the harmonious or effective working together of different parts.\p\B2\b the arrangement of parts etc. into an effective relation.\p\B3\b \IChem.\i the formation of a coordinate bond.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k
<hw>coot</hw> \K/ku:t/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool\i any black aquatic bird of the genus \IFulica,\i esp. F. atra with the upper mandible extended backwards to form a white plate on the forehead.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i a stupid person. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, probably from Low German\c
<hw>cootie</hw> \K/ku:ti/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i \Islang\i a body louse. \BEtymology:\b \3perhaps from Malay \Ikutu,\i a biting parasite\c
<hw>co-own</hw> \K/k\F'\nU"\F'\nUn/\k \Iv.tr.\i own jointly with another person or persons. \Bco-owner\b\p\In.\i\p\Bco-ownership\b\p\In.\i\p\Knew f. SOED, corpus Sep 93\k
<hw>cop (1)</hw> \K/kQp/\k \In. & v.\i \Islang\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ICriminol\i a police officer.\p\B2\b \ICriminol\i \BBrit.\b a capture or arrest \3(it's a fair cop).\c \Iv.tr.\i \B(copped,\b \Bcopping)\b\p\B1\b \ICriminol\i catch or arrest (an offender).\p\B2\b receive, suffer.\p\B3\b take, seize.\p\1cop a plea\c \BUS\b \Islang\i = \J\Xplea bargain\x\p\Iv.\i\p\j \I(see\i \J\Xplea bargaining\x).\j\Kidm cop a plea new f. Incs, F.Abate Nov 94\k\p\1cop it\c \BBrit.\b\p\B1\b get into trouble; be punished.\p\B2\b be killed.\p\Bcop out\b\p\B1\b withdraw; give up an attempt.\p\B2\b go back on a promise.\p\B3\b escape.\p\1not much (or no) cop\c \BBrit.\b of little or no value or use. \BEtymology:\b \3perhaps from obsolete \Icap\i 'arrest' via Old French \Icaper\i 'seize' from Latin \Icapere:\i cf. \J\Xcopper\x (2)\j\c
<hw>cop (2)</hw> \K/kQp/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISpinning\i (in spinning) a conical ball of thread wound on a spindle. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Icop\i 'summit'\c
<hw>copacetic</hw> \K/k\F'\nUp\F'\n"sEtIk/, /-"si:t-/\k \Iadj.\i \BN. Amer.\b \Islang\i excellent; in good order. \BEtymology:\b \320th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>copaiba</hw> \K/k\F'\nU"pVIb\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPharm Chem\i an aromatic oil or resin from any plant of the genus \ICopaifera,\i used in medicine and perfumery. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish & Portuguese from Guarani \Icupauba\i\c
<hw>copal</hw> \K/"k\F'\nUp(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot Chem\i a resin from any of various tropical trees, used for varnish. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish from Nahuatl \Icopalli\i 'incense'\c
<hw>co-partner</hw> \K/k\F'\nU"pA:tn\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pa partner or associate, esp. when sharing equally. \Bco-partnership\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>cope (1)</hw> \K/k\F'\nUp/\k \Iv.intr.\i\p\B1\b \I(foll. by \Bwith)\b\i deal effectively or contend successfully with a person or task.\p\B2\b manage successfully; deal with a situation or problem \3(found they could no longer cope).\c \BEtymology:\b \3earlier in the sense 'meet in battle': Middle English via Old French \Icoper,\i \Icolper\i (from \Icop,\i \Icolp\i 'blow') from medieval Latin \Icolpus,\i via Latin \Icolaphus\i from Greek \Ikolaphos\i 'blow with the fist'\c
<hw>cope (2)</hw> \K/k\F'\nUp/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IEccl.\i a long cloaklike vestment worn by a priest or bishop in ceremonies and processions.\p\B2\b \Iesp. poet.\i anything likened to a cloak or canopy. \Iv.tr.\i cover with a cope or coping. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, ultimately from Late Latin \Icappa\i \J\Xcap\x,\j \J\Xcape\x (1)\j\c
<hw>copeck</hw> \K/"k\F'\nUpEk/, /"kQpEk/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bkopeck,\b \Bkopek)\b \ICurrency\i a monetary unit of Russia and some other countries of the former USSR, equal to one-hundredth of a rouble. \BEtymology:\b \3Russian \Ikopeika,\i diminutive of \Ikop\i\Fó\n\Iδ\i 'lance' (from the figure on the coin in 1535 of Ivan IV bearing a lance instead of a sword)\c
<hw>copepod</hw> \K/"k\F'\nUpIpQd/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i any small aquatic crustacean of the class Copepoda, many of which occur in plankton. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ikope\i 'oar-handle' + \Ipous podos\i 'foot'\c
<hw>coper</hw> \K/"k\F'\nUp\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i a horse-dealer. \BEtymology:\b \3obsolete \Icope\i 'buy', from Middle Dutch, Middle Low German \Ikopen,\i German \Ikaufen:\i related to \J\Xcheap\x\j\c
<hw>Copernican system</hw> \K/k\F'\n"p\F'\n:nIk(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \BCopernican theory)\b \IAstron.\i the theory that the planets (including the earth) move round the sun \I(cf.\i \J\XPtolemaic system\x).\j \BEtymology:\b \3\ICopernicus\i latinized from M. \IKopernik,\i Polish astronomer d. 1543\c
<hw>copiable</hw> \K/"kQpI\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i that can or may be copied.
<hw>copier</hw> \K/"kQpI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pa machine or person that copies (esp. documents).
<hw>co-pilot</hw> \K/"k\F'\nUpVIl\F'\nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAeron\i a second pilot in an aircraft.
<hw>coping</hw> \K/"k\F'\nUpIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBuilding Archit\i the top (usu. sloping) course of masonry in a wall or parapet. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xcope\x (2)\j\c
<hw>coping saw</hw> \K/"k\F'\nUpIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICarpentry\i a D-shaped saw for cutting curves in wood. \BEtymology:\b \3\Icope\i 'cut wood' from Old French \Icoper:\i see \J\Xcope\x (1)\j\c
<hw>coping stone</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBuilding\i a stone used in a coping.
<hw>copious</hw> \K/"k\F'\nUpI\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b abundant, plentiful.\p\B2\b producing much.\p\B3\b providing much information.\p\B4\b profuse in speech. \Bcopiously\b \Iadv.\i \Bcopiousness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Icopieux\i or from Latin \Icopiosus,\i from \Icopia\i 'plenty'\c
<hw>copita</hw> \K/k\F'\nU"pi:t\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IDrink\i\p\B1\b a tulip-shaped sherry glass.\p\B2\b a glass of sherry. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish, diminutive of \Icopa\i 'cup'\c
<hw>coplanar</hw> \K/k\F'\nU"pleIn\F'\n/\k \Iadj.\i \IGeom.\i \IMath\i in the same plane. \Bcoplanarity\b \K/-pl\F'\n"narIti/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>copolymer</hw> \K/k\F'\nU"pQlIm\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i a polymer with units of more than one kind. \Bcopolymerize\b \Iv.tr. & intr.\i (also \B-ise).\b \Bcopolymerization\b \K/-rVI"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \B-isation).\b\K-ization new f. SOED Sep 93\k
<hw>cop-out</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a cowardly or feeble evasion.\p\B2\b an escape; a way of escape.
<hw>copper (1)</hw> \K/"kQp\F'\n/\k \In., adj., & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IChem.\i a malleable red-brown metallic element of the transition series occurring naturally esp. in cuprite and malachite, and used esp. for electrical wiring (symbol \BCu).\b\Ksymb\k\p\B2\b \I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i \ICurrency\i a bronze coin, esp. one of little value.\p\B3\b \BBrit.\b a large metal vessel for boiling esp. laundry.\p\B4\b \IZool\i any of various butterflies with copper-coloured wings. \Iadj.\i made of or coloured like copper. \Iv.tr.\i cover (a ship's bottom, a pan, etc.) with copper. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Icopor,\i \Icoper,\i ultimately from Latin \Icyprium aes\i 'Cyprus metal'\c
<hw>copperas</hw> \K/"kQp(\F'\n)r\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i hydrated ferrous sulphate, forming green crystals. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English \Icoperose\i via Old French \Icouperose\i from medieval Latin \Icup(e)rosa:\i perhaps originally \Iaqua cuprosa\i 'copper water'\c
<hw>copper beech</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a variety of beech with copper-coloured leaves.
<hw>copper belt</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IGeog Mineral\i a copper-mining area of central Africa.
<hw>copper bit</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ITools\i a soldering tool pointed with copper.
<hw>copper-bottomed</hw> \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \INaut\i (esp. of a ship or pan) having a bottom sheathed with copper.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b \ICommerce\i genuine or reliable, esp. financially.
<hw>copperhead</hw> \K/"kQp\F'\nhEd/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i\p\B1\b a venomous viper, Agkistrodon contortrix, native to N. America.\p\B2\b a venomous cobra, Denisonia superba, native to Australia.
<hw>copperplate</hw> \K/"kQp\F'\npleIt/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPrinting Art\i \Ba\b a polished copper plate for engraving or etching. \Bb\b a print made from this.\p\B2\b \ICalligraphy\i an ornate style of handwriting resembling that originally used in engravings. \Iadj.\i of or in copperplate writing.
<hw>coppery</hw> \K/"kQp(\F'\n)ri/\k \Iadj.\i of or like copper, esp. in colour.
<hw>coppice</hw> \K/"kQpIs/\k \In. & v.\i \IForestry\i\p\In.\i\pan area of undergrowth and small trees, grown for periodic cutting.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i cut back (young trees) periodically to stimulate growth of shoots.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i (of a tree) produce new shoots from a stump.\Ksense 2 new f. SOED Sep 93\k \Bcoppiced\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old French \Icope∩z,\i ultimately from medieval Latin \Icolpus\i 'blow': see \J\Xcope\x (1)\j\c
<hw>copra</hw> \K/"kQpr\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i the dried kernels of the coconut. \BEtymology:\b \3Portuguese, from Malayalam \Ikoppara\i 'coconut'\c
<hw>co-precipitation</hw> \K/%k\F'\nUprIsIpI"teIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i the simultaneous precipitation of more than one compound from a solution.
<hw>coprocessor</hw> \K/k\F'\nU"pr\F'\nUsEs\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IComputing\i a microprocessor providing additional functions to supplement a primary processor.\Knew f. OERD May 94\k
<hw>co-produce</hw> \K/k\F'\nUpr\F'\n"dju:s/\k \Iv.tr.\i \ITheatr\i produce (a play, broadcast, etc.) jointly. \Bco-producer\b\p\In.\i\p\Bco-production\b \K/-"dVkS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Kco-produce and -producer new f. corpus Sep 93\k
<hw>coprolite</hw> \K/"kQpr\F'\nlVIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IArchaeol.\i fossil dung or a piece of it.
<hw>coprophilia</hw> \K/kQpr\F'\n(U)"fIlI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i an abnormal interest in faeces and defecation.
<hw>coprosma</hw> \K/k\F'\n"prQzm\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i any small evergreen plant of the genus \ICoprosma,\i native to Australasia. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin, from Greek \Ikopros\i 'dung' + \Iosme\i 'smell'\c
<hw>copse</hw> \K/kQps/\k\p\In.\i\p\IForestry Geog\i\p\B1\b = \J\Xcoppice\x.\j\p\B2\b (in general use) a small wood. \BEtymology:\b \3shortened from \J\Xcoppice\x\j\c
<hw>cop shop</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ICriminol\i a police station.
<hw>Copt</hw> \K/kQpt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IEgyptol. People\i a native Egyptian in the Hellenistic and Roman periods.\p\B2\b \IEccl\i a native Christian of the independent Egyptian Church. \BEtymology:\b \3French \ICopte\i or modern Latin \ICoptus\i via Arabic \Ial-kibt,\i \Ial-kubt\i 'Copts' and Coptic \IGyptios\i from Greek \IAiguptios\i 'Egyptian'\c
<hw>Coptic</hw> \K/"kQptIk/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\IEccl Language\i the language of the Copts, now used only in the Coptic Church. \Iadj.\i of or relating to the Copts or their language.
<hw>copula</hw> \K/"kQpjUl\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bcopulas)\b \ILogic\i & \IGram.\i a connecting word, esp. a part of the verb \Ibe\i connecting a subject and predicate. \Bcopular\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin (as \J\Xco-\x,\j \Iapere\i 'fasten')\c
<hw>copulate</hw> \K/"kQpjUleIt/\k \Iv.intr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i \IZool\i have sexual intercourse. \Bcopulatory\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icopulare\i 'fasten together' (as \J\Xcopula\x)\j\c
<hw>copulation</hw> \K/kQpjU"leIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool\i sexual union.\p\B2\b \ILogic Gram\i a grammatical or logical connection. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Icopulatio\i (as \J\Xcopulate\x)\j\c
<hw>copulative</hw> \K/"kQpjUl\F'\ntIv/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b serving to connect.\p\B2\b \IGram.\i \Ba\b (of a word) that connects words or clauses linked in sense \I(cf.\i \J\Xdisjunctive\x 2).\j \Bb\b connecting a subject and predicate.\p\B3\b \IZool Anat\i relating to sexual union. \Bcopulatively\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Icopulatif -ive\i or Late Latin \Icopulativus\i (as \J\Xcopulate\x)\j\c
<hw>copy</hw> \K/"kQpi/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b a thing made to imitate or be identical to another.\p\B2\b a single specimen of a publication or issue \3(ordered twenty copies).\c\p\B3\b \IPublishing\i \Ba\b matter to be printed. \Bb\b \IJournalism\i material for a newspaper or magazine article \3(scandals make good copy).\c \Bc\b the text of an advertisement.\p\B4\b \Ba\b a model to be copied. \Bb\b a page written after a model (of penmanship).\p\Iv.\i\p\B(-ies,\b \B-ied)\b\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b make a copy of. \Bb\b \I(often foll. by \Bout)\b\i transcribe.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i make a copy rather than produce something original.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \I(foll. by \Bto)\b\i send a copy of (a letter) to a third party.\p\B4\b \Itr.\i do the same as; imitate. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Icopie,\i \Icopier,\i ultimately from Latin \Icopia\i 'abundance', pl. 'ability, opportunity' (in medieval Latin = transcript, from such phrases as \Icopiam describendi facere\i 'give permission to transcribe')\c
<hw>copybook</hw> \K/"kQpIbUk/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a book containing models of handwriting for learners to imitate.\p\B2\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i \Ba\b tritely conventional. \Bb\b accurate, exemplary.
<hw>copycat</hw> \K/"kQpIkat/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Icolloq.\i (esp. as a child's word) a person who copies another, esp. slavishly.\p\B2\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i in imitation of a person, act, event, etc. \3(copycat crimes).\c\K2 new f. corpus Nov 94\k
<hw>copydesk</hw> \K/"kQpIdEsk/\k\p\In.\i\p\IJournalism\i the desk at which copy is edited for printing.
<hw>copy-edit</hw> \Iv.tr.\i \B(-edited,\b \B-editing)\b \IPublishing\i edit (copy) for printing. \Bcopy editor\b\p\In.\i\p\Ksubsumed in COD9 Sep 93\k
<hw>copyhold</hw> \K/"kQpIh\F'\nUld/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ILaw\i \Ihist.\i\p\B1\b tenure of land based on manorial records.\p\B2\b land held in this way.\Kcopyholder denested Sep 94\k
<hw>copyholder</hw> \K/"kQpIh\F'\nUld\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b \Ihist.\i a person who held land in copyhold.\p\B2\b \IComputing\i a clasp for holding copy while it is keyboarded, typed, etc.\Ksense 2 new f. SOED Sep 94\k\Kdenested Sep 94\k
<hw>copyist</hw> \K/"kQpIIst/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person who makes (esp. written) copies.\p\B2\b an imitator. \BEtymology:\b \3earlier \Icopist,\i from French \Icopiste\i or medieval Latin \Icopista\i (as \J\Xcopy\x)\j\c
<hw>copyreader</hw> \K/"kQpIri:d\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IJournalism Publishing\i a person who reads and edits copy for a newspaper or book. \Bcopyread\b \Iv.tr.\i \I(past\i and \Ipast part.\i \Bcopyread\b \K/-rEd/\k).
<hw>copyright</hw> \K/"kQpIrVIt/\k \In., adj., & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\ILaw Publishing\i the exclusive legal right, given to the originator or his or her assignee for a fixed number of years, to print, publish, perform, film, or record literary, artistic, or musical material, and to authorize others to do the same. \Iadj.\i (of such material) protected by copyright. \Iv.tr.\i secure copyright for (material).
<hw>copyright library</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IBibliog\i a library entitled to a free copy of each book published in the UK.
<hw>copy-typist</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i a person who makes typewritten transcripts of documents.
<hw>copywriter</hw> \K/"kQpIrVIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IJournalism\i a person who writes or prepares copy (esp. of advertising material) for publication. \Bcopywriting\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>coq au vin</hw> \K/kQk \F'\nU "va~/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i a casserole of chicken pieces cooked in wine. \BEtymology:\b \3French\c
<hw>coquetry</hw> \K/"kQkItri/, /"k\F'\nU-/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b coquettish behaviour.\p\B2\b a coquettish act.\p\B3\b trifling with serious matters. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icoquetterie\i from \Icoqueter\i (as \J\Xcoquette\x)\j\c
<hw>coquette</hw> \K/kQ"kEt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a woman who flirts.\p\B2\b \IZool\i any crested hummingbird of the genus \ILophornis.\i \Bcoquettish\b \Iadj.\i \Bcoquettishly\b \Iadv.\i \Bcoquettishness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French, fem. of \Icoquet\i 'wanton', diminutive of \Icoq\i 'cock'\c
<hw>coquina</hw> \K/k\F'\nU"ki:n\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBuilding\i a soft limestone of broken shells, used in road-making in the W. Indies and Florida. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish, = cockle\c
<hw>coquito</hw> \K/k\F'\nU"ki:t\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b \IBot\i a palm tree, Jubaea chilensis, native to Chile, yielding honey from its sap, and fibre. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish, diminutive of \Icoco\i 'coconut'\c
<hw>Cor.</hw> \Iabbr.\i\p\B1\b \IBibl\i Corinthians (New Testament).\p\B2\b \BUS\b coroner.
<hw>cor-</hw> \K/kQ/, /k\F'\n/\k \Iprefix\i \Iassim. form of\i \J\Xcom-\x\j before \Ir.\i
<hw>coracle</hw> \K/"kQr\F'\nk(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \INaut\i a small boat of wickerwork covered with watertight material, used on Welsh and Irish lakes and rivers. \BEtymology:\b \3Welsh \Icorwgl\i (= Irish \Icurrach\i 'small boat': cf. \J\Xcurrach\x)\j\c
<hw>coracoid</hw> \K/"kQr\F'\nkOId/\k\p\In.\i\p(in full \Bcoracoid process)\b \IAnat\i a short projection from the shoulder blade in vertebrates. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \Icoracoides\i from Greek \Ikorakoeides\i 'raven-like', from \Ikorax -akos\i 'raven'\c
<hw>coral</hw> \K/"kQr(\F'\n)l/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \IZool\i a hard calcareous substance secreted by certain marine coelenterates as an external skeleton and often forming large reefs. \Bb\b any similar substance secreted by other marine organisms, esp. (in full \Bred coral)\b \IJewellery\i a tough red substance produced by gorgonians of the genus \ICorallium\i and used in jewellery.\p\B2\b \IZool\i a marine coelenterate of the class Anthozoa, with a calcareous, horny, or soft skeleton, and often colonial, esp. \B(stony or true coral)\b of the reef-forming order Madreporaria.\p\B3\b a pinkish-red colour.\p\B4\b \IZool\i the unfertilized roe of a lobster or scallop. \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of a pinkish-red colour.\p\B2\b made of coral. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French and Latin \Icorallum\i from Greek \Ikorallion,\i probably of Semitic origin\c
<hw>coral island</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IGeol\i an island formed by the growth of coral.\Kaaw Aug 92\k
<hw>coralline</hw> \K/"kQr\F'\nlVIn/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBot\i any seaweed of the genus \ICorallina\i having a calcareous jointed stem.\p\B2\b (in general use) the name of various plantlike compound organisms. \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b = \J\Xcoral\x \Iadj.\i 1.\j\p\B2\b of or like coral. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icorallin\i & Italian \Icorallina\i from Late Latin \Icorallinus\i (as \J\Xcoral\x)\j\c
<hw>corallite</hw> \K/"kQr\F'\nlVIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool\i the coral skeleton of a marine polyp.\p\B2\b \IGeol\i fossil coral. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icorallum\i \J\Xcoral\x\j\c
<hw>coralloid</hw> \K/"kQr\F'\nlOId/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i like or akin to coral.\p\In.\i\p\IBiol\i a coralloid organism.
<hw>coral rag</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IGeol\i limestone containing beds of petrified corals.
<hw>coral reef</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IGeol\i a reef formed by the growth of coral.
<hw>coral-root</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot.\i\p\B1\b a woodland plant, Cardamine bulbifera (family Cruciferae), with purple flowers and scaly rhizomes.\p\B2\b (in full \Bcoral-root orchid)\b a brown saprophytic orchid of the genus \ICorallorhiza.\i\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k
<hw>coral snake</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i any of various brightly coloured snakes of the cobra family, esp. a venomous one of the American genus \IMicrurus.\i
\B\Icoram populo\b\i \K/%kO:r\F'\nm "pQpjUl\F'\nU/\k \Iadv.\i in public. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = in the presence of the people\c
<hw>cor anglais</hw> \K/kO:r "A:NgleI/, /"QNgleI/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bcors anglais\b \Ipronunc.\i same) \IMus.\i\p\B1\b an alto woodwind instrument of the oboe family.\p\B2\b a player of this instrument.\p\B3\b an organ stop with the quality of a cor anglais. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = English horn\c
<hw>corbel</hw> \K/"kO:b(\F'\n)l/\k \In. & v.\i \IArchit.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a projection of stone, timber, etc., jutting out from a wall to support a weight.\p\B2\b a short timber laid longitudinally under a beam to help support it. \Iv.tr. & intr.\i \B(corbelled,\b \Bcorbelling;\b \BUS\b \Bcorbeled,\b \Bcorbeling)\b \I(foll. by \Bout,\b \Boff)\b\i support or project on corbels. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French, diminutive of \Icorp\i 'crow' (see \J\Xcorbie\x):\j perhaps from the shape of a corbel, resembling a crow's beak\c
<hw>corbel-table</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IArchit.\i a projecting course resting on corbels.
<hw>corbie</hw> \K/"kO:bi/\k\p\In.\i\p\BSc.\b \IZool\i\p\B1\b a raven.\p\B2\b a carrion crow. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icorb,\i \Icorp\i from Latin \Icorvus\i 'crow'\c
<hw>corbie-step</hw>\p\In.\i\p\I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i \IArchit\i each of several steplike projections on the sloping sides of a gable.
<hw>cord</hw> \K/kO:d/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b long thin flexible string or rope made from several twisted strands. \Bb\b a piece of this.\p\B2\b \IAnat.\i a structure in the body resembling a cord \3(spinal cord).\c\p\B3\b \Ba\b \ITextiles\i ribbed fabric, esp. corduroy. \Bb\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \IClothing\i corduroy trousers. \Bc\b a cordlike rib on fabric.\p\B4\b \IElectr\i an electric flex.\p\B5\b \IForestry\i a measure of cut wood (usu. 128 cu.ft, 3.62 cubic metres).\p\B6\b a moral or emotional tie \3(cords of affection).\c \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b fasten or bind with cord.\p\B2\b (as \Bcorded\b \Iadj.)\i \Ba\b \ITextiles\i (of cloth) ribbed. \Bb\b provided with cords. \Bc\b (of muscles) standing out like taut cords. \Bcordlike\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icorde\i and Latin \Ichorda\i from Greek \Ikhorde\i 'gut, string of musical instrument'\c
<hw>cordage</hw> \K/"kO:dIdZ/\k\p\In.\i\p\INaut\i cords or ropes, esp. in the rigging of a ship. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from French (as \J\Xcord\x)\j\c
<hw>cordate</hw> \K/"kO:deIt/\k \Iadj.\i heart-shaped. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \Icordatus\i from Latin \Icor cordis\i 'heart'\c
<hw>Cordelier</hw> \K/kO:dI"lI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IEccl\i a Franciscan Observant (wearing a knotted cord round the waist). \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French from \Icordele,\i diminutive of \Icorde\i \J\Xcord\x\j\c
<hw>cordial</hw> \K/"kO:dI\F'\nl/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b heartfelt, sincere.\p\B2\b warm, friendly.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b \IDrink\i a fruit-flavoured drink.\p\B2\b \IMed\i a comforting or pleasant-tasting medicine.\p\B3\b = \J\Xliqueur\x.\j\Ksense 3 new f. F. Abate, corpus, Nov 94\k \Bcordiality\b \K/-"alIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bcordially\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via medieval Latin \Icordialis\i from Latin \Icor cordis\i 'heart'\c
<hw>cordillera</hw> \K/kO:dI"ljE:r\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeog\i a system or group of usu. parallel mountain ranges together with intervening plateaux etc., esp. of the Andes and in Central America and Mexico. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish from \Icordilla,\i diminutive of \Icuerda\i \J\Xcord\x\j\c
<hw>cordite</hw> \K/"kO:dVIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i a smokeless explosive made from nitrocellulose and nitroglycerine. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xcord\x\j (from its appearance) + \J\X-ite\x (1)\j\c
<hw>cordless</hw> \K/"kO:dlIs/\k \Iadj.\i \IElectronics Telephony\i (of an electrical appliance, telephone, etc.) working without connection to a mains supply or central unit.
<hw>cordon</hw> \K/"kO:d(\F'\n)n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a line or circle of police, soldiers, guards, etc., esp. preventing access to or from an area.\p\B2\b \Ba\b an ornamental cord or braid. \Bb\b the ribbon of a knightly order.\p\B3\b \IHort\i a fruit tree trained to grow as a single stem.\p\B4\b \IArchit.\i a string-course. \Iv.tr.\i \I(often foll. by \Boff)\b\i enclose or separate with a cordon of police etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian \Icordone,\i augmentative of \Icorda\i \J\Xcord\x,\j & French \Icordon\i (as \J\Xcord\x)\j\c
<hw>cordon bleu</hw> \K/%kO:dQ~ "bl\F'\n:/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \ICookery\i \Iadj.\i of the highest class.\p\In.\i\pa cook of this class. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = blue ribbon\c
<hw>cordon sanitaire</hw> \K/%kO:dQ~ sanI"tE:/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMed\i a guarded line between infected and uninfected districts.\p\B2\b any measure designed to prevent communication or the spread of undesirable influences. \BEtymology:\b \3French\c
<hw>cordovan</hw> \K/"kO:d\F'\nv(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILeather\i a kind of soft leather. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish \Icordovan\i 'of C≤rdova' (C≤rdoba, a city in southern Spain) where it was originally made\c
<hw>corduroy</hw> \K/"kO:d\F'\nrOI/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ITextiles\i a thick cotton fabric with velvety ribs.\p\B2\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \IClothing\i corduroy trousers. \BEtymology:\b \318th c.: probably from \J\Xcord\x\j 'ribbed fabric' + obsolete \Iduroy\i 'coarse woollen fabric'\c
<hw>corduroy road</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ITransport\i a road made of tree trunks laid across a swamp.
<hw>cordwainer</hw> \K/"kO:dweIn\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IShoemaking\i \Iarchaic\i a shoemaker (usu. in names of guilds etc.). \BEtymology:\b \3obsolete \Icordwain\i \J\Xcordovan\x\j\c
<hw>cordwood</hw> \K/"kO:dwUd/\k\p\In.\i\p\IForestry\i wood that is or can easily be measured in cords.
<hw>CORE</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IPolit\i (in the US) Congress of Racial Equality.
<hw>core</hw> \K/kO:/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBot\i the horny central part of various fruits, containing the seeds.\p\B2\b \Ba\b the central or most important part of anything \I(also \Battrib.:\b\i \2core curriculum).\c \Bb\b the central part, of different character from the surroundings.\p\B3\b \IGeol\i the central region of the earth.\p\B4\b \IPhysics\i the central part of a nuclear reactor, containing the fissile material.\p\B5\b \IComputing\i a magnetic structural unit in a computer, storing one bit of data (see \J\Xbit\x (4)).\j\p\B6\b \IElectr\i the inner strand of an electric cable, rope, etc.\p\B7\b \IElectr\i a piece of soft iron forming the centre of an electromagnet or an induction coil.\p\B8\b an internal mould filling a space to be left hollow in a casting.\p\B9\b an internal part cut out (esp. of rock etc. in boring).\p\B10\b \IArchaeol.\i a piece of flint from which flakes or blades have been removed. \Iv.tr.\i remove the core from. \Bcorer\b\p\In.\i\p\I(usu. in \Bcomb.).\b\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English: origin unknown\c
<hw>co-religionist</hw> \K/k\F'\nUrI"lIdZ(\F'\n)nIst/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Bcoreligionist)\b \IRelig\i an adherent of the same religion.
<hw>corella</hw> \K/k\F'\n"rEl\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i any of several small Australian cockatoos of the genus \ICacatua\i with pink-tinged white plumage and blue skin around the eye. \BEtymology:\b \3Wiradhuri\c
<hw>core memory</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IComputing\i the memory of a computer consisting of many cores.
<hw>coreopsis</hw> \K/kQrI"QpsIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i any plant of the genus \ICoreopsis\i (daisy family), having rayed usu. yellow flowers. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin, from Greek \Ikoris\i 'bug' + \Iopsis\i 'appearance', with reference to the shape of the seed\c
<hw>co-respondent</hw> \K/k\F'\nUrI"spQnd(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Bcorespondent)\b \ILaw\i a person cited in a divorce case as having committed adultery with the respondent.
<hw>core time</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IIndustry\i (in a flexitime system) the central part of the working day, when all employees must be present.
<hw>corf</hw> \K/kO:f/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bcorves\b \K/kO:vz/\k) \BBrit.\b\p\B1\b \IFishing\i a basket in which fish are kept alive in the water.\p\B2\b \IMining\i a small wagon, formerly a large basket, used in mining. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle Dutch, Middle Low German \Ikorf,\i Old High German \Ichorp,\i \Ikorb,\i from Latin \Icorbis\i 'basket'\c
<hw>corgi</hw> \K/"kO:gi/\k\p\In.\i\p(in full \BWelsh corgi)\b \I(pl.\i \Bcorgis)\b \IZool\i\p\B1\b a dog of a short-legged breed with foxlike head.\p\B2\b this breed. \BEtymology:\b \3Welsh from \Icor\i 'dwarf' + \Ici\i 'dog'\c
<hw>coriaceous</hw> \K/kQrI"eIS\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i like leather; leathery. \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Icoriaceus\i from \Icorium\i 'leather'\c
<hw>coriander</hw> \K/kQrI"and\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b an umbelliferous plant, Coriandrum sativum, with leaves used for flavouring and small round aromatic fruits.\p\B2\b (also \Bcoriander seed)\b \ICookery\i the dried fruit of this plant used for flavouring curries etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icoriandre\i and Latin \Icoriandrum\i from Greek \Ikoriannon\i\c
<hw>Corinthian</hw> \K/k\F'\n"rInTI\F'\nn/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of or relating to ancient Corinth in southern Greece.\p\B2\b \IArchit.\i of an order characterized by ornate decoration and flared capitals with rows of acanthus leaves, used esp. by the Romans.\p\B3\b \ISport\i amateur (in sport).\p\B4\b \Iarchaic\i profligate.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPeople\i a native of Corinth.\p\B2\b \ISport\i a wealthy amateur of sport.\Ksports sense new f. SOED Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \ICorinthius\i from Greek \IKorinthios\i + \J\X-an\x\j\c
<hw>Coriolis effect</hw> \K/kQrI"\F'\nUlIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i an effect whereby a mass moving in a rotating system is accelerated perpendicular to its motion and to the axis of rotation, which helps to explain why wind patterns are clockwise in the northern hemisphere and anticlockwise in the southern. \BEtymology:\b \3named after G. G. \ICoriolis,\i French engineer d. 1843\c
<hw>corium</hw> \K/"kO:rI\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnat.\i the dermis. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = skin\c
<hw>cork</hw> \K/kO:k/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBot\i \Ba\b the buoyant light brown material obtained from beneath the bark of the cork oak. \Bb\b \IBot.\i a protective layer of dead cells immediately below the bark of woody plants.\p\B2\b \IDrink\i a bottle stopper of cork or other material.\p\B3\b \IFishing\i a float of cork used in fishing etc.\p\B4\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i made of cork. \Iv.tr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bup)\b\i\p\B1\b stop or confine.\p\B2\b restrain (feelings etc.).\p\B3\b blacken with burnt cork. \Bcorklike\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Dutch and Low German \Ikork\i from Spanish \Ialcorque\i 'cork sole', perhaps from Arabic\c
<hw>corkage</hw> \K/"kO:kIdZ/\k\p\In.\i\p\IDrink\i a charge made by a restaurant or hotel for serving wine etc. when brought in by customers.
<hw>corked</hw> \K/kO:kt/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b stopped with a cork.\p\B2\b \IDrink\i (of wine) spoilt by a decayed cork.\p\B3\b blackened with burnt cork.
<hw>corker</hw> \K/"kO:k\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Islang\i an excellent or astonishing person or thing.
<hw>corking</hw> \K/"kO:kIN/\k \Iadj.\i \Besp. Brit.\b \Islang\i strikingly large or splendid.
<hw>cork oak</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i an evergreen Mediterranean oak, Quercus suber, yielding cork.
<hw>corkscrew</hw> \K/"kO:kskru:/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IDrink\i a spirally twisted steel device for extracting corks from bottles.\p\B2\b \I(often \Battrib.)\b\i a thing with a spiral shape. \Iv.tr. & intr.\i move spirally; twist.
<hw>cork-tipped</hw> \Iadj.\i \BBrit.\b (of a cigarette) having a filter of corklike material.
<hw>corkwood</hw> \K/"kO:kwUd/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b a shrub or tree yielding a light porous wood, esp. Leitneria floridana of the US and Eritelea arborescens of New Zealand.\p\B2\b this wood.
<hw>corm</hw> \K/kO:m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot.\i \IAnat\i an underground swollen stem base of some plants, e.g. the crocus. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \Icormus\i from Greek \Ikormos\i 'trunk with boughs lopped off'\c
<hw>cormorant</hw> \K/"kO:m(\F'\n)r(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i any diving seabird of the family Phalacrocoracidae, esp. Phalacrocorax carbo, which has lustrous black plumage. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icormaran\i from medieval Latin \Icorvus marinus\i 'sea-raven': for ending \I-ant\i cf. \Ipeasant,\i \Ityrant\i\c
<hw>corn (1)</hw> \K/kO:n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBot\i \Ba\b \Besp. Brit.\b any cereal before or after harvesting, esp. the chief crop of a region, e.g. wheat, oats, etc. \Bb\b \BUS & Austral.\b = \J\Xmaize\x.\j\Ksense 1b split from sense 1a, F. Abate, Nov 94\k \Bc\b a grain or seed of a cereal plant.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i something corny or trite. \Iv.tr.\i (as \Bcorned\b \Iadj.)\i sprinkled or preserved with salt or brine \3(corned beef).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Old English from Germanic: related to Latin \Igranum\i 'grain'\c
<hw>corn (2)</hw> \K/kO:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a small area of horny usu. tender skin esp. on the toes, extending into subcutaneous tissue. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Anglo-French from Latin \Icornu\i 'horn'\c
<hw>cornbrash</hw> \K/"kO:nbraS/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IGeol.\i an earthy limestone layer of the Jurassic period. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xcorn\x (1)\j + \J\Xbrash\x (2)\j\c
<hw>cornbread</hw> \K/"kO:nbrEd/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i bread made of the meal of maize.\Knew f. SOED Sep 93\k
<hw>corn chandler</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i a dealer in corn.
<hw>corn circle</hw>\p\In.\i\p= \J\Xcrop circle\x.\j\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED, corpus Sep 93\k
<hw>corn cob</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i the cylindrical centre of the maize ear to which rows of grains are attached.
<hw>corn-cob pipe</hw>\p\In.\i\pa tobacco pipe made from a corn cob.
<hw>corncockle</hw> \Isee\i \J\Xcockle\x (2) 1.\j
<hw>corncrake</hw> \K/"kO:nkreIk/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a rail, Crex crex, with a rasping call, inhabiting grassland and nesting on the ground.
<hw>corn dolly</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b a symbolic or decorative figure made of plaited straw.
<hw>cornea</hw> \K/"kO:nI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnat\i the transparent layer covering the front of the eye. \Bcorneal\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Icornea tela\i 'horny tissue', from Latin \Icornu\i 'horn'\c
<hw>cornel</hw> \K/"kO:n(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a shrub or tree of the genus \ICornus,\i which includes dogwoods, esp. a dwarf kind, C. suecica. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Icornus\i\c
<hw>cornelian</hw> \K/kO:"ni:lI\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcarnelian\b \K/kA:-/\k) \IMineral\i\p\B1\b a dull red or reddish-white variety of chalcedony.\p\B2\b this colour. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Icorneline;\i \Icar-\i suggested by Latin \Icaro carnis\i 'flesh'\c
<hw>corner</hw> \K/"kO:n\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a place where converging sides or edges meet.\p\B2\b a projecting angle, esp. where two streets meet.\p\B3\b the internal space or recess formed by the meeting of two sides, esp. of a room.\p\B4\b a difficult position, esp. one from which there is no escape \3(driven into a corner).\c\p\B5\b a secluded or remote place.\p\B6\b a region or quarter, esp. a remote one \3(from the four corners of the earth).\c\p\B7\b \ICommerce\i the action or result of buying or controlling the whole available stock of a commodity, thereby dominating the market.\p\B8\b \IBoxing\i & \IWrestling\i \Ba\b an angle of the ring, esp. one where a contestant rests between rounds. \Bb\b a contestant's supporters offering assistance at the corner between rounds.\p\B9\b \IFootball\i & \IHockey\i a free-kick or hit from a corner of the pitch after the ball has been sent over the goal line by a defending player.\p\B10\b \BBrit.\b a triangular cut of gammon or ham.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i force (a person or animal) into a difficult or inescapable position.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \ICommerce\i \Ba\b establish a corner in (a commodity). \Bb\b dominate (dealers or the market) in this way.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i (esp. of or in a vehicle) go round a corner.\p\1just round (or around) the corner\c \Icolloq.\i very near; imminent. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Anglo-French, ultimately from Latin \Icornu\i 'horn'\c
<hw>cornerback</hw> \K/"kO:n\F'\nbak/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISport\i (in American football etc.) a defensive player or position on the wing.\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED, COD box Sep 93\k
<hw>corner shop</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i a small local shop, esp. at a street corner.
<hw>cornerstone</hw> \K/"kO:n\F'\nst\F'\nUn/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IArchit\i \Ba\b a stone in a projecting angle of a wall. \Bb\b a foundation stone.\p\B2\b an indispensable part or basis of something.
<hw>cornet (1)</hw> \K/"kO:nIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMus.\i \Ba\b a brass instrument resembling a trumpet but shorter and wider. \Bb\b a player of this instrument. \Bc\b an organ stop with the quality of a cornet. \Bd\b a cornetto.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b a conical wafer for holding ice cream. \Bcornetist\b \K/kO:"nEtIst/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcornettist).\b \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French, ultimately from Latin \Icornu\i 'horn'\c
<hw>cornet (2)</hw> \K/"kO:nIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IMil\i \Ihist.\i the fifth commissioned officer in a cavalry troop, who carried the colours. \Bcornetcy\b\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies).\b \BEtymology:\b \3earlier in the sense 'pennon, standard': from French \Icornette,\i diminutive of \Icorne,\i ultimately from Latin \Icornua\i 'horns'\c
<hw>cornett</hw> \K/"kO:nIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMus.\i = \J\Xcornetto\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3variant of \J\Xcornet\x (1)\j\c
<hw>cornetto</hw> \K/kO:"nEt\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bcornetti\b \K/-ti/\k) \IMus.\i an old woodwind instrument with finger-holes and a cup-shaped mouthpiece. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian, diminutive of \Icorno\i 'horn' (as \J\Xcornet\x (1))\j\c
<hw>corn exchange</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ICommerce\i a place for trade in corn.
<hw>corn-factor</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ICommerce\i a dealer in corn.
<hw>cornfield</hw> \K/"kO:nfi:ld/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAgriculture\i a field in which corn is being grown.
<hw>cornflake</hw> \K/"kO:nfleIk/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFood\i\p\B1\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i a breakfast cereal of toasted flakes made from maize flour.\p\B2\b a flake of this cereal.
<hw>cornflour</hw> \K/"kO:nflaU\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IFood\i\p\B1\b a fine-ground maize flour; \Ialso called\i \Icornstarch.\i\p\B2\b a flour of rice or other grain.
<hw>cornflower</hw> \K/"kO:nflaU\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i any plant of the genus \ICentaurea\i (composite family), often growing among corn, esp. C. cyanus, with deep blue flowers.
<hw>cornice</hw> \K/"kO:nIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IArchit.\i \Ba\b an ornamental moulding round the wall of a room just below the ceiling. \Bb\b a horizontal moulded projection crowning a building or structure, esp. the uppermost member of the entablature of an order, surmounting the frieze.\p\B2\b \IMountaineering\i an overhanging mass of hardened snow at the edge of a precipice. \Bcorniced\b \Iadj.\i \Bcornicing\b\p\In.\i\p\K-cing new f. SOED Jan 95\k \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icorniche\i etc. from Italian \Icornice,\i perhaps from Latin \Icornix -icis\i 'crow': cf. \J\Xcorbel\x\j\c
<hw>corniche</hw> \K/"kO:nIS/, /kO:"ni:S/\k\p\In.\i\p(in full \Bcorniche road)\b\p\B1\b a road cut into the edge of a cliff etc.\p\B2\b a coastal road with wide views. \BEtymology:\b \3French: see \J\Xcornice\x\j\c
<hw>Cornish</hw> \K/"kO:nIS/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i of or relating to Cornwall in SW England, or its Brythonic language.\p\In.\i\p\ILanguage\i the ancient Celtic language of Cornwall. \BCornishman\b\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-men).\b\K-man new f. corpus Sep 93\k
<hw>corn on the cob</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IFood\i maize cooked and eaten from the corn cob.
<hw>cornrows</hw> \K/"kO:nr\F'\nUz/\k \In.pl.\i \IHairdressing\i a style of braiding the hair, esp. among blacks, in which the hair is parted into rows and plaited tightly in geometric ribbing.\Knew f. OED Sep 93\k
<hw>cornstone</hw> \K/"kO:nst\F'\nUn/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IGeol.\i a mottled red and green limestone usu. formed under arid conditions, esp. in the Devonian period.
<hw>cornucopia</hw> \K/kO:njU"k\F'\nUpI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a symbol of plenty consisting of a goat's horn overflowing with flowers, fruit, and corn. \Bb\b an ornamental vessel shaped like this.\p\B2\b an abundant supply. \Bcornucopian\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin from Latin \Icornu copiae\i 'horn of plenty'\c
<hw>corn whiskey</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BUS\b \IDrink\i whisky distilled from maize.
<hw>corny</hw> \K/"kO:ni/\k \Iadj.\i \B(cornier,\b \Bcorniest)\b\p\B1\b \Icolloq.\i \Ba\b trite. \Bb\b feebly humorous. \Bc\b sentimental. \Bd\b old-fashioned; out of date.\p\B2\b of or abounding in corn. \Bcornily\b \Iadv.\i \Bcorniness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xcorn\x (1)\j + \J\X-y\x (1):\j sense 1 from the sense 'rustic'\c
<hw>corolla</hw> \K/k\F'\n"rQl\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot.\i \IAnat\i a whorl or whorls of petals forming the inner envelope of a flower. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, diminutive of \Icorona\i 'crown'\c
<hw>corollary</hw> \K/k\F'\n"rQl\F'\nri/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \ILogic\i \Ba\b a proposition that follows from (and is often appended to) one already proved. \Bb\b an immediate deduction.\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Bof)\b\i a natural consequence or result. \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b supplementary, associated.\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i forming a corollary. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Icorollarium\i 'money paid for a garland, gratuity', neut. adj. from \J\Xcorolla\x\j used as a noun\c
<hw>corona (1)</hw> \K/k\F'\n"r\F'\nUn\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bcoronae\b \K/-ni:/\k)\p\B1\b \IAstron\i \Ba\b a small circle of light round the sun or moon. \Bb\b the rarefied gaseous envelope of the sun, seen as an irregularly shaped area of light around the moon's disc during a total solar eclipse.\p\B2\b a circular chandelier hung from a roof.\p\B3\b \IAnat.\i a crown or crownlike structure.\p\B4\b \IBot.\i \IAnat\i a crownlike outgrowth from the inner side of a corolla.\p\B5\b \IArchit.\i a broad vertical face of a cornice, usu. of considerable projection.\p\B6\b \IElectr.\i the glow around a conductor at high potential. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = crown\c
<hw>corona (2)</hw> \K/k\F'\n"r\F'\nUn\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pa long cigar with straight sides. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish \ILa Corona\i 'the crown', originally a proprietary name\c
<hw>coronach</hw> \K/"kQr\F'\nn\F'\nk/, /-x/\k\p\In.\i\p\BSc.\b & \BIr.\b \IMus\i a funeral song or dirge. \BEtymology:\b \3Irish \Icoranach,\i Gaelic \Icorranach,\i from \Icomh-\i 'together' + \Irαnach\i 'outcry'\c
<hw>coronagraph</hw> \K/k\F'\n"r\F'\nUn\F'\ngrA:f/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAstron\i an instrument for observing the sun's corona, esp. other than during a solar eclipse.
<hw>coronal (1)</hw> \K/k\F'\n"r\F'\nUn(\F'\n)l/, /"kQr(\F'\n)n(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IAstron.\i & \IBot.\i \IAnat\i of a corona.\p\B2\b \IAnat.\i of the crown of the head. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icoronal\i or Latin \Icoronalis\i (as \J\Xcorona\x (1))\j\c
<hw>coronal (2)</hw> \K/"kQr(\F'\n)n(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IJewellery\i a circlet (esp. of gold or gems) for the head.\p\B2\b a wreath or garland. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, apparently from Anglo-French from \Icorone\i \J\Xcrown\x\j\c
<hw>coronal bone</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAnat\i the frontal bone of the skull.
<hw>coronal plane</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAnat\i an imaginary plane dividing the body into dorsal and ventral parts.
<hw>coronal suture</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAnat\i a transverse suture of the skull separating the frontal bone from the parietal bones.
<hw>coronary</hw> \K/"kQr(\F'\n)n(\F'\n)ri/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i \IAnat.\i resembling or encircling like a crown, esp. denoting or involving the arteries which supply blood to the heart.\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b = \J\Xcoronary thrombosis\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icoronarius\i from \Icorona\i 'crown'\c
<hw>coronary thrombosis</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMed.\i a blockage of the blood flow caused by a blood clot in a coronary artery.
<hw>coronation</hw> \K/kQr\F'\n"neIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\pthe ceremony of crowning a sovereign or a sovereign's consort. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from medieval Latin \Icoronatio -onis,\i from \Icoronare\i 'to crown' from \J\Xcorona\x (1)\j\c
<hw>coroner</hw> \K/"kQr(\F'\n)n\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an officer of a county, district, or municipality, holding inquests on deaths thought to be violent or accidental, and \BBrit.\b inquiries in cases of treasure trove.\p\B2\b \Ihist.\i an officer charged with maintaining the rights of the private property of the Crown. \Bcoronership\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Anglo-French \Icor(o)uner,\i from \Icoro(u)ne\i \J\Xcrown\x\j\c
<hw>coronet</hw> \K/"kQr(\F'\n)nIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IJewellery Heraldry\i a small crown (esp. as worn, or used as a heraldic device, by a peer or peeress).\p\B2\b a circlet of precious materials, esp. as a woman's headdress or part of one.\p\B3\b a garland for the head.\p\B4\b \IAnat Zool\i the lowest part of a horse's pastern.\p\B5\b \IAnat Zool\i a ring of bone at the base of a deer's antler. \Bcoroneted\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old French \Icoronet(t)e,\i diminutive of \Icorone\i \J\Xcrown\x\j\c
<hw>corozo</hw> \K/k\F'\n"r\F'\nUz\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b \IBot.\i any of various palm trees native to S. America. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish, variant of dialect \Icarozo\i 'fruit-stone, core'\c
<hw>Corp.</hw> \Iabbr.\i\p\B1\b \IMil\i Corporal.\p\B2\b \BUS\b \ICommerce Law Polit\i Corporation.
<hw>corpora</hw> \I\Ipl.\i of\i \J\Xcorpus\x.\j
<hw>corporal (1)</hw> \K/"kO:p(\F'\n)r(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMil\i a non-commissioned army or air force officer ranking next below sergeant.\p\B2\b (in full \Bship's corporal)\b \BBrit.\b \INaut\i an officer under the master-at-arms, attending to police matters.\p\B3\b \BUS\b \IZool\i = \J\Xfallfish\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3obsolete French, variant of \Icaporal,\i from Italian \Icaporale,\i probably from Latin \Icorporalis\i (as \J\Xcorporal\x (2)),\j confused with Italian \Icapo\i 'head'\c
<hw>corporal (2)</hw> \K/"kO:p(\F'\n)r(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i of or relating to the human body \I(cf.\i \J\Xcorporeal\x 1).\j \Bcorporally\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Icorporalis,\i from \Icorpus -oris\i 'body'\c
<hw>corporal (3)</hw> \K/"kO:p(\F'\n)r(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\IEccl\i a cloth on which the vessels containing the consecrated elements are placed during the celebration of the Eucharist. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English from Old French \Icorporal\i or medieval Latin \Icorporale pallium\i 'body cloth' (as \J\Xcorporal\x (2))\j\c
<hw>corporality</hw> \K/kO:p\F'\n"ralIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b material existence.\p\B2\b a body. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Late Latin \Icorporalitas\i (as \J\Xcorporal\x (2))\j\c
<hw>corporal punishment</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IEducation Criminol\i punishment inflicted on the body, esp. by beating.
<hw>corporate</hw> \K/"kO:p(\F'\n)r\F'\nt/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \ICommerce\i forming a corporation \3(corporate body;\c \2body corporate).\c\p\B2\b forming one body of many individuals.\p\B3\b of or belonging to a corporation or group \3(corporate responsibility).\c\p\B4\b corporative.\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i a large industrial corporation.\Kdef.needs checking with news; noun new f. corpus Sep 93\k \Bcorporately\b \Iadv.\i \Bcorporatism\b\p\In.\i\p\Bcorporatist\b \Iadj.\i\K-ist new f. corpus Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icorporare corporat-\i 'form into a body' from \Icorpus -oris\i 'body'\c
<hw>corporate raider</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Besp. US\b \IStock Exch.\i a person who mounts an unwelcome takeover bid by buying up a company's shares on the stock market, esp. one who makes a practice of doing so.\Knew in COD9 f. News, OMED Sep 93\k
<hw>corporation</hw> \K/kO:p\F'\n"reIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ICommerce Law\i a group of people authorized to act as an individual and recognized in law as a single entity, esp. in business.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b \IPolit\i the municipal authorities of a borough, town, or city.\p\B3\b \Ijoc.\i \IAnat\i a protruding stomach. \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Icorporatio\i (as \J\Xcorporate\x)\j\c
<hw>corporative</hw> \K/"kO:p(\F'\n)r\F'\ntIv/\k \Iadj.\i \ICommerce Law\i\p\B1\b of a corporation.\p\B2\b governed by or organized in corporations, esp. of employers and employed. \Bcorporativism\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>corporeal</hw> \K/kO:"pO:rI\F'\nl/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b bodily, physical, material, esp. as distinct from spiritual \I(cf.\i \J\Xcorporal\x (2)).\j\p\B2\b \ILaw\i consisting of material objects. \Bcorporeality\b \K/-"alIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bcorporeally\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Icorporealis\i from Latin \Icorporeus,\i from \Icorpus -oris\i 'body'\c
<hw>corporeity</hw> \K/kO:p\F'\n"ri:Iti/, /-"reIIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the quality of being or having a material body.\p\B2\b bodily substance. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IcorporΘitΘ\i or medieval Latin \Icorporeitas,\i from Latin \Icorporeus\i (as \J\Xcorporeal\x)\j\c
<hw>corposant</hw> \K/"kO:p\F'\nzant/\k\p\In.\i\p\IElectr\i a luminous electrical discharge sometimes seen on a ship or aircraft during a storm \I(see\i \J\XSt Elmo's fire\x).\j \BEtymology:\b \3Old Spanish, Portuguese, Italian \Icorpo santo\i 'holy body'\c
<hw>corps</hw> \K/kO:/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bcorps\b \K/kO:z/\k)\p\B1\b \IMil.\i \Ba\b a body of troops with special duties \3(intelligence corps;\c \2Royal Army Medical Corps).\c \Bb\b a main subdivision of an army in the field, consisting of two or more divisions.\p\B2\b a body of people engaged in a special activity \3(diplomatic corps;\c \2press corps).\c \BEtymology:\b \3French (as \J\Xcorpse\x)\j\c
<hw>corps de ballet</hw> \K/%kO: d\F'\n "baleI/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBallet Dancing\i the company of ensemble dancers in a ballet. \BEtymology:\b \3French\c
\B\Icorps diplomatique\b\i \K/kO: dIpl\F'\nma"ti:k/, French /kOr diplOmatik/\k\p\In.\i\p\IDiplomacy\i a diplomatic corps. \BEtymology:\b \3French\c
<hw>corpse</hw> \K/kO:ps/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\pa dead (usu. human) body.\p\Iv.\i\p\ITheatr.\i \Islang\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i spoil a piece of acting by forgetting one's lines, laughing, etc.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b confuse (an actor) in the performance of his or her part. \Bb\b spoil (a piece of acting) by some blunder.\Kverb new in COD9 f. NSOED Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English \Icorps,\i variant spelling of \Icors\i \J(\Xcorse\x),\j via Old French \Icors\i from Latin \Icorpus\i 'body'\c
<hw>corpse-candle</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a lambent flame seen in a churchyard or over a grave, regarded as an omen of death.\p\B2\b a lighted candle placed beside a corpse before burial.
<hw>corpulent</hw> \K/"kO:pjUl(\F'\n)nt/\k \Iadj.\i bulky in body; fat. \Bcorpulence\b\p\In.\i\p\Bcorpulency\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Icorpulentus,\i from \Icorpus\i 'body'\c
<hw>corpus</hw> \K/"kO:p\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bcorpora\b \K/"kO:p\F'\nr\F'\n/\k or \Bcorpuses)\b\p\B1\b a body or collection of writings, texts, spoken material, etc.\p\B2\b \IAnat.\i a distinctive structure of some kind in a human or animal body. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin, = body\c
<hw>corpus callosum</hw> \K/%kO:p\F'\ns k\F'\n"l\F'\nUs\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnat.\i a broad band of nerve fibres joining the two hemispheres of the brain. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from \J\Xcorpus\x\j + \Icallosus,\i \I-um\i 'tough'\c
<hw>Corpus Christi</hw> \K/%kO:p\F'\ns "krIsti/\k\p\In.\i\p\IEccl\i a feast commemorating the Eucharist, observed on the Thursday after Trinity Sunday. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin, = Body of Christ\c
<hw>corpuscle</hw> \K/"kO:pVs(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBiol\i a minute body or cell in an organism, esp. \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i the red or white cells in the blood of vertebrates.\p\B2\b \Ihist.\i a minute particle regarded as the basic constituent of matter, light, etc.\Ksense 2 new f. OERD May 94\k \Bcorpuscular\b \K/kO:"pVskjUl\F'\n/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icorpusculum\i (as \J\Xcorpus\x)\j\c
\B\Icorpus delicti\b\i \K/%kO:p\F'\ns dI"lIktVI/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i the facts and circumstances constituting a breach of a law. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = body of offence\c
<hw>corpus luteum</hw> \K/%kO:p\F'\ns "lu:tI\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnat.\i a hormone-secreting structure developed in the ovary after discharge of the ovum, degenerating after a few days unless pregnancy has begun. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin, from \J\Xcorpus\x\j + \Iluteus,\i \I-um\i 'yellow'\c
<hw>corral</hw> \K/k\F'\n"rA:l/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \BN. Amer.\b a pen for cattle, horses, etc.\p\B2\b an enclosure for capturing wild animals.\p\B3\b \Besp. US\b \Ihist.\i a defensive enclosure of wagons in an encampment. \Iv.tr.\i \B(corralled,\b \Bcorralling)\b\p\B1\b put or keep in a corral.\p\B2\b form (wagons) into a corral.\p\B3\b \BN. Amer.\b \Icolloq.\i gather in; acquire. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish & Old Portuguese (as \J\Xkraal\x)\j\c
<hw>corrasion</hw> \K/k\F'\n"reIZ(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeol.\i erosion of the earth's surface by rock material being carried over it by water, ice, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icorradere corras-\i 'scrape together' (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Iradere\i 'scrape')\c
<hw>correct</hw> \K/k\F'\n"rEkt/\k \Iadj. & v.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b true, right, accurate.\p\B2\b (of conduct, manners, etc.) proper, right.\p\B3\b in accordance with good standards of taste etc. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b set right; amend (an error, omission, etc., or the person responsible for it).\p\B2\b mark the errors in (written or printed work etc.).\p\B3\b substitute the right thing for (the wrong one).\p\B4\b \Ba\b admonish or rebuke (a person). \Bb\b punish (a person or fault).\p\B5\b counteract (a harmful quality).\p\B6\b adjust (an instrument etc.) to function accurately or accord with a standard. \Bcorrectable\b \Iadj.\i\K-able new in COD9 f. NSOED Sep 93\k \Bcorrectly\b \Iadv.\i \Bcorrectness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English (the adj. via French) from Latin \Icorrigere correct-\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Iregere\i 'guide')\c
<hw>correction</hw> \K/k\F'\n"rEkS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the act or process of correcting. \Bb\b an instance of this.\p\B2\b a thing substituted for what is wrong.\p\B3\b \Iarchaic\i punishment \3(house of correction).\c \Bcorrectional\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Icorrectio -onis\i (as \J\Xcorrect\x)\j\c
<hw>correction fluid</hw>\p\In.\i\pa usu. white liquid that is painted over a typed or written error leaving a blank space for typing or writing afresh.\Knew f. SOED Sep 93\k
<hw>correctitude</hw> \K/k\F'\n"rEktItju:d/\k\p\In.\i\pcorrectness, esp. conscious correctness of conduct. \BEtymology:\b \319th c., from \J\Xcorrect\x\j + \J\Xrectitude\x\j\c
<hw>corrective</hw> \K/k\F'\n"rEktIv/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i serving or tending to correct or counteract something undesired or harmful.\p\In.\i\pa corrective measure or thing. \Bcorrectively\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icorrectif -ive\i or Late Latin \Icorrectivus\i (as \J\Xcorrect\x)\j\c
<hw>corrector</hw> \K/k\F'\n"rEkt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pa person who corrects or points out faults. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Anglo-French \Icorrectour\i from Latin \Icorrector\i (as \J\Xcorrect\x)\j\c
<hw>correlate</hw> \K/"kQr\F'\nleIt/, /-rIl-/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bwith,\b \Bto)\b\i \ILogic\i have a mutual relation.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bwith)\b\i bring into a mutual relation.\p\In.\i\p\ILogic\i each of two related or complementary things (esp. so related that one implies the other). \BEtymology:\b \3back-formation from \J\Xcorrelation\x,\j \J\Xcorrelative\x\j\c
<hw>correlation</hw> \K/kQr\F'\n"leIS(\F'\n)n/, /-rI-/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcorelation\b \K/k\F'\nUrI-/\k) \ILogic Math\i\p\B1\b a mutual relation between two or more things.\p\B2\b \Ba\b interdependence of variable quantities. \Bb\b a quantity measuring the extent of this.\p\B3\b the act of correlating. \Bcorrelational\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Icorrelatio\i (as \J\Xcorrelative\x)\j\c
<hw>correlative</hw> \K/k\F'\n"rEl\F'\ntIv/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bwith,\b \Bto)\b\i \ILogic\i having a mutual relation.\p\B2\b \IGram.\i (of words) corresponding to each other and regularly used together (as \Ineither\i and \Inor).\i\p\In.\i\pa correlative word or thing. \Bcorrelatively\b \Iadv.\i \Bcorrelativity\b \K/-"tIvIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Icorrelativus\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \J\Xrelative\x)\j\c
<hw>correspond</hw> \K/kQrI"spQnd/\k \Iv.intr.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bto)\b\i be analogous or similar. \Bb\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bto)\b\i agree in amount, position, etc. \Bc\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bwith,\b \Bto)\b\i be in harmony or agreement.\p\B2\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bwith)\b\i communicate by interchange of letters. \Bcorrespondingly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icorrespondre\i from medieval Latin \Icorrespondere\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \J\Xrespond\x)\j\c
<hw>correspondence</hw> \K/kQrI"spQnd(\F'\n)ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bwith,\b \Bto,\b \Bbetween)\b\i agreement, similarity, or harmony.\p\B2\b \Ba\b communication by letters. \Bb\b letters sent or received. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from medieval Latin \Icorrespondentia\i (as \J\Xcorrespond\x)\j\c
<hw>correspondence college</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcorrespondence school)\b \IEducation\i a college conducting correspondence courses.
<hw>correspondence column</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IJournalism\i the part of a newspaper etc. that contains letters from readers.
<hw>correspondence course</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IEducation\i a course of study conducted by post.
<hw>correspondent</hw> \K/kQrI"spQnd(\F'\n)nt/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person who writes letters to a person or a newspaper, esp. regularly.\p\B2\b \IBroadcasting\i a person employed to contribute material for publication in a periodical or for broadcasting \3(our chess correspondent;\c \2the BBC's Moscow correspondent).\c\p\B3\b \ICommerce\i a person or firm having regular business relations with another, esp. in another country. \Iadj.\i \I(often foll. by \Bto,\b \Bwith)\b\i \Iarchaic\i corresponding.\Kcorrespondently omitted Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Icorrespondant\i or medieval Latin (as \J\Xcorrespond\x)\j\c
<hw>corresponding member</hw>\p\In.\i\pan honorary member of a learned society etc. with no voice in the society's affairs.
<hw>corrida</hw> \K/kO:"ri:d\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISport Bullfighting\i\p\B1\b a bullfight.\p\B2\b bullfighting. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish \Icorrida de toros\i 'running of bulls'\c
<hw>corridor</hw> \K/"kQrIdO:/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IArchit Building\i a passage from which doors lead into rooms (originally an outside passage connecting parts of a building, now usu. a main passage in a large building).\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b \IRailways\i a passage in a railway carriage from which doors lead into compartments.\p\B3\b \IPolit Geog\i a strip of the territory of one state passing through that of another, esp. securing access to the sea.\p\B4\b \IAeron\i a route to which aircraft are restricted, esp. over a foreign country.\p\B5\b a major route on which traffic is concentrated \3(the M4 corridor).\c\Ksense 5 new f. SOED, JMP Nov 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3French from Italian \Icorridore\i 'corridor' (for \Icorridojo\i 'running-place') from \Icorrere\i 'run', by confusion with \Icorridore\i 'runner'\c
<hw>corridors of power</hw> \In.pl.\i \IPolit\i places where covert influence is said to be exerted in government.
<hw>corrie</hw> \K/"kQri/\k\p\In.\i\p\Besp. Sc.\b \IGeol Geog\i a circular hollow on a mountainside; a cirque. \BEtymology:\b \3Gaelic \Icoire\i 'cauldron'\c
<hw>corrigendum</hw> \K/kQrI"dZEnd\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bcorrigenda\b \K/-d\F'\n/\k) \IPrinting\i a thing to be corrected, esp. an error in a printed book. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, neut. gerundive of \Icorrigere:\i see \J\Xcorrect\x\j\c
<hw>corrigible</hw> \K/"kQrIdZIb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b capable of being corrected.\p\B2\b (of a person) submissive; open to correction. \Bcorrigibly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via French from medieval Latin \Icorrigibilis\i (as \J\Xcorrect\x)\j\c
<hw>corroborate</hw> \K/k\F'\n"rQb\F'\nreIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i confirm or give support to (a statement or belief, or the person holding it), esp. in relation to witnesses in a law court. \Bcorroboration\b \K/-"reIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bcorroborative\b \K/-r\F'\ntIv/\k \Iadj.\i \Bcorroborator\b\p\In.\i\p\Bcorroboratory\b \K/-r\F'\nt(\F'\n)ri/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icorroborare\i 'strengthen' (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Iroborare\i from \Irobur -oris\i 'strength')\c
<hw>corroboree</hw> \K/k\F'\n"rQb\F'\nri/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IAnthropol Theatr\i a festive or warlike dance-drama with song of Australian Aboriginals.\p\B2\b a noisy party. \BEtymology:\b \3Dharuk \Igarabari,\i a style of dancing\c
<hw>corrode</hw> \K/k\F'\n"r\F'\nUd/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \Itr.\i \IChem\i wear away, esp. by chemical action. \Bb\b \Iintr.\i \IChem\i be worn away; decay.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i destroy gradually \3(optimism corroded by recent misfortunes).\c \Bcorrodible\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Icorrodere corros-\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Irodere\i 'gnaw')\c
<hw>corrosion</hw> \K/k\F'\n"r\F'\nUZ(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i\p\B1\b the process of corroding, esp. of a rusting metal.\p\B2\b \Ba\b damage caused by corroding. \Bb\b a corroded area.
<hw>corrosive</hw> \K/k\F'\n"r\F'\nUsIv/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IChem\i \Iadj.\i tending to corrode or consume.\p\In.\i\pa corrosive substance. \Bcorrosively\b \Iadv.\i \Bcorrosiveness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Icorosif -ive\i (as \J\Xcorrode\x)\j\c
<hw>corrosive sublimate</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IChem Pharm\i mercuric chloride, a poisonous acid substance, used as a fungicide, antiseptic, etc.
<hw>corrugate</hw> \K/"kQrUgeIt/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i (esp. as \Bcorrugated\b \Iadj.)\i form into alternate ridges and grooves, esp. to strengthen \3(corrugated iron;\c \2corrugated paper).\c\p\B2\b \Itr. & intr.\i contract into wrinkles or folds. \Bcorrugation\b \K/-"geIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icorrugare\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Irugare\i from \Iruga\i 'wrinkle')\c
<hw>corrugator</hw> \K/"kQrUgeIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnat.\i either of two muscles that contract the brow in frowning. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin (as \J\Xcorrugate\x)\j\c
<hw>corrupt</hw> \K/k\F'\n"rVpt/\k \Iadj. & v.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b morally depraved; wicked.\p\B2\b \ILaw\i influenced by or using bribery or fraudulent activity.\p\B3\b \IPhilol\i (of a text, language, etc.) harmed (esp. made suspect or unreliable) by errors or alterations.\p\B4\b rotten.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr. & intr.\i make or become corrupt or depraved.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i affect or harm by errors or alterations.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i infect, taint. \Bcorrupter\b\p\In.\i\p\Bcorruptible\b \Iadj.\i \Bcorruptibility\b \K/-"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bcorruptive\b \Iadj.\i \Bcorruptly\b \Iadv.\i\Kcorruptness omitted Oct 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Icorrupt\i or Latin \Icorruptus,\i past part. of \Icorrumpere corrupt-\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Irumpere\i 'break')\c
<hw>corruption</hw> \K/k\F'\n"rVpS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b moral deterioration, esp. widespread.\p\B2\b \ILaw\i use of corrupt practices, esp. bribery or fraud.\p\B3\b \IPhilol\i \Ba\b irregular alteration (of a text, language, etc.) from its original state. \Bb\b an irregularly altered form of a word.\p\B4\b decomposition, esp. of a corpse or other organic matter. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Icorruption\i or Latin \Icorruptio\i (as \J\Xcorrupt\x)\j\c
<hw>corrupt practices</hw> \In.pl.\i \ILaw Polit\i fraudulent activity, esp. at elections.
<hw>corsac</hw> \K/"kO:sak/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcorsak)\b \IZool\i a fox, Vulpes corsac, of central Asia. \BEtymology:\b \3Turkic\c
<hw>corsage</hw> \K/kO:"sA:Z/, /"kO:sA:Z/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a small bouquet worn by a woman.\p\B2\b \IClothing\i the bodice of a woman's dress. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French, from \Icors\i 'body': see \J\Xcorpse\x\j\c
<hw>corsair</hw> \K/"kO:sE:/\k\p\In.\i\p\INaut\i\p\B1\b a pirate ship.\p\B2\b a pirate.\p\B3\b \Ihist.\i a privateer, esp. of the Barbary Coast. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icorsaire\i from medieval Latin \Icursarius,\i via \Icursus\i 'inroad' from \Icurrere\i 'run'\c
<hw>corselette</hw> \K/kO:s(\F'\n)"lEt/, /"kO:s(\F'\n)lEt/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcorselet)\b \IClothing\i a woman's foundation garment combining corset and brassiere.
<hw>corset</hw> \K/"kO:sIt/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IClothing\i a close-fitting undergarment worn by women to support the abdomen.\p\B2\b a similar garment worn by men and women because of injury, weakness, or deformity. \Iv.tr.\i \B(corseted,\b \Bcorseting)\b\p\B1\b provide with a corset.\p\B2\b control closely. \Bcorseted\b \Iadj.\i \Bcorsetry\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French, diminutive of \Icors\i 'body': see \J\Xcorpse\x\j\c
<hw>corsetiΦre</hw> \K/"kO:sItjE:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IClothing\i a woman who makes or fits corsets. \BEtymology:\b \3French, fem. of \Icorsetier\i (as \J\Xcorset\x,\j \J\X-ier\x)\j\c
<hw>Corsican</hw> \K/"kO:sIk(\F'\n)n/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i of or relating to Corsica, an island in the Mediterranean under French rule.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPeople\i a native of Corsica.\p\B2\b \ILinguistics\i the Italian dialect of Corsica.
<hw>corslet</hw> \K/"kO:slIt/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcorselet)\b\p\B1\b \IClothing\i a garment (usu. tight-fitting) covering the trunk but not the limbs.\p\B2\b \IMil\i \Ihist.\i a piece of armour covering the trunk. \BEtymology:\b \3Old French \Icorselet,\i diminutive of \Icors\i 'body': see \J\Xcorpse\x\j\c
<hw>cortΦge</hw> \K/kO:"teIZ/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a procession, esp. for a funeral.\p\B2\b a train of attendants. \BEtymology:\b \3French from Italian \Icorteggio,\i from \Icorteggiare\i 'attend court'\c
<hw>Cortes</hw> \K/"kO:tEs/, /-z/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i the legislative assembly of Spain and formerly of Portugal. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish & Portuguese, pl. of \Icorte\i \J\Xcourt\x\j\c
<hw>cortex</hw> \K/"kO:tEks/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bcortices\b \K/-tI%si:z/\k)\p\B1\b \IAnat.\i the outer part of an organ, esp. of the brain \B(cerebral cortex)\b or kidneys \B(renal cortex).\b\p\B2\b \IBot.\i \Ba\b an outer layer of tissue immediately below the epidermis. \Bb\b bark. \Bcortical\b \K/"kO:tIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icortex,\i \I-icis\i 'bark'\c
<hw>corticate</hw> \K/"kO:tIkeIt/\k \Iadj.\i (also \Bcorticated)\b\p\B1\b having bark or rind.\p\B2\b barklike. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icorticatus\i (as \J\Xcortex\x)\j\c
<hw>corticosteroid</hw> \K/%kO:tIk\F'\nU"stI\F'\nrOId/, /-"stErOId/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiochem\i\p\B1\b any of a group of steroid hormones produced in the adrenal cortex and concerned with regulation of salts and carbohydrates, inflammation, and sexual physiology.\p\B2\b an analogous synthetic steroid.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k
<hw>cortisol</hw> \K/"kO:tIsQl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPharm\i = \J\Xhydrocortisone\x.\j\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k
<hw>cortisone</hw> \K/"kO:tIz\F'\nUn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiochem.\i a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex or synthetically, used medicinally esp. against inflammation and allergy. \BEtymology:\b \3chemical name 17-hydroxy-11-dehydro\Icorti\ico\Is\iter\Ione\i\c
<hw>corundum</hw> \K/k\F'\n"rVnd\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMineral.\i extremely hard crystallized alumina, used esp. as an abrasive, and varieties of which, e.g. ruby and sapphire, are used for gemstones. \BEtymology:\b \3Tamil \Ikurundam\i from Sanskrit \Ikuruvinda\i 'ruby'\c
<hw>coruscate</hw> \K/"kQr\F'\nskeIt/\k \Iv.intr.\i\p\B1\b give off flashing light; sparkle.\p\B2\b be showy or brilliant. \Bcoruscation\b \K/-"skeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icoruscare\i 'glitter'\c
<hw>corvΘe</hw> \K/"kO:veI/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ihist.\i a day's work of unpaid labour due to a lord from a vassal.\p\B2\b labour exacted in lieu of paying taxes.\p\B3\b an onerous task. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French, ultimately from Latin \Icorrogare\i 'ask for, collect' (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Irogare\i 'ask')\c
<hw>corves</hw> \I\Ipl.\i of\i \J\Xcorf\x.\j
<hw>corvette</hw> \K/kO:"vEt/\k\p\In.\i\p\INaut.\i\p\B1\b a small naval escort vessel.\p\B2\b \Ihist.\i a flush-decked warship with one tier of guns. \BEtymology:\b \3French from Middle Dutch \Ikorf\i 'kind of ship' + diminutive \J\X-ette\x\j\c
<hw>corvid</hw> \K/"kO:vId/\k \In. & adj.\i \IZool.\i\p\In.\i\pa bird of the crow family, Corvidae. \Iadj.\i of or relating to this family.\Knew f. SOED May 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \Icorvidae\i from Latin \Icorvus\i 'raven'\c
<hw>corvine</hw> \K/"kO:vVIn/\k \Iadj.\i \IZool\i of or like a raven or crow. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icorvinus\i from \Icorvus\i 'raven'\c
<hw>corybantic</hw> \K/kQrI"bantIk/\k \Iadj.\i wild, frenzied. \BEtymology:\b \3\ICorybantes,\i the priests of Cybele who performed wild dances (Latin from Greek \IKorubantes)\i\c
<hw>corymb</hw> \K/"kQrImb/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot.\i \IAnat\i a flat-topped cluster of flowers with the flower stalks proportionally longer lower down the stem. \Bcorymbose\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icorymbe\i or Latin \Icorymbus\i from Greek \Ikorumbos\i 'cluster'\c
<hw>coryphΘe</hw> \K/"kQrIfeI/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBallet Dancing\i a leading dancer in a \Icorps de ballet.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French from Greek \Ikoruphaios\i 'leader of a chorus', from \Ikoruphe\i 'head'\c
<hw>coryza</hw> \K/k\F'\n"rVIz\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a catarrhal inflammation of the mucous membrane in the nose, caused e.g. by a cold or hay fever; a cold in the head. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin from Greek \Ikoruza\i 'running at the nose'\c
<hw>cos (1)</hw> \K/kQs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot Food\i a variety of lettuce with crisp narrow leaves forming a long upright head. \BEtymology:\b \3\IKos\i (formerly \ICos),\i the name of an island in the Aegean, where it originated\c
<hw>Cosa Nostra</hw> \K/"k\F'\nUz\F'\n "nQstr\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i a US criminal organization resembling and related to the Mafia. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian, = our affair\c
<hw>cosecant</hw> \K/k\F'\nU"si:k(\F'\n)nt/, /-"sEk-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMath.\i the ratio of the hypotenuse (in a right-angled triangle) to the side opposite an acute angle; the reciprocal of sine. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \Icosecans\i and French \IcosΘcant\i (as \J\Xco-\x,\j \J\Xsecant\x)\j\c
<hw>coseismal</hw> \K/k\F'\nU"sVIzm(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IGeol\i \Iadj.\i of or relating to points of simultaneous arrival of an earthquake wave.\p\In.\i\pa straight line or a curve connecting these points. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xco-\x\j + \J\Xseismal\x\j (see \J\Xseismic\x)\j\c
<hw>coset</hw> \K/"k\F'\nUsEt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMath.\i a set composed of all the products obtained by multiplying on the right or on the left each element of a subgroup in turn by one particular element of the group containing the subgroup. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xco-\x\j + \J\Xset\x (2)\j\c
<hw>cosh (1)</hw> \K/kQS/\k \In. & v.\i \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i\p\In.\i\pa heavy blunt weapon. \Iv.tr.\i hit with a cosh. \BEtymology:\b \319th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>co-signatory</hw> \K/k\F'\nU"sIgn\F'\nt(\F'\n)ri/\k \In. & adj.\i \B(US\b \Bcosignatory)\b\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IPolit\i a person or state signing a treaty etc. jointly with others. \Iadj.\i signing jointly.
<hw>cosine</hw> \K/"k\F'\nUsVIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMath.\i the ratio of the side adjacent to an acute angle (in a right-angled triangle) to the hypotenuse. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \Icosinus\i (as \J\Xco-\x,\j \J\Xsine\x)\j\c
<hw>cosmetic</hw> \K/kQz"mEtIk/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IFashion\i intended to adorn or beautify the body, esp. the face.\p\B2\b intended to improve only appearances; superficially improving or beneficial \3(a cosmetic change).\c\p\B3\b \IMed\i (of surgery or a prosthetic device) imitating, restoring, or enhancing the normal appearance.\p\In.\i\p\IFashion\i a cosmetic preparation, esp. for the face. \Bcosmetically\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \IcosmΘtique\i from Greek \Ikosmetikos,\i via \Ikosmeo\i 'adorn' from \Ikosmos\i 'order, adornment'\c
<hw>cosmic</hw> \K/"kQzmIk/\k \Iadj.\i \IAstron\i\p\B1\b of the universe or cosmos, esp. as distinct from the earth.\p\B2\b of or for space travel. \Bcosmical\b \Iadj.\i \Bcosmically\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>cosmic dust</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAstron\i small particles of matter distributed throughout space.
<hw>cosmic rays</hw> \In.pl.\i (also \Bcosmic radiation)\b \IAstron\i radiation from space etc. that reaches the earth from all directions, usu. with high energy and penetrative power.
<hw>cosmogony</hw> \K/kQz"mQg\F'\nni/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IAstron\i\p\B1\b the origin of the universe.\p\B2\b a theory about this. \Bcosmogonic\b \K/-m\F'\n"gQnIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Bcosmogonical\b \K/-m\F'\n"gQnIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Bcosmogonist\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ikosmogonia,\i from \Ikosmos\i 'world' + \I-gonia\i '-begetting'\c
<hw>cosmography</hw> \K/kQz"mQgr\F'\nfi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IAstron\i a description or mapping of general features of the universe. \Bcosmographer\b\p\In.\i\p\Bcosmographic\b \K/-m\F'\n"grafIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Bcosmographical\b \K/-m\F'\n"grafIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from French \Icosmographie,\i or via Late Latin from Greek \Ikosmographia\i (as \J\Xcosmos\x (1),\j \J\X-graphy\x)\j\c
<hw>cosmology</hw> \K/kQz"mQl\F'\ndZi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAstron\i\p\B1\b the science of the origin and development of the universe.\p\B2\b an account or theory of the origin of the universe.\Ksenses split after OERD May 94\k \Bcosmological\b \K/-m\F'\n"lQdZIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Bcosmologist\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Icosmologie\i or modern Latin \Icosmologia\i (as \J\Xcosmos\x (1),\j \J\X-logy\x)\j\c
<hw>cosmonaut</hw> \K/"kQzm\F'\nnO:t/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAstron\i a Russian astronaut. \BEtymology:\b \3Russian \Ikosmonavt,\i as \J\Xcosmos\x (1),\j on the pattern of \Iastronaut\i\c
<hw>cosmopolitan</hw> \K/kQzm\F'\n"pQlIt(\F'\n)n/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b of or from or knowing many parts of the world. \Bb\b consisting of people from many or all parts.\p\B2\b free from national limitations or prejudices.\p\B3\b \IEcol.\i (of a plant, animal, etc.) widely distributed.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a cosmopolitan person.\p\B2\b \IEcol.\i a widely distributed animal or plant. \Bcosmopolitanism\b\p\In.\i\p\Bcosmopolitanize\b \Iv.tr. & intr.\i (also \B-ise).\b \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xcosmopolite\x\j + \J\X-an\x\j\c
<hw>cosmopolite</hw> \K/kQz"mQp(\F'\n)lVIt/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a cosmopolitan person.\p\B2\b \IEcol.\i = \J\Xcosmopolitan\x\p\In.\i\p2.\j \Iadj.\i free from national attachments or prejudices. \BEtymology:\b \3French from Greek \Ikosmopolites,\i from \Ikosmos\i 'world' + \Ipolites\i 'citizen'\c
<hw>cosmos (1)</hw> \K/"kQzmQs/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IAstron\i the universe, esp. as a well-ordered whole.\p\B2\b \Ba\b an ordered system of ideas etc. \Bb\b a sum total of experience. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ikosmos\i 'order, ornament, world'\c
<hw>cosmos (2)</hw> \K/"kQzmQs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i any plant of the genus \ICosmos\i (daisy family), bearing single dahlia-like blossoms of various colours. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin, from Greek \Ikosmos\i in the sense 'ornament'\c
<hw>COSPAR</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IAstronaut.\i Committee on Space Research.
<hw>Cossack</hw> \K/"kQsak/\k \In. & adj.\i \IPeople Mil\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a member of a people of southern Russia, Ukraine, and Siberia, noted from late medieval times for their horsemanship and military skill.\p\B2\b a member of a Cossack military unit. \Iadj.\i of, relating to, or characteristic of the Cossacks. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icosaque\i via Russian \Ikazak\i from Turkic, = vagabond\c
<hw>cosset</hw> \K/"kQsIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(cosseted,\b \Bcosseting)\b pamper. \BEtymology:\b \3dialect \Icosset\i = pet lamb, probably via Anglo-French \Icoscet,\i \Icozet\i from Old English \Icotsµta\i 'cottager' (as \J\Xcot\x (2),\j \J\Xsit\x)\j\c
<hw>cost</hw> \K/kQst/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\I(past\i and \Ipast part.\i \Bcost)\b\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \ICommerce\i be obtainable for (a sum of money); have as a price \3(what does it cost?;\c \2it cost me ú50).\c\p\B2\b \Itr.\i involve as a loss or sacrifice \3(it cost them much effort;\c \2it cost him his life).\c\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \I(past\i and \Ipast part.\i \Bcosted)\b \ICommerce\i fix or estimate the cost or price of.\p\B4\b \Icolloq.\i \Ba\b \Itr.\i be costly to \3(it'll cost you).\c \Bb\b \Iintr.\i be costly.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b what a thing costs; the price paid or to be paid.\p\B2\b a loss or sacrifice; an expenditure of time, effort, etc.\p\B3\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \ILaw\i legal expenses, esp. those allowed in favour of the winning party or against the losing party in a suit.\p\1at all costs\c (or \Bat any cost)\b no matter what the cost or risk may be.\p\1at cost\c \ICommerce\i at the initial cost; at cost price.\p\1at the cost of\c at the expense of losing or sacrificing.\p\1cost a person dear\c (or \Bdearly)\b involve a person in a high cost or a heavy penalty.\p\1to a person's cost\c at a person's expense; with loss or disadvantage to a person. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Icoster,\i \Icouster,\i \Icoust,\i ultimately from Latin \Iconstare\i 'stand firm, stand at a price' (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Istare\i 'stand')\c
<hw>cost accountant</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i an accountant who records costs and (esp. overhead) expenses in a business concern. \Bcost accounting\b\p\In.\i\p\K-ing new f. SOED Sep 93\k
<hw>costal</hw> \K/"kQst(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \IAnat\i of the ribs. \BEtymology:\b \3French via modern Latin \Icostalis\i from Latin \Icosta\i 'rib'\c
<hw>co-star</hw> \K/"k\F'\nUstA:/\k \In. & v.\i \ITheatr Cinemat.\i\p\In.\i\pa cinema or stage star appearing with another or others of equal importance.\p\Iv.\i\p\B(-starred,\b \B-starring)\b\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i take part as a co-star.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i (of a production) include as a co-star.
<hw>costard</hw> \K/"kQst\F'\nd/, /"kVst-/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b\p\B1\b \IBot\i a large ribbed variety of apple.\p\B2\b \Iarchaic\i \Ijoc.\i the head. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Anglo-French (from \Icoste\i 'rib') from Latin \Icosta\i\c
<hw>costate</hw> \K/"kQsteIt/\k \Iadj.\i ribbed; having ribs or ridges. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icostatus\i from \Icosta\i 'rib'\c
<hw>cost-benefit</hw> \Iattrib.adj.\i \ICommerce\i designating or relating to a process that assesses the relation between the cost of an operation and the value of the resulting benefits \3(cost-benefit analysis).\c
<hw>cost clerk</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \BBrit.\b \Bcosting clerk)\b \ICommerce\i a clerk who records costs and expenses in a business concern.
<hw>cost-conscious</hw> \Iadj.\i \ICommerce\i aware of cost or costs.\Knew f. corpus Sep 93\k
<hw>cost-cutting</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i the cutting of costs \I(often \Battrib.:\b\i \2cost-cutting measures).\c\Knew f. corpus Sep 93\k
<hw>cost-effective</hw> \Iadj.\i \ICommerce\i effective or productive in relation to its cost. \Bcost-effectively\b \Iadv.\i \Bcost-effectiveness\b\p\In.\i\p\K-ly and -ness new f. corpus Sep 93\k
<hw>cost-efficient</hw> \Iadj.\i \ICommerce\i = \J\Xcost-effective\x.\j \Bcost-efficiency\b\p\In.\i\p\Knew f. corpus Sep 93\k
<hw>costermonger</hw> \K/"kQst\F'\nmVNg\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ICommerce\i a person who sells fruit, vegetables, etc., in the street from a barrow. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xcostard\x\j + \J\Xmonger\x\j\c
<hw>costing</hw> \K/"kQstIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(often in \Bpl.)\b\i \ICommerce\i\p\B1\b the determination of the cost of producing or undertaking something.\p\B2\b the cost so arrived at.\Knew f. corpus, SOED Sep 93\k
<hw>costive</hw> \K/"kQstIv/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IMed\i constipated.\p\B2\b niggardly. \Bcostively\b \Iadv.\i \Bcostiveness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \IcostivΘ\i from Latin \Iconstipatus:\i see \J\Xconstipate\x\j\c
<hw>costly</hw> \K/"kQs(t)li/\k \Iadj.\i \B(costlier,\b \Bcostliest)\b\p\B1\b costing much; expensive.\p\B2\b of great value. \Bcostliness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>costmary</hw> \K/"kQstmE:ri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IBot\i an aromatic plant of the daisy family, Balsamita major, formerly used in medicine and for flavouring ale. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Icost\i via Latin \Icostum\i and Greek \Ikostos\i from Arabic \Ikust,\i an aromatic plant + \I(St)\i \IMary\i (with whom it was associated in medieval times)\c
<hw>cost of living</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IEcon\i the level of prices esp. of the basic necessities of life.
<hw>cost-plus</hw> \Iattrib.adj.\i \ICommerce\i designating or relating to a pricing system in which a fixed profit factor is added to cost incurred.
<hw>cost price</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ICommerce\i the price paid for a thing by a person etc. who later sells it.
<hw>cost push</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IEcon.\i factors other than demand that cause inflation.
<hw>costume</hw> \K/"kQstju:m/\k \In. & v.\i \IClothing\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a style or fashion of dress, esp. that of a particular place, time, or class.\p\B2\b a set of clothes.\p\B3\b clothing for a particular activity \3(swimming costume).\c\p\B4\b \ITheatr\i an actor's clothes for a part.\p\B5\b \BBrit.\b a woman's matching jacket and skirt. \Iv.tr.\i provide with a costume. \BEtymology:\b \3French via Italian from Latin \Iconsuetudo\i \J\Xcustom\x\j\c
<hw>costume drama</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ITheatr Telev Cinematog\i a drama, esp. produced for television or the cinema, for which historical costume is worn.\Knew f. corpus, incomings Jun 94\k
<hw>costume jewellery</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IJewellery\i artificial jewellery worn to adorn clothes.
<hw>costume play</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcostume piece)\b \ITheatr\i a play in which the actors wear historical costume.
<hw>costumier</hw> \K/kQ"stju:mI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcostumer\b \K/-m\F'\n/\k) \ITheatr\i a person who makes or deals in costumes, esp. for theatrical use. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icostumier\i (as \J\Xcostume\x)\j\c
<hw>cosy</hw> \K/"k\F'\nUzi/\k \Iadj., n., & v.\i \B(US\b \Bcozy)\b \Iadj.\i \B(cosier,\b \Bcosiest)\b\p\B1\b comfortable and warm; snug.\p\B2\b \Iderog.\i complacent; expedient, self-serving.\p\B3\b warm and friendly.\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \IFood\i a cover to keep something hot, esp. a teapot or a boiled egg.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b \IFurniture\i a canopied corner seat for two. \Iv.tr.\i \B(-ies,\b \B-ied)\b \I(often foll. by \Balong)\b\i \Icolloq.\i reassure, esp. deceptively.\p\Bcosy up to\b \BUS\b \Icolloq.\i\p\B1\b ingratiate oneself with.\p\B2\b snuggle up to. \Bcosily\b \Iadv.\i \Bcosiness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \318th c. from Scots, of unknown origin\c
<hw>cot (1)</hw> \K/kQt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b \IFurniture\i a small bed with high sides, esp. for a baby or very young child.\p\B2\b \IMed\i a hospital bed.\p\B3\b \BUS\b \IFurniture\i a small folding bed.\p\B4\b \BAnglo-Ind.\b \IFurniture\i a light bedstead.\p\B5\b \INaut.\i a kind of swinging bed hung from deck beams, formerly used by officers. \BEtymology:\b \3Anglo-Indian, from Hindi \Ikhat\i 'bedstead, hammock'\c
<hw>cot (2)</hw> \K/kQt/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a small shelter; a cote \3(bell-cot;\c \2sheep-cot).\c\p\B2\b \Ipoet.\i a cottage. \Iv.tr.\i \B(cotted,\b \Bcotting)\b \IAgriculture\i put (sheep) in a cot. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English from Germanic, related to \J\Xcote\x\j\c
<hw>cotangent</hw> \K/k\F'\nU"tandZ(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMath.\i the ratio of the side adjacent to an acute angle (in a right-angled triangle) to the opposite side.
<hw>cot-case</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a person too ill to leave his or her bed.
<hw>cot death</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IMed\i the unexplained death of a baby while sleeping.
<hw>cote</hw> \K/k\F'\nUt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAgriculture\i a shelter, esp. for animals or birds; a shed or stall \3(sheep-cote).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Old English from Germanic, related to \J\Xcot\x (2)\j\c
<hw>coterie</hw> \K/"k\F'\nUt(\F'\n)ri/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISociol\i\p\B1\b an exclusive group of people sharing interests.\p\B2\b a select circle in society. \BEtymology:\b \3French, originally = association of tenants, ultimately from Middle Low German \Ikote\i \J\Xcote\x\j\c
<hw>coterminous</hw> \K/k\F'\nU"t\F'\n:mIn\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i having the same boundaries or extent (in space, time, or meaning). \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xco-\x\j + \J\Xterminus\x\j + \J\X-ous\x\j\c
<hw>co-tidal line</hw> \K/k\F'\nU"tVId(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeog\i a line on a map connecting points at which tidal levels (as high tide or low tide) occur simultaneously.
<hw>cotillion</hw> \K/k\F'\n"tIlj\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IDancing\i\p\B1\b a French dance with elaborate steps, figures, and ceremonial.\p\B2\b \BUS\b \Ba\b a ballroom dance resembling a quadrille. \Bb\b a formal ball. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icotillon\i 'petticoat', diminutive of \Icotte\i from Old French \Icote\i \J\Xcoat\x\j\c
<hw>cotinga</hw> \K/k\F'\n"tINg\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a tropical American bird of the passerine family Cotingidae, often with brilliant plumage. \BEtymology:\b \3French from Tupi \Icutinga\i\c\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k
<hw>cotoneaster</hw> \K/k\F'\nt\F'\nUnI"ast\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a shrub of the genus \ICotoneaster\i (rose family), bearing usu. bright red berries. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin, from Latin \Icotoneum\i \J\Xquince\x\j + \J\X-aster\x\j\c
<hw>cotta</hw> \K/"kQt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IEccl.\i a surplice-like garment usu. reaching just above the waist. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian, from the Romanic base of \J\Xcoat\x\j\c
<hw>cottage</hw> \K/"kQtIdZ/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IArchit\i a small simple house, esp. in the country.\p\B2\b \IAgriculture\i a dwelling forming part of a farm establishment, used by a worker.\p\B3\b \Islang\i a public toilet.\Ksense 3 of noun new in COD9 f. News, Incomings Feb 94\k \Iv.intr.\i \ISex\i \Islang\i perform homosexual acts in public toilets.\Kverb new in COD9 f. News, Incomings Feb 94\k \Bcottagey\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Anglo-French, \Icotag,\i Anglo-Latin \Icotagium,\i from \J\Xcot\x (2)\j or \J\Xcote\x\j\c
<hw>cottage cheese</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICookery Food\i soft white cheese made from curds of skimmed milk without pressing.
<hw>cottage garden</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IHort.\i an informal garden well-stocked with colourful traditional hardy plants.\Knew f. corpus, incomings Sep 93\k
<hw>cottage hospital</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IMed\i a small hospital not having resident medical staff.
<hw>cottage industry</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i a business activity partly or wholly carried on at home.
<hw>cottage loaf</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IFood\i a loaf formed of two round masses, the smaller on top of the larger.
<hw>cottage pie</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ICookery\i a dish of minced meat topped with browned mashed potato.
<hw>cottager</hw> \K/"kQtIdZ\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pa person who lives in a cottage.
<hw>cottar</hw> \K/"kQt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcotter)\b \IAgriculture Commerce\i\p\B1\b \BSc.\b & \Ihist.\i a farm-labourer or tenant occupying a cottage in return for labour as required.\p\B2\b \BIr.\b \Ihist.\i = \J\Xcottier\x 2.\j \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xcot\x (2)\j + \J\X-er\x (1)\j (Scots \I-ar)\i\c
<hw>cotter</hw> \K/"kQt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMech\i\p\B1\b a bolt or wedge for securing parts of machinery etc.\p\B2\b (in full \Bcotter pin)\b a split pin that opens after passing through a hole. \BEtymology:\b \317th c. (related to earlier \Icotterel):\i origin unknown\c
<hw>cottier</hw> \K/"kQtI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b\p\B1\b a cottager.\p\B2\b \IAgriculture Commerce\i \Ihist.\i an Irish peasant under cottier tenure. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icotier\i from medieval Latin \Icotarius:\i related to \J\Xcoterie\x\j\c
<hw>cottier tenure</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BIr.\b \ICommerce\i \Ihist.\i the letting of land in small portions at a rent fixed by competition.
<hw>cotton</hw> \K/"kQt(\F'\n)n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBot\i a soft white fibrous substance covering the seeds of certain plants.\p\B2\b \IBot\i \Ba\b (in full \Bcotton plant)\b a tropical or subtropical plant of the genus \IGossypium\i (mallow family), grown for this fibre or for its seeds. \Bb\b \IAgriculture\i this plant as a crop.\p\B3\b \ITextiles\i thread or cloth made from the fibre.\p\B4\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i made of cotton. \Iv.intr.\i \I(foll. by \Bto)\b\i be attracted by (a person).\p\Bcotton on\b \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i \Icolloq.\i begin to understand.\p\Bcotton to\b \BUS\b \Icolloq.\i begin to like.\Kcotton to new f. F. Abate, incomings Nov 94\k \Bcottony\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icoton\i from Arabic \Ikutn\i\c
<hw>cotton cake</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAgriculture\i compressed cotton seed used as food for cattle.
<hw>cottontail</hw> \K/"kQt(\F'\n)nteIl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i any rabbit of the genus \ISylvilagus,\i native to America, having a mainly white fluffy tail.
<hw>cotton waste</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMech\i refuse yarn used to clean machinery etc.
<hw>cottonwood</hw> \K/"kQt(\F'\n)nwUd/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b any of several poplars, native to N. America, having seeds covered in white cottony hairs.\p\B2\b any of several trees native to Australia, esp. a downy-leaved tree, Bedfordia salicina.
<hw>cotton wool</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Besp. Brit.\b fluffy wadding of a kind originally made from raw cotton.\p\B2\b \BUS\b raw cotton.
<hw>cotyledon</hw> \K/kQtI"li:d(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot.\i\p\B1\b an embryonic leaf in seed-bearing plants.\p\B2\b any succulent plant of the southern African genus \ICotyledon\i or the European genus \IUmbilicus,\i esp. navelwort. \Bcotyledonary\b \Iadj.\i \Bcotyledonous\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = pennywort, from Greek \Ikotuledon\i 'cup-shaped cavity' from \Ikotule\i 'cup'\c
<hw>coucal</hw> \K/"ku:k(\F'\n)l/, /"kUkA:l/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i any ground-nesting bird of the genus \ICentropus,\i related to the cuckoos. \BEtymology:\b \3French, perhaps from \Icoucou\i 'cuckoo' + \Ialouette\i 'lark'\c
<hw>couch (1)</hw> \K/kaUtS/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IFurniture\i an upholstered piece of furniture for several people; a sofa.\p\B2\b \IMed\i a long padded seat with a headrest at one end, esp. one on which a psychoanalyst's subject or doctor's patient reclines during examination.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \I(foll. by \Bin)\b\i express in words of a specified kind \3(couched in simple language).\c\p\B2\b \Itr.\i lay on or as on a couch.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i \Ba\b (of an animal) lie, esp. in its lair. \Bb\b lie in ambush.\p\B4\b \Itr.\i lower (a spear etc.) to the position for attack.\p\B5\b \Itr.\i \IMed.\i treat (a cataract) by displacing the lens of the eye. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icouche,\i \Icoucher\i from Latin \Icollocare\i (as \J\Xcom-\x,\j \Ilocare\i 'place')\c
<hw>couch (2)</hw> \K/kaUtS/, /ku:tS/\k\p\In.\i\p(in full \Bcouch grass)\b \IBot\i any of several grasses of the genus \IAgropyron,\i esp. A. repens, having long creeping roots. \BEtymology:\b \3variant of \J\Xquitch\x\j\c
<hw>couchant</hw> \K/"kaUtS(\F'\n)nt/\k \Iadj.\i \I(placed after noun)\i \IHeraldry\i (of an animal) lying with the body resting on the legs and the head raised. \BEtymology:\b \3French, pres. part. of \Icoucher:\i see \J\Xcouch\x (1)\j\c
<hw>couchette</hw> \K/ku:"SEt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRailways\i\p\B1\b a railway carriage with seats convertible into sleeping berths.\p\B2\b a berth in this. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = little bed, diminutive of \Icouche\i \J\Xcouch\x (1)\j\c
<hw>couch potato</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Besp. N. Amer.\b \Islang\i a person who likes lazing at home, esp. watching television.
<hw>coudΘ</hw> \K/ku:"deI/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IOptics\i \Iadj.\i of or relating to a telescope in which the rays are bent to a focus at a fixed point off the axis.\p\In.\i\psuch a telescope. \BEtymology:\b \3French, past part. of \Icouder\i 'bend at right angles' from \Icoude\i 'elbow', from Latin \Icubitum\i\c
<hw>CouΘism</hw> \K/"ku:eIIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPsychol\i a system of psychotherapy using usu. optimistic auto-suggestion. \BEtymology:\b \3named after E. \ICouΘ,\i French psychologist d. 1926\c
<hw>cough</hw> \K/kQf/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.intr.\i\p\B1\b expel air from the lungs with a sudden sharp sound produced by abrupt opening of the glottis, to remove an obstruction or congestion.\p\B2\b (of an engine, gun, etc.) make a similar sound.\p\B3\b \BBrit.\b \Islang\i confess.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an act of coughing.\p\B2\b \IMed\i a condition of the respiratory organs causing coughing.\p\B3\b a tendency to cough.\p\Bcough out\b\p\B1\b eject by coughing.\p\B2\b say with a cough.\p\Bcough up\b\p\B1\b = \Icough out.\i\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i bring out or give (money or information) reluctantly.\Kcougher omitted Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English \Icoghe,\i \Icowhe,\i related to Middle Dutch \Ikuchen,\i Middle High German \Ikuchen,\i of imitative origin\c
<hw>cough drop</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcough sweet)\b \IMed\i a medicated lozenge for relieving a cough.
<hw>cough mixture</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a liquid medicine for relieving a cough.
<hw>could</hw> \I\Ipast\i of\i \J\Xcan\x (1).\j
<hw>couldn't</hw> \K/"kUd(\F'\n)nt/\k \Icontr.\i could not.
<hw>coulΘe</hw> \K/ku:"leI/, /"ku:li/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IGeol.\i a stream of molten or solidified lava.\p\B2\b \BN. Amer.\b \Idial.\i a deep ravine. \BEtymology:\b \3French, fem. past part. of \Icouler\i 'flow', from Latin \Icolare\i 'strain, filter'\c
<hw>coulis</hw> \K/"ku:li/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i same) \ICookery\i a fruit purΘe thin enough to pour.\Knew f. corpus Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3French from \Icouler\i 'flow, run'\c
<hw>coulisse</hw> \K/ku:"li:s/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i \ITheatr.\i a piece of side scenery or a space between two of these; the wings.\p\B2\b a place of informal discussion or negotiation. \BEtymology:\b \3French from \Icoulis\i 'sliding': see \J\Xportcullis\x\j\c
<hw>couloir</hw> \K/"ku:lwA:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeol\i a steep narrow gully on a mountainside. \BEtymology:\b \3French from \Icouler\i 'glide': see \J\XcoulΘe\x\j\c
<hw>coulomb</hw> \K/"ku:lQm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IElectr.\i the SI unit of electric charge, equal to the quantity of electricity conveyed in one second by a current of one ampere (symbol \BC).\b\Ksymb\k \BEtymology:\b \3named after C. A. de \ICoulomb,\i French physicist d. 1806\c
<hw>coulometry</hw> \K/ku:"lQmItri/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i a method of chemical analysis by measurement of the number of coulombs used in electrolysis. \Bcoulometric\b \K/ku:l\F'\n"mEtrIk/\k \Iadj.\i
<hw>coulter</hw> \K/"k\F'\nUlt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Bcolter)\b \IAgriculture\i a vertical cutting blade fixed in front of a ploughshare. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English from Latin \Iculter\i\c
<hw>coumarin</hw> \K/"ku:m\F'\nrIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i an aromatic compound found in many plants and formerly used for flavouring food. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icoumarine\i ultimately from Tupi \Icumar·\i 'substance from tonka beans'\c
<hw>coumarone</hw> \K/"ku:m\F'\nr\F'\nUn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i an organic compound present in coal tar and used in paints and varnishes. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xcoumarin\x\j + \J\X-one\x\j\c
<hw>coumarone resin</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i a thermoplastic resin formed by polymerization of coumarone.
<hw>council</hw> \K/"kaUns(\F'\n)l/, /-sIl/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b an advisory, deliberative, or administrative body of people formally constituted and meeting regularly. \Bb\b a meeting of such a body.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b \IPolit\i \Ba\b the elected local administrative body of a parish, district, town, city, or administrative county and its paid officers and workforce. \Bb\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i (esp. of housing) provided by a local council \3(council flat;\c \2council estate).\c\p\B3\b \IPolit\i a body of persons chosen as advisers \3(Privy Council).\c\p\B4\b \IEccl\i an ecclesiastical assembly \3(ecumenical council).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Anglo-French \Icuncile\i from Latin \Iconcilium\i 'convocation, assembly' (as \J\Xcom-\x\j + \Icalare\i 'summon'): cf. \J\Xcounsel\x\j\c
<hw>council chamber</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b a room in which a council meets.
<hw>council house</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b\p\B1\b a house owned and let by a local council.\K1 new f. SOED Sep 93\k\p\B2\b a building in which a council meets.
<hw>councillor</hw> \K/"kaUns(\F'\n)l\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Bcouncilor)\b \IPolit\i an elected member of a council, esp. \BBrit.\b a local council or \BUS\b a deliberative council. \Bcouncillorship\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, alteration of \J\Xcounsellor\x:\j assimilated to \J\Xcouncil\x\j\c
<hw>councilman</hw> \K/"kaUns(\F'\n)lm\F'\nn/, /-sIl-/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-men;\b \Ifem.\i \Bcouncilwoman,\b \Ipl.\i \B-women)\b \Besp. US\b a member of a council; a councillor.
<hw>council of war</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i\p\B1\b an assembly of officers called in a special emergency.\p\B2\b any meeting held to plan a response to an emergency.
<hw>council tax</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IEcon\i a tax levied by local authorities, based on the estimated value of a property and the number of people living in it, replacing the community charge from 1993.\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED, POD Sep 93\k
<hw>counsel</hw> \K/"kaUns(\F'\n)l/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b advice, esp. formally given.\p\B2\b consultation, esp. to seek or give advice.\p\B3\b \I(pl.\i same) \ILaw\i a barrister or other legal adviser; a body of these advising in a case.\p\B4\b a plan of action. \Iv.tr.\i \B(counselled,\b \Bcounselling;\b \BUS\b \Bcounseled,\b \Bcounseling)\b\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bto\b + infin.)\i advise (a person).\p\B2\b \IPsychol Sociol\i \Ba\b give advice to (a person) on social, psychological, or personal problems, esp. professionally. \Bb\b assist or guide (a person) in resolving personal difficulties.\p\B3\b \I(often foll. by \Bthat)\b\i recommend (a course of action).\p\1keep one's own counsel\c not confide in others.\p\1take counsel\c \I(usu. foll. by \Bwith)\b\i consult. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ic(o)unseil,\i \Iconseiller\i from Latin \Iconsilium\i 'consultation, advice'\c
<hw>counselling</hw> \K/"kaUns(\F'\n)lIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Bcounseling)\b\p\B1\b the act or process of giving counsel.\p\B2\b \IPsychol Sociol\i the process of assisting and guiding clients, esp. by a trained person on a professional basis, to resolve esp. personal, social, or psychological problems and difficulties \I(cf.\i \J\Xcounsel\x\p\Iv.\i\p2a).\j
<hw>counsellor</hw> \K/"kaUns(\F'\n)l\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Bcounselor)\b\p\B1\b a person who gives counsel; an adviser.\p\B2\b \IPsychol Sociol\i a person trained to give guidance on personal, social, or psychological problems \3(marriage guidance counsellor).\c\p\B3\b a senior officer in the diplomatic service.\p\B4\b \Ba\b (also \Bcounselor-at-law)\b \BUS\b a barrister. \Bb\b (also \Bcounsellor-at-law)\b \BIr.\b an advising barrister. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iconseiller\i (from Latin \Iconsiliarius),\i \Iconseillour,\i \I-eur\i (from Latin \Iconsiliator):\i see \J\Xcounsel\x\j\c
<hw>counsel of despair</hw>\p\In.\i\paction to be taken when all else fails.
<hw>counsel of perfection</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b advice that is ideal but not feasible.\p\B2\b advice guiding towards moral perfection.
<hw>count (1)</hw> \K/kaUnt/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i determine the total number or amount of, esp. by assigning successive numbers \3(count the stations).\c\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i repeat numbers in ascending order; conduct a reckoning.\p\B3\b \Ba\b \Itr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bin;\b\i often as \Bcounting\b \Iprep.)\i include in one's reckoning or plan \3(you can count me in;\c \2fifteen people, counting the guide).\c \Bb\b \Iintr.\i be included in a reckoning or plan.\p\B4\b \Itr.\i consider (a thing or a person) to be (lucky etc.) \3(count no man happy until he is dead).\c\p\B5\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bfor)\b\i have value; matter \3(his opinion counts for a great deal).\c\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the act of counting; a reckoning \3(after a count of fifty).\c \Bb\b the sum total of a reckoning \3(blood count;\c \2pollen count).\c\p\B2\b \ILaw\i each charge in an indictment \3(guilty on ten counts).\c\p\B3\b \IBoxing\i a count of up to ten seconds by a referee when a boxer is knocked down.\p\B4\b \IPolit.\i the act of counting the votes after a general or local election.\p\B5\b one of several points under discussion.\p\B6\b \ITextiles\i the measure of the fineness of a yarn expressed as the weight of a given length or the length of a given weight.\p\B7\b \IPhysics\i the number of ionizing particles detected by a counter.\p\Bcount against\b be reckoned to the disadvantage of.\p\1count one's blessings\c be grateful for what one has.\p\1count one's chickens (before they are hatched)\c be over-optimistic or hasty in anticipating good fortune.\p\1count the cost\c consider the risks before taking action; calculate the damage resulting from an action.\p\1count the days\c (or \Bhours\b etc.) be impatient.\p\Bcount down\b \IAstronaut. etc.\i recite numbers backwards to zero, esp. as part of a rocket-launching procedure.\p\Bcount on\b (or \Bupon)\b depend on, rely on; expect confidently.\p\Bcount out\b\p\B1\b count while taking from a stock.\p\B2\b \IBoxing\i complete a count of ten seconds over (a fallen boxer etc.), indicating defeat.\p\B3\b \IGames\i (in children's games) select (a player) for dismissal or a special role by use of a counting rhyme etc.\p\B4\b \Icolloq.\i exclude from a plan or reckoning \3(I'm too tired, count me out).\c\p\B5\b \BBrit.\b \IPolit.\i procure the adjournment of (the House of Commons) when fewer than 40 members are present.\p\Bcount up\b find the sum of.\p\1keep count\c take note of how many there have been etc.\p\1lose count\c fail to take note of how many there have been etc.; forget the number noted in counting.\p\1not counting\c excluding from the reckoning \I(see\i sense 3a of the \Iv.).\i\p\1out for the count\c\p\B1\b \IBoxing\i defeated by being unable to rise within ten seconds.\p\B2\b \Ba\b defeated or demoralized. \Bb\b soundly asleep; unconscious.\p\1take the count\c \IBoxing\i be defeated. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ico(u)nter,\i \Ico(u)nte\i from Late Latin \Icomputus,\i \Icomputare\i \J\Xcompute\x\j\c
<hw>count (2)</hw> \K/kaUnt/\k\p\In.\i\pa foreign noble corresponding to an earl. \Bcountship\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old French \Iconte\i from Latin \Icomes comitis\i 'member of the imperial retinue'\c
<hw>countable</hw> \K/"kaUnt\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i that can be counted.
<hw>countable noun</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IGram.\i a noun that can form a plural or be used with the indefinite article (e.g. \Ibook,\i \Ikindness,\i meaning 'a kind act'). \ICf.\i \J\Xuncountable noun\x,\j \J\Xmass noun\x.\j
<hw>countback</hw> \K/"kaUntbak/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISport\i a system of scoring in which the winner of a tied contest is the contestant with the better score in the later part.\Knew f. corresp., incomings, corpus April 94\k
<hw>countdown</hw> \K/"kaUntdaUn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAstronaut. etc.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the act of counting down, esp. at the launching of a rocket etc. \Bb\b the procedures carried out during this time.\p\B2\b the final moments before any significant event.
<hw>countenance</hw> \K/"kaUnt(\F'\n)n\F'\nns/, /-tIn-/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the face. \Bb\b the facial expression.\p\B2\b composure.\p\B3\b moral support. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b give approval to (an act etc.) \3(cannot countenance this breach of the rules).\c\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Bin)\b\i encourage (a person or a practice).\p\1change countenance\c alter one's expression as an effect of emotion.\p\1keep one's countenance\c maintain composure, esp. by refraining from laughter.\p\1keep a person in countenance\c support or encourage a person.\p\1lose countenance\c become embarrassed.\p\1out of countenance\c disconcerted. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Anglo-French \Ic(o)untenance,\i Old French \Icontenance\i 'bearing', from \Icontenir:\i see \J\Xcontain\x\j\c
<hw>counter (1)</hw> \K/"kaUnt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ICommerce\i \Ba\b a long flat-topped fitment in a shop, bank, etc., across which business is conducted with customers. \Bb\b a similar structure used for serving food etc. in a cafeteria or bar. \Bc\b \BN. Amer.\b = \J\Xworktop\x.\j\K1c new f. K. Barber Dec 94\k\p\B2\b \Ba\b \IGames\i a small disc used for keeping the score etc. esp. in table games. \Bb\b a token representing a coin. \Bc\b something used in bargaining; a pawn \3(a counter in the struggle for power).\c\p\B3\b \Ba\b an apparatus used for counting. \Bb\b \IPhysics\i an apparatus used for counting individual ionizing particles etc.\p\B4\b a person who counts something.\p\1over the counter\c by ordinary retail purchase (see also \J\Xover-the-counter\x).\j\p\1under the counter\c (esp. of the sale of scarce goods) surreptitiously, esp. illegally (see also \J\Xunder-the-counter\x).\j \BEtymology:\b \3Anglo-French \Icount(e)our,\i Old French \Iconteo(i)r,\i from medieval Latin \Icomputatorium\i (as \J\Xcompute\x)\j\c
<hw>counter (2)</hw> \K/"kaUnt\F'\n/\k \Iv., adv., adj., & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b oppose, contradict \3(countered our proposal with their own).\c \Bb\b meet by a countermove.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \Ba\b make a countermove. \Bb\b make an opposing statement \3('I shall!' he countered).\c\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i \IBoxing\i give a return blow while parrying. \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b in the opposite direction \3(ran counter to the fox).\c\p\B2\b contrary \3(his action was counter to my wishes).\c \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b opposed; opposite.\p\B2\b duplicate; serving as a check.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a parry; a countermove.\p\B2\b something opposite or opposed.\p\1act (or go) counter to\c disobey (instructions etc.).\p\1go (or \BBrit.\b hunt or run) counter\c \IHunting\i run or ride against the direction taken by a quarry.\p\1run counter to\c act contrary to. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icountre\i from Latin \Icontra\i 'against': see \J\Xcounter-\x\j\c
<hw>counter (3)</hw> \K/"kaUnt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool Anat\i the part of a horse's breast between the shoulders and under the neck.\p\B2\b \INaut\i the curved part of the stern of a ship.\p\B3\b \IPrinting\i a part of a printing type etc. that is completely enclosed by an outline (e.g. the loop of P). \BEtymology:\b \317th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>counter (4)</hw> \K/"kaUnt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IClothing\i the back part of a shoe or a boot round the heel. \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation of \Icounterfort\i 'buttress'\c
<hw>counter-</hw> \K/"kaUnt\F'\n/\k \Iprefix\i denoting:\p\B1\b retaliation, opposition, or rivalry \3(counter-demonstration;\c \2counter-inflationary).\c\p\B2\b opposite direction \3(counter-current).\c\p\B3\b correspondence, duplication, or substitution \3(counterpart;\c \2countersign).\c \BEtymology:\b \3from or suggested by Anglo-French \Icountre-,\i Old French \Icontre,\i from Latin \Icontra\i 'against'\c
<hw>counteract</hw> \K/kaUnt\F'\nr"akt/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b hinder or oppose by contrary action.\p\B2\b neutralize. \Bcounteraction\b\p\In.\i\p\Bcounteractive\b \Iadj.\i
<hw>counter-attack</hw> \K/"kaUnt(\F'\n)r\F'\ntak/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\pan attack in reply to an attack by an enemy or opponent. \Iv.tr. & intr.\i attack in reply.
<hw>counter-attraction</hw> \K/"kaUnt(\F'\n)r\F'\n%trakS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a rival attraction.\p\B2\b the attraction of a contrary tendency.
<hw>counterbalance</hw> \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\K/"kaUnt\F'\nbal(\F'\n)ns/\k\p\B1\b a weight balancing another.\p\B2\b an argument, force, etc., balancing another. \Iv.tr.\i \K/kaUnt\F'\n"bal(\F'\n)ns/\k act as a counterbalance to.
<hw>counterblast</hw> \K/"kaUnt\F'\nblA:st/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i an energetic or violent verbal or written reply to an argument etc.
<hw>counterchange</hw> \K/"kaUnt\F'\ntSeIn(d)Z/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i change (places or parts); interchange.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \Iliterary\i chequer, esp. with contrasting colours etc.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i change places or parts. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icontrechanger\i (as \J\Xcounter-\x,\j \J\Xchange\x)\j\c
<hw>countercharge</hw> \K/"kaUnt\F'\ntSA:dZ/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\pa charge or accusation in return for one received. \Iv.tr.\i make a countercharge against.
<hw>countercheck</hw> \K/"kaUnt\F'\ntSEk/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a restraint that opposes something. \Bb\b a restraint that operates against another.\p\B2\b a second check, esp. for security or accuracy.\p\B3\b \Iarchaic\i a retort. \Iv.tr.\i make a countercheck on.
<hw>counter-claim</hw> \K/"kaUnt\F'\nkleIm/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a claim made against another claim.\p\B2\b \ILaw\i a claim made by a defendant in a suit against the plaintiff. \Iv.tr. & intr.\i make a counter-claim (for).
<hw>counter-culture</hw> \K/"kaUnt\F'\nkVltS\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISociol\i a way of life etc. opposed to that usually considered normal.
<hw>counter-espionage</hw> \K/kaUnt\F'\nr"EspI\F'\nnA:Z/, /-IdZ/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i action taken to frustrate enemy spying.
<hw>counterfeit</hw> \K/"kaUnt\F'\nfIt/, /-fi:t/\k \Iadj., n., & v.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b (of a coin, writing, etc.) made in imitation; not genuine; forged.\p\B2\b (of a claimant etc.) pretended.\p\In.\i\pa forgery; an imitation. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b imitate fraudulently (a coin, handwriting, etc.); forge. \Bb\b make an imitation of.\p\B2\b simulate (feelings etc.) \3(counterfeited interest).\c\p\B3\b resemble closely. \Bcounterfeiter\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icountrefet,\i \I-fait,\i past part. of \Icontrefaire,\i from Romanic (as \J\Xcontra-\x\j + Latin \Ifacere\i 'make')\c
<hw>counterfoil</hw> \K/"kaUnt\F'\nfOIl/\k\p\In.\i\p\Besp. Brit.\b \ICommerce\i the part of a cheque, receipt, etc., retained by the person issuing it and containing details of the transaction.
<hw>counter-insurgency</hw> \K/k\F'\nUnt(\F'\n)rIn"s\F'\n:dz\F'\nnsi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(usu. \Battrib.)\b\i action against insurrection \3(counter-insurgency operations).\c\Knew f. corpus Sep 93\k
<hw>counter-intuitive</hw> \K/kaUnt(\F'\n)rIn"tju:ItIv/\k \Iadj.\i contrary to intuition.\Knew f. corpus, SOED Mar 94\k
<hw>counterirritant</hw> \K/kaUnt(\F'\n)r"IrIt(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMed.\i \IPharm\i something used to produce surface irritation of the skin, thereby counteracting more painful symptoms.\p\B2\b anything resembling a counterirritant in its effects. \Bcounterirritation\b \K/-"teIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>countermand</hw> \K/kaUnt\F'\n"mA:nd/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \IMil.\i \Ba\b revoke (an order or command). \Bb\b recall (forces etc.) by a contrary order.\p\B2\b cancel an order for (goods etc.).\p\In.\i\pan order revoking a previous one. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icontremander\i from medieval Latin \Icontramandare\i (as \J\Xcontra-\x,\j \Imandare\i 'order')\c
<hw>countermarch</hw> \K/"kaUnt\F'\nmA:tS/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.intr. & tr.\i \Iesp. Mil.\i march or cause to march in the opposite direction, e.g. with the front marchers turning and marching back through the ranks.\p\In.\i\pan act of countermarching.
<hw>countermeasure</hw> \K/"kaUnt\F'\nmEZ\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pan action taken to counteract a danger, threat, etc.
<hw>countermine</hw> \K/"kaUnt\F'\nmVIn/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMil.\i \Ba\b a mine dug to intercept another dug by an enemy. \Bb\b a submarine mine sunk to explode an enemy's mines.\p\B2\b a counterplot. \Iv.tr.\i make a countermine against.
<hw>countermove</hw> \K/"kaUnt\F'\nmu:v/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\pa move or action in opposition to another. \Iv.intr.\i make a countermove. \Bcountermovement\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>counter-offensive</hw> \K/"kaUnt(\F'\n)r\F'\nfEnsIv/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMil.\i an attack made from a defensive position in order to effect an escape.\p\B2\b any attack made from a defensive position.
<hw>counterpane</hw> \K/"kaUnt\F'\npeIn/\k\p\In.\i\pa bedspread. \BEtymology:\b \3alteration (with assimilation to \Ipane\i in obsolete sense 'cloth') from obsolete \Icounterpoint,\i via Old French \Icontrepointe\i (alteration of \Icou(l)tepointe)\i from medieval Latin \Iculcita puncta\i 'quilted mattress'\c
<hw>counterpart</hw> \K/"kaUnt\F'\npA:t/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a person or thing extremely like another. \Bb\b a person or thing forming a natural complement or equivalent to another.\p\B2\b \ILaw\i one of two copies of a legal document.
<hw>counterpart fund</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i a sum of money in a local currency equivalent to goods or services received from abroad.
<hw>counterplot</hw> \K/"kaUnt\F'\nplQt/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\pa plot intended to defeat another plot.\p\Iv.\i\p\B(-plotted,\b \B-plotting)\b\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i make a counterplot.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i make a counterplot against.
<hw>counterpoint</hw> \K/"kaUnt\F'\npOInt/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMus.\i \Ba\b the art or technique of setting, writing, or playing a melody or melodies in conjunction with another, according to fixed rules. \Bb\b a melody played in conjunction with another.\p\B2\b a contrasting argument, plot, idea, or literary theme, etc., used to set off the main element. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \IMus.\i add counterpoint to.\p\B2\b set (an argument, plot, etc.) in contrast to (a main element). \BEtymology:\b \3Old French \Icontrepoint\i from medieval Latin \Icontrapunctum\i 'pricked or marked opposite', i.e. to the original melody (as \J\Xcontra-\x,\j \Ipungere punct-\i 'prick')\c
<hw>counterpoise</hw> \K/"kaUnt\F'\npOIz/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a force etc. equivalent to another on the opposite side.\p\B2\b a state of equilibrium.\p\B3\b a counterbalancing weight. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b counterbalance.\p\B2\b compensate.\p\B3\b bring into or keep in equilibrium. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Icontrepeis,\i \I-pois\i \I(n.),\i \Icontrepeser\i \I(v.)\i (as \J\Xcounter-\x,\j \Ipeis,\i \Ipois\i from Latin \Ipensum\i 'weight': cf. \J\Xpoise\x (1))\j\c
<hw>counter-productive</hw> \K/%kaUnt\F'\npr\F'\n"dVktIv/\k \Iadj.\i having the opposite of the desired effect.
<hw>counterpunch</hw> \K/"kaUnt\F'\npVn(t)S/\k \In. & v.\i \IBoxing\i\p\In.\i\pa punch or attack given in return; a boxer's counter. \Iv.intr.\i make a counterpunch or counterpunches. \Bcounterpuncher\b\p\In.\i\p\Knew in COD9 f. News, NSOED Sep 93\k
<hw>counter-reformation</hw> \K/%kaUnt\F'\nrEf\F'\n"meIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \B(Counter-Reformation)\b \Ihist.\i the reform of the Church of Rome in the 16th and 17th centuries which took place in response to the Protestant Reformation.\p\B2\b a reformation running counter to another.
<hw>counter-revolution</hw> \K/%kaUnt\F'\nrEv\F'\n"lu:S(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I\Iesp.\i Polit\i a revolution opposing a former one or reversing its results. \Bcounter-revolutionary\b \Iadj. & n.\i \I(pl.\i \B-ies).\b
<hw>counterscarp</hw> \K/"kaUnt\F'\nskA:p/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMil.\i the outer wall or slope of a ditch in a fortification. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icontrescarpe\i from Italian \Icontrascarpa\i (as \J\Xcontra-\x,\j \J\Xscarp\x)\j\c
<hw>countershaft</hw> \K/"kaUnt\F'\nSA:ft/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMech\i an intermediate shaft driven by a main shaft and transmitting motion to a particular machine etc.\Ksense 2 omitted: same as sense 1 Sep 93\k
<hw>countersign</hw> \K/"kaUnt\F'\nsVIn/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b add a signature to (a document already signed by another).\p\B2\b ratify.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a watchword or password spoken to a person on guard.\p\B2\b a mark used for identification etc. \Bcounter-signature\b \K/-"sIgn\F'\ntS\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Icontresigner\i \I(v.),\i \Icontresigne\i \I(n.),\i from Italian \Icontrasegno\i (as \J\Xcounter-\x,\j \J\Xsign\x)\j\c
<hw>countersink</hw> \K/"kaUnt\F'\nsINk/\k \Iv.tr.\i \I(past\i and \Ipast part.\i \B-sunk)\b \ICarpentry\i\p\B1\b enlarge and bevel the rim of (a hole) so that a screw or bolt can be inserted flush with the surface.\p\B2\b sink (a screw etc.) in such a hole.
<hw>counterstroke</hw> \K/"kaUnt\F'\nstr\F'\nUk/\k\p\In.\i\pa blow given in return for another.
<hw>counter-tenor</hw> \K/kaUnt\F'\n"tEn\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMus.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a male alto singing voice. \Bb\b a singer with this voice.\p\B2\b a part written for counter-tenor. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via French \Icontre-teneur\i from obsolete Italian \Icontratenore\i (as \J\Xcontra-\x,\j \J\Xtenor\x)\j\c
<hw>countertop</hw> \K/"kaUnt\F'\ntQp/\k\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b = \J\Xworktop\x.\j\Knew f. K. Barber Dec 94\k
<hw>counter-transference</hw> \K/k\F'\nUnt\F'\n"transf(\F'\n)r(\F'\n)ns/, /-"trA:ns-/, /-nz-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPsychol.\i\p\B1\b the redirection of childhood emotions felt by an analyst towards a patient.\p\B2\b any emotion felt by an analyst towards a patient.\Knew in COD9 f. News Sep 93\k
<hw>countervail</hw> \K/kaUnt\F'\n"veIl/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i counterbalance.\p\B2\b \Itr. & intr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bagainst)\b\i oppose forcefully and usu. successfully. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Anglo-French \Icontrevaloir\i from Latin \Icontra valere\i 'be of worth against'\c
<hw>countervailing duty</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i a tax put on imports to offset a subsidy in the exporting country or a tax on similar goods not from abroad.
<hw>countervalue</hw> \K/"kaUnt\F'\nvalju:/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \I\Iesp.\i Mil\i an equivalent value, esp. in military strategy.
<hw>countess</hw> \K/"kaUntIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the wife or widow of a count or an earl.\p\B2\b a woman holding the rank of count or earl. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icontesse,\i \Icuntesse\i from Late Latin \Icomitissa,\i fem. of \Icomes\i \J\Xcount\x (2)\j\c
<hw>counting house</hw> \K/"kaUntIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i a place where accounts are kept.
<hw>countless</hw> \K/"kaUntlIs/\k \Iadj.\i too many to be counted.
<hw>Count Palatine</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i \Ihist.\i a high official of the Holy Roman Empire with royal authority within his domain.
<hw>countrified</hw> \K/"kVntrIfVId/\k \Iadj.\i (also \Bcountryfied)\b \Ioften derog.\i rural or rustic, esp. of manners, appearance, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3past part. of \Icountrify,\i from \J\Xcountry\x\j\c
<hw>country</hw> \K/"kVntri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b the territory of a nation with its own government; a state. \Bb\b a territory possessing its own language, people, culture, etc.\p\B2\b \I(often \Battrib.)\b\i rural districts as opposed to towns or the capital \3(a cottage in the country;\c \2a country town).\c\p\B3\b the land of a person's birth or citizenship; a fatherland or motherland.\p\B4\b \Ba\b a territory, esp. an area of interest or knowledge. \Bb\b a region associated with a particular person, esp. a writer \3(Hardy country).\c\p\B5\b a national population, esp. as voters \3(the country won't stand for it).\c\p\1across country\c not keeping to roads.\Kcountry-wide omitted - covered at wide Mar 94\k\p\1go (or appeal) to the country\c \BBrit.\b \IPolit\i test public opinion by dissolving Parliament and holding a general election.\p\1in the country\c \ICricket\i \Islang\i far from the wickets; in the deep field.\p\1line of country\c \BBrit.\b a subject about which a person is knowledgeable.\p\1unknown country\c an unfamiliar place or topic. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icuntree\i from medieval Latin \Icontrata\i \I(terra)\i '(land) lying opposite' (as \J\Xcontra\x)\j\c
<hw>country and western</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMus\i rural or cowboy songs originating in the US, and usu. accompanied by a guitar etc.
<hw>country club</hw>\p\In.\i\pa sporting and social club in a rural setting.
<hw>country cousin</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Ioften derog.\i a person with a countrified appearance or manners.
<hw>country dance</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IDancing\i a traditional sort of dance, esp. English, with couples facing each other in long lines.
<hw>country gentleman</hw>\p\In.\i\pa gentleman with landed property.
<hw>country house</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IArchit\i a usu. large house in the country, often the seat of a country gentleman.
<hw>countryman</hw> \K/"kVntrIm\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-men;\b \Ifem.\i \Bcountrywoman,\b \Ipl.\i \B-women)\b\p\B1\b a person living in a rural area.\p\B2\b \Ba\b (also \Bfellow countryman)\b a person of one's own country or district. \Bb\b \I(often in \Bcomb.)\b\i a person from a specified country or district \3(north-countryman).\c
<hw>country music</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMus\i = \J\Xcountry and western\x.\j
<hw>country party</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IPolit\i a political party supporting agricultural interests.
<hw>country rock</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IGeol.\i rock which encloses a mineral deposit or an igneous intrusion.\p\B2\b \IMus\i a blend of rock music with country and western.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k
<hw>country seat</hw>\p\In.\i\pa large country house belonging to an aristocratic family.
<hw>countryside</hw> \K/"kVntrIsVId/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a rural area. \Bb\b rural areas in general.\p\B2\b the inhabitants of a rural area.
<hw>countrywoman</hw> \Isee\i \J\Xcountryman\x.\j
<hw>county</hw> \K/"kaUnti/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \IPolit\i \Ba\b a territorial division of some countries, forming the chief unit of local administration. \Bb\b \BUS\b a political and administrative division of a state.\p\B2\b \Ioften iron.\i the people of a county, esp. the leading families. \Iadj.\i \BBrit.\b having the social status or characteristics of county families. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Anglo-French \IcountΘ,\i Old French \IcontΘ,\i \IcuntΘ,\i from Latin \Icomitatus\i (as \J\Xcount\x (2))\j\c
<hw>county borough</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IPolit\i \Ihist.\i a large borough ranking as a county for administrative purposes.
<hw>county corporate</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IPolit\i \Ihist.\i a city or town ranking as an administrative county.
<hw>county council</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i the elected governing body of an administrative county. \Bcounty councillor\b\p\In.\i\p\Knew deriv. in COD9 f. corpus, COD box Sep 93\k
<hw>county court</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i a judicial court for civil cases (in the US for civil and criminal cases).
<hw>county cricket</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ICricket\i cricket matches between teams representing counties.
<hw>county family</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b an aristocratic family with an ancestral seat in a county.
<hw>County Palatine</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Ihist.\i the territory of a Count or Earl Palatine.
<hw>county school</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IEducation\i (in the UK) a school that is established and funded by the local education authority.\Knew f. corpus Sept 94\k
<hw>county town</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Bcounty seat)\b \IPolit\i the administrative capital of a county.
<hw>coup</hw> \K/ku:/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bcoups\b \K/ku:z/\k)\p\B1\b a notable or successful stroke or move.\p\B2\b = \J\Xcoup d'Θtat\x.\j\p\B3\b \IBilliards\i a direct pocketing of the cue ball. \BEtymology:\b \3French from medieval Latin \Icolpus\i 'blow': see \J\Xcope\x (1)\j\c
\B\Icoup de foudre\b\i \K/ku: d\F'\n "fu:dr(\F'\n)/, French /ku d\F'\n fudr/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B\Icoups de foudre\b\i \Ipronunc.\i same)\p\B1\b a sudden unforeseen event.\p\B2\b love at first sight.\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3French, literally 'stroke of lightning'\c
\B\Icoup de grΓce\b\i \K/ku: d\F'\n "grA:s/, French /ku d\F'\n gras/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B\Icoups de grΓce\b\i \Ipronunc.\i same) a finishing stroke, esp. to kill a wounded animal or person. \BEtymology:\b \3French, literally 'stroke of grace'\c
\B\Icoup de main\b\i \K/ku: d\F'\n "ma~/, French /ku d\F'\n mE~/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B\Icoups de main\b\i \Ipronunc.\i same) a sudden vigorous attack. \BEtymology:\b \3French, literally 'stroke of hand'\c
\B\Icoup d'Θtat\b\i \K/ku: deI"tA:/, French /ku deta/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B\Icoups d'Θtat\b\i \Ipronunc.\i same) \IPolit\i a violent or illegal seizure of power. \BEtymology:\b \3French, literally 'blow of State'\c
\B\Icoup d'£il\b\i \K/ku: "dOI/, French /ku d9j/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B\Icoups d'£il\b\i \Ipronunc.\i same)\p\B1\b a comprehensive glance.\p\B2\b a general view. \BEtymology:\b \3French, literally 'stroke of eye'\c
<hw>coupe</hw> \K/ku:p/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i\p\B1\b a shallow glass or dish used for serving fruit, ice cream, etc.\p\B2\b fruit, ice cream, etc. served in this. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = goblet\c
<hw>coupΘ</hw> \K/"ku:peI/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Bcoupe\b \K/ku:p/\k) \ITransport\i\p\B1\b a car with a hard roof, esp. one with two seats and a sloping rear.\p\B2\b \Ihist.\i a four-wheeled enclosed carriage for two passengers and a driver. \BEtymology:\b \3French, past part. of \Icouper\i 'cut' (formed as \J\Xcoup\x)\j\c
<hw>couple</hw> \K/"kVp(\F'\n)l/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bof;\b\i \Ioften treated as \Bsing.)\b\i \Ba\b two \3(a couple of girls).\c \Bb\b about two \3(a couple of hours).\c\p\B2\b \I(often treated as \Bsing.)\b\i \Ba\b a married, engaged, or similar pair. \Bb\b a pair of partners in a dance, a game, etc. \Bc\b a pair of rafters.\p\B3\b \IHunting\i \I(pl.\i \Bcouple)\b a pair of hunting dogs \3(six couple of hounds).\c\p\B4\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \IHunting\i a pair of joined collars used for holding hounds together.\p\B5\b \IMech.\i a pair of equal and parallel forces acting in opposite directions, and tending to cause rotation about an axis perpendicular to the plane containing them.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i fasten or link together; connect (esp. railway carriages).\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \I(often foll. by \Btogether,\b \Bwith)\b\i associate in thought or speech \3(papers coupled their names;\c \2couple our congratulations with our best wishes).\c\p\B3\b \Itr. & intr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bwith,\b \Bup (with)\b\i bring or come together as companions or partners.\K3 new in COD9 f. NSOED, COD box, corpus, Incomings Sep 93\k\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i \IBiol\i copulate.\p\B5\b \Itr.\i \IPhysics\i connect (oscillators) with a coupling. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icople,\i \Icuple,\i \Icopler,\i \Icupler\i from Latin \Icopulare,\i Latin \J\Xcopula\x\j\c
<hw>coupler</hw> \K/"kVpl\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMus.\i \Ba\b a device in an organ for connecting two manuals, or a manual with pedals, so that they both sound when only one is played. \Bb\b (also \Boctave coupler)\b a similar device for connecting notes with their octaves above or below.\p\B2\b \I\Iesp.\i Electr\i anything that connects two things, esp. a transformer used for connecting electric circuits.
<hw>couplet</hw> \K/"kVplIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IProsody\i two successive lines of verse, usu. rhyming and of the same length. \BEtymology:\b \3French, diminutive of \Icouple\i \J\Xcouple\x\j\c
<hw>coupling</hw> \K/"kVplIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \I\Iesp.\i Railways\i a link connecting railway carriages etc. \Bb\b \IMech\i a device for connecting parts of machinery.\p\B2\b \IPhysics\i a connection between two systems, causing one to oscillate when the other does so.\p\B3\b \IMus.\i \Ba\b the arrangement of items on a gramophone record. \Bb\b each such item.
<hw>coupon</hw> \K/"ku:pQn/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a form in a newspaper, magazine, etc., which may be filled in and sent as an application for a purchase, information, etc.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b an entry form for a football pool or other competition.\p\B3\b a voucher given with a retail purchase, a certain number of which entitle the holder to a discount etc.\p\B4\b \Ba\b a detachable ticket entitling the holder to a ration of food, clothes, etc., esp. in wartime. \Bb\b a similar ticket entitling the holder to payment, goods, services, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = piece cut off, from \Icouper\i 'cut': see \J\XcoupΘ\x\j\c
<hw>courage</hw> \K/"kVrIdZ/\k\p\In.\i\pthe ability to disregard fear; bravery.\p\1have the courage of one's convictions\c have the courage to act on one's beliefs.\p\1lose courage\c become less brave.\p\1pluck up (or take) courage\c muster one's courage.\p\1take one's courage in both hands\c nerve oneself to a venture. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icorage\i from Latin \Icor\i 'heart'\c
<hw>courageous</hw> \K/k\F'\n"reIdZ\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i brave, fearless. \Bcourageously\b \Iadv.\i \Bcourageousness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Anglo-French \Icorageous,\i Old French \Icorageus\i (as \J\Xcourage\x)\j\c
<hw>courante</hw> \K/kU"rQ~(n)t/, /-rA:nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IDancing\i \Ihist.\i a running or gliding dance.\p\B2\b \IMus.\i the music used for this, esp. as a movement of a suite. \BEtymology:\b \3French, fem. pres. part. (used as a noun) of \Icourir\i 'run', from Latin \Icurrere\i\c
<hw>courgette</hw> \K/kU\F'\n"ZEt/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IBot Food\i a small green variety of vegetable marrow. \IAlso called\i \J\Xzucchini\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3French, diminutive of \Icourge\i 'gourd'\c
<hw>courier</hw> \K/"kUrI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person employed, usu. by a travel company, to guide and assist a group of tourists.\p\B2\b a special messenger. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via French from Italian \Icorriere,\i and from Old French \Icoreor,\i both from Latin \Icurrere\i 'run'\c
<hw>course</hw> \K/kO:s/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a continuous onward movement or progression.\p\B2\b \Ba\b a line along which a person or thing moves; a direction taken \3(has changed course;\c \2the course of the winding river).\c \Bb\b a correct or intended direction or line of movement. \Bc\b \INaut Aeron\i the direction taken by a ship or aircraft.\p\B3\b \ISport\i \Ba\b the ground on which a race (or other sport involving extensive linear movement) takes place. \Bb\b a series of fences, hurdles, or other obstacles to be crossed in a race etc.\p\B4\b \IEducation\i \Ba\b a series of lectures, lessons, etc., in a particular subject. \Bb\b a book for such a course \3(A Modern French Course).\c\p\B5\b \IFood\i any of the successive parts of a meal.\p\B6\b \IMed.\i a sequence of medical treatment etc. \3(prescribed a course of antibiotics).\c\p\B7\b a line of conduct \3(disappointed by the course he took).\c\p\B8\b \IArchit.\i a continuous horizontal layer of brick, stone, etc., in a building.\p\B9\b a channel in which water flows.\p\B10\b \IHunting\i the pursuit of game (esp. hares) with hounds, esp. greyhounds, by sight rather than scent.\p\B11\b \INaut.\i a sail on a square-rigged ship \3(fore course;\c \2main course).\c\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i (esp. of liquid) run, esp. fast \3(blood coursed through his veins).\c\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \I(also \Babsol.)\b\i \IHunting\i \Ba\b use (hounds) to hunt. \Bb\b pursue (hares etc.) in hunting.\p\1the course of nature\c ordinary events or procedure.\p\1in course of\c in the process of.\p\1in the course of\c during.\p\1in the course of time\c as time goes by; eventually.\p\1of course\c naturally; as is or was to be expected; admittedly.\p\1on (or off) course\c following (or deviating from) the desired direction or goal.\p\1run (or take) its course\c (esp. of an illness) complete its natural development. \Bcourser\b\p\In.\i\p\IHunting\i (in sense 2 of \Iv.).\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icours\i from Latin \Icursus,\i from \Icurrere curs-\i 'run'\c
<hw>coursebook</hw> \K/"kO:sbUk/\k\p\In.\i\p\IEducation\i a book designed for use on a particular course of study.\Knew in COD9 f. Incomings, corpus Sep 93\k
<hw>courser (1)</hw> \K/"kO:s\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Ipoet.\i a swift horse. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icorsier\i from Romanic\c
<hw>courser (2)</hw> \K/"kO:s\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i any fast-running plover-like bird of the genus \ICursorius,\i native to Africa and Asia, having long legs and a slender bill. \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Icursorius\i 'adapted for running'\c
<hw>coursework</hw> \K/"kO:sw\F'\n:k/\k\p\In.\i\p\IEducation\i the work done during a course of study, esp. when counting towards a student's final assessment.\Knew in COD9 f. corpus, Incomings Sep 93\k
<hw>court</hw> \K/kO:t/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b (in full \Bcourt of law)\b \ILaw\i \Ba\b a body of persons presided over by a judge, judges, or a magistrate, and acting as a tribunal in civil and criminal cases. \Bb\b = \J\Xcourtroom\x.\j\p\B2\b \ISport\i \Ba\b an enclosed quadrangular area for games, which may be open or covered \3(tennis court;\c \2squash court).\c \Bb\b \ITennis\i an area marked out for tennis etc. \3(hit the ball out of court).\c\p\B3\b \Ba\b a small enclosed street in a town, having a yard surrounded by houses, and adjoining a larger street. \Bb\b \BBrit.\b = \J\Xcourtyard\x.\j \Bc\b \B(Court)\b the name of a large house, block of flats, street, etc. \3(Grosvenor Court).\c \Bd\b \IEducation\i (at Cambridge University) a college quadrangle. \Be\b a subdivision of a building, usu. a large hall extending to the ceiling with galleries and staircases.\p\B4\b \IPolit\i \Ba\b the establishment, retinue, and courtiers of a sovereign. \Bb\b a sovereign and his or her councillors, constituting a ruling power. \Bc\b a sovereign's residence. \Bd\b an assembly held by a sovereign; a state reception.\p\B5\b attention paid to a person whose favour, love, or interest is sought \3(paid court to her).\c\p\B6\b \Ba\b the qualified members of a company or a corporation. \Bb\b \BBrit.\b (in some Friendly Societies) a local branch. \Bc\b a meeting of a court. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b try to win the affection or favour of (a person). \Bb\b pay amorous attention to \I(also \Babsol.:\b\i \2courting couples).\c\p\B2\b seek to win (applause, fame, etc.).\p\B3\b invite (misfortune) by one's actions \3(you are courting disaster).\c\p\1go to court\c \ILaw\i take legal action.\p\1in court\c \ILaw\i appearing as a party or an advocate in a court of law.\p\1out of court\c \ILaw\i\p\B1\b (of a plaintiff) not entitled to be heard.\p\B2\b (of a settlement) arranged before a hearing or judgement can take place.\p\B3\b not worthy of consideration \3(that suggestion is out of court).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Anglo-French \Icurt,\i Old French \Icort,\i ultimately from Latin \Icohors,\i \I-hortis\i 'yard, retinue': the verb influenced by Old Italian \Icorteare,\i Old French \Icourtoyer\i\c
\B\Icourt bouillon\b\i \K/kO:t "bu:jQn/, French /kur bujO~/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i stock usu. made from wine, vegetables, etc., often used in fish dishes. \BEtymology:\b \3French from \Icourt\i 'short' + \J\Xbouillon\x\j\c
<hw>court card</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ICards\i a playing card that is a king, queen, or jack. \BEtymology:\b \3originally \Icoat card,\i from the decorative dress of the figures depicted\c
<hw>court circular</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b a daily report of royal court affairs, published in some newspapers.
<hw>court dress</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IFashion\i formal dress worn at a royal court.
<hw>courteous</hw> \K/"k\F'\n:tj\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i polite, kind, or considerate in manner; well-mannered. \Bcourteously\b \Iadv.\i \Bcourteousness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icorteis,\i \Icurteis\i from Romanic (as \J\Xcourt\x):\j assimilated to words ending in \J\X-ous\x\j\c
<hw>courtesan</hw> \K/kO:tI"zan/\k\p\In.\i\p\Iliterary\i\p\B1\b a prostitute, esp. one with wealthy or upper-class clients.\p\B2\b the mistress of a wealthy man. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icourtisane\i from Italian \Icortigiana,\i fem. of \Icortigiano\i 'courtier', from \Icorte\i \J\Xcourt\x\j\c
<hw>courtesy</hw> \K/"k\F'\n:tIsi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b courteous behaviour; good manners.\p\B2\b a courteous act.\p\B3\b \Iarchaic\i = \J\Xcurtsy\x.\j\p\1by courtesy\c by favour, not by right.\p\1by courtesy of\c with the formal permission of (a person etc.). \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Icurtesie,\i \Ico(u)rtesie,\i from \Icurteis\i etc. \J\Xcourteous\x\j\c
<hw>courtesy light</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMotoring\i a light in a car that is switched on by opening a door.
<hw>courtesy title</hw>\p\In.\i\pa title held by courtesy, usu. having no legal validity, e.g. a title given to the heir of a duke etc.
<hw>courthouse</hw> \K/"kO:thaUs/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ILaw\i a building in which a judicial court is held.\p\B2\b \BUS\b a building containing the administrative offices of a county.
<hw>courtier</hw> \K/"kO:tI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pa person who attends or frequents a sovereign's court. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Anglo-French \Icourte(i)our,\i from Old French, from \Icortoyer\i 'be present at court'\c
<hw>Court leet</hw> \Isee\i \J\Xleet\x (1) 1.\j
<hw>courtly</hw> \K/"kO:tli/\k \Iadj.\i \B(courtlier,\b \Bcourtliest)\b\p\B1\b polished or refined in manners.\p\B2\b obsequious.\p\B3\b punctilious. \Bcourtliness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xcourt\x\j\c
<hw>courtly love</hw>\p\In.\i\pthe conventional medieval tradition of knightly love for a lady, and the etiquette used in its (esp. literary) expression.
<hw>court martial</hw> \K/kO:t "mA:S(\F'\n)l/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\ILaw Mil\i \I(pl.\i \Bcourts martial)\b a judicial court for trying members of the armed services. \Iv.tr.\i \B(court-martial)\b \ILaw Mil\i \B(-martialled,\b \B-martialling;\b \BUS\b \B-martialed,\b \B-martialing)\b try by a court martial.
<hw>Court of Appeal</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \BCourt of appeals)\b \ILaw\i a court of law hearing appeals against judgements in the Crown Court, High Court, County Court, etc.
<hw>court of first instance</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i a court of primary jurisdiction.
<hw>court of law</hw> \Isee\i \J\Xcourt\x\p\In.\i\p1.\j
<hw>Court of Protection</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i (in the UK) the department of the Supreme Court attending to the affairs of the mentally unfit.
<hw>court of record</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i a court whose proceedings are recorded and available as evidence of fact.
<hw>court of review</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i a court before which sentences etc. come for revision.
<hw>Court of Session</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i the supreme civil court in Scotland.
<hw>Court of St James's</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i the British sovereign's court.
<hw>court of summary jurisdiction</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ILaw\i a court having the authority to use summary proceedings and arrive at a judgement or conviction.
<hw>court order</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i a direction issued by a court or a judge, usu. requiring a person to do or not do something.
<hw>court plaster</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IMed\i \Ihist.\i sticking plaster for cuts etc. \BEtymology:\b \3formerly used by ladies at court for face-patches\c
<hw>court roll</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \Ihist.\i a manorial court register of holdings.
<hw>courtroom</hw> \K/"kO:tru:m/, /-rUm/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i the place or room in which a court of law meets.
<hw>courtship</hw> \K/"kO:tSIp/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b courting with a view to marriage. \Bb\b the courting behaviour of male animals, birds, etc. \Bc\b a period of courting.\p\B2\b an attempt, often protracted, to gain advantage by flattery, attention, etc.
<hw>court shoe</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IFashion\i a woman's light, usu. high-heeled, shoe with a low-cut upper.
<hw>court tennis</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b \ITennis\i real tennis.
<hw>courtyard</hw> \K/"kO:tjA:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\IArchit\i an area enclosed by walls or buildings, often opening off a street.
<hw>couscous</hw> \K/"kUskUs/, /"ku:sku:s/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i\p\B1\b a type of N. African semolina in granules made from crushed durum wheat.\p\B2\b a spicy dish of this, usu. with meat or fruit added.\Ksense 1 new in COD9 f. NSOED Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3French from Arabic \Ikuskus,\i from \Ikaskasa\i 'to pound'\c
<hw>cousin</hw> \K/"kVz(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b (also \Bfirst cousin,\b \Bcousin german\b \I(pl.\i \Bcousins german)\b) \IGenealogy\i a child of one's uncle or aunt.\p\B2\b \I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i applied to the people of kindred races or nations \3(our American cousins).\c\p\B3\b \Ihist.\i a title formerly used by a sovereign in addressing another sovereign or a noble of his or her own country.\p\1first cousin once removed\c\p\B1\b a child of one's first cousin.\p\B2\b one's parent's first cousin.\p\1first cousin twice removed\c\p\B1\b a grandchild of one's first cousin.\p\B2\b one's grandparent's first cousin.\p\1second cousin\c a child of one's parent's first cousin.\p\1second cousin once removed\c\p\B1\b a child of one's second cousin.\p\B2\b one's parent's second cousin.\p\1third cousin\c a child of one's parent's second cousin. \Bcousinhood\b\p\In.\i\p\Bcousinly\b \Iadj.\i \Bcousinship\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icosin,\i \Icusin,\i from Latin \Iconsobrinus\i 'mother's sister's child'\c
<hw>couth</hw> \K/ku:T/\k \Iadj.\i \Ijoc.\i cultured; well-mannered. \BEtymology:\b \3back-formation as antonym of \J\Xuncouth\x\j\c
<hw>couture</hw> \K/ku:"tjU\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFashion\i the design and manufacture of fashionable clothes; = \J\Xhaute couture\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3French, = sewing, dressmaking\c
<hw>couturier</hw> \K/ku:"tjU\F'\nrIeI/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(fem.\i \BcouturiΦre\b \K/-rI"E:/\k) \IFashion\i a fashion designer or dressmaker. \BEtymology:\b \3French\c
<hw>couvade</hw> \K/ku:"vA:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnthropol\i a custom in some cultures by which a man takes to his bed and goes through certain rituals when his child is being born. \BEtymology:\b \3French, via \Icouver\i 'hatch' from Latin \Icubare\i 'lie down'\c
<hw>couverture</hw> \K/"ku:v\F'\ntjU\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ICookery\i chocolate for covering sweets, cakes, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = covering\c
<hw>covalency</hw> \K/k\F'\nU"veIl(\F'\n)nsi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i\p\B1\b the linking of atoms by a covalent bond.\p\B2\b the number of pairs of electrons an atom can share with another.
<hw>covalent</hw> \K/k\F'\nU"veIl(\F'\n)nt/\k \Iadj.\i \IChem.\i relating to, designating, or characterized by chemical bonds formed by the sharing of electrons, usu. in pairs, by two atoms in a molecule. \Bcovalence\b\p\In.\i\p\Bcovalently\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xco-\x\j + \Ivalent,\i on the pattern of \Itrivalent\i etc.\c
<hw>cove (1)</hw> \K/k\F'\nUv/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IGeog\i a small, esp. sheltered, bay or creek.\p\B2\b a sheltered recess.\p\B3\b \IArchit.\i \IBuilding\i a concave arch or arched moulding, esp. one formed at the junction of a wall with a ceiling. \Iv.tr.\i \IArchit.\i \IBuilding\i\p\B1\b provide (a room, ceiling, etc.) with a cove.\p\B2\b slope (the sides of a fireplace) inwards. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Icofa\i 'chamber', from Germanic\c
<hw>cove (2)</hw> \K/k\F'\nUv/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \Islang\i a fellow; a chap. \BEtymology:\b \316th-c.: perhaps from Romany \Ikova\i 'thing, person'\c
<hw>coven</hw> \K/"kVv(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\pa group of witches. \BEtymology:\b \3variant of \Icovent;\i see \J\Xconvent\x\j\c
<hw>covenant</hw> \K/"kVv(\F'\n)n\F'\nnt/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an agreement; a contract.\p\B2\b \ILaw\i \Ba\b a contract drawn up under a seal, esp. undertaking to make regular payments to a charity. \Bb\b a clause of a covenant.\p\B3\b \B(Covenant)\b \IBibl.\i the agreement between God and the Israelites (see \J\XArk of the Covenant\x).\j \Iv.tr. & intr.\i agree, esp. by legal covenant. \Bcovenantal\b \K/-"nant(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Bcovenantor\b\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcovenanter).\b \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French, pres. part. of \Ico(n)venir,\i formed as \J\Xconvene\x\j\c
<hw>covenanted</hw> \K/"kVv(\F'\n)n\F'\nntId/\k \Iadj.\i bound by a covenant.
<hw>covenanter</hw> \K/"kVv(\F'\n)n\F'\nnt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ivar. of\i \J\Xcovenantor\x\j \I(see\i \J\Xcovenant\x).\j\p\B2\b \Kalso /kVv\F'\n"nant\F'\n/\k \B(Covenanter)\b \Ihist.\i an adherent of the National Covenant of the Solemn League and Covenant in 17th-c. Scotland, in support of Presbyterianism.
<hw>Coventry</hw> \K/"kQv(\F'\n)ntri/, /"kVv-/\k\p\In.\i\p\1send a person to Coventry\c \Besp. Brit.\b refuse to associate with or speak to a person. \BEtymology:\b \3\ICoventry,\i a city in the W. Midlands: origin of the phrase uncertain\c
<hw>cover</hw> \K/"kVv\F'\n/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i protect or conceal by means of a cloth, lid, etc.\p\B2\b \Ba\b extend over; occupy the whole surface of \3(covered in dirt;\c \2covered with writing).\c \Bb\b \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i strew thickly or thoroughly \3(covered the floor with straw).\c \Bc\b lie over; be a covering to \3(the blanket scarcely covered him).\c\p\B3\b \Ba\b protect; clothe. \Bb\b (as \Bcovered\b \Iadj.)\i wearing a hat; having a roof.\p\B4\b include; comprise; deal with \3(the talk covered recent discoveries).\c\p\B5\b travel (a specified distance) \3(covered sixty miles).\c\p\B6\b \IJournalism\i \Ba\b report (events, a meeting, etc.). \Bb\b investigate as a reporter.\p\B7\b be enough to defray (expenses, a bill, etc.) \3(ú20 should cover it).\c\p\B8\b \Ba\b \Irefl.\i take precautionary measures so as to protect oneself \3(had covered myself by saying I might be late).\c \Bb\b \I\B(absol.;\b\i \Ifoll. by \Bfor)\b\i deputize or stand in for (a colleague etc.) \3(will you cover for me?).\c\p\B9\b \IMil.\i \Ba\b aim a gun etc. at. \Bb\b (of a fortress, guns, etc.) command (a territory). \Bc\b stand behind (a person in the front rank). \Bd\b protect (an exposed person etc.) by being able to return fire.\p\B10\b \Ba\b \Iesp. Cricket\i stand behind (another player) to stop any missed balls. \Bb\b (in team games) mark (a corresponding player of the other side).\p\B11\b \I(also \Babsol.)\b\i \ICards\i (in some card games) play a card higher than (one already played to the same trick).\p\B12\b make a cover version of (a song etc.)\Ksense 12 new f. OERD Jun 94\k\p\B13\b (of a stallion, a bull, etc.) copulate with.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b something that covers or protects, esp.: \Ba\b a lid. \Bb\b the binding of a book. \Bc\b either board of this. \Bd\b an envelope or the wrapper of a parcel \3(under separate cover).\c \Be\b the outer case of a pneumatic tyre. \Bf\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i bedclothes.\p\B2\b a hiding place; a shelter.\p\B3\b \IHunting Ecol\i woods or undergrowth sheltering game or covering the ground (cf. \J\Xcovert\x\p\In.\i\p1).\j\p\B4\b \Ba\b a pretence; a screen \3(under cover of humility).\c \Bb\b a spy's pretended identity or activity, intended as concealment. \Bc\b \IMil.\i a supporting force protecting an advance party from attack.\p\B5\b \BBrit.\b \ICommerce\i \Ba\b funds, esp. obtained by insurance, to meet a liability or secure against a contingent loss. \Bb\b the state of being so protected \3(third-party cover).\c\p\B6\b a place setting at table, esp. in a restaurant.\p\B7\b \ICricket\i = \J\Xcover point\x.\j\p\B8\b (in full \Bcover version)\b \IMus.\i a recording of a previously recorded song etc., made esp. to take advantage of the original's success.\K8 new in COD9 f. NSOED Sep 93\k\p\1break cover\c \IHunting\i (of an animal, esp. game, or a hunted person) leave a place of shelter, esp. vegetation.\p\Bcover in\b provide with a roof etc.\p\1cover one's tracks\c conceal evidence of what one has done.\p\Bcover up\b\p\B1\b completely cover or conceal.\p\B2\b \ICriminol\i conceal (circumstances etc., esp. illicitly) \I(also \Babsol.:\b\i \2refused to cover up for them).\c\p\1from cover to cover\c from beginning to end of a book etc.\p\1take cover\c use a natural or prepared shelter against an attack. \Bcoverable\b \Iadj.\i\Kcoverer omitted Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icovrir,\i \Icuvrir\i from Latin \Icooperire\i (as \J\Xco-\x,\j \Ioperire opert-\i 'cover')\c
<hw>coverage</hw> \K/"kVv(\F'\n)rIdZ/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an area or an amount covered.\p\B2\b \IJournalism\i the amount of media publicity received by a particular story, person, etc.\p\B3\b \ICommerce\i a risk covered by an insurance policy.\p\B4\b \IBroadcasting etc.\i an area reached by a particular broadcasting station or advertising medium.
<hw>coverall</hw> \K/"kVv\F'\nrO:l/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b something that covers entirely.\p\B2\b \I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i a full-length protective outer garment often zipped up the front. \Iattrib.adj.\i covering entirely \3(a coverall term).\c
<hw>cover charge</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i an extra charge levied per head in a restaurant, nightclub, etc.
<hw>cover crop</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAgriculture\i a crop grown for the protection and enrichment of the soil.
<hw>cover drive</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICricket\i a drive past cover point.
<hw>cover girl</hw>\p\In.\i\pa female model whose picture appears on magazine covers etc.
<hw>covering</hw> \K/"kVv(\F'\n)rIN/\k\p\In.\i\psomething that covers, esp. a bedspread, blanket, etc., or clothing.
<hw>covering letter</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcovering note)\b an explanatory letter (or note) sent with an enclosure.
<hw>coverlet</hw> \K/"kVv\F'\nlIt/\k\p\In.\i\pa bedspread. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Anglo-French \Icovrelet,\i \I-lit\i from Old French \Icovrir\i 'cover' + \Ilit\i 'bed'\c
<hw>cover letter</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b = \J\Xcovering letter\x.\j\Knew f. incomings, Kpb Oct 94\k
<hw>cover note</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ICommerce\i a temporary certificate of current insurance.
<hw>cover point</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICricket\i\p\B1\b a fielding position on the off side and halfway to the boundary.\p\B2\b a fielder at this position.
<hw>cover slip</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ISci\i a small thin piece of glass used to protect a microscope specimen.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. oct 93\k
<hw>cover story</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IJournalism\i a news story in a magazine, that is illustrated or advertised on the front cover.
<hw>covert</hw> \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i \K/"kVv\F'\nt/, /"k\F'\nUv\F'\n:t/\k secret or disguised \3(a covert glance;\c \2covert operations).\c\p\In.\i\p\K/"kVv\F'\nt/, /"kVv\F'\n/\k\p\B1\b \Iesp. Hunting\i a shelter, esp. a thicket hiding game.\p\B2\b \IZool\i a feather covering the base of a bird's flight feather. \Bcovertly\b \Iadv.\i \Bcovertness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Icovert,\i past part. of \Icovrir\i \J\Xcover\x\j\c
<hw>covert coat</hw> \K/"kVv\F'\nt/, /"kVv\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IFashion\i a short light overcoat worn for shooting, riding, etc.
<hw>coverture</hw> \K/"kVv\F'\ntjU\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b covering; shelter.\p\B2\b \ILaw\i \Ihist.\i the position of a married woman, considered to be under her husband's protection. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French (as \J\Xcovert\x)\j\c
<hw>cover-up</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICriminol\i an act of concealing circumstances, esp. illicitly.
<hw>covet</hw> \K/"kVvIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(coveted,\b \Bcoveting)\b desire greatly (esp. something belonging to another person) \3(coveted her friend's earrings).\c \Bcovetable\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icu-,\i \Icoveitier\i from Romanic: related to \J\Xcupidity\x\j\c
<hw>covetous</hw> \K/"kVvIt\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bof)\b\i\p\B1\b greatly desirous (esp. of another person's property).\p\B2\b grasping, avaricious. \Bcovetously\b \Iadv.\i \Bcovetousness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icoveitous\i from Gallo-Roman\c
<hw>covey</hw> \K/"kVvi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-eys)\b\p\B1\b \IZool\i a brood or flock of partridges.\p\B2\b a small party or group of people or things. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icovee\i and Romanic from Latin \Icubare\i 'lie'\c
<hw>covin</hw> \K/"kVvIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ILaw\i a conspiracy to commit a crime etc. against a third party.\p\B2\b \Iarchaic\i fraud, deception. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icovin(e)\i from medieval Latin \Iconvenium -ia,\i from \Iconvenire:\i see \J\Xconvene\x\j\c
<hw>cow (1)</hw> \K/kaU/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool\i \Ba\b a fully grown female of any bovine animal, esp. of the genus \IBos,\i used as a source of milk and beef. \Bb\b a domestic bovine animal (regardless of sex or age).\K1b new in COD9 f. NSOED Sep 93\k \Bc\b a female domestic bovine animal which has borne a calf \I(cf.\i \J\Xheifer\x 1).\j\Ksense 1c new f. file Jun 94\k\p\B2\b \IZool\i the female of other large animals, esp. the elephant, whale, and seal.\p\B3\b \Icolloq.\i \Iderog.\i \Ba\b a woman, esp. a coarse or unpleasant one. \Bb\b \BAustral.\b & \BNZ\b an unpleasant person, thing, situation, etc.\p\1till the cows come home\c \Icolloq.\i for an indefinitely long time. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Icu\i from Germanic, related to Latin \Ibos,\i Greek \Ibous\i\c
<hw>cow (2)</hw> \K/kaU/\k \Iv.tr.\i \I(usu. in \Bpassive)\b\i intimidate or dispirit \3(cowed by ill-treatment).\c \BEtymology:\b \3probably from Old Norse \Ik·ga\i 'oppress'\c
<hw>cowabunga</hw> \K/kaU\F'\n"bVNg\F'\n/, /kA:w\F'\n-/\k \Iint.\i \Islang\i expressing delight or satisfaction, or as a call to action.\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3probably fanciful\c
<hw>cowage</hw> \K/"kaUIdZ/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcowhage)\b \IBot\i a leguminous climbing plant, Mucuna pruriens, having hairy pods which cause stinging and itching. \BEtymology:\b \3Hindi \Ikawanch\i\c
<hw>coward</hw> \K/"kaU\F'\nd/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\pa person who is easily frightened or intimidated by danger or pain. \Iadj.\i \Ipoet.\i easily frightened. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Icuard,\i \Icouard,\i ultimately from Latin \Icauda\i 'tail': perhaps suggested by a frightened animal with its tail between its legs\c
<hw>cowardice</hw> \K/"kaU\F'\ndIs/\k\p\In.\i\pa lack of bravery. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Icouardise\i (as \J\Xcoward\x)\j\c
<hw>cowardly</hw> \K/"kaU\F'\ndli/\k \Iadj. & adv.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of or like a coward; lacking courage.\p\B2\b (of an action) done against a person who cannot retaliate. \Iadv.\i \Iarchaic\i like a coward; with cowardice. \Bcowardliness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>cowardy</hw> \K/"kaU\F'\ndi/\k \Iadj.\i \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i cowardly (esp. in the children's taunt \Bcowardy custard).\b\Knew f. SOED Sep 93\k
<hw>cowbell</hw> \K/"kaUbEl/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a bell worn round a cow's neck for easy location of the animal.\p\B2\b \IMus\i a similar bell used as a percussion instrument.
<hw>cowberry</hw> \K/"kaUb(\F'\n)ri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IBot\i\p\B1\b an evergreen shrub, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, bearing dark red berries.\p\B2\b the berry of this plant.
<hw>cowbird</hw> \K/"kaUb\F'\n:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i any of several N. American orioles which often eat insects stirred up by grazing cattle, esp. the brown-plumaged Molothrus ater, which lays its eggs in other birds' nests.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k
<hw>cowboy</hw> \K/"kaUbOI/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \I(fem.\i \Bcowgirl)\b a (usu. mounted) person who herds and tends cattle, esp. in the western US.\p\B2\b \I(fem.\i \Bcowgirl)\b \ICinematog.\i this as a conventional figure in American folklore, esp. in films.\p\B3\b \ICommerce\i \Icolloq.\i an unscrupulous or reckless person in business, esp. an unqualified one.
<hw>cowcatcher</hw> \K/"kaUkatS\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b \ITransport Railways\i a peaked metal frame at the front of a locomotive for pushing aside obstacles on the line.
<hw>cower</hw> \K/"kaU\F'\n/\k \Iv.intr.\i\p\B1\b crouch or shrink back, esp. in fear; cringe.\p\B2\b stand or squat in a bent position. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Middle Low German \Ikuren\i 'lie in wait', of unknown origin\c
<hw>cowfish</hw> \K/"kaUfIS/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i usu. same) \IZool\i\p\B1\b a marine fish, Lactoria diaphana, covered in hard bony plates and having hornlike spines over the eyes and on other parts of the body.\p\B2\b a manatee or a small cetacean.
<hw>cowgirl</hw> \Isee\i \J\Xcowboy\x 1, 2.\j
<hw>cowhage</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xcowage\x.\j
<hw>cow-heel</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IFood\i the foot of a cow or an ox stewed to a jelly.
<hw>cowherd</hw> \K/"kaUh\F'\n:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAgriculture\i a person who tends cattle.
<hw>cowhide</hw> \K/"kaUhVId/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a cow's hide. \Bb\b \ILeather\i leather made from this.\p\B2\b a leather whip made from cowhide.
<hw>cow-house</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IAgriculture\i a shed or shelter for cows.
<hw>cowl</hw> \K/kaUl/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IClothing\i \Ba\b \IRelig\i the hood of a monk's habit. \Bb\b a loose hood. \Bc\b \IRelig\i a monk's hooded habit. \Bd\b \IRelig\i a cloak with wide sleeves worn by members of Benedictine orders.\K1d new in COD9 f. NSOED, COD box Sep 93\k\p\B2\b the hood-shaped covering of a chimney or ventilating shaft.\p\B3\b the removable cover of a vehicle or aircraft engine. \Bcowled\b \Iadj.\i (in sense 1). \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Icugele,\i \Icule\i via ecclesiastical Latin \Icuculla\i from Latin \Icucullus\i 'hood of a cloak'\c
<hw>cow-lick</hw>\p\In.\i\pa projecting lock of hair.
<hw>cowl neck</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IClothing\i a neck on a woman's garment that hangs in draped folds \I(hyphenated when \Battrib.:\b\i \2cowl-neck sweater).\c\Knew in COD9 f. COD box, corpus, NSOED Sep 93\k
<hw>cowrie</hw> \K/"kaU(\F'\n)ri/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcowry)\b \I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \IZool\i any gastropod mollusc of the family Cypraeidae, having a smooth, glossy, and often brightly coloured shell.\p\B2\b its shell, formerly used as money in parts of Africa and S. Asia. \BEtymology:\b \3Urdu & Hindi \Ikauri\i\c
<hw>co-write</hw> \K/k\F'\nU"rVIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i \I(past\i \Bco-wrote;\b \Ipast part.\i \Bco-written)\b write (a book, song, etc.) together with another person. \Bco-writer\b\p\In.\i\p\Knew in COD9 f. POD, incomings Sep 93\k
<hw>cowshed</hw> \K/"kaUSEd/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAgriculture\i\p\B1\b a shed for cattle that are not at pasture.\p\B2\b a milking shed.
<hw>cowslip</hw> \K/"kaUslIp/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b a primula, Primula veris, with fragrant yellow flowers and growing in pastures.\p\B2\b \BUS\b a marsh marigold. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Icuslyppe,\i from \Icu\i \J\Xcow\x (1)\j + \Islyppe\i 'slimy substance', i.e. cow-dung\c
<hw>cow-tree</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a tropical American tree yielding a juice which looks and tastes like cow's milk, esp. the Venezuelan tree Brosimum utile.
<hw>cow-wheat</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i any plant of the genus \IMelampyrum\i (figwort family), esp. M. pratense, which grows on heathland.
<hw>Cox</hw> \K/kQks/\k\p\In.\i\p(in full \BCox's orange pippin)\b \IBot\i a variety of eating apple with a red-tinged green skin. \BEtymology:\b \3bred by R. \ICox,\i English amateur fruit-grower d. 1845\c
<hw>cox</hw> \K/kQks/\k \In. & v.\i \INaut Rowing\i\p\In.\i\pa coxswain, esp. of a racing boat.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i act as a cox \3(coxed for Cambridge).\c\p\B2\b \Itr.\i act as cox for \3(coxed the winning boat).\c \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation\c
<hw>coxa</hw> \K/"kQks\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bcoxae\b \K/-si:/\k)\p\B1\b \IAnat.\i the hip bone or hip joint.\p\B2\b \IZool.\i \IAnat\i the first or basal segment in the leg in insects etc. \Bcoxal\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin\c
<hw>coxcomb</hw> \K/"kQksk\F'\nUm/\k\p\In.\i\pan ostentatiously conceited man; a dandy. \Bcoxcombry\b \K/-k\F'\nmri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies).\b \BEtymology:\b \3variant of \J\Xcockscomb\x,\j originally (a cap worn by) a jester\c
<hw>coxswain</hw> \K/"kQks(\F'\n)n/, /-sweIn/\k \In. & v.\i \INaut\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IRowing\i the steersman of a ship's boat, lifeboat, racing boat, etc.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b the senior petty officer in a small ship.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i act as a coxswain.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i act as a coxswain of. \Bcoxswainship\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, from \Icock\i (see \J\Xcockboat\x)\j + \J\Xswain\x:\j cf. \J\Xboatswain\x\j\c
<hw>Coy.</hw> \Iabbr.\i \Iesp. Mil.\i Company.
<hw>coy</hw> \K/kOI/\k \Iadj.\i \B(coyer,\b \Bcoyest)\b\p\B1\b archly or affectedly shy.\p\B2\b irritatingly reticent \3(always coy about her age).\c\p\B3\b modest or shy, esp. in sexual matters. \Bcoyly\b \Iadv.\i \Bcoyness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icoi,\i \Iquei\i from Latin \Iquietus\i \J\Xquiet\x\j\c
<hw>coyote</hw> \K/"kOI\F'\nUt/, /kOI"\F'\nUti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i same or \Bcoyotes)\b \IZool\i a wolflike wild dog, Canis latrans, native to N. America. \BEtymology:\b \3Mexican Spanish from Nahuatl \Icoyotl\i\c
<hw>coypu</hw> \K/"kOIpu:/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bcoypus)\b \IZool\i an aquatic beaver-like rodent, Myocastor coypus, native to S. America, naturalized in parts of Europe and the US, and kept in captivity for its fur. \BEtymology:\b \3Araucanian (a Chilean language)\c
<hw>coz</hw> \K/kVz/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGenealogy\i \Iarchaic\i \Bexcept N. Amer.\b cousin. \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation\c
<hw>cozen</hw> \K/"kVz(\F'\n)n/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\Iliterary\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bof,\b \Bout of)\b\i cheat, defraud.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \I(often foll. by \Binto)\b\i beguile; persuade.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i act deceitfully. \Bcozenage\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \316th-c.: perhaps via Italian from Latin \Icocio\i 'dealer'\c
<hw>cozy</hw> \BUS\b \Ivar. of\i \J\Xcosy\x.\j
<hw>CP</hw> \Iabbr.\i\p\B1\b \IPolit\i Communist Party.\p\B2\b \IPolit\i (in South Africa) Conservative Party.\Ksense Country Party omitted: no longer called this Sep 93\k\Ksense 2 new in COD9 f. corresp., corpus, incomings; sense Cape Province omitted Sep 93\k
<hw>cp.</hw> \Iabbr.\i compare.
<hw>c.p.</hw> \Iabbr.\i \ISci\i candlepower.
<hw>Cpl</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IMil\i Corporal.\Kfull stop dropped on corpus evidence and to match L/Cpl Jan 94\k
<hw>CPR</hw> \Iabbr.\i\p\B1\b \IRailways\i Canadian Pacific Railway.\p\B2\b \IMed\i cardiopulmonary resuscitation.\Ksense 2 new f. F. Abate, corpus Nov 94\k
<hw>CPRE</hw> \Iabbr.\i Council for the Protection of Rural England.
<hw>CPS</hw> \Iabbr.\i \ILaw\i (in the UK) Crown Prosecution Service.\Knew in COD9 f. corpus, COD box Sep 93\k
<hw>cps</hw> \Iabbr.\i (also \Bc.p.s.)\b\p\B1\b \IComputing\i characters per second.\p\B2\b \ISci\i cycles per second.
<hw>CPSA</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IIndustry\i (in the UK) Civil and Public Services Association.
<hw>CPU</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IComputing\i central processing unit.
<hw>CR</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IRelig\i Community of the Resurrection.
<hw>Cr</hw> \Isymb.\i \IChem.\i the element chromium.
<hw>crab (1)</hw> \K/krab/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool\i \Ba\b any of numerous ten-footed crustaceans having the first pair of legs modified as pincers. \Bb\b the flesh of a crab, esp. Cancer pagurus, as food.\p\B2\b \B(the Crab)\b \IAstrol Astron\i the zodiacal sign or constellation Cancer.\p\B3\b (in full \Bcrab louse)\b \I(often in \Bpl.)\b\i \IZool\i a parasitic louse, Phthirus pubis, infesting hairy parts of the body and causing extreme irritation.\p\B4\b \IMech\i a machine for hoisting heavy weights.\p\1catch a crab\c \IRowing\i effect a faulty stroke in which the oar is jammed under water or misses the water altogether. \Bcrablike\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Icrabba,\i related to Old Norse \Ikrafla\i 'scratch'\c
<hw>crab (2)</hw> \K/krab/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b (in full \Bcrab apple)\b \IBot\i a small sour apple-like fruit.\p\B2\b (in full \Bcrab tree\b or \Bcrab-apple tree)\b a tree that bears such fruit, esp. the European wild apple, Malus sylvestris.\p\B3\b a sour person. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, perhaps alteration (influenced by \J\Xcrab\x (1)\j or \J\Xcrabbed\x)\j of earlier \Iscrab,\i probably of Scandinavian origin\c
<hw>crab (3)</hw> \K/krab/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B(crabbed,\b \Bcrabbing)\b \Icolloq.\i\p\B1\b \Itr. & intr.\i criticize adversely or captiously; grumble.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i act so as to spoil \3(the mistake crabbed his chances).\c \BEtymology:\b \3originally of hawks fighting, from Middle Low German \Ikrabben\i\c
<hw>crabbed</hw> \K/"krabId/, /krabd/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b = \J\Xcrabby\x 1.\j\p\B2\b (of handwriting) ill-formed and hard to decipher.\p\B3\b perverse or cross-grained.\p\B4\b difficult to understand. \Bcrabbedly\b \Iadv.\i \Bcrabbedness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from \J\Xcrab\x (1),\j associated with \J\Xcrab\x (2)\j\c
<hw>crabgrass</hw> \K/"krabgrA:s/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot.\i a creeping grass, esp. the weed Digitaria sanguinalis.
<hw>crab louse</hw> \Isee\i \J\Xcrab\x (1) 3.\j
<hw>crabmeat</hw> \K/"krabmi:t/\k\p\In.\i\p= \J\Xcrab\x (1) 1b.\j\Knew f. corpus Sep 93\k
<hw>crab pot</hw>\p\In.\i\pa wicker trap for crabs.
<hw>crabwise</hw> \K/"krabwVIz/\k \Iadv. & attrib.adj.\i (of movement) sideways or backwards like a crab.
<hw>crack</hw> \K/krak/\k \In., v., & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a sudden sharp or explosive noise \3(the crack of a whip;\c \2a rifle crack).\c \Bb\b (in a voice) a sudden harshness or change in pitch.\p\B2\b a sharp blow \3(a crack on the head).\c\p\B3\b \Ba\b a narrow opening formed by a break \3(entered through a crack in the wall).\c \Bb\b a partial fracture, with the parts still joined \3(the teacup has a crack in it).\c \Bc\b a chink \3(looked through the crack formed by the door;\c \2a crack of light).\c\p\B4\b \Icolloq.\i a mischievous or malicious remark or aside \3(a nasty crack about my age).\c\p\B5\b \Icolloq.\i an attempt \3(I'll have a crack at it).\c\p\B6\b the exact moment \3(the crack of dawn).\c\p\B7\b \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i a first-rate player, horse, etc.\p\B8\b \BBrit.\b \Idial.\i \Icolloq.\i conversation; good company; fun \3(only went there for the crack).\c\p\B9\b \Islang\i a potent hard crystalline form of cocaine broken into small pieces and inhaled or smoked for its stimulating effect.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr. & intr.\i break without a complete separation of the parts \3(cracked the window;\c \2the cup cracked on hitting the floor).\c\p\B2\b \Iintr. & tr.\i make or cause to make a sudden sharp or explosive sound.\p\B3\b \Iintr. & tr.\i break or cause to break with a sudden sharp sound.\p\B4\b \Iintr. & tr.\i give way or cause to give way (under torture etc.); yield.\p\B5\b \Iintr.\i (of the voice, esp. of an adolescent boy or a person under strain) become dissonant; break.\p\B6\b \Itr.\i \Icolloq.\i find a solution to (a problem, code, etc.).\p\B7\b \Itr.\i say (a joke etc.) in a jocular way.\p\B8\b \Itr.\i \Icolloq.\i hit sharply or hard \3(cracked her head on the ceiling).\c\p\B9\b \Itr.\i \IChem.\i decompose (heavy oils) by heat and pressure with or without a catalyst to produce lighter hydrocarbons (such as petrol).\p\B10\b \Itr.\i break (wheat) into coarse pieces. \Iattrib.adj.\i excellent; first-rate \3(a crack regiment;\c \2a crack shot).\c\p\1crack a bottle\c open a bottle, esp. of wine, and drink it.\p\1crack a crib\c \BBrit.\b \ICriminol\i \Islang\i break into a house.\p\Bcrack down on\b \Icolloq.\i take severe measures against.\p\1cracked up to be\c \Icolloq.\i glowingly asserted to be.\Knew f. corpus, sense 2 of crack up omitted\k\p\1crack of doom\c a peal of thunder announcing the Day of Judgement.\p\Bcrack up\b \Icolloq.\i\p\B1\b collapse under strain.\p\B2\b burst into laughter.\K2 new f. SOED, corpus Dec 94\k\p\1fair crack of the whip\c \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i a fair chance to participate etc.\p\1get cracking\c \Icolloq.\i begin promptly and vigorously.\p\1have a crack at\c \Icolloq.\i attempt. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Icracian\i 'resound'\c
<hw>crackdown</hw> \K/"krakdaUn/\k\p\In.\i\p\Icolloq.\i severe measures (esp. against law-breakers etc.).
<hw>cracked</hw> \K/krakt/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b having cracks.\p\B2\b \I\B(predic.)\b\i \Islang\i crazy.
<hw>cracked wheat</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IFood\i wheat that has been crushed into small pieces.
<hw>cracker</hw> \K/"krak\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a paper cylinder both ends of which are pulled at Christmas etc. making a sharp noise and releasing a small toy etc.\p\B2\b a firework exploding with a sharp noise.\p\B3\b \I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i an instrument for cracking \3(nutcrackers).\c\p\B4\b \ICookery\i \Ba\b a thin dry biscuit often eaten with cheese. \Bb\b a light crisp made of rice or tapioca flour.\K4b new from SOED replacing sense 6 Sep 93\k\p\B5\b \BBrit.\b \Islang\i \Ba\b an attractive person, esp. a woman. \Bb\b a fine example of something \3(a cracker of a match).\c\Ksense 5b new f. incomings, corpus Jun 94\k\p\B6\b \BUS\b \Ioffens.\i = \J\Xpoor white\x.\j
<hw>crackerjack</hw> \K/"krak\F'\ndZak/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \BUS\b \Islang\i \Iadj.\i exceptionally fine or expert.\p\In.\i\pan exceptionally fine thing or person.
<hw>cracking</hw> \K/"krakIN/\k \Iadj. & adv.\i \BBrit.\b \Islang\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b outstanding; very good \3(a cracking performance).\c\p\B2\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i fast and exciting \3(a cracking speed).\c \Iadv.\i outstandingly \3(a cracking good time).\c
<hw>crack-jaw</hw> \Iadj. & n.\i \Icolloq.\i \Iadj.\i (of a word) difficult to pronounce.\p\In.\i\psuch a word.
<hw>crackle</hw> \K/"krak(\F'\n)l/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.intr.\i make a repeated slight cracking sound \3(radio crackled;\c \2fire was crackling).\c\p\In.\i\p\B1\b such a sound.\p\B2\b \IPottery etc.\i \Ba\b paintwork, china, or glass decorated with a pattern of minute surface cracks. \Bb\b the smooth surface of such paintwork etc. \Bcrackly\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xcrack\x\j + \J\X-le\x (4)\j\c
<hw>crackling</hw> \K/"kraklIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ICookery\i the crisp skin of roast pork.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b \Islang\i \Ioffens.\i attractive women regarded collectively as objects of sexual desire.\p\1bit of crackling\c \BBrit.\b \Islang\i \Ioffens.\i an attractive woman.
<hw>cracknel</hw> \K/"krakn(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i a light crisp biscuit. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via French \Icraquelin\i from Middle Dutch \Ikrakelinc,\i from \Ikraken\i \J\Xcrack\x\j\c
<hw>cracksman</hw> \K/"kraksm\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-men)\b \ICriminol\i \Islang\i a burglar, esp. a safe-breaker.
<hw>crack-up</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Icolloq.\i\p\B1\b a mental breakdown.\p\B2\b a car crash.
<hw>crack willow</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a species of willow, Salix fragilis, with brittle branches.
<hw>cracky</hw> \K/"kraki/\k \Iadj.\i covered with cracks.\Kcrackiness omitted Sep 93\k
<hw>-cracy</hw> \K/kr\F'\nsi/\k \Icomb. form\i \IPolit\i denoting a particular form of government, rule, or influence \3(aristocracy;\c \2bureaucracy).\c \BEtymology:\b \3from or suggested by French -\Icratie\i via medieval Latin -\Icratia\i from Greek -\Ikratia,\i from \Ikratos\i 'strength, power'\c
<hw>cradle</hw> \K/"kreId(\F'\n)l/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \IFurniture\i a child's bed or cot, esp. one mounted on rockers. \Bb\b a place in which a thing begins, esp. a civilization etc., or is nurtured in its infancy \3(cradle of choral singing;\c \2cradle of democracy).\c\p\B2\b a framework resembling a cradle, esp.: \Ba\b \INaut\i that on which a ship, a boat, etc., rests during construction or repairs. \Bb\b \IBuilding\i that on which a worker is suspended to work on a ceiling, a ship, the vertical side of a building, etc. \Bc\b \ITelephony\i the part of a telephone on which the receiver rests when not in use. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b contain or shelter as if in a cradle \3(cradled his head in her arms).\c\p\B2\b place in a cradle.\p\1from the cradle\c from infancy.\p\1from the cradle to the grave\c from infancy till death (esp. of state welfare). \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Icradol,\i perhaps related to Old High German \Ikratto\i 'basket'\c
<hw>cradle-snatcher</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Islang\i a person amorously attached to a much younger person.
<hw>cradle song</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMus\i a lullaby.
<hw>cradling</hw> \K/"kreIdlIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\IArchit.\i a wooden or iron framework, esp. one used as a structural support in a ceiling.
<hw>craft</hw> \K/krA:ft/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b skill, esp. in practical arts.\p\B2\b \Ba\b \I(esp. in \Bcomb.)\b\i a trade or an art \3(statecraft;\c \2handicraft;\c \2priestcraft;\c \2the craft of pottery).\c \Bb\b the members of a craft.\p\B3\b \I(pl.\i \Bcraft)\b \Ba\b \INaut\i a boat or vessel. \Bb\b \IAeron\i an aircraft or spacecraft.\p\B4\b cunning or deceit.\p\B5\b \B(the Craft)\b the brotherhood of Freemasons. \Iv.tr.\i make in a skilful way \3(crafted a poem;\c \2a well-crafted piece of work).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Icrµft\i\c
<hw>craft-brother</hw>\p\In.\i\pa fellow worker in the same trade.
<hw>craft guild</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Ihist.\i a guild of workers of the same trade.
<hw>craftsman</hw> \K/"krA:f(t)sm\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-men;\b \Ifem.\i \Bcraftswoman,\b \Ipl.\i \B-women)\b\p\B1\b a skilled and usu. time-served worker.\p\B2\b a person who practises a handicraft.\p\B3\b \BBrit.\b \IMil\i a qualified private soldier in the Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers. \Bcraftsmanship\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, originally \Icraft's man\i\c
<hw>craftsperson</hw> \K/"krA:f(t)sp\F'\n:s(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bcraftspeople)\b a craftsman or craftswoman.
<hw>craftwork</hw> \K/"krA:ftw\F'\n:k/\k\p\In.\i\pwork produced by a craftsperson. \Bcraftworker\b\p\In.\i\p\Knew f. corpus Sep 93\k
<hw>crag (1)</hw> \K/krag/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeog\i a steep or rugged rock. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, of Celtic origin\c
<hw>crag (2)</hw> \K/krag/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IGeol.\i rock consisting of a shelly sand. \BEtymology:\b \318th c.: perhaps from \J\Xcrag\x (1)\j\c
<hw>craggy</hw> \K/"kragi/\k \Iadj.\i \B(craggier,\b \Bcraggiest)\b\p\B1\b (esp. of a person's face) rugged; rough-textured.\p\B2\b (of a landscape) having crags. \Bcraggily\b \Iadv.\i \Bcragginess\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>cragsman</hw> \K/"kragzm\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-men)\b \IMountaineering\i a skilled climber of crags.
<hw>crake</hw> \K/kreIk/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i\p\B1\b a bird of the rail family, esp. a corncrake, or one of the shorter-billed kinds of the genus \IPorzana.\i\p\B2\b the cry of a corncrake. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old Norse \Ikrßka\i (imitative): cf. \J\Xcroak\x\j\c
<hw>cram</hw> \K/kram/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B(crammed,\b \Bcramming)\b\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b fill to bursting; stuff \3(the room was crammed).\c \Bb\b \I(foll. by \Bin,\b \Binto)\b\i force (a thing) into \3(cram the sandwiches into the bag).\c\p\B2\b \Itr. & intr.\i \IEducation\i prepare for an examination by intensive study.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i feed (poultry etc.) to excess.\p\B4\b \Itr. & intr.\i \Icolloq.\i eat greedily.\p\Bcram in\b push in to bursting point \3(crammed in another five minutes' work).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Icrammian,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>crambo</hw> \K/"kramb\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGames\i a game in which a player gives a word or verse-line to which each of the others must find a rhyme. \BEtymology:\b \3earlier \Icrambe,\i apparently allusive from Latin \Icrambe repetita\i 'cabbage served up again', hence 'distasteful rhyming or repetition'\c\Kdumb crambo omitted from COD9 Aug 92\k
<hw>cram-full</hw> \Iadj.\i as full as possible.
<hw>crammer</hw> \K/"kram\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IEducation\i a person or institution that crams pupils for examinations.
<hw>cramp</hw> \K/kramp/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \IMed\i a painful involuntary contraction of a muscle or muscles due to cold, exertion, etc. \Bb\b = \J\Xwriter's cramp\x.\j\p\B2\b (also \Bcramp-iron)\b \IArchit Building\i a metal bar with bent ends for holding masonry etc. together.\p\B3\b \ICarpentry Building\i a portable tool for holding two planks etc. together; a clamp.\p\B4\b a restraint. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b affect with cramp.\p\B2\b confine narrowly.\p\B3\b restrict (energies etc.).\p\B4\b (as \Bcramped\b \Iadj.)\i (of handwriting) small and difficult to read.\p\B5\b fasten with a cramp.\p\1cramp a person's style\c prevent a person from acting freely or naturally.\p\Bcramp up\b confine narrowly. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icrampe\i from Middle Dutch, Middle Low German \Ikrampe,\i Old High German \Ikrampfo,\i from an \Iadj.\i meaning 'bent': cf. \J\Xcrimp\x\j\c
<hw>crampon</hw> \K/"kramp\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i\p\B1\b \IMountaineering etc.\i an iron plate with spikes fixed to a boot for walking on ice, climbing, etc.\p\B2\b \IArchit. etc.\i a metal hook for lifting timber, rock, etc.; a grappling iron.\Kcrampoon omitted Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from French (as \J\Xcramp\x)\j\c
<hw>cran</hw> \K/kran/\k\p\In.\i\p\BSc.\b \IMeasure Commerce Fishing\i a measure for fresh herrings (371/2 gallons). \BEtymology:\b \3Gaelic \Icrann,\i of uncertain origin\c
<hw>cranage</hw> \K/"kreInIdZ/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBuilding Commerce\i\p\B1\b the use of a crane or cranes.\p\B2\b the money paid for this.
<hw>cranberry</hw> \K/"kranb(\F'\n)ri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \IBot\i any evergreen shrub of the genus \IVaccinium,\i esp. V. macrocarpon of America and V. oxycoccos of Europe, yielding small red acid berries.\p\B2\b \ICookery\i a berry from this used for a sauce and in cooking. \IAlso called\i \Ifen-berry.\i \BEtymology:\b \317th c.: named by American colonists from German \IKranbeere,\i Low German \Ikranebere\i 'crane-berry'\c
<hw>crane</hw> \K/kreIn/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMech\i a machine for moving heavy objects, usu. by suspending them from a projecting arm or beam.\p\B2\b \IZool\i a tall bird of the family Gruidae, with long legs, long neck, and straight bill, esp. the grey Grus grus of Europe.\p\B3\b \IPhotog Cinematog\i a moving platform supporting a television camera or cine-camera. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \I(also \Babsol.)\b\i stretch out (one's neck) in order to see something.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i move (an object) by a crane. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Icran,\i related to Latin \Igrus,\i Greek \Igeranos\i\c
<hw>crane-fly</hw>\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-flies)\b \IZool\i a large two-winged fly of the family Tipulidae, with very long legs. \IAlso called\i \Idaddy-long-legs.\i
<hw>cranesbill</hw> \K/"kreInzbIl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i any of various plants of the genus \IGeranium,\i with usu. purple, violet, or pink five-petalled flowers. \BEtymology:\b \3named from the long spur on the fruit, likened to a bird's bill\c
<hw>cranial</hw> \K/"kreInI\F'\nl/\k \Iadj.\i \IAnat\i of or relating to the skull. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xcranium\x\j + \J\X-al\x\j\c
<hw>cranial index</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAnat\i the ratio of the width and length of a skull.
<hw>cranial nerve</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAnat.\i each of twelve pairs of nerves arising directly from the brain, not from the spinal cord.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k
<hw>craniate</hw> \K/"kreInI\F'\nt/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IZool.\i \Iadj.\i having a skull.\p\In.\i\pa craniate animal. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \Icraniatus\i from \J\Xcranium\x\j\c
<hw>craniology</hw> \K/kreInI"Ql\F'\ndZi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnat\i the scientific study of the shape and size of the human skull. \Bcraniological\b \K/kreInI\F'\n"lQdZIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Bcraniologist\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>craniometry</hw> \K/kreInI"QmItri/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnat\i the scientific measurement of skulls. \Bcraniometric\b \K/-nI\F'\n"mEtrIk/\k \Iadj.\i
<hw>craniotomy</hw> \K/kreInI"Qt\F'\nmi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \ISurgery\i\p\B1\b surgical removal of a portion of the skull.\p\B2\b surgical perforation of the skull of a dead foetus to ease delivery.
<hw>cranium</hw> \K/"kreInI\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bcraniums\b or \Bcrania\b \K/-nI\F'\n/\k) \IAnat\i the skull, esp. the part that encloses the brain. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via medieval Latin from Greek \Ikranion\i 'skull'\c
<hw>crank (1)</hw> \K/kraNk/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMech\i part of an axle or shaft bent at right angles for interconverting reciprocal and circular motion.\p\B2\b an elbow-shaped connection in bell-hanging. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b cause to move by means of a crank.\p\B2\b \IMech\i \Ba\b bend into a crank-shape. \Bb\b furnish or fasten with a crank.\p\Bcrank up\b\p\B1\b start (a car engine) by turning a crank.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i increase (speed etc.) by intensive effort. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Icranc,\i apparently from \Icrincan,\i related to \Icringan\i 'fall in battle', originally 'curl up'\c
<hw>crank (2)</hw> \K/kraNk/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b an eccentric person, esp. one obsessed by a particular theory \3(health-food crank).\c \Bb\b \BN. Amer.\b a bad-tempered person.\p\B2\b \Iliterary\i a fanciful turn of speech \3(quips and cranks).\c \BEtymology:\b \3back-formation from \J\Xcranky\x\j\c
<hw>crank (3)</hw> \K/kraNk/\k \Iadj.\i \INaut.\i liable to capsize. \BEtymology:\b \3perhaps from \Icrank\i 'weak, shaky', or \J\Xcrank\x (1)\j\c
<hw>crankcase</hw> \K/"kraNkkeIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMech\i a case enclosing a crankshaft.
<hw>crankpin</hw> \K/"kraNkpIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMech\i a pin by which a connecting rod is attached to a crank.
<hw>crankshaft</hw> \K/"kraNkSA:ft/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMech\i a shaft driven by a crank (see \J\Xcrank\x (1)\p\In.\i\p1).\j
<hw>cranky</hw> \K/"kraNki/\k \Iadj.\i \B(crankier,\b \Bcrankiest)\b\p\B1\b \Icolloq.\i eccentric, esp. obsessed with a particular theory \3(cranky ideas about women).\c\p\B2\b (esp. of a machine) working badly; shaky.\p\B3\b \Besp. N. Amer.\b ill-tempered or crotchety. \Bcrankily\b \Iadv.\i \Bcrankiness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3perhaps from obsolete \Icrank\i 'rogue feigning sickness'\c
<hw>crannog</hw> \K/"kran\F'\ng/\k\p\In.\i\p\IArchaeol. etc.\i an ancient lake-dwelling in Scotland or Ireland. \BEtymology:\b \3Irish from \Icrann\i 'tree, beam'\c
<hw>cranny</hw> \K/"krani/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b a chink, a crevice, a crack. \Bcrannied\b \K/-Id/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \IcranΘ,\i past part. of \Icraner,\i from \Icran,\i from popular Latin \Icrena\i 'notch'\c
<hw>crap (1)</hw> \K/krap/\k \In., v., & adj.\i \Icoarse slang\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \I(often as \Bint.)\b\i nonsense, rubbish \3(he talks crap).\c\p\B2\b \IBiol\i faeces. \Iv.intr.\i \B(crapped,\b \Bcrapping)\b \IBiol\i defecate. \Iadj.\i of bad quality; useless, inferior.\Kadj. new in COD9 f. COD box, corpus Sep 93\k\p\Bcrap out\b \BUS\b\p\B1\b be unsuccessful.\p\B2\b withdraw from a game etc. \BEtymology:\b \3earlier senses 'chaff, refuse from fat-boiling': Middle English from Dutch \Ikrappe\i\c
<hw>crap (2)</hw> \K/krap/\k\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b \IGames\i a losing throw of 2, 3, or 12 in craps. \BEtymology:\b \3see \J\Xcraps\x\j\c
<hw>crape</hw> \K/kreIp/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITextiles\i\p\B1\b crΩpe, usu. of black silk or imitation silk, formerly used for mourning clothes.\p\B2\b a band of this formerly worn round a person's hat etc. as a sign of mourning. \Bcrapy\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3earlier \Icrispe,\i \Icrespe,\i from French \Icrespe\i \J\XcrΩpe\x\j\c
<hw>crape fern</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a New Zealand fern, Leptopteris superba, with tall dark green fronds.
<hw>crape hair</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ITheatr\i artificial hair used in stage make-up.
<hw>crap game</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IGames\i a game of craps.
<hw>craps</hw> \K/kraps/\k \In.pl.\i \BN. Amer.\b \IGames\i a gambling game played with dice.\p\1shoot craps\c play craps. \BEtymology:\b \319th c.: perhaps from \Icrab\i 'lowest throw at dice'\c
<hw>crapulent</hw> \K/"krapjUl(\F'\n)nt/\k \Iadj.\i \IDrink\i \Iliterary\i\p\B1\b given to indulging in alcohol.\p\B2\b resulting from drunkenness.\p\B3\b drunk.\Ksense 3b omitted Jun 94\k \Bcrapulence\b\p\In.\i\p\Bcrapulous\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Icrapulentus\i 'very drunk' via Latin \Icrapula\i 'inebriation' from Greek \Ikraipale\i 'drunken headache'\c
<hw>craquelure</hw> \K/"krakljU\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IArt Painting\i a network of fine cracks in a painting or its varnish. \BEtymology:\b \3French, from \Icraqueler\i 'to crackle'\c
<hw>crash (1)</hw> \K/kraS/\k \Iv., n., & adv.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr. & tr.\i make or cause to make a loud smashing noise \3(the cymbals crashed;\c \2crashed the plates together).\c\p\B2\b \Itr. & intr.\i throw, drive, move, or fall with a loud smashing noise.\p\B3\b \Iintr. & tr.\i \Ba\b collide or cause (a vehicle) to collide violently with another vehicle, obstacle, etc.; overturn at high speed. \Bb\b fall or cause (an aircraft) to fall violently on to the land or the sea \3(crashed the plane;\c \2the airman crashed into the sea).\c\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Binto)\b\i collide violently \3(crashed into the window).\c\p\B5\b \Iintr.\i \ICommerce\i undergo financial ruin.\p\B6\b \Itr.\i \Icolloq.\i enter without permission \3(crashed the cocktail party).\c\p\B7\b \Iintr.\i \Icolloq.\i be heavily defeated \3(crashed to a 4-0 defeat).\c\p\B8\b \Iintr.\i \IComputing\i (of a machine or system) fail suddenly.\p\B9\b \Itr.\i \Icolloq.\i pass (a red traffic light etc.).\p\B10\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bout)\b\i \Islang\i go to sleep, esp. in an improvised setting.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a loud and sudden smashing noise \3(a thunder crash;\c \2the crash of crockery).\c \Bb\b a breakage (esp. of crockery, glass, etc.).\p\B2\b \Ba\b a violent collision, esp. of one vehicle with another or with an object. \Bb\b \IAeron\i the violent fall of an aircraft on to the land or sea.\p\B3\b \ICommerce\i ruin, esp. financial.\p\B4\b \IComputing\i a sudden failure which puts a system out of action.\p\B5\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i done rapidly or urgently \3(a crash course in first aid;\c \2a crash diet).\c \Iadv.\i with a crash \3(the window went crash).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English: imitative\c
<hw>crash barrier</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ITransport\i a barrier intended to prevent a vehicle from leaving the road etc.
<hw>crash-dive</hw> \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \Ba\b \INaut\i (of a submarine or its pilot) dive hastily and steeply in an emergency. \Bb\b \IAeron\i (of an aircraft or its pilot) dive and crash.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i cause to crash-dive.\p\In.\i\psuch a dive.
<hw>crash-halt</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ITransport\i a sudden stop by a vehicle.
<hw>crash helmet</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IClothing\i a helmet worn esp. by a motorcyclist to protect the head in case of a crash.
<hw>crash-land</hw>\p\Iv.\i\p\IAeron\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i (of an aircraft or its pilot) land hurriedly with a crash, usu. without lowering the undercarriage.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i cause (an aircraft) to crash-land. \Bcrash landing\b\p\In.\i\p\Klanding subsumed in COD9 Sep 93\k
<hw>crash pad</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Islang\i a place to sleep, esp. in an emergency.
<hw>crash-tackle</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IFootball\i a vigorous tackle.
<hw>crasis</hw> \K/"kreIsIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bcrases\b \K/-si:z/\k) \IGram\i the contraction of two adjacent vowels in ancient Greek into one long vowel or diphthong. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ikrasis\i 'mixture'\c
<hw>-crat</hw> \K/krat/\k \Icomb. form\i \IPolit\i a member or supporter of a particular form of government or rule \3(autocrat;\c \2democrat).\c \BEtymology:\b \3from or suggested by French -\Icrate:\i see \J\X-cracy\x\j\c
<hw>cratch</hw> \K/kratS/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \Idial.\i \IAgriculture\i a rack used for holding food for farm animals out of doors. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icreche\i from Germanic: related to \J\Xcrib\x\j\c
<hw>crate</hw> \K/kreIt/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a large wickerwork basket or slatted wooden case etc. for packing esp. fragile goods for transportation.\p\B2\b \ITransport\i \Islang\i an old aeroplane or other vehicle. \Iv.tr.\i pack in a crate. \Bcrateful\b\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-fuls).\b \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, perhaps from Dutch \Ikrat\i 'basket'\c
<hw>crater</hw> \K/"kreIt\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IGeol\i the mouth of a volcano.\p\B2\b \IMil Ballistics\i a bowl-shaped cavity, esp. that made by the explosion of a shell or bomb.\p\B3\b \IAstron.\i a hollow with a raised rim on the surface of a planet or moon, caused by the impact of a meteorite.\p\B4\b \IAntiq.\i a large ancient Greek bowl, used for mixing wine. \Iv.tr.\i form a crater in. \Bcraterous\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin from Greek \Ikrater\i 'mixing-bowl': see \J\Xcrasis\x\j\c
<hw>-cratic</hw> \K/"kratIk/\k \Icomb. form\i (also \B-cratical)\b \IPolit\i denoting a particular kind of government or rule \3(autocratic;\c \2democratic).\c \B-cratically\b \Icomb. form (adv.).\i \BEtymology:\b \3from or suggested by French \I-cratique:\i see \J\X-cracy\x\j\c
<hw>craton</hw> \K/"kratQn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeol.\i a large stable block of the earth's crust.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3alteration of \Ikratogen\i (= craton) from Greek \Ikratus\i 'strength' + \J\X-gen\x\j\c
<hw>cravat</hw> \K/kr\F'\n"vat/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFashion\i\p\B1\b a scarf worn by men inside an open-necked shirt.\p\B2\b \Ihist.\i a necktie. \Bcravatted\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icravate\i via German \IKrawat,\i \IKroat\i from Serbo-Croat \IHrvat\i 'Croat' (from the scarf worn by Croatian mercenaries in France)\c
<hw>crave</hw> \K/kreIv/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b long for \3(craved affection).\c \Bb\b beg for \3(craves a blessing).\c\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bfor)\b\i long for; beg for \3(craved for comfort).\c \Bcraver\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Icrafian,\i related to Old Norse \Ikrof\i 'a request'\c
<hw>craven</hw> \K/"kreIv(\F'\n)n/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i (of a person, behaviour, etc.) cowardly; abject.\p\In.\i\pa cowardly person. \Bcravenly\b \Iadv.\i \Bcravenness\b \K/"kreIv(\F'\n)nnIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English \Icravand\i etc. perhaps from Old French \IcravantΘ\i 'defeated', past part. of \Icravanter,\i ultimately from Latin \Icrepare\i 'burst'; assimilated to \J\X-en\x (3)\j\c
<hw>craving</hw> \K/"kreIvIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(usu. foll. by \Bfor)\b\i a strong desire or longing.
<hw>craw</hw> \K/krO:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnat\i \IZool.\i the crop of a bird or insect.\p\1stick in one's craw\c be unacceptable. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, related to Middle Dutch \Icraghe,\i Middle Low German \Ikrage,\i Middle High German \Ikrage\i 'neck, throat'\c
<hw>crawfish</hw> \K/"krO:fIS/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i same) \Besp. N. Amer.\b = \J\Xcrayfish\x.\j \Iv.intr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bout)\b\i \BUS\b \Icolloq.\i retreat; back out. \BEtymology:\b \3variant of \J\Xcrayfish\x\j\c
<hw>crawl</hw> \K/krO:l/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.intr.\i\p\B1\b move slowly, esp. on hands and knees.\p\B2\b (of an insect, snake, etc.) move slowly with the body close to the ground etc.\p\B3\b walk or move slowly \3(the train crawled into the station).\c\p\B4\b \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i \Icolloq.\i behave obsequiously or ingratiatingly in the hope of advantage.\p\B5\b \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i be covered or filled with crawling or moving things, or with people etc. compared to this.\p\B6\b (esp. of the skin) feel a creepy sensation.\p\B7\b \ISport\i swim with a crawl stroke.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an act of crawling.\p\B2\b a slow rate of movement.\p\B3\b \ISport\i a high-speed swimming stroke with alternate overarm movements and rapid straight-legged kicks.\p\B4\b \Ba\b \I(usu. in \Bcomb.)\b\i \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i a leisurely journey between places of interest \3(church crawl).\c \Bb\b = \J\Xpub crawl\x.\j \Bcrawlingly\b \Iadv.\i \Bcrawly\b \Iadj.\i (in senses 5, 6 of \Iv.).\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English: origin unknown: cf. Swedish \Ikravla,\i Danish \Ikravle\i\c
<hw>crawler</hw> \K/"krO:l\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i a person who behaves obsequiously in the hope of advantage.\p\B2\b anything that crawls, such as an insect, a slow-moving vehicle, etc.\p\B3\b \IAgriculture\i a tractor moving on an endless caterpillar track.\p\B4\b \I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i \Besp. US\b a baby's overall for crawling in; rompers.
<hw>crawl space</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBuilding\i an underfloor space giving access to ducts.\Knew f. OED, corpus Sep 93\k
<hw>crayfish</hw> \K/"kreIfIS/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i same) \IZool\i\p\B1\b a small lobster-like freshwater crustacean, esp. of the genus \IAstacus.\i\p\B2\b = \J\Xspiny lobster\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Icrevice,\i \Icrevis,\i ultimately from Old High German \Ikrebiz\i \J\Xcrab\x (1):\j assimilated to \J\Xfish\x (1)\j\c
<hw>crayon</hw> \K/"kreI\F'\nn/\k \In. & v.\i \IArt\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a stick or pencil of coloured chalk, wax, etc., used for drawing.\p\B2\b a drawing made with this. \Iv.tr.\i draw with crayons. \BEtymology:\b \3French from \Icraie\i from Latin \Icreta\i 'chalk'\c
<hw>craze</hw> \K/kreIz/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i (usu. as \Bcrazed\b \Iadj.)\i make insane \3(crazed with grief).\c\p\B2\b \IPottery\i \Ba\b \Itr.\i produce fine surface cracks on (pottery glaze etc.). \Bb\b \Iintr.\i develop such cracks.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a usu. temporary enthusiasm \3(a craze for hula hoops).\c \Bb\b the object of this.\p\B2\b an insane fancy or condition. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, originally = break, shatter, perhaps from Old Norse\c
<hw>crazy</hw> \K/"kreIzi/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i \B(crazier,\b \Bcraziest)\b\p\B1\b \Icolloq.\i (of a person, an action, etc.) insane or mad; foolish.\p\B2\b \I(usu. foll. by \Babout)\b\i \Icolloq.\i extremely enthusiastic.\p\B3\b \Islang\i \Ba\b exciting, unrestrained. \Bb\b excellent.\p\B4\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i (of paving, a quilt, etc.) made of irregular pieces fitted together.\p\B5\b \Iarchaic\i (of a ship, building, etc.) unsound, shaky.\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \Icolloq.\i a crazy person or thing.\Knoun new f. corpus Dec 94\k\p\1like crazy\c \Icolloq.\i = \Ilike mad\i (see \J\Xmad\x).\j \Bcrazily\b \Iadv.\i \Bcraziness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>crazy bone</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BUS\b \IAnat\i the funny bone.
<hw>crazy paving</hw> \IBuilding\i \Isee\i \J\Xcrazy\x 4.\j\Knew as hwd Sep 93\k
<hw>CRC</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IPrinting\i camera-ready copy.\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED, News Mar 94\k
<hw>creak</hw> \K/kri:k/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\pa harsh scraping or squeaking sound. \Iv.intr.\i\p\B1\b make a creak.\p\B2\b \Ba\b move with a creaking noise. \Bb\b move stiffly and awkwardly. \Bc\b show weakness or frailty under strain. \Bcreakingly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, imitative: cf. \J\Xcrake\x,\j \J\Xcroak\x\j\c
<hw>creaky</hw> \K/"kri:ki/\k \Iadj.\i \B(creakier,\b \Bcreakiest)\b\p\B1\b liable to creak.\p\B2\b \Ba\b stiff or frail \3(creaky joints).\c \Bb\b (of a practice, institution, etc.) decrepit, dilapidated, outmoded. \Bcreakily\b \Iadv.\i \Bcreakiness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>cream</hw> \K/kri:m/\k \In., v., & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \IFood\i the fatty content of milk which gathers at the top and can be made into butter by churning. \Bb\b this eaten (often whipped) with a dessert, as a cake filling, etc. \3(strawberries and cream;\c \2cream gateau).\c\p\B2\b the part of a liquid that gathers at the top.\p\B3\b \I(usu. prec. by \Bthe)\b\i the best or choicest part of something, esp.: \Ba\b the point of an anecdote. \Bb\b an elite group of people \3(the cream of the nation).\c\p\B4\b a creamlike preparation, esp. a cosmetic \3(hand cream).\c\p\B5\b a very pale yellow or off-white colour.\p\B6\b \Ba\b \ICookery\i a dish or sweet like or made with cream. \Bb\b \ICookery\i a soup or sauce containing milk or cream. \Bc\b \IDrink\i a full-bodied mellow sweet sherry. \Bd\b \ICookery\i a biscuit with a creamy sandwich filling. \Be\b \ICookery\i a chocolate-covered usu. fruit-flavoured fondant.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b take the cream from (milk). \Bb\b take the best or a specified part from.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \I\Iesp.\i Cookery\i work (butter etc.) to a creamy consistency.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i treat (the skin etc.) with cosmetic cream.\p\B4\b \Itr.\i add cream to (coffee etc.).\p\B5\b \Iintr.\i (of milk or any other liquid) form a cream or scum.\p\B6\b \Itr.\i \BUS\b \I\Iesp.\i Sport\i \Icolloq.\i defeat (esp. in a sporting contest). \Iadj.\i pale yellow; off-white.\p\Bcream off\b\p\B1\b take (the best or a specified part) from a whole \3(creamed off the brightest pupils).\c\p\B2\b take the best or a specified part from (a whole). \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icre(s)me\i from Late Latin \Icramum\i (perhaps from Gaulish) & ecclesiastical Latin \Ichrisma\i \J\Xchrism\x\j\c
<hw>cream bun</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcream cake)\b \BBrit.\b \ICookery\i a bun or cake filled or topped with cream.
<hw>cream cheese</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i a soft rich cheese made from unskimmed milk and cream.
<hw>cream-coloured</hw> \Iadj.\i pale yellowish white.\Kcolour aaw Aug 92\k
<hw>cream cracker</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ICookery\i a crisp dry unsweetened biscuit usu. eaten with cheese.
<hw>creamer</hw> \K/"kri:m\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a flat dish used for skimming the cream off milk.\p\B2\b a machine used for separating cream from milk.\p\B3\b a cream or milk substitute for adding to coffee or tea.\p\B4\b \BN. Amer.\b a jug for cream.
<hw>creamery</hw> \K/"kri:m(\F'\n)ri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b a factory producing butter and cheese.\p\B2\b a shop where milk, cream, etc., are sold; a dairy. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xcream\x,\j suggested by French \IcrΘmerie\i\c
<hw>cream of tartar</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICookery Med\i crystallized potassium hydrogen tartrate, used in medicine, baking powder, etc.
<hw>cream puff</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i\p\B1\b a cake made of puff pastry filled with cream.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i an ineffectual or effeminate person.
<hw>cream soda</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IDrink\i a carbonated vanilla-flavoured soft drink.
<hw>cream tea</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ICookery\i afternoon tea with scones, jam, and cream.
<hw>creamware</hw> \K/"kri:mwE:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPottery\i earthenware of a rich cream colour.\Knew f. SOED, incomings Sep 93\k
<hw>creamy</hw> \K/"kri:mi/\k \Iadj.\i \B(creamier,\b \Bcreamiest)\b\p\B1\b like cream in consistency or colour.\p\B2\b rich in cream. \Bcreamily\b \Iadv.\i \Bcreaminess\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>crease (1)</hw> \K/kri:s/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a line in paper etc. caused by folding. \Bb\b a fold or wrinkle.\p\B2\b \ICricket\i a line marking the position of the bowler or batsman (see \J\Xpopping crease\x,\j \J\Xbowling crease\x).\j\p\B3\b \ISport\i an area near the goal in ice hockey or lacrosse into which the puck or the ball must precede the players.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i make creases in (material).\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i become creased \3(linen creases badly).\c\p\B3\b \Itr. & intr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bup)\b\i \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i make or become incapable through laughter.\p\B4\b \Itr.\i \Besp. US\b \Islang\i graze with a bullet.\Ksense 4a tire out and 4b stun or kill omitted as not known or found by F. Abate. Replaced by new sense, F. abate Nov 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3earlier \Icreast\i = \J\Xcrest\x\j 'ridge' (in material)\c
<hw>crease (2)</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xkris\x.\j
<hw>create</hw> \K/kri:"eIt/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b (of natural or historical forces) bring into existence; cause \3(poverty creates resentment).\c \Bb\b (of a person or persons) make or cause \3(create a diversion;\c \2create a good impression).\c\p\B2\b \Itr.\i originate \3(an actor creates a part).\c\p\B3\b \Itr.\i invest (a person) with a rank \3(created him a lord).\c\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i make a fuss; grumble. \Bcreatable\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Icreare\i\c
<hw>creatine</hw> \K/"kri:\F'\nti:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiochem\i a product of protein metabolism found (esp. as the phosphate) in the muscles etc. of vertebrates. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ikreas\i 'meat' + \J\X-ine\x (4)\j\c
<hw>creation</hw> \K/kri:"eIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the act of creating. \Bb\b an instance of this.\p\B2\b \IRelig\i \Ba\b (usu. \Bthe Creation)\b the creating of the universe regarded as an act of God. \Bb\b (usu. \BCreation)\b everything so created; the universe.\p\B3\b a product of human intelligence, esp. of imaginative thought or artistic ability.\p\B4\b \Ba\b the act of investing with a title or rank. \Bb\b an instance of this. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Icreatio -onis\i (as \J\Xcreate\x)\j\c
<hw>creationism</hw> \K/kri:"eIS(\F'\n)nIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITheol\i the belief that the universe and living organisms originate from specific acts of divine creation, as in the biblical account, rather than by natural processes such as evolution. \Bcreationist\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>creation science</hw>\p\In.\i\pthe reinterpretation of scientific knowledge in accord with belief in the literal truth of the Bible, esp. regarding the origin of matter, life, and humankind.\Knew f. NSOED April 94\k
<hw>creative</hw> \K/kri:"eItIv/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b inventive and imaginative.\p\B2\b creating or able to create. \Bcreatively\b \Iadv.\i \Bcreativeness\b\p\In.\i\p\Bcreativity\b \K/-"tIvIti/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>creative accountancy</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcreative accounting)\b \IFinance\i \Icolloq.\i the exploitation of loopholes in financial legislation in order to gain advantage or present figures in a misleadingly favourable light.\Knew in COD9 f. POD, NSOED Sep 93\k
<hw>creator</hw> \K/kri:"eIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person who creates.\p\B2\b (as \Bthe Creator)\b \IRelig\i God. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icreat(o)ur\i from Latin \Icreator -oris\i (as \J\Xcreate\x)\j\c
<hw>creature</hw> \K/"kri:tS\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b an animal, as distinct from a human being. \Bb\b any living being \3(we are all God's creatures).\c\p\B2\b a person of a specified kind \3(poor creature).\c\p\B3\b a person owing status to and obsequiously subservient to another.\p\B4\b anything created; a creation. \Bcreaturely\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Late Latin \Icreatura\i (as \J\Xcreate\x)\j\c
<hw>creature comforts</hw> \In.pl.\i \ISociol\i material comforts such as good food, warmth, etc.
<hw>creature of habit</hw>\p\In.\i\pa person set in an unvarying routine.
<hw>crΦche</hw> \K/krES/, /kreIS/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b a day nursery for babies and young children.\p\B2\b \BUS\b a representation of a Nativity scene. \BEtymology:\b \3French (as \J\Xcratch\x)\j\c
<hw>cred</hw> \K/krEd/\k\p\In.\i\p\Icolloq.\i credibility. \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation\c\Knew f. SOED Sep 93\k
<hw>credal</hw> \Isee\i \J\Xcreed\x.\j
<hw>credence</hw> \K/"kri:d(\F'\n)ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b belief.\p\B2\b (in full \Bcredence table)\b \IRelig\i a small side table, shelf, or niche which holds the elements of the Eucharist before they are consecrated.\p\1give credence to\c believe. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from medieval Latin \Icredentia,\i from \Icredere\i 'believe'\c
<hw>credential</hw> \K/krI"dEnS(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i\p\B1\b evidence of a person's achievements or trustworthiness, usu. in the form of certificates, references, etc.\p\B2\b a letter or letters of introduction. \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Icredentialis\i (as \J\Xcredence\x)\j\c
<hw>credenza</hw> \K/krI"dEnz\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFurniture\i a sideboard or cupboard. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian from medieval Latin (as \J\Xcredence\x)\j\c
<hw>credibility</hw> \K/krEdI"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the condition of being credible or believable.\p\B2\b reputation, status.\p\B3\b = \J\Xstreet credibility\x.\j\Ksense 3 new f. OERD Jun 94\k
<hw>credibility gap</hw>\p\In.\i\pan apparent difference between what is said and what is true.
<hw>credible</hw> \K/"krEdIb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b (of a person or statement) believable or worthy of belief.\p\B2\b (of a threat etc.) convincing. \Bcredibly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Icredibilis,\i from \Icredere\i 'believe'\c Do not confuse \Icredible\i 'able to be believed' with \Icredulous\i 'too ready to believe'. The difference is illustrated by \Ihe was such a credible trickster that he completely took in his credulous collegues.\i
<hw>credit</hw> \K/"krEdIt/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b (usu. of a person) a source of honour, pride, etc. \3(is a credit to the school).\c\p\B2\b the acknowledgement of merit \3(must give him credit for consistency).\c\p\B3\b a good reputation \3(his credit stands high).\c\p\B4\b \Ba\b belief or trust \3(I place credit in that).\c \Bb\b something believable or trustworthy \3(that statement has credit).\c\p\B5\b \ICommerce\i \Ba\b a person's financial standing; the sum of money at a person's disposal in a bank etc. \Bb\b the power to obtain goods etc. before payment (based on the trust that payment will be made).\p\B6\b \I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i \IBroadcasting Cinematog\i an acknowledgement of a contributor's services to a film, television programme, etc.\p\B7\b \BBrit.\b a grade above a pass in an examination.\p\B8\b \ICommerce\i a reputation for solvency and honesty in business.\p\B9\b \ICommerce\i (in bookkeeping) \Ba\b an entry on the right-hand side or column side of an account recording a payment received. \Bb\b the sum entered. \Bc\b the total of such sums.\Knew to match credit Oct 94\k \Bd\b the credit side of an account.\p\B10\b \IEducation\i \Ba\b a certificate or other acknowledgement of a student's completion of a course. \Bb\b a unit of study counting towards a degree etc. \Iv.tr.\i \B(credited,\b \Bcrediting)\b\p\B1\b believe \3(cannot credit it).\c\p\B2\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bto,\b \Bwith;\b often in \Bpassive)\b\i \Ba\b \ICommerce\i enter on the credit side of an account \3(credited ú20 to him;\c \2credited him with ú20).\c \Bb\b ascribe an achievement or good quality to \3(he was credited with the goal;\c \2success was credited to his good sense).\c\Ksense 2b new f. OERD, incomings, incorporates pvb credit a person with Jun 94\k \Bc\b deem to be the originator or source of a thing \3(now credited as its founder).\c\Ksense 2c new f. incomings, corpus Jun 94\k\p\1do credit to\c (or \Bdo a person credit)\b enhance the reputation of.\p\1get credit for\c be given credit for.\p\1give a person credit for\c\p\B1\b \ICommerce\i enter (a sum) to a person's credit.\p\B2\b ascribe (a good quality) to a person.\p\1give credit to\c believe.\p\1on credit\c \ICommerce\i with an arrangement to pay later.\p\1to one's credit\c in one's praise, commendation, or defence \3(to his credit, he refused the offer).\c \BEtymology:\b \3French \IcrΘdit\i from Italian \Icredito\i or Latin \Icreditum,\i from \Icredere credit-\i 'believe, trust'\c
<hw>creditable</hw> \K/"krEdIt\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i bringing credit or honour. \Bcreditability\b \K/-"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bcreditably\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>credit account</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ICommerce\i an account with a shop etc. for obtaining goods or services before payment.
<hw>credit card</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i a card from a bank etc. authorizing the obtaining of goods on credit.
<hw>credit note</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ICommerce\i a note given by a shop etc. in return for goods returned, stating the value of goods owed to the customer.
<hw>creditor</hw> \K/"krEdIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i\p\B1\b a person to whom a debt is owing.\p\B2\b a person or company that gives credit for money or goods \I(cf.\i \J\Xdebtor\x).\j \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Anglo-French \Icreditour\i (Old French \I-eur)\i from Latin \Icreditor -oris\i (as \J\Xcredit\x)\j\c
<hw>credit rating</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i an estimate of a person's suitability to receive commercial credit.
<hw>credit sale</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ICommerce\i the sale of goods on credit.
<hw>credit title</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBroadcasting Cinematog\i a credit \I(see\i \J\Xcredit\x\p\In.\i\p6)\j at the beginning or end of a film or broadcast etc.
<hw>credit transfer</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i a transfer of money from one person's bank account to another's.
<hw>creditworthy</hw> \K/"krEdItw\F'\n:Di/\k \Iadj.\i \ICommerce\i considered suitable to receive commercial credit. \Bcreditworthiness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>credo</hw> \K/"kri:d\F'\nU/, /"kreI-/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b\p\B1\b \B(Credo)\b \IRelig\i a statement of belief; a creed, esp. the Apostles' or Nicene creed beginning in Latin with \Icredo.\i\p\B2\b \IMus\i a musical setting of the Nicene Creed. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin, = I believe\c
<hw>credulous</hw> \K/"krEdjUl\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b too ready to believe; gullible.\p\B2\b (of behaviour) showing such gullibility. \Bcredulity\b \K/krI"dju:lIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bcredulously\b \Iadv.\i \Bcredulousness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icredulus\i from \Icredere\i 'believe'\c See Usage Note at \J\Xcredible\x.\j
<hw>Cree</hw> \K/kri:/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i same or \BCrees)\b\p\B1\b \IPeople\i \Ba\b an American Indian people living in central Canada and around Hudson Bay. \Bb\b a member of this people.\p\B2\b \ILinguistics\i the Algonquian language of this people. \Iadj.\i of or relating to the Crees or their language. \BEtymology:\b \3Canadian French \ICris\i (earlier \ICristinaux)\i from Algonquian\c
<hw>creed</hw> \K/kri:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a set of principles or opinions, esp. as a philosophy of life \3(his creed is moderation in everything).\c\p\B2\b \IRelig\i a brief formal summary of Christian belief, esp. (often \Bthe Creed):\b \Ba\b = \J\XApostles' Creed\x.\j \Bb\b = \J\XNicene Creed\x\j (cf. \J\XAthanasian Creed\x).\j \Bcredal\b \K/"kri:d(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Bcreedal\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Icreda\i from Latin \J\Xcredo\x\j\c
<hw>creek</hw> \K/kri:k/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\IGeog\i\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b \Ba\b a small bay or harbour on a sea coast. \Bb\b a narrow inlet on a sea coast or in a river bank.\p\B2\b \Ba\b \Besp. US\b a tributary of a river. \Bb\b \BAustral. & NZ\b a stream or brook.\Ksense 2 split, CanCod, Sept 94\k\p\B3\b \B(Creek)\b \Ba\b \I(pl.\i same) \IPeople\i a member of a North American Indian people originally from Alabama and Georgia, or of a confederation of nations including this people. \Bb\b \ILanguage\i the language of this people.\K3 new f. OERD Dec 94\k \Iadj.\i \B(Creek)\b of or relating to the Creek or their language.\Kadj. new f. OERD Dec 94\k\p\1up the creek\c \Islang\i\p\B1\b in difficulties or trouble.\p\B2\b crazy. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English \Icrike\i from Old Norse \Ikriki\i 'nook' (or partly via Old French \Icrique\i from Old Norse), & Middle English \Icreke\i from Middle Dutch \Ikreke\i (or from \Icrike\i by lengthening): ultimate origin unknown\c
<hw>creel</hw> \K/kri:l/\k\p\In.\i\p\INaut Fishing\i\p\B1\b a large wicker basket for fish.\p\B2\b an angler's basket. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, originally Scots: ultimate origin unknown\c
<hw>creep</hw> \K/kri:p/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.intr.\i \I(past\i and \Ipast part.\i \Bcrept\b \K/krEpt/\k)\p\B1\b move with the body prone and close to the ground; crawl.\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Bin,\b \Bout,\b \Bup,\b etc.)\i come, go, or move slowly and stealthily or timidly \3(crept out without being seen).\c\p\B3\b enter slowly (into a person's affections, life, awareness, etc.) \3(a feeling crept over her;\c \2crept into her heart).\c\p\B4\b \Icolloq.\i act abjectly or obsequiously in the hope of advancement.\p\B5\b \IBot\i (of a plant) grow along the ground or up a wall by means of tendrils etc.\p\B6\b (as \Bcreeping\b \Iadj.)\i developing slowly and steadily \3(creeping inflation).\c\p\B7\b (of the flesh) feel as if insects etc. were creeping over it, as a result of fear, horror, etc.\p\B8\b \IMetallurgy\i (of materials) undergo creep \I(see\i sense 5 of \In.).\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the act of creeping. \Bb\b an instance of this.\p\B2\b \I(in \Bpl.;\b\i \Iprec. by \Bthe)\b\i \Icolloq.\i a nervous feeling of revulsion or fear \3(gives me the creeps).\c\p\B3\b \Icolloq.\i an unpleasant person.\p\B4\b \IGeol\i the gradual downward movement of disintegrated rock due to gravitational forces etc.\p\B5\b \IMetallurgy\i a gradual deformation of materials under stress.\p\B6\b a low arch under a railway embankment, road, etc.\p\Bcreep up on\b approach (a person) stealthily or unnoticed. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Icreopan,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>creeper</hw> \K/"kri:p\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBot.\i any climbing or creeping plant.\p\B2\b \IZool\i any bird that climbs, esp. a treecreeper.\p\B3\b \IClothing\i \Islang\i a soft-soled shoe.
<hw>creeping barrage</hw> \K/"kri:pIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i an artillery barrage moving ahead of advancing troops.
<hw>creeping Jenny</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i any of various creeping plants, esp. moneywort.
<hw>creeping Jesus</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \Islang\i an abject or hypocritical person.
<hw>creepy</hw> \K/"kri:pi/\k \Iadj.\i \B(creepier,\b \Bcreepiest)\b\p\B1\b \Icolloq.\i having or producing a creeping of the flesh \3(I feel creepy;\c \2a creepy film).\c\p\B2\b given to creeping. \Bcreepily\b \Iadv.\i \Bcreepiness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xcreep\x\j\c
<hw>creepy-crawly</hw> \K/kri:pI"krO:li/\k \In. & adj.\i \Icolloq.\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b an insect, worm, or other small crawling creature. \Iadj.\i creeping and crawling.
<hw>creese</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xkris\x.\j
<hw>cremate</hw> \K/krI"meIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i burn (a corpse etc.) to ashes. \Bcremation\b \K/-"meIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bcremator\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icremare\i 'burn'\c
<hw>crematorium</hw> \K/krEm\F'\n"tO:rI\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bcrematoria\b or \Bcrematoriums)\b a place for cremating corpses in a furnace. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin (as \J\Xcremate\x,\j \J\X-ory\x (1))\j\c
<hw>crematory</hw> \K/"krEm\F'\nt(\F'\n)ri/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i of or relating to cremation.\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \BN. Amer.\b = \J\Xcrematorium\x.\j
<hw>crΦme br√lΘe</hw> \K/krEm bru:"leI/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \BcrΦmes br√lΘes\b \Ipronunc.\i same or \BcrΦme br√lΘes\b \K/-"leIz/\k) \ICookery\i a pudding of cream or custard topped with caramelized sugar. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = burnt cream\c
<hw>crΦme caramel</hw> \K/krEm kar\F'\n"mEl/, /"kar\F'\nmEl/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \BcrΦmes caramel\b \Ipronunc.\i same or \BcrΦme caramels\b \K/-"mElz/, /-mElz/\k) \ICookery\i a set custard coated with caramel. \BEtymology:\b \3French\c
<hw>crΦme de cassis</hw> \K/krEm d\F'\n ka"si:s/\k\p\In.\i\p\IDrink\i a blackcurrant-flavoured liqueur. \BEtymology:\b \3French, literally 'cream of blackcurrant'\c
<hw>crΦme de la crΦme</hw> \K/krEm d\F'\n lA: "krEm/\k\p\In.\i\pthe best part; the elite. \BEtymology:\b \3French, literally 'cream of the cream'\c
<hw>crΦme de menthe</hw> \K/krEm d\F'\n "mQnT/\k\p\In.\i\p\IDrink\i a peppermint-flavoured liqueur. \BEtymology:\b \3French, literally 'cream of mint'\c
<hw>crΦme fraiche</hw> \K/krEm "frES/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i a type of thick cream made from double cream with the addition of buttermilk, sour cream, or yogurt.\Knew f. corpus Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3French \IcrΦme fraεche,\i literally 'fresh cream'\c
<hw>crenate</hw> \K/"kri:neIt/\k \Iadj.\i \IBot.\i & \IZool.\i having a notched edge or rounded teeth. \Bcrenated\b \Iadj.\i \Bcrenation\b \K/-"neIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bcrenature\b \K/"krEn\F'\ntjU\F'\n/, /"kri:-/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \Icrenatus\i from popular Latin \Icrena\i 'notch'\c
<hw>crenel</hw> \K/"krEn(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcrenelle\b \K/krI"nEl/\k) \IFortification\i an indentation or gap in the parapet of a tower, castle, etc., originally for shooting through etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Icrenel,\i ultimately from popular Latin \Icrena\i 'notch'\c
<hw>crenellate</hw> \K/"krEn(\F'\n)leIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \Bcrenelate)\b\Kvar. new in COD9 f. NSOED Sep 93\k\IFortification\i provide (a tower etc.) with battlements or loopholes. \Bcrenellation\b \K/-"leIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \IcrΘneler\i (as \J\Xcrenel\x)\j\c
<hw>Creole</hw> \K/"kri:\F'\nUl/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPeople\i \Ba\b a descendant of European (esp. Spanish) settlers in the W. Indies or Central or S. America. \Bb\b a white descendant of French settlers in the southern US, esp. Louisiana. \Bc\b a person of mixed European and black descent.\p\B2\b \ILinguistics\i a mother tongue formed from the contact of a European language (esp. English, French, or Portuguese) with another (esp. African) language. \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of or relating to a Creole or Creoles.\p\B2\b (usu. \Bcreole)\b of Creole origin or production \3(creole cooking).\c \BEtymology:\b \3French \IcrΘole,\i \Icriole\i from Spanish \Icriollo,\i probably via Portuguese \Icrioulo\i 'home-born slave' from \Icriar\i 'breed', from Latin \Icreare\i \J\Xcreate\x\j\c
<hw>creolize</hw> \K/"kri:\F'\n(U)lVIz/, /"krI-/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b \ILinguistics\i form a Creole from (another language). \Bcreolization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>creosote</hw> \K/"kri:\F'\ns\F'\nUt/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b (in full \Bcreosote oil)\b \IChem\i a dark brown oil distilled from coal tar, used as a wood preservative.\p\B2\b \IPharm\i a colourless oily fluid distilled from wood, used as an antiseptic. \Iv.tr.\i treat with creosote. \BEtymology:\b \3German \IKreosote,\i from Greek \Ikreas\i 'flesh' + \Isoter\i 'preserver', with reference to its antiseptic properties\c
<hw>creosote bush</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a shrub of arid parts of Mexico and the western US, Larrea tridentata, with leaves smelling of creosote.\Knew f. OED, Coll. Oct 93\k
<hw>crΩpe</hw> \K/kreIp/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ITextiles\i a fine often gauzelike fabric with a wrinkled surface.\p\B2\b \ICookery\i a thin pancake, usu. with a savoury or sweet filling.\p\B3\b (also \BcrΩpe rubber)\b a very hard-wearing wrinkled sheet rubber used for the soles of shoes etc. \BcrΩpey\b \Iadj.\i \BcrΩpy\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French via Old French \Icrespe\i 'curled' from Latin \Icrispus\i\c
<hw>crΩpe de Chine</hw> \K/d\F'\n "Si:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITextiles\i a fine silk crΩpe. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = China crΩpe\c
<hw>crΩpe Suzette</hw> \K/su:"zEt/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \BcrΩpes Suzette\b \Ipronunc.\i same) \ICookery\i a small dessert pancake flamed in alcohol at the table.
<hw>crepitate</hw> \K/"krEpIteIt/\k \Iv.intr.\i\p\B1\b make a crackling sound.\p\B2\b \IZool.\i (of a beetle) eject pungent fluid with a sharp report. \Bcrepitant\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icrepitare,\i frequentative of \Icrepare\i 'creak'\c
<hw>crepitation</hw> \K/krEpI"teIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMed.\i = \J\Xcrepitus\x.\j\p\B2\b the action or sound of crackling or rattling.
<hw>crepitus</hw> \K/"krEpIt\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed.\i\p\B1\b a grating noise from the ends of a fractured bone rubbing together.\p\B2\b a similar sound heard from the chest in pneumonia etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin from \Icrepare\i 'rattle'\c
<hw>crept</hw> \I\Ipast\i and \Ipast part.\i of\i \J\Xcreep\x.\j
<hw>crepuscular</hw> \K/krI"pVskjUl\F'\n/, /krE-/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b of twilight. \Bb\b dim.\p\B2\b \IZool.\i appearing or active in twilight. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icrepusculum\i 'twilight'\c
<hw>crescendo</hw> \K/krI"SEnd\F'\nU/\k \In., adv., adj., & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os\b or \Bcrescendi\b \K/-di/\k)\p\B1\b \IMus.\i \Ba\b a gradual increase in loudness. \Bb\b a passage to be performed with such an increase.\p\B2\b \Ba\b progress towards a climax \3(a crescendo of emotions).\c \Bb\b \Idisp.\i a climax \3(the storm reached a crescendo then died away).\c \Iadv. & adj.\i \IMus.\i with a gradual increase in loudness. \Iv.intr.\i \B(-oes,\b \B-oed)\b increase gradually in loudness or intensity. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian, part. of \Icrescere\i 'grow' (as \J\Xcrescent\x)\j\c When used figuratively, \Icrescendo\i should mean 'progress towards a climax', not the climax itself. In examples such as that given at 2b, use \Iclimax\i instead.
<hw>crescent</hw> \K/"krEz(\F'\n)nt/, /"krEs-/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the curved sickle shape of the waxing or waning moon.\p\B2\b anything of this shape, \Besp. Brit.\b a street forming an arc.\p\B3\b \IRelig\i \Ba\b the crescent-shaped emblem of Islam or Turkey. \Bb\b \B(the Crescent)\b the world or power of Islam. \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \Ipoet.\i increasing.\p\B2\b crescent-shaped. \Bcrescentic\b \K/-"sEntIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Anglo-French \Icressaunt,\i Old French \Icreissant,\i from Latin \Icrescere\i 'grow'\c
<hw>cresol</hw> \K/"kri:sQl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i \IPharm\i any of three isomeric phenols present in creosote and used as disinfectants. Chem. formula: CH3C6H4OH. \Bcresyl\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xcreosote\x\j + \J\X-ol\x (2)\j\c
<hw>cress</hw> \K/krEs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i any of various cruciferous plants usu. with pungent edible leaves, e.g. watercress. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Icresse,\i from West Germanic\c
<hw>cresset</hw> \K/"krEsIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\Ihist.\i a metal container for oil, coal, etc., to be set alight for illumination, usu. mounted on a pole. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Icresset,\i \Icraisset,\i from \Icraisse\i = \Igraisse\i \J\Xgrease\x\j\c
<hw>crest</hw> \K/krEst/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \IZool\i a comb or tuft of feathers, fur, etc. on a bird's or animal's head. \Bb\b something resembling this, esp. a plume of feathers on a helmet. \Bc\b a helmet; the top of a helmet.\p\B2\b the top of something, esp. of a mountain, wave, roof, etc.\p\B3\b \IHeraldry\i \Ba\b a device above the shield and helmet of a coat of arms. \Bb\b such a device reproduced on writing paper or on a seal, signifying a family.\p\B4\b \Ba\b a line along the top of the neck of some animals. \Bb\b the hair growing from this; a mane.\p\B5\b \IAnat.\i a ridge along the surface of a bone.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i reach the crest of (a hill, wave, etc.).\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b provide with a crest. \Bb\b serve as a crest to.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i (of a wave) form into a crest.\p\1on the crest of a wave\c at the most favourable moment in one's progress. \Bcrested\b \Iadj.\i \I(also in \Bcomb.).\b\i \Bcrestless\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icreste\i from Latin \Icrista\i 'tuft'\c
<hw>crestfallen</hw> \K/"krEstfO:l(\F'\n)n/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b dejected, dispirited.\p\B2\b with a fallen or drooping crest.
<hw>cretaceous</hw> \K/krI"teIS\F'\ns/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of the nature of chalk.\p\B2\b \B(Cretaceous)\b \IGeol.\i of or relating to the last period of the Mesozoic era, with evidence of the first flowering plants, the extinction of dinosaurs, and extensive deposits of chalk. Cf. Appendix X.\p\In.\i\p\B(Cretaceous)\b \IGeol.\i this era or system. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icretaceus\i from \Icreta\i 'chalk'\c
<hw>Cretan</hw> \K/"kri:t(\F'\n)n/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\IPeople\i a native of Crete, an island SE of the Greek mainland. \Iadj.\i of or relating to Crete or the Cretans. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \ICretanus\i 'from \ICreta\i', from Greek \IKrete\i 'Crete'\c
<hw>cretic</hw> \K/"kri:tIk/\k\p\In.\i\p\IProsody\i a foot containing one short or unstressed syllable between two long or stressed ones. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \ICreticus\i from Greek \IKretikos\i (as \J\XCretan\x)\j\c
<hw>cretin</hw> \K/"krEtIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMed\i a person who is deformed and mentally retarded as the result of a thyroid deficiency.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i a stupid person. \Bcretinism\b\p\In.\i\p\Bcretinize\b \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise).\b \Bcretinous\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \IcrΘtin\i via Swiss French \Icreitin,\i \Icrestin\i from Latin \IChristianus\i \J\XChristian\x\j\c
<hw>cretonne</hw> \K/krE"tQn/, /"krEtQn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(often \Battrib.)\b\i \ITextiles\i a heavy cotton fabric with a usu. floral pattern printed on one or both sides, used for upholstery. \BEtymology:\b \3French, of unknown origin\c
<hw>Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease</hw> \K/krOItsfElt"jakQb/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a type of spongiform encephalopathy affecting human beings, characterized by progressive dementia.\Knew in COD9 f. OEED Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3named after H. G. \ICreutzfeldt\i (d. 1964) and A. \IJakob\i (d. 1931), German physicians\c
<hw>crevasse</hw> \K/krI"vas/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IGeol\i a deep open crack, esp. in a glacier.\p\B2\b \BUS\b a breach in a river levee. \BEtymology:\b \3French from Old French \Icrevace:\i see \J\Xcrevice\x\j\c
<hw>crevice</hw> \K/"krEvIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeol\i a narrow opening or fissure, esp. in a rock or building etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icrevace,\i from \Icrever\i 'burst', from Latin \Icrepare\i\c
<hw>crew (1)</hw> \K/kru:/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\I(often treated as \Bpl.)\b\i \INaut Aeron\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a body of people manning a ship, aircraft, train, etc. \Bb\b such a body as distinguished from the captain or officers. \Bc\b a body of people working together; a team.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i a company of people; a gang \3(a motley crew).\c\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i supply or act as a crew or member of a crew for.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i act as a crew or member of a crew. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icreⁿe\i 'increase', fem. past part. of \Icroistre\i 'grow', from Latin \Icrescere\i\c
<hw>crew-cut</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IHairdressing\i a very short haircut.
<hw>crewel</hw> \K/"kru:\F'\nl/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITextiles\i a thin worsted yarn used for tapestry and embroidery. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English \Icrule\i etc., of unknown origin\c
<hw>crewel work</hw>\p\In.\i\p\INeedlework\i a design worked in crewel on linen or cloth.
<hw>crewman</hw> \K/"kru:m\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-men)\b a member of a crew.
<hw>crew neck</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IClothing\i a close-fitting round neckline, esp. on a sweater.
<hw>crib</hw> \K/krIb/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \IFurniture\i a child's bed with barred or latticed sides; a cot. \Bb\b \BBrit.\b \IRelig\i a model of the Nativity of Christ, with a manger as a bed.\p\B2\b a barred container or rack for animal fodder.\p\B3\b \Icolloq.\i \IEducation\i \Ba\b a translation of a text for the (esp. surreptitious) use of students. \Bb\b plagiarized work etc.\p\B4\b a small house or cottage.\p\B5\b \IMining\i a framework lining the shaft of a mine.\p\B6\b \ICards\i \Icolloq.\i \Ba\b cribbage. \Bb\b a set of cards given to the dealer at cribbage by all the players.\p\B7\b \IBuilding\i heavy crossed timbers used in foundations in loose soil etc.\p\B8\b \Islang\i a brothel.\p\B9\b \BAustral.\b & \BNZ\b \IFood\i a light meal; food. \Iv.tr.\i \I(also \Babsol.)\b\i \B(cribbed,\b \Bcribbing)\b\p\B1\b \Icolloq.\i copy (another person's work) unfairly or without acknowledgement.\p\B2\b confine in a small space.\p\B3\b \Icolloq.\i pilfer, steal.\p\B4\b \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i grumble. \Bcribber\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Icrib(b)\i\c
<hw>cribbage</hw> \K/"krIbIdZ/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICards\i a card game for two, three, or four players, in which the dealer may score from the cards in the crib (see \J\Xcrib\x 6b).\j \BEtymology:\b \317th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>cribbage board</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IGames\i a board with pegs and holes used for scoring at cribbage.
<hw>crib-biting</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IVet\i a horse's habit of biting the manger while noisily breathing in and swallowing.
<hw>crick</hw> \K/krIk/\k \In. & v.\i \IMed\i\p\In.\i\pa sudden painful stiffness in the neck or the back etc. \Iv.tr.\i produce a crick in (the neck etc.). \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English: origin unknown\c
<hw>cricket (1)</hw> \K/"krIkIt/\k \In. & v.\i \ICricket Sport\i\p\In.\i\pa game played on a grass pitch with two teams of 11 players taking turns to bowl at a wicket defended by a batting player of the other team. \Iv.intr.\i \B(cricketed,\b \Bcricketing)\b play cricket.\p\1not cricket\c \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i underhand or dishonourable behaviour contrary to traditional standards. \Bcricketer\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \316th c.: origin uncertain\c
<hw>cricket (2)</hw> \K/"krIkIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i any of various grasshopper-like insects of the order Orthoptera and esp. of the family Gryllidae, the males of which produce a characteristic chirping sound. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Icriquet,\i from \Icriquer\i 'creak' (imitative)\c
<hw>cricket bag</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICricket\i a long bag used for carrying a cricketer's bat etc.
<hw>cricoid</hw> \K/"krVIkOId/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i ring-shaped.\p\In.\i\p(in full \Bcricoid cartilage)\b \IAnat.\i the ring-shaped cartilage of the larynx. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \Icricoides\i from Greek \Ikrikoeides,\i from \Ikrikos\i 'ring'\c
\B\Icri de c£ur\b\i \K/kri: d\F'\n "k\F'\n:/, French /kri d\F'\n k9r/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B\Icris de c£ur\b\i \Ipronunc.\i same) a passionate appeal, complaint, or protest. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = cry from the heart\c
<hw>cried</hw> \I\Ipast\i and \Ipast part.\i of\i \J\Xcry\x.\j
<hw>crier</hw> \K/"krVI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcryer)\b\p\B1\b a person who cries.\p\B2\b \ILaw\i an officer who makes public announcements in a court of justice. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Anglo-French \Icriour,\i Old French \Icriere,\i from \Icrier\i \J\Xcry\x\j\c
<hw>crikey</hw> \K/"krVIki/\k \Iint.\i \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i an expression of astonishment. \BEtymology:\b \3euphemism for \J\XChrist\x\j\c
<hw>crime</hw> \K/krVIm/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ILaw\i \Ba\b a serious offence punishable by law. \Bb\b illegal acts as a whole \3(resorted to crime).\c\p\B2\b an evil act \3(a crime against humanity).\c\p\B3\b \Icolloq.\i a shameful act \3(a crime to tease them).\c\p\B4\b \BBrit.\b \IMil\i a soldier's offence against military regulations. \Iv.tr.\i \BBrit.\b \IMil. etc.\i charge with or convict of an offence. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Icrimen -minis\i 'judgement, offence'\c
<hw>crime fighter</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICriminol.\i a person who fights crime. \Bcrime-fighting\b\p\In.\i\p\Knew f. corpus Sep 93\k
\B\Icrime passionnel\b\i \K/%kri:m pasj\F'\n"nEl/, French /krim pAsjOnEl/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B\Icrimes passionnels\b\i \Ipronunc.\i same) \ICriminol\i a crime, esp. murder, committed in a fit of sexual jealousy. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = crime of passion\c
<hw>crime sheet</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IMil.\i a record of a defendant's offences.
<hw>crime wave</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICriminol\i a sudden increase in crime.
<hw>crime writer</hw>\p\In.\i\pa writer of detective fiction or thrillers.
<hw>criminal</hw> \K/"krImIn(\F'\n)l/\k \In. & adj.\i \ILaw Criminol\i\p\In.\i\pa person who has committed a crime or crimes. \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of, involving, or concerning crime \3(criminal records;\c \2criminal offence).\c\p\B2\b having committed (and usu. been convicted of) a crime.\p\B3\b \ILaw\i relating to or expert in criminal law rather than civil or political matters \3(criminal code;\c \2criminal lawyer).\c\p\B4\b \Icolloq.\i scandalous, deplorable. \Bcriminality\b \K/-"nalIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bcriminally\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Late Latin \Icriminalis\i (as \J\Xcrime\x)\j\c
<hw>criminalistic</hw> \K/%krImIn\F'\n"lIstIk/\k \Iadj.\i \ILaw Criminol\i relating to criminals or their habits.
<hw>criminalize</hw> \K/"krImIn(\F'\n)lVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b \ICriminol.\i\p\B1\b turn (an activity) into a criminal offence by making it illegal.\p\B2\b turn (a person) into a criminal, esp. by making his or her activities illegal. \Bcriminalization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Knew f. corpus Sep 93\k
<hw>criminal law</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i law concerned with punishment of offenders \I(opp.\i \J\Xcivil law\x 1).\j
<hw>criminal libel</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i a deliberate defamatory statement in a permanent form.
<hw>criminal record</hw> \Isee\i \J\Xrecord\x\p\In.\i\p6.\j\Knew as hwd Sept 94\k
<hw>criminology</hw> \K/krImI"nQl\F'\ndZi/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICriminol Law\i the scientific study of crime. \Bcriminological\b \K/-n\F'\n"lQdZIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Bcriminologist\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icrimen -minis\i \J\Xcrime\x\j + \J\X-ology\x\j\c
<hw>crimp</hw> \K/krImp/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b compress into small folds or ridges; frill.\p\B2\b make narrow wrinkles or flutings in; corrugate.\p\B3\b \IHairdressing\i make waves in (the hair) with a hot iron.\p\In.\i\pa crimped thing or form.\p\1put a crimp in\c \BN. Amer.\b \Islang\i thwart; interfere with. \Bcrimper\b\p\In.\i\p\Bcrimpy\b \Iadj.\i \Bcrimpily\b \Iadv.\i \Bcrimpiness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, probably ultimately from Old High German \Ikrimphan\i\c
<hw>crimplene</hw> \K/"krImpli:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITextiles\i \Ipropr.\i a synthetic crease-resistant fibre and fabric.
<hw>crimson</hw> \K/"krImz(\F'\n)n/\k \Iadj., n., & v.\i \Iadj.\i of a rich deep red inclining to purple.\p\In.\i\pthis colour. \Iv.tr. & intr.\i make or become crimson. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English \Icremesin,\i \Icrimesin,\i ultimately from Arabic \Ikirmizi\i \J\Xkermes\x\j\c
<hw>cringe</hw> \K/krIn(d)Z/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.intr.\i \B(cringing)\b\Kcringing new in COD9 f. COD box evidence Sep 93\k\p\B1\b shrink back in fear or apprehension; cower.\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i behave obsequiously.\p\In.\i\pthe act or an instance of cringing. \Bcringer\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English \Icrenge,\i \Icrenche,\i Old English \Icringan,\i \Icrincan:\i see \J\Xcrank\x (1)\j\c
<hw>cringle</hw> \K/"krINg(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\INaut.\i an eye of rope containing a thimble for another rope to pass through. \BEtymology:\b \3Low German \Ikringel,\i diminutive of \Ikring\i 'ring', from the root of \J\Xcrank\x (1)\j\c
<hw>crinkle</hw> \K/"krINk(\F'\n)l/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\pa wrinkle or crease in paper, cloth, etc.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i form crinkles.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i form crinkles in. \Bcrinkly\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old English \Icrincan:\i see \J\Xcrank\x (1)\j\c
<hw>crinkle-cut</hw> \Iadj.\i \ICookery\i (of vegetables) cut with wavy edges.
<hw>crinoid</hw> \K/"krVInOId/\k \In. & adj.\i \IZool.\i\p\In.\i\pany echinoderm of the class Crinoidea, usu. sedentary with feathery arms, e.g. sea lilies and feather stars. \Iadj.\i of or relating to this class. \Bcrinoidal\b \K/-"nOId(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ikrinoeides\i 'lily-like' from \Ikrinon\i 'lily'\c
<hw>crinoline</hw> \K/"krIn(\F'\n)lIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IClothing\i a stiffened or hooped petticoat formerly worn to make a long skirt stand out.\p\B2\b \ITextiles\i a stiff fabric of horsehair etc. used for linings, hats, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3French, from Latin \Icrinis\i 'hair' + \Ilinum\i 'thread'\c
<hw>cripple</hw> \K/"krIp(\F'\n)l/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\Iarchaic\i or \Ioffens.\i \IMed\i a person who is permanently lame. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b make a cripple of; lame.\p\B2\b disable, impair.\p\B3\b weaken or damage (an institution, enterprise, etc.) seriously \3(crippled by the loss of funding).\c \Bcrippledom\b\p\In.\i\p\Kcripplehood omitted Sep 93\k \Bcrippler\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Icrypel,\i related to \J\Xcreep\x\j\c The term \Icripple\i is no longer acceptable as a noun referring to a person. \IDisabled\i is usually used instead.
<hw>cris</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xkris\x.\j
<hw>crisis</hw> \K/"krVIsIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bcrises\b \K/-si:z/\k)\p\B1\b \Ba\b a decisive moment. \Bb\b a time of danger or great difficulty.\p\B2\b \IMed\i the turning point, esp. of a disease. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin from Greek \Ikrisis\i 'decision', from \Ikrino\i 'decide'\c
<hw>crisis management</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i the practice of taking managerial action only when a crisis has developed.\Knew f. SOED Sep 93\k
<hw>crisp</hw> \K/krIsp/\k \Iadj., n., & v.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b hard but brittle.\p\B2\b \Ba\b (of air) bracing. \Bb\b (of a style or manner) lively, brisk and decisive. \Bc\b (of features etc.) neat and clear-cut. \Bd\b (of paper) stiff and crackling. \Be\b (of hair) closely curling.\p\In.\i\p(in full \Bpotato crisp)\b \BBrit.\b \IFood\i a wafer-thin slice of potato fried until crisp and eaten as a snack or appetizer. \Iv.tr. & intr.\i\p\B1\b make or become crisp.\p\B2\b curl in short stiff folds or waves.\p\1burn to a crisp\c make inedible or useless by burning. \Bcrisply\b \Iadv.\i \Bcrispness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English from Latin \Icrispus\i 'curled'\c
<hw>crispate</hw> \K/"krIspeIt/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b crisped.\p\B2\b \IBot.\i & \IZool.\i \IAnat\i having a wavy margin. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icrispare\i 'curl'\c
<hw>crispbread</hw> \K/"krIspbrEd/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFood\i\p\B1\b a thin crisp biscuit of crushed rye etc.\p\B2\b these collectively \3(a packet of crispbread).\c
<hw>crisper</hw> \K/"krIsp\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i a compartment in a refrigerator for storing fruit and vegetables.
<hw>criss-cross</hw> \K/"krIskrQs/\k \In., adj., adv., & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a pattern of crossing lines.\p\B2\b the crossing of lines or currents etc. \Iadj.\i crossing; in cross lines \3(criss-cross marking).\c \Iadv.\i crosswise; at cross purposes.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \Ba\b intersect repeatedly. \Bb\b move crosswise.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i mark or make with a criss-cross pattern. \BEtymology:\b \317th c., from \IChrist's cross:\i later treated as reduplication of \J\Xcross\x\j\c
<hw>crista</hw> \K/"krIst\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bcristae\b \K/-ti:/\k)\p\B1\b \IAnat.\i & \IZool.\i a ridge or crest.\p\B2\b \IAnat.\i an inward fold of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion. \Bcristate\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin\c
<hw>cristobalite</hw> \K/krI"st\F'\nUb\F'\nlVIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMineral.\i a principal form of silica, occurring as opal. \BEtymology:\b \3German \ICristobalit,\i from Cerro San \ICrist≤bal\i in Mexico, where it was discovered\c
<hw>criterion</hw> \K/krVI"tI\F'\nrI\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bcriteria\b \K/-rI\F'\n/\k) a principle or standard that a thing is judged by. \Bcriterial\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ikriterion\i 'means of judging' (cf. \J\Xcritic\x)\j\c The plural form of \Icriterion,\i \Icriteria,\i is often used incorrectly as the singular. In the singular, \Icriterion\i should always be used.
<hw>critic</hw> \K/"krItIk/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person who censures.\p\B2\b \ITheatr Mus Journalism\i a person who reviews or judges the merits of literary, artistic, or musical works etc., esp. regularly or professionally.\p\B3\b a person engaged in textual criticism. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icriticus\i from Greek \Ikritikos,\i via \Ikrites\i 'judge' from \Ikrino\i 'judge, decide'\c
<hw>critical</hw> \K/"krItIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b making or involving adverse or censorious comments or judgements. \Bb\b expressing or involving criticism.\p\B2\b skilful at or engaged in criticism.\p\B3\b providing textual criticism \3(a critical edition of Milton).\c\p\B4\b \Ba\b of or at a crisis; involving risk or suspense \3(in a critical condition;\c \2a critical operation).\c \Bb\b decisive, crucial \3(of critical importance;\c \2at the critical moment).\c\p\B5\b \Ba\b \IMath.\i & \IPhysics\i marking a transition from one state etc. to another \3(critical angle).\c \Bb\b \IPhysics\i (of a nuclear reactor) maintaining a self-sustaining chain reaction. \Bcriticality\b \K/-"kalIti/\k\p\In.\i\p(in sense 5). \Bcritically\b \Iadv.\i \Bcriticalness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icriticus:\i see \J\Xcritic\x\j\c
<hw>critical mass</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i\p\B1\b the amount of fissile material needed to maintain a nuclear chain reaction.\p\B2\b the minimum size required to start a thing off or to keep a thing going.\K2 new f. incomings Dec 94\k
<hw>critical path</hw>\p\In.\i\pthe sequence of stages determining the minimum time needed for an operation.
<hw>critical temperature</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i the temperature above which a gas cannot be liquefied by pressure.
<hw>criticaster</hw> \K/krItI"kast\F'\n/, /"krItIkast\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pa minor or inferior critic.
<hw>criticism</hw> \K/"krItIsIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b finding fault; censure. \Bb\b a statement or remark expressing this.\p\B2\b \Ba\b the work of a critic. \Bb\b an article, essay, etc., expressing or containing an analytical evaluation of something. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xcritic\x\j or Latin \Icriticus\i + \J\X-ism\x\j\c
<hw>critique</hw> \K/krI"ti:k/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\pa critical essay or analysis; an instance or the process of formal criticism. \Iv.tr.\i \B(critiques,\b \Bcritiqued,\b \Bcritiquing)\b discuss critically. \BEtymology:\b \3French, from Greek \Ikritike tekhne\i 'critical art'\c
<hw>critter</hw> \K/"krIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Idial.\i or \Ijoc.\i a creature.\p\B2\b \Iderog.\i a person. \BEtymology:\b \3variant of \J\Xcreature\x\j\c
<hw>croak</hw> \K/kr\F'\nUk/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a deep hoarse sound as of a frog or a raven.\p\B2\b a sound resembling this.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \Iintr.\i utter a croak. \Bb\b \Itr.\i utter with a croak or in a dismal manner.\p\B2\b \Islang\i \Ba\b \Iintr.\i die. \Bb\b \Itr.\i kill. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English: imitative\c
<hw>croaker</hw> \K/"kr\F'\nUk\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool\i an animal that croaks.\p\B2\b a prophet of evil.
<hw>croaky</hw> \K/"kr\F'\nUki/\k \Iadj.\i \B(croakier,\b \Bcroakiest)\b (of a voice) croaking; hoarse. \Bcroakily\b \Iadv.\i\Kcroakiness omitted Oct 93\k
<hw>Croat</hw> \K/"kr\F'\nUat/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \IPeople\i a native of Croatia in the former Yugoslavia. \Bb\b a person of Croatian descent.\p\B2\b \ILanguage\i the Slavonic dialect of the Croats \I(cf.\i \J\XSerbo-Croat\x).\j \Iadj.\i of or relating to the Croats or their dialect. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \ICroatae\i from Serbo-Croatian \IHrvat\i\c
<hw>croc</hw> \K/krQk/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i \Icolloq.\i a crocodile. \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation\c
<hw>croceate</hw> \K/"kr\F'\nUsIeIt/\k \Iadj.\i saffron-coloured. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icroceus\i from \J\Xcrocus\x\j\c
<hw>crochet</hw> \K/"kr\F'\nUSeI/, /-Si/\k \In. & v.\i \INeedlework\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a handicraft in which yarn is made up into a patterned fabric by means of a hooked needle.\p\B2\b work made in this way.\p\Iv.\i\p\B(crocheted\b \K/-SeId/\k; \Bcrocheting\b \K/-SeIIN/\k)\p\B1\b \Itr.\i make by crocheting.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i do crochet. \Bcrocheter\b \K/"kr\F'\nUSeI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French, diminutive of \Icroc\i 'hook'\c
<hw>croci</hw> \I\Ipl.\i\i of \J\Xcrocus\x.\j
<hw>crocidolite</hw> \K/kr\F'\n(U)"sId\F'\nlVIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMineral\i a fibrous blue or green silicate of iron and sodium; blue asbestos. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ikrokis -idos\i 'nap of cloth'\c
<hw>crock (1)</hw> \K/krQk/\k \In. & v.\i \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an inefficient, broken-down, or worn-out person.\p\B2\b \ITransport\i a worn-out vehicle, ship, etc.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bup)\b\i break down, collapse.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bup)\b\i disable, cause to collapse. \BEtymology:\b \3originally Scots, perhaps from Flemish: probably related to \J\Xcrack\x\j\c
<hw>crock (2)</hw> \K/krQk/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an earthenware pot or jar.\p\B2\b a broken piece of earthenware. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Icroc(ca)\i\c
<hw>crockery</hw> \K/"krQk(\F'\n)ri/\k\p\In.\i\pearthenware or china dishes, plates, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3obsolete \Icrocker\i 'potter': see \J\Xcrock\x (2)\j\c
<hw>crocket</hw> \K/"krQkIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IArchit.\i a small carved ornament (usu. a bud or curled leaf) on the inclined side of a pinnacle etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from a variant of Old French \Icrochet:\i see \J\Xcrochet\x\j\c
<hw>crocodile</hw> \K/"krQk\F'\ndVIl/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool\i \Ba\b a large tropical or subtropical amphibious reptile (crocodilian) of the family Crocodylidae, with long jaws (narrower than those of an alligator). \Bb\b \ILeather\i leather from its skin, used to make bags, shoes, etc.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i a line of schoolchildren etc. walking in pairs. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icocodrille,\i medieval Latin \Icocodrillus,\i and Latin \Icrocodilus\i from Greek \Ikrokodilos\i 'worm of the stones', from \Ikroke\i 'pebble' + \Idrilos\i 'worm'\c
<hw>crocodile clip</hw>\p\In.\i\pa clip with teeth for gripping.
<hw>crocodile tears</hw>\p\In.\i\pinsincere grief (from the belief that crocodiles wept while devouring or alluring their prey).
<hw>crocodilian</hw> \K/krQk\F'\n"dIlI\F'\nn/\k \In. & adj.\i \IZool.\i\p\In.\i\pany large predatory amphibious reptile of the order Crocodilia, with long jaws, short legs, and a powerful tail, including crocodiles, alligators, caymans, and gharials. \Iadj.\i of or relating to the crocodilians.\Knew f. OERD, NSOED Jun 94\k
<hw>crocus</hw> \K/"kr\F'\nUk\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bcrocuses\b or \Bcroci\b \K/-kVI/, /-ki:/\k) \IBot\i a small spring-flowering plant of the genus \ICrocus\i (iris family), growing from a corm and having bright yellow, purple, or white flowers. \ISee also\i \J\Xautumn crocus\x.\j\Kcroci new f. corpus Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, = saffron (obtained from a species of crocus), via Latin from Greek \Ikrokos\i 'crocus', of Semitic origin\c
<hw>Croesus</hw> \K/"kri:s\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\pa person of great wealth. \BEtymology:\b \3name of a king of Lydia (6th c. bc)\c
<hw>croft</hw> \K/krQft/\k \In. & v.\i \BBrit.\b\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an enclosed piece of (usu. arable) land.\p\B2\b \IAgriculture\i a small rented farm in Scotland or northern England. \Iv.intr.\i farm a croft; live as a crofter. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English: origin unknown\c
<hw>crofter</hw> \K/"krQft\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IAgriculture\i a person who rents a smallholding, esp. a joint tenant of a divided farm in parts of Scotland.
<hw>Crohn's disease</hw> \K/"kr\F'\nUnz/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed.\i a chronic inflammatory disease of the intestines, esp. the colon and ileum, causing ulcers and fistulae.\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3named after B. B. \ICrohn,\i US pathologist d. 1983\c
<hw>croissant</hw> \K/"krwasQN/\k\p\In.\i\pa crescent-shaped roll made of rich yeast pastry. \BEtymology:\b \3French, formed as \J\Xcrescent\x\j\c
<hw>Cro-Magnon</hw> \K/kr\F'\nU"manjQ~/, /-"magn\F'\nn/\k \Iadj.\i \IAnthropol.\i of a tall broad-faced European race of late palaeolithic times. \BEtymology:\b \3name of a hill in the Dordogne, France, where remains were found in 1868\c
<hw>cromlech</hw> \K/"krQmlEk/\k\p\In.\i\p\IArchaeol\i\p\B1\b (in Wales) a megalithic tomb.\p\B2\b (in Brittany) a stone circle. \BEtymology:\b \3Welsh (from \Icrom,\i fem. of \Icrwm\i 'arched' + \Illech\i 'flat stone'); in sense 2 via French from Breton \Ikrommlec'h\i\c
<hw>crone</hw> \K/kr\F'\nUn/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a withered old woman.\p\B2\b \IZool\i an old ewe. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, ultimately from Old Northern French \Icarogne\i \J\Xcarrion\x\j\c
<hw>crony</hw> \K/"kr\F'\nUni/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \Ioften derog.\i a close friend or companion. \BEtymology:\b \317th-c. \Ichrony,\i Cambridge university slang, from Greek \Ikhronios\i 'long-standing' from \Ikhronos\i 'time'\c
<hw>crook</hw> \K/krUk/\k \In., v., & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IEccl\i the hooked staff of a shepherd or bishop.\p\B2\b \Ba\b a bend, curve, or hook. \Bb\b anything hooked or curved.\p\B3\b \Icolloq.\i \Ba\b a rogue; a swindler. \Bb\b \ICriminol\i a professional criminal. \Iv.tr. & intr.\i bend, curve. \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b crooked.\p\B2\b \BAustral.\b & \BNZ\b \Icolloq.\i \Ba\b unsatisfactory, out of order; (of a person) unwell, injured. \Bb\b unpleasant. \Bc\b dishonest, unscrupulous. \Bd\b bad-tempered, irritable, angry.\p\1go crook\c \I(usu. foll. by \Bat,\b \Bon)\b\i \BAustral.\b & \BNZ\b \Icolloq.\i lose one's temper; become angry. \Bcrookery\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old Norse \Ikr≤kr\i 'hook'\c
<hw>crookback</hw> \K/"krUkbak/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnat\i a hunchback. \Bcrookbacked\b \Iadj.\i\Kcrookbacked subsumed Aug 92 aaw\k
<hw>crooked</hw> \K/"krUkId/\k \Iadj.\i \B(crookeder,\b \Bcrookedest)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b not straight or level; bent, curved, twisted. \Bb\b deformed, bent with age.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i not straightforward; dishonest.\p\B3\b \K/krUkt/\k \BAustral.\b & \BNZ\b \Islang\i = \J\Xcrook\x \Iadj.\i 2.\j\p\B4\b \I(foll. by \Bon)\b\i \BAustral.\b \Islang\i hostile to. \Bcrookedly\b \Iadv.\i \Bcrookedness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from \J\Xcrook\x,\j probably modelled on Old Norse \Ikr≤k≤ttr\i\c
<hw>croon</hw> \K/kru:n/\k \Iv. & n.\i \IMus\i \Iv.tr. & intr.\i hum or sing in a low subdued voice, esp. in a sentimental manner.\p\In.\i\psuch singing. \Bcrooner\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English (originally Scots & northern English) from Middle Dutch & Middle Low German \Ikronen\i 'groan, lament'\c
<hw>crop</hw> \K/krQp/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IAgriculture\i \Ba\b the produce of cultivated plants, esp. cereals. \Bb\b the season's total yield of this \3(a good crop).\c\p\B2\b a group or an amount produced or appearing at one time \3(this year's crop of students).\c\p\B3\b (in full \Bhunting crop)\b \ISport Hunting\i the stock or handle of a whip.\p\B4\b \IHairdressing\i \Ba\b a style of hair cut very short. \Bb\b the cropping of hair.\p\B5\b \IZool.\i \IAnat\i \Ba\b the pouch in a bird's gullet where food is stored or prepared for digestion. \Bb\b a similar organ in other animals.\p\B6\b \ILeather\i the entire tanned hide of an animal.\p\B7\b a piece cut off or out of something.\p\Iv.\i\p\B(cropped,\b \Bcropping)\b\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b cut off. \Bb\b \IZool\i (of animals) bite off and eat (the tops of plants).\p\B2\b \Itr.\i cut (hair, cloth, edges of a book, etc.) short.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i gather or reap (produce).\p\B4\b \Itr.\i \I(foll. by \Bwith)\b\i sow or plant (land) with a crop.\p\B5\b \Iintr.\i (of land) bear a crop.\p\Bcrop out\b \IGeol.\i appear at the surface.\p\Bcrop up\b\p\B1\b (of a subject, circumstance, etc.) appear or come to one's notice unexpectedly.\p\B2\b \IGeol.\i appear at the surface. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Icrop(p)\i\c
<hw>crop circle</hw>\p\In.\i\pa circular depression in a standing crop, often only visible from the air.
<hw>crop dusting</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAgriculture\i the spraying of powdered insecticide or fertilizer on crops, esp. from the air.
<hw>crop-eared</hw> \Iadj.\i having the ears (esp. of animals) or hair cut short.
<hw>crop-full</hw> \Iadj.\i \IAnat\i having a full crop or stomach.
<hw>crop-over</hw>\p\In.\i\pa W. Indian celebration marking the end of the sugar cane harvest.
<hw>cropper</hw> \K/"krQp\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAgriculture\i a crop-producing plant of specified quality \3(a good cropper;\c \2a heavy cropper).\c\p\1come a cropper\c \Icolloq.\i\p\B1\b fall heavily.\p\B2\b fail badly.
<hw>croquet</hw> \K/"kr\F'\nUkeI/, /-ki/\k \In. & v.\i \ISport Croquet\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a game played on a lawn, with wooden balls which are driven through a series of hoops with mallets.\p\B2\b the act of croqueting a ball. \Iv.tr.\i \B(croqueted\b \K/-keId/\k; \Bcroqueting\b \K/-keIIN/\k) drive away (one's opponent's ball in croquet) by placing one's own against it and striking one's own. \BEtymology:\b \3perhaps a dialect form of French \J\Xcrochet\x\j 'hook'\c
<hw>croquette</hw> \K/krQ"kEt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFood\i a fried breaded roll or ball of mashed potato or minced meat etc. \BEtymology:\b \3French from \Icroquer\i 'crunch'\c
<hw>crore</hw> \K/krO:/\k\p\In.\i\p\BAnglo-Ind.\b\p\B1\b ten million.\p\B2\b one hundred lakhs (of rupees, units of measurement, persons, etc.). \BEtymology:\b \3Hindi \Ik(a)ror,\i ultimately from Sanskrit \Ikoti\i 'apex'\c
<hw>crosier</hw> \K/"kr\F'\nUzI\F'\n/, /-Z\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcrozier)\b\p\B1\b \IEccl\i a hooked staff carried by a bishop as a symbol of pastoral office.\p\B2\b a crook. \BEtymology:\b \3originally = bearer of a crook, via Old French \Icrocier\i & Old French \Icroisier\i from \Icrois\i \J\Xcross\x\j\c
<hw>cross</hw> \K/krQs/\k \In., v., & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an upright post with a transverse bar, as used in antiquity for crucifixion.\p\B2\b \IRelig\i \Ba\b \B(the Cross)\b in Christianity, the cross on which Christ was crucified. \Bb\b a representation of this as an emblem of Christianity. \Bc\b = \J\Xsign of the cross\x.\j\p\B3\b \IEccl\i a staff surmounted by a cross and borne before an archbishop or in a religious procession.\p\B4\b \Ba\b a thing or mark shaped like a cross, esp. a figure made by two short intersecting lines (+ or ╫).\Kcer\k \Bb\b a monument in the form of a cross, esp. one in the centre of a town or on a tomb.\p\B5\b a cross-shaped decoration indicating rank in some orders of knighthood or awarded for personal valour.\p\B6\b \IZool\i \Ba\b an intermixture of animal breeds or plant varieties. \Bb\b an animal or plant resulting from this.\p\B7\b \I(foll. by \Bbetween)\b\i a mixture or compromise of two things.\p\B8\b \Ba\b \ITheatr\i a crosswise movement, e.g. of an actor on stage. \Bb\b \IFootball etc.\i a pass of the ball across the pitch esp. towards the centre. \Bc\b \IBoxing\i a blow with a crosswise movement of the fist.\p\B9\b a trial or affliction; something to be endured \3(bear one's crosses).\c\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bover;\b\i \Ialso \Babsol.)\b\i go across or to the other side of (a road, river, sea, etc.).\p\B2\b \Ba\b \Iintr.\i intersect or be across one another \3(the roads cross near the bridge).\c \Bb\b \Itr.\i cause to do this; place crosswise \3(cross one's legs).\c\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b draw a line or lines across. \Bb\b \BBrit.\b \ICommerce\i mark (a cheque) with two parallel lines, and often an annotation, to indicate that it must be paid into a named bank account.\p\B4\b \Itr.\i \I(foll. by \Boff,\b \Bout,\b \Bthrough)\b\i cancel or obliterate or remove from a list with lines drawn across.\p\B5\b \Itr.\i \I(often \Brefl.)\b\i \IRelig\i make the sign of the cross on or over.\p\B6\b \Iintr.\i \Ba\b pass in opposite or different directions. \Bb\b (of letters between two correspondents) each be dispatched before receipt of the other. \Bc\b (of telephone lines) become wrongly interconnected so that intrusive calls can be heard.\p\B7\b \Itr.\i \IFootball etc.\i pass (the ball) across the pitch, esp. towards the centre.\Ksense 7 new f. OERD Jun 94\k\p\B8\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b \IZool\i cause to interbreed. \Bb\b \IBot\i cross-fertilize (plants).\p\B9\b \Itr.\i thwart or frustrate \3(crossed in love).\c\p\B10\b \Itr.\i \Islang\i cheat. \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i peevish, angry.\p\B2\b \I(usu. \Battrib.)\b\i transverse; reaching from side to side.\p\B3\b \I(usu. \Battrib.)\b\i intersecting.\p\B4\b \I(usu. \Battrib.)\b\i contrary, opposed, reciprocal.\p\1as cross as two sticks\c \BBrit.\b extremely angry or peevish.\p\1at cross purposes\c misunderstanding or conflicting with one another.\p\1cross one's fingers\c (or \Bkeep one's fingers crossed)\b\p\B1\b put one finger across another as a sign of hoping for good luck.\p\B2\b trust in good luck.\p\1cross the floor\c \BBrit.\b join the opposing side in a debating assembly.\p\1cross one's heart\c make a solemn pledge, esp. by crossing one's front.\p\1cross one's mind\c (of a thought etc.) occur to one, esp. transiently.\p\1cross a person's palm\c \I(usu. foll. by \Bwith)\b\i pay a person for a favour.\p\1cross the path of\c\p\B1\b meet with (a person).\p\B2\b thwart.\p\1cross swords\c \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i encounter in opposition; have an argument or dispute.\p\1cross wires\c (or \Bget one's wires crossed)\b\p\B1\b \ITelephony\i become wrongly connected by telephone.\p\B2\b have a misunderstanding.\p\1on the cross\c \BBrit.\b\p\B1\b diagonally.\p\B2\b \Islang\i fraudulently, dishonestly. \Bcrossly\b \Iadv.\i \Bcrossness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Icros\i via Old Norse \Ikross\i and Old Irish \Icros\i from Latin \Icrux cruc-\i\c
<hw>cross-</hw> \K/krQs/\k \Icomb. form\i\p\B1\b denoting movement or position across something \3(cross-channel;\c \2cross-country).\c\p\B2\b denoting interaction \3(cross-breed;\c \2cross-curricular;\c \2cross-fertilize).\c\p\B3\b \Ba\b passing from side to side; transverse \3(crossbar;\c \2cross-current).\c \Bb\b having a transverse part \3(crossbow).\c\p\B4\b describing the form or figure of a cross \3(cross-keys;\c \2crossroads).\c
<hw>crossbar</hw> \K/"krQsbA:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFootball\i a horizontal bar, esp. held on a pivot or between two upright bars etc., e.g. of a bicycle or of a football goal.
<hw>cross-bedding</hw> \K/"krQsbEdIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeol.\i lines of stratification crossing the main rock strata. \IAlso called\i \Ifalse bedding.\i
<hw>cross-bench</hw> \K/"krQsbEntS/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IParl\i a seat in Parliament (now only the House of Lords) occupied by a member not taking the whip from a political party. \Bcross-bencher\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>crossbill</hw> \K/"krQsbIl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a finch of the genus \ILoxia,\i having a bill with crossed mandibles with which it opens pine cones.
<hw>crossbones</hw> \K/"krQsb\F'\nUnz/\k\p\In.\i\pa representation of two crossed thigh bones.
<hw>cross-border</hw> \Iadj.\i passing, occurring, or performed across a border between two countries.\Knew f. SOED Sep 93\k
<hw>crossbow</hw> \K/"krQsb\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMil Archery\i \Iesp. hist.\i a bow fixed across a wooden stock, with a groove for usu. a bolt and with a mechanism for drawing and releasing the string. \Bcrossbowman\b\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-men).\b
<hw>cross-breed</hw> \K/"krQsbri:d/\k \In. & v.\i \IZool Bot\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a breed of animals or plants produced by crossing.\p\B2\b an individual animal or plant of a cross-breed. \Iv.tr.\i \I(past\i and \Ipast part.\i \B-bred)\b produce by crossing.
<hw>cross-check</hw> \K/"krQstSEk/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.tr.\i check by a second or alternative method, or by several methods.\p\In.\i\pan instance of cross-checking.
<hw>cross-country</hw> \K/krQs"kVntri/\k \Iadj., adv., & n.\i \ISport\i \Iadj. & adv.\i\p\B1\b across fields or open country.\p\B2\b not keeping to main or direct roads.\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b a cross-country race.\Kn. new in COD9 f. POD Sep 93\k
<hw>cross-cultural</hw> \K/krQs"kVltS(\F'\n)r(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i of or relating to different cultures or comparison between them.\Knew f. SOED, corpus Sep 93\k
<hw>cross-cut</hw> \K/"krQskVt/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i cut across the main grain or axis.\p\In.\i\pa diagonal cut, path, etc.
<hw>cross-cut saw</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICarpentry\i a saw for cutting across the grain of wood.
<hw>cross-dating</hw> \K/"krQsdeItIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\IArchaeol.\i dating by correlation with another site or level.
<hw>cross-dressing</hw> \K/krQs"drEsIN/\k\p\In.\i\pthe practice of wearing the clothes of the opposite sex. \Bcross-dress\b \Iv.intr.\i \Bcross-dresser\b\p\In.\i\p\Knew in COD9 f. POD, NSOED Sep 93\k
<hw>crosse</hw> \K/krQs/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISport Lacrosse\i a stick with a triangular net at the end for conveying the ball in lacrosse. \BEtymology:\b \3French from Old French \Icroce,\i \Icroc\i 'hook'\c
<hw>cross-examine</hw> \K/krQsIg"zamIn/\k \Iv.tr.\i \ILaw\i examine (esp. a witness in a law court) to check or extend testimony already given. \Bcross-examination\b \K/-"neIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bcross-examiner\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>cross-eyed</hw> \K/"krQsVId/\k \Iadj.\i \IMed Optics\i (as a disorder) having one or both eyes turned permanently inwards towards the nose.
<hw>cross-fade</hw> \K/"krQsfeId/\k \Iv. & n.\i \IRadio etc.\i \Iv.intr.\i fade in one sound as another is faded out.\p\In.\i\pan act of cross-fading.\Knoun new f. SOED, incomings Sep 93\k
<hw>cross-fertilize</hw> \K/krQs"f\F'\n:tIlVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b\p\B1\b \IBiol\i fertilize (an animal or plant) from another usu. of the same species.\p\B2\b help by the interchange of ideas etc. \Bcross-fertilization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>crossfire</hw> \K/"krQsfVI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMil\i firing in two crossing directions simultaneously.\p\B2\b \Ba\b attack or criticism from several sources at once. \Bb\b a lively or combative exchange of views etc.
<hw>cross-grain</hw> \K/"krQsgreIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IForestry Carpentry\i a grain in timber that runs across the regular grain \I(often \Battrib.:\b\i \2cross-grain shrinkage).\c
<hw>cross-grained</hw> \K/"krQsgreInd/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IForestry Carpentry\i (of timber) having a cross-grain.\p\B2\b perverse, intractable.
<hw>cross-hair</hw> \K/"krQshE:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IOptics\i a fine wire at the focus of an optical instrument for use in measurement etc.
<hw>cross-hatch</hw> \K/"krQshatS/\k \Iv.tr.\i \IArt Printing\i shade with intersecting sets of parallel lines.
<hw>cross-head</hw> \K/"krQshEd/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMech\i a bar between the piston rod and connecting rod in a steam engine.\p\B2\b \IJournalism\i = \J\Xcross-heading\x.\j
<hw>cross-heading</hw> \K/"krQshEdIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\IJournalism\i a heading to a paragraph printed across a column in the body of an article in a newspaper etc.
<hw>crossing</hw> \K/"krQsIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a place where things (esp. roads) cross.\p\B2\b a place at which one may cross a street etc. \3(pedestrian crossing).\c\p\B3\b \ITransport\i a journey across water \3(had a smooth crossing).\c\p\B4\b \IEccl\i the intersection of a church nave and transepts.\p\B5\b \IBiol.\i mating.
<hw>crossing over</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBiol.\i an exchange of genes between homologous chromosomes \I(cf.\i \J\Xrecombination\x).\j
<hw>cross-legged</hw> \K/krQs"lEgd/, /-"lEgId/, /"krQs-/\k \Iadj.\i with one leg crossed over the other.
<hw>cross-link</hw> \K/"krQslINk/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcross-linkage)\b \IChem.\i a bond between chains of atoms in a polymer etc.
<hw>crossmatch</hw> \K/krQs"matS/\k \Iv.tr.\i \IMed.\i test the compatibility of (a donor's and a recipient's blood or tissue). \Bcrossmatching\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>crossover</hw> \K/"krQs\F'\nUv\F'\n/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a point or place of crossing from one side to the other.\p\B2\b the process of crossing over, esp. from one style or genre to another.\Ksense 2 new in COD9 f. POD Sep 93\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b having a part that crosses over.\p\B2\b that crosses over, esp. from one style or genre to another.\Ksense 2 new in COD9 f. POD Sep 93\k
<hw>crosspiece</hw> \K/"krQspi:s/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMech\i a transverse beam or other component of a structure etc.
<hw>cross-ply</hw> \K/"krQsplVI/\k \Iadj.\i \BBrit.\b \IMotoring\i (of a tyre) having fabric layers with cords lying crosswise.
<hw>cross-pollinate</hw> \K/krQs"pQlIneIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i \IBot\i pollinate (a plant) with pollen from another plant. \Bcross-pollination\b \K/-"neIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>cross-refer</hw> \K/krQsrI"f\F'\n:/\k \Iv.intr.\i \B(-referred,\b \B-referring)\b refer from one part of a book, article, etc., to another.
<hw>cross-reference</hw> \K/"krQsrEf(\F'\n)r(\F'\n)ns/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\pa reference from one part of a book, article, etc., to another. \Iv.tr.\i provide with cross-references.
<hw>cross-rhythm</hw> \K/"krQsrID(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMus.\i\p\B1\b a rhythm used simultaneously with another rhythm or other rhythms.\p\B2\b an instance of using two or more rhythms simultaneously.\Knew f. SOED, corpus Sep 93\k
<hw>crossroad</hw> \K/"krQsr\F'\nUd/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i an intersection of two or more roads.\p\B2\b \BUS\b a road that crosses a main road or joins two main roads.\p\1at the crossroads\c at a critical point in one's life.
<hw>cross-ruff</hw> \K/"krQsrVf/\k \In. & v.\i \IBridge etc.\i\p\In.\i\pthe alternate trumping of partners' leads. \Iv.intr.\i play in this way.
<hw>cross-section</hw> \K/krQs"sEkS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a cutting of a solid at right angles to an axis. \Bb\b a plane surface produced in this way. \Bc\b a representation of this.\p\B2\b \IStatistics\i a representative sample, esp. of people.\p\B3\b \IPhysics\i \IMeasure\i a quantity expressing the probability of interaction between subatomic particles. \Bcross-sectional\b \Iadj.\i
<hw>cross stitch</hw> \In. & v.\i \INeedlework\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a stitch formed of two stitches crossing each other.\p\B2\b needlework done using this stitch. \Iv.tr.\i \B(cross-stitch)\b sew or embroider with cross stitches.\Kverb new f. SOED Sep 93\k
<hw>cross-subsidize</hw> \K/krQs"sVbsIdVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b \ICommerce\i subsidize out of the profits of another business or activity. \Bcross-subsidy\b\p\In.\i\p\Knew f. corpus, SOED Sep 93\k
<hw>crosstalk</hw> \K/"krQstO:k/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRadio-Telephony\i\p\B1\b unwanted transfer of signals between communication channels.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b witty talk; repartee.
<hw>crosstrees</hw> \K/"krQstri:z/\k \In.pl.\i \INaut.\i a pair of horizontal timbers at the top of a lower mast, supporting the topmast.
<hw>cross-voting</hw> \K/"krQsv\F'\nUtIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i voting for a party not one's own, or for more than one party.
<hw>crosswalk</hw> \K/"krQswO:k/\k\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b & \BAustral.\b a pedestrian crossing.
<hw>crosswind</hw> \K/"krQswInd/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMeteorol\i a wind blowing across one's direction of travel.
<hw>crosswise</hw> \K/"krQswVIz/\k \Iadj. & adv.\i\p\B1\b in the form of a cross; intersecting.\p\B2\b transverse or transversely.
<hw>crossword</hw> \K/"krQsw\F'\n:d/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcrossword puzzle)\b \IGames\i a puzzle of a grid of squares and blanks into which words crossing vertically and horizontally have to be filled from clues.
<hw>crostini</hw> \K/krQ"sti:ni/\k \In.pl.\i \ICookery\i small pieces of toasted or fried bread served with a topping as a starter.\Knew in COD9 f. corpus Mar 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Italian, pl. of \Icrostino\i 'little crust'\c
<hw>crotch</hw> \K/krQtS/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnat Clothing\i a place where something forks, esp. the legs of the human body or a garment \I(cf.\i \J\Xcrutch\x 3).\j \BEtymology:\b \3perhaps = Middle English & Old French \Icroc(he)\i 'hook', formed as \J\Xcrook\x\j\c
<hw>crotchet</hw> \K/"krQtSIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b \IMus.\i a note having the time value of a quarter of a semibreve and usu. representing one beat, drawn as a large dot with a stem.\p\B2\b a whimsical fancy.\p\B3\b a hook. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Icrochet,\i diminutive of \Icroc\i 'hook' (see \J\Xcrotch\x)\j\c
<hw>croton</hw> \K/"kr\F'\nUt(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b any small tree or shrub of the genus \ICroton,\i producing a capsule-like fruit.\p\B2\b any small tree or shrub of the genus \ICodiaeum,\i esp. C. variegatum, with coloured ornamental leaves. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from Greek \Ikroton\i 'sheep-tick, croton' (from the shape of its seeds)\c
<hw>croton oil</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot Pharm\i a powerful purgative obtained from the fruit of Croton tiglium.
<hw>crouch</hw> \K/kraUtS/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.intr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bdown)\b\i lower the body with the limbs close to the chest, esp. for concealment, or (of an animal) before pouncing; be in this position.\p\In.\i\pan act of crouching; a crouching position. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, perhaps via Old French \Icrochir\i 'be bent' from \Icroc\i 'hook': cf. \J\Xcrook\x\j\c
<hw>croup (1)</hw> \K/kru:p/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i an inflammation of the larynx and trachea in children, with a hard cough and difficulty in breathing. \Bcroupy\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3dialect \Icroup\i 'to croak' (imitative)\c
<hw>croup (2)</hw> \K/kru:p/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnat\i the rump or hindquarters esp. of a horse. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Icroupe,\i related to \J\Xcrop\x\j\c
<hw>croupier</hw> \K/"kru:pI\F'\n/, /-pIeI/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IGambling Games\i the person in charge of a gaming table, raking in and paying out money etc.\p\B2\b the assistant chairperson at a public dinner, seated at the foot of the table. \BEtymology:\b \3earlier in the sense 'advisor standing behind a gambler': French, originally = rider on the croup: see \J\Xcroup\x (2)\j\c
<hw>crouton</hw> \K/"kru:tQn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFood\i a small piece of fried or toasted bread served with soup or used as a garnish. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icro√ton\i from \Icro√te\i \J\Xcrust\x\j\c
<hw>crow (1)</hw> \K/kr\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i\p\B1\b any large bird of the genus \ICorvus,\i having a powerful black beak, a harsh call, and usu. glossy black plumage.\p\B2\b any bird of the family Corvidae.\p\B3\b \Islang\i \Iderog.\i a woman, esp. an old or ugly one.\p\1as the crow flies\c in a straight line.\p\1eat crow\c \BN. Amer.\b submit to humiliation. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Icrawe,\i ultimately from West Germanic\c
<hw>crow (2)</hw> \K/kr\F'\nU/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.intr.\i \I(past\i \Bcrowed\b or \Bcrew\b \K/kru:/\k)\p\B1\b (of a cock) utter its characteristic loud cry.\p\B2\b (of a baby) utter happy cries.\p\B3\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bover)\b\i express unrestrained gleeful satisfaction.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the cry of a cock.\p\B2\b a happy cry of a baby. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Icrawan,\i of imitative origin\c
<hw>crowbar</hw> \K/"kr\F'\nUbA:/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITools\i an iron bar with a flattened end, used as a lever.
<hw>crowberry</hw> \K/"kr\F'\nUb(\F'\n)ri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IBot\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a heathlike evergreen shrub, Empetrum nigrum, bearing black berries. \Bb\b the flavourless edible berry of this plant.\p\B2\b \BUS\b a cranberry.
<hw>crowd</hw> \K/kraUd/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a large number of people gathered together, usu. without orderly arrangement.\p\B2\b a mass of spectators; an audience.\p\B3\b \Icolloq.\i a particular company or set of people \3(met the crowd from the sales department).\c\p\B4\b \I(prec. by \Bthe)\b\i the mass or multitude of people \3(go along with the crowd).\c\p\B5\b a large number (of things).\p\B6\b \ITheatr\i actors representing a crowd.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \Iintr.\i come together in a crowd. \Bb\b \Itr.\i cause to do this. \Bc\b \Iintr.\i force one's way.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b \I(foll. by \Binto)\b\i force or compress into a confined space. \Bb\b \I(often foll. by \Bwith;\b\i \Iusu. in \Bpassive)\b\i fill or make abundant with \3(was crowded with tourists).\c\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b (of a number of people) come aggressively close to. \Bb\b \Icolloq.\i harass or pressure (a person).\p\Bcrowd out\b exclude by crowding. \Bcrowdedness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Icrudan\i 'press, drive'\c
<hw>crowd-puller</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Icolloq.\i an event, person, or thing that attracts a large audience.\Knew f. SOED Sep 93\k
<hw>crowfoot</hw> \K/"kr\F'\nUfUt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i any of various aquatic plants of the genus \IRanunculus,\i with white buttercup-like flowers held above the water.
<hw>crown</hw> \K/kraUn/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a monarch's ornamental and usu. jewelled headdress.\p\B2\b \B(the Crown)\b \IPolit\i \Ba\b the monarch, esp. as head of state. \Bb\b the power or authority residing in the monarchy.\p\B3\b \Ba\b a wreath of leaves or flowers etc. worn on the head, esp. as an emblem of victory. \Bb\b an award or distinction gained by a victory or achievement, esp. in sport.\p\B4\b a crown-shaped thing, esp. a device or ornament.\p\B5\b the top part of a thing, esp. of the head or a hat.\p\B6\b \Ba\b the highest or central part of an arched or curved thing \3(crown of the road).\c \Bb\b a thing that completes or forms the summit.\p\B7\b \IBot\i the part of a plant just above and below the ground.\p\B8\b \IJewellery\i the upper part of a cut gem above the girdle.\p\B9\b \IAnat Dentistry\i \Ba\b the part of a tooth projecting from the gum. \Bb\b an artificial replacement or covering for this.\p\B10\b \ICurrency\i \Ba\b a former British coin equal to five shillings (25p). \Bb\b any of several foreign coins with a name meaning 'crown', esp. the krona or krone.\p\B11\b \IPrinting Papermaking\i a former size of paper, 504 ╫ 384 mm. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b put a crown on (a person or a person's head).\p\B2\b \IPolit\i invest (a person) with a royal crown or authority.\p\B3\b be a crown to; encircle or rest on the top of.\p\B4\b \Ba\b (often as \Bcrowning\b \Iadj.)\i be or cause to be the consummation, reward, or finishing touch to \3(the crowning glory).\c \Bb\b bring (efforts) to a happy issue.\p\B5\b \IDentistry\i fit a crown to (a tooth).\p\B6\b \Islang\i hit on the head.\p\B7\b \IDraughts\i promote (a piece in draughts) to king.\Ksense 7 new in COD9 f. POD Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Anglo-French \Icorune,\i Old French \Icorone\i from Latin \Icorona\i\c
<hw>crown cap</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcrown cork)\b \IDrink\i a cork-lined metal cap for a bottle.\Kc. cork new f. corpus, SOED, COD box Sept 94\k
<hw>Crown Colony</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i a British colony controlled by the Crown.
<hw>Crown Court</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i a court of criminal jurisdiction in England and Wales.
<hw>Crown Derby</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPorcelain\i a soft-paste porcelain made at Derby and often marked with a crown above the letter 'D'.
<hw>crown glass</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IGlass-making Optics\i glass made without lead or iron and originally in a circular sheet; used formerly in windows, now as optical glass of low refractive index.
<hw>crown green</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ISport\i a kind of bowling green rising towards the middle.
<hw>crown imperial</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a tall fritillary, Fritillaria imperialis, with a flower cluster at the top of the stalk.
<hw>crown jewels</hw> \In.pl.\i the regalia and other jewellery worn by the sovereign on certain state occasions.
<hw>Crown Office</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i (in the UK) an office of the Supreme Court transacting common-law business of Chancery.
<hw>crown of thorns</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i any starfish of the genus \IAcanthaster\i feeding on coral.
<hw>Crown prince</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i a male heir to a sovereign throne.
<hw>Crown princess</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i\p\B1\b the wife of a Crown prince.\p\B2\b a female heir to a sovereign throne.
<hw>crown roast</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i a roast of rib-pieces of pork or lamb arranged like a crown.
<hw>crown saw</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMech Carpentry\i a cylinder with a toothed edge for making a circular hole.
<hw>crown wheel</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMech\i a wheel with teeth set at right angles to its plane, esp. in the gears of motor vehicles.
<hw>crow's-foot</hw> \K/"kr\F'\nUzfUt/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-feet)\b\p\B1\b \I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i \IAnat\i a wrinkle at the outer corner of a person's eye.\p\B2\b \IMil.\i a caltrop.
<hw>crow's-nest</hw>\p\In.\i\p\INaut\i a barrel or platform fixed at the masthead of a sailing vessel as a shelter for a lookout.
<hw>crow step</hw>\p\In.\i\p\I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i \IArchit\i \I=\i \J\Xcorbie-step\x.\j \Bcrow-stepped\b \Iadj.\i\Ksing. form new f. SOED; stepped new from corpus Sept 94\k
\B\Icru\b\i \K/kru:/, French /kry/\k\p\In.\i\p\IDrink\i\p\B1\b a French vineyard or wine-producing region.\p\B2\b the grade of wine produced from it. \BEtymology:\b \3French from \Icr√\i 'grown'\c
<hw>cruces</hw> \I\Ipl.\i of\i \J\Xcrux\x.\j
<hw>crucial</hw> \K/"kru:S(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b decisive, critical.\p\B2\b \Idisp.\i very important.\p\B3\b \Islang\i excellent.\Ksense 3 new in COD9 f. ODNW Sep 93\k \Bcruciality\b \K/-SI"alIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies).\b \Bcrucially\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French, from Latin \Icrux crucis\i 'cross'\c The use of \Icrucial\i in sense 2 should be restricted to informal contexts.
<hw>crucian</hw> \K/"kru:S(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p(in full \Bcrucian carp)\b \IZool\i a yellow cyprinoid fish, Carassius carassius, allied to the goldfish. \BEtymology:\b \3Low German \Ikarusse\i etc.\c
<hw>cruciate</hw> \K/"kru:SI\F'\nt/, /-eIt/\k \Iadj.\i \Iesp. Anat.\i cross-shaped. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \Icruciatus\i from Latin (as \J\Xcrucible\x)\j\c
<hw>cruciate ligament</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAnat.\i either of a pair of ligaments in the knee which cross each other and connect the femur and the tibia.\Knew f. OERD Jun 94\k
<hw>crucible</hw> \K/"kru:sIb(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMetallurgy Chem\i a melting pot for metals etc.\p\B2\b a severe test or trial. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via medieval Latin \Icrucibulum\i 'night-lamp, crucible' (perhaps originally a lamp hanging in front of a crucifix), from Latin \Icrux crucis\i 'cross'\c
<hw>crucifer</hw> \K/"kru:sIf\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBot\i a cruciferous plant.\p\B2\b \IRelig.\i a person carrying a processional cross or crucifix.\Ksense 2 new in COD9 f. NSOED Sep 93\k
<hw>cruciferous</hw> \K/kru:"sIf(\F'\n)r\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i \IBot.\i of the plant family Cruciferae, having flowers with four petals arranged in a cross. \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Icrucifer\i (as \J\Xcrucial\x,\j \J\X-ferous\x)\j\c
<hw>crucifix</hw> \K/"kru:sIfIks/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i a model or image of a cross with a figure of Christ on it. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French and ecclesiastical Latin \Icrucifixus\i from Latin \Icruci fixus\i 'fixed to a cross'\c
<hw>crucifixion</hw> \K/kru:sI"fIkS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b crucifying or being crucified. \Bb\b an instance of this.\p\B2\b \B(Crucifixion)\b \IRelig\i \Ba\b the crucifixion of Christ. \Bb\b a representation of this. \BEtymology:\b \3ecclesiastical Latin \Icrucifixio\i (as \J\Xcrucifix\x)\j\c
<hw>cruciform</hw> \K/"kru:sIfO:m/\k \Iadj.\i \IArchit Mech\i cross-shaped (esp. of a church with transepts). \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icrux crucis\i 'cross' + \J\X-form\x\j\c
<hw>crucify</hw> \K/"kru:sIfVI/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(-ies,\b \B-ied)\b\p\B1\b put to death by fastening to a cross.\p\B2\b \Ba\b cause extreme pain to. \Bb\b persecute, torment. \Bc\b \Islang\i defeat thoroughly in an argument, match, etc. \Bcrucifier\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icrucifier\i from Late Latin \Icrucifigere\i (as \J\Xcrucifix\x)\j\c
<hw>cruck</hw> \K/krVk/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IArchit\i \Ihist.\i either of a pair of curved timbers extending to the ground in the framework of a type of medieval house-roof. \BEtymology:\b \3variant of \J\Xcrook\x\j\c
<hw>crud</hw> \K/krVd/\k\p\In.\i\p\Islang\i\p\B1\b unwanted impurities; dirt.\Ksense 1b corrosive deposit omitted Jun 94 due to lack of evidence\k\p\B2\b an unpleasant person.\p\B3\b nonsense. \Bcruddy\b \Iadj.\i \B(cruddier,\b \Bcruddiest).\b \BEtymology:\b \3variant of \J\Xcurd\x\j\c
<hw>crude</hw> \K/kru:d/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b in the natural or raw state; not refined. \Bb\b rough, unpolished; lacking finish.\p\B2\b \Ba\b (of an action or statement or manners) rude, blunt. \Bb\b offensive, indecent \3(a crude gesture).\c\p\B3\b \Ba\b \IStatistics\i (of figures) not adjusted or corrected. \Bb\b rough \3(a crude estimate).\c\p\In.\i\pnatural mineral oil. \Bcrudely\b \Iadv.\i \Bcrudeness\b\p\In.\i\p\Bcrudity\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Icrudus\i 'raw, rough'\c
<hw>cruditΘs</hw> \K/"kru:dIteI/\k \In.pl.\i \ICookery\i an hors d'oeuvre of mixed raw vegetables often served with a sauce into which they are dipped. \BEtymology:\b \3French\c
<hw>cruel</hw> \K/krU\F'\nl/\k \Iadj. & v.\i \Iadj.\i \B(crueller,\b \Bcruellest\b or \Bcrueler,\b \Bcruelest)\b\p\B1\b indifferent to or gratified by another's suffering.\p\B2\b causing pain or suffering, esp. deliberately. \Iv.tr.\i \B(cruelled,\b \Bcruelling)\b \BAustral.\b \Islang\i thwart, spoil. \Bcruelly\b \Iadv.\i \Bcruelness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Icrudelis,\i related to \Icrudus\i (as \J\Xcrude\x)\j\c
<hw>cruelty</hw> \K/"krU\F'\nlti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b a cruel act or attitude; indifference to another's suffering.\p\B2\b a succession of cruel acts; a continued cruel attitude \3(suffered much cruelty).\c\p\B3\b \ILaw\i physical or mental harm inflicted (whether or not intentional), esp. as a ground for divorce. \BEtymology:\b \3Old French \IcrualtΘ,\i ultimately from Latin \Icrudelitas\i\c
<hw>cruelty-free</hw> \Iadj.\i \ICommerce\i (of cosmetics etc.) produced without involving cruelty to animals in the development or manufacturing process.\Knew in COD9 f. OMED Sep 93\k
<hw>cruet</hw> \K/"kru:It/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFood\i\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b a small container for salt, pepper, oil, or vinegar for use at table.\p\B2\b (in full \Bcruet-stand)\b \BBrit.\b a stand holding cruets.\p\B3\b \IEccl.\i a small container for the wine and water in the celebration of the Eucharist. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Anglo-French and Old French \Icrue\i 'pot' from Old Saxon \Ikruka:\i related to \J\Xcrock\x (2)\j\c
<hw>cruise</hw> \K/kru:z/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \INaut\i make a journey by sea calling at a series of ports usu. according to a predetermined plan, esp. for pleasure.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \INaut\i sail about without a precise destination.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i \ITransport\i \Ba\b (of a motor vehicle or aircraft) travel at a moderate or economical speed. \Bb\b (of a vehicle or its driver) travel at random, esp. slowly.\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i achieve an objective, win a race etc., with ease.\p\B5\b \Iintr. & tr.\i \Islang\i walk or drive about (the streets etc.) in search of a sexual (esp. homosexual) partner.\p\In.\i\pa cruising voyage, esp. as a holiday. \BEtymology:\b \3probably from Dutch \Ikruisen\i 'to cross', from \Ikruis\i \J\Xcross\x\j\c
<hw>cruise control</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMotoring\i a device which maintains a motor vehicle at a preset constant speed without the use of the accelerator pedal.\Knew f. Incs, NSOED Oct 94\k
<hw>cruise missile</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i a missile able to fly at a low altitude and guide itself by reference to the features of the region it traverses.
<hw>cruiser</hw> \K/"kru:z\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \INaut Mil\i a warship of high speed and medium armament.\p\B2\b \INaut\i = \J\Xcabin cruiser\x.\j\p\B3\b \BN. Amer.\b \ICriminol\i a police patrol car. \BEtymology:\b \3Dutch \Ikruiser\i (as \J\Xcruise\x)\j\c
<hw>cruising speed</hw> \K/"kru:zIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITransport\i a comfortable and economical speed for a motor vehicle, below its maximum speed.
<hw>cruller</hw> \K/"krVl\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b \IFood\i a small cake made of a rich dough twisted or curled and fried in fat. \BEtymology:\b \3probably from Dutch \Ikrullen\i 'curl'\c
<hw>crumb</hw> \K/krVm/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \IFood\i a small fragment, esp. of bread. \Bb\b a small particle \3(a crumb of comfort).\c\p\B2\b \IFood\i the soft inner part of a loaf of bread.\p\B3\b \Islang\i an objectionable person. \Iv.tr.\i \ICookery\i\p\B1\b cover with breadcrumbs.\p\B2\b break into crumbs. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Icruma\i\c
<hw>crumble</hw> \K/"krVmb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr. & intr.\i break or fall into crumbs or fragments.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i (of power, a reputation, etc.) gradually disintegrate.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b \ICookery\i \Ba\b a mixture of flour and fat, rubbed to the texture of breadcrumbs and cooked as a topping for fruit etc. \Bb\b a usu. specified dish having such a topping \3(apple crumble;\c \2vegetable crumble).\c\Ksense 1b new f. GLC Sept 94\k\p\B2\b a crumbly or crumbled substance. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old English, formed as \J\Xcrumb\x\j\c
<hw>crumbly</hw> \K/"krVmbli/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i \B(crumblier,\b \Bcrumbliest)\b consisting of, or apt to fall into, crumbs or fragments.\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \Islang\i \Ioffens.\i an old person.\Knoun new f. SOED Sep 93\k \Bcrumbliness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>crumbs</hw> \K/krVmz/\k \Iint.\i \BBrit.\b \Islang\i expressing dismay or surprise. \BEtymology:\b \3euphemism for \IChrist\i\c
<hw>crumby</hw> \K/"krVmi/\k \Iadj.\i \B(crumbier,\b \Bcrumbiest)\b\p\B1\b like or covered in crumbs.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i = \J\Xcrummy\x.\j
<hw>crump</hw> \K/krVmp/\k \In. & v.\i \IMil.\i \Islang\i\p\In.\i\pthe sound of a bursting bomb or shell. \Iv.intr.\i make this sound. \BEtymology:\b \3imitative\c
<hw>crumpet</hw> \K/"krVmpIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IFood\i a soft flat cake of a yeast mixture cooked on a griddle and eaten toasted and buttered.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b \Islang\i \Ioffens.\i \Ba\b a sexually attractive person, esp. a woman. \Bb\b women regarded collectively, esp. as objects of sexual desire.\p\B3\b \BBrit.\b \Iarchaic\i \Islang\i the head. \BEtymology:\b \317th c.: origin uncertain\c
<hw>crumple</hw> \K/"krVmp(\F'\n)l/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr. & intr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bup)\b\i \Ba\b crush or become crushed into creases. \Bb\b ruffle, wrinkle.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bup)\b\i collapse, give way.\p\In.\i\pa crease or wrinkle. \Bcrumply\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3obsolete \Icrump\i \I(v.\i & \Iadj.)\i '(make or become) curved'\c
<hw>crumple zone</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMech\i a part of a motor vehicle, esp. the extreme front and rear, designed to crumple easily in a crash and absorb impact.
<hw>crunch</hw> \K/krVn(t)S/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b crush noisily with the teeth. \Bb\b grind (gravel, dry snow, etc.) under foot, wheels, etc.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bup,\b \Bthrough)\b\i make a crunching sound in walking, moving, etc.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b crunching; a crunching sound.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i a decisive event or moment. \BEtymology:\b \3earlier \Icra(u)nch\i (probably imitative), assimilated to \Imunch\i\c
<hw>crunchy</hw> \K/"krVntSi/\k \Iadj.\i \B(crunchier,\b \Bcrunchiest)\b that can be or has been crunched or crushed into small pieces; hard and crispy. \Bcrunchily\b \Iadv.\i \Bcrunchiness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>crupper</hw> \K/"krVp\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IRiding\i a strap buckled to the back of a saddle and looped under the horse's tail to hold the harness back.\p\B2\b \IAnat\i the hindquarters of a horse. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Icropiere\i (cf. \J\Xcroup\x (2))\j\c
<hw>crural</hw> \K/"krU\F'\nr(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \IAnat.\i of the leg. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icrural\i or Latin \Icruralis,\i from \Icrus cruris\i 'leg'\c
<hw>crusade</hw> \K/kru:"seId/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IRelig Mil\i \Ba\b any of several medieval military expeditions made by Europeans to recover the Holy Land from the Muslims. \Bb\b a war instigated by the Church for alleged religious ends.\p\B2\b a vigorous campaign in favour of a cause. \Iv.intr.\i engage in a crusade. \Bcrusader\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3earlier \Icroisade\i (French from \Icroix\i 'cross') or \Icrusado\i (Spanish from \Icruz\i 'cross')\c
<hw>cruse</hw> \K/kru:z/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPottery\i \Iarchaic\i an earthenware pot or jar. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Icruse,\i of unknown origin\c
<hw>crush</hw> \K/krVS/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b compress with force or violence, so as to break, bruise, etc.\p\B2\b reduce to powder by pressure.\p\B3\b crease or crumple by rough handling.\p\B4\b defeat or subdue completely \3(crushed by my reply).\c\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an act of crushing.\p\B2\b a crowded mass of people.\p\B3\b \IDrink\i a drink made from the juice of crushed fruit.\p\B4\b \Icolloq.\i \Ba\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bon)\b\i a (usu. passing) infatuation. \Bb\b the object of an infatuation \3(who's the latest crush?).\c \Bcrushable\b \Iadj.\i \Bcrusher\b\p\In.\i\p\Bcrushing\b \Iadj.\i (esp. in sense 4 of \Iv.).\i\Kcrushing new in COD9 f. COD box, NSOED Sep 93\k \Bcrushingly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Anglo-French \Icrussir,\i \Icorussier,\i Old French \Icroissir,\i \Icruissir,\i 'gnash (teeth), crack', from Romanic\c
<hw>crush bar</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ITheatr\i a place in a theatre for audiences to buy drinks in the intervals.
<hw>crush barrier</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b a barrier, esp. a temporary one, for restraining a crowd.
<hw>crust</hw> \K/krVst/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IFood\i \Ba\b the hard outer part of a loaf of bread. \Bb\b a piece of this with some soft bread attached. \Bc\b a hard dry scrap of bread. \Bd\b \Besp. Austral.\b \Islang\i a livelihood \3(what do you do for a crust?).\c\p\B2\b \ICookery\i the pastry covering of a pie.\p\B3\b a hard casing of a softer thing, e.g. a harder layer over soft snow.\p\B4\b \IGeol.\i the outer rocky portion of the earth, esp. the part overlying the mantle.\p\B5\b \Ba\b a coating or deposit on the surface of anything. \Bb\b \IMed\i a hard dry formation on the skin, a scab.\p\B6\b \IDrink\i a deposit of tartar formed in bottles of old wine.\p\B7\b \Ba\b \Islang\i impudence \3(you have a crust!).\c \Bb\b a superficial hardness of manner. \Iv.tr. & intr.\i\p\B1\b cover or become covered with a crust.\p\B2\b form into a crust. \Bcrustal\b \Iadj.\i (in sense 4 of \In.).\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icrouste\i from Latin \Icrusta\i 'rind, shell'\c
<hw>crustacean</hw> \K/krV"steIS(\F'\n)n/\k \In. & adj.\i \IZool\i\p\In.\i\pany arthropod of the subphylum Crustacea, having a hard shell and numerous legs, and usu. aquatic, e.g. the crab, lobster, and shrimp. \Iadj.\i of or relating to crustaceans. \Bcrustaceology\b \K/-SI"Ql\F'\ndZi/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bcrustaceous\b \K/-S\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \Icrustaceus\i from \Icrusta:\i see \J\Xcrust\x\j\c
<hw>crusted</hw> \K/"krVstId/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b having a crust. \Bb\b \IDrink\i (of wine) having deposited a crust.\p\B2\b antiquated, venerable.
<hw>crustose</hw> \K/krV"st\F'\nUs/\k \Iadj.\i \IBot\i (esp. of a lichen) forming or resembling a crust. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icrustosus\i from \Icrusta\i 'crust'\c\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k
<hw>crusty</hw> \K/"krVsti/\k \Iadj.\i \B(crustier,\b \Bcrustiest)\b\p\B1\b having a crisp crust \3(a crusty loaf).\c\p\B2\b irritable, curt.\p\B3\b hard, crustlike. \Bcrustily\b \Iadv.\i \Bcrustiness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>crutch</hw> \K/krVtS/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a support for a lame person, usu. with a crosspiece at the top fitting under the armpit \3(pair of crutches).\c\p\B2\b any support or prop.\p\B3\b \IAnat Clothing\i the crotch of the human body or garment. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Icryc(c),\i from Germanic\c
<hw>crux</hw> \K/krVks/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bcruxes\b or \Bcruces\b \K/"kru:si:z/\k)\p\B1\b the decisive point at issue.\p\B2\b a difficult matter; a puzzle. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = cross\c
<hw>cruzado</hw> \K/kru:"zA:d\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b \ICurrency\i the chief monetary unit of Brazil between 1988 and 1990. \BEtymology:\b \3Portuguese \Icruzado,\i \Icrusado,\i = marked with the cross\c
<hw>cruzeiro</hw> \K/kru:"zE:r\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b \ICurrency\i the chief monetary unit of Brazil 1990-93. \BEtymology:\b \3Portuguese, = large cross\c
<hw>cry</hw> \K/krVI/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B(cries,\b \Bcried)\b\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bout,\b \Bfor)\b\i make a loud or shrill sound, esp. to express pain, grief, etc., or to appeal for help.\p\B2\b \Ba\b \Iintr.\i shed tears; weep. \Bb\b \Itr.\i shed (tears).\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bout)\b\i say or exclaim loudly or excitedly.\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i \IZool\i (of an animal, esp. a bird) make a loud call.\p\B5\b \Itr.\i \ICommerce\i (of a hawker etc.) proclaim (wares etc.) in the street.\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bcries)\b\p\B1\b a loud inarticulate utterance of grief, pain, fear, joy, etc.\p\B2\b a loud excited utterance of words.\p\B3\b an urgent appeal or entreaty.\p\B4\b a spell of weeping.\p\B5\b \Ba\b public demand; a strong movement of opinion. \Bb\b a watchword or rallying call.\p\B6\b \IZool Hunting\i the natural utterance of an animal, esp. of hounds on the scent.\p\B7\b the street-call of a hawker etc.\p\Bcry down\b disparage, belittle.\p\1cry one's eyes (or heart) out\c weep bitterly.\p\1cry for the moon\c \BBrit.\b ask for what is unattainable.\p\1cry from the heart\c a passionate appeal or protest.\p\Bcry off\b \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i withdraw from a promise or undertaking.\p\Bcry out for\b demand as a self-evident requirement or solution.\p\1cry over spilt (or \BUS\b spilled) milk\c \Isee\i \J\Xmilk\x.\j\p\1cry stinking fish\c disparage one's own efforts, products, etc.\p\Bcry up\b praise, extol.\p\1cry wolf\c \Isee\i \J\Xwolf\x.\j\p\1a far cry from\c\p\B1\b a long way from.\p\B2\b a very different thing from.\p\1for crying out loud\c \Icolloq.\i an exclamation of surprise or annoyance.\p\1in full cry\c \IHunting\i (of hounds) in keen pursuit. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icrier,\i \Icri\i from Latin \Iquiritare\i 'wail'\c
<hw>cry-baby</hw>\p\In.\i\pa person, esp. a child, who sheds tears frequently.
<hw>cryer</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xcrier\x.\j
<hw>crying</hw> \K/"krVIIN/\k \Iattrib.adj.\i (of an injustice or other evil) flagrant, demanding redress \3(a crying need;\c \2a crying shame).\c
<hw>cryobiology</hw> \K/%krVI\F'\nUbVI"Ql\F'\ndZi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiol\i the biology of organisms below their normal temperatures. \Bcryobiological\b \K/-bVI\F'\n"lQdZIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Bcryobiologist\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>cryogen</hw> \K/"krVI\F'\n(U)dZ(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i a freezing-mixture; a substance used to produce very low temperatures.
<hw>cryogenics</hw> \K/krVI\F'\n(U)"dZEnIks/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i\p\B1\b the branch of physics dealing with the production and effects of very low temperatures.\p\B2\b = \J\Xcryonics\x.\j\Ksense 2 new f. OERD, incomings Jun 94\k \Bcryogenic\b \Iadj.\i
<hw>cryolite</hw> \K/"krVI\F'\nlVIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMineral.\i a lustrous sodium aluminium fluoride mineral, used in the smelting of aluminium.
<hw>cryonics</hw> \K/krVI"QnIks/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed.\i the practice or technique of deep-freezing the bodies of those who have died of an incurable disease, in the hope of a future cure. \Bcryonic\b \Iadj.\i\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED, incomings Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3contraction of \J\Xcryogenics\x\j\c
<hw>cryoprotectant</hw> \K/%krVI\F'\nUpr\F'\n"tEkt(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiochem.\i a substance that prevents the freezing of tissues, or prevents damage to cells etc. during freezing.\Knew f. OERD May 94\k
<hw>cryopump</hw> \K/"krVI\F'\nUpVmp/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i a vacuum pump using liquefied gases.
<hw>cryostat</hw> \K/"krVI\F'\n(U)stat/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i an apparatus for maintaining a very low temperature.
<hw>cryosurgery</hw> \K/krVI\F'\nU"s\F'\n:dZ(\F'\n)ri/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISurgery\i surgery using the local application of intense cold for anaesthesia or therapy.
<hw>crypt</hw> \K/krIpt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IArchit\i an underground room or vault, esp. one beneath a church, used usu. as a burial place.\p\B2\b \IAnat.\i a small tubular gland, pit, or recess.\Ksense 2 new f. OERD, NSOED Jun 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Latin \Icrypta\i from Greek \Ikrupte,\i from \Ikruptos\i 'hidden'\c
<hw>cryptanalysis</hw> \K/krIpt\F'\n"nalIsIs/\k\p\In.\i\pthe art or process of solving cryptograms by analysis; code-breaking. \Bcryptanalyst\b \K/-"an(\F'\n)lIst/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bcryptanalytic\b \K/-an\F'\n"lItIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Bcryptanalytical\b \K/-an\F'\n"lItIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xcrypto-\x\j + \J\Xanalysis\x\j\c
<hw>cryptic</hw> \K/"krIptIk/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b obscure in meaning. \Bb\b (of a crossword clue etc.) indirect; indicating the solution in a way that is not obvious. \Bc\b secret, mysterious, enigmatic.\p\B2\b \IZool.\i (of coloration etc.) serving for concealment. \Bcryptically\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Icrypticus\i from Greek \Ikruptikos\i (as \J\Xcrypto-\x)\j\c
<hw>crypto</hw> \K/"krIpt\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b \IPolit\i \Icolloq.\i a person having a secret allegiance to a political creed etc., esp. communism. \BEtymology:\b \3as \J\Xcrypto-\x\j\c
<hw>cryptocrystalline</hw> \K/krIpt\F'\nU"krIst(\F'\n)lVIn/\k \Iadj.\i \ICrystallog\i having a crystalline structure visible only when magnified.
<hw>cryptogam</hw> \K/"krIpt\F'\n(U)gam/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot.\i a plant that has no true flowers or seeds, e.g. ferns, mosses, algae, and fungi. \Bcryptogamic\b \K/-"gamIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Bcryptogamous\b \K/-"tQg\F'\nm\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icryptogame\i from modern Latin \Icryptogamae\i \I(plantae),\i formed as \J\Xcrypto-\x\j + Greek \Igamos\i 'marriage'\c
<hw>cryptogram</hw> \K/"krIpt\F'\ngram/\k\p\In.\i\pa text written in cipher.
<hw>cryptography</hw> \K/krIp"tQgr\F'\nfi/\k\p\In.\i\pthe art of writing or solving codes. \Bcryptographer\b\p\In.\i\p\Bcryptographic\b \K/-t\F'\n"grafIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Bcryptographically\b \K/-t\F'\n"grafIk(\F'\n)li/\k \Iadv.\i
<hw>cryptomeria</hw> \K/krIpt\F'\n(U)"mI\F'\nrI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a tall evergreen tree, Cryptomeria japonica, native to China and Japan, with long curved spirally arranged leaves and short cones. \IAlso called\i \IJapanese cedar.\i \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xcrypto-\x\j + Greek \Imeros\i 'part' (because the seeds are enclosed by scales)\c
<hw>crystal</hw> \K/"krIst(\F'\n)l/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMineral\i \Ba\b a clear transparent mineral, esp. rock crystal. \Bb\b a piece of this.\p\B2\b (in full \Bcrystal glass)\b \Ba\b highly transparent glass; flint glass. \Bb\b articles made of this.\p\B3\b the glass over a watch face.\p\B4\b \IElectronics\i \IPhysics\i a crystalline piece of semiconductor.\p\B5\b \IChem.\i \Ba\b \IMineral\i an aggregation of atoms or molecules with a regular internal structure and the external form of a solid enclosed by symmetrically arranged plane faces. \Bb\b a solid whose constituent particles are symmetrically arranged. \Iadj.\i \I(usu. \Battrib.)\b\i made of, like, or clear as crystal.\p\1crystal clear\c \I(hyphenated when \Battrib.)\b\i\p\B1\b unclouded, transparent.\p\B2\b readily understood.\Ksense 2 new f. OERD Jun 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Old English via Old French \Icristal\i and Latin \Icrystallum\i from Greek \Ikrustallos\i 'ice, crystal'\c
<hw>crystal ball</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ISpiritualism\i a solid globe of glass or esp. rock crystal, used in crystal-gazing.
<hw>crystal class</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICrystallog.\i each of 32 categories of crystals classified according to their symmetry.
<hw>crystal-gazing</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ISpiritualism\i the process of concentrating one's gaze on a crystal ball supposedly in order to obtain a picture of future events etc.
<hw>crystal lattice</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICrystallog.\i the regular repeating pattern of atoms, ions, or molecules in a crystalline substance.
<hw>crystalline</hw> \K/"krIst(\F'\n)lVIn/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of, like, or clear as crystal.\p\B2\b \IChem.\i & \IMineral.\i having the structure and form of a crystal. \Bcrystallinity\b \K/-"lInIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icristallin\i and Latin \Icrystallinus\i from Greek \Ikrustallinos\i (as \J\Xcrystal\x)\j\c
<hw>crystalline lens</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAnat\i a transparent lens enclosed in a membranous capsule behind the iris of the eye.
<hw>crystallite</hw> \K/"krIst(\F'\n)lVIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem Mineral\i\p\B1\b a small crystal.\p\B2\b an individual perfect crystal or grain in a metal etc.\p\B3\b \IBot.\i \IAnat\i a region of cellulose etc. with a crystal-like structure.
<hw>crystallize</hw> \K/"krIst(\F'\n)lVIz/\k\p\Iv.\i\p(also \B-ise)\b\p\B1\b \Itr. & intr.\i form or cause to form crystals.\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Bout)\b\i \Ba\b \Iintr.\i (of ideas or plans) become definite. \Bb\b \Itr.\i make definite.\p\B3\b \Itr. & intr.\i coat or impregnate or become coated or impregnated with sugar \3(crystallized fruit).\c \Bcrystallizable\b \Iadj.\i \Bcrystallization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>crystallography</hw> \K/krIst\F'\n"lQgr\F'\nfi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem Mineral\i the science of crystal form and structure. \Bcrystallographer\b\p\In.\i\p\Bcrystallographic\b \K/-l\F'\n"grafIk/\k \Iadj.\i
<hw>crystalloid</hw> \K/"krIst(\F'\n)lOId/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b crystal-like.\p\B2\b \IChem Mineral\i having a crystalline structure.\p\In.\i\p\IChem Mineral\i a substance that in solution is able to pass through a semi-permeable membrane \I(cf.\i \J\Xcolloid\x).\j
<hw>crystal set</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IElectronics Broadcasting\i a simple early form of radio receiving apparatus with a crystal touching a metal wire as the rectifier.
<hw>crystal system</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICrystallog.\i each of seven distinct symmetrical forms (cubic, tetragonal, orthorhombic, trigonal, hexagonal, monoclinic, and triclinic) into which crystals can be classified according to the relations of their axes..
<hw>Cs</hw> \Isymb.\i \IChem.\i the element caesium.
<hw>c/s</hw> \Iabbr.\i \ISci\i cycles per second.
<hw>csardas</hw> \K/"tSA:dA:S/, /"zA:d\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bczardas)\b \I(pl.\i same) \IDancing\i a Hungarian dance with a slow start and a quick wild finish. \BEtymology:\b \3Hungarian \Icsßrdßs\i from \Icsßrda\i 'inn'\c
<hw>CSC</hw> \Iabbr.\i\p\B1\b Civil Service Commission.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b Conspicuous Service Cross.
<hw>CSE</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IEducation\i \Ihist.\i (in the UK) Certificate of Secondary Education (replaced in 1988 by GCSE).
<hw>CS gas</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i a gas causing tears and choking, used to control riots etc. \BEtymology:\b \3named after B. B. \IC\iorson (b. 1896) & R. W. \IS\itoughton (d. 1957), American chemists\c
<hw>CSI</hw> \Iabbr.\i Companion of the Order of the Star of India.
<hw>CSIRO</hw> \Iabbr.\i \ISci\i Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization.
<hw>CSM</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IMil\i (in the UK) Company Sergeant Major.
<hw>CST</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IHorol\i Central Standard Time.
<hw>CSU</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IIndustry\i (in the UK) Civil Service Union.
<hw>CT</hw> \Iabbr.\i \BUS\b \IGeog\i Connecticut (in official postal use).
<hw>CTC</hw> \Iabbr.\i\p\B1\b \ISport\i (in the UK) Cyclists' Touring Club.\p\B2\b \IEducation\i (in the UK) City Technology College.
<hw>ctenoid</hw> \K/"ti:nOId/\k \Iadj.\i \IZool.\i (of fish scales) having projections on the edge like the teeth of a comb (cf. \J\Xplacoid\x \Iadj.\i 1).\j \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ikteis ktenos\i 'comb'\c
<hw>ctenophore</hw> \K/"ti:n\F'\nfO:/, /"tEn-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i any marine animal of the phylum Ctenophora, having a jellyfish-like body bearing rows of cilia, e.g. sea gooseberries. \IAlso called\i \Icomb-jelly.\i \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \Ictenophorus\i (as \J\Xctenoid\x)\j\c
<hw>Cu</hw> \Isymb.\i \IChem.\i the element copper. \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Icuprum\i\c
<hw>cu.</hw> \Iabbr.\i \ISci\i cubic.
<hw>cub</hw> \K/kVb/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool\i the young of a fox, bear, lion, etc.\p\B2\b an ill-mannered young man.\p\B3\b \B(Cub)\b (in full \BCub Scout)\b \IScouting\i a member of the junior branch of the Scout Association.\p\B4\b (in full \Bcub reporter)\b \IJournalism\i \Icolloq.\i a young or inexperienced newspaper reporter.\p\B5\b \BUS\b an apprentice.\p\Iv.\i\p\B(cubbed,\b \Bcubbing)\b\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \I(also \Babsol.)\b\i give birth to (cubs).\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \IHunting\i hunt fox cubs.\Ksense 2 new in COD9 f. COD7, COD box Sep 93\k \Bcubhood\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \316th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>Cuban</hw> \K/kju:b\F'\nn/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IPeople\i \Iadj.\i of or relating to Cuba, an island republic in the Caribbean, or its people.\p\In.\i\pa native or national of Cuba.
<hw>Cuban heel</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IFashion\i a moderately high straight heel of a man's or woman's shoe.
<hw>cubby</hw> \K/"kVbi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b (in full \Bcubby hole)\b\p\B1\b a very small room.\p\B2\b a snug or confined space. \BEtymology:\b \3dialect \Icub\i 'stall, pen', of Low German origin\c
<hw>cube</hw> \K/kju:b/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IGeom\i a solid contained by six equal squares.\p\B2\b a cube-shaped block.\p\B3\b \IMath.\i the product of a number multiplied by its square. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \IMath\i find the cube of (a number).\p\B2\b \ICookery\i cut (food for cooking etc.) into small cubes.\Kcuber omitted Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icube\i or Latin \Icubus,\i from Greek \Ikubos\i\c
<hw>cubeb</hw> \K/"kju:bEb/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b a SE Asian shrub, Piper cubeba (pepper family), bearing pungent berries.\p\B2\b this berry crushed for use in medicated cigarettes. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Icubebe,\i \Iquibibe,\i ultimately from Arabic \Ikobaba,\i \Ikubaba\i\c
<hw>cube root</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMath\i the number which produces a given number when cubed.
<hw>cubic</hw> \K/"kju:bIk/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b cube-shaped.\p\B2\b of three dimensions.\p\B3\b \IMath\i involving the cube (and no higher power) of a number \3(cubic equation).\c\p\B4\b \ICrystallog.\i \IChem.\i having three equal axes at right angles.\p\B5\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i designating a unit of measure equal to the volume of a cube whose side is one of the linear unit specified \3(cubic metre).\c\Kreplaces cubic metre entry May 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icubique\i or Latin \Icubicus\i from Greek \Ikubikos\i (as \J\Xcube\x)\j\c
<hw>cubic content</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ISci\i the volume of a solid expressed in cubic metres.
<hw>cubicle</hw> \K/"kju:bIk(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a small partitioned space, screened for privacy.\p\B2\b a small separate sleeping compartment. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icubiculum\i from \Icubare\i 'lie down'\c
<hw>cubism</hw> \K/"kju:bIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IArt\i a style and movement in art, esp. painting, in which objects are represented as an assemblage of geometrical forms. \Bcubist\b \In. & adj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icubisme\i (as \J\Xcube\x)\j\c
<hw>cubit</hw> \K/"kju:bIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISci\i an ancient measure of length, approximately equal to the length of a forearm. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Icubitum\i 'elbow, cubit'\c
<hw>cubital</hw> \K/"kju:bIt(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IAnat.\i of the forearm.\p\B2\b \IZool.\i of the corresponding part in animals. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Icubitalis\i (as \J\Xcubit\x)\j\c
<hw>cuboid</hw> \K/"kju:bOId/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i cube-shaped; like a cube.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IGeom.\i a rectangular parallelepiped.\p\B2\b (in full \Bcuboid bone)\b \IAnat.\i the outer bone of the tarsus. \Bcuboidal\b \K/-"bOId(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \Icuboides\i from Greek \Ikuboeides\i (as \J\Xcube\x)\j\c
<hw>cucking-stool</hw> \K/"kVkINstu:l/\k\p\In.\i\p\Ihist.\i a chair on which disorderly women were ducked as a punishment. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from obsolete \Icuck\i 'defecate'\c
<hw>cuckold</hw> \K/"kVk(\F'\n)ld/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\pthe husband of an adulteress. \Iv.tr.\i (of a man) have a sexual relationship with the wife of (another man). \Bcuckoldry\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English \Icukeweld,\i \Icokewold,\i from Old French \Icucu\i 'cuckoo'\c
<hw>cuckoo</hw> \K/"kUku:/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a long-tailed songbird of the family Cuculidae, esp. the migratory European bird Cuculus canorus, which has a characteristic two-note call and deposits its eggs in the nests of small birds which rear the young as their own. \Ipredic.adj.\i \Icolloq.\i crazy, foolish.\p\1cuckoo in the nest\c an unwelcome intruder. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Icucu,\i imitative\c
<hw>cuckoo bee</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcuckoo wasp)\b \IZool\i a bee (or wasp) which lays its eggs in the nest of another species.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k
<hw>cuckoo clock</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IHorol\i a clock that strikes the hour with a sound like a cuckoo's call, usu. with the emergence on each note of a mechanical cuckoo.
<hw>cuckoo flower</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b a meadow plant, Cardamine pratensis, with pale lilac flowers; \Ialso called\i \Ilady's smock.\i\p\B2\b = \J\Xragged robin\x.\j
<hw>cuckoo pint</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a wild arum, \IArum maculatum,\i with arrow-shaped leaves and scarlet berries. \IAlso called\i \Ilords and ladies,\i \J\XJack-in-the-pulpit\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3earlier \I-pintle,\i with reference to the shape of the spadix: see \J\Xpintle\x\j\c
<hw>cuckoo spit</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i froth exuded by larvae of insects of the family Cercopidae on leaves, stems, etc.
<hw>cuckoo wasp</hw> \Isee\i \J\Xcuckoo bee\x.\j
<hw>cucumber</hw> \K/"kju:kVmb\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b \IFood\i a long green fleshy fruit, used in salads.\p\B2\b the climbing plant, Cucumis sativus, yielding this fruit. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ico(u)combre\i from Latin \Icucumer\i\c
<hw>cud</hw> \K/kVd/\k\p\In.\i\phalf-digested food returned from the first stomach of ruminants to the mouth for further chewing. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Icwidu,\i \Icudu\i 'what is chewed', corresponding to Old High German \Ikuti,\i \Iquiti\i 'glue'\c
<hw>cuddle</hw> \K/"kVd(\F'\n)l/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i hug, embrace, fondle.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \Ba\b \I(often foll. by \Bup)\b\i nestle together; lie close and snug. \Bb\b kiss and fondle each other amorously.\K2b new in COD( f. corpus Sep 93\k\p\In.\i\pa prolonged and fond hug. \Bcuddlesome\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \316th c.: perhaps from dialect \Icouth\i 'snug'\c
<hw>cuddly</hw> \K/"kVdli/\k \Iadj.\i \B(cuddlier,\b \Bcuddliest)\b tempting to cuddle; given to cuddling.
<hw>cuddy</hw> \K/"kVdi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \BSc.\b\p\B1\b \IZool\i a donkey.\p\B2\b a stupid person. \BEtymology:\b \3perhaps a pet form of the name \ICuthbert\i\c
<hw>cudgel</hw> \K/"kVdZ(\F'\n)l/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\pa short thick stick used as a weapon. \Iv.tr.\i \B(cudgelled,\b \Bcudgelling;\b \BUS\b \Bcudgeled,\b \Bcudgeling)\b beat with a cudgel.\p\1cudgel one's brains\c think hard about a problem.\p\1take up the cudgels\c \I(often foll. by \Bfor)\b\i make a vigorous defence. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Icycgel,\i of unknown origin\c
<hw>cudweed</hw> \K/"kVdwi:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a plant of the genus \IGnaphalium\i or \IFilago\i (daisy family), with hairy or downy leaves.
<hw>cue (1)</hw> \K/kju:/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ITheatr\i \Ba\b the last words of an actor's speech serving as a signal to another actor to enter or speak. \Bb\b a similar signal to a singer or player etc.\p\B2\b \Ba\b a stimulus to perception etc. \Bb\b a signal for action. \Bc\b a hint on how to behave in particular circumstances.\p\B3\b a facility for cueing audio equipment by allowing the tape to be played at high speed during fast forward wind and stopped when the desired place is reached. \Iv.tr.\i \B(cues,\b \Bcued,\b \Bcueing\b or \Bcuing)\b\p\B1\b give a cue to.\p\B2\b \IElectronics\i put (a piece of audio equipment, esp. a record player or tape recorder) in readiness to play a particular part of the recorded material.\p\Bcue in\b\p\B1\b insert a cue for.\p\B2\b give information to.\p\1on cue\c at the correct moment.\p\1take one's cue from\c follow the example or advice of. \BEtymology:\b \316th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>cue (2)</hw> \K/kju:/\k \In. & v.\i \IBilliards etc.\i\p\In.\i\pa long straight tapering rod for striking the ball.\p\Iv.\i\p\B(cues,\b \Bcued,\b \Bcueing\b or \Bcuing)\b\p\B1\b \Itr.\i strike (a ball) with a cue.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i use a cue. \Bcueist\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3variant of \J\Xqueue\x\j\c
<hw>cue ball</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBilliards\i the ball that is to be struck with the cue.
<hw>cue-bid</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBridge\i an artificial bid to show a particular card etc. in the bidder's hand.
<hw>cuesta</hw> \K/"kwEst\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeog.\i a gentle slope, esp. one ending in a steep drop. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish, = slope, from Latin \Icosta:\i see \J\Xcoast\x\j\c
<hw>cuff (1)</hw> \K/kVf/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IClothing\i \Ba\b the end part of a sleeve. \Bb\b a separate band of linen worn round the wrist so as to appear under the sleeve. \Bc\b the part of a glove covering the wrist.\p\B2\b \BN. Amer.\b \IClothing\i a trouser turn-up.\p\B3\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \ICriminol\i \Icolloq.\i handcuffs.\p\1off the cuff\c \Icolloq.\i without preparation, extempore. \Bcuffed\b \Iadj.\i \I(also in \Bcomb.).\b\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English: origin unknown\c
<hw>cuff (2)</hw> \K/kVf/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.tr.\i strike with an open hand.\p\In.\i\psuch a blow. \BEtymology:\b \316th c.: perhaps imitative\c
<hw>cuff link</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IFashion\i a device of two joined studs etc. to fasten the sides of a cuff together.
\B\Icui bono?\b\i \K/kwi: "bQn\F'\nU/, /"b\F'\nU-/\k\ILaw etc.\i who stands, or stood, to gain? (with the implication that this person is responsible). \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = to whom (is it) a benefit?\c
<hw>cuirass</hw> \K/kwI"ras/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMil\i \Ihist.\i a piece of armour consisting of breastplate and back-plate fastened together.\p\B2\b \IMed\i a device for artificial respiration. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Icuirace,\i ultimately from Late Latin \Icoriaceus\i from \Icorium\i 'leather'\c
<hw>cuirassier</hw> \K/kwIr\F'\n"si:\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i \Ihist.\i a cavalry soldier wearing a cuirass. \BEtymology:\b \3French (as \J\Xcuirass\x)\j\c
<hw>cuisine</hw> \K/kwI"zi:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i a style or method of cooking, esp. of a particular country or establishment. \BEtymology:\b \3French from Latin \Icoquina,\i from \Icoquere\i 'to cook'\c
<hw>cuisse</hw> \K/kwIs/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcuish\b \K/kwIS/\k) \I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i \IMil\i \Ihist.\i thigh armour. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, via Old French \Icuisseaux,\i pl. of \Icuissel,\i from Late Latin \Icoxale,\i from \Icoxa\i 'hip'\c
<hw>culchie</hw> \K/"kVl(t)Si/\k \In. & adj.\i (also \Bculshie)\b \BIr.\b \Islang, often derog.\i\p\In.\i\pa country bumpkin. \Iadj.\i provincial, rustic.\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3perhaps alteration of \IKilti\imagh, a country town in County Mayo, Ireland\c
<hw>cul-de-sac</hw> \K/"kVld\F'\nsak/, /kUld\F'\n"sak/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bculs-de-sac\b \Ipronunc.\i same)\p\B1\b a street or passage closed at one end.\p\B2\b a route or course leading nowhere; a position from which one cannot escape.\p\B3\b \IAnat.\i = \J\Xdiverticulum\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3French, = sack-bottom\c
<hw>-cule</hw> \K/kju:l/\k \Isuffix\i forming (originally diminutive) nouns \3(molecule).\c \BEtymology:\b \3French -\Icule\i or Latin -\Iculus\i\c
<hw>culinary</hw> \K/"kVlIn(\F'\n)ri/\k \Iadj.\i \ICookery\i of or for cooking or the kitchen. \Bculinarily\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iculinarius\i from \Iculina\i 'kitchen'\c
<hw>cull</hw> \K/kVl/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b select, choose, or gather from a large quantity or amount \3(knowledge culled from books).\c\p\B2\b pick or gather (flowers, fruit, etc.).\p\B3\b \Ba\b select (animals) according to quality, esp. poor surplus specimens for killing. \Bb\b reduce the population of (an animal) by selective slaughter.\K3b new in COD9 f. POD Sep 93\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an act of culling.\p\B2\b an animal or animals culled. \Bculler\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Icoillier\i etc., ultimately from Latin \Icolligere\i \J\Xcollect\x (1)\j\c
<hw>cullet</hw> \K/"kVlIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGlass-making\i recycled waste or broken glass used in glass-making. \BEtymology:\b \3variant of \J\Xcollet\x,\j in the obsolete sense 'glass left on the blowing-iron when the finished article is removed'\c
<hw>culm (1)</hw> \K/kVlm/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b coal dust, esp. of anthracite.\p\B2\b \IGeol.\i strata under coal measures, esp. in SW England. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, probably related to \J\Xcoal\x\j\c
<hw>culm (2)</hw> \K/kVlm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot.\i \IAnat\i the stem of a plant, esp. of grasses. \Bculmiferous\b \K/-"mIf\F'\nr\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iculmus\i 'stalk'\c
<hw>culminant</hw> \K/"kVlmIn\F'\nnt/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b at or forming the top.\p\B2\b \IAstron.\i on the meridian. \BEtymology:\b \3as \J\Xculminate\x\j + \J\X-ant\x\j\c
<hw>culminate</hw> \K/"kVlmIneIt/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bin)\b\i reach its highest or final point \3(the antagonism culminated in war).\c\p\B2\b \Itr.\i bring to its highest or final point.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i \IAstron.\i be on the meridian. \Bculmination\b \K/-"neIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Iculminare culminat-\i from \Iculmen\i 'summit'\c
<hw>culottes</hw> \K/kju:"lQts/\k \In.pl.\i \IFashion\i women's (usu. short) trousers cut to resemble a skirt. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = knee-breeches\c
\B\Iculpa\b\i \K/"kVlp\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i neglect resulting in damage; negligence.\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED, NEWS Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = fault, blame\c
<hw>culpable</hw> \K/"kVlp\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i deserving blame. \Bculpability\b \K/-"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bculpably\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icoupable\i from Latin \Iculpabilis,\i via \Iculpare\i from \Iculpa\i 'blame'\c
<hw>culprit</hw> \K/"kVlprIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICriminol\i a person accused of or guilty of an offence. \BEtymology:\b \317th c.: originally in the formula \ICulprit,\i \Ihow will you be tried?,\i said by the Clerk of the Crown to a prisoner pleading Not Guilty: perhaps from an abbreviation of Anglo-French \ICulpable:\i \Iprest d'averrer notre bille\i '(You are) guilty: (We are) ready to prove our indictment'\c
<hw>culshie</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xculchie\x.\j
<hw>cult</hw> \K/kVlt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IRelig\i a system of religious worship esp. as expressed in ritual.\p\B2\b \Ba\b devotion or homage to a person or thing \3(the cult of aestheticism).\c \Bb\b a popular fashion esp. followed by a specific section of society.\p\B3\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i denoting a person or thing popularized in this way \3(cult film;\c \2cult figure).\c \Bcultic\b \Iadj.\i \Bcultism\b\p\In.\i\p\Bcultist\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Iculte\i or Latin \Icultus\i 'worship', from \Icolere cult-\i 'inhabit, till, worship'\c
<hw>cultivar</hw> \K/"kVltIvA:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot.\i a cultivated plant variety produced by selective breeding. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xcultivate\x\j + \J\Xvariety\x\j\c
<hw>cultivate</hw> \K/"kVltIveIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \IAgriculture\i \Ba\b prepare and use (soil etc.) for crops or gardening. \Bb\b break up (the ground) with a cultivator.\p\B2\b \Ba\b raise or produce (crops). \Bb\b \IBiol\i culture (bacteria, cells, etc.).\p\B3\b \Ba\b (often as \Bcultivated\b \Iadj.)\i apply oneself to improving or developing (the mind, manners, etc.). \Bb\b pay attention to or nurture (a person or a person's friendship); ingratiate oneself with (a person). \Bcultivable\b \Iadj.\i \Bcultivatable\b \Iadj.\i \Bcultivation\b \K/-"veIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Icultivare\i from \Icultiva\i \I(terra)\i 'arable (land)' (as \J\Xcult\x)\j\c
<hw>cultivator</hw> \K/"kVltIveIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IAgriculture\i a mechanical implement for breaking up the ground and uprooting weeds.\p\B2\b a person or thing that cultivates.
<hw>cultural</hw> \K/"kVltS(\F'\n)r(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i of or relating to the cultivation of the mind or manners, esp. through artistic or intellectual activity. \Bculturally\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>culture</hw> \K/"kVltS\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the arts and other manifestations of human intellectual achievement regarded collectively \3(a city lacking in culture).\c \Bb\b a refined understanding of this; intellectual development \3(a person of culture).\c\p\B2\b the customs, civilization, and achievements of a particular time or people \3(studied Chinese culture).\c\p\B3\b improvement by mental or physical training.\p\B4\b \IAgriculture\i \Ba\b the cultivation of plants; the rearing of bees, silkworms, etc. \Bb\b the cultivation of the soil.\p\B5\b \IBiol\i \Ba\b the cultivation of bacteria, tissue cells, etc. in an artificial nutrient medium. \Bb\b a growth of cells etc. so obtained. \Iv.tr.\i \IBiol\i maintain (cells etc.) in conditions suitable for growth. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from French \Iculture\i or Latin \Icultura\i (as \J\Xcult\x):\j the verb from obsolete French \Iculturer\i or medieval Latin \Iculturare\i\c
<hw>culture-bound</hw> \Iadj.\i \ISociol.\i restricted in character or outlook by belonging to a particular culture.\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED Sep 93\k
<hw>cultured</hw> \K/"kVltS\F'\nd/\k \Iadj.\i having refined taste and manners and a good education.
<hw>cultured pearl</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IJewellery Fishing\i a pearl formed by an oyster after the insertion of a foreign body into its shell.
<hw>culture shock</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ISociol\i the feeling of disorientation experienced by a person suddenly subjected to an unfamiliar culture or way of life.
<hw>culture vulture</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Icolloq.\i a person eager to acquire culture.
<hw>cultus</hw> \K/"kVlt\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i a system of religious worship; a cult. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin: see \J\Xcult\x\j\c
<hw>culverin</hw> \K/"kVlv(\F'\n)rIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i \Ihist.\i\p\B1\b a long cannon.\p\B2\b a small firearm. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Icoulevrine,\i from \Icouleuvre\i 'snake', ultimately from Latin \Icolubra\i\c
<hw>culvert</hw> \K/"kVlv\F'\nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IEngin\i\p\B1\b an underground channel carrying water across a road etc.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b a channel for an electric cable. \BEtymology:\b \318th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>cum (1)</hw> \K/kVm/\k \Iprep.\i \I(usu. in \Bcomb.)\b\i with, combined with, also used as \3(a bedroom-cum-study).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Latin\c
<hw>cum (2)</hw> \K/kVm/\k\p\In.\i\p\Islang\i = \J\Xcome\x\p\In.\i\p\j\Knew f. corpus Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3corruption\c
<hw>cumber</hw> \K/"kVmb\F'\n/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.tr.\i \Iliterary\i hamper, hinder, inconvenience.\p\In.\i\pa hindrance, obstruction, or burden. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, probably from \J\Xencumber\x\j\c
<hw>Cumberland sausage</hw> \K/"kVmb\F'\nl\F'\nnd/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IFood\i a type of coarse-grained sausage traditionally made in a continuous strip from which the amount required is cut.\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED Sep 93\k
<hw>cumbersome</hw> \K/"kVmb\F'\ns(\F'\n)m/\k \Iadj.\i inconvenient in size, weight, or shape; unwieldy. \Bcumbersomely\b \Iadv.\i \Bcumbersomeness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from \J\Xcumber\x\j + \J\X-some\x (1)\j\c
<hw>cumbia</hw> \K/"kUmbI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMus Dancing\i\p\B1\b a kind of dance music of Colombian origin, similar to salsa.\p\B2\b a dance performed to this music.\Knew f. OERD, incomings, corpus Sep 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3adapted from Colombian Spanish, perhaps from Spanish \IcumbΘ\i\c
<hw>Cumbrian</hw> \K/"kVmbrI\F'\nn/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of Cumberland in northern England.\p\B2\b \Ba\b of the ancient British kingdom of Cumbria. \Bb\b of the modern county of Cumbria.\p\In.\i\p\IPeople\i a native of Cumberland or of ancient or modern Cumbria. \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \ICumbria,\i from Welsh \ICymry\i 'Welshmen', + \J\X-an\x\j\c
\B\Icum grano salis\b\i \K/kVm %grA:n\F'\nU "sA:lIs/\k \Iadv.\i with a grain of salt (cf. \Itake with a pinch of salt\i (see \J\Xsalt\x)\j). \BEtymology:\b \3Latin\c
<hw>cumin</hw> \K/"kVmIn/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcummin)\b \IBot\i\p\B1\b an umbelliferous plant, Cuminum cyminum, bearing aromatic seeds.\p\B2\b \ICookery\i these seeds used as flavouring, esp. ground and used in curry powder. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icumin,\i \Icomin\i and Latin \Icuminum\i from Greek \Ikuminon,\i probably of Semitic origin\c
<hw>cummerbund</hw> \K/"kVm\F'\nbVnd/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFashion\i a waist sash. \BEtymology:\b \3Hindustani & Persian \Ikamar-band\i 'loin-band'\c
<hw>cumulative</hw> \K/"kju:mjUl\F'\ntIv/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b increasing or increased in amount, force, etc., by successive additions \3(cumulative evidence).\c \Bb\b formed by successive additions \3(learning is a cumulative process).\c\p\B2\b \IStock Exch.\i (of shares) entitling holders to arrears of interest before any other distribution is made. \Bcumulatively\b \Iadv.\i \Bcumulativeness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>cumulative error</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IStatistics\i an error that increases with the size of the sample revealing it.
<hw>cumulative voting</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i a system in which each voter has as many votes as there are candidates and may give all to one candidate.
<hw>cumulonimbus</hw> \K/%kju:mjUl\F'\nU"nImb\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bcumulonimbuses\b or \Bcumulonimbi\b \K/-bVI/\k) \IMeteorol.\i a cloud like cumulus but formed in towering masses, as in thunderstorms.\Knew f. JHM Sep 94\k
<hw>cumulus</hw> \K/"kju:mjUl\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bcumuli\b \K/-lVI/, /-li:/\k) \IMeteorol.\i\p\B1\b clouds formed in rounded masses heaped on each other above a flat base at fairly low altitude.\p\B2\b a cloud of this type. \Bcumulous\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = heap\c
<hw>cuneiform</hw> \K/"kju:nIIfO:m/, /-nIf-/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b wedge-shaped.\p\B2\b \IAntiq Linguistics\i of, relating to, or using the wedge-shaped writing impressed usu. in clay in ancient Babylonian etc. inscriptions.\p\In.\i\pcuneiform writing. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IcunΘiforme\i or modern Latin \Icuneiformis,\i from Latin \Icuneus\i 'wedge'\c
<hw>cunjevoi</hw> \K/"kVndZIvOI/\k\p\In.\i\p\BAustral.\b\p\B1\b \IBot\i a tall plant of the arum family, Alocasia macrorrhiza.\p\B2\b \IZool\i a sea squirt. \BEtymology:\b \3Aboriginal (NSW), senses 1 and 2 perhaps unconnected\c
<hw>cunnilingus</hw> \K/kVnI"lINg\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcunnilinctus\b \K/-"lIN(k)t\F'\ns/\k) \ISex\i oral stimulation of the female genitals. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, from \Icunnus\i 'vulva' + \Ilingere\i 'lick'\c
<hw>cunning</hw> \K/"kVnIN/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i \B(cunninger,\b \Bcunningest)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b skilled in ingenuity or deceit. \Bb\b selfishly clever or crafty.\p\B2\b ingenious \3(a cunning device).\c\p\B3\b \BN. Amer.\b attractive, quaint.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b craftiness; skill in deceit.\p\B2\b skill, ingenuity. \Bcunningly\b \Iadv.\i \Bcunningness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old Norse \Ikunnandi\i 'knowing', from \Ikunna\i 'know': cf. \J\Xcan\x (1)\j\c
<hw>cunt</hw> \K/kVnt/\k\p\In.\i\p\Icoarse slang\i\p\B1\b the female genitals.\p\B2\b \Ioffens.\i an unpleasant or stupid person. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, from Germanic\c
<hw>CUP</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IPublishing\i Cambridge University Press.
<hw>cup</hw> \K/kVp/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a small bowl-shaped container, usu. with a handle for drinking from.\p\B2\b \Ba\b its contents \3(a cup of tea).\c \Bb\b = \J\Xcupful\x.\j\p\B3\b \IBot Anat. etc.\i a cup-shaped thing, esp. the calyx of a flower or the socket of a bone.\p\B4\b \IDrink\i flavoured wine, cider, etc., usu. chilled.\p\B5\b \ISport\i an ornamental cup-shaped trophy as a prize for victory or prowess, esp. in a sports contest.\p\B6\b one's fate or fortune \3(a bitter cup).\c\p\B7\b \IClothing\i either of the two cup-shaped parts of a brassiere.\p\B8\b \IRelig\i the chalice used or the wine taken at the Eucharist.\p\B9\b \IGolf\i the hole on a putting green or the metal container in it. \Iv.tr.\i \B(cupped,\b \Bcupping)\b\p\B1\b form (esp. one's hands) into the shape of a cup.\p\B2\b take or hold as in a cup.\p\B3\b \Ihist.\i \IMed\i bleed (a person) by using a glass in which a partial vacuum is formed by heating.\p\1one's cup of tea\c \Icolloq.\i what interests or suits one.\p\1in one's cups\c \Icolloq.\i while drunk; drunk. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Icuppe\i from medieval Latin \Icuppa\i probably from Latin \Icupa\i 'tub'\c
<hw>cupbearer</hw> \K/"kVpbE:r\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pa person who serves wine, esp. an officer of a royal or noble household.
<hw>cupboard</hw> \K/"kVb\F'\nd/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFurniture\i a recess or piece of furniture with a door and (usu.) shelves, in which things are stored. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from \J\Xcup\x\j + \J\Xboard\x\j\c
<hw>cupboard love</hw>\p\In.\i\pa display of affection meant to secure some gain.
<hw>cupcake</hw> \K/"kVpkeIk/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i a small cake baked in a cup-shaped foil or paper container and often iced.
<hw>cupel</hw> \K/"kju:p(\F'\n)l/\k \In. & v.\i \IMineral\i\p\In.\i\pa small flat porous vessel used in assaying gold or silver in the presence of lead. \Iv.tr.\i \B(cupelled,\b \Bcupelling;\b \BUS\b \Bcupeled,\b \Bcupeling)\b assay or refine in a cupel. \Bcupellation\b \K/-"leIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Icoupelle\i from Late Latin \Icupella,\i diminutive of \Icupa:\i see \J\Xcup\x\j\c
<hw>Cup Final</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IFootball etc.\i the final match in a competition for a cup.
<hw>cupful</hw> \K/"kVpfUl/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-fuls)\b\p\B1\b \ICookery\i the amount held by a cup, \Besp. N. Amer.\b a half-pint or 8-ounce measure in cookery.\p\B2\b the contents of a full cup \3(drank a cupful of water).\c A \Icupful\i is a measure, and so \Ithree cupfuls\i is a quantity regarded in terms of a cup; \Ithree cups full\i denotes the actual cups, as in \Ihe brought us three cups full of water.\i
<hw>Cupid</hw> \K/"kju:pId/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMythol\i (in Roman mythology) the Roman god of love represented as a naked winged boy with a bow and arrows.\p\B2\b (also \Bcupid)\b \IArchit Art\i a representation of Cupid. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \ICupido,\i from \Icupere\i 'desire'\c
<hw>cupidity</hw> \K/kju:"pIdIti/\k\p\In.\i\pgreed for gain; avarice. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \IcupiditΘ\i or Latin \Icupiditas,\i from \Icupidus\i 'desirous': related to \J\Xcovet\x\j\c
<hw>Cupid's bow</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAnat\i the upper lip etc. shaped like the double-curved bow carried by Cupid.
<hw>cup lichen</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a lichen, Cladonia pyxidata, with cup-shaped processes arising from the thallus.
<hw>cupola</hw> \K/"kju:p\F'\nl\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IArchit\i \Ba\b a rounded dome forming a roof or ceiling. \Bb\b a small rounded dome adorning a roof.\p\B2\b \IMil\i a revolving dome protecting mounted guns on a warship or in a fort.\p\B3\b (in full \Bcupola furnace)\b \IMetallurgy\i a furnace for melting metals. \Bcupolaed\b \K/-l\F'\nd/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Italian from Late Latin \Icupula,\i diminutive of \Icupa\i 'cask'\c
<hw>cuppa</hw> \K/"kVp\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcupper)\b \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i\p\B1\b a cup of.\p\B2\b a cup of tea. \BEtymology:\b \3corruption\c
<hw>cuprammonium</hw> \K/kju:pr\F'\n"m\F'\nUnI\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i a complex ion of divalent copper and ammonia, solutions of which dissolve cellulose. \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Icuprum\i 'copper' + \J\Xammonium\x\j\c
<hw>cupreous</hw> \K/"kju:prI\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i \IChem\i of or like copper. \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Icupreus\i from \Icuprum\i 'copper'\c
<hw>cupric</hw> \K/"kju:prIk/\k \Iadj.\i \IChem.\i of copper, esp. divalent copper. \Bcupriferous\b \K/-"prIf(\F'\n)r\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Icuprum\i 'copper'\c
<hw>cuprite</hw> \K/"kju:prVIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMineral.\i native cuprous oxide, a red mineral and major copper ore.\Knew f. NSOED Sep 93\k
<hw>cupro-nickel</hw> \K/kju:pr\F'\nU"nIk(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMetallurgy Chem\i an alloy of copper and nickel, esp. in the proportions 3:1 as used in 'silver' coins.
<hw>cuprous</hw> \K/"kju:pr\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i \IChem.\i of copper, esp. monovalent copper. \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Icuprum\i 'copper'\c
<hw>cup-tie</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IFootball etc.\i a match in a competition for a cup.
<hw>cupule</hw> \K/"kju:pjUl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot.\i & \IZool.\i a cup-shaped organ, receptacle, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Icupula\i \J\Xcupola\x\j\c
<hw>cur</hw> \K/k\F'\n:/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a worthless or snappy dog.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i a contemptible man. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, probably originally in \Icur-dog,\i perhaps from Old Norse \Ikurr\i 'grumbling'\c
<hw>curable</hw> \K/"kjU\F'\nr\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i that can be cured. \Bcurability\b \K/-"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xcure\x\j\c
<hw>curaτao</hw> \K/kjU\F'\nr\F'\n"s\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcuraτoa\b \K/-"s\F'\nU\F'\n/\k) \I(pl.\i \B-os\b or \Bcuraτoas)\b \IDrink\i a liqueur of spirits flavoured with the peel of bitter oranges. \BEtymology:\b \3\ICuraτao,\i the name of the Caribbean island producing these oranges\c
<hw>curacy</hw> \K/"kjU\F'\nr\F'\nsi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IRelig\i a curate's office or the tenure of it.
<hw>curare</hw> \K/kjU"rA:ri/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPharm\i a resinous bitter substance prepared from S. American plants of the genera \IStrychnos\i and \IChondodendron,\i paralysing the motor nerves, used by American Indians to poison arrows and blowpipe darts, and formerly used as a muscle relaxant in surgery. \BEtymology:\b \3Carib\c
<hw>curassow</hw> \K/"kjU\F'\nr\F'\ns\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i any game bird of the family Cracidae, found in Central and S. America. \BEtymology:\b \3Anglicized from \ICuraτao,\i an island in the Caribbean\c
<hw>curate (1)</hw> \K/"kjU\F'\nr\F'\nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i\p\B1\b a member of the clergy engaged as assistant to a parish priest.\p\B2\b \Iarchaic\i an ecclesiastical pastor. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from medieval Latin \Icuratus,\i from Latin \Icura\i \J\Xcure\x\j\c
<hw>curate (2)</hw> \K/kjU(\F'\n)"reIt/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i act as curator of (a museum, exhibits, etc.); look after and preserve.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i perform the duties of a curator. \Bcuration\b\p\In.\i\p\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED, News Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3back-formation from \J\Xcurator\x\j\c
<hw>curate's egg</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Besp. Brit.\b a thing that is partly good and partly bad. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xcurate\x (1),\j originating in a story of a meek curate who on being given a stale egg stated that 'parts of it' were 'excellent'\c
<hw>curative</hw> \K/"kjU\F'\nr\F'\ntIv/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IMed\i \Iadj.\i tending or able to cure (esp. disease).\p\In.\i\pa curative medicine or agent. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icuratif -ive\i via medieval Latin \Icurativus\i from Latin \Icurare\i \J\Xcure\x\j\c
<hw>curator</hw> \K/kjU(\F'\n)"reIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pa keeper or custodian of a museum or other collection. \Bcuratorial\b \K/kjU\F'\nr\F'\n"tO:rI\F'\nl/\k \Iadj.\i \Bcuratorship\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Anglo-French \Icuratour\i (Old French \I-eur)\i or Latin \Icurator\i (as \J\Xcurative\x)\j\c
<hw>curb</hw> \K/k\F'\n:b/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a check or restraint.\p\B2\b \IRiding\i a strap etc. fastened to the bit and passing under a horse's lower jaw, used as a check.\p\B3\b an enclosing border or edging such as the frame round the top of a well or a fender round a hearth.\p\B4\b = \J\Xkerb\x.\j \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b restrain.\p\B2\b \IRiding\i put a curb on (a horse). \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icourber\i from Latin \Icurvare\i 'bend, \J\Xcurve\x\j'\c
<hw>curb roof</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IArchit\i a roof of which each face has two slopes, the lower one steeper.
<hw>curcuma</hw> \K/"k\F'\n:kjUm\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IFood\i the spice turmeric.\p\B2\b \IBot\i any tuberous plant of the genus \ICurcuma,\i yielding this and other commercial substances. \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin from Arabic \Ikurkum\i 'saffron' from Sanskrit \Ikunkumam\i\c
<hw>curd</hw> \K/k\F'\n:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFood\i\p\B1\b \I(often in \Bpl.)\b\i a coagulated substance formed by the action of acids on milk, which may be made into cheese or eaten as food.\p\B2\b a fatty substance found between flakes of boiled salmon flesh.\p\B3\b the edible head of a cauliflower. \Bcurdy\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English: origin unknown\c
<hw>curd cheese</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IFood\i a soft smooth cheese made from skimmed milk curds.\Knew in COD9 f. POD Sep 93\k
<hw>curdle</hw> \K/"k\F'\n:d(\F'\n)l/\k \Iv.tr. & intr.\i make into or become curds; coagulate, congeal.\p\1make one's blood curdle\c fill one with horror. \Bcurdler\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3frequentative form of \J\Xcurd\x\j (as verb)\c
<hw>curd soap</hw>\p\In.\i\pa white soap made of tallow and soda.
<hw>cure</hw> \K/kjU\F'\n/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bof)\b\i \IMed\i restore (a person or animal) to health; relieve \3(was cured of pleurisy).\c\p\B2\b \Itr.\i eliminate (a disease, evil, etc.).\p\B3\b \Itr.\i preserve (meat, fruit, tobacco, or skins) by salting, drying, etc.\p\B4\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b vulcanize (rubber). \Bb\b harden (concrete or plastic).\p\B5\b \Iintr.\i effect a cure.\p\B6\b \Iintr.\i undergo a process of curing.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b restoration to health.\p\B2\b a thing that effects a cure.\p\B3\b \IMed\i a course of medical or healing treatment.\p\B4\b \Ba\b the process of curing rubber or plastic. \Bb\b \I(with qualifying adj.)\i the degree of this.\p\B5\b \IEccl\i \Ba\b the office or function of a curate. \Bb\b a parish or other sphere of spiritual ministration. \Bcurer\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icurer\i from Latin \Icurare\i 'take care of', from \Icura\i 'care'\c
<hw>curΘ</hw> \K/"kjU\F'\nreI/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i a parish priest in France etc. \BEtymology:\b \3French from medieval Latin \Icuratus:\i see \J\Xcurate\x (1)\j\c
<hw>cure-all</hw> \K/"kjU\F'\nrO:l/\k\p\In.\i\pa panacea; a universal remedy.
<hw>curettage</hw> \K/kjU\F'\n"rEtIdZ/, /kjU\F'\nrI"tA:Z/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISurgery\i the use of or an operation involving the use of a curette. \BEtymology:\b \3French (as \J\Xcurette\x)\j\c
<hw>curette</hw> \K/kjU\F'\n"rEt/\k \In. & v.\i \ISurgery\i\p\In.\i\pa surgeon's small instrument for scraping. \Iv.tr. & intr.\i clean or scrape with a curette. \BEtymology:\b \3French, from \Icurer\i 'cleanse' (as \J\Xcure\x)\j\c
<hw>curfew</hw> \K/"k\F'\n:fju:/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a regulation restricting or forbidding the public circulation of people, esp. requiring people to remain indoors between specified hours, usu. at night. \Bb\b the hour designated as the beginning of such a restriction. \Bc\b a daily signal indicating this.\p\B2\b \Ihist.\i \Ba\b a medieval regulation requiring people to extinguish fires at a fixed hour in the evening. \Bb\b the hour for this. \Bc\b the bell announcing it.\p\B3\b the ringing of a bell at a fixed evening hour. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Anglo-French \Icoeverfu,\i Old French \Icuevrefeu,\i from the stem of \Icouvrir\i \J\Xcover\x\j + \Ifeu\i 'fire'\c
<hw>Curia</hw> \K/"kjU\F'\nrI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcuria)\b \IRelig\i the papal court; the government departments of the Vatican. \BCurial\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin: originally a division of an ancient Roman tribe, the Senate house at Rome, a feudal court of justice\c
<hw>curie</hw> \K/"kjU\F'\nri/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISci Physics Chem\i\p\B1\b a unit of radioactivity, corresponding to 3.7 ╫ 1010 disintegrations per second (abbr.: \BCi).\b\Kabbr\k\p\B2\b a quantity of radioactive substance having this activity. \BEtymology:\b \3named after Pierre \ICurie\i (see \J\Xcurium\x)\j\c
<hw>curio</hw> \K/"kjU\F'\nrI\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b a rare or unusual object or person. \BEtymology:\b \319th-c. abbreviation of \J\Xcuriosity\x\j\c
<hw>curiosa</hw> \K/kjU\F'\nrI"\F'\nUs\F'\n/\k \In.pl.\i\p\B1\b curiosities.\p\B2\b \IBibliog\i erotic or pornographic books. \BEtymology:\b \3neut. pl. of Latin \Icuriosus:\i see \J\Xcurious\x\j\c
<hw>curiosity</hw> \K/kjU\F'\nrI"QsIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b an eager desire to know; inquisitiveness.\p\B2\b strangeness.\p\B3\b a strange, rare, or interesting object. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \IcuriousetΘ\i from Latin \Icuriositas -tatis\i (as \J\Xcurious\x)\j\c
<hw>curious</hw> \K/"kjU\F'\nrI\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b eager to learn; inquisitive.\p\B2\b strange, surprising, odd.\p\B3\b \Ieuphem.\i (of books etc.) erotic, pornographic. \Bcuriously\b \Iadv.\i \Bcuriousness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icurios\i from Latin \Icuriosus\i 'careful', from \Icura\i 'care'\c
<hw>curium</hw> \K/"kjU\F'\nrI\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i an artificially made transuranic radioactive metallic element, first produced by bombarding plutonium with helium ions (symbol \BCm).\b\Ksymb\k \BEtymology:\b \3named after Marie \ICurie\i (d. 1934) and Pierre \ICurie\i (d. 1906), French scientists, discoverers of radium\c
<hw>curl</hw> \K/k\F'\n:l/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr. & intr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bup)\b\i bend or coil into a spiral; form or cause to form curls.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i move in a spiral form \3(smoke curling upwards).\c\p\B3\b \Ba\b \Iintr.\i (of the upper lip) be raised slightly on one side as an expression of contempt or disapproval. \Bb\b \Itr.\i cause (the lip) to do this.\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i \ISport\i play curling.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a lock of curled hair.\p\B2\b anything spiral or curved inwards.\p\B3\b \Ba\b a curling movement or act. \Bb\b the state of being curled.\p\B4\b \IAgriculture Bot\i a disease of plants in which the leaves are curled up.\p\Bcurl up\b\p\B1\b lie or sit with the knees drawn up.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i writhe with embarrassment or horror.\p\1make a person's hair curl\c \Icolloq.\i shock or horrify a person.\p\1out of curl\c \BBrit.\b lacking energy. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from obsolete adj. \Icrolle,\i \Icrulle\i 'curly', from Middle Dutch \Ikrul\i\c
<hw>curler</hw> \K/"k\F'\n:l\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IHairdressing\i a pin or roller etc. for curling the hair.\p\B2\b \ISport\i a player in the game of curling.
<hw>curlew</hw> \K/"k\F'\n:l(j)u:/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i same or \Bcurlews)\b \IZool\i a wading bird of the genus \INumenius,\i with a long slender down-curved bill, esp. the European N. arquatus. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Icourlieu,\i \Icourlis,\i originally imitative, but assimilated to \Icourliu\i 'courier', from \Icourre\i 'run' + \Ilieu\i 'place'\c
<hw>curlicue</hw> \K/"k\F'\n:lIkju:/\k\p\In.\i\pa decorative curl or twist. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xcurly\x\j + \J\Xcue\x (2)\j (= pigtail) or \J\XQ\x (1)\j\c
<hw>curling</hw> \K/"k\F'\n:lIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Iin senses of\i \J\Xcurl\x\p\Iv.\i\p\j\p\B2\b \ISport\i a game played on ice, esp. in Scotland, in which large round flat stones are slid across the surface towards a mark.
<hw>curling tongs</hw> \In.pl.\i (also \Bcurling iron\b or \Bcurling pins)\b \IHairdressing\i a heated device for twisting the hair into curls.
<hw>curly</hw> \K/"k\F'\n:li/\k \Iadj.\i \B(curlier,\b \Bcurliest)\b\p\B1\b having or arranged in curls.\p\B2\b moving in curves. \Bcurliness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>curly endive</hw> \Isee\i \J\Xendive\x 1.\j\Knew f. corpus Nov 93\k
<hw>curly kale</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IFood\i a form of kale with wrinkled leaves.
<hw>currant</hw> \K/"kVr(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IFood\i a dried fruit of a small seedless variety of grape originally grown in the E. Mediterranean region and much used in cookery.\p\B2\b \IBot\i \Ba\b a shrub of the genus \IRibes\i producing red, white, or black berries. \Bb\b a berry of such a shrub. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English \Iraysons of coraunce\i from Anglo-French, = grapes of Corinth (the original source)\c
<hw>currawong</hw> \K/"kVr\F'\nwQN/\k\p\In.\i\p\BAustral.\b \IZool\i a large Australian woodland songbird of the genus \IStrepera,\i resembling the magpie and having a resonant call. \BEtymology:\b \3Aboriginal, probably Yagara \Igarrawan\i\c
<hw>currency</hw> \K/"kVr(\F'\n)nsi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \ICommerce Currency\i \Ba\b the money in general use in a country. \Bb\b any other commodity used as a medium of exchange.\p\B2\b the condition of being current; prevalence (e.g. of words or ideas).\p\B3\b the time during which something is current.
<hw>current</hw> \K/"kVr(\F'\n)nt/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b belonging to the present time; happening now \3(current events;\c \2the current week).\c\p\B2\b (of money, opinion, a rumour, a word, etc.) in general circulation or use.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a body of water, air, etc., moving in a definite direction, esp. through a stiller surrounding body.\p\B2\b \IElectr\i \Ba\b a flow of electricity, i.e. an ordered movement of electrically charged particles. \Bb\b a quantity representing the rate of this.\p\B3\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bof)\b\i a general tendency or course (of events, opinions, etc.).\p\1pass current\c \BBrit.\b be generally accepted as true or genuine.\Kcurrentness omitted Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icorant\i 'running' from Latin \Icurrere\i 'run'\c
<hw>current account</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ICommerce\i a bank account from which money may be drawn without notice.
<hw>currently</hw> \K/"kVr\F'\nntli/\k \Iadv.\i at the present time; now.
<hw>curricle</hw> \K/"kVrIk(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITransport\i \Ihist.\i a light open two-wheeled carriage drawn by two horses abreast. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icurriculum:\i see \J\Xcurriculum\x\j\c
<hw>curriculum</hw> \K/kV"rIkjUl\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bcurricula\b \K/-l\F'\n/\k)\p\B1\b \IEducation\i the subjects that are studied or prescribed for study in a school \3(not part of the school curriculum).\c\p\B2\b any programme of activities. \Bcurricular\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = course, race-chariot, from \Icurrere\i 'run'\c
<hw>curriculum vitae</hw> \K/kV%rIkjUl\F'\nm "vi:tVI/, /"vVIti:/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bcurricula vitae\b or \Bvitarum)\b a brief account of one's education, qualifications, and previous occupations. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = course of life\c
<hw>currier</hw> \K/"kVrI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILeather\i a person who dresses and colours tanned leather. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icorier\i from Latin \Icoriarius,\i from \Icorium\i 'leather'\c
<hw>currish</hw> \K/"k\F'\n:rIS/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b like a cur; snappish.\p\B2\b ignoble. \Bcurrishly\b \Iadv.\i \Bcurrishness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>curry (1)</hw> \K/"kVri/\k \In. & v.\i \ICookery\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b a dish of meat, vegetables, etc., cooked in a sauce of hot-tasting spices, usu. served with rice. \Iv.tr.\i \B(-ies,\b \B-ied)\b prepare or flavour with a sauce of hot-tasting spices \3(curried eggs).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Tamil \Ikari\i\c
<hw>curry (2)</hw> \K/"kVri/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(-ies,\b \B-ied)\b\p\B1\b \IRiding\i groom (a horse) with a curry-comb.\p\B2\b \ILeather\i treat (tanned leather) to improve its properties.\p\B3\b thrash.\p\1curry favour\c ingratiate oneself. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Icorreier,\i ultimately from Germanic\c
<hw>curry-comb</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IRiding\i a hand-held serrated device used in grooming horses.
<hw>curry powder</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i a preparation of turmeric and other spices for making curry.
<hw>curse</hw> \K/k\F'\n:s/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a solemn utterance intended to invoke a supernatural power to inflict destruction or punishment on a person or thing.\p\B2\b the evil supposedly resulting from a curse.\p\B3\b a violent exclamation of anger; a profane oath.\p\B4\b a thing that causes evil or harm.\p\B5\b \I(prec. by \Bthe)\b\i \IBiol\i \Icolloq.\i menstruation.\p\B6\b \IRelig\i a sentence of excommunication.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b utter a curse against. \Bb\b \I(in \Bimper.)\b\i may God curse.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \I(usu. in \Bpassive;\b\i \Ifoll. by \Bwith)\b\i afflict with \3(cursed with blindness).\c\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i utter expletive curses; swear.\p\B4\b \Itr.\i \IRelig\i excommunicate. \Bcurser\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Icurs,\i \Icursian,\i of unknown origin\c
<hw>cursillo</hw> \K/kU\F'\n"si:j\F'\nU/, /-"si:lj\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b \IRC Ch.\i a short informal spiritual retreat by a group of devotees esp. in Latin America. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish, = little course\c
<hw>cursive</hw> \K/"k\F'\n:sIv/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \ICalligraphy\i \Iadj.\i (of writing) done with joined characters.\p\In.\i\pcursive writing \I(cf.\i \J\Xprint\x\p\Iv.\i\p4,\j \J\Xuncial\x).\j \Bcursively\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \I(scriptura)\i \Icursiva\i from Latin \Icurrere curs-\i 'run'\c
<hw>cursor</hw> \K/"k\F'\n:s\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMath. etc.\i a transparent slide engraved with a hairline and forming part of a slide rule.\p\B2\b \IComputing\i a movable indicator on a VDU screen identifying a particular position in the display, esp. the position that the program will operate on with the next keystroke. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = runner (as \J\Xcursive\x)\j\c
<hw>cursorial</hw> \K/k\F'\n:"sO:rI\F'\nl/\k \Iadj.\i \IZool.\i having limbs adapted for running. \BEtymology:\b \3as \J\Xcursor\x\j + \J\X-ial\x\j\c
<hw>curtail</hw> \K/k\F'\n:"teIl/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b cut short; reduce; terminate esp. prematurely \3(curtailed his visit to America).\c\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bof)\b\i \Iarchaic\i deprive of. \Bcurtailment\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3obsolete \Icurtal\i 'horse with docked tail', via French \Icourtault\i from \Icourt\i 'short', from Latin \Icurtus:\i assimilated to \Itail\i\c
<hw>curtain</hw> \K/"k\F'\n:t(\F'\n)n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a piece of cloth etc. hung up as a screen, usu. movable sideways or upwards, esp. at a window or between the stage and auditorium of a theatre.\p\B2\b \ITheatr.\i \Ba\b the rise or fall of the stage curtain at the beginning or end of an act or scene. \Bb\b = \J\Xcurtain call\x.\j\p\B3\b a partition or cover.\p\B4\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \Islang\i the end. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b furnish or cover with a curtain or curtains.\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Boff)\b\i shut off with a curtain or curtains. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icortine\i from Late Latin \Icortina,\i translation of Greek \Iaulaia\i from \Iaule\i 'court'\c
<hw>curtain call</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ITheatr.\i an audience's summons to actor(s) to take a bow after the fall of the curtain.
<hw>curtain fire</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IMil.\i a concentration of rapid and continuous fire.
<hw>curtain lecture</hw>\p\In.\i\pa wife's private reproof to her husband, originally behind bed-curtains.
<hw>curtain-raiser</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ITheatr.\i a piece prefaced to the main performance.\p\B2\b a preliminary event.
<hw>curtain wall</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the plain wall of a fortified place, connecting two towers etc.\p\B2\b \IArchit.\i a piece of plain wall not supporting a roof.
<hw>curtana</hw> \K/k\F'\n:"tA:n\F'\n/, /-"teIn\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b an unpointed sword borne before English sovereigns at their coronation, as an emblem of mercy. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Anglo-Latin \Icurtana\i \I(spatha\i 'sword') from Anglo-French \Icurtain,\i Old French \Icortain,\i the name of Roland's similar sword, from \Icort\i 'short' (as \J\Xcurt\x)\j\c
<hw>curtilage</hw> \K/"k\F'\n:t(I)lIdZ/\k\p\In.\i\p\I\Iesp.\i Law\i an area attached to a dwelling house and forming one enclosure with it. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Anglo-French \Icurtilage,\i Old French \Ico(u)rtillage,\i via \Ico(u)rtil\i 'small court' from \Icort\i \J\Xcourt\x\j\c
<hw>curtsy</hw> \K/"k\F'\n:tsi/\k \In. & v.\i (also \Bcurtsey)\b\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies\b or \B-eys)\b a woman's or girl's formal greeting or salutation made by bending the knees and lowering the body. \Iv.intr.\i \B(-ies,\b \B-ied\b or \B-eys,\b \B-eyed)\b make a curtsy. \BEtymology:\b \3variant of \J\Xcourtesy\x\j\c
<hw>curule</hw> \K/"kjU\F'\nru:l/\k \Iadj.\i \IRom.Hist.\i designating or relating to the authority exercised by the senior Roman magistrates, chiefly the consul and praetor, who were entitled to use the \Isella curulis\i ('curule seat' or seat of office). \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icurulis\i from \Icurrus\i 'chariot' (in which the chief magistrate was conveyed to the seat of office)\c
<hw>curvaceous</hw> \K/k\F'\n:"veIS\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i (esp. of a woman) having a shapely curved figure.
<hw>curvature</hw> \K/"k\F'\n:v\F'\ntS\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or state of curving.\p\B2\b a curved form.\p\B3\b \IGeom.\i \Ba\b the deviation of a curve from a straight line, or of a curved surface from a plane. \Bb\b the quantity expressing this. \BEtymology:\b \3Old French from Latin \Icurvatura\i (as \J\Xcurve\x)\j\c
<hw>curve</hw> \K/k\F'\n:v/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a line or surface having along its length a regular deviation from being straight or flat, as exemplified by the surface of a sphere or lens.\p\B2\b a curved form or thing.\p\B3\b \IMath\i a curved line on a graph.\p\B4\b \IBaseball\i a ball caused to deviate by the pitcher's spin. \Iv.tr. & intr.\i bend or shape so as to form a curve. \Bcurved\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3originally as \Iadj.\i (in \Icurve line)\i from Latin \Icurvus\i 'bent': the verb from Latin \Icurvare\i\c
<hw>curvet</hw> \K/k\F'\n:"vEt/\k \In. & v.\i \IRiding\i\p\In.\i\pa horse's leap with the forelegs raised together and the hind legs raised with a spring before the forelegs reach the ground. \Iv.intr.\i \B(curvetted,\b \Bcurvetting\b or \Bcurveted,\b \Bcurveting)\b (of a horse or rider) make a curvet. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian \Icorvetta,\i diminutive of \Icorva\i \J\Xcurve\x\j\c
<hw>curvifoliate</hw> \K/k\F'\n:vI"f\F'\nUlI\F'\nt/\k \Iadj.\i \IBot.\i with the leaves bent back.
<hw>curviform</hw> \K/"k\F'\n:vIfO:m/\k \Iadj.\i having a curved shape.
<hw>curvilinear</hw> \K/k\F'\n:vI"lInI\F'\n/\k \Iadj.\i contained by or consisting of curved lines. \Bcurvilinearly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xcurvi-\x,\j on the pattern of \Irectilinear\i\c
<hw>curvirostral</hw> \K/k\F'\n:vI"rQstr(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \IAnat Zool\i with a curved beak.
<hw>curvy</hw> \K/"k\F'\n:vi/\k \Iadj.\i \B(curvier,\b \Bcurviest)\b\p\B1\b having many curves.\p\B2\b (of a woman's figure) shapely. \Bcurviness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>cuscus (2)</hw> \K/"kUskUs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i any of several nocturnal arboreal marsupials of the genus \IPhalanger,\i native to New Guinea and northern Australia. \BEtymology:\b \3native name\c
<hw>cusec</hw> \K/"kju:sEk/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISci\i a unit of flow (esp. of water) equal to one cubic foot per second. \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation\c
<hw>cush</hw> \K/kUS/\k\p\In.\i\p\Iesp. Billiards\i \Icolloq.\i a cushion. \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation\c
<hw>cushat</hw> \K/"kVS\F'\nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\BSc.\b \IZool\i a wood pigeon. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Icuscute,\i of unknown origin\c
<hw>cush-cush</hw> \K/"kUSkUS/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a yam, Dioscorea trifida, native to S. America. \BEtymology:\b \3perhaps ultimately of African origin\c
<hw>Cushing's disease</hw> \K/"kUSINz/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed.\i Cushing's syndrome as caused by a tumour of the pituitary gland.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k
<hw>Cushing's syndrome</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMed.\i a metabolic disorder caused by overactivity of the adrenal cortex and often involving obesity and hypertension.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3named after H.W. \ICushing,\i US surgeon (d. 1939), who identified it\c
<hw>cushion</hw> \K/"kUS(\F'\n)n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a bag of cloth etc. stuffed with a mass of soft material, used as a soft support for sitting or leaning on etc.\p\B2\b a means of protection against shock.\p\B3\b \IBilliards\i the elastic lining of the sides of a billiard table, from which the ball rebounds.\p\B4\b \IAeron\i a body of air supporting a hovercraft etc.\p\B5\b \IAnat Zool\i the frog of a horse's hoof. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b provide or protect with a cushion or cushions.\p\B2\b provide with a defence; protect.\p\B3\b mitigate the adverse effects of \3(cushioned the blow).\c\p\B4\b quietly suppress.\p\B5\b \IBilliards\i place or bounce (the ball) against the cushion in billiards. \Bcushiony\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ico(i)ssin,\i \Icu(i)ssin\i and Gallo-Roman from Latin \Iculcita\i 'mattress, cushion'\c
<hw>Cushitic</hw> \K/kU"SItIk/\k \In. & adj.\i \ILinguistics\i\p\In.\i\pa group of E. African languages of the Hamitic type. \Iadj.\i of this group. \BEtymology:\b \3\ICush,\i the name of an ancient country in the Nile valley + \J\X-ite\x (1)\j + \J\X-ic\x\j\c
<hw>cushy</hw> \K/"kUSi/\k \Iadj.\i \B(cushier,\b \Bcushiest)\b \Icolloq.\i\p\B1\b (of a job etc.) easy and pleasant.\p\B2\b \BUS\b (of a seat, surroundings, etc.) soft, comfortable. \Bcushiness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Anglo-Indian via Urdu \Ikushi\i 'pleasure' from Persian \IkuÜ\i\c
<hw>cusp</hw> \K/kVsp/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an apex or peak.\p\B2\b the horn of a crescent moon etc.\p\B3\b \IAstrol.\i the initial point of an astrological sign or house.\p\B4\b \IArchit.\i a projecting point between small arcs in Gothic tracery.\p\B5\b \IGeom.\i the point at which two arcs meet from the same direction terminating with a common tangent.\p\B6\b \IBot.\i a pointed end, esp. of a leaf.\p\B7\b \IAnat.\i a cone-shaped prominence on the surface of a tooth, esp. of a molar or premolar.\p\B8\b \IAnat.\i a pocket or fold in a valve of the heart. \Bcuspate\b \K/-speIt/\k \Iadj.\i \Bcusped\b \Iadj.\i \Bcuspidal\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icuspis,\i \I-idis\i 'point, apex'\c
<hw>cuspidor</hw> \K/"kVspIdO:/\k\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b a spittoon. \BEtymology:\b \3Portuguese, = spitter from \Icuspir\i 'spit', from Latin \Iconspuere\i\c
<hw>cuss</hw> \K/kVs/\k \In. & v.\i \Icolloq.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a curse.\p\B2\b usu. \Iderog.\i a person; a creature. \Iv.tr. & intr.\i curse. \BEtymology:\b \3variant of \J\Xcurse\x\j\c
<hw>cussed</hw> \K/"kVsId/\k \Iadj.\i \Icolloq.\i awkward and stubborn. \Bcussedly\b \Iadv.\i \Bcussedness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3variant of \J\Xcursed\x\j\c
<hw>cuss word</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Icolloq.\i a swear word.
<hw>custard</hw> \K/"kVst\F'\nd/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i\p\B1\b a sweet sauce made with milk and flavoured cornflour.\p\B2\b a dish made with milk and eggs, usu. sweetened. \BEtymology:\b \3originally an open pie containing meat or fruit in a sauce: Middle English, earlier \Icrusta(r)de\i via Anglo-French from Old French \Icrouste\i \J\Xcrust\x\j\c
<hw>custard apple</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a W. Indian fruit, Annona reticulata, with a custard-like pulp.
<hw>custard pie</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ITheatr\i\p\B1\b a pie containing custard or foam, commonly thrown in slapstick comedy.\p\B2\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i denoting slapstick comedy.
<hw>custard powder</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i a preparation of cornflour etc. for making custard.
<hw>custodian</hw> \K/kV"st\F'\nUdI\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\pa guardian or keeper, esp. of a public building etc. \Bcustodianship\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xcustody\x\j + \J\X-an\x,\j on the pattern of \Iguardian\i\c
<hw>custody</hw> \K/"kVst\F'\ndi/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i\p\B1\b guardianship; protective care.\p\B2\b imprisonment.\p\1take into custody\c \ICriminol\i arrest. \Bcustodial\b \K/kV"st\F'\nUdI\F'\nl/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icustodia\i from \Icustos -odis\i 'guardian'\c
<hw>custom</hw> \K/"kVst\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IAnthropol\i \Ba\b the usual way of behaving or acting \3(a slave to custom).\c \Bb\b a particular established way of behaving \3(our customs seem strange to foreigners).\c\p\B2\b \ILaw\i established usage having the force of law.\p\B3\b \Besp. Brit.\b \ICommerce\i business patronage; regular dealings or customers \3(lost a lot of custom).\c\p\B4\b \I(in \Bpl.;\b\i \Ialso treated as \Bsing.)\b\i \ICommerce\i \Ba\b a duty levied on certain imported and exported goods. \Bb\b the official department that administers this. \Bc\b the area at a port, frontier, etc., where customs officials deal with incoming goods, baggage, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English and Old French \Icustume,\i ultimately from Latin \Iconsuetudo -dinis:\i see \J\Xconsuetude\x\j\c
<hw>customary</hw> \K/"kVst\F'\nm(\F'\n)ri/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b usual; in accordance with custom.\p\B2\b \ILaw\i in accordance with custom.\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \ILaw\i a book etc. listing the customs and established practices of a community. \Bcustomarily\b \Iadv.\i \Bcustomariness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Icustumarius\i from \Icustuma,\i from Anglo-French \Icustume\i (as \J\Xcustom\x)\j\c
<hw>custom-built</hw> \Iadj.\i made to a customer's order.
<hw>customer</hw> \K/"kVst\F'\nm\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person who buys goods or services from a shop or business.\p\B2\b a person one has to deal with \3(an awkward customer).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Anglo-French \Icustumer\i (as \J\Xcustomary\x),\j or from \J\Xcustom\x\j + \J\X-er\x (1)\j\c
<hw>custom house</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcustoms house)\b \ICommerce\i the office at a port or frontier etc. at which customs duties are levied.\Kvar. new f. corpus Sep 93\k
<hw>customize</hw> \K/"kVst\F'\nmVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b make to order or modify according to individual requirements.
<hw>customs union</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i a group of states with an agreed common tariff, and usu. free trade with each other.
<hw>cut</hw> \K/kVt/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B(cutting;\b \Ipast\i and \Ipast part.\i \Bcut)\b\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \I(also \Babsol.)\b\i penetrate or wound with a sharp-edged instrument \3(cut his finger;\c \2the knife won't cut).\c\p\B2\b \Itr. & intr.\i \I(often foll. by \Binto)\b\i divide or be divided with a knife etc. \3(cut the bread;\c \2cut the cloth into metre lengths).\c\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b trim or reduce the length of (hair, a hedge, etc.) by cutting. \Bb\b detach all or the significant part of (flowers, corn, etc.) by cutting.\p\B4\b \Itr.\i \I(foll. by \Bloose,\b \Bopen,\b etc.)\i make loose, open, etc. by cutting.\p\B5\b \Itr.\i (esp. as \Bcutting\b \Iadj.)\i cause sharp physical or mental pain to \3(a cutting remark;\c \2a cutting wind;\c \2was cut to the quick).\c\p\B6\b \Itr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bdown)\b\i \Ba\b reduce (wages, prices, time, etc.). \Bb\b reduce or cease (services etc.).\p\B7\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b shape or fashion (a coat, gem, key, record, etc.) by cutting. \Bb\b make (a path, tunnel, etc.) by removing material.\p\B8\b \Itr.\i perform, execute, make \3(cut a caper;\c \2cut a sorry figure).\c\p\B9\b \Itr.\i \I(also \Babsol.)\b\i cross, intersect \3(the line cuts the circle at two points;\c \2the two lines cut).\c\p\B10\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bacross,\b \Bthrough,\b etc.)\i pass or traverse, esp. in a hurry or as a shorter way \3(cut across the grass).\c\p\B11\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b ignore or refuse to recognize (a person). \Bb\b renounce (a connection).\p\B12\b \Itr.\i \Besp. N. Amer.\b deliberately fail to attend (a class etc.).\p\B13\b \ICards\i \Ba\b \Itr.\i divide (a pack) into two parts. \Bb\b \Iintr.\i select a dealer etc. by dividing the pack.\p\B14\b \ICinematog.\i \Ba\b \Itr.\i edit (a film or tape). \Bb\b \Iintr.\i \I(often in \Bimper.)\b\i stop filming or recording. \Bc\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bto)\b\i go quickly to (another shot).\p\B15\b \Itr.\i switch off (an engine etc.).\p\B16\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b \ISport\i hit (a ball) with a chopping motion. \Bb\b \IGolf\i slice (the ball).\p\B17\b \Itr.\i \BN. Amer.\b dilute, adulterate.\p\B18\b \Itr.\i (as \Bcut\b \Iadj.)\i \BBrit.\b \Islang\i drunk.\p\B19\b \Iintr.\i \ICricket\i (of the ball) turn sharply on pitching.\p\B20\b \Iintr.\i \Islang\i run.\p\B21\b \Itr.\i \IAnat\i castrate.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an act of cutting.\p\B2\b a division or wound made by cutting.\p\B3\b a stroke with a knife, sword, whip, etc.\p\B4\b \Ba\b \ICommerce\i a reduction (in prices, wages, etc.). \Bb\b \BBrit.\b \IElectr\i a cessation (of a power supply etc.).\p\B5\b \ILiterature Cinematog\i an excision of part of a play, film, book, etc.\p\B6\b a wounding remark or act.\p\B7\b \IHairdressing\i the way or style in which a garment, the hair, etc., is cut.\p\B8\b \IFood\i a piece of meat etc. cut from a carcass.\p\B9\b \Icolloq.\i commission; a share of profits.\p\B10\b \ITennis\i & \ICricket etc.\i a stroke made by cutting.\p\B11\b ignoring of or refusal to recognize a person.\p\B12\b \IPrinting\i \Ba\b an engraved block for printing. \Bb\b \IArt\i = \J\Xwoodcut\x 1, 2.\j\p\B13\b \IRailways\i a railway cutting.\p\B14\b a new channel made for a river.\p\1a cut above\c \Icolloq.\i noticeably superior to.\p\1be cut out\c \I(foll. by \Bfor,\b or \Bto\b + infin.)\i be suited \3(was not cut out to be a teacher).\c\p\Bcut across\b\p\B1\b transcend or take no account of (normal limitations etc.) \3(their concern cuts across normal rivalries).\c\p\B2\b \Isee\i sense 10 of\p\Iv.\i\p\1cut and dried\c\p\B1\b completely decided; pre-arranged; inflexible.\p\B2\b (of opinions etc.) ready-made, lacking freshness.\p\1cut and run\c \Icolloq.\i run away.\p\1cut and thrust\c\p\B1\b a lively interchange of argument etc.\p\B2\b the use of both the edge and the point of a sword.\p\Bcut back\b\p\B1\b \ICommerce\i reduce (expenditure etc.).\p\B2\b \IHort\i prune (a tree etc.).\p\B3\b \ICinematog.\i repeat part of a previous scene for dramatic effect.\p\1cut both ways\c\p\B1\b serve both sides of an argument etc.\p\B2\b (of an action) have both good and bad effects.\p\1cut one's coat according to one's cloth\c\p\B1\b adapt expenditure to resources.\p\B2\b limit ambition to what is feasible.\p\1cut a corner\c go across and not round it.\p\1cut corners\c do a task etc. perfunctorily or incompletely, esp. to save time.\p\1cut a dash\c \Isee\i \J\Xdash\x.\j\p\1cut dead\c completely refuse to recognize (a person).\p\Bcut down\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b bring or throw down by cutting. \Bb\b kill by means of a sword or disease.\p\B2\b \Isee\i sense 6 of\p\Iv.\i\p\B3\b reduce the length of \3(cut down the trousers to make shorts).\c\p\B4\b \I(often foll. by \Bon)\b\i reduce one's consumption \3(tried to cut down on beer).\c\p\1cut a person down to size\c \Icolloq.\i ruthlessly expose the limitations of a person's importance, ability, etc.\p\1cut one's eye-teeth\c attain worldly wisdom.\p\Bcut in\b\p\B1\b interrupt.\p\B2\b pull in too closely in front of another vehicle (esp. having overtaken it).\p\B3\b give a share of profits etc. to (a person).\p\B4\b \IElectr\i connect (a source of electricity).\p\B5\b \ICards\i join in a card game by taking the place of a player who cuts out.\p\B6\b \IDancing\i interrupt a dancing couple to take over from one partner.\p\Bcut into\b\p\B1\b make a cut in \3(they cut into the cake).\c\p\B2\b interfere with and reduce \3(travelling cuts into my free time).\c\p\1cut it fine\c \Isee\i \J\Xfine\x (1).\j\p\1cut it out\c \I(usu. in \Bimper.)\b\i \Icolloq.\i stop doing that (esp. quarrelling).\p\1cut the knot\c solve a problem in an irregular but efficient way.\p\1cut loose\c\p\B1\b begin to act freely.\p\B2\b \Isee\i sense 4 of\p\Iv.\i\p\1cut one's losses\c (or \Ba loss)\b abandon an unprofitable enterprise before losses become too great.\p\1cut the mustard\c \BN. Amer.\b \Islang\i reach the required standard.\p\1cut no ice\c \Icolloq.\i\p\B1\b have no influence or importance.\p\B2\b achieve little or nothing.\p\1cut off\c\p\B1\b remove (an appendage) by cutting.\p\B2\b \Ba\b \I(often in \Bpassive)\b\i bring to an abrupt end or (esp. early) death. \Bb\b intercept, interrupt; prevent from continuing \3(cut off supplies;\c \2cut off the gas).\c \Bc\b disconnect (a person engaged in a telephone conversation) \3(was suddenly cut off).\c\p\B3\b \Ba\b prevent from travelling or venturing out \3(was cut off by the snow).\c \Bb\b (as \Bcut off\b \Iadj.)\i isolated, remote \3(felt cut off in the country).\c\p\B4\b disinherit \3(was cut off without a penny).\c\p\Bcut out\b\p\B1\b remove from the inside by cutting.\p\B2\b make by cutting from a larger whole.\p\B3\b omit; leave out.\p\B4\b \Icolloq.\i stop doing or using (something) \3(managed to cut out chocolate;\c \2let's cut out the arguing).\c\p\B5\b cease or cause to cease functioning \3(the engine cut out).\c\p\B6\b outdo or supplant (a rival).\p\B7\b \BUS\b \IAgriculture\i detach (an animal) from the herd.\p\B8\b \ICards\i be excluded from a card game as a result of a decision taken by cutting the pack.\p\1cut short\c\p\B1\b interrupt; terminate prematurely \3(cut short his visit).\c\p\B2\b make shorter or more concise.\p\1cut one's teeth on\c acquire initial practice or experience from (something).\p\1cut a tooth\c have it appear through the gum.\p\Bcut up\b\p\B1\b cut into pieces.\p\B2\b destroy utterly.\p\B3\b \I(usu. in \Bpassive)\b\i \BBrit.\b distress greatly \3(was very cut up about it).\c\p\B4\b criticize severely.\p\B5\b \BN. Amer.\b \Iderog.\i behave in a comical or unruly manner.\p\1cut up rough\c \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i show anger or resentment.\p\1cut up well\c \BBrit.\b \Islang\i bequeath a large fortune.\p\1have one's work cut out\c \Isee\i \J\Xwork\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English \Icutte,\i \Ikitte,\i \Ikette,\i probably from Old English\c
<hw>cut-and-come-again</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b the opportunity of helping oneself as often as one likes; abundance \I(usu. \Battrib.:\b\i \2a cut-and-come-again fruit cake).\c
<hw>cut-and-paste</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPublishing Computing\i the process of assembling text by adding or combining sections from other texts \I(often \Battrib.:\b\i \2cut-and-paste montage).\c\Knew f. corpus Sep 93\k
<hw>cutaneous</hw> \K/kju:"teInI\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i \IAnat\i of the skin. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \Icutaneus\i from Latin \Icutis\i 'skin'\c
<hw>cutaway</hw> \K/"kVt\F'\nweI/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b (of a diagram etc.) with some parts left out to reveal the interior.\p\B2\b \IFashion\i (of a coat) with the front below the waist cut away.
<hw>cutback</hw> \K/"kVtbak/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i an instance or the act of cutting back, esp. a reduction in expenditure.
<hw>cut-down</hw> \Iadj.\i that has been reduced, esp. in length \3(a cut-down raincoat;\c \2a cut-down version of the play).\c\Knew f. corpus Sep 93\k
<hw>cutesy</hw> \K/"kju:tsi/\k \Iadj.\i \Icolloq.\i dainty or quaint to an affected degree.\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED Sep 93\k
<hw>cut glass</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IGlass-making\i glass with patterns and designs cut on it.
<hw>cuticle</hw> \K/"kju:tIk(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IAnat\i the dead skin at the base of a fingernail or toenail.\p\B2\b the outer cellular layer of a hair.\Ksense 2 new f. corpus, CMed Dict Jun 94\k\p\B3\b the epidermis.\p\B4\b \IBot.\i & \IZool.\i the outer layer of an organism, esp. a protective often waxy layer covering the epidermis of a plant or invertebrate. \Bcuticular\b \K/-"tIkjUl\F'\n/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icuticula,\i diminutive of \Icutis\i 'skin'\c
<hw>cutie</hw> \K/"kju:ti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Islang\i an attractive young woman.
<hw>cut-in</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICinematog.\i something that is cut in, esp. an interposed scene in a film.\Knew f. corpus, SOED Sep 93\k
<hw>cutis</hw> \K/"kju:tIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnat.\i the true skin or dermis, underlying the epidermis. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = skin\c
<hw>cutlass</hw> \K/"kVtl\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMil Naut\i a short sword with a slightly curved blade, esp. of the type formerly used by sailors. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icoutelas,\i ultimately from Latin \Icultellus:\i see \J\Xcutler\x\j\c
<hw>cutler</hw> \K/"kVtl\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pa person who makes or deals in cutlery. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Anglo-French \Icotillere,\i Old French \Icoutelier,\i from \Icoutel,\i from Latin \Icultellus,\i diminutive of \Iculter\i \J\Xcoulter\x\j\c
<hw>cutlery</hw> \K/"kVtl\F'\nri/\k\p\In.\i\pknives, forks, and spoons for use at table. \BEtymology:\b \3Old French & French \Icoutel(l)erie\i (as \J\Xcutler\x)\j\c
<hw>cutlet</hw> \K/"kVtlIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b a neck-chop of mutton or lamb.\p\B2\b a small piece of veal etc. for frying.\p\B3\b a flat cake of minced meat or nuts and breadcrumbs etc. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ic⌠telette,\i Old French \Icostelet,\i diminutive of \Icoste\i 'rib', from Latin \Icosta\i\c
<hw>cut-line</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a caption to an illustration.\p\B2\b \ISport\i the line in squash above which a served ball must strike the wall.
<hw>cut-off</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the point at which something is cut off.\p\B2\b a device for stopping a flow.\p\B3\b \BUS\b a short cut.\p\B4\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \IClothing\i shorts, esp. made from cut-down jeans.\K4 new f. SOED Sep 93\k
<hw>cut-out</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a figure cut out of paper etc.\p\B2\b \IElectr. etc.\i a device for automatic disconnection, the release of exhaust gases, etc.
<hw>cut-price</hw> \Iadj.\i (also \Bcut-rate)\b \ICommerce\i selling or sold at a reduced price.
<hw>cutpurse</hw> \K/"kVtp\F'\n:s/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICriminol\i \Iarchaic\i a pickpocket; a thief.
<hw>cutter</hw> \K/"kVt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person or thing that cuts.\Ksense 1 new in COD9 f. POD Sep 93\k\p\B2\b \ITextiles\i a tailor etc. who takes measurements and cuts cloth.\p\B3\b \INaut.\i \Ba\b a small fast sailing ship. \Bb\b a small boat carried by a large ship.\p\B4\b \ICricket\i a ball turning sharply on pitching.\p\B5\b \BN. Amer.\b \ITransport\i a light horse-drawn sleigh.
<hw>cut-throat</hw> \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a murderer.\p\B2\b (in full \Bcut-throat razor)\b \BBrit.\b a razor having a long blade set in a handle and usu. folding like a penknife.\p\B3\b \IZool\i a species of trout, Salmo clarki, with a red mark under the jaw. \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b (of competition) ruthless and intense.\p\B2\b \ICards\i (of a card game) three-handed.
<hw>cutting</hw> \K/"kVtIN/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b a piece cut from a newspaper etc.\p\B2\b \IHort\i a piece cut from a plant for propagation.\p\B3\b \IEngin\i an excavated channel through high ground for a railway or road. \Iadj.\i \Iin senses of\i \J\Xcut\x\p\Iv.\i\p5.\j \Bcuttingly\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>cutting edge</hw> \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an edge that cuts.\p\B2\b the forefront of a movement etc.\p\B3\b the most significant factor. \Iattrib.adj.\i \B(cutting-edge)\b pioneering, innovative.\Knew f. SOED, corpus Sep 93\k
<hw>cuttle</hw> \K/"kVt(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p= \J\Xcuttlefish\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Icudele,\i Middle English \Icodel,\i related to \Icod\i 'bag', with reference to its ink-bag\c
<hw>cuttle-bone</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i the internal shell of the cuttlefish crushed and used for polishing teeth etc. or as a supplement to the diet of a cage bird.
<hw>cuttlefish</hw> \K/"kVt(\F'\n)lfIS/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i usu. same) \IZool\i any marine cephalopod mollusc of the genera \ISepia\i and \ISepiola,\i having ten arms and ejecting a black fluid when threatened or pursued.
<hw>cutty</hw> \K/"kVti/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \BSc.\b & \BN.Engl.\b \Iadj.\i cut short; abnormally short.\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b a short tobacco pipe.
<hw>cutty-stool</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i \Ihist.\i a stool provided for an offender to be publicly rebuked during a church service.
<hw>cutwater</hw> \K/"kVtwO:t\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\INaut\i\p\B1\b the forward edge of a ship's prow.\p\B2\b a wedge-shaped projection from the pier of a bridge.
<hw>cutworm</hw> \K/"kVtw\F'\n:m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i any of various caterpillars that eat through the stems of young plants level with the ground.
<hw>cuvΘe</hw> \K/kju:"veI/\k\p\In.\i\p\IDrink\i a blend or batch of wine. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = vatful, from \Icuve\i 'cask', from Latin \Icupa\i\c
<hw>cuvette</hw> \K/kju:"vEt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a shallow vessel for liquid.\p\B2\b a straight-sided transparent container for holding a liquid sample in a spectrophotometer etc.\Ksense 2 new f. OERD Jun 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3French, diminutive of \Icuve\i 'cask', from Latin \Icupa\i\c
<hw>CV</hw> \Iabbr.\i curriculum vitae.
<hw>CVO</hw> \Iabbr.\i \BBrit.\b Commander of the Royal Victorian Order.
<hw>CVS</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IMed\i chorionic villus sample, a test on a pregnant woman to detect any chromosomal abnormalities in the foetus.
<hw>Cwlth.</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IPolit\i Commonwealth.
<hw>cwm</hw> \K/kUm/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b (in Wales) = \J\Xcoomb\x.\j\p\B2\b \IGeog.\i a cirque. \BEtymology:\b \3Welsh\c
<hw>c.w.o.</hw> \Iabbr.\i \ICommerce\i cash with order.
<hw>-cy</hw> \K/si/\k \Isuffix\i (see also \J\X-acy\x,\j \J\X-ancy\x,\j \J\X-cracy\x,\j \J\X-ency\x,\j \J\X-mancy\x).\j\p\B1\b denoting state or condition \3(bankruptcy;\c \2idiocy).\c\p\B2\b denoting rank or status \3(captaincy).\c \BEtymology:\b \3from or suggested by Latin \I-cia,\i \I-tia,\i Greek \I-k(e)ia,\i \I-t(e)ia\i\c
<hw>cyan</hw> \K/"sVI\F'\nn/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\pa greenish-blue colour. \Iadj.\i of this colour. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ikuan(e)os\i 'dark blue'\c
<hw>cyanamide</hw> \K/sVI"an\F'\nmVId/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i\p\B1\b a weakly acidic colourless crystalline amide of cyanogen. Chem. formula: CH2N2.\Kformula\k\p\B2\b any salt of this, esp. a calcium salt used as a fertilizer. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xcyanogen\x\j + \J\Xamide\x\j\c
<hw>cyanide</hw> \K/"sVI\F'\nnVId/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i any of the highly poisonous salts or esters of hydrocyanic acid, esp. the potassium salt used in the extraction of gold and silver. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xcyanogen\x\j + \J\X-ide\x\j\c
<hw>cyanobacterium</hw> \K/%sVI\F'\nn\F'\nUbak"tI\F'\nrI\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot Biol\i any prokaryotic organism of the division Cyanobacteria, found in many environments and capable of photosynthesizing. \IAlso called\i \Iblue-green alga.\i \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xcyanogen\x\j + \J\Xbacterium\x\j\c
<hw>cyanocobalamin</hw> \K/%sVI\F'\nn\F'\nUk\F'\n"bal\F'\nmIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiochem\i a vitamin of the B complex, found in foods of animal origin such as liver, fish, and eggs, a deficiency of which can cause pernicious anaemia. \IAlso called\i \Ivitamin B12.\i \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xcyanogen\x\j + \Icobalamin\i from \J\Xcobalt\x\j + \J\Xvitamin\x\j\c
<hw>cyanogen</hw> \K/sVI"an\F'\ndZ(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i a colourless highly poisonous gas intermediate in the preparation of many fertilizers. Chem. formula: C2N2.\Kformula\k \BEtymology:\b \3French \IcyanogΦne\i from Greek \Ikuanos\i 'dark blue mineral', as being a constituent of Prussian blue\c
<hw>cyanogenic</hw> \K/sVI\F'\nn\F'\n"dZEnIk/\k \Iadj.\i \IChem.\i capable of providing cyanide.\Knew f. NSOED April 94\k
<hw>cyanosis</hw> \K/sVI\F'\n"n\F'\nUsIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed.\i a bluish discoloration of the skin due to the presence of oxygen-deficient blood. \Bcyanotic\b \K/-"nQtIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from Greek \Ikuanosis\i 'blueness' (as \J\Xcyanogen\x)\j\c
<hw>cyber-</hw> \K/"sVIb\F'\n/\k \Iprefix\i forming words relating to electronic communication networks and virtual reality.\Knew f. JHM Dec 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3back-formation from \J\Xcybernetics\x\j\c
<hw>cybernetics</hw> \K/sVIb\F'\n"nEtIks/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISci\i the science of communications and automatic control systems in both machines and living things. \Bcybernetic\b \Iadj.\i \Bcybernetician\b \K/-"tIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bcyberneticist\b \K/-sIst/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ikubernetes\i 'steersman'\c
<hw>cyberpunk</hw> \K/"sVIb\F'\npVNk/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILiterature\i a style of science fiction featuring urban counter-culture in a world of high technology and virtual reality.\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xcyber-\x\j + \J\Xpunk\x\j\c
<hw>cyberspace</hw> \K/"sVIb\F'\nspeIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IComputing\i the notional environment in which electronic communication occurs; virtual reality.\Knew f. NSOED, OERD, incomings Sep 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xcyber-\x\j + \J\Xspace\x\p\In.\i\p\j\c
<hw>cyborg</hw> \K/"sVIbO:g/\k\p\In.\i\pa person whose physical abilities are extended beyond normal human limitations by machine technology (as yet undeveloped).\Knew f. SOED, corpus Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xcyber-\x\j + \J\Xorganism\x\j\c
<hw>cycad</hw> \K/"sVIkad/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot.\i a palmlike plant of the order Cycadales (including fossil forms) inhabiting tropical and subtropical regions and often growing to a great height. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \Icycas,\i \Icycad-\i from supposed Greek \Ikukas,\i scribal error for \Ikoikas,\i pl. of \Ikoix\i 'Egyptian palm'\c
<hw>Cycladic</hw> \K/sI"kladIk/, /sVI-/\k \Iadj.\i \IGeog Archaeol\i of the Cyclades, a group of islands east of the Greek mainland, esp. of the Bronze Age civilization that flourished there. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \ICyclades,\i from Greek \IKuklades,\i from \Ikuklos\i 'circle' (of islands)\c
<hw>cyclamate</hw> \K/"sIkl\F'\nmeIt/, /"sVIk-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem Food\i any of various compounds related to sulphamic acid and formerly used as artificial sweetening agents. \BEtymology:\b \3contraction of chemical name \Icyclohexylsulphamate\i\c
<hw>cyclamen</hw> \K/"sIkl\F'\nm\F'\nn/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i same or \Bcyclamens)\b\p\B1\b \IBot\i any plant of the genus \ICyclamen,\i originating in Europe, having pink, red, or white flowers with reflexed petals, often grown in pots.\p\B2\b the shade of colour of the red or pink cyclamen flower. \Iadj.\i of this colour.\Kadj. new f. corpus Nov 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin from Greek \Ikuklaminos,\i perhaps from \Ikuklos\i 'circle', with reference to its bulbous roots\c
<hw>cycle</hw> \K/"sVIk(\F'\n)l/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a recurrent round or period (of events, phenomena, etc.). \Bb\b the time needed for one such round or period.\p\B2\b \Ba\b \IPhysics etc.\i a recurrent series of operations or states. \Bb\b \IElectr.\i = \J\Xhertz\x.\j\p\B3\b \IMus. etc.\i a series of songs, poems, etc., usu. on a single theme.\p\B4\b \ITransport\i a bicycle, tricycle, or similar machine. \Iv.intr.\i\p\B1\b ride a bicycle etc.\p\B2\b move in cycles. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French, or Late Latin \Icyclus\i from Greek \Ikuklos\i 'circle'\c
<hw>cycle track</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcycleway)\b \BBrit.\b \ISport\i a path or road for bicycles.
<hw>cyclic</hw> \K/"sVIklIk/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b recurring in cycles. \Bb\b belonging to a chronological cycle.\p\B2\b \IChem.\i with constituent atoms forming a ring.\p\B3\b \IMus. etc.\i of a cycle of songs etc.\p\B4\b \IBot.\i (of a flower) with its parts arranged in whorls.\p\B5\b \IMath.\i of a circle or cycle. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icyclique\i or Latin \Icyclicus\i from Greek \Ikuklikos\i (as \J\Xcycle\x)\j\c
<hw>cycloalkane</hw> \K/sVIkl\F'\nU"alkeIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i a saturated cyclic hydrocarbon.
<hw>cyclo-cross</hw> \K/"sVIkl\F'\nUkrQs/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISport\i cross-country racing on bicycles.
<hw>cyclograph</hw> \K/"sVIkl\F'\ngrA:f/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeom\i an instrument for tracing circular arcs.
<hw>cyclohexane</hw> \K/sVIkl\F'\nU"hEkseIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i a colourless liquid cycloalkane used as a solvent and paint remover. Chem. formula: C6H12.\Kformula\k
<hw>cycloid</hw> \K/"sVIklOId/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMath.\i a curve traced by a point on a circle when the circle is rolled along a straight line. \Bcycloidal\b \K/-"klOId(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ikukloeides\i (as \J\Xcycle\x,\j \J\X-oid\x)\j\c
<hw>cyclometer</hw> \K/sVI"klQmIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IGeom\i an instrument for measuring circular arcs.\p\B2\b \ICycling Transport Sport\i an instrument for measuring the distance traversed by a bicycle etc.
<hw>cyclone</hw> \K/"sVIkl\F'\nUn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMeteorol\i\p\B1\b a system of winds rotating inwards to an area of low barometric pressure; a depression.\p\B2\b (in full \Btropical cyclone)\b a violent wind system of this kind, formed in localized areas over tropical oceans, with winds of hurricane force. \Bcyclonic\b \K/-"klQnIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Bcyclonically\b \K/-"klQnIk(\F'\n)li/\k \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3probably from Greek \Ikukloma\i 'wheel, coil of a snake'\c
<hw>Cyclopean</hw> \K/sVIkl\F'\n"pi:\F'\nn/, /-"kl\F'\nUpI\F'\nn/\k \Iadj.\i (also \BCyclopian)\b\p\B1\b \IArchit Archaeol\i (of ancient masonry) made with massive irregular blocks.\p\B2\b of or resembling a Cyclops.
<hw>cyclopedia</hw> \K/sVIkl\F'\n(U)"pi:dI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bcyclopaedia)\b \IBibliog\i an encyclopedia. \Bcyclopedic\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3shortening of \J\Xencyclopedia\x\j\c
<hw>cyclopropane</hw> \K/sVIkl\F'\n(U)"pr\F'\nUpeIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i a colourless gaseous cycloalkane used as a general anaesthetic. Chem. formula: C3H6.\Kformula\k
<hw>Cyclops</hw> \K/"sVIklQps/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \I(pl.\i \BCyclops\b or \BCyclopses\b or \BCyclopes\b \K/sVI"kl\F'\nUpi:z/\k) \IMythol\i (in Greek mythology) a member of a race of one-eyed giants.\p\B2\b \B(cyclops)\b \I(pl.\i \Bcyclops\b or \Bcyclopes)\b \IZool.\i a crustacean of the genus \ICyclops,\i with a single central eye. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin from Greek \IKuklops,\i from \Ikuklos\i 'circle' + \Iops\i 'eye'\c
<hw>cyclorama</hw> \K/sVIkl\F'\n"rA:m\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITheatr\i a circular panorama, curved wall, or cloth at the rear of a stage, esp. one used to represent the sky. \Bcycloramic\b \K/-"ramIk/\k \Iadj.\i
<hw>cyclosporin</hw> \K/sVIkl\F'\n(U)"spO:rIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed.\i a peptide drug used to prevent the rejection of grafts and transplants.\Knew f. NSOED April 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xcyclo-\x\j + \I-sporum\i part of the name of a fungus which produces it + \J\X-in\x\j\c
<hw>cyclostome</hw> \K/"sVIkl\F'\nst\F'\nUm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i an eel-like jawless vertebrate of the subclass Cyclostomata, having a large sucking mouth, e.g. a lamprey. \Bcyclostomate\b \K/-"klQst\F'\nm\F'\nt/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xcyclo-\x\j + Greek \Istoma\i 'mouth'\c
<hw>cyclostyle</hw> \K/"sVIkl\F'\nstVIl/\k \In. & v.\i \IPrinting\i\p\In.\i\pan apparatus for printing copies of writing from a stencil. \Iv.tr.\i print or reproduce with this.
<hw>cyclothymia</hw> \K/sVIkl\F'\n(U)"TVImI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPsychol.\i a disorder characterized by the occurrence of marked swings of mood from cheerfulness to misery. \Bcyclothymic\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xcyclo-\x\j + Greek \Ithumos\i 'temper'\c
<hw>cyclotron</hw> \K/"sVIkl\F'\ntrQn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i an apparatus in which charged atomic and subatomic particles are accelerated by an alternating electric field while following an outward spiral or circular path in a magnetic field. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xcyclo-\x\j + \J\X-tron\x\j\c
<hw>cygnet</hw> \K/"sIgnIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a young swan. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Anglo-French \Icignet,\i diminutive of Old French \Icigne\i 'swan', via medieval Latin \Icycnus\i from Greek \Ikuknos\i\c
<hw>cylinder</hw> \K/"sIlInd\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \IGeom\i a uniform solid or hollow body with straight sides and a circular section. \Bb\b a thing of this shape, e.g. a container for liquefied gas.\p\B2\b \IMech\i a cylinder-shaped part of various machines, esp. a piston-chamber in an engine.\p\B3\b \IPrinting\i a metal roller. \Bcylindrical\b \K/-"lIndrIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Bcylindrically\b \K/-"lIndrIk(\F'\n)li/\k \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icylindrus\i from Greek \Ikulindros,\i from \Ikulindo\i 'roll'\c
<hw>cylinder seal</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAntiq.\i a small barrel-shaped object of stone or baked clay bearing a cuneiform inscription, esp. for use as a seal.
<hw>cyma</hw> \K/"sVIm\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IArchit.\i an ogee moulding of a cornice.\p\B2\b \IBot\i = \J\Xcyme\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from Greek \Ikuma\i 'wave, wavy moulding'\c
<hw>cymbal</hw> \K/"sImb(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMus\i a musical instrument consisting of a concave brass or bronze plate, struck with another or with a stick etc. to make a ringing sound. \Bcymbalist\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Latin \Icymbalum\i from Greek \Ikumbalon,\i from \Ikumbe\i 'cup'\c
<hw>cymbidium</hw> \K/sIm"bIdI\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i any tropical orchid of the genus \ICymbidium,\i with a recess in the flower-lip. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from Greek \Ikumbe\i 'cup'\c
<hw>cyme</hw> \K/sVIm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot.\i \IAnat\i an inflorescence in which the primary axis bears a single terminal flower that develops first, the system being continued by the axes of secondary and higher orders each with a flower \I(cf.\i \J\Xraceme\x).\j \Bcymose\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French, variant of \Icime\i 'summit', ultimately from Greek \Ikuma\i 'wave'\c
<hw>cynic</hw> \K/"sInIk/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person who has little faith in human sincerity and integrity.\p\B2\b \B(Cynic)\b \IPhilos\i one of a school of ancient Greek philosophers founded by Antisthenes, marked by ostentatious contempt for ease and pleasure. \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \B(Cynic)\b of the Cynics.\p\B2\b = \J\Xcynical\x.\j \Bcynicism\b \K/-sIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icynicus\i from Greek \Ikunikos,\i from \Ikuon kunos\i 'dog', nickname for a Cynic\c
<hw>cynical</hw> \K/"sInIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of or characteristic of a cynic; incredulous of human sincerity or integrity.\p\B2\b disregarding accepted or appropriate standards \3(a cynical attempt to secure votes).\c\p\B3\b sneering, mocking. \Bcynically\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>cynocephalus</hw> \K/sVIn\F'\n(U)"sEf(\F'\n)l\F'\ns/, /sIn-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMythol\i a fabled dog-headed man.\p\B2\b \IZool\i a flying lemur. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ikunokephalos,\i from \Ikuon kunos\i 'dog' + \Ikephale\i 'head'\c
<hw>cynosure</hw> \K/"sIn\F'\nzjU\F'\n/, /"sVIn-/, /-sjU\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a centre of attraction or admiration.\p\B2\b a guiding star. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icynosure\i or Latin \Icynosura\i from Greek \Ikunosoura\i 'dog's tail, Ursa Minor', from \Ikuon kunos\i 'dog' + \Ioura\i 'tail'\c
<hw>cypher</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xcipher\x.\j
<hw>cy pres</hw> \K/si: preI/\k \Iadv. & adj.\i \ILaw\i as near as possible to the testator's or donor's intentions when these cannot be precisely followed. \BEtymology:\b \3Anglo-French, = \Isi prΦs\i 'so near'\c
<hw>cypress</hw> \K/"sVIpr\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b (also \Bcypress tree)\b \IBot\i any evergreen coniferous tree of the genus \ICupressus\i or \IChamaecyparis,\i having flattened shoots with scalelike leaves, esp. Cupressus sempervirens, with hard wood and dark foliage.\p\B2\b this tree, or branches from it, as a symbol of mourning. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Icipres\i and Late Latin \Icypressus\i from Greek \Ikuparissos\i\c
<hw>cyprinoid</hw> \K/"sIprInOId/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IZool\i \Iadj.\i of or like a carp.\p\In.\i\pa carp or related fish. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Icyprinus\i from Greek \Ikuprinos\i 'carp'\c
<hw>Cypriot</hw> \K/"sIprI\F'\nt/\k \In. & adj.\i (also \BCypriote\b \K/-\F'\nUt/\k)\p\In.\i\p\IPeople\i a native or national of Cyprus. \Iadj.\i of Cyprus. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \IKupriotes\i from \IKupros\i 'Cyprus', an island in the E. Mediterranean\c
<hw>cypripedium</hw> \K/sIprI"pi:dI\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i any orchid of the genus \ICypripedium,\i esp. the lady's slipper. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin, from Greek \IKupris\i 'Aphrodite' + \Ipedilon\i 'slipper'\c
<hw>cypsela</hw> \K/"sIpsIl\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bcypselae\b \K/-%li:/\k) \IBot.\i \IAnat\i a dry single-seeded fruit formed from a double ovary of which only one develops into a seed, characteristic of the daisy family Compositae. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from Greek \Ikupsele\i 'hollow vessel'\c
<hw>Cyrillic</hw> \K/sI"rIlIk/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \ILinguistics\i \Iadj.\i denoting the alphabet used by the Slavonic peoples of the Orthodox Church; now used esp. for Russian and Bulgarian.\p\In.\i\pthis alphabet. \BEtymology:\b \3named after St \ICyril\i (d. 869), its reputed inventor\c
<hw>cyst</hw> \K/sIst/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMed.\i \Ba\b a sac or cavity of abnormal character containing fluid. \Bb\b a structure containing a larval parasite.\p\B2\b \IBiol.\i \Ba\b a hollow organ, bladder, etc., in an animal or plant, containing a liquid secretion. \Bb\b a cell or cavity enclosing reproductive bodies, an embryo, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Icystis\i from Greek \Ikustis\i 'bladder'\c
<hw>cysteine</hw> \K/"sIstIi:n/, /-tIIn/, /-teIn/, /-ti:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiochem.\i a sulphur-containing amino acid, essential in the human diet and a constituent of many enzymes. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xcystine\x\j + -\Ieine\i (variant of \J\X-ine\x (4))\j\c
<hw>cystic</hw> \K/"sIstIk/\k \Iadj.\i \IMed Biol\i\p\B1\b of the urinary bladder.\p\B2\b of the gall bladder.\p\B3\b of the nature of a cyst. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Icystique\i or modern Latin \Icysticus\i (as \J\Xcyst\x)\j\c
<hw>cystic fibrosis</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMed.\i a hereditary disease affecting the exocrine glands and usu. resulting in respiratory infections.
<hw>cystine</hw> \K/"sIsti:n/, /-tIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiochem.\i an organic base which is a naturally occurring dimer of cysteine. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ikustis\i 'bladder' (because first found in urinary calculi) + \J\X-ine\x (4)\j\c\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k
<hw>cystitis</hw> \K/sI"stVItIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i inflammation of the urinary bladder, often caused by infection, and usu. accompanied by frequent painful urination.
<hw>cystoscope</hw> \K/"sIst\F'\nsk\F'\nUp/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISurgery\i an instrument inserted in the urethra for examining the urinary bladder. \Bcystoscopic\b \K/-"skQpIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Bcystoscopy\b \K/sI"stQsk\F'\npi/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>cystotomy</hw> \K/sI"stQt\F'\nmi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \ISurgery\i a surgical incision into the urinary bladder.
<hw>cytidine</hw> \K/"sVItIdi:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiochem\i a nucleoside obtained from RNA by hydrolysis. \BEtymology:\b \3German \ICytidin\i (as \J\X-cyte\x)\j\c
<hw>cyto-</hw> \K/"sVIt\F'\nU/\k \Icomb. form\i \IBiol.\i cells or a cell. \BEtymology:\b \3as \J\X-cyte\x\j\c
<hw>cytochrome</hw> \K/"sVIt\F'\n(U)kr\F'\nUm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiochem.\i a compound consisting of a protein linked to a haem, which is involved in electron transfer reactions.
<hw>cytogenetics</hw> \K/%sVIt\F'\nUdZ\F'\n"nEtIks/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiol\i the study of inheritance in relation to the structure and function of cells. \Bcytogenetic\b \Iadj.\i \Bcytogenetical\b \Iadj.\i \Bcytogenetically\b \Iadv.\i \Bcytogeneticist\b \K/-sIst/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>cytology</hw> \K/sVI"tQl\F'\ndZi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiol\i the study of cells. \Bcytological\b \K/sVIt\F'\n"lQdZIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Bcytologically\b \K/sVIt\F'\n"lQdZIk(\F'\n)li/\k \Iadv.\i \Bcytologist\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>cytomegalovirus</hw> \K/sVIt\F'\nU"mEg(\F'\n)l\F'\n(U)%vVIr\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed.\i a kind of herpes virus which may cause nerve damage in babies or people with weakened immune systems (abbr.: \BCMV).\b\Kabbr\k\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k
<hw>cytoplasm</hw> \K/"sVIt\F'\n(U)plaz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiol\i the protoplasmic content of a cell excluding its nucleus. \Bcytoplasmic\b \K/-"plazmIk/\k \Iadj.\i
<hw>cytosine</hw> \K/"sVIt\F'\nsi:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiochem.\i a pyrimidine derivative found in all living tissue as a component base of DNA and RNA.
<hw>cytoskeleton</hw> \K/"sVIt\F'\nU%skElIt(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiol.\i a network of protein filaments and tubules giving shape and coherence to a living cell.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Oct 93\k
<hw>cytotoxic</hw> \K/sVIt\F'\n(U)"tQksIk/\k \Iadj.\i \IBiochem Pharm\i toxic to cells.
<hw>Czech</hw> \K/tSEk/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPeople\i a native or national of the Czech Republic, Bohemia, or \I(hist)\i Czechoslovakia.\p\B2\b \ILinguistics\i the West Slavonic language of the Czech people \I(cf.\i \J\XSlovak\x).\j \Iadj.\i of or relating to the Czechs or their language. \BEtymology:\b \3Polish spelling of Bohemian \ICech\i\c
<hw>Czechoslovak</hw> \K/tSEk\F'\n(U)"sl\F'\nUvak/\k \In. & adj.\i (also \BCzechoslovakian\b \K/-sl\F'\n"vakI\F'\nn/\k)\p\In.\i\p\IPeople\i a native or national of Czechoslovakia, a former state in central Europe including Bohemia, Moravia, and Slovakia. \Iadj.\i of or relating to Czechoslovaks or the former state of Czechoslovakia. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\XCzech\x\j + \J\XSlovak\x\j\c
<hw>D (1)</hw> \K/di:/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bd)\b \I(pl.\i \BDs\b or \BD's)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b the fourth letter of the alphabet. \Bb\b a thing shaped like this.\K1b replaces 4 Dec 94\k\p\B2\b \IMus.\i the second note of the diatonic scale of C major.\p\B3\b (as a Roman numeral) 500.\p\B4\b \IEducation etc.\i the fourth highest class or category (of academic marks etc.).
<hw>D/A</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IComputing\i digital to analogue.
<hw>da</hw> \Iabbr.\i \ISci\i deca-.
<hw>dab (1)</hw> \K/dab/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B(dabbed,\b \Bdabbing)\b\p\B1\b \Itr.\i press (a surface) briefly with a cloth, sponge, etc., without rubbing, esp. in cleaning or to apply a substance.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i press (a sponge etc.) lightly on a surface.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \I(foll. by \Bon)\b\i apply (a substance) by dabbing a surface.\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bat)\b\i aim a feeble blow; tap.\p\B5\b \Itr.\i strike lightly; tap.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a brief application of a cloth, sponge, etc., to a surface without rubbing.\p\B2\b a small amount of something applied in this way \3(a dab of paint).\c\p\B3\b a light blow or tap.\p\B4\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \BBrit.\b \ICriminol\i \Islang\i fingerprints. \Bdabber\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, imitative\c
<hw>dab (2)</hw> \K/dab/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a small flatfish of the genus \ILimanda.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English: origin unknown\c
<hw>dabble</hw> \K/"dab(\F'\n)l/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bin,\b \Bat)\b\i take a casual or superficial interest or part (in a subject or activity).\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i move the feet, hands, etc. about in (usu. a small amount of) liquid.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i wet partly or intermittently; moisten, stain, splash. \Bdabbler\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \316th c.: from Dutch \Idabbelen\i or \J\Xdab\x (1)\j\c
<hw>dabbling duck</hw> \K/"dablIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a duck that habitually feeds in shallow usu. fresh water by dabbling at or near the surface, esp. one of the tribe Anatini, including mallard, teal, etc.\Knew f. OERD, incomings Sept 94\k
<hw>dabchick</hw> \K/"dabtSIk/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i = \J\Xlittle grebe\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \316th c., in earlier forms \Idap-,\i \Idop-:\i perhaps related to the Old English source of \J\Xdip\x\j\c
<hw>dab hand</hw>\p\In.\i\p\I(usu. foll. by \Bat)\b\i a person especially skilled (in) \3(a dab hand at cooking).\c \BEtymology:\b \3\Idab\i \I(adj.)\i 17th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>da capo</hw> \K/dA: "kA:p\F'\nU/\k \Iadv.\i \IMus.\i (a direction at the end of a piece of music to repeat) from the beginning. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian\c
<hw>dace</hw> \K/deIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i same) \IZool\i any of several small freshwater fishes related to the carp, esp. Leuciscus leuciscus. \BEtymology:\b \3Old French \Idars:\i see \J\Xdart\x\j\c
<hw>dacha</hw> \K/"datS\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pa country house or cottage in Russia. \BEtymology:\b \3Russian, originally = grant (of land)\c
<hw>dachshund</hw> \K/"dakshUnd/, /-s(\F'\n)nd/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i\p\B1\b a dog of a short-legged long-bodied breed.\p\B2\b this breed. \BEtymology:\b \3German, = badger-dog\c
<hw>dacite</hw> \K/"deIsVIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeol.\i a volcanic rock similar to andesite.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Jan 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3from \IDacia,\i a Roman province in central Europe + \J\X-ite\x (1)\j\c
<hw>dacoit</hw> \K/d\F'\n"kOIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPeople\i (in India or Myanmar) a member of a band of armed robbers. \BEtymology:\b \3Hindi \Idakait\i from \Idaka\i 'gang-robbery'\c
<hw>dactyl</hw> \K/"daktIl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IProsody\i a metrical foot (`╚╚) consisting of one long (or stressed) syllable followed by two short (or unstressed). \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Latin \Idactylus\i from Greek \Idaktulos\i 'finger', the three bones corresponding to the three syllables\c
<hw>dactylic</hw> \K/dak"tIlIk/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IProsody\i \Iadj.\i of or using dactyls.\p\In.\i\p\I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i dactylic verse. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idactylicus\i from Greek \Idaktulikos\i (as \J\Xdactyl\x)\j\c
<hw>dactylic hexameter</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IProsody\i a hexameter having five dactyls and a spondee or trochee, any of the first four feet, and sometimes the fifth, being replaceable by a spondee.
<hw>dad</hw> \K/dad/\k\p\In.\i\p\Icolloq.\i father. \BEtymology:\b \3perhaps imitative of a child's \Ida,\i \Ida\i (cf. \J\Xdaddy\x)\j\c
<hw>Dada</hw> \K/"dA:dA:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IArt\i an early 20th-c. international movement in art, literature, music, and film, repudiating and mocking artistic and social conventions. \BDadaism\b \K/-d\F'\nIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\BDadaist\b \K/-d\F'\nIst/\k \In. & adj.\i \BDadaistic\b \K/-"IstIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French (the title of an early 20th-c. review) from \Idada\i 'hobby horse'\c
<hw>daddy</hw> \K/"dadi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \Icolloq.\i\p\B1\b father.\p\B2\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bof)\b\i the oldest or a supreme example \3(had a daddy of a headache).\c \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xdad\x\j + \J\X-y\x (3)\j\c
<hw>daddy-long-legs</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b a crane-fly.\p\B2\b \BUS\b a harvestman.
<hw>dado</hw> \K/"deId\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b \IArchit\i\p\B1\b the lower part of the wall of a room when visually distinct from the upper part.\p\B2\b the plinth of a column.\p\B3\b the cube of a pedestal between the base and the cornice. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian, = \J\Xdie\x (2)\j\c
<hw>daffodil</hw> \K/"daf\F'\ndIl/\k \In. & adj.\i \IBot\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a bulbous plant, Narcissus pseudonarcissus, with a yellow trumpet-shaped corona. \Bb\b any of various other large-flowered plants of the genus \INarcissus.\i\p\B2\b (in full \Bdaffodil yellow)\b a pale yellow colour. \Iadj.\i (in full \Bdaffodil yellow;\b \Ihyphenated when \Battrib.)\b\i pale yellow.\Kadj. and d. yellow new f. corpus, SOED Nov 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3earlier \Iaffodill,\i as \J\Xasphodel\x\j\c
<hw>daft</hw> \K/dA:ft/\k \Iadj.\i \Besp. Brit.\b\p\B1\b silly, foolish, crazy.\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Babout)\b\i fond of; infatuated with. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Igedµfte\i 'mild, meek', from Germanic\c
<hw>dag</hw> \K/dag/\k \In. & v.\i \BAustral.\b & \BNZ\b \IAgriculture\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i a lock of wool clotted with dung on the hinder parts of a sheep.\p\B2\b \Islang\i an eccentric or noteworthy person; a character \3(he's a bit of a dag).\c\Kdag homs 1 and 2 merged as NSOED Sep 93\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(dagged,\b \Bdagging)\b remove dags from (a sheep).\p\1rattle one's dags\c \Islang\i hurry up. \Bdagger\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3originally English dialect\c
<hw>dagga</hw> \K/"dag\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BS.Afr.\b \IBot\i\p\B1\b hemp used as a narcotic.\p\B2\b any plant of the genus \ILeonotis\i used similarly. \BEtymology:\b \3Afrikaans from Nama \Idachab\i\c
<hw>dagger</hw> \K/"dag\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a short stabbing weapon with a pointed and edged blade.\p\B2\b \IPrinting\i = \J\Xobelus\x.\j\p\1at daggers drawn\c in bitter enmity.\p\1look daggers at\c glare angrily or venomously at. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, perhaps from obsolete \Idag\i 'pierce', influenced by Old French \Idague\i 'long dagger'\c
<hw>daggerboard</hw> \K/"dag\F'\nbO:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\INaut.\i a sliding centreboard.\Knew f. SOED, corpus Oct 93\k
<hw>daggy</hw> \K/"dagi/\k \Iadj.\i \B(daggier,\b \Bdaggiest)\b \BAustral.\b & \BNZ\b \Islang\i\p\B1\b dowdy, scruffy.\p\B2\b unfashionable. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xdag\x\p\In.\i\p\j + \J\X-y\x (1)\j\c\Knew f. correspondent, B Paton, series 3 Sep 93\k
<hw>dago</hw> \K/"deIg\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os\b or \B-oes)\b \Islang\i \Ioffens.\i a foreigner, esp. a Spaniard, Portuguese, or Italian. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish \IDiego\i = James\c
<hw>daguerreotype</hw> \K/d\F'\n"gEr\F'\n(U)tVIp/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhotog\i\p\B1\b a photograph taken by an early photographic process employing an iodine-sensitized silvered plate and mercury vapour.\p\B2\b this process. \BEtymology:\b \3named after L. \IDaguerre,\i French inventor d. 1851\c
<hw>dah</hw> \K/dA:/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITelegraphy\i (in the Morse system) = \J\Xdash\x\j \I(cf.\i \J\Xdit\x).\j \BEtymology:\b \3imitative\c
<hw>dahlia</hw> \K/"deIlI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i any garden plant of the genus \IDahlia\i (daisy family), of Mexican origin, cultivated for its many-coloured single or double flowers. \BEtymology:\b \3named after A. \IDahl,\i Swedish botanist d. 1789\c
<hw>Dßil</hw> \K/dOIl/\k\p\In.\i\p(in full \BDßil ╔ireann \K/"E:r(\F'\n)n/\k)\b \IPolit\i the lower House of Parliament in the Republic of Ireland. \BEtymology:\b \3Irish, = assembly (of Ireland)\c
<hw>daily</hw> \K/"deIli/\k \Iadj., adv., & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b done, produced, or occurring every day or every weekday.\p\B2\b constant, regular. \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b every day; from day to day.\p\B2\b constantly.\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \Icolloq.\i\p\B1\b \IJournalism\i a daily newspaper.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b a charwoman or domestic help working daily. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from \J\Xday\x\j + \J\X-ly\x (1),\j \J\X-ly\x (2)\j\c
<hw>daily bread</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IEcon\i necessary food; a livelihood.
<hw>daily dozen</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ISport\i \Icolloq.\i regular exercises, esp. on rising.
<hw>dainty</hw> \K/"deInti/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i \B(daintier,\b \Bdaintiest)\b\p\B1\b delicately pretty.\p\B2\b delicate of build or in movement.\p\B3\b (of food) choice.\p\B4\b fastidious; having delicate taste and sensibility.\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b a choice morsel; a delicacy. \Bdaintily\b \Iadv.\i \Bdaintiness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Anglo-French \IdaintΘ,\i Old French \IdaintiΘ,\i \IdeintiΘ\i from Latin \Idignitas -tatis,\i from \Idignus\i 'worthy'\c
<hw>daiquiri</hw> \K/"dVIkIri/, /"dak-/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bdaiquiris)\b \IDrink\i a cocktail of rum, lime juice, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3\IDaiquiri,\i a rum-producing district in Cuba\c
<hw>dairy</hw> \K/"dE:ri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IAgriculture\i\p\B1\b a building or room for the storage, processing, and distribution of milk and its products.\p\B2\b a shop where milk and milk products are sold.\p\B3\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i \Ba\b of, containing, or concerning milk and its products (and sometimes eggs). \Bb\b used for dairy products \3(dairy cow).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English \Ideierie\i from \Ideie\i 'maidservant', from Old English \Idµge\i 'kneader of dough'\c
<hw>dairying</hw> \K/"dE:rIIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAgriculture\i the business of producing, storing, and distributing milk and its products.
<hw>dairymaid</hw> \K/"dE:rImeId/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAgriculture\i a woman employed in a dairy.
<hw>dairyman</hw> \K/"dE:rIm\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-men)\b \IAgriculture\i\p\B1\b \ICommerce\i a man dealing in dairy products.\p\B2\b a man employed in a dairy.
<hw>dais</hw> \K/"deIIs/, /deIs/\k\p\In.\i\pa low platform, usu. at the upper end of a hall and used to support a table, lectern, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ideis\i from Latin \Idiscus\i 'disc, dish', in medieval Latin = table\c
<hw>daisy</hw> \K/"deIzi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IBot\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a small plant, Bellis perennis (family Compositae), bearing flowers each with a yellow disc and white rays. \Bb\b any other plant of this family with daisy-like flowers \3(ox-eye daisy;\c \2Michaelmas daisy;\c \2Shasta daisy).\c\p\B2\b \Islang\i a first-rate specimen of anything.\p\1pushing up the daisies\c \Islang\i dead and buried. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Idµges eage\i 'day's eye', the flower opening in the morning\c
<hw>daisy chain</hw>\p\In.\i\pa string of daisies threaded together.
<hw>daisy-cutter</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICricket\i a ball bowled so as to roll along the ground.
<hw>daisy wheel</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IComputing\i a disc of spokes extending radially from a central hub, each terminating in a printing character, used as a printer in word processors and typewriters.
<hw>Dak.</hw> \Iabbr.\i Dakota.
<hw>dal</hw> \IFood\i \Ivar. of\i \J\Xdhal\x.\j
<hw>Dalai Lama</hw> \K/dalVI "lA:m\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig Polit\i the spiritual head of Tibetan Buddhism, formerly also the chief ruler of Tibet (see \J\Xlama\x).\j \BEtymology:\b \3Mongolian \Idalai\i 'ocean'; see \J\Xlama\x\j\c
<hw>dalasi</hw> \K/dA:"lA:si:/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i same or \Bdalasis)\b \ICurrency\i the chief monetary unit of the Gambia.\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED Mar 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3name of an earlier local coin\c
<hw>dale</hw> \K/deIl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeog\i a valley, esp. in northern England. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Idµl,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>dalesman</hw> \K/"deIlzm\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-men)\b an inhabitant of the dales in northern England.
<hw>dalliance</hw> \K/"dalI\F'\nns/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a leisurely or frivolous passing of time.\p\B2\b an instance of light-hearted flirting; a casual love affair.\Ksense 2 new f. OERD, corpus, incomings Jun 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xdally\x\j + \J\X-ance\x\j\c
<hw>dally</hw> \K/"dali/\k \Iv.intr.\i \B(-ies,\b \B-ied)\b\p\B1\b delay; waste time, esp. frivolously.\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i play about; flirt, treat frivolously \3(dallied with her affections).\c\p\Bdally away\b waste or fritter (one's time, life, etc.). \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Idalier\i 'chat'\c
<hw>Dalmatian</hw> \K/dal"meIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i\p\B1\b a dog of a large white short-haired breed with dark spots.\p\B2\b this breed. \BEtymology:\b \3\IDalmatia,\i a region in Croatia\c
<hw>dalmatic</hw> \K/dal"matIk/\k\p\In.\i\p\IEccl Clothing\i a wide-sleeved long loose vestment open at the sides, worn by deacons and bishops, and by a monarch at his or her coronation. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Idalmatique\i or Late Latin \Idalmatica\i \I(vestis)\i '(robe) of Dalmatia'\c
<hw>dal segno</hw> \K/dal "seInj\F'\nU/\k \Iadv.\i \IMus.\i (a direction in a piece of music to repeat) from the point marked by a sign. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian, = from the sign\c
<hw>dalton</hw> \K/"dO:lt(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i = \J\Xatomic mass unit\x.\j\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Jan 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3named after J. \IDalton\i (see \J\Xdaltonism\x)\j\c
<hw>daltonism</hw> \K/"dO:lt(\F'\n)nIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i colour-blindness, esp. a congenital inability to distinguish between red and green. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Idaltonisme\i from the name of J. \IDalton,\i English chemist (d. 1844) who suffered from it\c
<hw>dam (1)</hw> \K/dam/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IEngin\i a barrier constructed to hold back water and raise its level, forming a reservoir or preventing flooding.\p\B2\b \IZool\i a barrier constructed in a stream by a beaver.\p\B3\b anything functioning as a dam does.\p\B4\b \BBrit.\b a causeway. \Iv.tr.\i \B(dammed,\b \Bdamming)\b\p\B1\b provide or confine with a dam.\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Bup)\b\i block up; hold back; obstruct. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Middle Low German, Middle Dutch\c
<hw>dam (2)</hw> \K/dam/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i the female parent of an animal, esp. a mammal. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English: variant of \J\Xdame\x\j\c
<hw>damage</hw> \K/"damIdZ/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b harm or injury impairing the value or usefulness of something, or the health or normal function of a person.\p\B2\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \ILaw\i a sum of money claimed or awarded in compensation for a loss or an injury.\p\B3\b the loss of what is desirable.\p\B4\b \I(prec. by \Bthe)\b\i \Islang\i cost \3(what's the damage?).\c \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b inflict damage on.\p\B2\b (esp. as \Bdamaging\b \Iadj.)\i detract from the reputation of \3(a most damaging admission).\c \Bdamagingly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Idamage\i \I(n.),\i \Idamagier\i \I(v.),\i from \Idam(me)\i 'loss', from Latin \Idamnum\i 'loss, damage'\c
<hw>damascene</hw> \K/"dam\F'\nsi:n/, /dam\F'\n"si:n/\k \Iv., n., & adj.\i \IArt\i \Iv.tr.\i decorate (metal, esp. iron or steel) by etching or inlaying esp. with gold or silver, or with a watered pattern produced in welding.\p\In.\i\pa design or article produced in this way. \Iadj.\i of, relating to, or produced by this process. \BEtymology:\b \3\IDamascene\i 'of Damascus', via Latin \IDamascenus\i from Greek \IDamaskenos\i\c
<hw>damask</hw> \K/"dam\F'\nsk/\k \In., adj., & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\ITextiles\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a figured woven fabric (esp. silk or linen) with a pattern visible on both sides. \Bb\b twilled table linen with woven designs shown by the reflection of light.\p\B2\b a tablecloth made of this material.\p\B3\b \Ihist.\i steel with a watered pattern produced in welding. \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b made of or resembling damask.\p\B2\b coloured like a damask rose, velvety pink or vivid red. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b weave with figured designs.\p\B2\b = \J\Xdamascene\x\p\Iv.\i\p\j\p\B3\b ornament. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, ultimately from Latin \IDamascus\i\c
<hw>damask rose</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i an old sweet-scented variety of rose, with very soft velvety petals, used to make attar.
<hw>dame</hw> \K/deIm/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \B(Dame)\b \Ba\b (in the UK) the title given to a woman with the rank of Knight Commander or holder of the Grand Cross in the Orders of Chivalry. \Bb\b a woman holding this title.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b \ITheatr\i a comic middle-aged female character in modern pantomime, usu. played by a man.\p\B3\b \Iarchaic\i a mature woman.\p\B4\b \BN. Amer.\b \Islang\i a woman. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Idomina\i 'mistress'\c
<hw>dame school</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IEducation\i \Ihist.\i a primary school of a kind kept by elderly women.
<hw>dammar</hw> \K/"dam\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b an E. Asian or Australasian tree, esp. of the genus \IAgathis\i or \IShorea,\i yielding a resin used in varnish-making.\p\B2\b this resin. \BEtymology:\b \3Malay \Idamar\i\c
<hw>dammit</hw> \K/"damIt/\k \Iint.\i damn it.
<hw>damn</hw> \K/dam/\k \Iv., n., adj., & adv.\i \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \I(often \Babsol.\b or as \Bint.\b of anger or annoyance, = \Imay God damn)\i\i curse (a person or thing).\p\B2\b doom to hell; cause the damnation of.\p\B3\b condemn, censure \3(a review damning the performance).\c\p\B4\b \Ba\b (often as \Bdamning\b \Iadj.)\i (of a circumstance, piece of evidence, etc.) show or prove to be guilty; bring condemnation upon \3(evidence against them was damning).\c \Bb\b be the ruin of.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an uttered curse.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i a negligible amount \3(not worth a damn).\c \Iadj. & adv.\i \Icolloq.\i = \J\Xdamned\x.\j\p\1damn all\c \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i nothing at all.\Kwas hwd Sep 93\k\p\1damn well\c \Icolloq.\i (as an emphatic) simply \3(damn well do as I say).\c\Kwas hwd Sep 93\k\p\1damn with faint praise\c commend so unenthusiastically as to imply disapproval.\p\1I'm (or I'll be) damned if\c \Icolloq.\i I certainly do not, will not, etc.\p\1not give a damn\c \Isee\i \J\Xgive\x.\j\p\1well I'm (or I'll be) damned\c \Icolloq.\i exclamation of surprise, dismay, etc. \Bdamningly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Idamner\i from Latin \Idamnare\i 'inflict loss on', from \Idamnum\i 'loss'\c
<hw>damnable</hw> \K/"damn\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i hateful, annoying. \Bdamnably\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French (as \J\Xdamn\x)\j\c
<hw>damnation</hw> \K/dam"neIS(\F'\n)n/\k \In. & int.\i\p\In.\i\pcondemnation to eternal punishment, esp. in hell. \Iint.\i expressing anger or annoyance. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French (as \J\Xdamn\x)\j\c
<hw>damnatory</hw> \K/"damn\F'\nt(\F'\n)ri/\k \Iadj.\i conveying or causing censure or damnation. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idamnatorius\i (as \J\Xdamn\x)\j\c
<hw>damnify</hw> \K/"damnIfVI/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(-ies,\b \B-ied)\b \ILaw\i cause injury to. \Bdamnification\b \K/-fI"keIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old French \Idamnifier\i etc. from Late Latin \Idamnificare\i 'injure' (as \J\Xdamn\x)\j\c
<hw>damp</hw> \K/damp/\k \Iadj., n., & v.\i \Iadj.\i slightly wet; moist.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b diffused moisture in the air, on a surface, or in a solid, esp. as a cause of inconvenience or danger.\p\B2\b dejection; discouragement.\p\B3\b \IMining\i = \J\Xfiredamp\x.\j \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b make damp; moisten.\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Bdown)\b\i \Ba\b take the force or vigour out of \3(damp one's enthusiasm).\c \Bb\b make flaccid or spiritless. \Bc\b make (a fire) burn less strongly by reducing the flow of air to it.\p\B3\b \IMus\i reduce or stop the vibration of (esp. the strings of a musical instrument).\p\B4\b quieten.\p\Bdamp off\b \IBot\i (of a plant) die from a fungus attack in damp conditions. \Bdampish\b \Iadj.\i\K-ish new f. corpus Sep 93\k \Bdamply\b \Iadv.\i \Bdampness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Middle Low German, = vapour etc., Old High German \Idampf\i 'steam', from West Germanic\c
<hw>damp course</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBuilding\i a layer of waterproof material in the wall of a building near the ground, to prevent rising damp.
<hw>dampen</hw> \K/"damp(\F'\n)n/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr. & intr.\i make or become damp.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i make less forceful or vigorous; stifle, choke. \Bdampener\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>damper</hw> \K/"damp\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person or thing that discourages, or tempers enthusiasm.\p\B2\b \IMech\i a device that reduces shock or noise.\p\B3\b a metal plate in a flue to control the draught, and so the rate of combustion.\p\B4\b \IMus.\i a pad silencing a piano string except when removed by means of a pedal or by the note's being struck.\p\B5\b \Besp. Austral.\b & \BNZ\b \ICookery\i an unleavened loaf or cake of flour and water baked in wood ashes.\p\1put a damper on\c take the vigour or enjoyment out of.
<hw>damp-proof</hw> \Iadj. & v.\i \Iadj.\i impervious to damp. \Iv.tr.\i make damp-proof.\Knew f. SOED, corpus Oct 94\k
<hw>damp squib</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b an unsuccessful attempt to impress etc.
<hw>damsel</hw> \K/"damz(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\Iarchaic\i or \Iliterary\i a young unmarried woman. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Idam(e)isele,\i ultimately from Latin \Idomina\i 'mistress'\c
<hw>damselfish</hw> \K/"damz(\F'\n)lfIS/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i usu. same) \IZool\i a small brightly coloured tropical marine fish of the family Pomacentridae, esp. Chromis chromis, found in or near coral reefs.
<hw>damselfly</hw> \K/"damz(\F'\n)lflVI/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-flies)\b \IZool\i an insect of the order Odonata, like a slender dragonfly but with its wings folded over the body when resting.
<hw>damson</hw> \K/"damz(\F'\n)n/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBot\i \Ba\b a small dark purple plumlike fruit. \Bb\b (also \Bdamson tree)\b the small deciduous tree, Prunus institia, bearing this.\p\B2\b a dark purple colour. \Iadj.\i damson-coloured. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English \Idamacene,\i \I-scene,\i \I-sene\i from Latin \Idamascenum\i \I(prunum)\i '(plum) of \IDamascus\i': see \J\Xdamascene\x\j\c
<hw>damson cheese</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IFood\i a solid preserve of damsons and sugar.
<hw>Dan.</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IBibl\i Daniel (Old Testament).
<hw>dan (1)</hw> \K/dan/\k\p\In.\i\p\IJudo Sport\i\p\B1\b any of ten degrees of advanced proficiency in judo or karate.\p\B2\b a person who has achieved any of these. \BEtymology:\b \3Japanese\c
<hw>dan (2)</hw> \K/dan/\k\p\In.\i\p(in full \Bdan buoy)\b \INaut\i a small buoy used as a marker in deep-sea fishing, or to mark the limits of an area cleared by minesweepers. \BEtymology:\b \317th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>dance</hw> \K/dA:ns/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \IDancing\i move about rhythmically alone or with a partner or in a set, usu. in fixed steps or sequences to music, for pleasure or as entertainment.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i move in a lively way; skip or jump about.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b perform (a specified dance or form of dancing). \Bb\b perform (a specified role) in a ballet etc.\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i move up and down (on water, in the field of vision, etc.).\p\B5\b \Itr.\i move (esp. a child) up and down; dandle.\p\In.\i\p\IDancing\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a piece of dancing; a sequence of steps in dancing. \Bb\b a special form of this.\p\B2\b a single round or turn of a dance.\p\B3\b a social gathering for dancing, a ball.\p\B4\b \IMus\i a piece of music for dancing to or in a dance rhythm.\p\B5\b a dancing or lively motion.\p\1dance attendance on\c follow or wait on (a person) obsequiously.\p\1dance to a person's tune\c accede obsequiously to a person's demands and wishes.\p\1lead a person a dance\c (or \Bmerry dance)\b \BBrit.\b cause a person much trouble in following a course one has instigated. \Bdanceable\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Idance,\i \Idanse\i \I(n.),\i \Idancer,\i \Idanser\i \I(v.),\i from Romanic, of unknown origin\c
<hw>dance band</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMus Dancing\i a band that plays music for dancing to.\Knew f. SOED, corpus Sep 93\k
<hw>dance floor</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IDancing\i a usu. uncarpeted area of floor reserved for dancing.\Knew f. SOED, corpus Sep 93\k
<hw>dance hall</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IDancing\i a public hall for dancing.
<hw>dance of death</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IDancing\i a medieval allegorical representation in which a personified Death leads all to the grave.
<hw>dancer</hw> \K/"dA:ns\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person who performs a dance.\p\B2\b \IDancing\i a person whose profession is dancing.
<hw>dancing girl</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IDancing\i a female professional dancer, esp. a member of a group.\Knew f. SOED, corpus Oct 93\k
<hw>d. and c.</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i dilatation (of the cervix) and curettage (of the uterus), performed after a miscarriage or for the removal of cysts, tumours, etc.
<hw>dandelion</hw> \K/"dandIlVI\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a plant of the genus \ITaraxacum\i (daisy family), esp. the common T. officinale, with jagged leaves and a large bright yellow flower on a hollow stalk, followed by a globular head of seeds with downy tufts. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ident-de-lion,\i translation of medieval Latin \Idens leonis\i 'lion's tooth' (from the shape of the leaves)\c
<hw>dandelion clock</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i the downy seed-head of a dandelion.
<hw>dandelion coffee</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IFood Drink\i dried and powdered dandelion roots; a drink made from this.
<hw>dandify</hw> \K/"dandIfVI/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(-ies,\b \B-ied)\b (usu. as \Bdandified\b \Iadj.)\i cause to resemble a dandy in stylish appearance.
<hw>dandle</hw> \K/"dand(\F'\n)l/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b dance (a child) on one's knees or in one's arms.\p\B2\b pamper, pet. \BEtymology:\b \316th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>dandruff</hw> \K/"dandrVf/\k\p\In.\i\pdead skin in small scales among the hair. \BEtymology:\b \316th c.: \I-ruff\i perhaps related to Middle English \Irove\i 'scurfiness', from Old Norse \Ihrufa\i or Middle Low German, Middle Dutch \Irove\i\c
<hw>dandy</hw> \K/"dandi/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b a man unduly devoted to style, smartness, and fashion in dress and appearance.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i an excellent thing. \Iadj.\i \B(dandier,\b \Bdandiest)\b \Besp. N. Amer.\b \Icolloq.\i very good of its kind; splendid, first-rate. \Bdandyish\b \Iadj.\i \Bdandyism\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \318th c.: perhaps an abbreviation of \IJack-a-dandy:\i \Idandy\i may be a pet form of \IAndrew\i\c
<hw>dandy brush</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IRiding\i a brush for grooming a horse.
<hw>dandy roll</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bdandy roller)\b \IPapermaking\i a device for solidifying, and impressing a watermark in, paper during manufacture.
<hw>Dane</hw> \K/deIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPeople\i a native or national of Denmark.\p\B2\b \Ihist.\i a Viking invader of England in the 9th-11th c. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old Norse \IDanir\i (pl.), Late Latin \IDani\i\c
<hw>Danegeld</hw> \K/"deIngEld/\k\p\In.\i\p\Ihist.\i\p\B1\b (in pre-Conquest England) an annual tax to raise funds for protection against Danish invaders.\p\B2\b appeasement by bribery. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English (as \J\XDane\x\j + Old Norse \Igjald\i 'payment')\c
<hw>Danelaw</hw> \K/"deInlO:/\k\p\In.\i\p\Ihist.\i the part of N. & E. England occupied or administered by Danes in the 9th-11th c. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \IDena lagu\i 'Danes' law'\c
<hw>danger</hw> \K/"deIn(d)Z\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b liability or exposure to harm; an unwelcome possibility.\p\B2\b a thing that causes or is likely to cause harm.\p\B3\b \BBrit.\b \IRailways\i the status of a railway signal directing a halt or caution.\p\1in danger of\c likely to incur or to suffer from. \BEtymology:\b \3earlier in the sense 'jurisdiction, power': Middle English from Old French \Idangier,\i ultimately from Latin \Idominus\i 'lord'\c
<hw>danger list</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IMed\i a list of those dangerously ill, esp. in a hospital.
<hw>danger man</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ISport\i a man perceived as posing a particular threat, esp. an outstanding sportsman.\Knew f. SOED, corpus Sep 93\k
<hw>danger money</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IEcon\i extra payment for dangerous work.
<hw>dangerous</hw> \K/"deIn(d)Z(\F'\n)r\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i involving or causing danger. \Bdangerously\b \Iadv.\i \Bdangerousness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Anglo-French \Idangerous,\i \Idaungerous,\i Old French \Idangereus\i (as \J\Xdanger\x)\j\c
<hw>dangle</hw> \K/"daNg(\F'\n)l/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i be loosely suspended, so as to be able to sway to and fro.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i hold or carry loosely suspended.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i hold out (a hope, temptation, etc.) enticingly.\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i \IGram.\i (as \Bdangling\b \Iadj.)\i (of a participle in an absolute clause or phrase) with the subject omitted, e.g. of \Ihaving\i in \Ihaving said that, the problem can be solved.\i\Ksense 4 new f. NEWS Sep 93\k \Bdangler\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdangly\b \Iadj.\i\K-ly new f. corpus Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \316th c. (imitative): cf. Swedish \Idangla,\i Danish \Idangle\i\c
<hw>Daniell cell</hw> \K/"danj(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i & \IChem.\i a primary voltaic cell with a copper anode and a zinc-amalgam cathode giving a standard electromotive force when either copper sulphate or sulphuric acid is used as the electrolyte. \BEtymology:\b \3named after John \IDaniell,\i British chemist (d. 1845), its inventor\c
<hw>Danish</hw> \K/"deInIS/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IPeople Language\i \Iadj.\i of or relating to Denmark or the Danes.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the Danish language.\p\B2\b \I(prec. by \Bthe;\b\i \Itreated as \Bpl.)\b\i the Danish people.\p\B3\b \IFood\i \Icolloq.\i = \J\XDanish pastry\x.\j\Ksense 3 new in COD9 f. NSOED Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Anglo-French \Idanes,\i Old French \Idaneis\i from medieval Latin \IDanensis\i (as \J\XDane\x)\j\c
<hw>Danish blue</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IFood\i a soft salty white cheese with blue veins.
<hw>Danish pastry</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IFood\i a cake of sweetened yeast pastry topped with icing, fruit, nuts, etc.
<hw>dank</hw> \K/daNk/\k \Iadj.\i disagreeably damp and cold. \Bdankly\b \Iadv.\i \Bdankness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English probably from Scandinavian: cf. Swedish \Idank\i 'marshy spot'\c
\B\Idanse macabre\b\i \K/dA:ns m\F'\n"kA:br(\F'\n)/, French /dA~s makabr/\k\p\In.\i\p\IDancing\i = \J\Xdance of death\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3French (as \J\Xdance\x,\j \J\Xmacabre\x)\j\c
<hw>Dantean</hw> \K/"dantI\F'\nn/, /dan"ti:\F'\nn/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of Dante.\p\B2\b in the style of or reminiscent of Dante's writings.\p\In.\i\pa student or imitator of Dante. \BDantesque\b \K/-"tEsk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3\IDante\i Alighieri, Italian poet d. 1321\c
<hw>danthonia</hw> \K/dan"T\F'\nUnI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BAustral.\b & \BNZ\b \IBot\i any tufted pasture grass of the genus \IDanthonia.\i \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin: named after E. \IDanthoine\i 19th-c. French botanist\c
<hw>dap</hw> \K/dap/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B(dapped,\b \Bdapping)\b\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \IFishing\i fish by letting the bait bob on the water.\p\B2\b \Itr. & intr.\i dip lightly.\p\B3\b \Itr. & intr.\i bounce on the ground. \BEtymology:\b \3cf. \J\Xdab\x (1)\j\c
<hw>daphne</hw> \K/"dafni/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i any flowering shrub of the genus \IDaphne,\i e.g. the spurge laurel or mezereon. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, = laurel, from Greek \Idaphne,\i \IDaphne,\i the name of a nymph in Greek mythology who escaped Apollo's advances by being changed into a laurel\c
<hw>daphnia</hw> \K/"dafnI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a minute freshwater crustacean of the genus \IDaphnia,\i enclosed in a transparent carapace and with long antennae and prominent eyes. \IAlso called\i \Iwater flea.\i \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from \IDaphne:\i see \J\Xdaphne\x\j\c
<hw>dapper</hw> \K/"dap\F'\n/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b neat and precise, esp. in dress or movement.\p\B2\b sprightly. \Bdapperly\b \Iadv.\i \Bdapperness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Middle Low German, Middle Dutch \Idapper\i 'strong, stout'\c
<hw>dapple</hw> \K/"dap(\F'\n)l/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i mark with spots or rounded patches of colour or shade.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i become marked in this way.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a dappled effect.\p\B2\b \IZool\i a dappled animal, esp. a horse. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English \Idappled,\i \Idappeld,\i \I(adj.),\i of unknown origin\c
<hw>dapple grey</hw> \Iadj. & n.\i \IZool\i \Iadj.\i \I(hyphenated when \Battrib.)\b\i (of an animal's coat) grey or white with darker spots.\p\In.\i\pa dapple-grey horse.
<hw>dapsone</hw> \K/"daps\F'\nUn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPharm.\i a bacteriostatic sulphur compound used esp. to treat leprosy.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Jan 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3chemical name \Id\ii(para-\Ia\imino\Ip\ihenyl) \Is\iulph\Ione\i\c
<hw>darbies</hw> \K/"dA:bIz/\k \In.pl.\i \BBrit.\b \ICriminol\i \Islang\i handcuffs. \BEtymology:\b \3allusive use of \IFather Darby's bands,\i some rigid form of agreement for debtors (16th c.)\c
<hw>Darby and Joan</hw> \K/%dA:bI (\F'\n)n "dZ\F'\nUn/\k\p\In.\i\p\Besp. Brit.\b a devoted old married couple. \BEtymology:\b \318th c.: perhaps from a poem of 1735 in the \IGentleman's Magazine\i\c
<hw>Darby and Joan club</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b a club for people over 60.
<hw>dare</hw> \K/dE:/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.tr.\i \I(3rd sing. present\i usu. \Bdare\b before an expressed or implied infinitive without \Ito;\i \Ipast\i \Bdared\b or \Iarchaic\i or \Idial.\i \Bdurst\b \K/d\F'\n:st/\k)\p\B1\b \I(foll. by infin. with or without \Bto)\b\i venture (to); have the courage or impudence (to) \3(dare he do it?;\c \2if they dare to come;\c \2how dare you?;\c \2I dare not speak;\c \2I do not dare to jump).\c\p\B2\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bto\b + infin.)\i defy or challenge (a person) \3(I dare you to own up).\c\p\B3\b \Iliterary\i attempt; take the risk of \3(dare all things;\c \2dared their anger).\c\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an act of daring.\p\B2\b a challenge, esp. to prove courage.\p\1I dare say\c\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bthat\b + clause)\i it is probable.\p\B2\b probably; I grant that much \3(I dare say, but you are still wrong).\c \Bdarer\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Idurran,\i with Germanic cognates: cf. Sanskrit \Idhrsh,\i Greek \Itharseo\i 'be bold'\c
<hw>darg</hw> \K/dA:g/\k\p\In.\i\p\BSc.,\b \BN.Engl.,\b & \BAustral.\b\p\B1\b a day's work.\p\B2\b a definite amount of work; a task. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from \Idaywerk\i or \Idaywark\i 'daywork'\c
<hw>daring</hw> \K/"dE:rIN/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\padventurous courage. \Iadj.\i adventurous, bold; prepared to take risks. \Bdaringly\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>dariole</hw> \K/"darI\F'\nUl/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i a savoury or sweet dish cooked and served in a small mould usu. shaped like a flowerpot. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French\c
<hw>Darjeeling</hw> \K/dA:"dZi:lIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\IDrink\i a high-quality tea from Darjeeling in NE India.
<hw>dark</hw> \K/dA:k/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b with little or no light.\p\B2\b of a deep or sombre colour.\p\B3\b (of a person) with deep brown or black hair, complexion, or skin.\p\B4\b gloomy, depressing, dismal \3(dark thoughts).\c\p\B5\b evil, sinister \3(dark deeds).\c\p\B6\b sullen, angry \3(a dark mood).\c\p\B7\b remote, secret, mysterious, little known \3(the dark and distant past;\c \2keep it dark).\c\p\B8\b ignorant, unenlightened \3(dark ages).\c\p\In.\i\p\B1\b absence of light.\p\B2\b nightfall \3(don't go out after dark).\c\p\B3\b a lack of knowledge.\p\B4\b a dark area or colour, esp. in painting \3(the skilled use of lights and darks).\c\p\1in the dark\c\p\B1\b with little or no light.\Knew sense Sep 93\k\p\B2\b lacking information. \Bdarkish\b \Iadj.\i \Bdarkly\b \Iadv.\i \Bdarkness\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdarksome\b \Iadj.\i \Ipoet.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ideorc,\i probably from Germanic\c
<hw>Dark Ages</hw> \In.pl.\i (also \BDark Age)\b \I(prec. by \Bthe)\b\i\p\B1\b the period of European history preceding the Middle Ages, esp. the 5th-10th c.\p\B2\b \B(often dark ages)\b any period of supposed unenlightenment.
<hw>Dark Continent</hw>\p\In.\i\p\I(prec. by \Bthe)\b\i a name for Africa, esp. when little known to Europeans.
<hw>darken</hw> \K/"dA:k(\F'\n)n/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i make dark or darker.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i become dark or darker.\p\1never darken a person's door\c keep away permanently. \Bdarkener\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>dark glasses</hw> \In.pl.\i \IOptics\i spectacles with dark-tinted lenses; sunglasses.
<hw>dark horse</hw>\p\In.\i\pa little-known person who unexpectedly becomes successful or prominent.
<hw>darkie</hw> \K/"dA:ki/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bdarky)\b \I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IPeople\i \Islang\i \Ioffens.\i a black person.
<hw>darkling</hw> \K/"dA:klIN/\k \Iadj. & adv.\i \Ipoet.\i in the dark; in the night.
<hw>dark matter</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAstron.\i hypothetical non-luminous material in space, not detected, but predicted by many cosmological theories.\Knew. f. NSOED, Coll. Jan 94\k
<hw>darkroom</hw> \K/"dA:kru:m/, /-rUm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhotog\i a room for photographic work, with normal light excluded.
<hw>dark star</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAstron\i a starlike object which emits little or no visibile light but is known to exist from other evidence (e.g. by its eclipsing of other stars).
<hw>darky</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xdarkie\x.\j
<hw>darling</hw> \K/"dA:lIN/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a beloved or lovable person or thing.\p\B2\b a favourite.\p\B3\b \Icolloq.\i a pretty or endearing person or thing. \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b beloved, lovable.\p\B2\b favourite.\p\B3\b \Icolloq.\i charming or pretty. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ideorling\i (as \J\Xdear\x,\j \J\X-ling\x (1))\j\c
<hw>darn (1)</hw> \K/dA:n/\k \Iv. & n.\i \INeedlework\i \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b mend (esp. knitted material, or a hole in it) by interweaving yarn across the hole with a needle.\p\B2\b embroider with a large running stitch.\p\In.\i\pa darned area in material. \BEtymology:\b \317th c.: perhaps from obsolete \Idern\i 'hide'\c
<hw>darn (2)</hw> \K/dA:n/\k \Iv.tr., int., adj., & adv.\i \B(US\b also \Bdurn\b \K/d\F'\n:n/\k) \Icolloq.\i = \J\Xdamn\x\j (in imprecatory senses). \BEtymology:\b \3corruption of \J\Xdamn\x\j\c
<hw>darnel</hw> \K/"dA:n(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i any of several grasses of the genus \ILolium,\i esp. L. temulentum, a weed of cereal crops esp. in Mediterranean countries. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English: cf. Walloon \Idarnelle\i\c
<hw>darner</hw> \K/"dA:n\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\INeedlework\i a person or thing that darns, esp. a darning needle.
<hw>darning</hw> \K/"dA:nIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\INeedlework\i\p\B1\b the action of a person who darns.\p\B2\b things to be darned.
<hw>darning needle</hw>\p\In.\i\pa long needle with a large eye, used in darning.\KUS sense 2 dragonfly omitted as in limited regional use, F. Abate, AHD, Nov 94\k
<hw>dart</hw> \K/dA:t/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IDarts\i a small pointed missile thrown or fired as a weapon.\p\B2\b \Ba\b a small pointed missile with a feather or plastic flight, used in the game of darts.\Ksense 2a new f. NSOED, OERD Jun 94\k \Bb\b \I(in \Bpl.;\b\i \Iusu. treated as \Bsing.)\b\i \ISport Darts\i an indoor game in which such darts are thrown at a circular target to score points.\p\B3\b a sudden rapid movement.\p\B4\b \IZool.\i \IAnat\i a dartlike structure, such as an insect's sting or the calcareous projections of a snail (used during copulation).\p\B5\b \INeedlework\i a tapering tuck stitched in a garment.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bout,\b \Bin,\b \Bpast,\b etc.)\i move or go suddenly or rapidly \3(darted into the shop).\c\p\B2\b \Itr.\i throw (a missile).\p\B3\b \Itr.\i direct suddenly (a glance etc.). \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Idarz,\i \Idars\i from Frankish\c
<hw>dartboard</hw> \K/"dA:tbO:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISport Darts\i a circular board marked with numbered segments, used as a target in darts.
<hw>darter</hw> \K/"dA:t\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i\p\B1\b a fish-eating diving bird of the genus \IAnhinga,\i with a long thin neck.\p\B2\b any of various small quick-moving freshwater fish of the family Percidae, native to N. America.
<hw>Dartmoor pony</hw> \K/"dA:tmU\F'\n/, /-mO:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i\p\B1\b a pony of a small hardy breed with a long shaggy coat in winter.\p\B2\b this breed. \BEtymology:\b \3\IDartmoor\i in SW England, where the breed originated\c
<hw>Darwinian</hw> \K/dA:"wInI\F'\nn/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i \IBiol\i of or relating to Darwin's theory of the evolution of species by the action of natural selection \I(cf.\i \J\XNeo-Darwinian\x).\j\p\In.\i\p\IBiol\i an adherent of this theory. \BDarwinism\b \K/"dA:-/\k\p\In.\i\p\BDarwinist\b \K/"dA:-/\k \In. & adj.\i\K-ist adj. new f. OERD Oct 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3from C. \IDarwin,\i English naturalist d. 1882\c
<hw>dash</hw> \K/daS/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i rush hastily or forcefully \3(dashed up the stairs).\c\p\B2\b \Itr.\i strike or fling with great force, esp. so as to shatter \3(dashed it to the ground;\c \2the cup was dashed from my hand).\c\p\B3\b \Itr.\i frustrate, daunt, dispirit \3(dashed their hopes).\c\p\B4\b \Itr.\i \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i \B(dash it or dash it all)\b = \J\Xdamn\x\p\Iv.\i\p1.\j\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a rush or onset; a sudden advance \3(made a dash for shelter).\c\p\B2\b \IPrinting\i a horizontal stroke in writing or printing to mark a pause or break in sense or to represent omitted letters or words.\p\B3\b impetuous vigour or the capacity for this.\p\B4\b showy appearance or behaviour; stylishness.\p\B5\b \BN. Amer.\b \ISport Athletics\i a sprinting race.\p\B6\b \ITelegraphy\i the longer signal of the two used in Morse code \I(cf.\i \J\Xdot\x (1)\p\In.\i\p3).\j\p\B7\b \IDrink\i a slight admixture, esp. of a liquid.\p\B8\b \ITransport\i = \J\Xdashboard\x.\j\p\1cut a dash\c make a brilliant show.\p\Bdash down\b (or \Boff)\b write or finish hurriedly. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, probably imitative\c
<hw>dashboard</hw> \K/"daSbO:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITransport\i\p\B1\b the surface below the windscreen of a motor vehicle or aircraft, containing instruments and controls.\p\B2\b \Ihist.\i a board of wood or leather in front of a carriage, to keep out mud.
<hw>dashiki</hw> \K/"dA:SIki/\k\p\In.\i\p\IClothing\i a loose brightly coloured shirt worn by American blacks. \BEtymology:\b \3West African, probably Yoruba from Hausa\c
<hw>dashpot</hw> \K/"daSpQt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMech\i a device for damping shock or vibration.
<hw>dassie</hw> \K/"dasi/\k\p\In.\i\p\BS.Afr.\b \IZool\i\p\B1\b a rock hyrax of southern Africa, Procavia capensis; \Ialso called\i \J\Xrock rabbit\x.\j\p\B2\b a small coastal fish, Diplodus sargus, with a black spot on the tail. \BEtymology:\b \3Afrikaans from Dutch \Idasje,\i diminutive of \Idas\i 'badger'\c
<hw>dastardly</hw> \K/"dast\F'\ndli/, /"dA:-/\k \Iadj.\i cowardly, despicable. \Bdastardliness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3\Idastard\i 'base coward', probably from \Idazed\i past part. + \J\X-ard\x,\j or obsolete \Idasart\i 'dullard, \J\Xdotard\x\j'\c
<hw>dasyure</hw> \K/"dasIjU\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i any small catlike flesh-eating marsupial of the genus \IDasyurus.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French from modern Latin \Idasyurus,\i Greek \Idasus\i 'rough' + \Ioura\i 'tail'\c
<hw>DAT</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IElectronics\i digital audio tape.
<hw>data</hw> \K/"deIt\F'\n/\k \In.pl.\i \I(also treated as \Bsing.,\b although the singular form is strictly \Idatum)\i\i\p\B1\b known facts or things used as a basis for inference or reckoning.\p\B2\b \IComputing\i quantities or characters operated on by a computer etc. \BEtymology:\b \3pl. of \J\Xdatum\x\j\c (1) In scientific, philosophical, and general use, this word is usually considered to denote a number of items and is thus treated as plural with \Idatum\i as the singular. (2) In computing and allied subjects (and sometimes in general use), it is treated as a mass (or collective) noun and used with words like \Ithis,\i \Ithat,\i and \Imuch,\i with singular verbs, e.g. \Iuseful data has been collected.\i Some people consider use (2) to be incorrect but it is more common than use (1). However, \Idata\i is not a singular countable noun and cannot be preceded by \Ia,\i \Ievery,\i \Ieach,\i \Ieither,\i or \Ineither,\i or be given a plural form \Idatas.\i
<hw>data bank</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IComputing\i\p\B1\b a store or source of data.\p\B2\b = \J\Xdatabase\x.\j
<hw>database</hw> \K/"deIt\F'\nbeIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IComputing\i a structured set of data held in a computer, esp. one that is accessible in various ways.
<hw>datable</hw> \K/"deIt\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i capable of being dated (to a particular time).
<hw>data capture</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IComputing\i the action or process of entering data into a computer.
<hw>data processing</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IComputing\i a series of operations on data, esp. by a computer, to retrieve or classify etc. information. \Bdata processor\b\p\In.\i\p\Kdata processor subsumed Aug 92 aaw\k
<hw>data protection</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IComputing Law\i legal control over access to data stored in computers.
<hw>date (1)</hw> \K/deIt/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\IHorol\i\p\B1\b a day of the month, esp. specified by a number.\p\B2\b a particular day or year, esp. when a given event occurred.\p\B3\b a statement (usu. giving the day, month, and year) in a document or inscription etc., of the time of composition or publication.\p\B4\b \IArt\i the period to which a work of art etc. belongs.\p\B5\b the time when an event happens or is to happen.\p\B6\b \Icolloq.\i \Ba\b an appointment or social engagement, esp. with a person of the opposite sex. \Bb\b \Besp. N. Amer.\b a person with whom one has a social engagement.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i mark with a date.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b assign a date to (an object, event, etc.). \Bb\b \I(foll. by \Bto)\b\i assign to a particular time, period, etc.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bfrom,\b \Bback to,\b etc.)\i have its origins at a particular time.\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i be recognizable as from a past or particular period; become evidently out of date \3(a design that does not date).\c\p\B5\b \Itr.\i indicate or expose as being out of date \3(that hat really dates you).\c\p\B6\b \Icolloq.\i \Ba\b \Itr.\i make an arrangement with (a person) to meet socially. \Bb\b \Iintr.\i meet socially by agreement \3(they are now dating regularly).\c\p\1to date\c until now. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from medieval Latin \Idata,\i fem. past part. of \Idare\i 'give': from the Latin formula used in dating letters, \Idata\i \I(epistola)\i '(letter) given or delivered' (at a particular time or place)\c
<hw>date (2)</hw> \K/deIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b a dark oval single-stoned fruit.\p\B2\b (in full \Bdate palm)\b the tall tree Phoenix dactylifera, native to W. Asia and N. Africa, bearing this fruit. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Idactylus,\i from Greek \Idaktulos\i 'finger', from the shape of its leaf\c
<hw>datebook</hw> \K/"deItbUk/\k\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b an engagement diary.\Knew f. incomings, K. Barber Dec 94\k
<hw>dateless</hw> \K/"deItlIs/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b having no date.\p\B2\b of immemorial age.\p\B3\b not likely to become out of date.
<hw>date line</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \B(Date Line)\b (in full \BInternational Date Line)\b \IHorol\i an imaginary north-south line through the Pacific Ocean, mainly along the meridian furthest from Greenwich, to the east of which the date is a day earlier than it is to the west.\p\B2\b \IJournalism\i a line at the head of a dispatch or special article in a newspaper showing the date and place of writing.
<hw>date rape</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ISex\i the rape of a girl or woman by a person with whom she is on a date.\Knew f. SOED Sep 93\k
<hw>date stamp</hw> \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an adjustable rubber stamp etc. used to record a date.\p\B2\b the impression made by this. \Iv.tr.\i \B(date-stamp)\b mark with a date stamp.
<hw>dative</hw> \K/"deItIv/\k \In. & adj.\i \IGram.\i\p\In.\i\pthe case of nouns and pronouns (and words in grammatical agreement with them) indicating an indirect object or recipient. \Iadj.\i of or in the dative. \Bdatival\b \K/d\F'\n"tVIv(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\Kdatively omitted Apr 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \I(casus)\i \Idativus,\i from \Idare dat-\i 'give'\c
<hw>datum</hw> \K/"deIt\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bdata:\b \Isee\i \J\Xdata\x)\j\p\B1\b a piece of information.\p\B2\b a thing known or granted; an assumption or premiss from which inferences may be drawn (see \J\Xsense datum\x).\j\p\B3\b a fixed starting point of a scale etc. \3(datum line).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = thing given, neut. past part. of \Idare\i 'give'\c
<hw>datura</hw> \K/d\F'\n"tjU\F'\nr\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i any poisonous plant of the genus \IDatura,\i e.g. the thorn apple. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from Hindi \Idhatura\i\c
<hw>daub</hw> \K/dO:b/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b spread (paint, plaster, or some other thick substance) crudely or roughly on a surface.\p\B2\b coat or smear (a surface) with paint etc.\p\B3\b \Ba\b \I(also \Babsol.)\b\i paint crudely or unskilfully. \Bb\b lay (colours) on crudely and clumsily.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b paint or other substance daubed on a surface.\p\B2\b plaster, clay, etc., for coating a surface, esp. mixed with straw and applied to laths or wattles to form a wall.\p\B3\b a crude painting. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Idauber\i from Latin \Idealbare\i 'whitewash', from \Ialbus\i 'white'\c
<hw>daube</hw> \K/d\F'\nUb/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i a stew of braised meat (usu. beef) with wine etc. \BEtymology:\b \3French\c
<hw>dauber</hw> \K/"dO:b\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IArt\i a person or implement that daubs, esp. in painting.\KUS idiom get one's dauber down omitted as old-fashioned, F. Abate, Nov 94\k
<hw>daughter</hw> \K/"dO:t\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IGenealogy\i a girl or woman in relation to either or both of her parents.\p\B2\b a female descendant.\p\B3\b \I(foll. by \Bof)\b\i a female member of a family, nation, etc.\p\B4\b \I(foll. by \Bof)\b\i a woman who is regarded as the spiritual descendant of, or as spiritually attached to, a person or thing.\p\B5\b a product or attribute personified as a daughter in relation to its source \3(Fortune and its daughter Confidence).\c\p\B6\b \IPhysics\i a nuclide formed by the radioactive decay of another.\p\B7\b \IBiol.\i a cell etc. formed by the division etc. of another. \Bdaughterhood\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdaughterly\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Idohtor,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>daughter-in-law</hw>\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bdaughters-in-law)\b the wife of one's son.
<hw>daunt</hw> \K/dO:nt/\k \Iv.tr.\i discourage, intimidate. \Bdaunting\b \Iadj.\i \Bdauntingly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Anglo-French \Idaunter,\i Old French \Idanter,\i \Idonter\i from Latin \Idomitare,\i frequentative of \Idomare\i 'tame'\c
<hw>dauphin</hw> \K/"dO:fIn/, /"d\F'\nUfa~/\k\p\In.\i\p\Ihist.\i the eldest son of the King of France. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from French, ultimately from Latin \Idelphinus\i \J\Xdolphin\x,\j as a family name\c
<hw>Davenport</hw> \K/"dav(\F'\n)npO:t/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFurniture\i\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b an ornamental writing desk with drawers and a sloping surface for writing.\p\B2\b \BUS\b a large heavily upholstered sofa. \BEtymology:\b \3probably from Capt. \IDavenport,\i for whom early examples of this type of desk were made in the late 18th c.\c
<hw>davit</hw> \K/"davIt/, /"deIv-/\k\p\In.\i\p\INaut\i a small crane on board a ship, esp. one of a pair for suspending or lowering a lifeboat. \BEtymology:\b \3Anglo-French & Old French \Idaviot,\i diminutive of \IDavi\i 'David'\c
<hw>Davy</hw> \K/"deIvi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b (in full \BDavy lamp)\b \IMining\i a miner's safety lamp with the flame enclosed by wire gauze to reduce the risk of an explosion of gas. \BEtymology:\b \3named after Sir H. \IDavy,\i English chemist (d. 1829) who invented it\c
<hw>Davy Jones</hw> \K/deIvI "dZ\F'\nUnz/\k\p\In.\i\p\INaut\i \Islang\i\p\B1\b (in full \BDavy Jones's locker)\b the bottom of the sea, esp. regarded as the grave of those drowned at sea.\p\B2\b the evil spirit of the sea. \BEtymology:\b \318th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>daw</hw> \K/dO:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i = \J\Xjackdaw\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English: related to Old High German \Itaha\i\c
<hw>dawdle</hw> \K/"dO:d(\F'\n)l/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \Ba\b walk slowly and idly. \Bb\b delay; waste time.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \I(foll. by \Baway)\b\i waste (time).\p\In.\i\pan act or instance of dawdling. \Bdawdler\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3perhaps related to dialect \Idaddle,\i \Idoddle\i 'idle, dally'\c
<hw>dawn</hw> \K/dO:n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the first light of day; daybreak.\p\B2\b the beginning or incipient appearance of something. \Iv.intr.\i\p\B1\b (of a day) begin; grow light.\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Bon,\b \Bupon)\b\i begin to become evident or understood (by a person). \BEtymology:\b \3originally as verb: back-formation from \Idawning,\i Middle English from earlier \Idawing\i influenced by similar Scandinavian words: related to \J\Xday\x\j\c
<hw>dawn chorus</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i the singing of many birds at the break of day.
<hw>dawning</hw> \K/"dO:nIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b daybreak.\p\B2\b the first beginning of something.
<hw>dawn redwood</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a Chinese deciduous coniferous tree, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, of a genus first known only from fossils.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Jan 94\k
<hw>day</hw> \K/deI/\k\p\In.\i\p\IHorol\i\p\B1\b the time between sunrise and sunset.\p\B2\b \Ba\b a period of 24 hours as a unit of time, esp. from midnight to midnight, corresponding to a complete revolution of the earth on its axis. \Bb\b a corresponding period on other planets \3(Martian day).\c\p\B3\b daylight \3(clear as day).\c\p\B4\b the time in a day during which work is normally done \3(an eight-hour day).\c\p\B5\b \Ba\b \I(also \Bpl.)\b\i a period of the past or present \3(the modern day;\c \2the old days).\c \Bb\b \I(prec. by \Bthe)\b\i the present time \3(the issues of the day).\c\p\B6\b the lifetime of a person or thing, esp. regarded as useful or productive \3(have had my day;\c \2in my day things were different).\c\p\B7\b a point of time \3(will do it one day).\c\p\B8\b the date of a particular festival or event \3(graduation day;\c \2pay day;\c \2Christmas Day).\c\p\B9\b a particular date; a date agreed on.\p\B10\b a day's endeavour, or the period of an endeavour, esp. as bringing success \3(win the day).\c\p\1all in a (or the) day's work\c part of normal routine.\p\1at the end of the day\c \Besp. Brit.\b in the final reckoning, when all is said and done.\p\1call it a day\c end a period of activity, esp. resting content that enough has been done.\p\1day after day\c without respite.\p\1day and night\c all the time.\p\1day by day\c gradually.\p\1day in, day out\c routinely, constantly.\p\1day of rest\c the sabbath.\p\1from day one\c from the beginning.\Knew in COD9 f. WF Sep 93\k\p\1not one's day\c a day of successive misfortunes for a person.\p\1one of these days\c before very long.\p\1one of those days\c a day when things go badly.\p\1that will be the day\c \Icolloq.\i that will never happen.\p\1this day and age\c the present time or period. \Bdayless\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Idµg,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>Dayak</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\XDyak\x.\j
<hw>daybed</hw> \K/"deIbEd/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFurniture\i a bed for daytime rest.\Knew f. POD8 Sep 93\k
<hw>daybook</hw> \K/"deIbUk/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i an account book in which a day's transactions are entered, for later transfer to a ledger.
<hw>day-boy</hw>\p\In.\i\p\I(fem.\i \Bday-girl)\b \BBrit.\b \IEducation\i a boy or girl who goes daily from home to school, esp. a school that also has boarders.
<hw>daybreak</hw> \K/"deIbreIk/\k\p\In.\i\pthe first appearance of light in the morning.
<hw>day care</hw>\p\In.\i\p\I(often hyphenated when \Battrib.)\b\i \ISociol\i\p\B1\b the supervision of young children during the working day.\p\B2\b the care provided by a day centre.\Ksense 2 new f. DJT Sep 93\k
<hw>day centre</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bday care centre)\b \ISociol\i a place providing care for the elderly or handicapped during the day.
<hw>daydream</hw> \K/"deIdri:m/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\ppleasant fantasy or reverie. \Iv.intr.\i indulge in this. \Bdaydreamer\b\p\In.\i\p\Kdaydreamer subsumed Sep 93\k
<hw>Day-Glo</hw> \K/"deIgl\F'\nU/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\Ipropr.\i a make of fluorescent paint or other colouring. \Iadj.\i coloured with or like this. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xday\x\j + \J\Xglow\x\j\c
<hw>day labourer</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i an unskilled labourer hired by the day.
<hw>daylight</hw> \K/"deIlVIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the light of day.\p\B2\b dawn \3(before daylight).\c\p\B3\b \Ba\b openness, publicity. \Bb\b open knowledge.\p\B4\b a visible gap or interval, e.g. between boats in a race.\p\B5\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \Icolloq.\i one's life or consciousness (originally the internal organs) esp. as representing vulnerability to fear, attack, etc. \3(scared the daylights out of me;\c \2beat the living daylights out of them).\c\p\1see daylight\c begin to understand what was previously obscure.
<hw>daylight robbery</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i a blatantly excessive charge.
<hw>daylight saving</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IHorol\i the achieving of longer evening daylight, esp. in summer, by setting the time an hour ahead of the standard time.
<hw>daylight time</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Besp. N. Amer.\b \IHorol\i time as adjusted for daylight saving (cf. \J\Xsummer time\x).\j\Knew f. JHM, after K Barber Jun 94\k
<hw>day lily</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i any plant of the genus \IHemerocallis,\i whose flowers last only a day.
<hw>day-long</hw> \Iadj.\i lasting for a day.
<hw>day nursery</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ISociol\i a nursery where children are looked after during the working day.
<hw>Day of Atonement</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i the most solemn religious fast of the Jewish year, ten days after the Jewish New Year.
<hw>day off</hw>\p\In.\i\pa day's holiday from work.
<hw>Day of Judgement</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i = \J\XJudgement Day\x.\j
<hw>day of obligation</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IEccl.\i a day on which all are required to attend Mass or Communion.
<hw>day of reckoning</hw>\p\In.\i\pthe time when something must be atoned for or avenged.
<hw>day out</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b a trip or excursion for a day.
<hw>day owl</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i any owl hunting by day esp. the short-eared owl.
<hw>daypack</hw> \K/"deIpak/\k\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b = \J\Xdaysack\x.\j\Knew f. incomings Nov 94\k
<hw>day release</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IEducation Commerce\i a system of allowing employees days off work for education.
<hw>day return</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ITransport\i a fare or ticket at a reduced rate for a journey out and back in one day.
<hw>day room</hw>\p\In.\i\pa room, esp. a communal room in an institution, used during the day.
<hw>daysack</hw> \K/"deIsak/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IMountaineering\i a small rucksack for use on one-day hikes.\Knew f. corpus Oct 93\k
<hw>day school</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IEducation\i a school for pupils living at home.
<hw>dayside</hw> \K/"deIsVId/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \BUS\b \IJournalism\i staff, esp. of a newspaper, who work during the day.\p\B2\b \IAstron.\i the side of a planet that faces the sun.
<hw>daytime</hw> \K/"deItVIm/\k\p\In.\i\pthe part of the day when there is natural light.
<hw>day-to-day</hw> \Iadj.\i mundane, routine.
<hw>day trip</hw>\p\In.\i\pa trip or excursion completed in one day. \Bday tripper\b\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b\Kday-tripper subsumed Aug 92 aaw\k
<hw>daywork</hw> \K/"deIw\F'\n:k/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i work paid for according to the time taken.
<hw>daze</hw> \K/deIz/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.tr.\i stupefy, bewilder.\p\In.\i\pa state of confusion or bewilderment \3(in a daze).\c \Bdazedly\b \K/-zIdli/\k \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English \Idased\i past part., from Old Norse \Idasathr\i 'weary'\c
<hw>dazzle</hw> \K/"daz(\F'\n)l/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i blind temporarily or confuse the sight of by an excess of light.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i impress or overpower (a person) with knowledge, ability, or any brilliant display or prospect.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i \Iarchaic\i (of eyes) be dazzled.\p\In.\i\pbright confusing light. \Bdazzlement\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdazzler\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdazzling\b \Iadj.\i \Bdazzlingly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, from \J\Xdaze\x\j + \J\X-le\x (4)\j\c
<hw>dB</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IPhysics\i decibel(s).
<hw>DBE</hw> \Iabbr.\i (in the UK) Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire.
<hw>DBS</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IBroadcasting\i\p\B1\b direct-broadcast satellite.\p\B2\b direct broadcasting by satellite.
<hw>DC</hw> \Iabbr.\i\p\B1\b (also \Bdc)\b \IElectr\i direct current.\p\B2\b \IGeog\i District of Columbia.\p\B3\b \IMus\i da capo.\p\B4\b District Commissioner.
<hw>DCB</hw> \Iabbr.\i (in the UK) Dame Commander of the Order of the Bath.
<hw>DCL</hw> \Iabbr.\i \ILaw\i Doctor of Civil Law.
<hw>DCM</hw> \Iabbr.\i (in the UK) Distinguished Conduct Medal.
<hw>DCMG</hw> \Iabbr.\i (in the UK) Dame Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George.
<hw>DCVO</hw> \Iabbr.\i (in the UK) Dame Commander of the Royal Victorian Order.
<hw>DD</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IEccl Education\i Doctor of Divinity.
<hw>D-Day</hw> \K/"di:deI/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMil\i the day (6 June 1944) on which Allied forces invaded northern France.\p\B2\b the day on which an important operation is to begin or a change to take effect. \BEtymology:\b \3\ID\i for \Iday\i + \J\Xday\x\j\c
<hw>ddC</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IPharm\i dideoxycytidine, a drug intended for use in the treatment of Aids.\Knew f. incomings apr 94\k
<hw>ddI</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IPharm.\i dideoxyinosine, a drug intended for use in the treatment of Aids.\Knew f. ODNW Sep 93\k
<hw>DDR</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IPolit Geog\i \Ihist.\i German Democratic Republic.\Knew f. OERD, incomings Sept 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3German \IDeutsche Demokratische Republik\i\c
<hw>DDT</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IChem\i dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, a synthetic organic compound used as an insecticide, but now widely banned for its damaging effects on wildlife.
<hw>DE</hw> \Iabbr.\i \BUS\b \IGeog\i Delaware (in official postal use).
<hw>de-</hw> \K/di:/, /dI/\k \Iprefix\i\p\B1\b forming verbs and their derivatives: \Ba\b down, away \3(descend;\c \2deduct).\c \Bb\b completely \3(declare;\c \2denude;\c \2deride).\c\p\B2\b added to verbs and their derivatives to form verbs and nouns implying removal or reversal \3(decentralize;\c \2de-ice;\c \2demoralization).\c \BEtymology:\b \3from or suggested by Latin \Ide\i \I(adv.\i & \Iprep.)\i = off, from: sense 2 via Old French \Ides\i- from Latin \Idis-\i\c
<hw>deaccession</hw> \K/di:\F'\nk"sES(\F'\n)n/\k \Iv.tr.\i \IArt\i (of a museum, library, etc.) sell (a work).\Knew f. incomings, corpus Oct 93\k
<hw>deacon</hw> \K/"di:k(\F'\n)n/\k \In. & v.\i \IEccl\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b (in episcopal Churches) a minister of the third order, below bishop and priest.\p\B2\b (in Nonconformist Churches) a lay officer attending to a congregation's secular affairs.\p\B3\b (in the early Church) an appointed minister of charity. \Iv.tr.\i appoint or ordain as a deacon. \Bdeaconate\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdeaconship\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Idiacon\i via ecclesiastical Latin \Idiaconus\i from Greek \Idiakonos\i 'servant'\c
<hw>deaconess</hw> \K/di:k\F'\n"nEs/, /"di:k(\F'\n)nIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IEccl\i a woman in the early Church and in some modern Churches with functions analogous to a deacon's. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xdeacon\x,\j suggested by Late Latin \Idiaconissa\i\c
<hw>deactivate</hw> \K/di:"aktIveIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i make inactive or less reactive. \Bdeactivation\b \K/-"veIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bdeactivator\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>dead</hw> \K/dEd/\k \Iadj., adv., & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b no longer alive.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i extremely tired or unwell.\p\B3\b benumbed; affected by loss of sensation \3(my fingers are dead).\c\p\B4\b \I(foll. by \Bto)\b\i unappreciative or unconscious of; insensitive to.\p\B5\b no longer effective or in use; obsolete, extinct.\p\B6\b (of a match, of coal, etc.) no longer burning; extinguished.\p\B7\b inanimate.\p\B8\b \Ba\b lacking force or vigour; dull, lustreless, muffled. \Bb\b \IAcoustics\i (of sound) not resonant. \Bc\b \IDrink\i (of sparkling wine etc.) no longer effervescent.\p\B9\b \Ba\b quiet; lacking activity \3(the dead season).\c \Bb\b motionless, idle.\p\B10\b \Ba\b \ITelegraphy Electronics\i (of a microphone, telephone, etc.) not transmitting any sound, esp. because of a fault. \Bb\b \IElectr\i (of a circuit, conductor, etc.) carrying or transmitting no current; not connected to a source of electricity \3(a dead battery).\c\p\B11\b \ISport\i (of the ball in a game) out of play.\p\B12\b abrupt, complete, exact, unqualified, unrelieved \3(come to a dead stop;\c \2a dead faint;\c \2a dead calm;\c \2in dead silence;\c \2a dead certainty).\c\p\B13\b without spiritual life. \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b absolutely, exactly, completely \3(dead on target;\c \2dead level;\c \2dead tired).\c\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i very, extremely \3(dead good;\c \2dead easy).\c\p\In.\i\p\I(prec. by \Bthe)\b\i\p\B1\b \I(treated as \Bpl.)\b\i those who have died.\p\B2\b a time of silence or inactivity \3(the dead of night).\c\p\1dead as the (or a) dodo\c \Isee\i \J\Xdodo\x.\j\p\1dead as a doornail\c \Isee\i \J\Xdoornail\x.\j\p\1dead from the neck up\c \Icolloq.\i stupid.\p\1dead to the world\c \Icolloq.\i fast asleep; unconscious.\p\1make a dead set at\c \Isee\i \J\Xset\x (2).\j\p\1wouldn't be seen dead in\c (or \Bwith\b etc.) \Icolloq.\i shall refuse to wear etc.; shall have nothing to do with. \Bdeadness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Idead\i from Germanic, related to \J\Xdie\x (1)\j\c
<hw>dead-ball line</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IRugby\i a line behind the goal line beyond which the ball is considered out of play.\Knew f. OERD Sept 94\k
<hw>dead bat</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICricket\i a bat held loosely so that it imparts no motion to the ball when struck.
<hw>deadbeat</hw> \K/"dEdbi:t/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i (usu. \Bdead beat\b \K/-"bi:t/\k when \Ipredic.)\i\p\B1\b \Icolloq.\i exhausted.\p\B2\b \IPhysics\i (of an instrument or clock escapement) without recoil.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Icolloq.\i an idle, feckless, or disreputable person.\p\B2\b \BUS\b \Islang\i a person constantly in debt.
<hw>deadbolt</hw> \K/"dEdb\F'\nUlt/\k\p\In.\i\p\Besp. US\b \IMech\i a bolt engaged by turning a knob or key, rather than by spring action.
<hw>dead centre</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the exact centre.\p\B2\b \IMech\i the position of a crank etc. in line with the connecting rod and not exerting torque.
<hw>dead duck</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Icolloq.\i an unsuccessful or useless person or thing.
<hw>deaden</hw> \K/"dEd(\F'\n)n/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr. & intr.\i deprive of or lose vitality, force, brightness, sound, feeling, etc.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \I(foll. by \Bto)\b\i make insensitive. \Bdeadener\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>dead end</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a closed end of a road, passage, etc.\p\B2\b \I(often, with hyphen, \Battrib.)\b\i a situation offering no prospects of progress or advancement.
<hw>deadeye</hw> \K/"dEdVI/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \INaut.\i a circular wooden block with a groove round the circumference to take a lanyard, used singly or in pairs to tighten a shroud.\p\B2\b \BUS\b \Icolloq.\i an expert marksman.
<hw>deadfall</hw> \K/"dEdfO:l/\k\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b \IHunting\i a trap in which a raised weight is made to fall on and kill esp. large game.
<hw>dead-head</hw> \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b \IBot\i a faded flower head.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i a passenger or member of an audience who has made use of a free ticket.\p\B3\b \Icolloq.\i a useless or unenterprising person.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \IBot Hort\i remove dead-heads from (a plant).\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \BUS\b \Icolloq.\i (of a driver etc.) complete a journey with an empty train, bus, etc.
<hw>dead heat</hw> \In. & v.\i \ISport\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a race in which two or more competitors finish exactly level.\p\B2\b the result of such a race. \Iv.intr.\i \B(dead-heat)\b run a dead heat.
<hw>dead language</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ILinguistics\i a language no longer spoken, e.g. Latin.
<hw>dead letter</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a law or practice no longer observed or recognized.\p\B2\b an unclaimed or undelivered letter.\Ksense 2 new f. SOED Sep 93\k
<hw>dead lift</hw>\p\In.\i\pthe exertion of one's utmost strength to lift something.
<hw>deadlight</hw> \K/"dEdlVIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \INaut.\i a shutter inside a porthole.\p\B2\b \BUS\b a skylight that cannot be opened.
<hw>deadline</hw> \K/"dEdlVIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IJournalism\i a time limit for the completion of an activity etc.\p\B2\b \Ihist.\i a line beyond which prisoners were not allowed to go.
<hw>deadlock</hw> \K/"dEdlQk/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a situation, esp. one involving opposing parties, in which no progress can be made.\p\B2\b \IMech\i a type of lock requiring a key to open or close it. \Iv.tr. & intr.\i bring or come to a standstill.
<hw>dead loss</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Icolloq.\i a useless person or thing.\p\B2\b a complete loss.
<hw>deadly</hw> \K/"dEdli/\k \Iadj. & adv.\i \Iadj.\i \B(deadlier,\b \Bdeadliest)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b causing or able to cause fatal injury or serious damage. \Bb\b poisonous \3(deadly snake).\c\p\B2\b intense, extreme \3(deadly dullness).\c\p\B3\b (of an aim etc.) extremely accurate or effective.\p\B4\b deathlike \3(deadly pale;\c \2deadly faintness;\c \2deadly gloom).\c\p\B5\b \Icolloq.\i dreary, dull.\p\B6\b implacable. \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b like death; as if dead \3(deadly faint).\c\p\B2\b extremely, intensely \3(deadly serious).\c \Bdeadliness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ideadlic,\i \Ideadlice\i (as \J\Xdead\x,\j \J\X-ly\x (1))\j\c
<hw>deadly nightshade</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a highly poisonous plant, Atropa belladonna, with drooping purple flowers and black cherry-like fruit. \IAlso called\i \J\Xbelladonna\x\j or \Idwale.\i
<hw>deadly sin</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i a sin regarded as leading to damnation, esp. pride, covetousness, lust, gluttony, envy, anger, and sloth.
<hw>dead man's fingers</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBot.\i a kind of orchis, Orchis mascula.\p\B2\b \IZool.\i any soft coral of the genus \IAlcyonium,\i with spiny lobes.\p\B3\b \IZool.\i the finger-like divisions of a lobster's or crab's gills.
<hw>dead man's handle</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bdead man's pedal)\b \IRailways\i a controlling device esp. on an electric train, allowing power to be connected only as long as the operator presses on it.
<hw>dead march</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMus\i a funeral march.
<hw>dead men</hw> \In.pl.\i \Icolloq.\i bottles after the contents have been drunk.
<hw>dead nettle</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a plant of the genus \ILamium\i or a related genus of the mint family, having nettle-like leaves but without stinging hairs.
<hw>dead on</hw> \Iadj.\i exactly right.
<hw>deadpan</hw> \K/"dEdpan/\k \Iadj., adv., & v.\i \Iadj. & adv.\i with a face or manner totally lacking expression or emotion.\p\Iv.\i\p\B(deadpanned,\b \Bdeadpanning)\b\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i speak or behave in a deadpan manner.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i say or behave towards in a deadpan manner.\Kverb new f. corpus, SOED Sep 93\k
<hw>dead reckoning</hw>\p\In.\i\p\INaut.\i calculation of a ship's position from the log, compass, etc., when observations are impossible.
<hw>dead ringer</hw> \Isee\i \J\Xringer\x.\j
<hw>dead set</hw>\p\In.\i\pa determined attack or attempt.\Knew f. POD8, SOED Sep 93\k
<hw>dead shot</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ISport\i person who shoots extremely accurately.\Kas POD8 Aug 92 aaw\k
<hw>deadstock</hw> \K/"dEdstQk/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAgriculture\i farm machinery. \BEtymology:\b \3in contrast to \Ilivestock\i\c
<hw>dead time</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i the period after the recording of a pulse etc. when the detector is unable to record another.
<hw>dead weight</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bdead-weight)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b \IPhysics\i an inert mass. \Bb\b a heavy weight or burden.\p\B2\b \ICommerce\i a debt not covered by assets.\p\B3\b \INaut\i the total weight carried on a ship.
<hw>dead wood</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Icolloq.\i one or more useless people or things.
<hw>de-aerate</hw> \K/di:"E:reIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i remove air from. \Bde-aeration\b \K/-"reIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>deaf</hw> \K/dEf/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IMed\i wholly or partly without hearing \3(deaf in one ear).\c\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bto)\b\i refusing to listen or comply.\p\B3\b \IMus\i insensitive to harmony, rhythm, etc. \3(tone-deaf).\c\p\1deaf as a post\c completely deaf.\p\1fall on deaf ears\c be ignored.\p\1turn a deaf ear\c \I(usu. foll. by \Bto)\b\i be unresponsive. \Kdeafly omitted Sep 93\k\Bdeafness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ideaf,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>deaf aid</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IMed\i a hearing aid.
<hw>deaf-and-dumb alphabet</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bdeaf-and-dumb language\b etc.) \ILinguistics\i finger alphabet; sign language. \ISign language\i is the preferred term in official use.
<hw>deaf-blind</hw> \Iadj.\i (of a person) both deaf and blind.\Knew f. corpus Sep 93\k
<hw>deafen</hw> \K/"dEf(\F'\n)n/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b (often as \Bdeafening\b \Iadj.)\i overpower with sound.\p\B2\b deprive of hearing by noise, esp. temporarily. \Bdeafeningly\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>deaf mute</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a person who is both deaf and dumb. The term \Ideaf mute\i is now generally avoided in favour of the term \Iprofoundly deaf.\i If complete unambiguity is needed, \Ideaf without speech\i can be used.
<hw>deal (1)</hw> \K/di:l/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\I(past\i and \Ipast part.\i \Bdealt\b \K/dElt/\k)\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \Ba\b \I(foll. by \Bwith)\b\i take measures concerning (a problem, person, etc.), esp. in order to put something right. \Bb\b \I(foll. by \Bwith)\b\i \ICommerce\i do business with; associate with. \Bc\b \I(foll. by \Bwith)\b\i discuss or treat (a subject). \Bd\b \I(often foll. by \Bby)\b\i behave in a specified way towards a person \3(dealt honourably by them).\c\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bin)\b\i \ICommerce\i sell or be concerned with commercially \3(deals in insurance).\c\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bout,\b or \BBrit.\b \Bround)\b\i distribute or apportion to several people etc.\p\B4\b \Itr.\i \I(also \Babsol.)\b\i \ICards\i distribute (cards) to players for a game or round.\p\B5\b \Itr.\i cause to be received; administer \3(deal a heavy blow).\c\p\B6\b \Itr.\i assign as a share or deserts to a person \3(Providence dealt them much happiness).\c\p\B7\b \Itr.\i \I(foll. by \Bin)\b\i \Icolloq.\i include (a person) in an activity \3(you can deal me in).\c\p\In.\i\p\B1\b (usu. \Ba good or great deal)\b \Ba\b a large amount \3(a good deal of trouble).\c \Bb\b to a considerable extent \3(is a great deal better).\c\p\B2\b \ICommerce\i a business arrangement; a transaction.\p\B3\b a specified form of treatment given or received \3(gave them a rough deal;\c \2got a fair deal).\c\p\B4\b \ICards\i \Ba\b the distribution of cards by dealing. \Bb\b a player's turn to do this \3(it's my deal).\c \Bc\b the round of play following this. \Bd\b a set of hands dealt to players.\p\1it's a deal\c \Icolloq.\i expressing assent to an agreement. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Idµl,\i \Idµlan,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>deal (2)</hw> \K/di:l/\k\p\In.\i\p\IForestry\i\p\B1\b fir or pine timber, esp. sawn into boards of a standard size.\p\B2\b \Ba\b a board of this timber. \Bb\b such boards collectively. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Middle Low German, Middle Dutch \Idele\i 'plank', from Germanic\c
<hw>dealer</hw> \K/"di:l\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ICommerce\i a person or business dealing in (esp. retail) goods \3(contact your dealer;\c \2car-dealer;\c \2a dealer in tobacco).\c\p\B2\b \ICards\i the player dealing at cards.\p\B3\b \IStock Exch.\i a jobber on the Stock Exchange. \Bdealership\b\p\In.\i\p(in sense 1). The term \Idealer\i in sense 3 was officially replaced by \Ibroker-dealer\i in 1986 (see Usage Note at \J\Xbroker\x).\j
<hw>dealings</hw> \K/"di:lINs/\k \In.pl.\i \ICommerce\i contacts or transactions, esp. in business.\p\1have dealings with\c associate with.
<hw>dealt</hw> \I\Ipast\i and \Ipast part.\i of\i \J\Xdeal\x (1).\j
<hw>dean (1)</hw> \K/di:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IEccl\i \Ba\b the head of the chapter of a cathedral or collegiate church. \Bb\b (usu. \Brural dean)\b \BBrit.\b a member of the clergy exercising supervision over a group of parochial clergy within a division of an archdeaconry.\p\B2\b \IEducation\i \Ba\b a college or university official, esp. one of several fellows of a college, with disciplinary and advisory functions. \Bb\b the head of a university faculty or department or of a medical school.\p\B3\b = \J\Xdoyen\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Anglo-French \Ideen,\i Old French \Ideien\i from Late Latin \Idecanus,\i from \Idecem\i 'ten'; originally = chief of a group of ten\c
<hw>deanery</hw> \K/"di:n(\F'\n)ri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IEccl\i\p\B1\b a dean's house or office.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b the group of parishes presided over by a rural dean.
<hw>Dean of Faculty</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i the president of the Faculty of Advocates in Scotland.
<hw>dear</hw> \K/dI\F'\n/\k \Iadj., n., adv., & int.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b beloved or much esteemed. \Bb\b as a merely polite or ironic form \3(my dear man).\c\p\B2\b used as a formula of address, esp. at the beginning of letters \3(Dear Sir).\c\p\B3\b \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i precious; much cherished.\p\B4\b \I(usu. in \Bsuperl.)\b\i earnest, deeply felt \3(my dearest wish).\c\p\B5\b \ICommerce\i \Ba\b high-priced relative to its value. \Bb\b having high prices. \Bc\b (of money) available as a loan only at a high rate of interest.\p\In.\i\p(esp. as a form of address) dear person. \Iadv.\i at a high price or great cost \3(buy cheap and sell dear;\c \2will pay dear).\c \Iint.\i expressing surprise, dismay, pity, etc. \3(dear me!;\c \2oh dear!;\c \2dear, dear!).\c\p\1for dear life\c \Isee\i \J\Xlife\x.\j \Bdearness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ideore,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>dearie</hw> \K/"dI\F'\nri/\k\p\In.\i\p(esp. as a form of address) \Iusu. joc.\i or \Iiron.\i my dear.\p\1dearie me!\c \Iint.\i expressing surprise, dismay, etc.
<hw>Dear John</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Icolloq.\i a letter terminating a personal relationship.
<hw>dearly</hw> \K/"dI\F'\nli/\k \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b affectionately, fondly \3(loved him dearly).\c\p\B2\b \Ba\b earnestly; keenly. \Bb\b very much, greatly \3(would dearly love to go).\c\p\B3\b at a high price or great cost.\Knew hwd f. SOED Sep 93\k
<hw>dearth</hw> \K/d\F'\n:T/\k\p\In.\i\pscarcity or lack. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, formed as \J\Xdear\x\j\c
<hw>deasil</hw> \K/"dEs(\F'\n)l/, /"djES(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadv.\i \Besp. Sc.\b in the direction of the sun's apparent course (considered as lucky); clockwise \I(opp.\i \J\Xwiddershins\x).\j \BEtymology:\b \3Gaelic \Ideiseil\i\c
<hw>death</hw> \K/dET/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBiol\i the final cessation of vital functions in an organism; the ending of life.\p\B2\b the event that terminates life.\p\B3\b \Ba\b the fact or process of being killed or killing \3(stone to death;\c \2fight to the death).\c \Bb\b the fact or state of being dead \3(eyes closed in death;\c \2their deaths caused rioting).\c\p\B4\b \Ba\b the destruction or permanent cessation of something \3(was the death of our hopes).\c \Bb\b \Icolloq.\i something terrible or appalling.\p\B5\b (usu. \BDeath)\b a personification of death, esp. as a destructive power, usu. represented by a skeleton.\p\B6\b \IRelig\i a lack of religious faith or spiritual life.\p\1as sure as death\c quite certain.\p\1at death's door\c close to death.\p\1be in at the death\c\p\B1\b \IHunting\i be present when an animal is killed, esp. in hunting.\p\B2\b witness the (esp. sudden) ending of an enterprise etc.\p\1be the death of\c\p\B1\b cause the death of.\p\B2\b be very harmful to.\p\1catch one's death of cold\c \Icolloq.\i \IMed\i catch a serious chill etc.\p\1do to death\c\p\B1\b overdo.\p\B2\b kill.\p\1fate worse than death\c \Icolloq.\i a disastrous misfortune or experience.\p\1like death warmed up\c (or \BUS\b \Bover)\b \Icolloq.\i very tired or ill.\p\1put to death\c kill; execute.\p\1to death\c to the utmost, extremely \3(bored to death;\c \2worked to death).\c \Bdeathless\b \Iadj.\i \Bdeathlessness\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdeathlike\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ideath\i from Germanic: related to \J\Xdie\x (1)\j\c
<hw>death adder</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i any of various venomous snakes of the genus \IAcanthophis,\i esp. A. antarcticus of Australia.
<hw>deathbed</hw> \K/"dETbEd/\k\p\In.\i\pa bed as the place where a person is dying or has died.
<hw>death blow</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a blow or other action that causes death.\p\B2\b an event or circumstance that abruptly ends an activity, enterprise, etc.
<hw>death camp</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMil. Polit\i a prison camp in which many people die or are put to death.\Knew f. corpus Sep 93\k
<hw>death cap</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a poisonous toadstool, Amanita phalloides.
<hw>death cell</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICriminol\i a prison cell for a person condemned to death.
<hw>death certificate</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ILaw Med\i an official statement of the cause and date and place of a person's death.
<hw>death duty</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IEcon\i \Ihist.\i a tax levied on property after the owner's death (replaced in 1975 by \Icapital transfer tax,\i which was replaced in 1986 by \Iinheritance tax).\i
<hw>death grant</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b a state grant towards funeral expenses.
<hw>death knell</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the tolling of a bell to mark a person's death.\p\B2\b an event that heralds the end or destruction of something.
<hw>deathly</hw> \K/"dETli/\k \Iadj. & adv.\i \Iadj.\i \B(deathlier,\b \Bdeathliest)\b suggestive of death \3(deathly silence).\c \Iadv.\i in a deathly way \3(deathly pale).\c
<hw>death mask</hw>\p\In.\i\pa cast taken of a dead person's face.
<hw>death penalty</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICriminol Law\i punishment by being put to death.
<hw>death rate</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IDemog.\i the number of deaths per thousand of population per year.
<hw>death rattle</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a gurgling sound sometimes heard in a dying person's throat.
<hw>death roll</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b\p\B1\b those killed in an accident, battle, etc.\p\B2\b a list of these.
<hw>death row</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICriminol\i (esp. with reference to the US) a prison block or section for prisoners sentenced to death.
<hw>death's head</hw>\p\In.\i\pa human skull as an emblem of mortality.
<hw>death's head moth</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a large dark hawkmoth, Acherontia atropos, with skull-like markings on the back of the thorax.
<hw>death squad</hw>\p\In.\i\pan armed paramilitary group formed to kill political enemies etc.
<hw>death tax</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BUS\b \IEcon\i a tax on property payable on the owner's death.
<hw>death toll</hw>\p\In.\i\pthe number of people killed in an accident, battle, etc.
<hw>death trap</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Icolloq.\i a dangerous or unhealthy building, vehicle, etc.
<hw>death warrant</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ILaw\i an order for the execution of a condemned person.\p\B2\b anything that causes the end of an established practice etc.
<hw>death-watch</hw>\p\In.\i\p(in full \Bdeath-watch beetle)\b \IZool\i a small beetle, Xestobium rufovillosum, which makes a sound like a watch ticking, once supposed to portend death, and whose larva bores in old wood.
<hw>death wish</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPsychol.\i a desire (usu. unconscious) for the death of oneself or another.
<hw>deattribute</hw> \K/di:\F'\n"trIbju:t/\k \Iv.tr.\i \IArt\i cease to attribute (a work of art) to a particular artist. \Bdeattribution\b \K/%di:atrI"bju:S(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Knew f. corpus Oct 93\k
<hw>deb</hw> \K/dEb/\k\p\In.\i\p\Icolloq.\i a debutante. \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation\c
<hw>debacle</hw> \K/deI"bA:k(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \BdΘbΓcle)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b an utter defeat, failure, or disaster. \Bb\b a sudden collapse or downfall.\p\B2\b a confused rush or rout; a stampede.\p\B3\b \IGeol\i \Ba\b a break-up of ice in a river, with resultant flooding. \Bb\b a sudden rush of water carrying along blocks of stone and other debris. \BEtymology:\b \3French, from \IdΘbΓcler\i 'unbar'\c
<hw>debag</hw> \K/di:"bag/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(debagged,\b \Bdebagging)\b \BBrit.\b \Islang\i remove the trousers of (a person), esp. as a joke.
<hw>debar</hw> \K/dI"bA:/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(debarred,\b \Bdebarring)\b \I(foll. by \Bfrom)\b\i exclude from admission or from a right; prohibit from an action \3(was debarred from entering).\c \Bdebarment\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from French \IdΘbarrer,\i Old French \Idesbarrer\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \J\Xbar\x (1))\j\c
<hw>debark (1)</hw> \K/di:"bA:k/\k \Iv.tr. & intr.\i \INaut\i land from a ship. \Bdebarkation\b \K/-"keIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \IdΘbarquer\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \J\Xbark\x (3))\j\c
<hw>debark (2)</hw> \K/di:"bA:k/\k \Iv.tr.\i remove the bark from (a tree).
<hw>debase</hw> \K/dI"beIs/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b lower in quality, value, or character.\p\B2\b \ICommerce\i depreciate (coin) by alloying etc. \Bdebasement\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdebaser\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xde-\x\j + obsolete \Ibase\i for \J\Xabase\x\j\c
<hw>debatable</hw> \K/dI"beIt\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b questionable; subject to dispute.\p\B2\b capable of being debated. \Bdebatably\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old French \Idebatable\i or Anglo-Latin \Idebatabilis\i (as \J\Xdebate\x)\j\c
<hw>debate</hw> \K/dI"beIt/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \I(also \Babsol.)\b\i \IParl\i discuss or dispute about (an issue, proposal, etc.), esp. formally in a legislative assembly, public meeting, etc.\p\B2\b \Ba\b \Itr.\i consider or ponder (a matter). \Bb\b \Iintr.\i consider different sides of a question.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IParl\i a formal discussion on a particular matter, esp. in a legislative assembly etc.\p\B2\b debating, discussion \3(open to debate).\c \Bdebater\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Idebatre,\i \Idebat\i from Romanic (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \J\Xbattle\x)\j\c
<hw>debating point</hw>\p\In.\i\pan inessential matter used to gain advantage in a debate.
<hw>debauch</hw> \K/dI"bO:tS/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b corrupt morally.\p\B2\b make intemperate or sensually indulgent.\p\B3\b deprave or debase (taste or judgement).\p\B4\b (as \Bdebauched\b \Iadj.)\i dissolute.\p\B5\b \Iarchaic\i seduce (a woman).\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a bout of sensual indulgence.\p\B2\b debauchery. \Bdebaucher\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \IdΘbauche(r),\i Old French \Idesbaucher,\i of unknown origin\c
<hw>debauchee</hw> \K/dIbO:"tSi:/, /-"Si:/\k\p\In.\i\pa person given to excessive sensual indulgence. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IdΘbauchΘ\i past part.: see \J\Xdebauch\x,\j \J\X-ee\x\j\c
<hw>debenture</hw> \K/dI"bEn(t)S\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b an acknowledgement of indebtedness, esp. a bond of a company or corporation acknowledging a debt and providing for payment of interest at fixed intervals.\p\B2\b \BUS\b (in full \Bdebenture bond)\b a fixed-interest bond of a company or corporation, backed by general credit rather than specified assets. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Idebentur\i 'are owing', from \Idebere\i 'owe': assimilated to \J\X-ure\x\j\c
<hw>debenture stock</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b stock comprising debentures, with only the interest secured.
<hw>debility</hw> \K/dI"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\pfeebleness, esp. of health. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \IdebilitΘ\i from Latin \Idebilitas -tatis,\i from \Idebilis\i 'weak'\c
<hw>debit</hw> \K/"dEbIt/\k \In. & v.\i \ICommerce\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b (in bookkeeping) \Ba\b an entry in the left-hand side or column of an account recording a sum owed. \Bb\b the sum recorded. \Bc\b the total of such sums.\p\B2\b the debit side of an account. \Iv.tr.\i \B(debited,\b \Bdebiting)\b\p\B1\b \I(foll. by \Bagainst,\b \Bto)\b\i enter (an amount) on the debit side of an account \3(debited ú500 against me).\c\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bwith)\b\i enter (a person) on the debit side of an account \3(debited me with ú500).\c \BEtymology:\b \3French \IdΘbit\i from Latin \Idebitum\i \J\Xdebt\x\j\c
<hw>debit card</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i a card allowing the holder to transfer money from one bank account to another via a computer terminal when making a purchase etc.\Knew f. SOED, ODNW Sep 93\k
<hw>debonair</hw> \K/dEb\F'\n"nE:/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b carefree, cheerful, self-assured.\p\B2\b having pleasant manners; urbane. \Bdebonairly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Idebonaire\i = \Ide bon aire\i 'of good stock'\c
<hw>debouch</hw> \K/dI"baUtS/, /-"bu:S/\k \Iv.intr.\i\p\B1\b \IMil\i (of troops or a stream) issue from a ravine, wood, etc., into open ground.\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Binto)\b\i (of a river, road, etc.) merge into a larger body or area. \Bdebouchment\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \IdΘboucher\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Ibouche\i 'mouth')\c
<hw>debridement</hw> \K/deI"bri:dmQ~/, /dI"bri:dm(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed.\i the removal of damaged tissue or foreign matter from a wound etc.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Jan 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3French, literally 'unbridling'\c
<hw>debrief</hw> \K/di:"bri:f/\k \Iv.tr.\i \IPolit Mil. etc.\i \Icolloq.\i interrogate (a person, e.g. a diplomat or pilot) about a completed mission or undertaking. \Bdebriefing\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>debris</hw> \K/"dEbri:/, /"deIbri:/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b scattered fragments, esp. of something wrecked or destroyed.\p\B2\b \IGeol.\i an accumulation of loose material, e.g. from rocks or plants. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IdΘbris\i from obsolete \IdΘbriser\i 'break down' (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Ibriser\i 'break')\c
<hw>debt</hw> \K/dEt/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i\p\B1\b something that is owed, esp. money.\p\B2\b a state of obligation to pay something owed \3(in debt;\c \2out of debt;\c \2get into debt).\c\p\1in a person's debt\c under an obligation to a person. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English \Idet(te)\i from Old French \Idette\i (later \Idebte),\i ultimately from Latin \Idebitum,\i past part. of \Idebere\i 'owe'\c
<hw>debt collector</hw>\p\In.\i\pa person who is employed to collect debts for creditors.
<hw>debt of honour</hw>\p\In.\i\pa debt not legally recoverable, esp. a sum lost in gambling.
<hw>debtor</hw> \K/"dEt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i a person who owes a debt, esp. money \I(cf.\i \J\Xcreditor\x).\j \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Idet(t)or,\i \I-our\i from Latin \Idebitor\i (as \J\Xdebt\x)\j\c
<hw>debug</hw> \K/di:"bVg/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(debugged,\b \Bdebugging)\b\p\B1\b trace and remove concealed listening devices from (a room etc.).\p\B2\b \IComputing etc.\i identify and remove defects from (a machine, computer program, etc.).\p\B3\b remove bugs from; delouse.
<hw>debugger</hw> \K/di:"bVg\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IComputing\i a program for debugging other programs.\Knew f. SOED, ODNW Sep 93\k
<hw>debunk</hw> \K/di:"bVNk/\k \Iv.tr.\i \Icolloq.\i\p\B1\b show the good reputation or aspirations of (a person, institution, etc.) to be spurious.\p\B2\b expose the falseness of (a claim etc.). \Bdebunker\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>debus</hw> \K/di:"bVs/\k \Iv.tr. & intr.\i \B(debussed,\b \Bdebussing)\b \Besp. Brit.\b \IMil.\i unload (personnel or stores) or alight from a motor vehicle.
<hw>debut</hw> \K/"deIbju:/, /-bu:/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \BdΘbut)\b\p\B1\b \ITheatr\i the first public appearance of a performer on stage etc.; the opening performance of a show etc.\p\B2\b the first appearance of a debutante in society. \BEtymology:\b \3French, from \IdΘbuter\i 'lead off'\c
<hw>debutant</hw> \K/"dEbju:tQ~/, /"deI-/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \BdΘbutant)\b a male performer making his first public appearance.\Knew f. SOED, corpus Sep 93\k
<hw>debutante</hw> \K/"dEbjUtA:nt/, /"deI-/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \BdΘbutante)\b\p\B1\b a (usu. wealthy) young woman making her social debut.\p\B2\b a female performer making her first public appearance.\Ksense 2 new f. SOED Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3French, fem. part. of \IdΘbuter:\i see \J\Xdebut\x\j\c
<hw>deca-</hw> \K/"dEk\F'\n/\k \Icomb. form\i (also \Bdec-\b before a vowel) \ISci\i\p\B1\b having ten.\p\B2\b tenfold.\p\B3\b ten, esp. of a metric unit \3(decagram;\c \2decalitre).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ideka\i 'ten'\c
<hw>decade</hw> \K/"dEkeId/, /dI"keId/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IHorol\i a period of ten years.\p\B2\b a set, series, or group of ten.\Kdecadal omitted Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via French \IdΘcade\i and Late Latin \Idecas -adis\i from Greek, from \Ideka\i 'ten'\c The second pronunciation given, with the stress on the second syllable, is considered incorrect by some people, even though it is much used in broadcasting.
<hw>decadence</hw> \K/"dEk\F'\nd(\F'\n)ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b moral or cultural deterioration, esp. after a peak or culmination of achievement.\p\B2\b decadent behaviour; a state of decadence. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IdΘcadence\i from medieval Latin \Idecadentia,\i from \Idecadere\i \J\Xdecay\x\j\c
<hw>decadent</hw> \K/"dEk\F'\nd(\F'\n)nt/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b in a state of moral or cultural deterioration; showing or characterized by decadence. \Bb\b of a period of decadence.\p\B2\b self-indulgent.\p\In.\i\pa decadent person. \Bdecadently\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \IdΘcadent\i (as \J\Xdecadence\x)\j\c
<hw>decaf</hw> \K/"di:kaf/\k \In. & adj.\i (also \Bdecaff)\b\p\In.\i\p\Ipropr.\i decaffeinated coffee. \Iadj.\i decaffeinated.\Knew f. SOED, corpus Sep 93\k
<hw>decaffeinate</hw> \K/di:"kafIneIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i \IFood\i\p\B1\b remove the caffeine from.\p\B2\b reduce the quantity of caffeine in (usu. coffee).
<hw>decagon</hw> \K/"dEk\F'\ng(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMath Geom\i a plane figure with ten sides and angles. \Bdecagonal\b \K/dI"kag(\F'\n)n(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Idecagonum\i from Greek \Idekagonon\i (as \J\Xdeca-\x,\j \J\X-gon\x)\j\c
<hw>decagynous</hw> \K/dI"kadZIn\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i \IBot.\i having ten pistils. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \Idecagynus\i (as \J\Xdeca-\x,\j Greek \Igune\i 'woman')\c
<hw>decahedron</hw> \K/dEk\F'\n"hi:dr(\F'\n)n/, /-"hEd-/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bdecahedra\b \K/-dr\F'\n/\k or \Bdecahedrons)\b \IGeom\i a solid figure with ten faces. \Bdecahedral\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xdeca-\x\j + \J\X-hedron\x\j after \J\Xpolyhedron\x\j\c
<hw>decalcify</hw> \K/di:"kalsIfVI/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(-ies,\b \B-ied)\b \IMed\i remove lime or calcareous matter from (a bone, tooth, etc.). \Bdecalcification\b \K/-fI"keIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bdecalcifier\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>decalcomania</hw> \K/dI%kalk\F'\n"meInI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BUS\b \IArt\i\p\B1\b a process of transferring designs from specially prepared paper to the surface of glass, porcelain, etc.\p\B2\b a picture or design used in or made by this process. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IdΘcalcomanie\i from \IdΘcalquer\i 'transfer'\c
<hw>decalitre</hw> \K/"dEk\F'\nli:t\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Bdecaliter)\b \ISci\i a metric unit of capacity, equal to 10 litres.
<hw>Decalogue</hw> \K/"dEk\F'\nlQg/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig Bibl\i the Ten Commandments. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via French \IdΘcalogue\i or ecclesiastical Latin \Idecalogus\i from Greek \Idekalogos\i (after \Ihoi deka logoi\i 'the Ten Commandments')\c
<hw>decametre</hw> \K/"dEk\F'\nmi:t\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Bdecameter)\b \ISci\i a metric unit of length, equal to 10 metres.
<hw>decamp</hw> \K/dI"kamp/\k \Iv.intr.\i\p\B1\b break up or leave a camp.\p\B2\b depart suddenly; abscond. \Bdecampment\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \IdΘcamper\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \J\Xcamp\x (1))\j\c
<hw>decanal</hw> \K/dI"keIn(\F'\n)l/, /"dEk(\F'\n)n(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \IEccl\i\p\B1\b of a dean or deanery.\p\B2\b of the south side of a choir, the side on which the dean sits \I(cf.\i \J\Xcantorial\x 2).\j \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Idecanalis\i from Late Latin \Idecanus\i \J\Xdean\x (1)\j\c
<hw>decandrous</hw> \K/dI"kandr\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i \IBot.\i having ten stamens. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xdeca-\x\j + Greek \Iandr-\i 'man'\c
<hw>decani</hw> \K/dI"keInVI/\k \Iadj.\i \IMus.\i \IEccl\i to be sung by the decanal side in antiphonal singing \I(cf.\i \J\Xcantoris\x).\j \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, genitive of \Idecanus\i \J\Xdean\x (1)\j\c
<hw>decant</hw> \K/dI"kant/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \IDrink\i gradually pour off (liquid, esp. wine or a solution) from one container to another, esp. without disturbing the sediment.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i transfer as if by pouring.\Knew sense f. POD8 (colloq. label f. SOED) Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Idecanthare\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \J\Xcanthus\x,\j used for the lip of a beaker)\c
<hw>decanter</hw> \K/dI"kant\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IDrink\i a stoppered glass container into which wine or spirit is decanted.
<hw>decapitate</hw> \K/dI"kapIteIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \ILaw\i behead (esp. as a form of capital punishment).\p\B2\b cut the head or end from. \Bdecapitation\b \K/-"teIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bdecapitator\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Idecapitare\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Icaput -itis\i 'head')\c
<hw>decapod</hw> \K/"dEk\F'\npQd/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i\p\B1\b any crustacean of the chiefly marine order Decapoda, characterized by five pairs of walking legs, e.g. shrimps, crabs, and lobsters.\p\B2\b any of various cephalopod molluscs having ten tentacles, e.g. squids and cuttlefish. \Bdecapodan\b \K/dI"kap\F'\nd(\F'\n)n/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \IdΘcapode,\i from Greek \Ideka\i 'ten' + \Ipous podos\i 'foot'\c
<hw>decarbonize</hw> \K/di:"kA:b(\F'\n)nVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b \IEngin\i remove carbon or carbonaceous deposits from (an internal-combustion engine etc.). \Bdecarbonization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>decastyle</hw> \K/"dEk\F'\nstVIl/\k \In. & adj.\i \IArchit.\i\p\In.\i\pa ten-columned portico. \Iadj.\i having ten columns. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Idekastulos,\i from \Ideka\i 'ten' + \Istulos\i 'column'\c
<hw>decasyllable</hw> \K/"dEk\F'\n%sIl\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\IProsody\i a metrical line of ten syllables. \Bdecasyllabic\b \K/-sI"labIk/\k \Iadj. & n.\i
<hw>decathlon</hw> \K/dI"kaTlQn/, /-l\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISport\i an athletic contest in which each competitor takes part in ten different events. \Bdecathlete\b \K/-li:t/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xdeca-\x\j + Greek \Iathlon\i 'contest'\c
<hw>decay</hw> \K/dI"keI/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \Iintr.\i rot, decompose. \Bb\b \Itr.\i cause to rot or decompose.\p\B2\b \Iintr. & tr.\i decline or cause to decline in quality, power, wealth, energy, beauty, etc.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i \IPhysics\i \Ba\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bto)\b\i (of a substance etc.) undergo change by radioactivity. \Bb\b undergo a gradual decrease in magnitude of a physical quantity.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a rotten or ruinous state; a process of wasting away.\p\B2\b a decline in health, quality, etc.\p\B3\b \IPhysics\i \Ba\b a change into another substance etc. by radioactivity. \Bb\b a decrease in the magnitude of a physical quantity, esp. the intensity of radiation or amplitude of oscillation.\p\B4\b decayed tissue.\Kdecayable omitted Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Idecair\i from Romanic (as \J\Xde-\x,\j Latin \Icadere\i 'fall')\c
<hw>decease</hw> \K/dI"si:s/\k \In. & v.\i \Iformal\i \Iesp. Law\i\p\In.\i\pdeath. \Iv.intr.\i die. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ideces\i Latin \Idecessus,\i from \Idecedere\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Icedere cess-\i 'go')\c
<hw>deceased</hw> \K/dI"si:st/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iformal\i \Iadj.\i dead.\p\In.\i\p\I(usu. prec. by \Bthe)\b\i a person who has died, esp. recently.
<hw>decedent</hw> \K/dI"si:d(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b \ILaw\i a deceased person. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idecedere\i 'die': see \J\Xdecease\x\j\c
<hw>deceit</hw> \K/dI"si:t/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or process of deceiving or misleading, esp. by concealing the truth.\p\B2\b a dishonest trick or stratagem.\p\B3\b a tendency to deceive or mislead. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French, past part. of \Ideceveir,\i used as a noun from Latin \Idecipere\i 'deceive' (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Icapere\i 'take')\c
<hw>deceitful</hw> \K/dI"si:tfUl/, /-f(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b (of a person) using deceit, esp. habitually.\p\B2\b (of an act, practice, etc.) intended to deceive. \Bdeceitfully\b \Iadv.\i \Bdeceitfulness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>deceive</hw> \K/dI"si:v/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i make (a person) believe what is false, mislead purposely.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i be unfaithful to, esp. sexually.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i use deceit.\p\B4\b \Itr.\i \Iarchaic\i disappoint (esp. hopes).\p\1be deceived\c be mistaken or deluded.\p\1deceive oneself\c persist in a mistaken belief. \Bdeceivable\b \Iadj.\i \Bdeceiver\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ideceivre\i or \Ideceiv-,\i stressed stem of \Ideceveir\i (as \J\Xdeceit\x)\j\c
<hw>decelerate</hw> \K/di:"sEl\F'\nreIt/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr. & tr.\i begin or cause to begin to reduce speed.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i make slower \3(decelerated motion).\c \Bdeceleration\b \K/-"reIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bdecelerator\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdecelerometer\b \K/-"rQmIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xde-\x,\j on the pattern of \J\Xaccelerate\x\j\c
<hw>December</hw> \K/dI"sEmb\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IHorol\i the twelfth month of the year. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Idecembre\i from Latin \IDecember,\i from \Idecem\i 'ten': originally the tenth month of the Roman year\c
<hw>decency</hw> \K/"di:s(\F'\n)nsi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b generally accepted standards of behaviour or propriety.\p\B2\b avoidance of obscenity.\p\B3\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i the requirements of correct behaviour. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idecentia\i from \Idecere\i 'be fitting'\c
<hw>decennial</hw> \K/dI"sEnI\F'\nl/\k \Iadj.\i \IHorol\i\p\B1\b lasting ten years.\p\B2\b recurring every ten years. \Bdecennially\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idecennis\i 'of ten years', from \Idecem\i 'ten' + \Iannus\i 'year'\c
<hw>decent</hw> \K/"di:s(\F'\n)nt/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b conforming with generally accepted standards of behaviour or propriety. \Bb\b avoiding obscenity.\p\B2\b respectable.\p\B3\b acceptable, passable; good enough.\p\B4\b \BBrit.\b kind, obliging, generous \3(was decent enough to apologize).\c \Bdecently\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \IdΘcent,\i or from Latin \Idecere\i 'be fitting'\c
<hw>decentralize</hw> \K/di:"sEntr\F'\nlVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b\p\B1\b \IPolit\i transfer (powers etc.) from a central to a local authority.\p\B2\b reorganize (a centralized institution, organization, etc.) on the basis of greater local autonomy. \Bdecentralist\b \K/-lIst/\k \In. & adj.\i \Bdecentralization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>decentre</hw> \K/di:"sEnt\F'\n/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(US\b \Bdecenter)\b remove the centre from.\Knew f. SOED, corpus Sep 93\k
<hw>deception</hw> \K/dI"sEpS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or an instance of deceiving; the process of being deceived.\p\B2\b a thing that deceives; a trick or sham. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French or Late Latin \Ideceptio,\i from \Idecipere\i (as \J\Xdeceit\x)\j\c
<hw>deceptive</hw> \K/dI"sEptIv/\k \Iadj.\i apt to deceive; easily mistaken for something else or as having a different quality. \Bdeceptively\b \Iadv.\i \Bdeceptiveness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old French \Ideceptif -ive\i or Late Latin \Ideceptivus\i (as \J\Xdeception\x)\j\c
<hw>decerebrate</hw> \K/di:"sErIbr\F'\nt/\k \Iadj.\i having had the cerebrum removed.
<hw>deci-</hw> \K/"dEsi/\k \Icomb. form\i \ISci\i one-tenth, esp. of a unit in the metric system \3(decilitre;\c \2decimetre).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idecimus\i 'tenth'\c
<hw>decibel</hw> \K/"dEsIbEl/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISci\i a unit (one-tenth of a bel) used in the comparison of two power levels relating to electrical signals or sound intensities, one of the pair usually being taken as a standard (abbr.: \BdB).\b\Kabbr\k
<hw>decide</hw> \K/dI"sVId/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bon,\b \Babout)\b\i come to a resolution as a result of consideration. \Bb\b \Itr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bto\b + infin., or \Bthat\b + clause)\i have or reach as one's resolution about something \3(decided to stay;\c \2decided that we should leave).\c\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b cause (a person) to reach a resolution \3(was unsure about going but the weather decided me).\c \Bb\b resolve or settle (a question, dispute, etc.).\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bbetween,\b \Bfor,\b \Bagainst,\b \Bin favour of,\b or \Bthat\b + clause)\i give a judgement concerning a matter. \Bdecidable\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from French \IdΘcider\i or from Latin \Idecidere\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Icaedere\i 'cut')\c
<hw>decided</hw> \K/dI"sVIdId/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \I(usu. \Battrib.)\b\i definite, unquestionable \3(a decided difference).\c\p\B2\b (of a person, esp. as a characteristic) having clear opinions, resolute, not vacillating. \Bdecidedness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>decider</hw> \K/dI"sVId\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ISport\i a game, race, etc., to decide between competitors finishing equal in a previous contest.\p\B2\b any person or thing that decides.
<hw>deciduous</hw> \K/dI"sIdjU\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IBot\i (of a tree) shedding its leaves annually \I(cf.\i \J\Xevergreen\x).\j\p\B2\b \IBiol\i (of leaves, horns, teeth, etc.) shed periodically.\p\B3\b \IEntomol\i (of an ant etc.) shedding its wings after copulation.\p\B4\b fleeting, transitory. \Bdeciduousness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ideciduus\i from \Idecidere,\i from \Icadere\i 'fall'\c
<hw>decigram</hw> \K/"dEsIgram/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bdecigramme)\b \ISci\i a metric unit of mass, equal to 0.1 gram.
<hw>decile</hw> \K/"dEsVIl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IStatistics\i any of the nine values of a random variable which divide a frequency distribution into ten groups, each containing one-tenth of the total population. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IdΘcile,\i ultimately from Latin \Idecem\i 'ten'\c
<hw>decilitre</hw> \K/"dEsIli:t\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Bdeciliter)\b \ISci\i a metric unit of capacity, equal to 0.1 litre.
<hw>decimal</hw> \K/"dEsIm(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i \IMath Commerce\i\p\B1\b (of a system of numbers, weights, measures, etc.) based on the number ten, in which the smaller units are related to the principal units as powers of ten (units, tens, hundreds, thousands, etc.).\p\B2\b of tenths or ten; reckoning or proceeding by tens.\p\In.\i\p\IMath\i a decimal fraction. \Bdecimally\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \Idecimalis\i from Latin \Idecimus\i 'tenth'\c
<hw>decimal fraction</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMath\i a fraction whose denominator is a power of ten, esp. when expressed positionally by units to the right of a decimal point.
<hw>decimalize</hw> \K/"dEsIm(\F'\n)lVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b \IMath Commerce\i\p\B1\b express as a decimal.\p\B2\b \ICurrency\i convert to a decimal system (esp. of coinage). \Bdecimalization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>decimal place</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMath\i the position of a digit to the right of a decimal point.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Jan 94\k
<hw>decimal point</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMath\i a full point or dot placed before the numerator in a decimal fraction.
<hw>decimal scale</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ISci\i a scale with successive places denoting units, tens, hundreds, etc.
<hw>decimate</hw> \K/"dEsImeIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \Idisp.\i kill or remove a large proportion of.\p\B2\b \Iorig. Mil.\i kill or remove one in every ten of. \Bdecimation\b \K/-"meIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bdecimator\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idecimare\i 'take the tenth man', from \Idecimus\i 'tenth'\c Sense 1 is now the usual sense of \Idecimate\i although it is often deplored as an inappropriate use. This word should not be used to mean 'defeat utterly'.
<hw>decimetre</hw> \K/"dEsImi:t\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Bdecimeter)\b \ISci\i a metric unit of length, equal to 0.1 metre.
<hw>decipher</hw> \K/dI"sVIf\F'\n/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b convert (a text written in cipher) into an intelligible script or language.\p\B2\b determine the meaning of (anything obscure or unclear). \Bdecipherable\b \Iadj.\i \Bdecipherment\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>decision</hw> \K/dI"sIZ(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or process of deciding.\p\B2\b a conclusion or resolution reached, esp. as to future action, after consideration \3(have made my decision).\c\p\B3\b \I(often foll. by \Bof)\b\i \Ba\b the settlement of a question. \Bb\b \ILaw\i a formal judgement.\p\B4\b a tendency to decide firmly; resoluteness. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Idecision\i or Latin \Idecisio\i (as \J\Xdecide\x)\j\c
<hw>decisive</hw> \K/dI"sVIsIv/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b that decides an issue; conclusive.\p\B2\b (of a person, esp. as a characteristic) able to decide quickly and effectively. \Bdecisively\b \Iadv.\i \Bdecisiveness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \IdΘcisif -ive\i from medieval Latin \Idecisivus\i (as \J\Xdecide\x)\j\c
<hw>deck</hw> \K/dEk/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \INaut\i \Ba\b a platform in a ship covering all or part of the hull's area at any level and serving as a floor. \Bb\b the accommodation on a particular deck of a ship.\p\B2\b \ITransport\i anything similar to a ship's deck, e.g. the floor or compartment of a bus.\p\B3\b \IElectronics\i a component or unit in sound-reproduction equipment that incorporates a playing or recording mechanism for discs, tapes, etc.\p\B4\b \Ba\b \BN. Amer.\b \ICards\i a pack of cards. \Bb\b \BUS\b \Islang\i a packet of narcotics.\p\B5\b \Islang\i the ground.\p\B6\b any floor or platform, esp. the floor of a pier or a platform for sunbathing. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bout)\b\i decorate, adorn.\p\B2\b furnish with or cover as a deck.\p\B3\b \Islang\i knock (a person) to the ground; floor.\Knew f. NEWS Sep 93\k\p\1below deck\c (or \Bdecks)\b \INaut\i in or into the space below the main deck.\p\1on deck\c\p\B1\b \INaut\i in the open air on a ship's main deck.\p\B2\b \Besp. US\b ready for action, work, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, = covering, from Middle Dutch \Idec\i 'roof, cloak'\c
<hw>deckchair</hw> \K/"dEktSE:/\k\p\In.\i\pa folding chair of wood and canvas, of a kind used on deck on passenger ships.
<hw>-decker</hw> \K/"dEk\F'\n/\k \Icomb. form\i having a specified number of decks or layers \3(double-decker).\c
<hw>deckhand</hw> \K/"dEkhand/\k\p\In.\i\p\INaut\i a person employed in cleaning and odd jobs on a ship's deck.
<hw>deckle</hw> \K/"dEk(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPapermaking\i a device in a papermaking machine for limiting the size of the sheet. \BEtymology:\b \3German \IDeckel,\i diminutive of \IDecke\i 'cover'\c
<hw>deckle edge</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPapermaking\i the rough uncut edge formed by a deckle. \Bdeckled-edged\b \Iadj.\i\Kdriv moved from deckle Aug 92 aaw\k
<hw>deck quoits</hw> \In.pl.\i \ISport\i a game played, esp. on ships, in which rope quoits are aimed at a peg.
<hw>deck tennis</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ISport\i a game played, esp. on ships, in which a quoit of rope, rubber, etc., is tossed to and fro over a net.
<hw>declaim</hw> \K/dI"kleIm/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr. & tr.\i speak or utter rhetorically or affectedly.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i practise oratory or recitation.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bagainst)\b\i protest forcefully.\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i deliver an impassioned (rather than reasoned) speech. \Bdeclaimer\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from French \IdΘclamer\i or from Latin \Ideclamare\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \J\Xclaim\x)\j\c
<hw>declamation</hw> \K/dEkl\F'\n"meIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRhet\i\p\B1\b the act or art of declaiming.\p\B2\b a rhetorical exercise or set speech.\p\B3\b an impassioned speech; a harangue. \Bdeclamatory\b \K/dI"klam\F'\nt(\F'\n)ri/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \IdΘclamation\i or Latin \Ideclamatio\i (as \J\Xdeclaim\x)\j\c
<hw>declarant</hw> \K/dI"klE:r(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i a person who makes a legal declaration. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IdΘclarant,\i part. of \IdΘclarer\i (as \J\Xdeclare\x)\j\c
<hw>declaration</hw> \K/dEkl\F'\n"reIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or process of declaring.\p\B2\b \Ba\b a formal, emphatic, or deliberate statement or announcement. \Bb\b \ILaw\i a statement asserting or protecting a legal right.\p\B3\b a written public announcement of intentions, terms of an agreement, etc.\p\B4\b \ICricket\i an act of declaring an innings closed.\p\B5\b \ICards\i \Ba\b the naming of trumps. \Bb\b an announcement of a combination held.\p\B6\b \ILaw\i \Ba\b a plaintiff's statement of claim. \Bb\b an affirmation made instead of taking an oath.\p\B7\b (in full \Bdeclaration of the poll)\b \BBrit.\b \IPolit\i a public official announcement of the votes cast for candidates in an election. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Ideclaratio\i (as \J\Xdeclare\x)\j\c
<hw>Declaration of Independence</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i a document declaring the US to be independent of the British Crown, signed in 1776.\Knew f. OERD Nov. 94\k
<hw>Declaration of Indulgence</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IRelig Law\i the proclamation of religious liberties, esp. under Charles II in 1672 and James II in 1687.
<hw>declarative</hw> \K/dI"klar\F'\ntIv/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b of the nature of, or making, a declaration. \Bb\b \IGram.\i (of a sentence) that takes the form of a simple statement.\p\B2\b \IComputing\i designating high-level programming languages which can be used to solve problems without requiring the programmer to specify an exact procedure to be followed.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a declaratory statement or act.\p\B2\b \IGram.\i a declarative sentence.\Knew as hwd f. SOED Sep 93\k \Bdeclaratively\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old French \IdΘclaratif\i \I-ive\i or Latin \Ideclarativus\i (as \J\Xdeclare\x)\j\c
<hw>declare</hw> \K/dI"klE:/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i announce openly or formally \3(declare war;\c \2declare a dividend).\c\p\B2\b \Itr.\i pronounce (a person or thing) to be something \3(declared him to be an impostor;\c \2declared it invalid).\c\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bthat\b + clause)\i assert emphatically; state explicitly.\p\B4\b \Itr.\i acknowledge possession of (dutiable goods, income, etc.).\p\B5\b \Itr.\i (as \Bdeclared\b \Iadj.)\i who admits to be such \3(a declared atheist).\c\p\B6\b \Itr.\i \I(also \Babsol.)\b\i \ICricket\i close (an innings) voluntarily before all the wickets have fallen.\p\B7\b \Itr.\i \ICards\i \Ba\b \I(also \Babsol.)\b\i name (the trump suit). \Bb\b announce that one holds (certain combinations of cards etc.).\p\B8\b \Itr.\i (of things) make evident, prove \3(your actions declare your honesty).\c\p\B9\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bfor,\b \Bagainst)\b\i take the side of one party or another.\p\1declare oneself\c reveal one's intentions or identity.\p\1well, I declare\c (or \BI do declare)\b an exclamation of incredulity, surprise, or vexation. \Bdeclarable\b \Iadj.\i \Bdeclaratory\b \K/-"klar\F'\nt(\F'\n)ri/\k \Iadj.\i \Bdeclaredly\b \K/-rIdli/\k \Iadv.\i \Bdeclarer\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Ideclarare\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Iclarare\i from \Iclarus\i 'clear')\c
<hw>declass</hw> \K/di:"klA:s/\k \Iv.tr.\i \ISociol\i remove from one's social class.\Knew f. SOED, corpus Sep 93\k
<hw>dΘclassΘ</hw> \K/deI"klaseI/\k \Iadj.\i \I(fem.\i \BdΘclassΘe\b \Ipronunc.\i same) that has fallen in social status. \BEtymology:\b \3French\c
<hw>declassify</hw> \K/di:"klasIfVI/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(-ies,\b \B-ied)\b \IPolit\i declare (information etc.) to be no longer secret. \Bdeclassification\b \K/-fI"keIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>declension</hw> \K/dI"klEnS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IGram.\i \Ba\b the variation of the form of a noun, pronoun, or adjective, by which its grammatical case, number, and gender are identified. \Bb\b the class in which a noun etc. is put according to the exact form of this variation.\p\B2\b deterioration, declining. \Bdeclensional\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old French \Ideclinaison,\i from \Idecliner\i \J\Xdecline\x,\j suggested by Latin \Ideclinatio:\i assimilated to \J\Xascension\x\j etc.\c
<hw>declination</hw> \K/dEklI"neIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a downward bend or turn.\p\B2\b \IAstron.\i the angular distance of a star etc. north or south of the celestial equator.\p\B3\b \IPhysics\i the angular deviation of a compass needle from true north.\p\B4\b \BUS\b a formal refusal. \Bdeclinational\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Ideclinatio\i (as \J\Xdecline\x)\j\c
<hw>decline</hw> \K/dI"klVIn/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i deteriorate; lose strength or vigour; decrease.\p\B2\b \Ba\b \Itr.\i reply with formal courtesy that one will not accept (an invitation, honour, etc.). \Bb\b \Itr.\i refuse, esp. formally and courteously \3(declined to be made use of;\c \2declined doing anything).\c \Bc\b \Itr.\i turn away from (a challenge, battle, discussion, etc.). \Bd\b \Iintr.\i give or send a refusal.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i slope downwards.\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i bend down, droop.\p\B5\b \Itr.\i \IGram.\i state the forms of (a noun, pronoun, or adjective) corresponding to cases, number, and gender.\p\B6\b \Iintr.\i (of a day, life, etc.) draw to a close.\p\B7\b \Iintr.\i decrease in price etc.\p\B8\b \Itr.\i bend down.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b gradual loss of vigour or excellence \3(on the decline).\c\p\B2\b decay, deterioration.\p\B3\b the sun's gradual setting; the last part of the course (of the sun, of life, etc.).\p\B4\b a fall in price.\p\B5\b \Iarchaic\i tuberculosis or a similar wasting disease. \Bdeclinable\b \Iadj.\i \Bdecliner\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Idecliner\i from Latin \Ideclinare\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Iclinare\i 'bend')\c
<hw>declining years</hw> \In.pl.\i old age.
<hw>declivity</hw> \K/dI"klIvIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IGeol\i a downward slope, esp. a piece of sloping ground. \Bdeclivitous\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ideclivitas\i from \Ideclivis\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Iclivus\i 'slope')\c
<hw>declutch</hw> \K/di:"klVtS/\k \Iv.intr.\i \IMech\i disengage the clutch of a motor vehicle.
<hw>decoct</hw> \K/dI"kQkt/\k \Iv.tr.\i \IChem\i extract the essence from by decoction. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Idecoquere\i 'boil down'\c
<hw>decoction</hw> \K/dI"kQkS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i\p\B1\b concentration of, or extraction of the essence of, a substance by boiling in water etc.\p\B2\b the extracted liquor resulting from this. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Idecoction\i or Late Latin \Idecoctio\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j Latin \Icoquere coct-\i 'boil')\c
<hw>decode</hw> \K/di:"k\F'\nUd/\k \Iv.tr.\i convert (a coded message) into intelligible language. \Bdecodable\b \Iadj.\i
<hw>decoder</hw> \K/di:"k\F'\nUd\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person or thing that decodes.\p\B2\b \IElectronics\i an electronic device for analysing signals and feeding separate amplifier channels.
<hw>decoke</hw> \Iv. & n.\i \BBrit.\b \IEngin\i \Icolloq.\i \Iv.tr.\i \K/di:"k\F'\nUk/\k remove carbon or carbonaceous material from (an internal-combustion engine).\p\In.\i\p\K/"di:k\F'\nUk/\k the process of decoking.
<hw>dΘcolletage</hw> \K/deIkQl"tA:Z/\k\p\In.\i\p\IClothing\i a low neckline of a woman's dress etc. \BEtymology:\b \3French (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Icollet\i 'collar of a dress')\c
<hw>dΘcolletΘ</hw> \K/deI"kQl(\F'\n)teI/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i (also \BdΘcolletΘe)\b \IClothing\i\p\B1\b (of a dress etc.) having a low neckline.\p\B2\b (of a woman) wearing a dress with a low neckline.\p\In.\i\pa low neckline. \BEtymology:\b \3French (as \J\XdΘcolletage\x)\j\c
<hw>decolonize</hw> \K/di:"kQl\F'\nnVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b \IPolit\i (of a state) withdraw from (a colony), leaving it independent. \Bdecolonization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>decommission</hw> \K/di:k\F'\n"mIS(\F'\n)n/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b close down (a nuclear reactor etc.).\p\B2\b \INaut\i take (a ship) out of service.
<hw>decompose</hw> \K/di:k\F'\nm"p\F'\nUz/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i decay, rot; disintegrate, break up.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \IPhysics\i break down or separate into its elements or simpler constituents; cause to decay or rot.\Ksenses 2 and 3 merged Sept 94\k \Bdecomposition\b \K/%di:kQmp\F'\n"zIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \IdΘcomposer\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \J\Xcompose\x)\j\c
<hw>decomposer</hw> \K/di:k\F'\nm"p\F'\nUz\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IEcol.\i a thing, esp. a living organism, that performs decomposition.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Jan 94\k
<hw>decompress</hw> \K/di:k\F'\nm"prEs/\k \Iv.tr.\i subject to decompression; relieve or reduce the compression on.
<hw>decompression</hw> \K/di:k\F'\nm"prES(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b release from compression.\p\B2\b \INaut\i a gradual reduction of air pressure on a person who has been subjected to high pressure (esp. underwater).
<hw>decompression chamber</hw>\p\In.\i\p\INaut\i an enclosed space for subjecting a person to decompression.
<hw>decompression sickness</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a condition caused by too rapid decompression, resulting in the formation of nitrogen bubbles in the tissues, pain, nausea, paralysis, etc. \IAlso called\i \Icaisson disease,\i \Ithe bends\i (see \J\Xbend\x (1)\p\In.\i\p4).\j
<hw>decompressor</hw> \K/di:k\F'\nm"prEs\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMech\i \BBrit.\b a device for reducing pressure in the engine of a motor vehicle.
<hw>decongestant</hw> \K/di:k(\F'\n)n"dZEst(\F'\n)nt/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i that relieves (esp. nasal) congestion.\p\In.\i\p\IPharm Med\i a medicinal agent that relieves nasal congestion.
<hw>deconsecrate</hw> \K/di:"kQnsIkreIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i \IEccl\i transfer (esp. a building) from sacred to secular use. \Bdeconsecration\b \K/-"kreIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>deconstruct</hw> \K/di:k(\F'\n)n"strVkt/\k \Iv.tr.\i \IPhilos\i subject to deconstruction. \Bdeconstructive\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3back-formation from \J\Xdeconstruction\x\j\c
<hw>deconstruction</hw> \K/di:k(\F'\n)n"strVkS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhilos\i a method of critical analysis of philosophical and literary language. \Bdeconstructionism\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdeconstructionist\b \Iadj. & n.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \IdΘconstruction\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \J\Xconstruction\x)\j\c
<hw>decontextualize</hw> \K/di:k(\F'\n)n"tEkstjU\F'\nlVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b study or treat in isolation from its context. \Bdecontextualization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Knew f. SOED, corpus Sep 93\k
<hw>decontrol</hw> \K/di:k(\F'\n)n"tr\F'\nUl/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.tr.\i \B(decontrolled,\b \Bdecontrolling)\b \ICommerce\i release (a commodity etc.) from controls or restrictions, esp. those imposed by the State.\p\In.\i\pthe act of decontrolling.
<hw>decor</hw> \K/"deIkO:/, /"dE-/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \BdΘcor)\b\p\B1\b the furnishing and decoration of a room etc.\p\B2\b \ITheatr\i the decoration and scenery of a stage. \BEtymology:\b \3French from \IdΘcorer\i (as \J\Xdecorate\x)\j\c
<hw>decorate</hw> \K/"dEk\F'\nreIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b provide with adornments.\p\B2\b \Besp. Brit.\b provide (a room or building) with new paint, wallpaper, etc.\p\B3\b serve as an adornment to.\p\B4\b confer an award or distinction on. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idecorare decorat-\i from \Idecus -oris\i 'beauty'\c
<hw>Decorated style</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IArchit.\i the second stage of English Gothic (14th c.), with increasing use of decoration and geometrical tracery.
<hw>decoration</hw> \K/dEk\F'\n"reIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the process or art of decorating.\p\B2\b a thing that decorates or serves as an ornament.\p\B3\b a medal etc. conferred and worn as an honour.\p\B4\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i flags etc. put up on an occasion of public celebration. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IdΘcoration\i or Late Latin \Idecoratio\i (as \J\Xdecorate\x)\j\c
<hw>Decoration Day</hw>\p\In.\i\p(in the US) Memorial Day.
<hw>decorator</hw> \K/"dEk\F'\nreIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pa person who decorates, esp. \BBrit.\b one who paints or papers houses professionally.
<hw>decorous</hw> \K/"dEk(\F'\n)r\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i respecting good taste or propriety; dignified. \Bdecorously\b \Iadv.\i \Bdecorousness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idecorus\i 'seemly'\c
<hw>decorticate</hw> \K/di:"kO:tIkeIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i \IBiol\i\p\B1\b remove the bark, rind, or husk from.\p\B2\b remove the outside layer from (the kidney, brain, etc.). \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idecorticare decorticat-\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Icortex -icis\i 'bark')\c
<hw>decortication</hw> \K/dI%kO:tI"keIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed Surgery\i\p\B1\b the removal of the outside layer from an organ (e.g. the kidney) or structure.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b an operation removing the blood clot and scar tissue formed after bleeding in the chest cavity.
<hw>decorum</hw> \K/dI"kO:r\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b seemliness, propriety. \Bb\b behaviour required by politeness or decency.\p\B2\b a particular requirement of this kind.\p\B3\b etiquette. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, neut. of \Idecorus\i 'seemly'\c
<hw>dΘcoupage</hw> \K/deIku:"pA:Z/\k\p\In.\i\pthe decoration of surfaces with paper cut-outs. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = the action of cutting out\c
<hw>decouple</hw> \K/di:"kVp(\F'\n)l/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \IElectr.\i make the interaction between (oscillators etc.) so weak that there is little transfer of energy between them.\p\B2\b separate, disengage, dissociate.
<hw>decoy</hw> \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\K/"di:kOI/, /dI"kOI/\k\p\B1\b \Ba\b a person or thing used to lure an animal or person into a trap or danger. \Bb\b a bait or enticement.\p\B2\b a pond from which narrow netted channels lead, into which wild duck may be enticed for capture. \Iv.tr.\i \K/dI"kOI/, /"di:kOI/\k \I(often foll. by \Binto,\b \Bout of)\b\i allure or entice, esp. by means of a decoy. \BEtymology:\b \317th c.: perhaps from Dutch \Ide kooi\i 'the decoy', from \Ide\i \J\Xthe\x\j + \Ikooi\i from Latin \Icavea\i 'cage'\c
<hw>decrease</hw> \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.tr. & intr.\i \K/dI"kri:s/\k make or become smaller or fewer.\p\In.\i\p\K/"di:kri:s/\k\p\B1\b the act or an instance of decreasing.\p\B2\b the amount by which a thing decreases. \Bdecreasingly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ide(s)creiss-,\i present stem of \Ide(s)creistre,\i ultimately from Latin \Idecrescere\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Icrescere cret-\i 'grow')\c
<hw>decree</hw> \K/dI"kri:/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an official order issued by a legal authority.\p\B2\b \ILaw\i a judgement or decision of certain law courts, esp. in matrimonial cases. \Iv.tr.\i \B(decrees,\b \Bdecreed,\b \Bdecreeing)\b ordain by decree. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \IdecrΘ\i from Latin \Idecretum,\i neut. past part. of \Idecernere\i 'decide' (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Icernere\i 'sift')\c
<hw>decree absolute</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ILaw\i a final order for divorce, enabling either party to remarry.
<hw>decree nisi</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ILaw\i a provisional order for divorce, made absolute unless cause to the contrary is shown within a fixed period.
<hw>decrement</hw> \K/"dEkrIm(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPhysics\i the ratio of the amplitudes in successive cycles of a damped oscillation.\p\B2\b the amount lost by diminution or waste.\p\B3\b the act of decreasing. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idecrementum\i (as \J\Xdecrease\x)\j\c
<hw>decrepit</hw> \K/dI"krEpIt/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b weakened or worn out by age and infirmity.\p\B2\b worn out by long use; dilapidated. \Bdecrepitude\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Idecrepitus\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Icrepitus,\i past part. of \Icrepare\i 'creak')\c
<hw>decrepitate</hw> \K/dI"krEpIteIt/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i roast or calcine (a mineral or salt) until it stops crackling.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i crackle under heat. \Bdecrepitation\b \K/-"teIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3probably modern Latin \Idecrepitare,\i from \J\Xde-\x\j + Latin \Icrepitare\i 'crackle'\c
<hw>decrescent</hw> \K/dI"krEs(\F'\n)nt/\k \Iadj.\i (usu. of the moon) waning, decreasing. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idecrescere:\i see \J\Xdecrease\x\j\c
<hw>decretal</hw> \K/dI"kri:t(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\IEccl\i\p\B1\b a papal decree.\p\B2\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i a collection of these, forming part of canon law. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via medieval Latin \Idecretale\i from Late Latin \I(epistola)\i \Idecretalis\i '(letter) of decree', from Latin \Idecernere:\i see \J\Xdecree\x\j\c
<hw>decriminalize</hw> \K/di:"krImIn(\F'\n)lVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b \ILaw\i cease to treat (an action etc.) as criminal. \Bdecriminalization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>decry</hw> \K/dI"krVI/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(-ies,\b \B-ied)\b disparage, belittle. \Bdecrier\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3suggested by French \IdΘcrier:\i cf. \Icry down\i\c
<hw>decrypt</hw> \K/di:"krIpt/\k \Iv.tr.\i decipher (a cryptogram), with or without knowledge of its key. \Bdecryption\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xde-\x\j + \J\Xcryptogram\x\j\c
<hw>decumbent</hw> \K/dI"kVmb(\F'\n)nt/\k \Iadj.\i \IAnat\i \IBot.\i & \IZool.\i (of a plant, shoot, or bristles) lying along the ground or a surface. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idecumbere decumbent-\i 'lie down'\c
<hw>decurve</hw> \K/di:"k\F'\n:v/\k \Iv.tr. & intr.\i \IZool.\i & \IBot.\i (esp. as \Bdecurved\b \Iadj.)\i curve or bend down \3(a decurved bill).\c \Bdecurvature\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>decussate</hw> \Iadj. & v.\i \Iadj.\i \K/dI"kVs\F'\nt/\k\p\B1\b X-shaped.\p\B2\b \IBot.\i with pairs of opposite leaves etc. each at right angles to the pair below. \Iv.tr. & intr.\i \K/dI"kVseIt/, /"dEk\F'\nseIt/\k\p\B1\b arrange or be arranged in a decussate form.\p\B2\b intersect. \Bdecussation\b \K/-"seIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idecussatus,\i past part. of \Idecussare\i 'divide in a cross shape', via \Idecussis,\i = the numeral ten or the shape X, from \Idecem\i 'ten'\c
<hw>dedans</hw> \K/d\F'\n"da~/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITennis\i\p\B1\b (in real tennis) the open gallery at the end of the service side of a court.\p\B2\b the spectators watching from this gallery. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = inside\c
<hw>dedicate</hw> \K/"dEdIkeIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \I(foll. by \Bto)\b\i devote (esp. oneself) to a special task or purpose.\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bto)\b\i address (a book, piece of music, etc.) as a compliment to a friend, patron, etc.\p\B3\b \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i \IEccl\i devote (a building etc.) to a deity or a sacred person or purpose.\p\B4\b (as \Bdedicated\b \Iadj.)\i \Ba\b (of a person) devoted to an aim or vocation; having single-minded loyalty or integrity. \Bb\b \IComputing\i (of equipment, esp. a computer) designed for a specific purpose. \Bdedicatedly\b \Iadv.\i\K-ly new f. corpus Sep 93\k \Bdedicatee\b \K/-k\F'\n"ti:/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bdedicative\b \Iadj.\i \Bdedicator\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdedicatory\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idedicare\i \J(\Xde-\x,\j \Idicare\i 'declare, dedicate')\c
<hw>dedication</hw> \K/dEdI"keIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IEccl\i the act or an instance of dedicating; the process or quality of being dedicated.\p\B2\b the words with which a book etc. is dedicated.\p\B3\b a dedicatory inscription. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Idedicacion\i or Latin \Idedicatio\i (as \J\Xdedicate\x)\j\c
<hw>deduce</hw> \K/dI"dju:s/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bfrom)\b\i \ILogic\i infer; draw as a logical conclusion.\p\B2\b \Iarchaic\i trace the course or derivation of. \Bdeducible\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ideducere\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Iducere duct-\i 'lead')\c
<hw>deduct</hw> \K/dI"dVkt/\k \Iv.tr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bfrom)\b\i \ICommerce\i subtract, take away, withhold (an amount, portion, etc.). \BEtymology:\b \3Latin (as \J\Xdeduce\x)\j\c
<hw>deductible</hw> \K/dI"dVktIb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i \ICommerce\i that may be deducted, esp. from tax to be paid or taxable income.\p\In.\i\p\BUS\b \IInsurance\i = \J\Xexcess\x\p\In.\i\p6.\j \Bdeductibility\b \K/-"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>deduction</hw> \K/dI"dVkS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the act of deducting. \Bb\b an amount deducted.\p\B2\b \ILogic\i \Ba\b the inferring of particular instances from a general law \I(cf.\i \J\Xinduction\x).\j \Bb\b a conclusion deduced. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ideduction\i or Latin \Ideductio\i (as \J\Xdeduce\x)\j\c
<hw>deductive</hw> \K/dI"dVktIv/\k \Iadj.\i \ILogic\i of or reasoning by deduction. \Bdeductively\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Ideductivus\i (as \J\Xdeduce\x)\j\c
<hw>dee</hw> \K/di:/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the letter D.\p\B2\b \Ba\b a thing shaped like this. \Bb\b \IPhysics\i either of two hollow semicircular electrodes in a cyclotron. \BEtymology:\b \3the name of the letter\c
<hw>deed</hw> \K/di:d/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a thing done intentionally or consciously.\p\B2\b a brave, skilful, or conspicuous act.\p\B3\b actual fact or performance \3(kind in word and deed;\c \2in deed and not in name).\c\p\B4\b \ILaw\i a written or printed document often used for a legal transfer of ownership and bearing the disposer's signature. \Iv.tr.\i \BUS\b convey or transfer by legal deed. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ided,\i from Germanic: related to \J\Xdo\x (1)\j\c
<hw>deed-box</hw>\p\In.\i\pa strongbox for keeping deeds and other documents.
<hw>deed of covenant</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ILaw\i an agreement to pay a specified amount regularly to a charity etc., enabling the recipient to recover the tax paid by the donor on an equivalent amount of income.
<hw>deed poll</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Besp. Brit.\b \ILaw\i a deed made and executed by one party only, esp. to change one's name (the paper being polled or cut even, not indented).
<hw>deejay</hw> \K/di:"dZeI/, /"di:dZeI/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMus\i \Icolloq.\i a disc jockey. \BEtymology:\b \3representing the pronunciation of \IDJ\i\c
<hw>deem</hw> \K/di:m/\k \Iv.tr.\i \Iformal\i regard, consider, judge \3(deem it my duty;\c \2was deemed sufficient).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ideman,\i from Germanic, related to \J\Xdoom\x\j\c
<hw>deemster</hw> \K/"di:mst\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i a judge in the Isle of Man. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xdeem\x\j + \J\X-ster\x\j\c
<hw>deep</hw> \K/di:p/\k \Iadj., n., & adv.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b extending far down from the top \3(deep hole;\c \2deep water).\c \Bb\b extending far in from the surface or edge \3(deep wound;\c \2deep plunge;\c \2deep shelf;\c \2deep border).\c\p\B2\b \I\B(predic.)\b\i \Ba\b extending to or lying at a specified depth \3(water six feet deep;\c \2ankle-deep in mud).\c \Bb\b in a specified number of ranks one behind another \3(soldiers drawn up six deep).\c\p\B3\b situated far down or back or in \3(hands deep in his pockets).\c\p\B4\b coming or brought from far down or in \3(deep breath;\c \2deep sigh).\c\p\B5\b low-pitched, full-toned, not shrill \3(deep voice;\c \2deep note;\c \2deep bell).\c\p\B6\b intense, vivid, extreme \3(deep disgrace;\c \2deep sleep;\c \2deep colour;\c \2deep secret).\c\p\B7\b heartfelt, absorbing \3(deep affection;\c \2deep feelings;\c \2deep interest).\c\p\B8\b \I\B(predic.)\b\i fully absorbed or overwhelmed \3(deep in a book;\c \2deep in debt).\c\p\B9\b profound, penetrating, not superficial; difficult to understand \3(deep thinker;\c \2deep thought;\c \2deep insight;\c \2deep learning).\c\p\B10\b \ICricket\i distant from the batsman \3(deep mid-off).\c\p\B11\b \IFootball\i distant from the front line of one's team.\p\B12\b \Icolloq.\i cunning or secretive \3(a deep one).\c\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \I(prec. by \Bthe)\b\i \INaut\i \Ipoet.\i the sea.\p\B2\b a deep part of the sea.\p\B3\b an abyss, pit, or cavity.\p\B4\b \I(prec. by \Bthe)\b\i \ICricket\i the position of a fielder distant from the batsman.\p\B5\b a deep state \3(deep of the night).\c\p\B6\b \Ipoet.\i a mysterious region of thought or feeling. \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b deeply; far down or in \3(dig deep;\c \2read deep into the night).\c\p\B2\b \ISport\i distant from the batsman or other focus of play.\Ksense 2 new f. F. Abate, Nov 94\k\p\1go off (or go in off) the deep end\c \Icolloq.\i give way to anger or emotion.\p\1in deep water\c (or \Bwaters)\b in trouble or difficulty.\p\1jump (or be thrown) in at the deep end\c face a difficult problem, undertaking, etc., with little experience of it. \Bdeeply\b \Iadv.\i \Bdeepness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ideop\i \I(adj.),\i \Idiope,\i \Ideope\i \I(adv.),\i from Germanic: related to \J\Xdip\x\j\c
<hw>deep breathing</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ISport\i breathing with long breaths, esp. as a form of exercise.
<hw>deep-drawn</hw> \Iadj.\i \IMetallurgy\i (of metal etc.) shaped by forcing through a die when cold.
<hw>deepen</hw> \K/"di:p(\F'\n)n/\k \Iv.tr. & intr.\i make or become deep or deeper.
<hw>deep-freeze</hw> \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a refrigerator in which food can be quickly frozen and kept for long periods at a very low temperature.\p\B2\b a suspension of activity. \Iv.tr.\i \B(-froze,\b \B-frozen)\b freeze or store (food) in a deep-freeze.
<hw>deep-fry</hw> \Iv.tr.\i \B(-fries,\b \B-fried)\b \ICookery\i fry (food) in an amount of fat or oil sufficient to cover it.
<hw>deep kiss</hw>\p\In.\i\pa kiss with contact between tongues.
<hw>deep-laid</hw> \Iadj.\i (of a scheme) secret and elaborate.
<hw>deep mourning</hw>\p\In.\i\pmourning expressed by wearing only black clothes.
<hw>deep-mouthed</hw> \Iadj.\i (esp. of a dog) having a deep voice.
<hw>deep-rooted</hw> \Iadj.\i (esp. of convictions) firmly established.
<hw>deep sea</hw>\p\In.\i\p\INaut\i the deeper parts of the ocean \I(often hyphenated when \Battrib.:\b\i \2deep-sea diving).\c
<hw>Deep South</hw>\p\In.\i\pthe south-eastern region of the US regarded as embodying traditional southern culture and traditions.\Kdefinition new f. F. Abate Nov 94\k
<hw>deep space</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAstron\i the regions beyond the solar system or the earth's atmosphere.
<hw>deep therapy</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i curative treatment with short-wave X-rays of high penetrating power.
<hw>deer</hw> \K/dI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i same) \IZool\i any hoofed grazing or browsing animal of the family Cervidae, the males of which usu. have deciduous branching antlers. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ideor\i 'animal, deer'\c
<hw>deer fly</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i any bloodsucking fly of the genus \IChrysops.\i
<hw>deer forest</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAgriculture\i an extensive area of wild land reserved for the stalking of deer.
<hw>deerhound</hw> \K/"dI\F'\nhaUnd/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a large rough-haired greyhound.
<hw>deer-lick</hw>\p\In.\i\pa spring or damp spot impregnated with salt etc. where deer come to lick.
<hw>deer mouse</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a mouse of the American genus \IPeromyscus,\i esp. P. maniculatus.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Jan 94\k
<hw>deerskin</hw> \K/"dI\F'\nskIn/\k \In. & adj.\i \ILeather\i\p\In.\i\pleather from a deer's skin. \Iadj.\i made from a deer's skin.
<hw>deerstalker</hw> \K/"dI\F'\nstO:k\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IClothing\i a soft cloth cap with peaks in front and behind and ear-flaps often joined at the top.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b a person who stalks deer.
<hw>de-escalate</hw> \K/di:"Esk\F'\nleIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i reduce the level or intensity of. \Bde-escalation\b \K/-"leIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>def</hw> \K/dEf/\k \Iadj.\i \Besp US\b \Islang\i excellent.\Knew in COD9 f. POD Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3corruption of \J\Xdeath\x\j or shortened from \J\Xdefinitive\x\j\c
<hw>deface</hw> \K/dI"feIs/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b spoil the appearance of; disfigure.\p\B2\b make illegible. \Bdefaceable\b \Iadj.\i \Bdefacement\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdefacer\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via French \IdΘfacer\i from Old French \Idesfacier\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \J\Xface\x)\j\c
<hw>de facto</hw> \K/deI "fakt\F'\nU/, /di:/\k \Iadv. & adj.\i \ILaw\i \Iadv.\i in fact, whether by right or not. \Iadj.\i that exists or is such in fact \3(a de facto ruler).\c\Knoun omitted Dec 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Latin\c
<hw>defalcate</hw> \K/"di:falkeIt/\k \Iv.intr.\i \ILaw\i \Iformal\i misappropriate property in one's charge, esp. money. \Bdefalcator\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Idefalcare\i 'lop' (as \J\Xde-\x,\j Latin \Ifalx -cis\i 'sickle')\c
<hw>defalcation</hw> \K/di:fal"keIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Iformal\i\p\B1\b \ILaw\i \Ba\b a misappropriation of money. \Bb\b an amount misappropriated.\p\B2\b a shortcoming.\p\B3\b defection. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from medieval Latin \Idefalcatio\i (as \J\Xdefalcate\x)\j\c
<hw>defame</hw> \K/dI"feIm/\k \Iv.tr.\i attack the good reputation of; speak ill of. \Bdefamation\b \K/dEf\F'\n"meIS(\F'\n)n/, /di:f-/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bdefamatory\b \K/dI"fam\F'\nt(\F'\n)ri/\k \Iadj.\i \Bdefamer\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Idiffamer\i etc. from Latin \Idiffamare\i 'spread evil report' (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \Ifama\i 'report')\c
<hw>defat</hw> \K/di:"fat/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(defatted,\b \Bdefatting)\b remove fat or fats from.
<hw>default</hw> \K/dI"fO:lt/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ILaw\i failure to fulfil an obligation, esp. to pay money, appear in a law court, etc.\p\B2\b lack, absence.\p\B3\b \IComputing\i a pre-selected option adopted by a computer program when no alternative is specified by the user or programmer.\p\Iv.\i\p\ILaw\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i fail to fulfil an obligation, esp. to pay money or to appear in a law court.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i declare (a party) in default and give judgement against that party.\p\1by default\c\p\B1\b because of inaction.\p\B2\b because of a lack of opposition.\Knew f. POD8, SOED, Incomings Sep 93\k\p\1go by default\c fail by default.\p\1in default of\c because of the absence of.\Kjudgement by default, win by default omitted Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Idefaut(e),\i from \Idefaillir\i 'fail', from Romanic (as \J\Xde-\x,\j Latin \Ifallere\i 'deceive'): cf. \J\Xfail\x\j\c
<hw>defaulter</hw> \K/dI"fO:lt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i a person who defaults, \Besp. Brit.\b a soldier guilty of a military offence.
<hw>defeasance</hw> \K/dI"fi:z(\F'\n)ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i the act or process of rendering null and void. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Idefesance,\i from \Ide(s)faire\i 'undo' (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Ifaire\i 'make' from Latin \Ifacere)\i\c
<hw>defeasible</hw> \K/dI"fi:zIb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \ILaw\i\p\B1\b capable of annulment.\p\B2\b liable to forfeiture. \Bdefeasibility\b \K/-"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bdefeasibly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Anglo-French (as \J\Xdefeasance\x)\j\c
<hw>defeat</hw> \K/dI"fi:t/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b overcome in a battle or other contest.\p\B2\b frustrate, baffle.\p\B3\b reject (a motion etc.) by voting.\p\B4\b \ILaw\i annul.\p\In.\i\pthe act or an instance of defeating or being defeated. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ideffait,\i \Idesfait,\i past part. of \Idesfaire,\i from medieval Latin \Idisfacere\i (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j Latin \Ifacere\i 'do')\c
<hw>defeatism</hw> \K/dI"fi:tIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an excessive readiness to accept defeat.\p\B2\b conduct conducive to this. \Bdefeatist\b \In. & adj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \IdΘfaitisme\i from \IdΘfaite\i \J\Xdefeat\x\j\c
<hw>defecate</hw> \K/"dEfIkeIt/, /"di:f-/\k \Iv.intr.\i discharge faeces from the body. \Bdefecation\b \K/-"keIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3earlier as \Iadj.,\i = purified, from Latin \Idefaecare\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Ifaex faecis\i 'dregs')\c
<hw>defect</hw> \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\K/"di:fEkt/, /dI"fEkt/\k\p\B1\b lack of something essential or required; imperfection.\p\B2\b a shortcoming or failing.\p\B3\b a blemish.\p\B4\b the amount by which a thing falls short. \Iv.intr.\i \K/dI"fEkt/\k\IPolit\i abandon one's country, cause, etc. in favour of another. \Bdefector\b\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idefectus\i from \Ideficere\i 'desert, fail' (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Ifacere\i 'do')\c
<hw>defection</hw> \K/dI"fEkS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i the abandonment of one's country, cause, etc. for another. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idefectio\i (as \J\Xdefect\x)\j\c
<hw>defective</hw> \K/dI"fEktIv/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b having a defect or defects; incomplete, imperfect, faulty.\p\B2\b \Iarchaic\i or \Ioffens.\i mentally handicapped.\p\B3\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bin)\b\i lacking, deficient.\p\B4\b \IGram.\i not having all the usual inflections.\p\In.\i\p\Iarchaic\i or \Ioffens.\i a mentally handicapped person. \Bdefectively\b \Iadv.\i \Bdefectiveness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Idefectif -ive\i or Late Latin \Idefectivus\i (as \J\Xdefect\x)\j\c
<hw>defence</hw> \K/dI"fEns/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Bdefense)\b\p\B1\b the act of defending from or resisting attack.\p\B2\b \Ba\b a means of resisting attack. \Bb\b a thing that protects. \Bc\b \IMil\i the military resources of a country.\p\B3\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \IMil\i fortifications.\p\B4\b \Ba\b justification, vindication. \Bb\b a speech or piece of writing used to this end.\p\B5\b \ILaw\i \Ba\b the defendant's case in a lawsuit. \Bb\b the counsel for the defendant.\p\B6\b \ISport\i \Ba\b the action or role of defending one's goal etc. against attack. \Bb\b the players in a team who perform this role. \Bdefenceless\b \Iadj.\i \Bdefencelessly\b \Iadv.\i \Bdefencelessness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Idefens(e)\i from Late Latin \Idefensum,\i \I-a,\i past part. of \Idefendere:\i see \J\Xdefend\x\j\c
<hw>defenceman</hw> \K/dI"fEnsm\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Bdefenseman)\b \I(pl.\i \B-men)\b \ISport\i (in ice hockey and lacrosse) a player in a defensive position.\Knew f. OERD Sept 94\k
<hw>defence mechanism</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMed\i the body's reaction against disease organisms.\p\B2\b \IPsychol\i a usu. unconscious mental process to avoid conscious conflict or anxiety.
<hw>defend</hw> \K/dI"fEnd/\k \Iv.tr.\i \I(also \Babsol.)\b\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bagainst,\b \Bfrom)\b\i resist an attack made on; protect (a person or thing) from harm or danger.\p\B2\b support or uphold by argument; speak or write in favour of.\p\B3\b \ILaw\i conduct the case for (a defendant in a lawsuit).\p\B4\b \ISport\i compete to retain (a title) in a contest.\Knew f. POD8 Sep 93\k\p\B5\b \Iabsol.\i (in various sports and games) try to prevent the opposition scoring goals, points, etc.; resist attacks.\Knew f. OERD Sept 94\k \Bdefendable\b \Iadj.\i \Bdefender\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Idefendre\i from Latin \Idefendere:\i cf. \J\Xoffend\x\j\c
<hw>defendant</hw> \K/dI"fEnd(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i a person etc. sued or accused in a court of law. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French, part. of \Idefendre:\i see \J\Xdefend\x\j\c
<hw>defenestration</hw> \K/%di:fEnI"streIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Iformal\i or \Ijoc.\i the action of throwing (esp. a person) out of a window. \Bdefenestrate\b \K/di:"fEnIstreIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \Idefenestratio\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j Latin \Ifenestra\i 'window')\c
<hw>defenseman</hw> \BUS\b \Ivar. of\i \J\Xdefenceman\x.\j\Knew f. OERD Dec 94\k
<hw>defensible</hw> \K/dI"fEnsIb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b justifiable; supportable by argument.\p\B2\b \IMil\i that can be easily defended militarily. \Bdefensibility\b \K/-"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bdefensibly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Late Latin \Idefensibilis\i (as \J\Xdefend\x)\j\c
<hw>defensive</hw> \K/dI"fEnsIv/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IMil Sport\i done or intended for defence or to defend.\p\B2\b (of a person or attitude) concerned to challenge criticism.\p\1on the defensive\c\p\B1\b expecting criticism.\p\B2\b \IMil\i in an attitude or position of defence. \Bdefensively\b \Iadv.\i \Bdefensiveness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via French \IdΘfensif -ive\i from medieval Latin \Idefensivus\i (as \J\Xdefend\x)\j\c
<hw>defensive end</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAmer. Football\i either of the two defensive players who line up next to the nose tackle.\Knew f. OERD Sept 94\k
<hw>defer (1)</hw> \K/dI"f\F'\n:/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(deferred,\b \Bdeferring)\b\p\B1\b put off to a later time; postpone.\p\B2\b \BUS\b \IMil\i postpone the conscription of (a person). \Bdeferment\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdeferrable\b \Iadj.\i \Bdeferral\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, originally the same as \J\Xdiffer\x\j\c
<hw>defer (2)</hw> \K/dI"f\F'\n:/\k \Iv.intr.\i \B(deferred,\b \Bdeferring)\b \I(foll. by \Bto)\b\i yield or make concessions in opinion or action. \Bdeferrer\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via French \IdΘfΘrer\i from Latin \Ideferre\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Iferre\i 'bring')\c
<hw>deference</hw> \K/"dEf(\F'\n)r(\F'\n)ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b courteous regard, respect.\p\B2\b compliance with the advice or wishes of another \3(pay deference to).\c\p\1in deference to\c out of respect for. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IdΘfΘrence\i (as \J\Xdefer\x (2))\j\c
<hw>deferred payment</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i payment by instalments.
<hw>defiance</hw> \K/dI"fVI\F'\nns/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b open disobedience; bold resistance.\p\B2\b a challenge to fight or maintain a cause, assertion, etc.\p\1in defiance of\c disregarding; in conflict with. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French (as \J\Xdefy\x)\j\c
<hw>defibrillation</hw> \K/%di:fIbrI"leIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed.\i the stopping of the fibrillation of the heart. \Bdefibrillator\b \K/di:"fIbrIleIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>deficiency</hw> \K/dI"fIS(\F'\n)nsi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b the state or condition of being deficient.\p\B2\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bof)\b\i a lack or shortage.\p\B3\b a thing lacking.\p\B4\b the amount by which a thing, esp. revenue, falls short.
<hw>deficiency disease</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a disease caused by the lack of some essential or important element in the diet.
<hw>deficient</hw> \K/dI"fIS(\F'\n)nt/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bin)\b\i incomplete; not having enough of a specified quality or ingredient.\p\B2\b insufficient in quantity, force, etc.\p\B3\b (in full \Bmentally deficient)\b \IMed\i \Iarchaic\i or \Ioffens.\i having a mental handicap. \Bdeficiently\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ideficiens,\i part. of \Ideficere\i (as \J\Xdefect\x)\j\c
<hw>deficit</hw> \K/"dEfIsIt/, /"di:-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the amount by which a thing (esp. a sum of money) is too small.\p\B2\b \IEcon\i an excess of liabilities over assets in a given period, esp. a financial year \I(opp.\i \J\Xsurplus\x\p\In.\i\p2a).\j \BEtymology:\b \3French \IdΘficit\i from Latin \Ideficit,\i 3rd sing. present of \Ideficere\i (as \J\Xdefect\x)\j\c
<hw>deficit financing</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IEcon\i financing of (esp. state) spending by borrowing.
<hw>deficit spending</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IEcon\i spending (esp. by the State), financed by borrowing.
<hw>defier</hw> \K/dI"fVI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pa person who defies.
<hw>defilade</hw> \K/dEfI"leId/\k \Iv. & n.\i \IMil\i \Iv.tr.\i secure (a fortification) against enfilading fire.\p\In.\i\pthis precaution or arrangement. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xdefile\x (2)\j + \J\X-ade\x (1)\j\c
<hw>defile (1)</hw> \K/dI"fVIl/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b make dirty; pollute, befoul.\p\B2\b corrupt.\p\B3\b desecrate, profane.\p\B4\b \Ieuphem.\i deprive (esp. a woman) of virginity; rape.\p\B5\b make ceremonially unclean. \Bdefilement\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdefiler\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English \Idefoul\i from Old French \Idefouler\i 'trample down, outrage' (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Ifouler\i 'tread, trample'), influenced by obsolete \Ibefile\i from Old English \Ibefylan\i \J(\Xbe-\x,\j \Iful\i \J\Xfoul\x)\j\c
<hw>defile (2)</hw> \K/dI"fVIl/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\Kalso /"di:fVIl/\k\p\B1\b \IMil\i a narrow way through which troops can march only in file.\p\B2\b a gorge. \Iv.intr.\i \IMil\i march in file. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IdΘfiler\i and \IdΘfilΘ,\i past part. (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \J\Xfile\x (2))\j\c
<hw>define</hw> \K/dI"fVIn/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b give the exact meaning of (a word etc.).\p\B2\b describe or explain the scope of \3(define one's position).\c\p\B3\b make clear, esp. in outline \3(well-defined image).\c\p\B4\b mark out the boundary or limits of.\p\B5\b (of properties) make up the total character of. \Bdefinable\b \Iadj.\i \Bdefiner\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Idefiner,\i ultimately from Latin \Idefinire\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Ifinire\i 'finish', from \Ifinis\i 'end')\c
<hw>definite</hw> \K/"dEfInIt/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b having exact and discernible limits.\p\B2\b clear and distinct; not vague.\p\B3\b certain, sure \3(a definite offer;\c \2are you definite he was there?).\c\Ksense 3 new f. POD8 Sep 93\k\p\In.\i\pa definite thing, \Iesp. Gram.\i a noun denoting a definite thing or object.\Knoun new f. SOED, corpus Sep 93\k \Bdefiniteness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idefinitus,\i past part. of \Idefinire\i (as \J\Xdefine\x)\j\c See Usage Note at \J\Xdefinitive\x.\j
<hw>definite article</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IGram.\i the word \I(the\i in English) preceding a noun and implying a specific or known instance (as in \Ithe book on the table;\i \Ithe art of government;\i \Ithe famous public school in Berkshire).\i
<hw>definite integral</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMath.\i an integral expressed as the difference between the values of the integral at specified upper and lower limits of the independent variable.
<hw>definitely</hw> \K/"dEfInItli/\k \Iadv. & int.\i \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b in a definite manner.\p\B2\b certainly; without doubt \3(they were definitely there).\c \Iint.\i \Icolloq.\i yes, certainly.
<hw>definition</hw> \K/dEfI"nIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the act or process of defining. \Bb\b a statement of the meaning of a word or the nature of a thing.\p\B2\b \IOptics\i \Ba\b the degree of distinctness in outline of an object or image (esp. of an image produced by a lens or shown in a photograph or on a cinema or television screen). \Bb\b making or being distinct in outline. \Bdefinitional\b \Iadj.\i \Bdefinitionally\b \Iadv.\i\K-al, -ally new f. corpus Nov 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Idefinitio\i (as \J\Xdefine\x)\j\c
<hw>definitive</hw> \K/dI"fInItIv/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b (of an answer, treaty, verdict, etc.) decisive, unconditional, final.\p\B2\b (of an edition of a book etc.) most authoritative.\p\B3\b \IPhilately\i (of a postage stamp) for permanent use, not special or commemorative etc.\p\In.\i\p\IPhilately\i a definitive postage stamp.\Knoun new f. corpus, SOED Apr 94\k \Bdefinitively\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Idefinitif -ive\i from Latin \Idefinitivus\i (as \J\Xdefine\x)\j\c In sense 1, \Idefinitive\i is often confused with \Idefinite,\i which does not have connotations of authority and conclusiveness: \Ia definite no\i is a firm refusal, whereas \Ia definitive no\i is an authoritative judgement or decision that something is not the case.
<hw>deflate</hw> \K/dI"fleIt/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \Itr.\i let air or gas out of (a tyre, balloon, etc.). \Bb\b \Iintr.\i be emptied of air or gas.\p\B2\b \Ba\b \Itr.\i cause to lose confidence or conceit. \Bb\b \Iintr.\i lose confidence.\p\B3\b \IEcon.\i \Ba\b \Itr.\i subject (a currency or economy) to deflation. \Bb\b \Iintr.\i pursue a policy of deflation.\p\B4\b \Itr.\i reduce the importance of, depreciate. \Bdeflator\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xde-\x\j + \J\Xinflate\x\j\c
<hw>deflation</hw> \K/dI"fleIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or process of deflating or being deflated.\p\B2\b \IEcon.\i reduction of the amount of money in circulation to increase its value as a measure against inflation.\p\B3\b \IGeol.\i the removal of particles of rock etc. by the wind. \Bdeflationary\b \Iadj.\i \Bdeflationist\b \In. & adj.\i\K-ist adj. new f. OERD Oct 94\k
<hw>deflect</hw> \K/dI"flEkt/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr. & intr.\i bend or turn aside from a straight course or intended purpose.\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Bfrom)\b\i \Ba\b \Itr.\i cause to deviate. \Bb\b \Iintr.\i deviate. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ideflectere\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Iflectere flex-\i 'bend')\c
<hw>deflection</hw> \K/dI"flEkS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bdeflexion)\b\p\B1\b the act or process of deflecting or being deflected.\p\B2\b a lateral bend or turn; a deviation.\p\B3\b \IPhysics\i the displacement of a pointer on an instrument from its zero position. \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Ideflexio\i (as \J\Xdeflect\x)\j\c
<hw>deflector</hw> \K/dI"flEkt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pa thing that deflects, esp. a device for deflecting a flow of air etc.
<hw>defloration</hw> \K/di:flO:"reIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\pdeflowering. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French or from Late Latin \Idefloratio\i (as \J\Xdeflower\x)\j\c
<hw>deflower</hw> \K/di:"flaU\F'\n/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b deprive (esp. a woman) of virginity.\p\B2\b ravage, spoil.\p\B3\b strip of flowers. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ideflourer,\i \Ides-,\i ultimately from Late Latin \Ideflorare\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j Latin \Iflos floris\i 'flower')\c
<hw>defocus</hw> \K/di:"f\F'\nUk\F'\ns/\k \Iv.tr. & intr.\i \B(defocused,\b \Bdefocusing\b or \Bdefocussed,\b \Bdefocussing)\b put or go out of focus.
<hw>defoliate</hw> \K/di:"f\F'\nUlIeIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i \IMil\i remove leaves from, esp. as a military tactic. \Bdefoliant\b \In. & adj.\i \Bdefoliation\b \K/-"eIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bdefoliator\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Idefoliare,\i from \Ifolium\i 'leaf'\c
<hw>deforest</hw> \K/di:"fQrIst/\k \Iv.tr.\i \IEcol\i clear of forests or trees. \Bdeforestation\b \K/-"steIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>deform</hw> \K/dI"fO:m/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i make ugly, deface.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i put out of shape, misshape.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i undergo deformation; be deformed. \Bdeformable\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ideformer\i etc. from medieval Latin \Idifformare,\i ultimately from Latin \Ideformare\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Iformare\i from \Iforma\i 'shape')\c
<hw>deformation</hw> \K/di:fO:"meIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b disfigurement.\p\B2\b \IPhysics\i \Ba\b \I(often foll. by \Bof)\b\i change in shape. \Bb\b a quantity representing the amount of this change.\p\B3\b an altered form of a word (e.g. \Idang\i for \Idamn).\i \Bdeformational\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ideformation\i or Latin \Ideformatio\i (as \J\Xdeform\x)\j\c
<hw>deformed</hw> \K/dI"fO:md/\k \Iadj.\i \IAnat\i (of a person or limb) misshapen.
<hw>deformity</hw> \K/dI"fO:mIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b the state of being deformed; ugliness, disfigurement.\p\B2\b \IAnat\i a malformation, esp. of body or limb.\p\B3\b a moral defect; depravity. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \IdeformitΘ\i etc. from Latin \Ideformitas -tatis,\i from \Ideformis\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Iforma\i 'shape')\c
<hw>defraud</hw> \K/dI"frO:d/\k \Iv.tr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bof)\b\i cheat by fraud. \Bdefrauder\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Idefrauder\i or Latin \Idefraudare\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \J\Xfraud\x)\j\c
<hw>defray</hw> \K/dI"freI/\k \Iv.tr.\i provide money to pay (a cost or expense). \Bdefrayable\b \Iadj.\i \Bdefrayal\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdefrayment\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \IdΘfrayer\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j obsolete \Ifrai(t)\i 'cost', from medieval Latin \Ifredum,\i \I-us\i 'fine for breach of the peace')\c
<hw>defrock</hw> \K/di:"frQk/\k \Iv.tr.\i \IEccl\i deprive (a person, esp. a priest) of ecclesiastical status. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IdΘfroquer\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \J\Xfrock\x)\j\c
<hw>defrost</hw> \K/di:"frQst/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b free (the interior of a refrigerator) of excess frost, usu. by turning it off for a period. \Bb\b remove frost or ice from (esp. the windscreen of a motor vehicle).\p\B2\b \Itr.\i unfreeze (frozen food).\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i become unfrozen. \Bdefroster\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>deft</hw> \K/dEft/\k \Iadj.\i neatly skilful or dexterous; adroit. \Bdeftly\b \Iadv.\i \Bdeftness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, variant of \J\Xdaft\x\j in obsolete sense 'meek'\c
<hw>defunct</hw> \K/dI"fVN(k)t/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b no longer existing.\p\B2\b no longer used or in fashion.\p\B3\b dead or extinct.\Kdefunctness omitted Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idefunctus\i 'dead', past part. of \Idefungi\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Ifungi\i 'perform')\c
<hw>defuse</hw> \K/di:"fju:z/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b remove the fuse from (an explosive device).\p\B2\b reduce the tension or potential danger in (a crisis, difficulty, etc.).
<hw>defy</hw> \K/dI"fVI/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(-ies,\b \B-ied)\b\p\B1\b resist openly; refuse to obey.\p\B2\b (of a thing) present insuperable obstacles to \3(defies solution).\c\p\B3\b \I(foll. by \Bto\b + infin.)\i challenge (a person) to do or prove something.\p\B4\b \Iarchaic\i challenge to combat. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Idefier\i from Romanic (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j Latin \Ifidus\i 'faithful')\c
<hw>deg.</hw> \Iabbr.\i \ISci\i degree.
<hw>dΘgagΘ</hw> \K/deI"gA:ZeI/\k \Iadj.\i \I(fem.\i \BdΘgagΘe)\b relaxed, unconcerned, unconstrained. \BEtymology:\b \3French, past part. of \IdΘgager\i 'set free'\c
<hw>degauss</hw> \K/di:"gaUs/\k \Iv.tr.\i \IPhysics Mil\i neutralize the magnetism in (a thing) by encircling it with a current-carrying conductor. \Bdegausser\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xde-\x\j + \J\Xgauss\x\j\c
<hw>degenerate</hw> \Iadj., n., & v.\i \Iadj.\i \K/dI"dZEn(\F'\n)r\F'\nt/\k\p\B1\b having lost the qualities that are normal and desirable or proper to its kind; fallen from former excellence.\p\B2\b \IBiol.\i having a simplified structure.\p\In.\i\p\K/dI"dZEn(\F'\n)r\F'\nt/\k a degenerate person or animal. \Iv.intr.\i \K/dI"dZEn\F'\nreIt/\k become degenerate. \Bdegeneracy\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdegenerately\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idegeneratus,\i past part. of \Idegenerare\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Igenus -eris\i 'race')\c
<hw>degeneration</hw> \K/dI%dZEn\F'\n"reIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the process of becoming degenerate. \Bb\b the state of being degenerate.\p\B2\b \IMed.\i morbid deterioration of tissue or change in its structure. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from French \IdΘgΘneration\i or from Late Latin \Idegeneratio\i (as \J\Xdegenerate\x)\j\c
<hw>degenerative</hw> \K/dI"dZEn(\F'\n)r\F'\ntIv/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of or tending to degeneration.\p\B2\b \IMed\i (of disease) characterized by progressive often irreversible deterioration.
<hw>degrade</hw> \K/dI"greId/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i reduce to a lower rank, esp. as a punishment.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i bring into dishonour or contempt.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i lower in character or quality; debase \3(degraded water quality).\c\Ksense 3 new f. OERD, NSOED, incomings Jun 94\k\p\B4\b \Itr.\i \IChem.\i reduce to a simpler molecular structure.\p\B5\b \Itr.\i \IPhysics\i reduce (energy) to a less convertible form.\p\B6\b \Itr.\i \IGeol.\i wear down (rocks etc.) by disintegration.\p\B7\b \Iintr.\i degenerate.\p\B8\b \Iintr.\i \IChem.\i disintegrate. \Bdegradable\b \Iadj.\i \Bdegradability\b \K/-\F'\n"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\K-ability new f. corpus, Incomings Nov 93\k \Bdegradation\b \K/dEgr\F'\n"deIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bdegradative\b \K/-d\F'\ntIv/\k \Iadj.\i \Bdegrader\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Idegrader\i from ecclesiastical Latin \Idegradare\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j Latin \Igradus\i 'step')\c
<hw>degrading</hw> \K/dI"greIdIN/\k \Iadj.\i humiliating; causing a loss of self-respect. \Bdegradingly\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>degrease</hw> \K/di:"gri:s/\k \Iv.tr.\i remove unwanted grease or fat from. \Bdegreaser\b\p\In.\i\p\K-er new f. corpus Nov 93\k
<hw>degree</hw> \K/dI"gri:/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a stage in an ascending or descending scale, series, or process.\p\B2\b a stage in intensity or amount \3(to a high degree;\c \2in some degree).\c\p\B3\b relative condition \3(each is good in its degree).\c\p\B4\b \IMath.\i a unit of measurement of angles, one-ninetieth of a right angle or the angle subtended by one-three-hundred-and-sixtieth of the circumference of a circle (symbol ░ as in \I45\i░).\Ksymb\k\p\B5\b \IPhysics\i a unit in a scale of temperature, hardness, etc. (abbr.: \Bdeg.)\b (or omitted in the Kelvin scale of temperature).\Kabbr\k\p\B6\b \IMed.\i each of a set of grades (usu. three) used to classify burns according to their severity \I(often \Battrib.:\b\i \2third-degree burns).\c\p\B7\b \IEducation\i an academic rank conferred by a college or university after examination or after completion of a course, or conferred as an honour on a distinguished person.\p\B8\b \ILaw\i a grade of crime or criminality \3(murder in the first degree).\c\p\B9\b \IGenealogy\i a step in direct genealogical descent.\p\B10\b social or official rank.\p\B11\b \IMath.\i the highest power of unknowns or variables in an equation etc. \3(equation of the third degree).\c\p\B12\b a masonic rank.\p\B13\b a thing placed like a step in a series; a tier or row.\p\B14\b \IMus.\i the classification of a note by its position in the scale.\p\1by degrees\c a little at a time; gradually.\p\1to a degree\c \Icolloq.\i considerably. \Bdegreeless\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \IdegrΘ\i from Romanic (as \J\Xde-\x,\j Latin \Igradus\i 'step')\c
<hw>degree of freedom</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPhysics\i the independent direction in which motion can occur.\p\B2\b \IChem.\i the number of independent factors required to specify a system at equilibrium.\p\B3\b \IStatistics\i the number of independent values or quantities which can be assigned to a statistical distribution.
<hw>degrees of comparison</hw> \Isee\i \J\Xcomparison\x.\j
<hw>degressive</hw> \K/dI"grEsIv/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b (of taxation) at successively lower rates on low amounts.\p\B2\b reducing in amount. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idegredi\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Igradi\i 'walk')\c
\B\Ide haut en bas\b\i \K/d\F'\n %\F'\nUt Q~ "bA:/, French /d\F'\n ot A~ bA/\k \Iadv.\i in a condescending or superior manner. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = from above to below\c
<hw>dehisce</hw> \K/dI"hIs/\k \Iv.intr.\i \IBot Surgery\i gape or burst open (esp. of a pod or seed vessel or of a cut or wound). \Bdehiscence\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdehiscent\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idehiscere\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Ihiscere\i inceptive of \Ihiare\i 'gape')\c
<hw>dehorn</hw> \K/di:"hO:n/\k \Iv.tr.\i \IZool Agriculture\i remove the horns from (an animal).
<hw>dehumanize</hw> \K/di:"hju:m\F'\nnVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b\p\B1\b deprive of human characteristics.\p\B2\b make impersonal or machine-like. \Bdehumanization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>dehumidify</hw> \K/di:hju:"mIdIfVI/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(-ies,\b \B-ied)\b reduce the degree of humidity of; remove moisture from (a gas, esp. air). \Bdehumidification\b \K/-fI"keIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bdehumidifier\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>dehydrate</hw> \K/di:"hVIdreIt/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\IChem\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b remove water from (esp. foods for preservation and storage in bulk). \Bb\b make dry, esp. make (the body) deficient in water. \Bc\b render lifeless or uninteresting.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i lose water. \Bdehydration\b \K/-"dreIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bdehydrator\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>dehydrogenate</hw> \K/di:hVI"drQdZ\F'\nneIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i \IChem.\i remove a hydrogen atom or atoms from (a compound). \Bdehydrogenation\b \K/-"neIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>de-ice</hw> \K/di:"VIs/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b remove ice from.\p\B2\b prevent the formation of ice on.
<hw>de-icer</hw> \K/di:"VIs\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITransport\i a device or substance for de-icing, esp. a windscreen or ice on an aircraft.
<hw>deicide</hw> \K/"di:IsVId/, /"deII-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i\p\B1\b the killer of a god.\p\B2\b the killing of a god. \BEtymology:\b \3ecclesiastical Latin \Ideicida,\i from Latin \Ideus\i 'god' + \J\X-cide\x\j\c
<hw>deictic</hw> \K/"dVIktIk/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IPhilol.\i & \IGram.\i \Iadj.\i pointing, demonstrative.\p\In.\i\pa deictic word. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ideiktikos\i via \Ideiktos\i 'capable of proof' from \Ideiknumi\i 'show'\c
<hw>deify</hw> \K/"di:IfVI/, /"deII-/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(-ies,\b \B-ied)\b\p\B1\b make a god of.\p\B2\b regard or worship as a god. \Bdeification\b \K/-fI"keIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ideifier\i from ecclesiastical Latin \Ideificare,\i from \Ideus\i 'god'\c
<hw>deign</hw> \K/deIn/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bto\b + infin.)\i think fit, condescend.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \I(usu. with \Bneg.)\b\i \Iarchaic\i condescend to give (an answer etc.). \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Idegnier,\i \Ideigner,\i \Idaigner\i from Latin \Idignare,\i \I-ari\i 'deem worthy', from \Idignus\i 'worthy'\c
\B\IDei gratia\b\i \K/%deII "grA:tI\F'\n/, /-SI\F'\n/\k \Iadv.\i by the grace of God. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin\c
<hw>de-industrialization</hw> \K/%di:IndVstrI\F'\nlVI"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bde-industrialisation)\b \IIndustry Polit\i the process of removing industry from a place.\Knew f. corpus Nov 93\k
<hw>deinothere</hw> \K/"dVIn\F'\n(U)TI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bdinothere)\b \IZool\i an extinct elephant-like animal of the genus \IDeinotherium,\i having downward curving tusks. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \Idinotherium,\i from Greek \Ideinos\i 'terrible' + \Itherion\i 'wild beast'\c
<hw>deinstitutionalize</hw> \K/"di:InstI"tju:S(\F'\n)n(\F'\n)lVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b (usu. as \Bdeinstitutionalized\b \Iadj.)\i\p\B1\b \IMed Criminol\i remove from an institution or from the effects of institutional life.\p\B2\b make less institutional; reorganize on more individual lines.\Ksense 2 new f. OERD, corpus Jun 94\k \Bdeinstitutionalization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>deionize</hw> \K/di:"VI\F'\nnVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b \IChem\i remove the ions or ionic constituents from (water, air, etc.). \Bdeionization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bdeionizer\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>deism</hw> \K/"di:Iz(\F'\n)m/, /"deII-/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITheol\i belief in the existence of a supreme being arising from reason rather than revelation \I(cf.\i \J\Xtheism\x).\j \Bdeist\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdeistic\b \K/-"IstIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Bdeistical\b \K/-"IstIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ideus\i 'god' + \J\X-ism\x\j\c
<hw>deity</hw> \K/"di:Iti/, /"deII-/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b a god or goddess.\p\B2\b divine status, quality, or nature.\p\B3\b \B(the Deity)\b the Creator, God. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \IdeitΘ\i from ecclesiastical Latin \Ideitas -tatis,\i translation of Greek \Itheotes\i from \Itheos\i 'god'\c
<hw>dΘjα vu</hw> \K/deIZA: "vu:/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bdeja vu)\b\p\B1\b \IPsychol.\i an illusory feeling of having already experienced a present situation.\p\B2\b tedious familiarity. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = already seen\c
<hw>deject</hw> \K/dI"dZEkt/\k \Iv.tr.\i (usu. as \Bdejected\b \Iadj.)\i make sad or dispirited; depress. \Bdejectedly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Idejicere\i \J(\Xde-\x,\j \Ijacere\i 'throw')\c
<hw>dejection</hw> \K/dI"dZEkS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\pa dejected state; low spirits. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Idejectio\i (as \J\Xdeject\x)\j\c
<hw>dekko</hw> \K/"dEk\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b \BBrit.\b \Islang\i a look or glance \3(took a quick dekko).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Hindi \Idekho,\i imperative of \Idekhna\i 'look'\c
<hw>Del.</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IGeog\i Delaware.
<hw>delate</hw> \K/dI"leIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i \ICriminol\i \Iarchaic\i\p\B1\b inform against; impeach (a person).\p\B2\b report (an offence). \Bdelation\b \K/-"leIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bdelator\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idelat\i- (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Ilat-,\i past part. stem of \Iferre\i 'carry')\c
<hw>delay</hw> \K/dI"leI/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i postpone; defer.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i make late \3(was delayed at the traffic lights).\c\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i loiter; be late \3(don't delay!).\c\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or an instance of delaying; the process of being delayed.\p\B2\b time lost by inaction or the inability to proceed.\p\B3\b a hindrance. \Bdelayer\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Idelayer\i \I(v.),\i \Idelai\i \I(n.),\i probably from \Ides-\i \J\Xdis-\x\j + \Ilaier\i 'leave': see \J\Xrelay\x (1)\j\c
<hw>delayed action</hw>\p\In.\i\p\I(hyphenated when \Battrib.)\b\i the operation of something, esp. a bomb or camera, some time after being primed or set.
<hw>delaying action</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMil.\i an action fought to delay the advance of an enemy.\p\B2\b any action taken to delay an unwelcome event or process.\Knew f. News Sep 93\k
<hw>delay line</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IElectr.\i a device producing a desired delay in the transmission of a signal.
<hw>dele</hw> \K/"di:li/\k \Iv. & n.\i \IPrinting\i \Iv.tr.\i \B(deled,\b \Bdeleing)\b delete or mark for deletion (a letter, word, etc., struck out of a text).\p\In.\i\pa sign marking something to be deleted; a deletion. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, imperative of \Idelere:\i see \J\Xdelete\x\j\c
<hw>delectable</hw> \K/dI"lEkt\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \Iliterary\i or \Ijoc.\i delightful, lovely.\p\B2\b (of food) delicious.\Ksense 2 new f. OERD, incomings, NSOED Jun 94\k \Bdelectability\b \K/-"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bdelectably\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Idelectabilis,\i from \Idelectare\i \J\Xdelight\x\j\c
<hw>delectation</hw> \K/di:lEk"teIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Iliterary\i pleasure, enjoyment \3(sang for his delectation).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French (as \J\Xdelectable\x)\j\c
<hw>delegacy</hw> \K/"dElIg\F'\nsi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b a system of delegating.\p\B2\b \Ba\b an appointment as a delegate. \Bb\b a body of delegates; a delegation.
<hw>delegate</hw> \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\K/"dElIg\F'\nt/\k\p\B1\b an elected representative sent to a conference.\p\B2\b a member of a committee.\p\B3\b a member of a deputation. \Iv.tr.\i \K/"dElIgeIt/\k\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i \Ba\b commit (authority, power, etc.) to an agent or deputy. \Bb\b entrust (a task) to another person.\p\B2\b send or authorize (a person) as a representative; depute. \Bdelegable\b \K/"dElIg\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Bdelegator\b\p\In.\i\p\K-or new f. corpus, SOED Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Idelegatus\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Ilegare\i 'depute')\c
<hw>delegation</hw> \K/dElI"geIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a body of delegates; a deputation.\p\B2\b the act or process of delegating or being delegated. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idelegatio\i (as \J\Xdelegate\x)\j\c
<hw>delete</hw> \K/dI"li:t/\k \Iv.tr.\i \IPrinting\i remove or obliterate (written or printed matter), esp. by striking out. \Bdeletion\b \K/-"li:S(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idelere delet-\i 'efface'\c
<hw>deleterious</hw> \K/dElI"tI\F'\nrI\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i harmful (to the mind or body). \Bdeleteriously\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Ideleterius\i from Greek \Ideleterios\i 'noxious'\c
<hw>delft</hw> \K/dElft/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bdelftware\b \K/"dElftwE:/\k) \IPottery\i\p\B1\b glazed, usu. blue and white, earthenware, made in Delft in Holland.\p\B2\b similar earthenware made in England.\Ksense 2 new f. incomings, corpus, NSOED Jun 94\k
<hw>deli</hw> \K/"dEli/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bdelis)\b \IFood Commerce\i \Icolloq.\i = \J\Xdelicatessen\x.\j\Kx-ref made to include attrib. use Nov 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation\c
<hw>deliberate</hw> \Iadj. & v.\i \Iadj.\i \K/dI"lIb(\F'\n)r\F'\nt/\k\p\B1\b \Ba\b intentional \3(a deliberate foul).\c \Bb\b fully considered; not impulsive \3(made a deliberate choice).\c\p\B2\b slow in deciding; cautious \3(a ponderous and deliberate mind).\c\p\B3\b (of movement etc.) leisurely and unhurried.\p\Iv.\i\p\K/dI"lIb\F'\nreIt/\k\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i think carefully; take counsel \3(the jury deliberated for an hour).\c\p\B2\b \Itr.\i consider, discuss carefully \3(deliberated the question).\c \Bdeliberately\b \K/dI"lIb(\F'\n)r\F'\ntli/\k \Iadv.\i \Bdeliberateness\b \K/dI"lIb(\F'\n)r\F'\ntnIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bdeliberator\b \K/dI"lIb\F'\nreIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ideliberatus,\i past part. of \Ideliberare\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Ilibrare\i 'weigh' from \Ilibra\i 'balance')\c
<hw>deliberation</hw> \K/dI%lIb\F'\n"reIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b careful consideration.\p\B2\b \Ba\b the discussion of reasons for and against. \Bb\b a debate or discussion.\p\B3\b \Ba\b caution and care. \Bb\b (of movement) slowness or ponderousness. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Ideliberatio -onis\i (as \J\Xdeliberate\x)\j\c
<hw>deliberative</hw> \K/dI"lIb(\F'\n)r\F'\ntIv/\k \Iadj.\i of, or appointed for the purpose of, deliberation or debate \3(a deliberative assembly).\c \Bdeliberatively\b \Iadv.\i \Bdeliberativeness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \IdΘlibΘratif -ive\i or Latin \Ideliberativus\i (as \J\Xdeliberate\x)\j\c
<hw>delicacy</hw> \K/"dElIk\F'\nsi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b (esp. in craftsmanship or artistic or natural beauty) fineness or intricacy of structure or texture; gracefulness.\p\B2\b susceptibility to injury or disease; weakness.\p\B3\b the quality of requiring discretion or sensitivity \3(a situation of some delicacy).\c\p\B4\b a choice or expensive food.\p\B5\b \Ba\b consideration for the feelings of others. \Bb\b avoidance of immodesty or vulgarity.\p\B6\b (esp. in a person, a sense, or an instrument) accuracy of perception; sensitiveness. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, from \J\Xdelicate\x\j + \J\X-acy\x\j\c
<hw>delicate</hw> \K/"dElIk\F'\nt/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b fine in texture or structure; soft, slender, or slight. \Bb\b of intricate or exquisite quality or workmanship. \Bc\b (of colour) subtle or subdued; not bright. \Bd\b subtle, hard to appreciate.\p\B2\b (of a person) easily injured; susceptible to illness.\p\B3\b \Ba\b requiring sensitive or careful handling; tricky \3(a delicate situation).\c \Bb\b (of an instrument) highly sensitive.\p\B4\b deft \3(a delicate touch).\c\p\B5\b (of a person) avoiding the vulgar or offensive.\p\B6\b (esp. of actions) considerate.\p\B7\b (of food) dainty; suitable for an invalid.\p\1in a delicate condition\c \Iarchaic\i pregnant. \Bdelicately\b \Iadv.\i \Bdelicateness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Idelicat\i or Latin \Idelicatus,\i of unknown origin\c
<hw>delicatessen</hw> \K/%dElIk\F'\n"tEs(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFood\i\p\B1\b \ICommerce\i a shop selling cooked meats, cheeses, and unusual or foreign prepared foods.\p\B2\b \I(often \Battrib.)\b\i \IFood\i such foods collectively \3(a delicatessen counter).\c \BEtymology:\b \3German \IDelikatessen\i or Dutch \Idelicatessen\i from French \IdΘlicatesse,\i from \IdΘlicat\i (as \J\Xdelicate\x)\j\c
<hw>delicious</hw> \K/dI"lIS\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b highly delightful and enjoyable to the taste or sense of smell.\p\B2\b (of a joke etc.) very witty or much appreciated. \Bdeliciously\b \Iadv.\i \Bdeliciousness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French and Late Latin \Ideliciosus\i from Latin \Ideliciae\i 'delight'\c
<hw>delict</hw> \K/dI"lIkt/, /"di:lIkt/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i \Iarchaic\i a violation of the law; an offence. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idelictum,\i neut. past part. of \Idelinquere\i 'offend' (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Ilinquere\i 'leave')\c
<hw>delight</hw> \K/dI"lVIt/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bwith,\b or \Bthat\b + clause, or \Bto\b + infin.)\i please greatly \3(the gift delighted them;\c \2was delighted that you won;\c \2delighted with the result;\c \2am delighted to help).\c\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bin,\b or \Bto\b + infin.)\i take great pleasure; be highly pleased \3(delighted in her success;\c \2they delighted to help).\c\p\In.\i\p\B1\b great pleasure.\p\B2\b something giving pleasure \3(her singing is a delight).\c \Bdelighted\b \Iadj.\i \Bdelightedly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Idelitier,\i \Idelit,\i from Latin \Idelectare,\i frequentative of \Idelicere:\i spelling with \I-gh-\i influenced by \Ilight\i etc.\c
<hw>Delilah</hw> \K/dI"lVIl\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pa seductive and wily temptress. \BEtymology:\b \3\IDelilah,\i betrayer of Samson (Judges 16)\c
<hw>delimit</hw> \K/dI"lImIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(delimited,\b \Bdelimiting)\b\p\B1\b determine the limits of.\p\B2\b fix the territorial boundary of. \Bdelimitation\b \K/-"teIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bdelimiter\b\p\In.\i\p\K-er new f. SOED, corpus Sept 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3French \IdΘlimiter\i from Latin \Idelimitare\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Ilimitare\i from \Ilimes -itis\i 'boundary')\c
<hw>delineate</hw> \K/dI"lInIeIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i portray by drawing etc. or in words \3(delineated her character).\c \Bdelineation\b \K/-"eIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bdelineator\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idelineare delineat-\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Ilineare\i from \Ilinea\i 'line')\c
<hw>delinquency</hw> \K/dI"lINkw(\F'\n)nsi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \ICriminol\i \Ba\b minor crime in general, esp. that of young people \3(juvenile delinquency).\c \Bb\b a crime, usu. not of a serious kind; a misdeed.\p\B2\b wickedness \3(moral delinquency;\c \2an act of delinquency).\c\p\B3\b neglect of one's duty. \BEtymology:\b \3ecclesiastical Latin \Idelinquentia\i from Latin \Idelinquens,\i part. of \Idelinquere\i (as \J\Xdelict\x)\j\c
<hw>delinquent</hw> \K/dI"lINkw(\F'\n)nt/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\ICriminol\i an offender \3(juvenile delinquent).\c \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \ICriminol\i guilty of a minor crime or a misdeed.\p\B2\b failing in one's duty.\p\B3\b \BUS\b in arrears. \Bdelinquently\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>deliquesce</hw> \K/dElI"kwEs/\k \Iv.intr.\i\p\B1\b become liquid, melt.\p\B2\b \IChem.\i dissolve in water absorbed from the air. \Bdeliquescence\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdeliquescent\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ideliquescere\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Iliquescere,\i inceptive of \Iliquere\i 'be liquid')\c
<hw>delirious</hw> \K/dI"lIrI\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IMed\i affected with delirium; temporarily or apparently mad; raving.\p\B2\b wildly excited, ecstatic.\p\B3\b (of behaviour) betraying delirium or ecstasy. \Bdeliriously\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>delirium</hw> \K/dI"lIrI\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMed\i an acutely disordered state of mind involving incoherent speech, hallucinations, and frenzied excitement, occurring in metabolic disorders, intoxication, fever, etc.\p\B2\b great excitement, ecstasy. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, from \Idelirare\i 'be deranged' (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Ilira\i 'ridge between furrows')\c
<hw>delirium tremens</hw> \K/"tri:mEnz/, /"trE-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a psychosis of chronic alcoholism involving tremors and hallucinations. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = trembling delirium\c
<hw>deliver</hw> \K/dI"lIv\F'\n/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b distribute (letters, parcels, ordered goods, etc.) to the addressee or the purchaser. \Bb\b \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i hand over \3(delivered the boy safely to his teacher).\c\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Bfrom)\b\i save, rescue, or set free \3(delivered him from his enemies).\c\p\B3\b \Ba\b give birth to \3(delivered a girl).\c \Bb\b \I(in \Bpassive;\b\i \Ioften foll. by \Bof)\b\i give birth \3(was delivered of a child).\c \Bc\b assist at the birth of \3(delivered six babies that week).\c \Bd\b assist in giving birth \3(delivered the patient successfully).\c\p\B4\b \Ba\b \I(often \Brefl.)\b\i utter or recite (an opinion, a speech, etc.) \3(delivered himself of the observation;\c \2delivered the sermon well).\c \Bb\b (of a judge) pronounce (a judgement).\p\B5\b \I(often foll. by \Bup,\b \Bover)\b\i abandon; surrender; hand over \3(delivered his soul up to God).\c\p\B6\b present or render (an account).\p\B7\b launch or aim (a blow, a ball, or an attack).\p\B8\b \ILaw\i hand over formally (esp. a sealed deed to a grantee).\p\B9\b \I\B(absol.)\b\i \Icolloq.\i = \Ideliver the goods.\i\p\B10\b \BUS\b \IPolit\i cause (voters etc.) to support a candidate.\p\1deliver the goods\c \Icolloq.\i carry out one's part of an agreement. \Bdeliverable\b \Iadj. & n.\i \Bdeliverer\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Idelivrer\i from Gallo-Roman (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \J\Xliberate\x)\j\c
<hw>deliverance</hw> \K/dI"lIv(\F'\n)r(\F'\n)ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the act or an instance of rescuing; the process of being rescued. \Bb\b a rescue.\p\B2\b a formally expressed opinion. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Idelivrance\i (as \J\Xdeliver\x)\j\c
<hw>delivery</hw> \K/dI"lIv(\F'\n)ri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b the delivering of letters etc. \Bb\b a regular distribution of letters etc. \3(two deliveries a day).\c \Bc\b something delivered.\p\B2\b \Ba\b the process of childbirth. \Bb\b an act of this.\p\B3\b deliverance.\p\B4\b \Ba\b an act of pitching, esp. of a cricket ball. \Bb\b the style of such an act \3(a good delivery).\c\p\B5\b the act of giving or surrendering \3(delivery of the town to the enemy).\c\p\B6\b \Ba\b the uttering of a speech etc. \Bb\b the manner or style of such a delivery \3(a measured delivery).\c\p\B7\b \ILaw\i \Ba\b the formal handing over of property. \Bb\b the transfer of a deed to a grantee or a third party.\p\1take delivery of\c receive (something purchased). \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Anglo-French \Idelivree,\i fem. past part. of \Idelivrer\i (as \J\Xdeliver\x)\j\c
<hw>dell</hw> \K/dEl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeog\i a small usu. wooded hollow or valley. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English from Germanic\c
<hw>Della Cruscan</hw> \K/dEl\F'\n "krVsk\F'\nn/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of or relating to the Academy della Crusca in Florence, concerned with the purity of the Italian language.\p\B2\b of or concerning a late 18th-c. school of English poets with an artificial style.\p\In.\i\pa member of the Academy della Crusca or the late 18th-c. school of English poets. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian \I(Accademia)\i \Idella Crusca\i '(Academy) of the bran' (with reference to sifting)\c
<hw>delocalize</hw> \K/di:"l\F'\nUk(\F'\n)lVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b detach or remove (a thing) from its place. \Bb\b not limit to a particular location.\p\B2\b (as \Bdelocalized\b \Iadj.)\i \IChem.\i (of electrons) shared among more than two atoms in a molecule. \Bdelocalization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>delouse</hw> \K/di:"laUs/\k \Iv.tr.\i rid (a person or animal) of lice.
<hw>Delphic</hw> \K/"dElfIk/\k \Iadj.\i (also \BDelphian\b \K/-fI\F'\nn/\k)\p\B1\b (of an utterance, prophecy, etc.) obscure, ambiguous, or enigmatic.\p\B2\b of or concerning the ancient Greek oracle at Delphi.
<hw>delphinium</hw> \K/dEl"fInI\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bdelphiniums)\b \IBot\i any garden plant of the genus \IDelphinium\i (buttercup family), with tall spikes of usu. blue flowers. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from Greek \Idelphinion\i 'larkspur', from \Idelphin\i 'dolphin' (from the shape of the spur)\c
<hw>delphinoid</hw> \K/"dElfInOId/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IZool.\i of or relating to the cetacean division Delphinoidea, which includes dolphins, porpoises, grampuses, etc.\p\B2\b dolphin-like.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool.\i a member of the division Delphinoidea.\p\B2\b a dolphin-like animal. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Idelphinoeides\i from \Idelphin\i 'dolphin'\c
<hw>delta</hw> \K/"dElt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IGeog\i a triangular tract of deposited earth, alluvium, etc., at the mouth of a river, formed by its diverging outlets.\p\B2\b \Ba\b \ILinguistics\i the fourth letter of the Greek alphabet (\FD\n, \Fd\n). \Bb\b \BBrit.\b a fourth-class mark given for a piece of work or in an examination.\p\B3\b \B(Delta)\b \IAstron.\i the fourth (usu. fourth-brightest) star in a constellation \I(foll. by Latin genitive:\i \2Delta Cephei).\c\p\B4\b \IMath.\i an increment of a variable. \Bdeltaic\b \K/dEl"teIIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Greek from Phoenician \Idaleth\i\c
<hw>delta connection</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IElectr.\i a triangular arrangement of three-phase windings with circuit wire from each angle.
<hw>delta rays</hw> \In.pl.\i \IPhysics\i rays of low penetrative power consisting of slow electrons ejected from an atom by the impact of ionizing radiation.
<hw>delta rhythm</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bdelta waves)\b \IPhysiol\i low-frequency electrical activity of the brain during sleep.
<hw>delta wing</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAeron\i the triangular swept-back wing of an aircraft.
<hw>deltiology</hw> \K/dEltI"Ql\F'\ndZi/\k\p\In.\i\pthe collecting and study of postcards. \Bdeltiologist\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ideltion,\i diminutive of \Ideltos\i 'writing-tablet' + \J\X-logy\x\j\c
<hw>deltoid</hw> \K/"dEltOId/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i triangular; like a river delta.\p\In.\i\p(in full \Bdeltoid muscle)\b \IMed\i a thick triangular muscle covering the shoulder joint and used for raising the arm away from the body. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Idelto∩de\i or modern Latin \Ideltoides\i from Greek \Ideltoeides\i (as \J\Xdelta\x,\j \J\X-oid\x)\j\c
<hw>delude</hw> \K/dI"lu:d/, /-"lju:d/\k \Iv.tr.\i deceive or mislead \3(deluded by false optimism).\c \Bdeluder\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Ideludere\i 'mock' (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Iludere lus-\i 'play')\c
<hw>deluge</hw> \K/"dElju:dZ/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a great flood.\p\B2\b \B(the Deluge)\b \IBibl\i the biblical Flood (Gen. 6-8).\p\B3\b a great outpouring (of words, paper, etc.).\p\B4\b a heavy fall of rain. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b flood.\p\B2\b inundate with a great number or amount \3(deluged with complaints).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Idiluvium,\i related to \Ilavare\i 'wash'\c
<hw>delusion</hw> \K/dI"lu:Z(\F'\n)n/, /-"lju:-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a false belief or impression.\p\B2\b \IPsychol.\i this as a symptom or form of mental disorder. \Bdelusional\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Late Latin \Idelusio\i (as \J\Xdelude\x)\j\c
<hw>delusions of grandeur</hw> \In.pl.\i \IPsychol\i a false idea of oneself as being important, noble, famous, etc.
<hw>delustre</hw> \K/di:"lVst\F'\n/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(US\b \Bdeluster)\b \ITextiles\i remove the lustre from (a textile).
<hw>de luxe</hw> \K/dI "lVks/, /"lUks/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b luxurious or sumptuous.\p\B2\b of a superior kind. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = of luxury\c
<hw>delve</hw> \K/dElv/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bin,\b \Binto)\b\i \Ba\b search energetically \3(delved into his pocket).\c \Bb\b make a laborious search in documents etc.; research \3(delved into his family history).\c\p\B2\b \Itr. & intr.\i \Ipoet.\i dig. \Bdelver\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Idelfan,\i from West Germanic\c
<hw>demagnetize</hw> \K/di:"magnItVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b \IPhysics\i remove the magnetic properties of. \Bdemagnetization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bdemagnetizer\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>demagogue</hw> \K/"dEm\F'\ngQg/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \B-gog)\b\p\B1\b \IPolit\i a political agitator appealing to the basest instincts of a mob.\p\B2\b a leader of the people, esp. in ancient times. \Bdemagogic\b \K/-"gQgIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Bdemagoguery\b \K/-"gQg(\F'\n)ri/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bdemagogy\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Idemagogos,\i from \Idemos\i 'the people' + \Iagogos\i 'leading'\c
<hw>demand</hw> \K/dI"mA:nd/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an insistent and peremptory request, made as of right.\p\B2\b \IEcon.\i the desire of purchasers or consumers for a commodity \3(no demand for solid tyres these days).\c\p\B3\b an urgent claim \3(care of her mother makes demands on her).\c \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bof,\b \Bfrom,\b or \Bto\b + infin., or \Bthat\b + clause)\i ask for (something) insistently and urgently, as of right \3(demanded to know;\c \2demanded five pounds from him;\c \2demanded that his wife be present).\c\p\B2\b require or need \3(a task demanding skill).\c\p\B3\b insist on being told \3(demanded her business).\c\p\B4\b (as \Bdemanding\b \Iadj.)\i making demands; requiring skill, effort, etc. \3(a demanding but worthwhile job).\c\p\1in demand\c sought after.\p\1on demand\c as soon as a demand is made \3(a cheque payable on demand).\c \Kdemandable omitted Sep 93\k\Bdemander\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdemandingly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Idemande\i \I(n.),\i \Idemander\i \I(v.)\i from Latin \Idemandare\i 'entrust' (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Imandare\i 'order': see \J\Xmandate\x)\j\c
<hw>demand feeding</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i the practice of feeding a baby when it cries for a feed rather than at set times.
<hw>demand-led</hw> \Iadj.\i \IEcon.\i motivated or propelled by demand, esp. from consumers.\Knew f. News Sep 93\k
<hw>demand note</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i\p\B1\b a written request for payment.\p\B2\b \BN. Amer.\b a bill payable at sight.
<hw>demand pull</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IEcon.\i available money as a factor causing economic inflation.
<hw>demantoid</hw> \K/dI"mantOId/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMineral Geol\i a lustrous green garnet. \BEtymology:\b \3German, from obsolete \IDemant\i 'diamond'\c
<hw>demarcation</hw> \K/di:mA:"keIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i\p\B1\b the act of marking a boundary or limits.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b the trade-union practice of strictly assigning specific jobs to different unions. \Bdemarcate\b \K/"di:-/\k \Iv.tr.\i \Bdemarcator\b \K/"di:-/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Spanish \Idemarcaci≤n\i from \Idemarcar\i 'mark the bounds of' (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \J\Xmark\x (1))\j\c
<hw>demarcation dispute</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IIndustry\i an inter-union dispute about who does a particular job.
<hw>dΘmarche</hw> \K/deI"mA:S/\k\p\In.\i\p\IDiplomacy\i a political step or initiative. \BEtymology:\b \3French from \IdΘmarcher\i 'take steps' (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \J\Xmarch\x (1))\j\c
<hw>dematerialize</hw> \K/di:m\F'\n"tI\F'\nrI\F'\nlVIz/\k \Iv.tr. & intr.\i (also \B-ise)\b make or become non-material or spiritual (esp. of psychic phenomena etc.). \Bdematerialization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>deme</hw> \K/di:m/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a political division of Attica in ancient Greece. \Bb\b an administrative division in modern Greece.\p\B2\b \IBiol.\i a local population of closely related plants or animals. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Idemos\i 'the people'\c
<hw>demean (1)</hw> \K/dI"mi:n/\k \Iv.tr.\i \I(usu. \Brefl.)\b\i lower the dignity or status of \3(would not demean myself to take it).\c \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xde-\x\j + \J\Xmean\x (2),\j on the pattern of \Idebase\i\c
<hw>demean (2)</hw> \K/dI"mi:n/\k \Iv.refl.\i \I(with \Badv.)\b\i behave \3(demeaned himself well).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Idemener\i from Romanic (as \J\Xde-\x,\j Latin \Iminare\i 'drive animals' from \Iminari\i 'threaten')\c
<hw>demeanour</hw> \K/dI"mi:n\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Bdemeanor)\b outward behaviour or bearing. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xdemean\x (2),\j probably influenced by obsolete \Ihavour\i 'behaviour'\c
<hw>dement</hw> \K/dI"mEnt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPsychol\i \Iarchaic\i a demented person. \BEtymology:\b \3originally \Iadj.,\i from French \IdΘment\i or Latin \Idemens\i (as \J\Xdemented\x)\j\c
<hw>demented</hw> \K/dI"mEntId/\k \Iadj.\i \IPsychol\i mad; crazy. \Bdementedly\b \Iadv.\i \Bdementedness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3past part. of earlier verb \Idement:\i from Old French \Idementer\i or from Late Latin \Idementare,\i from \Idemens\i 'out of one's mind' (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Imens mentis\i 'mind')\c
\B\IdΘmenti\b\i \K/deI"mQ~ti/, French /demA~ti/\k\p\In.\i\pan official denial of a rumour etc. \BEtymology:\b \3French from \IdΘmentir\i 'accuse of lying'\c
<hw>dementia</hw> \K/dI"mEnS\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed.\i \IPsychol\i a chronic or persistent disorder of the mental processes marked by memory disorders, personality changes, impaired reasoning, etc., due to brain disease or injury. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin from \Idemens\i (as \J\Xdemented\x)\j\c
<hw>demerara</hw> \K/dEm\F'\n"rE:r\F'\n/, /-"rA:r\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p(in full \Bdemerara sugar)\b \IFood\i light brown cane sugar coming originally and chiefly from Demerara. \BEtymology:\b \3\IDemerara,\i region of Guyana\c
<hw>demerge</hw> \K/di:"m\F'\n:dZ/\k \Iv.tr.\i \ICommerce\i separate (a business) from another.\Knew f. OED Sep 93\k
<hw>demerger</hw> \K/di:"m\F'\n:dZ\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i the act of demerging a business.\Knew f. OED, Incomings (cf. SOED) Sep 93\k
<hw>demerit</hw> \K/di:"mErIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a quality or action deserving blame; a fault.\p\B2\b \BN. Amer.\b a mark awarded against an offender. \Bdemeritorious\b \K/-"tO:rI\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ide(s)merite\i or Latin \Idemeritum,\i neut. past part. of \Idemereri\i 'deserve'\c
<hw>demersal</hw> \K/dI"m\F'\n:s(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \IZool\i (of a fish etc.) being or living near the sea bottom \I(cf.\i \J\Xpelagic\x).\j \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idemersus,\i past part. of \Idemergere\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Imergere\i 'plunge')\c
<hw>demesne</hw> \K/dI"meIn/, /dI"mi:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a sovereign's or state's territory; a domain. \Bb\b land attached to a mansion etc. \Bc\b landed property; an estate.\p\B2\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bof)\b\i a region or sphere.\p\B3\b \ILaw\i \Ihist.\i possession (of real property) as one's own.\p\1held in demesne\c (of an estate) occupied by the owner, not by tenants. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Anglo-French, Old French \Idemeine\i (later Anglo-French \Idemesne)\i 'belonging to a lord' from Latin \Idominicus\i (as \J\Xdominical\x)\j\c
<hw>demi-</hw> \K/"dEmi/\k \Iprefix\i\p\B1\b half; half-size.\p\B2\b partially or imperfectly such \3(demigod).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via French from medieval Latin \Idimedius\i 'half', for Latin \Idimidius\i\c
<hw>demigod</hw> \K/"dEmIgQd/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(fem.\i \B-goddess\b \K/-gQdIs/\k)\p\B1\b \IRelig Mythol\i \Ba\b a partly divine being. \Bb\b the offspring of a god or goddess and a mortal.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i a person of compelling beauty, powers, or personality.
<hw>demijohn</hw> \K/"dEmIdZQn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IDrink\i a bulbous narrow-necked bottle holding from 3 to 10 gallons and usu. in a wicker cover. \BEtymology:\b \3probably corruption of French \Idame-jeanne\i 'Lady Jane', assimilated to \J\Xdemi-\x\j + the name \IJohn\i\c
<hw>demilitarize</hw> \K/di:"mIlIt(\F'\n)rVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b \IMil\i remove a military organization or forces from (a frontier, a zone, etc.). \Bdemilitarization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
\B\Idemi-mondaine\b\i \K/"dEmImQn%deIn/, French /d\F'\nmimO~dEn/\k\p\In.\i\pa woman of a \Idemi-monde.\i
\B\Idemi-monde\b\i \K/dEmI"mQnd/, French /d\F'\nmimO~d/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \Ihist.\i a class of women in 19th-c. France considered to be of doubtful social standing and morality. \Bb\b a similar class of women in any society.\p\B2\b any group considered to be on the fringes of respectable society. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = half-world\c
<hw>demineralize</hw> \K/di:"mIn(\F'\n)r(\F'\n)lVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b \IChem\i remove salts from (sea water etc.). \Bdemineralization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
\B\Idemi-pension\b\i \K/dEmI"pQ~sjQ~/, French /d\F'\nmipA~sjO~/\k\p\In.\i\photel accommodation with bed, breakfast, and one main meal per day. \BEtymology:\b \3French (as \J\Xdemi-\x,\j \J\Xpension\x (2))\j\c
<hw>demirep</hw> \K/"dEmIrEp/\k\p\In.\i\p\Iarchaic\i a woman of doubtful sexual reputation. \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation of \Idemi-reputable\i\c
<hw>demise</hw> \K/dI"mVIz/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b death \3(left a will on her demise;\c \2the demise of the agreement).\c\p\B2\b \ILaw\i conveyance or transfer (of property, a title, etc.) by demising. \Iv.tr.\i \ILaw\i\p\B1\b convey or grant (an estate) by will or lease.\p\B2\b transmit (a title etc.) by death. \BEtymology:\b \3Anglo-French, past part. of Old French \Ide(s)mettre\i \J\Xdismiss\x,\j in refl. 'abdicate', used as a noun\c
<hw>demisemiquaver</hw> \K/"dEmIsEmI%kweIv\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IMus.\i a note having the time value of half a semiquaver and represented by a large dot with a three-hooked stem.
<hw>demist</hw> \K/di:"mIst/\k \Iv.tr.\i \IMotoring\i clear mist from (a windscreen etc.). \Bdemister\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>demit</hw> \K/dI"mIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(demitted,\b \Bdemitting)\b \I(often \Babsol.)\b\i resign or abdicate (an office etc.). \Bdemission\b \K/-"mIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \IdΘmettre\i from Latin \Idemittere\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Imittere miss-\i 'send')\c
<hw>demitasse</hw> \K/"dEmItas/\k\p\In.\i\p\IDrink\i\p\B1\b a small coffee cup.\p\B2\b its contents. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = half-cup\c
<hw>demiurge</hw> \K/"di:mI\F'\n:dZ/, /"dEm-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhilos\i\p\B1\b (in the philosophy of Plato) the creator of the universe.\p\B2\b (in Gnosticism etc.) a heavenly being subordinate to the Supreme Being. \Bdemiurgic\b \K/-"\F'\n:dZIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3ecclesiastical Latin from Greek \Idemiourgos\i 'craftsman', from \Idemios\i 'public' (from \Idemos\i 'people') + \I-ergos\i 'working'\c
<hw>demo</hw> \K/"dEm\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b \Icolloq.\i\p\B1\b \IPolit\i = \J\Xdemonstration\x 2, 3.\j\p\B2\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i \IComputing Mus.\i demonstrating the capabilities of computer software, a group of musicians, etc. \3(demo software;\c \2demo tape).\c\Ksense 2 new f. SOED Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation\c
<hw>democracy</hw> \K/dI"mQkr\F'\nsi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IPolit\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a system of government by the whole population, usu. through elected representatives. \Bb\b a state so governed. \Bc\b any organization governed on democratic principles.\p\B2\b an egalitarian and tolerant form of society.\Ksense 3 relating to US Democratic Party omitted, F. Abate, Nov 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3French \IdΘmocratie\i via Late Latin \Idemocratia\i from Greek \Idemokratia,\i from \Idemos\i 'the people' + \J\X-cracy\x\j\c
<hw>democrat</hw> \K/"dEm\F'\nkrat/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i\p\B1\b an advocate of democracy.\p\B2\b \B(Democrat)\b (in the US) a member of the Democratic Party.\Kdemocratism omitted Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3French \IdΘmocrate\i (as \J\Xdemocracy\x),\j on the pattern of \Iaristocrate\i\c
<hw>democratic</hw> \K/dEm\F'\n"kratIk/\k \Iadj.\i \IPolit\i\p\B1\b of, like, practising, advocating, or constituting democracy or a democracy.\p\B2\b favouring social equality. \Bdemocratically\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \IdΘmocratique\i via medieval Latin \Idemocraticus\i from Greek \Idemokratikos,\i from \Idemokratia\i \J\Xdemocracy\x\j\c
<hw>democratic centralism</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i an organizational system in which policy is decided centrally and is binding on all members.
<hw>Democratic Party</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i one of the two main US political parties, considered to favour social reform. \I(cf.\i \J\XRepublican Party\x).\j\Kdefinition revised, F. Abate, Nov 94\k
<hw>democratize</hw> \K/dI"mQkr\F'\ntVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b \IPolit\i make (a state, institution, etc.) democratic. \Bdemocratization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
\B\IdΘmodΘ\b\i \K/deI"m\F'\nUdeI/, French /demOde/\k \Iadj.\i \IFashion\i out of fashion. \BEtymology:\b \3French, past part. of \IdΘmoder\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Imode\i 'fashion')\c
<hw>demodulate</hw> \K/di:"mQdjUleIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i \IPhysics\i \IComputing\i\p\B1\b extract (a modulating signal) from its carrier.\p\B2\b separate a modulating signal from.\Ksense 2 new f. OERD Nov 94\k \Bdemodulation\b \K/%di:mQdjU"leIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bdemodulator\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>demographics</hw> \K/dEm\F'\n"grafIks/\k \In.pl.\i \ICommerce Statistics\i statistical data relating to the population and groups within it, used esp. in the identification of consumer markets.\Knew f. F. Abate, corpus, Nov 94\k
<hw>demography</hw> \K/dI"mQgr\F'\nfi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IDemog.\i the study of the statistics of births, deaths, disease, etc., as illustrating the conditions of life in communities. \Bdemographer\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdemographic\b \K/dEm\F'\n"grafIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Bdemographical\b \K/dEm\F'\n"grafIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Bdemographically\b \K/dEm\F'\n"grafIk(\F'\n)li/\k \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Idemos\i 'the people' + \J\X-graphy\x\j\c
<hw>demoiselle</hw> \K/dEmwA:"zEl/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool\i (in full \Bdemoiselle crane)\b a small crane, Anthropoides virgo, native to Asia and N. Africa.\p\B2\b \IZool\i \Ba\b a damselfly. \Bb\b a damselfish.\p\B3\b \Iarchaic\i a young woman. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = \J\Xdamsel\x\j\c
<hw>demolish</hw> \K/dI"mQlIS/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \IBuilding\i pull down (a building). \Bb\b completely destroy or break.\p\B2\b overthrow (an institution).\p\B3\b refute (an argument, theory, etc.).\p\B4\b \Ijoc.\i eat up completely and quickly. \Bdemolisher\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdemolition\b \K/dEm\F'\n"lIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bdemolitionist\b \K/dEm\F'\n"lIS(\F'\n)nIst/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \IdΘmolir\i from Latin \Idemoliri\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Imoliri molit-\i 'construct' from \Imoles\i 'mass')\c
<hw>demon</hw> \K/"di:m\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b an evil spirit or devil, esp. one thought to possess a person. \Bb\b the personification of evil passion.\p\B2\b a malignant supernatural being; the Devil.\p\B3\b \I(often \Battrib.)\b\i a forceful, fierce, or skilful performer \3(a demon on the tennis court;\c \2a demon player).\c\p\B4\b a cruel or destructive person.\p\B5\b (also \Bdaemon)\b \Ba\b an inner or attendant spirit; a genius \3(the demon of creativity).\c \Bb\b \IMythol\i a divinity or supernatural being in ancient Greece.\p\1a demon for work\c \Icolloq.\i a person who works strenuously. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via medieval Latin \Idemon\i and Latin \Idaemon\i from Greek \Idaimon\i 'deity'\c
<hw>demon bowler</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICricket\i a particularly successful bowler in a match or series.
<hw>demonetize</hw> \K/di:"mVnItVIz/, /-mQn-/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b \ICommerce\i withdraw (a coin etc.) from use as money. \Bdemonetization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \IdΘmonΘtiser\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j Latin \Imoneta\i \J\Xmoney\x)\j\c
<hw>demoniac</hw> \K/dI"m\F'\nUnIak/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i = \J\Xdemonic\x.\j\Kdemonic now main hwd/more evidence Jun 94\k\p\In.\i\pa person supposedly possessed by an evil spirit. \Bdemoniacal\b \K/di:m\F'\n"nVI\F'\nk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Bdemoniacally\b \K/di:m\F'\n"nVI\F'\nk(\F'\n)li/\k \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Idemoniaque\i from ecclesiastical Latin \Idaemoniacus,\i from \Idaemonium,\i from Greek \Idaimonion,\i diminutive of \Idaimon:\i see \J\Xdemon\x)\j\c
<hw>demonic</hw> \K/dI"mQnIk/\k \Iadj.\i (also \Bdaemonic)\b\p\B1\b fiercely energetic or frenzied.\p\B2\b \Ba\b supposedly possessed by an evil spirit. \Bb\b of or concerning such possession.\p\B3\b of or like demons.\p\B4\b having or seeming to have supernatural genius or power.\Kxref now at demoniac/based on frequency Jun 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Idaemonicus\i from Greek \Idaimonikos\i (as \J\Xdemon\x)\j\c
<hw>demonism</hw> \K/"di:m\F'\nnIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\pbelief in the power of demons.
<hw>demonize</hw> \K/"di:m\F'\nnVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b\p\B1\b make into or like a demon.\p\B2\b represent as a demon. \Bdemonization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\K-ation new f. corpus, incomings, SOED Nov 93\k
<hw>demonolatry</hw> \K/di:m\F'\n"nQl\F'\ntri/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i the worship of demons.
<hw>demonology</hw> \K/di:m\F'\n"nQl\F'\ndZi/\k\p\In.\i\pthe study of demons etc. \Bdemonologist\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>demonopolize</hw> \K/di:m\F'\n"nQp\F'\nlVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b \ICommerce\i make no longer a monopoly.\Knew f. SOED Sep 93\k
<hw>demonstrable</hw> \K/dI"mQnstr\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/, /"dEm\F'\nn-/\k \Iadj.\i capable of being shown or logically proved. \Bdemonstrability\b \K/-"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bdemonstrably\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Idemonstrabilis\i (as \J\Xdemonstrate\x)\j\c
<hw>demonstrate</hw> \K/"dEm\F'\nnstreIt/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i show evidence of (feelings etc.).\p\B2\b \Itr.\i describe and explain (a scientific proposition, machine, etc.) by experiment, practical use, etc.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b logically prove the truth of. \Bb\b be proof of the existence of.\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i \IPolit\i take part in or organize a public demonstration.\p\B5\b \Iintr.\i act as a demonstrator. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idemonstrare\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Imonstrare\i 'show')\c
<hw>demonstration</hw> \K/dEm\F'\nn"streIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \I(foll. by \Bof)\b\i \Ba\b the outward showing of feeling etc. \Bb\b an instance of this.\p\B2\b \IPolit\i a public meeting, march, etc., for a political or moral purpose.\p\B3\b \Ba\b a practical exhibition or explanation of something, designed to teach or inform. \Bb\b a practical display of a piece of equipment to show its capabilities.\p\B4\b proof provided by logic, argument, etc.\p\B5\b \IMil.\i a show of military force. \Bdemonstrational\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Idemonstration\i or Latin \Idemonstratio\i (as \J\Xdemonstrate\x)\j\c
<hw>demonstrative</hw> \K/dI"mQnstr\F'\ntIv/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b given to or marked by an open expression of feeling, esp. of affection \3(a very demonstrative person).\c\p\B2\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bof)\b\i logically conclusive; giving proof \3(the work is demonstrative of their skill).\c\p\B3\b \Ba\b serving to point out or exhibit. \Bb\b involving esp. scientific demonstration \3(demonstrative technique).\c\p\B4\b \IGram.\i (of an adjective or pronoun) indicating the person or thing referred to (e.g. \Ithis,\i \Ithat,\i \Ithose).\i\p\In.\i\p\IGram.\i a demonstrative adjective or pronoun. \Bdemonstratively\b \Iadv.\i \Bdemonstrativeness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Idemonstratif -ive\i from Latin \Idemonstrativus\i (as \J\Xdemonstration\x)\j\c
<hw>demonstrator</hw> \K/"dEm\F'\nnstreIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPolit\i a person who takes part in a political demonstration etc.\p\B2\b \Ba\b a person who demonstrates, esp. machines, equipment, etc., to prospective customers. \Bb\b a machine, etc., esp. a car, used for such demonstrations.\Ksense 2b new f. SOED Sep 93\k\p\B3\b a person who teaches by demonstration, esp. in a laboratory etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin (as \J\Xdemonstrate\x)\j\c
<hw>demoralize</hw> \K/dI"mQr\F'\nlVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b\p\B1\b destroy the morale of; make hopeless.\p\B2\b \Iarchaic\i corrupt the morals of. \Bdemoralization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bdemoralizing\b \Iadj.\i \Bdemoralizingly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \IdΘmoraliser\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \J\Xmoral\x)\j\c
<hw>demote</hw> \K/di:"m\F'\nUt/\k \Iv.tr.\i reduce to a lower rank or class. \Bdemotion\b \K/-"m\F'\nUS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xde-\x\j + \J\Xpromote\x\j\c
<hw>demotic</hw> \K/dI"mQtIk/\k \In. & adj.\i \ILinguistics\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the popular colloquial form of modern Greek.\p\B2\b \Ba\b a popular simplified form of ancient Egyptian writing \I(cf.\i \J\Xhieratic\x 2).\j \Bb\b a popular written or spoken form of modern Greek.\K2b new f. OED SEp 93\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b (esp. of language) popular, colloquial, or vulgar.\p\B2\b of or concerning the ancient Egyptian or modern Greek demotic. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Idemotikos\i via \Idemotes\i 'one of the people' from \Idemos\i 'the people'\c
<hw>demotivate</hw> \K/di:"m\F'\nUtIveIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i \I(also \Babsol.)\b\i cause to lose motivation; discourage. \Bdemotivation\b \K/-"veIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>demount</hw> \K/di:"maUnt/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b take (apparatus, a gun, etc.) from its mounting.\p\B2\b dismantle for later reassembly. \Bdemountable\b \Iadj. & n.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \IdΘmonter:\i cf. \J\Xdismount\x\j\c
<hw>demulcent</hw> \K/dI"mVls(\F'\n)nt/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i soothing.\p\In.\i\p\IMed Pharm\i an agent that forms a protective film, soothing irritation or inflammation in the mouth. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idemulcere\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Imulcere\i 'soothe')\c
<hw>demur</hw> \K/dI"m\F'\n:/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.intr.\i \B(demurred,\b \Bdemurring)\b\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bto,\b \Bat)\b\i raise scruples or objections.\p\B2\b \ILaw\i put in a demurrer.\p\In.\i\p(also \Bdemurral\b \K/dI"mVr(\F'\n)l/\k) \I(usu. in \Bneg.)\b\i\p\B1\b an objection \3(agreed without demur).\c\p\B2\b the act or process of objecting.\Kdemurrant omitted Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Idemeure\i \I(n.),\i \Idemeurer\i \I(v.)\i from Romanic (as \J\Xde-\x,\j Latin \Imorari\i 'delay')\c
<hw>demure</hw> \K/dI"mjU\F'\n/\k \Iadj.\i \B(demurer,\b \Bdemurest)\b\p\B1\b composed, quiet, and reserved; modest.\p\B2\b affectedly shy and quiet; coy.\p\B3\b decorous \3(a demure high collar).\c \Bdemurely\b \Iadv.\i \Bdemureness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, perhaps via Anglo-French \IdemurΘ\i from Old French \IdemorΘ,\i past part. of \Idemorer\i 'remain, stay' (as \J\Xdemur\x):\j influenced by Old French \Imeⁿr\i from Latin \Imaturus\i 'ripe'\c
<hw>demurrable</hw> \K/dI"m\F'\n:r\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Iesp. Law\i open to objection.
<hw>demurrage</hw> \K/dI"mVrIdZ/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a rate or amount payable to a shipowner by a charterer for failure to load or discharge a ship within the time agreed. \Bb\b a similar charge on railway trucks or goods.\p\B2\b a detention or delay in loading or discharging. \BEtymology:\b \3Old French \Idemo(u)rage\i from \Idemorer\i (as \J\Xdemur\x)\j\c
<hw>demurrer</hw> \K/dI"m\F'\n:r\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pan objection, \Iesp. Law\i a pleading that an opponent's point is irrelevant. \BEtymology:\b \3Anglo-French (infinitive used as a noun), = \J\Xdemur\x\j\c
<hw>demy</hw> \K/dI"mVI/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPrinting\i a size of paper, 564 ╫ 444 mm. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, variant of \J\Xdemi-\x\j\c
<hw>demystify</hw> \K/di:"mIstIfVI/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(-ies,\b \B-ied)\b\p\B1\b clarify or remove the mystery from (obscure beliefs or subjects etc.).\p\B2\b reduce or remove the irrationality in (a person). \Bdemystification\b \K/-fI"keIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>demythologize</hw> \K/di:mI"TQl\F'\ndZVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b\p\B1\b remove mythical elements from (a legend, famous person's life, etc.).\p\B2\b \IRelig\i reinterpret what some consider to be the mythological elements in (the Bible).
<hw>den</hw> \K/dEn/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool\i a wild animal's lair.\p\B2\b a place of crime or vice \3(den of iniquity;\c \2opium den).\c\p\B3\b \Ba\b a small private room or place for pursuing a hobby etc. \Bb\b a hideout or secret place for children.\Ksense 3b new f. OERD Sept 94\k \Iv.intr.\i \B(denned,\b \Bdenning)\b live in or retreat to a den.\Kverb new f. Incs, SOED Oct 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Idenn\i from Germanic, related to \J\Xdene\x (1)\j\c
<hw>denarius</hw> \K/dI"nE:rI\F'\ns/, /dI"nA:rI\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bdenarii\b \K/-rIVI/, /-rIi:/\k) \IRom.Hist Currency\i an ancient Roman silver coin. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = '(coin) of ten asses' (as \J\Xdenary\x:\j see \J\Xas\x (2))\j\c
<hw>denary</hw> \K/"di:n(\F'\n)ri/\k \Iadj.\i \IMath\i of ten; decimal. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idenarius\i 'containing ten' from \Ideni\i 'by tens'\c
<hw>denationalize</hw> \K/di:"naS(\F'\n)n(\F'\n)lVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b \IPolit Commerce\i\p\B1\b transfer (a nationalized industry or institution etc.) from public to private ownership.\p\B2\b \Ba\b deprive (a nation) of its status or characteristics as a nation. \Bb\b deprive (a person) of nationality or national characteristics. \Bdenationalization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \IdΘnationaliser\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \J\Xnational\x)\j\c
<hw>denaturalize</hw> \K/di:"natS(\F'\n)r\F'\nlVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b\p\B1\b change the nature or properties of; make unnatural.\p\B2\b \IPolit\i deprive of the rights of citizenship.\p\B3\b \IBiochem\i = \J\Xdenature\x 2.\j \Bdenaturalization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>denature</hw> \K/di:"neItS\F'\n/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \IBiochem\i change the properties of (a protein etc.) by heat, acidity, etc.\p\B2\b make (alcohol) unfit for drinking, esp. by the addition of another substance. \Bdenaturant\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdenaturation\b \K/di:%natS\F'\n"reIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \IdΘnaturer\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \J\Xnature\x)\j\c
<hw>dendrite</hw> \K/"dEndrVIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMineral Geol\i \Ba\b a stone or mineral with natural treelike or mosslike markings. \Bb\b such marks on stones or minerals.\p\B2\b \IChem.\i a crystal with branching treelike growth.\p\B3\b \IZool.\i & \IAnat.\i a branching process of a nerve cell conducting signals to a cell body. \BEtymology:\b \3French, from Greek \Idendrites\i \I(adj.)\i from \Idendron\i 'tree'\c
<hw>dendritic</hw> \K/dEn"drItIk/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IAnat\i of or like a dendrite.\p\B2\b treelike in shape or markings. \Bdendritically\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>dendrochronology</hw> \K/%dEndr\F'\nUkr\F'\n"nQl\F'\ndZi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot Archaeol\i\p\B1\b a system of dating using the characteristic patterns of annual growth rings of trees to assign dates to timber.\p\B2\b the study of these growth rings. \Bdendrochronological\b \K/-krQn\F'\n"lQdZIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Bdendrochronologist\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Idendron\i 'tree' + \J\Xchronology\x\j\c
<hw>dendrogram</hw> \K/"dEndr\F'\ngram/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiol.\i a branched diagram showing the relationship between kinds of organism.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Jan 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Idendron\i 'tree' + \J\X-gram\x\j\c
<hw>dendrology</hw> \K/dEn"drQl\F'\ndZi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i the scientific study of trees. \Bdendrological\b \K/-dr\F'\n"lQdZIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Bdendrologist\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Idendron\i 'tree' + \J\X-logy\x\j\c
<hw>dene (1)</hw> \K/di:n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bdean)\b \BBrit.\b \IGeog\i\p\B1\b a narrow wooded valley.\p\B2\b a vale (esp. as the ending of place names). \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Idenu,\i related to \J\Xden\x\j\c
<hw>dene (2)</hw> \K/di:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IGeog\i a bare sandy tract, or a low sandhill, by the sea. \BEtymology:\b \3origin unknown: perhaps related to \J\Xdune\x\j\c
<hw>denest</hw> \K/di:"nEst/\k \Iv.tr.\i \ILinguistics\i remove (a word or phrase, esp. a compound noun) from a dictionary entry for another word and enter it as a main entry itself.\Knew f. COD box Sep 93\k
<hw>de-net</hw> \K/di:"nEt/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(de-netted,\b \Bde-netting)\b \IPublishing Commerce\i (in the UK) sell (a book) at a price lower than that fixed under the terms of the Net Book Agreement.\Knew in COD9 f. News Mar 94\k
<hw>dengue</hw> \K/"dENgi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i an infectious viral disease of the tropics, transmitted by mosquitoes and causing a fever and acute pains in the joints. \BEtymology:\b \3West Indian Spanish, from Swahili \Idenga,\i \Idinga,\i with assimilation to Spanish \Idengue\i 'fastidiousness', with reference to the stiffness of the patient's neck and shoulders\c
<hw>deniable</hw> \K/dI"nVI\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i that may be denied. \Bdeniability\b \K/-\F'\n"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Kdeniability new f. Incs, NSOED Oct 94\k
<hw>denial</hw> \K/dI"nVI(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or an instance of denying.\p\B2\b a refusal of a request or wish.\p\B3\b a statement that a thing is not true; a rejection \3(denial of the accusation).\c\p\B4\b a disavowal of a person as one's leader etc.\p\B5\b = \J\Xself-denial\x.\j\p\B6\b \IPsychol.\i the usu. subconscious suppression of an unacceptable truth or emotion.\Ksense 6 new in COD9 f. News Feb 94\k
<hw>denier</hw> \K/"dEnI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IClothing\i a unit of weight by which the fineness of silk, rayon, or nylon yarn is measured. \BEtymology:\b \3originally the name of a small coin: Middle English via Old French from Latin \Idenarius\i\c
<hw>denigrate</hw> \K/"dEnIgreIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i defame or disparage the reputation of (a person); blacken. \Bdenigration\b \K/-"greIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bdenigrator\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdenigratory\b \K/-"greIt(\F'\n)ri/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idenigrare\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Inigrare\i from \Iniger\i 'black')\c
<hw>denim</hw> \K/"dEnIm/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITextiles\i\p\B1\b \I(often \Battrib.)\b\i a usu. blue hard-wearing cotton twill fabric used for jeans, overalls, etc. \3(a denim skirt).\c\p\B2\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \IClothing\i \Icolloq.\i jeans, overalls, etc. made of this. \BEtymology:\b \3for \Iserge de Nim\i 'serge of \INεmes\i', a city in S. France\c
<hw>denitrify</hw> \K/di:"nVItrIfVI/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(-ies,\b \B-ied)\b \IAgriculture\i remove the nitrates or nitrites from (soil etc.). \Bdenitrification\b \K/-fI"keIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>denizen</hw> \K/"dEnIz(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bof)\b\i an inhabitant or occupant.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b a foreigner admitted to certain rights in his or her adopted country.\p\B3\b a naturalized foreign word, animal, or plant. \Bdenizenship\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Anglo-French \Ideinzein\i from Old French \Ideinz\i 'within', from Latin \Ide\i 'from' + \Iintus\i 'within' + \I-ein\i from Latin \I-aneus:\i see \J\X-aneous\x\j\c
<hw>denominate</hw> \K/dI"nQmIneIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b give a name to.\p\B2\b call or describe (a person or thing) as.\p\B3\b \I(in \Bpassive;\b usu. foll. by \Bin)\b\i \ICurrency\i express in a specified monetary unit.\Ksense 3 new f. F. Abate, corpus, Nov 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idenominare\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \J\Xnominate\x)\j\c
<hw>denomination</hw> \K/dI%nQmI"neIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IRelig\i a Church or religious sect.\p\B2\b a class of units within a range or sequence of numbers, weights, money, etc. \3(money of small denominations).\c\p\B3\b \Ba\b a name or designation, esp. a characteristic or class name. \Bb\b a class or kind having a specific name.\p\B4\b \ICards\i the rank of a playing card within a suit, or of a suit relative to others. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Idenomination\i or Latin \Idenominatio\i (as \J\Xdenominate\x)\j\c
<hw>denominational</hw> \K/dI%nQmI"neIS(\F'\n)n(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of or relating to a particular denomination.\p\B2\b \IRelig\i (of education) according to the principles of a Church or sect. \Bdenominationalism\b\p\In.\i\p\K-ism new f. SOED, corpus Nov 93\k
<hw>denominative</hw> \K/dI"nQmIn\F'\ntIv/\k \Iadj.\i serving as or giving a name. \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Idenominativus\i (as \J\Xdenomination\x)\j\c
<hw>denominator</hw> \K/dI"nQmIneIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMath.\i the number below the line in a vulgar fraction; a divisor. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IdΘnominateur\i or medieval Latin \Idenominator\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \J\Xnominate\x)\j\c
\B\Ide nos jours\b\i \K/d\F'\n n\F'\nU "ZU\F'\n/, French /d\F'\n no Zur/\k \Iadj.\i \I(placed after noun)\i of the present time. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = of our days\c
<hw>denote</hw> \K/dI"n\F'\nUt/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b be a sign of; indicate \3(the arrow denotes direction).\c\p\B2\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bthat\b + clause)\i mean, convey.\p\B3\b stand as a name for; signify. \Bdenotation\b \K/di:n\F'\n(U)"teIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bdenotative\b \K/-t\F'\ntIv/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \IdΘnoter\i or from Latin \Idenotare\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Inotare\i 'mark' from \Inota\i \J\Xnote\x)\j\c See Usage Note at \J\Xconnote\x.\j
<hw>denouement</hw> \K/deI"nu:mQ~/, /-mQN/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \BdΘnouement)\b \ILiterature Theatr\i\p\B1\b the final unravelling of a plot or complicated situation.\p\B2\b the final scene in a play, novel, etc., in which the plot is resolved. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IdΘnouement\i from \IdΘnouer\i 'unknot' (as \J\Xde-\x,\j Latin \Inodare\i from \Inodus\i 'knot')\c
<hw>denounce</hw> \K/dI"naUns/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b accuse publicly; condemn \3(denounced him as a traitor).\c\p\B2\b inform against \3(denounced her to the police).\c\p\B3\b give notice of the termination of (an armistice, treaty, etc.). \Bdenouncement\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdenouncer\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Idenoncier\i from Latin \Idenuntiare\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Inuntiare\i 'make known' from \Inuntius\i 'messenger')\c
<hw>dense</hw> \K/dEns/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b closely compacted in substance; thick \3(dense fog).\c\p\B2\b crowded together \3(the population is less dense on the outskirts).\c\p\B3\b \Icolloq.\i stupid. \Bdensely\b \Iadv.\i \Bdenseness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Idense\i or Latin \Idensus\i\c
<hw>densitometer</hw> \K/dEnsI"tQmIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhotog\i an instrument for measuring the photographic density of an image on a film or photographic print.
<hw>density</hw> \K/"dEnsIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b the degree of compactness of a substance.\p\B2\b \IPhysics\i degree of consistency measured by the quantity of mass per unit volume.\p\B3\b \IPhotog\i the opacity of a photographic image.\p\B4\b a crowded state.\p\B5\b \Icolloq.\i stupidity. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IdensitΘ\i or Latin \Idensitas\i (as \J\Xdense\x)\j\c
<hw>dent</hw> \K/dEnt/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a slight mark or hollow in a surface made by, or as if by, a blow with a hammer etc.\p\B2\b a noticeable effect \3(the lavish lunch made a dent in our funds).\c \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b mark with a dent.\p\B2\b have (esp. an adverse) effect on \3(the news dented our hopes).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, probably from \J\Xindent\x (1)\j\c
<hw>dental</hw> \K/"dEnt(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \IAnat Med Dentistry\i\p\B1\b of the teeth; of or relating to dentistry.\p\B2\b \IPhonet.\i (of a consonant) produced with the tongue-tip against the upper front teeth (as \Ith)\i or the ridge of the teeth (as \In,\i \Id,\i \It).\i \Bdentalize\b \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise).\b \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Identalis\i from Latin \Idens dentis\i 'tooth'\c
<hw>dental floss</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IDentistry\i a thread of floss silk etc. used to clean between the teeth.
<hw>dentalium</hw> \K/dEn"teIlI\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bdentalia\b \K/-lI\F'\n/\k) \IZool\i\p\B1\b a tusk shell, esp. of the genus \IDentalium.\i\p\B2\b this shell used as an ornament or as a form of currency. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from Late Latin \Identalis:\i \Isee\i \J\Xdental\x\j\c
<hw>dental mechanic</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IDentistry\i a person who makes and repairs artificial teeth.
<hw>dental surgeon</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IDentistry\i a dentist.
<hw>dentate</hw> \K/"dEnteIt/\k \Iadj.\i \IAnat\i \IBot.\i & \IZool.\i toothed; with toothlike notches; serrated. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Identatus\i from \Idens dentis\i 'tooth'\c
<hw>denticle</hw> \K/"dEntIk(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool.\i \IAnat\i a small tooth or toothlike projection, scale, etc. \Bdenticulate\b \K/den"tIkjUl\F'\nt/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Identiculus,\i diminutive of \Idens dentis\i 'tooth'\c
<hw>dentifrice</hw> \K/"dEntIfrIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IDentistry\i a paste or powder for cleaning the teeth. \BEtymology:\b \3French from Latin \Identifricium,\i from \Idens dentis\i 'tooth' + \Ifricare\i 'rub'\c
<hw>dentil</hw> \K/"dEntIl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IArchit.\i each of a series of small rectangular blocks as a decoration under the moulding of a cornice in classical architecture. \BEtymology:\b \3obsolete French \Identille,\i diminutive of \Ident\i 'tooth', from Latin \Idens dentis\i\c
<hw>dentilingual</hw> \K/dEntI"lINgw(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \IPhonet.\i formed by the teeth and the tongue.
<hw>dentine</hw> \K/"dEnti:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Bdentin\b \K/-tIn/\k) \IDentistry Anat\i a hard dense bony tissue forming the bulk of a tooth. \Bdentinal\b \K/"dEntIn(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idens dentis\i 'tooth' + \J\X-ine\x (4)\j\c
<hw>dentist</hw> \K/"dEntIst/\k\p\In.\i\p\IDentistry Med\i a person who is qualified to treat the diseases and conditions that affect the mouth, jaws, teeth, and their supporting tissues, esp. the repair and extraction of teeth and the insertion of artificial ones. \Bdentistry\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Identiste\i from \Ident\i 'tooth'\c
<hw>dentition</hw> \K/dEn"tIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool Dentistry\i\p\B1\b the type, number, and arrangement of teeth in a species etc.\p\B2\b the cutting of teeth; teething. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Identitio\i from \Identire\i 'to teethe'\c
<hw>denture</hw> \K/"dEntS\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i \IDentistry\i a removable artificial replacement for one or more teeth carried on a removable plate or frame. \BEtymology:\b \3French from \Ident\i 'tooth'\c
<hw>denturist</hw> \K/"dEntS\F'\nrIst/\k\p\In.\i\p\IDentistry\i a maker of dentures.\Knew f. SOED SEp 93\k
<hw>denuclearize</hw> \K/di:"nju:klI\F'\nrVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b \IMil Polit\i remove nuclear armaments from (a country etc.). \Bdenuclearization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>denude</hw> \K/dI"nju:d/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b make naked or bare.\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bof)\b\i \Ba\b strip of clothing, a covering, etc. \Bb\b deprive of a possession or attribute.\p\B3\b \IGeol.\i lay (rock or a formation etc.) bare by removing what lies above. \Bdenudation\b \K/di:njU"deIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bdenudative\b \K/-d\F'\ntIv/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idenudare\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Inudus\i 'naked')\c
<hw>denumerable</hw> \K/dI"nju:m(\F'\n)r\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \IMath.\i countable by correspondence with the infinite set of integers. \Bdenumerability\b \K/-"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bdenumerably\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Idenumerare\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Inumerare\i \J\Xnumber\x)\j\c
<hw>denunciation</hw> \K/dI%nVnsI"eIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act of denouncing (a person, policy, etc.); public condemnation.\p\B2\b an instance of this. \Bdenunciate\b \K/-"nVnsIeIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i \Bdenunciative\b \K/-"nVnsI\F'\ntIv/\k \Iadj.\i \Bdenunciator\b \K/-"nVnsIeIt\F'\n/, /-"nVnSIeIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bdenunciatory\b \K/dI"nVnsI\F'\nt(\F'\n)ri/, /-"nVnSI\F'\nt(\F'\n)ri/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \IdΘnonciation\i or Latin \Idenunciatio\i (as \J\Xdenounce\x)\j\c
<hw>deny</hw> \K/dI"nVI/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(-ies,\b \B-ied)\b\p\B1\b declare untrue or non-existent \3(denied the charge;\c \2denied that it is so;\c \2denied having lied).\c\p\B2\b repudiate or disclaim \3(denied his faith;\c \2denied his signature).\c\p\B3\b \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i refuse (a person or thing, or something to a person) \3(this was denied to me;\c \2denied him the satisfaction).\c\p\B4\b refuse access to (a person sought) \3(denied him his son).\c\p\1deny oneself\c be abstinent. \Bdenier\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Idenier\i from Latin \Idenegare\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Inegare\i 'say no')\c
<hw>deoch an doris</hw> \K/dQx (\F'\n)n "dQrIs/, /dQk/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bdoch an dorris)\b \BSc.\b & \BIr.\b \IDrink\i a drink taken at parting; a stirrup cup. \BEtymology:\b \3Gaelic \Ideoch an doruis\i 'drink at the door'\c
<hw>deodar</hw> \K/"di:\F'\n(U)dA:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i the Himalayan cedar Cedrus deodara, the tallest of the cedar family, with drooping branches bearing large barrel-shaped cones. \BEtymology:\b \3Hindi \Ide\i' \Iodar\i from Sanskrit \Ideva-daru\i 'divine tree'\c
<hw>deodorant</hw> \K/dI"\F'\nUd(\F'\n)r(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(often \Battrib.)\b\i a substance sprayed or rubbed on to the body or sprayed into the air to remove or conceal unwanted or unpleasant smells \3(a roll-on deodorant;\c \2has a deodorant effect).\c \BEtymology:\b \3as \J\Xdeodorize\x\j + \J\X-ant\x\j\c
<hw>deodorize</hw> \K/dI"\F'\nUd\F'\nrVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b remove or destroy the (usu. unpleasant) smell of. \Bdeodorization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bdeodorizer\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xde-\x\j + Latin \Iodor\i 'smell'\c
\B\IDeo gratias\b\i \K/deI\F'\nU "grA:tI\F'\ns/, /-SI\F'\ns/\k \Iint.\i thanks be to God. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = (we give) thanks to God\c
<hw>deontic</hw> \K/dI"QntIk/\k \Iadj.\i \IPhilos.\i of or relating to duty and obligation as ethical concepts. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ideont-,\i part. stem of \Idei\i 'it is right'\c
<hw>deontology</hw> \K/di:Qn"tQl\F'\ndZi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhilos.\i the study of duty. \Bdeontological\b \K/-t\F'\n"lQdZIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Bdeontologist\b\p\In.\i\p
\B\IDeo volente\b\i \K/deI\F'\nU vQ"lEnteI/\k \Iadv.\i God willing; if nothing prevents it. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin\c
<hw>deoxyribose</hw> \K/dI%QksI"rVIb\F'\nUz/, /-s/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiochem.\i a sugar related to ribose and found in the nucleosides of DNA.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Jan 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xde-\x\j + \J\Xoxy-\x (2)\j + \J\Xribose\x\j\c
<hw>depart</hw> \K/dI"pA:t/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \Ba\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bfrom)\b\i go away; leave \3(the train departs from this platform).\c \Bb\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bfor)\b\i start; set out \3(trains depart for Crewe every hour).\c\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bfrom)\b\i diverge; deviate \3(departs from standard practice).\c\p\B3\b \Ba\b \Iintr.\i leave by death; die. \Bb\b \Itr.\i \Iformal\i or \Iliterary\i leave by death \3(departed this life).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Idepartir,\i ultimately from Latin \Idispertire\i 'divide'\c
<hw>departed</hw> \K/dI"pA:tId/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i bygone \3(departed greatness).\c\p\In.\i\p\I(prec. by \Bthe)\b\i \Ieuphem.\i a particular dead person or dead people \3(we are here to mourn the departed).\c
<hw>department</hw> \K/dI"pA:tm(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a separate part of a complex whole, esp.: \Ba\b a branch of municipal or State administration \3(Housing Department;\c \2Department of Social Security).\c \Bb\b \IEducation\i a branch of study and its administration at a university, school, etc. \3(the physics department).\c \Bc\b a specialized section of a large store \3(hardware department).\c\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i an area of special expertise.\p\B3\b \IPolit\i an administrative district in France and other countries. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IdΘpartement\i (as \J\Xdepart\x)\j\c
<hw>departmental</hw> \K/di:pA:t"mEnt(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i of or belonging to a department. \Bdepartmentalism\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdepartmentalize\b \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise).\b \Bdepartmentalization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bdepartmentally\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>department store</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \BBrit.\b \Bdepartmental store)\b \ICommerce\i a large shop stocking many varieties of goods in different departments.
<hw>departure</hw> \K/dI"pA:tS\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or an instance of departing.\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Bfrom)\b\i a deviation (from the truth, a standard, etc.).\p\B3\b \I(often \Battrib.)\b\i \ITransport\i the starting of a train, an aircraft, etc. \3(the departure was late;\c \2departure lounge).\c\p\B4\b a new course of action or thought \3(driving a car is rather a departure for him).\c\p\B5\b \INaut.\i the amount of a ship's change of longitude. \BEtymology:\b \3Old French \Ideparteⁿre\i (as \J\Xdepart\x)\j\c
<hw>depasture</hw> \K/di:"pA:stS\F'\n/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IAgriculture\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \Itr.\i (of cattle) graze upon. \Bb\b \Iintr.\i graze. \Bc\b \Itr.\i put (cattle) to graze.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i (of land) provide pasturage for (cattle). \Bdepasturage\b \K/-IdZ/\k\p\In.\i\p
\B\IdΘpaysΘ\b\i \K/deI"peIzeI/, French /depEize/\k \Iadj.\i \I(fem.\i \B\IdΘpaysΘe\b\i \Ipronunc.\i same) removed from one's habitual surroundings. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = removed from one's own country\c
<hw>depend</hw> \K/dI"pEnd/\k \Iv.intr.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bon,\b \Bupon)\b\i be controlled or determined by \3(success depends on hard work;\c \2it depends on whether they agree;\c \2it depends how you tackle the problem).\c\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bon,\b \Bupon)\b\i \Ba\b be unable to do without \3(depends on her mother).\c \Bb\b rely on \3(I'm depending on you to come).\c\p\B3\b \I(foll. by \Bon,\b \Bupon)\b\i \IGram\i be grammatically dependent on.\p\B4\b \I(often foll. by \Bfrom)\b\i \Iarchaic\i or \Ipoet.\i hang down.\p\1depending on\c according to; taking into account.\Knew f. DJT Sep 93\k\p\1depend upon it!\c you may be sure!\p\1it (or it all or that) depends\c expressing uncertainty or qualification in answering a question \3(Will they come? It depends).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Idependre,\i ultimately from Latin \Idependere\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Ipendere\i 'hang')\c
<hw>dependant</hw> \K/dI"pEnd(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Bdependent)\b\p\B1\b a person who relies on another esp. for financial support.\p\B2\b a servant or subordinate. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IdΘpendant,\i pres. part. of \IdΘpendre\i (as \J\Xdepend\x)\j\c
<hw>dependence</hw> \K/dI"pEnd(\F'\n)ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the state of being dependent \I(see\i \J\Xdependent\x 1, 2, 3).\j\p\B2\b reliance; trust; confidence \3(shows great dependence on his judgement).\c \BEtymology:\b \3French \IdΘpendance\i (as \J\Xdepend\x)\j\c
<hw>dependency</hw> \K/dI"pEnd(\F'\n)nsi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \IPolit\i a country or province controlled by another.\p\B2\b anything subordinate or dependent.\p\B3\b = \J\Xdependence\x 1.\j\K3 new f. SOED Dec 94\k
<hw>dependency culture</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ISociol\i a way of life characterized by dependency on state benefits.\Knew f. incomings, OERD Sept 94\k
<hw>dependent</hw> \K/dI"pEnd(\F'\n)nt/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bon)\b\i depending, conditional, or subordinate.\p\B2\b unable to do without (esp. a drug).\p\B3\b maintained at another's cost.\p\B4\b \IMath.\i (of a variable) having a value determined by that of another variable.\p\B5\b \IGram.\i (of a clause, phrase, or word) subordinate to a sentence or word.\p\In.\i\p\BUS\b \Ivar. of\i \J\Xdependant\x.\j \Bdependently\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, earlier \I-ant\i = \J\Xdependant\x\j\c
<hw>depersonalization</hw> \K/di:%p\F'\n:s(\F'\n)n(\F'\n)lVI"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \B-isation)\b \Iesp. Psychol.\i\p\B1\b the act of depersonalizing or state of being depersonalized.\p\B2\b \IPsychiatry\i a loss of one's sense of identity; a feeling of unreality.\Ksense 1 new f. Incs, NSOED Oct 94\k
<hw>depersonalize</hw> \K/di:"p\F'\n:s(\F'\n)n(\F'\n)lVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b\p\B1\b make impersonal.\p\B2\b deprive of personality.
<hw>depict</hw> \K/dI"pIkt/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b represent in a drawing or painting etc.\p\B2\b portray in words; describe \3(the play depicts him as vain and petty).\c \Bdepicter\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdepiction\b \K/-"pIkS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bdepictive\b \Iadj.\i \Bdepictor\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idepingere depict-\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Ipingere\i 'paint')\c
<hw>depilate</hw> \K/"dEpIleIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i remove the hair from. \Bdepilation\b \K/-"leIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idepilare\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Ipilare\i from \Ipilus\i 'hair')\c
<hw>depilatory</hw> \K/dI"pIl\F'\nt(\F'\n)ri/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i that removes unwanted hair.\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b a depilatory substance.
<hw>deplane</hw> \K/di:"pleIn/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\Besp. US\b \IAeron\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i disembark from an aeroplane.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i remove from an aeroplane.
<hw>deplete</hw> \K/dI"pli:t/\k \Iv.tr.\i \I(esp. in \Bpassive)\b\i\p\B1\b reduce in numbers or quantity \3(depleted forces).\c\p\B2\b empty out; exhaust \3(their energies were depleted).\c \Bdepletion\b \K/-"pli:S(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ideplere\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Iplere plet-\i 'fill')\c
<hw>deplorable</hw> \K/dI"plO:r\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b exceedingly bad \3(a deplorable meal).\c\p\B2\b that can be deplored. \Bdeplorably\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>deplore</hw> \K/dI"plO:/\k \Iv.tr.\i feel or express strong disapproval of. \Bdeploringly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \IdΘplorer\i or Italian \Ideplorare\i from Latin \Ideplorare\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Iplorare\i 'bewail')\c
<hw>deploy</hw> \K/dI"plOI/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \IMil.\i \Ba\b \Itr.\i cause (troops) to spread out from a column into a line. \Bb\b \Iintr.\i (of troops) spread out in this way.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i bring (arguments, forces, etc.) into effective action. \Bdeployment\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \IdΘployer\i from Latin \Idisplicare\i (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \Iplicare\i 'fold') & Late Latin \Ideplicare\i 'explain'\c
<hw>deplume</hw> \K/dI"plu:m/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b strip of feathers, pluck.\p\B2\b deprive of honours etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from French \IdΘplumer\i or from medieval Latin \Ideplumare\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j Latin \Ipluma\i 'feather')\c
<hw>depolarize</hw> \K/di:"p\F'\nUl\F'\nrVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b \IPhysics\i reduce or remove the polarization of. \Bdepolarization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>depoliticize</hw> \K/di:p\F'\n"lItIsVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b \IPolit\i\p\B1\b make (a person, an organization, etc.) non-political.\p\B2\b remove from political activity or influence. \Bdepoliticization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>depolymerize</hw> \K/di:"pQlIm\F'\nrVIz/\k \Iv.tr. & intr.\i (also \B-ise)\b \IChem.\i break down into monomers or other smaller units. \Bdepolymerization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>deponent</hw> \K/dI"p\F'\nUn\F'\nnt/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i \IGram.\i (of a verb, esp. in Latin or Greek) passive or middle in form but active in meaning.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IGram.\i a deponent verb.\p\B2\b \ILaw\i \Ba\b a person making a deposition under oath. \Bb\b a witness giving written testimony for use in court etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ideponere\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Iponere posit-\i 'place'): the adj. from the notion that the verb had laid aside the passive sense\c
<hw>depopulate</hw> \K/di:"pQpjUleIt/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i reduce the population of.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i decline in population. \Bdepopulation\b \K/-"leIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idepopulari\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Ipopulari\i 'lay waste' from \Ipopulus\i 'people')\c
<hw>deport</hw> \K/dI"pO:t/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \ILaw\i \Ba\b remove (an immigrant or foreigner) forcibly to another country; banish. \Bb\b exile (a native) to another country.\p\B2\b \Irefl.\i \Iliterary\i or \Iarchaic\i conduct (oneself) or behave (in a specified manner) \3(deported himself well).\c \Bdeportable\b \Iadj.\i \Bdeportation\b \K/di:pO:"teIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old French \Ideporter\i and (sense 1) French \IdΘporter\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j Latin \Iportare\i 'carry')\c
<hw>deportee</hw> \K/di:pO:"ti:/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i a person who has been or is being deported.
<hw>deportment</hw> \K/dI"pO:tm(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\pbearing, demeanour, or manners, esp. of a cultivated kind. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IdΘportement\i (as \J\Xdeport\x)\j\c
<hw>depose</hw> \K/dI"p\F'\nUz/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i remove from office, esp. dethrone.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bto,\b or \Bthat\b + clause)\i \ILaw\i bear witness, esp. on oath in court. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ideposer,\i based on Latin \Ideponere\i \Ideposit-:\i see \J\Xdeponent\x,\j \J\Xpose\x (1)\j\c
<hw>deposit</hw> \K/dI"pQzIt/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ICommerce\i \Ba\b a sum of money placed or kept in an account in a bank. \Bb\b anything stored or entrusted for safe keeping, usu. in a bank.\p\B2\b \ICommerce\i \Ba\b a sum paid towards the price of a house etc. before starting a mortgage loan, or as first instalment for an item bought on hire purchase, or as a pledge for a contract. \Bb\b a returnable sum payable on the short-term hire of a car, boat, etc.\p\B3\b \BBrit.\b \IPolit.\i a sum of money deposited by an election candidate and forfeited if he or she fails to receive a certain proportion of the votes.\Ksense 3 new from (after) News Sep 93\k\p\B4\b \Ba\b \IGeol\i a natural layer of sand, rock, coal, etc. \Bb\b a layer of accumulated matter on a surface, e.g. fur on a kettle. \Iv.tr.\i \B(deposited,\b \Bdepositing)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b put or lay down in a (usu. specified) place \3(deposited the book on the floor).\c \Bb\b (of water, wind, etc.) leave (matter etc.) lying in a displaced position.\p\B2\b \Ba\b store or entrust for keeping. \Bb\b \ICommerce\i pay (a sum of money) into a bank account, esp. a deposit account.\p\B3\b \ICommerce\i pay (a sum) as a first instalment or as a pledge for a contract.\p\1on deposit\c \ICommerce\i (of money) placed in a deposit account. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idepositum\i \I(n.),\i medieval Latin \Idepositare\i from Latin \Ideponere deposit-\i (as \J\Xdeponent\x)\j\c
<hw>deposit account</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ICommerce\i a bank account that pays interest but from which money cannot usu. be withdrawn without notice or loss of interest.
<hw>depositary</hw> \K/dI"pQzIt(\F'\n)ri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b a person to whom something is entrusted; a trustee. \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Idepositarius\i (as \J\Xdeposit\x)\j\c
<hw>deposition</hw> \K/dEp\F'\n"zIS(\F'\n)n/, /di:-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or an instance of deposing, esp. a monarch; dethronement.\p\B2\b \ILaw\i \Ba\b the process of giving sworn evidence; allegation. \Bb\b an instance of this. \Bc\b evidence given under oath; a testimony.\p\B3\b the act or an instance of depositing.\p\B4\b \B(the Deposition)\b \IRelig\i \Ba\b the taking down of the body of Christ from the Cross. \Bb\b a representation of this. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Idepositio -onis,\i from \Ideponere:\i see \J\Xdeposit\x\j\c
<hw>depositor</hw> \K/dI"pQzIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i a person who deposits money, property, etc.
<hw>depository</hw> \K/dI"pQzIt(\F'\n)ri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b a storehouse or repository. \Bb\b a store (of wisdom, knowledge, etc.) \3(the book is a depository of wit).\c\p\B2\b = \J\Xdepositary\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Idepositorium\i (as \J\Xdeposit\x)\j\c
<hw>depot</hw> \K/"dEp\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a storehouse.\p\B2\b \IMil.\i \Ba\b a storehouse for equipment etc. \Bb\b the headquarters of a regiment.\p\B3\b \ITransport\i \Ba\b a building for the servicing, parking, etc. of esp. buses, trains, or goods vehicles. \Bb\b \BN. Amer.\b a railway or bus station. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IdΘp⌠t,\i Old French \Idepost\i from Latin (as \J\Xdeposit\x)\j\c
<hw>deprave</hw> \K/dI"preIv/\k \Iv.tr.\i pervert or corrupt, esp. morally. \Bdepravation\b \K/dEpr\F'\n"veIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Idepraver\i or Latin \Idepravare\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Ipravare\i from \Ipravus\i 'crooked')\c
<hw>depravity</hw> \K/dI"pravIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b moral corruption; wickedness. \Bb\b an instance of this; a wicked act.\p\B2\b \ITheol.\i the innate corruptness of human nature. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xde-\x\j + obsolete \Ipravity\i from Latin \Ipravitas\i (as \J\Xdeprave\x)\j\c
<hw>deprecate</hw> \K/"dEprIkeIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b express disapproval of or a wish against (a plan, proceeding, purpose, etc.); deplore; plead earnestly against \3(deprecate hasty action).\c\p\B2\b \Ba\b express disapproval of (a person); reprove. \Bb\b = \J\Xdepreciate\x 2.\j\p\B3\b \IRelig\i \Iarchaic\i pray against. \Bdeprecatingly\b \Iadv.\i \Bdeprecation\b \K/-"keIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bdeprecative\b \K/"dEprIk\F'\ntIv/\k \Iadj.\i \Bdeprecator\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdeprecatory\b \K/-"keIt(\F'\n)ri/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ideprecari\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Iprecari\i 'pray')\c Although frequently encountered, the use of \Ideprecate\i in sense 2b is widely regarded as incorrect. It is especially common, however, and no longer considered incorrect, in combination with \Iself-,\i with \Iself-deprecation,\i \Iself-deprecating,\i and \Iself-deprecatory\i being used far more often than \Iself-depreciation,\i \Iself-depreciating,\i and \Iself-depreciatory.\i
<hw>depreciate</hw> \K/dI"pri:SIeIt/, /-sI-/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr. & intr.\i \IEcon\i diminish in value \3(the pound is still depreciating).\c\p\B2\b \Itr.\i disparage; belittle \3(they are always depreciating his taste).\c\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \IEcon\i reduce the purchasing power of (money). \Kdepreciatingly omitted Sep 93\k\Bdepreciatory\b \K/dI"pri:S(I)\F'\nt(\F'\n)ri/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Idepretiare\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Ipretiare\i from \Ipretium\i 'price')\c See Usage Note at \J\Xdeprecate\x.\j
<hw>depreciation</hw> \K/dI%pri:SI"eIS(\F'\n)n/, /-sI"eI-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the amount of wear and tear (of a property etc.) for which a reduction may be made in a valuation, an estimate, or a balance sheet.\p\B2\b \IEcon.\i \Ba\b the decrease in the value of a currency. \Bb\b an instance of this.\Ksense 2b new f. OERD Jun 94\k\p\B3\b an instance of disparagement; belittlement.
<hw>depredation</hw> \K/dEprI"deIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i\p\B1\b despoiling, ravaging, or plundering.\p\B2\b an instance or instances of this. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IdΘprΘdation\i from Late Latin \Idepraedatio\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Ipraedatio -onis\i from Latin \Ipraedari\i 'plunder')\c
<hw>depredator</hw> \K/"dEprIdeIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pa despoiler or pillager. \Bdepredatory\b \K/"dEprIdeIt(\F'\n)ri/, /dI"prEd\F'\nt(\F'\n)ri/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Idepraedator\i (as \J\Xdepredation\x)\j\c
<hw>depress</hw> \K/dI"prEs/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b push or pull down; lower \3(depressed the lever).\c\p\B2\b make dispirited or dejected.\p\B3\b \IEcon.\i reduce the activity of (esp. trade).\p\B4\b (as \Bdepressed\b \Iadj.)\i \Ba\b dispirited or miserable. \Bb\b \IMed\i \IPsychol.\i suffering from depression. \Bdepressible\b \Iadj.\i \Bdepressing\b \Iadj.\i \Bdepressingly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Idepresser\i from Late Latin \Idepressare\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Ipressare,\i frequentative of \Ipremere\i 'press')\c
<hw>depressant</hw> \K/dI"prEs(\F'\n)nt/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b that depresses.\p\B2\b \IMed.\i sedative.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMed.\i \IPharm\i an agent, esp. a drug, that sedates.\p\B2\b an influence that depresses.
<hw>depressed area</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IEcon\i an area suffering from economic depression.
<hw>depression</hw> \K/dI"prES(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \IMed.\i a pathological state of extreme dejection or melancholy, characterized by a mood of hopelessness and feelings of inadequacy, often with physical symptoms. \Bb\b a reduction in vitality, vigour, or spirits.\p\B2\b \IEcon\i \Ba\b a long period of financial and industrial decline; a slump. \Bb\b \B(the Depression)\b (in the UK) the depression of 1929-34.\p\B3\b \IMeteorol.\i a lowering of atmospheric pressure, esp. the centre of a region of minimum pressure or the system of winds round it.\p\B4\b a sunken place or hollow on a surface.\p\B5\b \Ba\b a lowering or sinking \I(often foll. by \Bof:\b\i \2depression of freezing point).\c \Bb\b pressing down.\p\B6\b \IAstron.\i & \IGeog.\i the angular distance of an object below the horizon or a horizontal plane. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French or Latin \Idepressio\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Ipremere press-\i 'press')\c
<hw>depressive</hw> \K/dI"prEsIv/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b tending to depress.\p\B2\b \IMed\i \IPsychol.\i involving or characterized by depression.\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i \IPsychol.\i a person suffering or with a tendency to suffer from depression. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IdΘpressif -ive\i or medieval Latin \Idepressivus\i (as \J\Xdepression\x)\j\c
<hw>depressor</hw> \K/dI"prEs\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IAnat.\i \Ba\b (in full \Bdepressor muscle)\b a muscle that causes the lowering of some part of the body. \Bb\b a nerve that lowers blood pressure.\p\B2\b \ISurgery\i an instrument for pressing down an organ etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin (as \J\Xdepression\x)\j\c
<hw>depressurize</hw> \K/di:"prES\F'\nrVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b \IPhysics\i cause an appreciable drop in the pressure of the gas inside (a container), esp. to the ambient level. \Bdepressurization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>deprivation</hw> \K/dEprI"veIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bof)\b\i the act or an instance of depriving; the state of being deprived \3(deprivation of liberty;\c \2suffered many deprivations).\c\p\B2\b \ITheol\i \Ba\b deposition from esp. an ecclesiastical office. \Bb\b an instance of this. \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Ideprivatio\i (as \J\Xdeprive\x)\j\c
<hw>deprive</hw> \K/dI"prVIv/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bof)\b\i strip, dispossess; debar from enjoying \3(illness deprived him of success).\c\p\B2\b (as \Bdeprived\b \Iadj.)\i \Ba\b (of a child etc.) suffering from the effects of a poor or loveless home. \Bb\b (of an area) with inadequate housing, facilities, employment, etc.\p\B3\b \ITheol\i \Iarchaic\i depose (esp. a clergyman) from office. \Bdeprivable\b \Iadj.\i \Bdeprival\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Idepriver\i from medieval Latin \Ideprivare\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j Latin \Iprivare\i 'deprive')\c
\B\Ide profundis\b\i \K/deI pr\F'\n"fUndIs/\k \Iadv. & n.\i \Iadv.\i from the depths (of sorrow etc.).\p\In.\i\pa cry from the depths. \BEtymology:\b \3opening Latin words of Psalm 130\c
<hw>Dept.</hw> \Iabbr.\i Department.
<hw>depth</hw> \K/dEpT/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b deepness \3(the depth is not great at the edge).\c \Bb\b the measurement from the top down, from the surface inwards, or from the front to the back \3(depth of the drawer is 12 inches).\c\p\B2\b difficulty; abstruseness.\p\B3\b \Ba\b sagacity; wisdom. \Bb\b intensity of emotion etc. \3(the poem has little depth).\c\p\B4\b an intensity of colour, darkness, etc.\p\B5\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \Ba\b deep water, a deep place; an abyss. \Bb\b a low, depressed state. \Bc\b the lowest or inmost part \3(the depths of the country).\c\p\B6\b the middle \3(in the depth of winter).\c\p\1in depth\c comprehensively, thoroughly, or profoundly (cf. \J\Xin-depth\x).\j\p\1out of one's depth\c\p\B1\b in water over one's head.\p\B2\b engaged in a task or on a subject too difficult for one. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English (as \J\Xdeep\x,\j \J\X-th\x (2))\j\c
<hw>depth charge</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bdepth bomb)\b \IMil\i a bomb capable of exploding under water, esp. for dropping on a submerged submarine etc.
<hw>depth psychology</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPsychol\i psychoanalysis to reveal hidden motives etc.
<hw>depurate</hw> \K/dI"pjU\F'\nreIt/, /"dEpjUreIt/\k \Iv.tr. & intr.\i make or become free from impurities. \Bdepuration\b \K/-"reIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bdepurative\b \K/dI"pjU\F'\nr\F'\ntIv/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Bdepurator\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Idepurare\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Ipurus\i 'pure')\c
<hw>deputation</hw> \K/dEpjU"teIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IDiplomacy etc.\i a group of people appointed to represent others, usu. for a specific purpose; a delegation. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Late Latin \Ideputatio\i (as \J\Xdepute\x)\j\c
<hw>depute</hw> \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.tr.\i \K/dI"pju:t/\k \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i\p\B1\b appoint as a deputy.\p\B2\b delegate (a task, authority, etc.) \3(deputed the leadership to her).\c\p\In.\i\p\K/"dEpju:t/\k \BSc.\b a deputy. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \IdeputΘ,\i past part. of \Ideputer,\i from Latin \Ideputare\i 'regard as, allot' (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Iputare\i 'think')\c
<hw>deputize</hw> \K/"dEpjUtVIz/\k \Iv.intr.\i (also \B-ise)\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bfor)\b\i act as a deputy or understudy.
<hw>deputy</hw> \K/"dEpjUti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b a person appointed or delegated to act for another or others \I(also \Battrib.:\b\i \2deputy manager).\c\p\B2\b \IPolit.\i a parliamentary representative in certain countries, e.g. France.\p\B3\b \BBrit.\b \IMining\i a coal mine official responsible for safety.\p\1by deputy\c by proxy. \Bdeputyship\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English variant of \J\Xdepute\x\p\In.\i\p\j\c
<hw>deputy lieutenant</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IPolit\i the deputy of the Lord Lieutenant of a county.
<hw>deracinate</hw> \K/dI"rasIneIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i \Iliterary\i\p\B1\b tear up by the roots.\p\B2\b obliterate, expunge. \Bderacination\b \K/-"neIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \IdΘraciner\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Iracine\i from Late Latin \Iradicina,\i diminutive of \Iradix\i 'root')\c
<hw>derail</hw> \K/dI"reIl/\k \Iv.tr.\i \I(usu. in \Bpassive)\b\i \IRailways\i cause (a train etc.) to leave the rails. \Bderailment\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \IdΘrailler\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \J\Xrail\x (1))\j\c
<hw>derailleur</hw> \K/dI"reIl\F'\n/, /-lj\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMech\i a bicycle gear in which the ratio is changed by switching the line of the chain while pedalling so that it jumps to a different sprocket.\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED, corpus Mar 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3French \IdΘrailleur\i (as \J\Xderail\x)\j\c
<hw>derange</hw> \K/dI"reIn(d)Z/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b throw into confusion; disorganize; cause to act irregularly.\p\B2\b (esp. as \Bderanged\b \Iadj.)\i \IPsychol\i make insane \3(deranged by the tragic events).\c\p\B3\b disturb; interrupt. \Bderangement\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \IdΘranger\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Irang\i \J\Xrank\x (1))\j\c
<hw>derate</hw> \K/di:"reIt/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IEcon\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i remove part or all of the burden of rates from.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i diminish or remove rates.
<hw>deration</hw> \K/di:"raS(\F'\n)n/\k \Iv.tr.\i \IEcon\i free (food etc.) from rationing.
<hw>Derby</hw> \K/"dA:bi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \IRacing\i \Ba\b an annual horse race run on the flat at Epsom. \Bb\b a similar race elsewhere \3(Kentucky Derby).\c\p\B2\b (also \Bderby)\b \ISport\i \Ba\b any important sporting contest. \Bb\b = \J\Xlocal derby\x.\j\Ksense 2b new f. OERD Jun 94\k\p\B3\b \B(derby)\b \BN. Amer.\b \IFashion\i a bowler hat. \BEtymology:\b \3named after the 12th Earl of \IDerby,\i d. 1834, founder of the horse race\c
<hw>Derby Day</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IRacing\i the day on which the Derby is run.
<hw>derecognize</hw> \K/di:"rEk\F'\ngnVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b \IPolit.\i cease to recognize the status of (esp. a trade union).\Knew f. POD8 Sep 93\k \Bderecognition\b \K/-"nIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Kderecognition new f. SOED, corpus Nov 93\k
\B\Ide rΦgle\b\i \K/d\F'\n "rEgl(\F'\n)/, French /d\F'\n rEgl/\k \Ipredic.adj.\i customary; proper. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = of rule\c
<hw>deregulate</hw> \K/di:"rEgjUleIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i remove regulations or restrictions from. \Bderegulation\b \K/-"leIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>derelict</hw> \K/"dEr\F'\nlIkt/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b abandoned, ownerless (esp. of a ship at sea or an empty decrepit property).\p\B2\b (esp. of property) ruined; dilapidated.\p\B3\b \BN. Amer.\b negligent (of duty etc.).\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a social outcast; a person without a home, a job, or property.\p\B2\b abandoned property, esp. a ship. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iderelictus,\i past part. of \Iderelinquere\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Irelinquere\i 'leave')\c
<hw>dereliction</hw> \K/dEr\F'\n"lIkS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bof)\b\i \ILaw etc.\i \Ba\b neglect; failure to carry out one's obligations \3(dereliction of duty).\c \Bb\b an instance of this.\p\B2\b the act or an instance of abandoning; the fact or process of being abandoned.\p\B3\b \IGeol\i \Ba\b the retreat of the sea exposing new land. \Bb\b the land so exposed. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iderelictio\i (as \J\Xderelict\x)\j\c
<hw>derequisition</hw> \K/%di:rEkwI"zIS(\F'\n)n/\k \Iv.tr.\i return (requisitioned property) to its former owner.
<hw>derestrict</hw> \K/di:rI"strIkt/\k \Iv.tr.\i \ILaw\i\p\B1\b remove restrictions from.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b remove speed restrictions from (a road, area, etc.). \Bderestriction\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>de-rig</hw> \K/di:"rIg/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(de-rigged,\b \Bde-rigging)\b \I(also \Babsol.)\b\i \INaut Aeron\i dismantle the rigging of (a ship or aircraft).\Knew f. corpus, incomings Nov 93\k
<hw>de rigueur</hw> \K/d\F'\n rI"g\F'\n:/\k \Ipredic.adj.\i required by custom or etiquette \3(evening dress is de rigueur).\c \BEtymology:\b \3French, = of strictness\c
<hw>derision</hw> \K/dI"rIZ(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\pridicule; mockery \3(bring into derision).\c\p\1hold (or have) in derision\c \Iarchaic\i mock at. \Bderisible\b \K/dI"rIzIb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Late Latin \Iderisio -onis\i (as \J\Xderide\x)\j\c
<hw>derisory</hw> \K/dI"rVIs(\F'\n)ri/, /-z-/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b so small or unimportant as to be ridiculous \3(derisory offer;\c \2derisory costs).\c\p\B2\b = \J\Xderisive\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Iderisorius\i (as \J\Xderision\x)\j\c Note the difference between \Iderisory\i and \Iderisive.\i Both words mean 'scoffing', but \Iderisory\i also means 'ridiculously small', which is now its more usual sense.
<hw>derivation</hw> \K/dErI"veIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or an instance of deriving or obtaining from a source; the fact or process of being derived.\p\B2\b \ILinguistics\i \Ba\b the formation of a word from another word or from a root. \Bb\b a derivative. \Bc\b the tracing of the origin of a word. \Bd\b a statement or account of this.\p\B3\b extraction, descent.\p\B4\b \IMath.\i a sequence of statements showing that a formula, theorem, etc., is a consequence of previously accepted statements. \Bderivational\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \IdΘrivation\i or Latin \Iderivatio\i (as \J\Xderive\x)\j\c
<hw>derivative</hw> \K/dI"rIv\F'\ntIv/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i derived from another source; not original \3(his music is derivative and uninteresting).\c\p\In.\i\p\B1\b something derived from another source, esp.: \Ba\b \ILinguistics\i a word derived from another or from a root (e.g. \Iquickly\i from \Iquick).\i \Bb\b \IChem.\i a chemical compound that is derived from another.\p\B2\b \IMath.\i a quantity measuring the rate of change of another. \Bderivatively\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \IdΘrivatif -ive\i from Latin \Iderivativus\i (as \J\Xderive\x)\j\c
<hw>derive</hw> \K/dI"rVIv/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bfrom)\b\i get, obtain, or form \3(derived satisfaction from work).\c \Bb\b \I(in \Bpassive;\b foll. by \Bfrom)\b\i (of a word etc.) originate, be formed from.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bfrom)\b\i \Ba\b arise from, originate in, be descended or obtained from \3(happiness derives from many things).\c \Bb\b = sense 1b.\Ksense 1b and 2b new f. SOED Dec 94\k\p\B3\b \Itr.\i gather or deduce \3(derived the information from the clues).\c\p\B4\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b trace the descent of (a person). \Bb\b show the origin of (a thing).\p\B5\b \Itr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bfrom)\b\i \ILinguistics\i show or state the origin or formation of (a word etc.) \3(derived the word from Latin).\c\p\B6\b \Itr.\i \IMath.\i obtain (a function) by differentiation. \Bderivable\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ideriver\i or from Latin \Iderivare\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Irivus\i 'stream')\c
<hw>dermatitis</hw> \K/d\F'\n:m\F'\n"tVItIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i inflammation of the skin. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iderma -atos\i 'skin' + \J\X-itis\x\j\c
<hw>dermatoglyphics</hw> \K/d\F'\n:m\F'\nt\F'\nU"glIfIks/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed Criminol\i the science or study of skin markings or patterns, esp. of the fingers, hands, and feet. \Bdermatoglyphic\b \Iadj.\i \Bdermatoglyphically\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3as \J\Xdermatitis\x\j + Greek \Igluphe\i 'carving': see \J\Xglyph\x\j\c
<hw>dermatology</hw> \K/d\F'\n:m\F'\n"tQl\F'\ndZi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i the study of the diagnosis and treatment of skin disorders. \Bdermatological\b \K/-t\F'\n"lQdZIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Bdermatologist\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3as \J\Xdermatitis\x\j + \J\X-logy\x\j\c
<hw>dermis</hw> \K/"d\F'\n:mIs/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bderm\b \K/d\F'\n:m/\k or \Bderma\b \K/"d\F'\n:m\F'\n/\k)\p\B1\b (in general use) the skin.\p\B2\b \IAnat.\i the true skin, the thick layer of living tissue below the epidermis. \Bdermal\b \Iadj.\i \Bdermic\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin, suggested by \J\Xepidermis\x\j\c
<hw>dernier cri</hw> \K/d\F'\n:njeI "kri:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFashion\i the very latest fashion. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = last cry\c
<hw>derogate</hw> \K/"dEr\F'\ngeIt/\k \Iv.intr.\i \I(foll. by \Bfrom)\b\i \Iformal\i\p\B1\b take away a part from; detract from (a merit, a right, etc.).\p\B2\b deviate from (correct behaviour etc.). \Bderogative\b \K/dI"rQg\F'\ntIv/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iderogare\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Irogare\i 'ask')\c
<hw>derogation</hw> \K/dEr\F'\n"geIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \I(foll. by \Bof)\b\i a lessening or impairment of (a law, authority, position, dignity, etc.).\p\B2\b deterioration; debasement. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from French \IdΘrogation\i or Latin \Iderogatio\i (as \J\Xderogate\x)\j\c
<hw>derogatory</hw> \K/dI"rQg\F'\nt(\F'\n)ri/\k \Iadj.\i \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i involving disparagement or discredit; insulting, depreciatory \3(made a derogatory remark;\c \2derogatory to my position).\c \Bderogatorily\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Iderogatorius\i (as \J\Xderogate\x)\j\c
<hw>derrick</hw> \K/"dErIk/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMech\i\p\B1\b a kind of crane for moving or lifting heavy weights, having a movable pivoted arm.\p\B2\b the framework over an oil well or similar excavation, holding the drilling machinery. \BEtymology:\b \3obsolete senses \Ihangman,\i \Igallows,\i from the name of a London hangman \Ic\i1600\c
<hw>derriΦre</hw> \K/dErI"E\F'\n:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnat\i \Icolloq.\i \Ieuphem.\i the buttocks. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = behind\c
<hw>derring-do</hw> \K/dErIN"du:/\k\p\In.\i\p\Iliterary\i or \Ijoc.\i heroic courage or action. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, = \Idaring to do,\i misinterpreted by Spenser and by Scott\c
<hw>derringer</hw> \K/"dErIn(d)Z\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMil Ballistics\i a small large-bore pistol. \BEtymology:\b \3named after H. \IDeringer,\i American inventor d. 1868\c
<hw>derris</hw> \K/"dErIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBot\i any woody tropical climbing leguminous plant of the genus \IDerris,\i bearing leathery pods.\p\B2\b \IAgriculture Chem\i an insecticide made from the powdered root of some kinds of derris. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from Greek, = leather covering (with reference to its pod)\c
<hw>derry</hw> \K/"dEri/\k\p\In.\i\p\1have a derry on\c \BAustral.\b & \BNZ\b \Icolloq.\i be prejudiced against (a person). \BEtymology:\b \3apparently from the song-refrain \Iderry down\i\c
<hw>dervish</hw> \K/"d\F'\n:vIS/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i a member of any of several Muslim fraternities vowed to poverty and austerity. \BEtymology:\b \3Turkish \Idervis\i from Persian \Idarvesh\i 'poor, a mendicant'\c
<hw>DES</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IEducation\i \Ihist.\i (in the UK) Department of Education and Science (replaced in 1992 by the DFE).
<hw>desalinate</hw> \K/di:"salIneIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i \IChem\i remove salt from (esp. sea water). \Bdesalination\b \K/-"neIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>desalinize</hw> \K/di:"salInVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i \BUS\b \IChem\i = \J\Xdesalinate\x.\j\Knew f. F. Abate, Incs, Nov 94\k \Bdesalinization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>descale</hw> \K/di:"skeIl/\k \Iv.tr.\i remove the scale from.
<hw>descant</hw> \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\K/"dEskant/\k\p\B1\b \IMus.\i an independent treble melody usu. sung or played above a basic melody, esp. of a hymn tune.\p\B2\b \Ipoet.\i a melody; a song. \Iv.intr.\i \K/dI"skant/, /dE-/\k\p\B1\b \I(foll. by \Bon,\b \Bupon)\b\i talk lengthily and tediously, esp. in praise of.\p\B2\b \IMus.\i sing or play a descant. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ideschant\i from medieval Latin \Idiscantus\i (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \Icantus\i 'song, \J\Xchant\x\j')\c
<hw>descant recorder</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IMus\i the most common size of recorder, with a range of two octaves.
<hw>descend</hw> \K/dI"sEnd/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr. & intr.\i go or come down (a hill, stairs, etc.).\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i (of a thing) sink, fall \3(rain descended heavily).\c\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i slope downwards, lie along a descending slope \3(fields descended to the beach).\c\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bon)\b\i \Ba\b make a sudden attack. \Bb\b make an unexpected and usu. unwelcome visit \3(hope they don't descend on us at the weekend).\c\p\B5\b \Iintr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bfrom,\b \Bto)\b\i (of property, qualities, rights, etc.) be passed by inheritance \3(the house descends from my grandmother;\c \2the property descended to me).\c\p\B6\b \Iintr.\i \Ba\b sink in rank, quality, etc. \Bb\b \I(foll. by \Bto)\b\i degrade oneself or stoop morally to (an unworthy act) \3(descend to violence).\c\p\B7\b \Iintr.\i \IMus.\i (of sound) become lower in pitch.\p\B8\b \Iintr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bto)\b\i proceed (in discourse or writing): \Ba\b in time (to a subsequent event etc.). \Bb\b from the general (to the particular) \3(now let's descend to details).\c\p\B9\b \Itr.\i go along (a river etc.) to the sea etc.\p\B10\b \Iintr.\i \ICalligraphy\i \IPrinting\i (of a letter) have its tail below the line.\p\1be descended from\c have as an ancestor. \Bdescendent\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Idescendre\i from Latin \Idescendere\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Iscandere\i 'climb')\c
<hw>descendant</hw> \K/dI"sEnd(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(often foll. by \Bof)\b\i a person or thing descended from another \3(a descendant of Charles I).\c \BEtymology:\b \3French, part. of \Idescendre\i (as \J\Xdescend\x)\j\c
<hw>descender</hw> \K/dI"sEnd\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICalligraphy\i \IPrinting\i a part of a letter that extends below the line.
<hw>descendible</hw> \K/dI"sEndIb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b (of a slope etc.) that may be descended.\p\B2\b \ILaw\i capable of descending by inheritance. \BEtymology:\b \3Old French \Idescendable\i (as \J\Xdescend\x)\j\c
<hw>descent</hw> \K/dI"sEnt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the act of descending. \Bb\b an instance of this. \Bc\b a downward movement.\p\B2\b \Ba\b a way or path etc. by which one may descend. \Bb\b a downward slope.\p\B3\b \Ba\b being descended; lineage, family origin \3(traces his descent from William the Conqueror).\c \Bb\b the transmission of qualities, property, privileges, etc., by inheritance.\p\B4\b \Ba\b a decline; a fall. \Bb\b a lowering (of pitch, temperature, etc.).\p\B5\b a sudden violent attack. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Idescente,\i from \Idescendre\i \J\Xdescend\x\j\c
<hw>descramble</hw> \K/di:"skramb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iv.tr.\i \IElectronics\i\p\B1\b convert or restore (a signal) to intelligible form.\p\B2\b counteract the effects of (a scrambling device).\p\B3\b recover an original signal from (a scrambled signal). \Bdescrambler\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>describe</hw> \K/dI"skrVIb/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b state the characteristics, appearance, etc. of, in spoken or written form \3(described the landscape).\c \Bb\b \I(foll. by \Bas)\b\i assert to be; call \3(described him as a habitual liar).\c\p\B2\b \IGeom\i \Ba\b mark out or draw (esp. a geometrical figure) \3(described a triangle).\c \Bb\b move in (a specified way, esp. a curve) \3(described a parabola through the air).\c \Bdescribable\b \Iadj.\i \Bdescriber\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idescribere\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Iscribere script-\i 'write')\c
<hw>description</hw> \K/dI"skrIpS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the act or an instance of describing; the process of being described. \Bb\b a spoken or written representation (of a person, object, or event).\p\B2\b a sort, kind, or class \3(no food of any description).\c\p\1answers (or fits) the description\c has the qualities specified. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Idescriptio -onis\i (as \J\Xdescribe\x)\j\c
<hw>descriptive</hw> \K/dI"skrIptIv/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b serving or seeking to describe \3(a descriptive writer).\c\p\B2\b describing or classifying without expressing feelings or judging \3(a purely descriptive account).\c\p\B3\b \ILinguistics\i describing a language without comparing, endorsing, or condemning particular usage, vocabulary, etc. \I(opp.\i \J\Xprescriptive\x).\j\p\B4\b \IGram.\i (of an adjective) describing the noun, rather than its relation, position, etc., e.g. \Iblue\i as distinct from \Ifew.\i \Bdescriptively\b \Iadv.\i \Bdescriptiveness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Idescriptivus\i (as \J\Xdescribe\x)\j\c
<hw>descriptor</hw> \K/dI"skrIpt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILinguistics\i a word or expression etc. used to describe or identify. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = describer (as \J\Xdescribe\x)\j\c
<hw>descry</hw> \K/dI"skrVI/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(-ies,\b \B-ied)\b \Iliterary\i catch sight of; discern \3(descried him in the crowd;\c \2descries no glimmer of light in her situation).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English (earlier senses 'proclaim, \J\Xdecry\x\j') from Old French \Idescrier:\i probably confused with variant of obsolete \Idescrive\i from Old French \Idescrivre\i \J\Xdescribe\x\j\c
<hw>desecrate</hw> \K/"dEsIkreIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i \IRelig. etc.\i\p\B1\b violate (a sacred place or thing) with violence, profanity, etc.\p\B2\b deprive (a church, a sacred object, etc.) of sanctity; deconsecrate. \Bdesecration\b \K/-"kreIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bdesecrator\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xde-\x\j + \J\Xconsecrate\x\j\c
<hw>deseed</hw> \K/di:"si:d/\k \Iv.tr.\i \BBrit.\b \ICookery\i remove the seeds from (a plant, vegetable, etc.).
<hw>deseeder</hw> \K/di:"si:d\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i a machine for deseeding.\Knew f. News Sep 93\k
<hw>desegregate</hw> \K/di:"sEgrIgeIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i \IPolit Sociol\i abolish racial segregation in (schools etc.) or of (people etc.). \Bdesegregation\b \K/-"geIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>deselect</hw> \K/di:sI"lEkt/\k \Iv.tr.\i \BBrit.\b \IPolit.\i decline to select or retain as a constituency candidate in an election. \Bdeselection\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>desensitize</hw> \K/di:"sEnsItVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b \IMed. etc.\i reduce or destroy the sensitiveness of (photographic materials to light, a person to an allergen, etc.). \Bdesensitization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bdesensitizer\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>desert (1)</hw> \K/dI"z\F'\n:t/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i abandon, give up, leave \3(deserted the sinking ship).\c\p\B2\b \Itr.\i forsake or abandon (a cause or a person, people, etc., having claims on one) \3(deserted his wife and children).\c\p\B3\b \Itr.\i fail \3(his presence of mind deserted him).\c\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i \IMil.\i run away (esp. from military service).\p\B5\b \Itr.\i (as \Bdeserted\b \Iadj.)\i empty, abandoned \3(a deserted house).\c \Bdeserter\b\p\In.\i\p(in sense 4). \Bdesertion\b \K/-"z\F'\n:S(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \IdΘserter\i via Late Latin \Idesertare\i from Latin \Idesertus\i (as \J\Xdesert\x (2))\j\c
<hw>desert (2)</hw> \K/"dEz\F'\nt/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IGeog\i a dry barren often sand-covered area of land, characteristically desolate, waterless, and without vegetation.\p\B2\b an uninteresting or barren subject, period, etc. \3(a cultural desert).\c \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b uninhabited, desolate.\p\B2\b uncultivated, barren. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Idesertus,\i ecclesiastical Latin \Idesertum\i \I(n.),\i past part. of \Ideserere\i 'leave, forsake'\c
<hw>desert (3)</hw> \K/dI"z\F'\n:t/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \Ba\b acts or qualities deserving reward or punishment. \Bb\b such reward or punishment (esp. in phr. \Bget one's just deserts).\b\p\B2\b the fact of being worthy of reward or punishment; deservingness. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from \Ideservir\i \J\Xdeserve\x\j\c
<hw>desert boot</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IClothing\i a suede etc. boot reaching to or extending just above the ankle.
<hw>desertification</hw> \K/dE%z\F'\n:tIfI"keIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\pthe process of making or becoming a desert.
<hw>desert island</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IGeol\i a remote (usu. tropical) island presumed to be uninhabited.
<hw>desert rat</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IMil\i \Icolloq.\i a soldier of the 7th British armoured division (with the jerboa as a badge) in the N. African desert campaign of 1941-2.
<hw>deserve</hw> \K/dI"z\F'\n:v/\k \Iv.tr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bto\b + infin.)\i show conduct or qualities worthy of (reward, punishment, etc.) \3(deserves to be imprisoned;\c \2deserves a prize).\c\p\1deserve well (or ill) of\c be worthy of good (or bad) treatment at the hands of \3(deserves well of the electorate).\c \Bdeservedly\b \K/-vIdli/\k \Iadv.\i \Bdeservedness\b \K/-vIdnIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\Kdeserver omitted Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ideservir\i from Latin \Ideservire\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Iservire\i 'serve')\c
<hw>deserving</hw> \K/dI"z\F'\n:vIN/\k \Iadj.\i meritorious.\p\1deserving of\c showing conduct or qualities worthy of (praise, blame, help, etc.). \Bdeservingly\b \Iadv.\i \Bdeservingness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>desex</hw> \K/di:"sEks/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \IVet Zool\i castrate or spay (an animal).\p\B2\b deprive of sexual qualities or attraction.
<hw>desexualize</hw> \K/di:"sEksjU\F'\nlVIz/, /-"sEkSU\F'\nl-/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b deprive of sexual character or of the distinctive qualities of a sex.
\B\IdΘshabillΘ\b\i \K/dEza"bi:eI/, French /dezabije/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \B\IdΘshabille\b\i \K/deIza"bi:l/, French /dezabi/\k, \Bdishabille\b \K/dIsa"bi:l/\k) a state of being only partly or carelessly clothed. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = undressed\c
<hw>desiccant</hw> \K/"dEsIk(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i a hygroscopic substance used as a drying agent.
<hw>desiccator</hw> \K/"dEsIkeIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an apparatus for desiccating.\p\B2\b \IChem.\i an apparatus containing a drying agent to remove the moisture from specimens.
<hw>desiderate</hw> \K/dI"zId\F'\nreIt/, /-"sId-/\k \Iv.tr.\i \Iarchaic\i feel to be missing; regret the absence of; wish to have. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idesiderare\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Isiderare\i as in \J\Xconsider\x)\j\c
<hw>desiderative</hw> \K/dI"zId(\F'\n)r\F'\ntIv/, /-"sId-/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IGram.\i (of a verb, conjugation, etc.) formed from another verb etc. and denoting a desire to perform the action of that verb etc.\p\B2\b desiring.\p\In.\i\p\IGram.\i a desiderative verb, conjugation, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Idesiderativus\i (as \J\Xdesiderate\x)\j\c
<hw>desideratum</hw> \K/dI%zId\F'\n"rA:t\F'\nm/, /-"reIt\F'\nm/; /-%sId-/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bdesiderata\b \K/-t\F'\n/\k) something that is needed or desirable. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, neut. past part. of \Idesiderare\i \J\Xdesiderate\x\j\c
<hw>design</hw> \K/dI"zVIn/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a preliminary plan, sketch, or concept, for the making or production of a building, machine, garment, etc. \Bb\b the art of producing these.\p\B2\b a scheme of lines or shapes forming a pattern or decoration.\p\B3\b a plan, purpose, or intention.\p\B4\b \Ba\b an example or a completed version of a sketch, concept, or pattern.\Knew f. NSOED Jun 94\k \Bb\b an established version of a product \3(one of our most popular designs).\c \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b produce a design for (a building, machine, picture, garment, etc.).\p\B2\b intend, plan, or purpose \3(the remark was designed to offend;\c \2a course designed for beginners;\c \2designed an attack).\c\p\B3\b \I\B(absol.)\b\i be a designer.\p\1by design\c on purpose.\p\1have designs on\c have one's sights set on; plan to attack or appropriate. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IdΘsigner\i 'appoint' or obsolete French \Idesseing,\i ultimately from Latin \Idesignare\i \J\Xdesignate\x\j\c
<hw>designate</hw> \Iv. & adj.\i \Iv.tr.\i \K/"dEzIgneIt/\k\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bas)\b\i appoint to an office or function \3(designated him as postmaster general;\c \2designated his own successor).\c\p\B2\b specify or particularize \3(receives guests at designated times).\c\p\B3\b \I(often foll. by \Bas)\b\i describe as; entitle, style.\p\B4\b serve as the name or distinctive mark of \3(English uses French words to designate ballet steps).\c \Iadj.\i \K/"dEzIgn\F'\nt/\k \I(placed after noun)\i appointed to an office but not yet installed \3(bishop designate).\c \Bdesignator\b \K/-neIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idesignat-,\i past part. stem of \Idesignare\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Isignare\i from \Isignum\i 'mark')\c
<hw>designation</hw> \K/dEzIg"neIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a name, description, or title.\p\B2\b the act or process of designating. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Idesignation\i or Latin \Idesignatio\i (as \J\Xdesignate\x)\j\c
<hw>designedly</hw> \K/dI"zVInIdli/\k \Iadv.\i by design; on purpose.
<hw>designer</hw> \K/dI"zVIn\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person who makes artistic designs or plans for construction, e.g. for clothing, machines, theatre sets; a draughtsman.\p\B2\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i \IFashion\i (of clothing etc.) bearing the name or label of a famous designer; prestigious.
<hw>designer drug</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IChem Pharm\i a synthetic analogue of an illegal drug, esp. one not itself illegal.
<hw>designing</hw> \K/dI"zVInIN/\k \Iadj.\i crafty, artful, or scheming. \Bdesigningly\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>desirable</hw> \K/dI"zVI\F'\nr\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b worth having or wishing for \3(it is desirable that nobody should smoke).\c\p\B2\b arousing sexual desire; very attractive.\p\In.\i\pa desirable person or thing.\Knoun new f. corpus, SOED Sep 93\k \Bdesirability\b \K/-"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bdesirableness\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdesirably\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French (as \J\Xdesire\x)\j\c
<hw>desire</hw> \K/dI"zVI\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b an unsatisfied longing or craving. \Bb\b an expression of this; a request \3(expressed a desire to rest).\c\p\B2\b sexual appetite, lust.\p\B3\b something desired \3(achieved his heart's desire).\c \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \I(often foll. by \Bto\b + infin., or \Bthat\b + clause)\i long for; crave. \Bb\b feel sexual desire for.\Ksense 1b new f. OERD, NSOED Jun 94\k\p\B2\b request \3(desires a cup of tea).\c\p\B3\b \Iarchaic\i pray, entreat, or command \3(desire him to wait).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Idesir,\i from \Idesirer,\i from Latin \Idesiderare\i \J\Xdesiderate\x\j\c
<hw>desirous</hw> \K/dI"zVI\F'\nr\F'\ns/\k \Ipredic.adj.\i\p\B1\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bof)\b\i ambitious, desiring \3(desirous of stardom;\c \2desirous of doing well).\c\p\B2\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bto\b + infin., or \Bthat\b + clause)\i wishful; hoping \3(desirous to do the right thing).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Anglo-French \Idesirous,\i Old French \Idesireus\i from Romanic (as \J\Xdesire\x)\j\c
<hw>desist</hw> \K/dI"zIst/, /dI"sIst/\k \Iv.intr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bfrom)\b\i \Iliterary\i abstain; cease \3(please desist from interrupting;\c \2when requested, he desisted).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Old French \Idesister\i from Latin \Idesistere\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Isistere\i 'stop', reduplication of \Istare\i 'stand')\c
<hw>desk</hw> \K/dEsk/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IFurniture\i a piece of furniture with a flat or sloped surface for writing on, and often drawers.\p\B2\b \IFurniture\i a counter in a hotel, bank, etc., which separates the customer from the assistant.\p\B3\b a section of a newspaper office, radio station, etc., dealing with a specified topic \3(the sports desk;\c \2the features desk).\c\p\B4\b \IMus.\i a music stand in an orchestra regarded as a unit of two players. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via medieval Latin \Idesca\i from Latin \J\Xdiscus\x\j 'disc'\c
<hw>desk-bound</hw> \Iadj.\i obliged to remain working at a desk.
<hw>deskill</hw> \K/di:"skIl/\k \Iv.tr.\i \IIndustry Commerce\i\p\B1\b render (a skilled worker) unskilled.\p\B2\b remove the need for skill from (a job, production, etc.).\Knew f. OED, corpus Nov 93\k
<hw>desktop</hw> \K/"dEsktQp/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the working surface of a desk.\p\B2\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i \IComputing\i (esp. of a microcomputer) suitable for use at an ordinary desk.
<hw>desktop publishing</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPrinting Publishing\i the production of printed matter with a desktop computer and printer.
<hw>desman</hw> \K/"dEsm\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bdesmans)\b \IZool\i either of two aquatic flesh-eating shrewlike mammals, one originating in Russia (Desmana moschata) and one in the Pyrenees (Galemys pyrenaicus). \BEtymology:\b \3French & German from Swedish \Idesman-rσtta\i 'muskrat'\c
<hw>desmid</hw> \K/"dEsmId/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a microscopic unicellular freshwater alga of the family Desmidiaceae.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Jan 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin genus name \IDesmidium,\i from Greek \Idesmos\i 'band, chain'\c
<hw>desolate</hw> \Iadj. & v.\i \Iadj.\i \K/"dEs(\F'\n)l\F'\nt/\k\p\B1\b left alone; solitary.\p\B2\b (of a building or place) uninhabited, ruined, neglected, barren, dreary, empty \3(a desolate moor).\c\p\B3\b forlorn; wretched; miserable \3(was left desolate and weeping).\c \Iv.tr.\i \K/"dEs\F'\nleIt/\k\p\B1\b depopulate or devastate; lay waste to.\p\B2\b (esp. as \Bdesolated\b \Iadj.)\i make wretched or forlorn \3(desolated by grief;\c \2inconsolable and desolated).\c \Bdesolately\b \K/-l\F'\ntli/\k \Iadv.\i \Bdesolateness\b \K/-l\F'\ntnIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bdesolator\b \K/-leIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Idesolatus,\i past part. of \Idesolare\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Isolare\i from \Isolus\i 'alone')\c
<hw>desolation</hw> \K/dEs\F'\n"leIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the act of desolating. \Bb\b the process of being desolated.\p\B2\b loneliness, grief, or wretchedness, esp. caused by desertion.\p\B3\b a neglected, ruined, barren, or empty state. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Late Latin \Idesolatio\i (as \J\Xdesolate\x)\j\c
<hw>desorb</hw> \K/di:"sO:b/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\IChem Physics\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i cause the release of (an adsorbed substance) from a surface.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i (of an adsorbed substance) become released. \Bdesorbent\b \Iadj. & n.\i \Bdesorption\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xde-\x,\j \J\Xadsorb\x\j\c
<hw>despair</hw> \K/dI"spE:/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\pthe complete loss or absence of hope. \Iv.intr.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bof)\b\i lose or be without hope \3(despaired of ever seeing her again).\c\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bof)\b\i lose hope about \3(his life is despaired of).\c\p\1be the despair of\c be the cause of despair by badness or unapproachable excellence \3(he's the despair of his parents).\c \Bdespairingly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Idesespeir,\i \Idesperer\i from Latin \Idesperare\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Isperare\i 'hope')\c
<hw>despatch</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xdispatch\x.\j
<hw>desperado</hw> \K/dEsp\F'\n"rA:d\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-oes\b or \BUS\b \B-os)\b \ICriminol\i a desperate or reckless person, esp. a criminal. \BEtymology:\b \3pseudo-Spanish from obsolete noun \J\Xdesperate\x\j\c
<hw>desperate</hw> \K/"dEsp(\F'\n)r\F'\nt/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b reckless from despair; violent and lawless.\p\B2\b \Ba\b extremely dangerous or serious \3(a desperate situation).\c \Bb\b staking all on a small chance \3(a desperate remedy).\c\p\B3\b very bad \3(a desperate night;\c \2desperate poverty).\c\p\B4\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bfor)\b\i needing or desiring very much \3(desperate for recognition).\c \Bdesperately\b \Iadv.\i \Bdesperateness\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdesperation\b \K/-"reIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Idesperatus,\i past part. of \Idesperare\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Isperare\i 'hope')\c
<hw>despise</hw> \K/dI"spVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i look down on as inferior, worthless, or contemptible. \Bdespiser\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from \Idespis-,\i pres. stem of Old French \Idespire,\i from Latin \Idespicere\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Ispecere\i 'look at')\c
<hw>despite</hw> \K/dI"spVIt/\k \Iprep. & n.\i \Iprep.\i in spite of.\p\In.\i\p\Iarchaic\i or \Iliterary\i\p\B1\b outrage, injury.\p\B2\b malice, hatred \3(died of mere despite).\c\p\1despite (or in despite) of\c \Iarchaic\i in spite of. \Bdespiteful\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Idespit\i from Latin \Idespectus\i 'looking down on', from \Idespicere\i (as \J\Xdespise\x)\j\c
<hw>despoil</hw> \K/dI"spOIl/\k \Iv.tr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bof)\b\i \Iliterary\i plunder; rob; deprive \3(despoiled the roof of its lead).\c \Bdespoiler\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdespoilment\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdespoliation\b \K/dI%sp\F'\nUlI"eIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Idespoill(i)er\i from Latin \Idespoliare\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Ispoliare\i \J\Xspoil\x)\j\c
<hw>despondent</hw> \K/dI"spQnd(\F'\n)nt/\k \Iadj.\i in low spirits, dejected. \Bdespondence\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdespondency\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdespondently\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>despot</hw> \K/"dEspQt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPolit\i an absolute ruler.\p\B2\b a tyrant or oppressor. \Bdespotic\b \K/-"spQtIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Bdespotically\b \K/-"spQtIk(\F'\n)li/\k \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Idespote\i via medieval Latin \Idespota\i from Greek \Idespotes\i 'master, lord'\c
<hw>despotism</hw> \K/"dEsp\F'\ntIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b rule by a despot. \Bb\b a country ruled by a despot.\p\B2\b absolute power or control; tyranny.
<hw>desquamate</hw> \K/"dEskw\F'\nmeIt/\k \Iv.intr.\i \IMed.\i (esp. of the skin) come off in scales (as in some diseases). \Bdesquamation\b \K/-"meIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bdesquamative\b \K/-"skwam\F'\ntIv/\k \Iadj.\i \Bdesquamatory\b \K/-"skwam\F'\nt(\F'\n)ri/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idesquamare\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Isquama\i 'scale')\c
<hw>dessert</hw> \K/dI"z\F'\n:t/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICookery Food\i\p\B1\b the sweet course of a meal, served at or near the end.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b a course of fruit, nuts, etc., served after a meal. \BEtymology:\b \3French, past part. of \Idesservir\i 'clear the table' (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \Iservir\i \J\Xserve\x)\j\c
<hw>dessertspoon</hw> \K/dI"z\F'\n:tspu:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMeasure\i\p\B1\b a spoon used for dessert, smaller than a tablespoon and larger than a teaspoon.\p\B2\b the amount held by this. \Bdessertspoonful\b\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-fuls).\b
<hw>dessert wine</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IDrink\i usu. sweet wine drunk with or following dessert.
<hw>destination</hw> \K/dEstI"neIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\pa place to which a person or thing is going. \BEtymology:\b \3Old French \Idestination\i or Latin \Idestinatio\i (as \J\Xdestine\x)\j\c
<hw>destine</hw> \K/"dEstIn/\k \Iv.tr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bto,\b \Bfor,\b or \Bto\b + infin.)\i set apart; appoint; preordain; intend \3(destined him for the navy).\c\p\1be destined to\c be fated or preordained to \3(was destined to become a great man).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via French \Idestiner\i from Latin \Idestinare\i (ultimately from \Istare\i 'stand')\c
<hw>destiny</hw> \K/"dEstIni/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b the predetermined course of events; fate. \Bb\b this regarded as a power.\p\B2\b what is destined to happen to a particular person etc. \3(it was their destiny to be rejected).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \IdestinΘe\i from Romanic, past part. of \Idestinare:\i see \J\Xdestine\x\j\c
<hw>destitute</hw> \K/"dEstItju:t/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b without food, shelter, etc.; completely impoverished.\p\B2\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bof)\b\i lacking \3(destitute of friends).\c \Bdestitution\b \K/-"tju:S(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Idestitutus,\i past part. of \Idestituere\i 'forsake' (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Istatuere\i 'place')\c
<hw>destock</hw> \K/di:"stQk/\k \Iv.intr.\i reduce the stock or quantity held.\Knew f. corpus, SOED Nov 93\k
<hw>destrier</hw> \K/"dEstrI\F'\n/, /dE"stri:\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i \Ihist.\i a warhorse. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Anglo-French \Idestrer,\i Old French \Idestrier,\i ultimately from Latin \J\Xdexter\x (1)\j 'right' (as the knight's horse was led by the squire with the right hand)\c
<hw>destroy</hw> \K/dI"strOI/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b pull or break down; demolish \3(destroyed the bridge).\c\p\B2\b put an end to \3(the accident destroyed her confidence).\c\p\B3\b kill (esp. a sick or savage animal) by humane means.\p\B4\b make useless; spoil utterly.\p\B5\b ruin financially, professionally, or in reputation.\p\B6\b defeat utterly \3(destroyed the enemy).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Idestruire,\i ultimately from Latin \Idestruere\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Istruere struct-\i 'build')\c
<hw>destroyer</hw> \K/dI"strOI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person or thing that destroys.\p\B2\b \INaut.\i a fast warship with guns and torpedoes used to protect other ships.
<hw>destroying angel</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a poisonous white toadstool, Amanita virosa.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Jan 94\k
<hw>destruct</hw> \K/dI"strVkt/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i destroy (esp. one's own rocket) deliberately, esp. for safety reasons.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i be destroyed in this way.\p\In.\i\pan act of destructing a rocket etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idestruere\i (as \J\Xdestroy\x)\j or as back-formation from \J\Xdestruction\x\j\c
<hw>destructible</hw> \K/dI"strVktIb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i able to be destroyed. \Bdestructibility\b \K/-"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Idestructible\i or Late Latin \Idestructibilis\i (as \J\Xdestroy\x)\j\c
<hw>destruction</hw> \K/dI"strVkS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or an instance of destroying; the process of being destroyed.\p\B2\b a cause of ruin; something that destroys \3(greed was their destruction).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Idestructio -onis\i (as \J\Xdestroy\x)\j\c
<hw>destructive</hw> \K/dI"strVktIv/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bto,\b \Bof)\b\i destroying or tending to destroy \3(destructive of her peace of mind;\c \2is destructive to organisms;\c \2a destructive child).\c\p\B2\b negative in attitude or criticism; refuting without suggesting, helping, amending, etc. \I(opp.\i \J\Xconstructive\x)\j \3(has only destructive criticism to offer).\c \Bdestructively\b \Iadv.\i \Bdestructiveness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Idestructif -ive\i from Late Latin \Idestructivus\i (as \J\Xdestroy\x)\j\c
<hw>destructor</hw> \K/dI"strVkt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b a refuse-burning furnace.
<hw>desuetude</hw> \K/dI"sju:Itju:d/, /"dEswI-/\k\p\In.\i\pa state of disuse \3(the custom fell into desuetude).\c \BEtymology:\b \3French \IdΘsuΘtude\i or Latin \Idesuetudo\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Isuescere suet-\i 'be accustomed')\c
<hw>desulphurize</hw> \K/di:"sVlf\F'\nrVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise,\b \BUS\b \Bdesulfurize)\b \IChem\i remove sulphur or sulphur compounds from. \Bdesulphurization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Jan 94\k
<hw>desultory</hw> \K/"dEs(\F'\n)lt(\F'\n)ri/, /-z-/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b going constantly from one subject to another, esp. in a half-hearted way.\p\B2\b disconnected; unmethodical; superficial. \Bdesultorily\b \Iadv.\i \Bdesultoriness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idesultorius\i 'superficial', from \Idesultor\i 'vaulter' from \Idesult-\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Isalt-,\i past part. stem of \Isalire\i 'leap')\c
<hw>detach</hw> \K/dI"tatS/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bfrom)\b\i unfasten or disengage and remove \3(detached the buttons;\c \2detached himself from the group).\c\p\B2\b \IMil.\i send (a ship, regiment, officer, messenger, etc.) on a separate mission.\p\B3\b (as \Bdetached\b \Iadj.)\i \Ba\b impartial; unemotional \3(a detached viewpoint).\c \Bb\b \Besp. Brit.\b (esp. of a house) not joined to another or others; separate. \Bdetachable\b \Iadj.\i \Bdetachedly\b \K/dI"tatSIdli/\k \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \IdΘtacher\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \J\Xattach\x)\j\c
<hw>detached retina</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMed.\i a retina that has become detached from the underlying tissue, causing partial or total blindness.\Knew f. (after) News Sep 93\k
<hw>detachment</hw> \K/dI"tatSm(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a state of aloofness from or indifference to other people, one's surroundings, public opinion, etc. \Bb\b disinterested independence of judgement.\p\B2\b \Ba\b the act or process of detaching or being detached. \Bb\b an instance of this.\p\B3\b \IMil.\i a separate group or unit of an army etc. used for a specific purpose. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IdΘtachement\i (as \J\Xdetach\x)\j\c
<hw>detail</hw> \K/"di:teIl/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a small or subordinate particular; an item. \Bb\b such a particular, considered (ironically) to be unimportant \3(the truth of the statement is just a detail).\c\p\B2\b \IArt\i \Ba\b small items or particulars (esp. in an artistic work) regarded collectively \3(has an eye for detail).\c \Bb\b the treatment of them \3(the detail was insufficient and unconvincing).\c\p\B3\b \I(often in \Bpl.)\b\i a number of particulars; an aggregate of small items \3(filled in the details on the form).\c\p\B4\b \IArt\i \Ba\b a minor decoration on a building, in a picture, etc. \Bb\b a small part of a picture etc. shown alone.\p\B5\b \IMil.\i \Ba\b the distribution of orders for the day. \Bb\b a small detachment of soldiers etc. for special duty. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b give particulars of \3(detailed the plans).\c\p\B2\b relate circumstantially \3(detailed the anecdote).\c\p\B3\b \IMil.\i assign for special duty.\p\B4\b (as \Bdetailed\b \Iadj.)\i \Ba\b (of a picture, story, etc.) having many details. \Bb\b itemized \3(a detailed list).\c\p\1go into detail\c give all the items or particulars.\p\1in detail\c item by item, minutely. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IdΘtail,\i \IdΘtailler\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Itailler\i 'cut', formed as \J\Xtail\x (2))\j\c
<hw>detain</hw> \K/dI"teIn/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \ILaw Polit\i keep in confinement or under restraint.\p\B2\b keep waiting; delay. \Bdetainment\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Idetenir,\i ultimately from Latin \Idetinere detent-\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Itenere\i 'hold')\c
<hw>detainee</hw> \K/dIteI"ni:/, /di:-/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILaw Polit\i a person detained in custody, esp. for political reasons.
<hw>detainer</hw> \K/dI"teIn\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i\p\B1\b the wrongful detaining of goods taken from the owner for distraint etc.\p\B2\b the detention of a person in prison etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Anglo-French \Idetener\i from Old French \Idetenir\i (as \J\Xdetain\x)\j\c
<hw>detect</hw> \K/dI"tEkt/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \ICriminol\i \Ba\b \I(often foll. by \Bin)\b\i reveal the guilt of; discover \3(detected him in his crime).\c \Bb\b discover (a crime).\p\B2\b discover or perceive the existence or presence of \3(detected a smell of burning;\c \2do I detect a note of sarcasm?).\c\p\B3\b \IPhysics\i use an instrument to observe (a signal, radiation, etc.). \Bdetectable\b \Iadj.\i \Bdetectably\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idetegere detect-\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Itegere\i 'cover')\c
<hw>detection</hw> \K/dI"tEkS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or an instance of detecting; the process or an instance of being detected.\p\B2\b \ICriminol\i the work of a detective.\p\B3\b \IPhysics\i the extraction of a desired signal; a demodulation. \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Idetectio\i (as \J\Xdetect\x)\j\c
<hw>detective</hw> \K/dI"tEktIv/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\I(often \Battrib.)\b\i \ICriminol\i a person, esp. a member of a police force, employed to investigate crimes. \Iadj.\i serving to detect. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xdetect\x\j\c
<hw>detector</hw> \K/dI"tEkt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person or thing that detects.\p\B2\b \IPhysics\i a device for the detection or demodulation of signals.
<hw>detent</hw> \K/dI"tEnt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMech\i\p\B1\b a catch by the release of which machinery is allowed to move.\p\B2\b (in a clock etc.) a catch that regulates striking. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IdΘtente\i from Old French \Idestente,\i from \Idestendre\i 'slacken' (as \J\Xde-\x,\j Latin \Itendere)\i\c
<hw>dΘtente</hw> \K/deI"tA:nt/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bdetente)\b \IPolit\i an easing of strained relations esp. between states. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = relaxation\c
<hw>detention</hw> \K/dI"tEnS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b detaining or being detained.\p\B2\b \Ba\b being kept in school after hours as a punishment. \Bb\b an instance of this.\p\B3\b custody; confinement. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IdΘtention\i or Late Latin \Idetentio\i (as \J\Xdetain\x)\j\c
<hw>detention centre</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICriminol\i an institution for the brief detention of esp. young offenders.
<hw>deter</hw> \K/dI"t\F'\n:/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(deterred,\b \Bdeterring)\b\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bfrom)\b\i discourage or prevent (a person) through fear or dislike of the consequences.\p\B2\b discourage, check, or prevent (a thing, process, etc.).\Kdeterment omitted Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ideterrere\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Iterrere\i 'frighten')\c
<hw>detergent</hw> \K/dI"t\F'\n:dZ(\F'\n)nt/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IChem\i a water-soluble cleansing agent which combines with impurities and dirt to make them more soluble, and differs from soap in not forming a scum with the salts in hard water.\p\B2\b any additive with a similar action, e.g. holding dirt in suspension in lubricating oil. \Iadj.\i cleansing, esp. in the manner of a detergent. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idetergere\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Itergere ters-\i 'wipe')\c
<hw>deteriorate</hw> \K/dI"tI\F'\nrI\F'\nreIt/\k \Iv.tr. & intr.\i make or become bad or worse \3(food deteriorates in hot weather;\c \2his condition deteriorated after the operation).\c \Bdeterioration\b \K/-"reIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bdeteriorative\b \K/-r\F'\ntIv/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Ideteriorare deteriorat-\i from Latin \Ideterior\i 'worse'\c
<hw>determinant</hw> \K/dI"t\F'\n:mIn\F'\nnt/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i serving to determine or define.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a determining factor, element, word, etc.\p\B2\b \IMath.\i a quantity obtained by the addition of products of the elements of a square matrix according to a given rule. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ideterminare\i (as \J\Xdetermine\x)\j\c
<hw>determinate</hw> \K/dI"t\F'\n:mIn\F'\nt/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b limited in time, space, or character.\p\B2\b of definite scope or nature. \Bdeterminacy\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdeterminately\b \Iadv.\i \Bdeterminateness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Ideterminatus,\i past part. of \Ideterminare\i \J\Xdetermine\x\j\c
<hw>determination</hw> \K/dI%t\F'\n:mI"neIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b firmness of purpose; resoluteness.\p\B2\b the process of deciding, determining, or calculating.\p\B3\b \Ba\b the conclusion of a dispute by the decision of an arbitrator. \Bb\b the decision reached.\p\B4\b \ILaw\i the cessation of an estate or interest.\p\B5\b \ILaw\i a judicial decision or sentence.\p\B6\b \Iarchaic\i a tendency to move in a fixed direction. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Ideterminatio -onis\i (as \J\Xdetermine\x)\j\c
<hw>determinative</hw> \K/dI"t\F'\n:mIn\F'\ntIv/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i serving to define, qualify, or direct.\p\In.\i\pa determinative thing or circumstance. \Bdeterminatively\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \IdΘterminatif -ive\i (as \J\Xdetermine\x)\j\c
<hw>determine</hw> \K/dI"t\F'\n:mIn/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i find out or establish precisely \3(have to determine the extent of the problem).\c\p\B2\b \Itr.\i decide or settle \3(determined who should go).\c\p\B3\b \Itr.\i be a decisive factor in regard to \3(demand determines supply).\c\p\B4\b \Iintr. & tr.\i make or cause (a person) to make a decision \3(we determined to go at once;\c \2what determined you to do it?).\c\p\B5\b \Itr. & intr.\i \Iesp. Law\i bring or come to an end.\p\B6\b \Itr.\i \IGeom.\i fix or define the position of.\p\1be determined\c be resolved \3(was determined not to give up).\c \Bdeterminable\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ideterminer\i from Latin \Ideterminare\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Iterminus\i 'end')\c
<hw>determiner</hw> \K/dI"t\F'\n:mIn\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person or thing that determines.\p\B2\b \IGram.\i any of a class of words (e.g. \Ia,\i \Ithe,\i \Ievery)\i that determine the kind of reference a noun or noun group has.
<hw>determinism</hw> \K/dI"t\F'\n:mInIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhilos.\i the doctrine that all events, including human action, are determined by causes regarded as external to the will. \Bdeterminist\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdeterministic\b \K/-"nIstIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Bdeterministically\b \K/-"nIstIk(\F'\n)li/\k \Iadv.\i
<hw>deterrent</hw> \K/dI"tEr(\F'\n)nt/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i that deters.\p\In.\i\p\IMil. etc.\i a deterrent thing or factor, esp. a nuclear weapon regarded as deterring an enemy from attack. \Bdeterrence\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>detest</hw> \K/dI"tEst/\k \Iv.tr.\i hate, loathe. \Bdetester\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idetestari\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Itestari\i 'call to witness' from \Itestis\i 'witness')\c
<hw>detestable</hw> \K/dI"tEst\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i intensely disliked; very unpleasant; hateful. \Bdetestably\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>detestation</hw> \K/di:tE"steIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b intense dislike, hatred.\p\B2\b a detested person or thing. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Idetestatio -onis\i (as \J\Xdetest\x)\j\c
<hw>dethrone</hw> \K/di:"Tr\F'\nUn/, /dI-/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b remove from the throne, depose.\p\B2\b remove from a position of authority or influence. \Bdethronement\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>detonate</hw> \K/"dEt\F'\nneIt/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i set off (an explosive charge).\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i (of an explosive charge) be set off, explode, esp. loudly. \Bdetonative\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idetonare detonat-\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Itonare\i 'thunder')\c
<hw>detonation</hw> \K/dEt\F'\n"neIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the act or process of detonating. \Bb\b a loud explosion.\p\B2\b \IMech\i the premature combustion of fuel in an internal-combustion engine, causing it to pink. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IdΘtonation\i from \IdΘtoner\i (as \J\Xdetonate\x)\j\c
<hw>detonator</hw> \K/"dEt\F'\nneIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a device or a small sensitive charge used to detonate an explosive.\p\B2\b \IRailways etc.\i a warning signal on a railway line which is set off when a train passes over it.
<hw>detour</hw> \K/"di:tU\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i \IMotoring\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a divergence from a direct or intended route; a roundabout course.\p\B2\b \BUS\b = \J\Xdiversion\x 4.\j\Ksense 2 new f. F. Abate, Nov 94\k \Iv.intr. & tr.\i make or cause to make a detour. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IdΘtour\i 'change of direction' from \IdΘtourner\i 'turn away' (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \J\Xturn\x)\j\c
<hw>detox</hw> \In. & v.\i \Besp. US\b \IDrugs\i \Icolloq.\i\p\In.\i\p\K/"di:tQks/\k = \J\Xdetoxification\x.\j\p\Iv.\i\p\K/di:"tQks/\k\p\B1\b \Itr.\i subject (an alcoholic or drug addict) to detoxification.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i (of a person) subject oneself to detoxification; undergo treatment to come off drugs.\Kintr. new f. corpus, incomings, COD box Sept 94\k\Knew word f. corpus, SOED Nov 93\k
<hw>detoxicate</hw> \K/di:"tQksIkeIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i \IPharm Chem\i = \J\Xdetoxify\x.\j \Bdetoxication\b \K/-"keIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xde-\x\j + Latin \Itoxicum\i 'poison', on the pattern of \Iintoxicate\i\c
<hw>detoxification</hw> \K/di:%tQksIfI"keIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IDrugs\i the process of detoxifying, esp. an alcoholic or drug addict.
<hw>detoxification centre</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IDrugs\i a (usu. residential) centre for the treatment of alcoholism or drug addiction.\Knew f. corpus, SOED Nov 93\k
<hw>detoxify</hw> \K/di:"tQksIfVI/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(-ies,\b \B-ied)\b \IPharm Chem\i remove the poison from. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xde-\x\j + Latin \Itoxicum\i 'poison'\c
<hw>detract</hw> \K/dI"trakt/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bfrom)\b\i \Ba\b reduce. \Bb\b diminish, belittle.\Kintr. sense new f. SOED Sep 93\k\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bfrom)\b\i take away (a part of something). \Bdetraction\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdetractive\b \Iadj.\i \Bdetractor\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idetrahere detract-\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Itrahere\i 'draw')\c
<hw>detrain</hw> \K/di:"treIn/\k \Iv.intr. & tr.\i \IRailways\i alight or cause to alight from a train. \Bdetrainment\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>detribalize</hw> \K/di:"trVIb(\F'\n)lVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b \IAnthropol\i\p\B1\b make (a person) no longer a member of a tribe.\p\B2\b destroy the tribal habits of. \Bdetribalization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>detriment</hw> \K/"dEtrIm(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b harm, damage.\p\B2\b something causing this. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Idetriment\i or Latin \Idetrimentum\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Iterere trit-\i 'rub, wear')\c
<hw>detrition</hw> \K/dI"trIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\pwearing away by friction. \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Idetritio\i (as \J\Xdetriment\x)\j\c
<hw>detritus</hw> \K/dI"trVIt\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IGeol\i matter produced by erosion, such as gravel, sand, silt, rock-debris, etc.\p\B2\b debris of any kind; rubbish, waste. \Bdetrital\b \K/dI"trVIt(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \IdΘtritus\i from Latin \Idetritus\i = wearing down (as \J\Xdetriment\x)\j\c
<hw>de trop</hw> \K/d\F'\n "tr\F'\nU/\k \Ipredic.adj.\i not wanted, unwelcome, in the way. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = excessive\c
<hw>Dettol</hw> \K/"dEtQl/, /-t(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\Ipropr.\i a type of surgical or household disinfectant.\Knew f. OED, corpus Nov 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3invented name\c
<hw>detumescence</hw> \K/di:tjU"mEs(\F'\n)ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i subsidence from a swollen state. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idetumescere\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Itumescere\i 'swell')\c
<hw>detune</hw> \K/di:"tju:n/\k \Iv.tr.\i \IMech. Mus\i adjust (a mechanism, musical instrument, etc.) so that it is no longer tuned.\Knew f. SOED, corpus Nov 93\k
<hw>deuce (1)</hw> \K/dju:s/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ICards Games\i the two on dice or playing cards.\p\B2\b \ITennis\i the score of 40 all, at which two consecutive points are needed to win. \BEtymology:\b \3Old French \Ideus\i from Latin \Iduo\i (accusative \Iduos)\i 'two'\c
<hw>deuce (2)</hw> \K/dju:s/\k\p\In.\i\p\Icolloq.\i misfortune, the Devil, used esp. as an exclamation of surprise or annoyance \3(who the deuce are you?).\c\p\1a (or the) deuce of a\c a very bad or remarkable \3(a deuce of a problem;\c \2a deuce of a fellow).\c\p\1the deuce to pay\c trouble to be expected. \BEtymology:\b \3Low German \Iduus,\i formed as \J\Xdeuce\x (1),\j two aces at dice being the worst throw\c
<hw>deus ex machina</hw> \K/%deIUs Eks "makIn\F'\n/, /%di:\F'\ns Eks m\F'\n"Si:n\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITheatr. etc. Literature\i an unexpected power or event saving a seemingly hopeless situation, esp. in a play or novel. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin translation of Greek \Itheos ek mekhanes,\i = god from the machinery (by which in the Greek theatre the gods were suspended above the stage)\c
<hw>deuteragonist</hw> \K/dju:t\F'\n"rag\F'\nnIst/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITheatr\i the person second in importance to the protagonist in a drama. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ideuteragonistes\i (as \J\Xdeutero-\x,\j \Iagonistes\i 'actor')\c
<hw>deuterate</hw> \K/"dju:t\F'\nreIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i \IChem Physics\i replace the usual isotope of hydrogen in (a substance) by deuterium. \Bdeuteration\b \K/-"reIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>deuterium</hw> \K/dju:"tI\F'\nrI\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i a stable isotope of hydrogen with a mass about double that of the usual isotope. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin, formed as \J\Xdeutero-\x\j + \J\X-ium\x\j\c
<hw>deuterocanonical</hw> \K/%dju:t\F'\nr\F'\nUk\F'\n"nQnIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \IRelig\i of or forming a secondary canon (of sacred writings).\KNew f. NSOED Sept 94\k See Usage Note at \J\XApocrypha\x.\j
<hw>Deutero-Isaiah</hw> \K/%dju:t\F'\nr\F'\nUVI"zVI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i the supposed later author of Isaiah 40-55.
<hw>deuteron</hw> \K/"dju:t\F'\nrQn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i the nucleus of a deuterium atom, consisting of a proton and a neutron. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xdeuterium\x\j + \J\X-on\x\j\c
<hw>Deutschmark</hw> \K/"dOItSmA:k/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \BDeutsche Mark\b \K/"dOItS\F'\n mA:k/\k) \ICurrency\i the chief monetary unit of Germany. \BEtymology:\b \3German, = German mark (see \J\Xmark\x (2))\j\c
<hw>deutzia</hw> \K/"dju:tsI\F'\n/, /"dOIt-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i any ornamental shrub of the genus \IDeutzia,\i with usu. white flowers. \BEtymology:\b \3named after J. \IDeutz,\i 18th-c. Dutch patron of botany\c
<hw>devalue</hw> \K/di:"valju:/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(devalues,\b \Bdevalued,\b \Bdevaluing)\b\p\B1\b reduce the value of.\p\B2\b \IEcon.\i reduce the value of (a currency) in relation to other currencies or to gold \I(opp.\i \J\Xrevalue\x).\j \Bdevaluation\b \K/-"eIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>Devanagari</hw> \K/deIv\F'\n"nA:g(\F'\n)ri/, /dEv-/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILinguistics\i the alphabet used for Sanskrit, Hindi, and other Indian languages. \BEtymology:\b \3Sanskrit, = divine town script\c
<hw>devastate</hw> \K/"dEv\F'\nsteIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b lay waste; cause great destruction to.\p\B2\b \I(often in \Bpassive)\b\i overwhelm with shock or grief; upset deeply. \Bdevastation\b \K/-"steIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bdevastator\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idevastare devastat-\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Ivastare\i 'lay waste')\c
<hw>devein</hw> \K/di:"veIn/\k \Iv.tr.\i \ICookery\i remove the main central vein from (a shrimp or prawn).\Knew f. SOED, News Sep 93\k
<hw>develop</hw> \K/dI"vEl\F'\np/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B(developed,\b \Bdeveloping)\b\p\B1\b \Itr. & intr.\i \Ba\b make or become bigger or fuller or more elaborate or systematic \3(the new town developed rapidly).\c \Bb\b bring or come to an active or visible state or to maturity \3(developed a plan of action).\c \Bc\b bring or come into existence \3(an argument developed).\c\Ksense 1c new f. Coll ED Sep 93\k\p\B2\b \Itr.\i begin to exhibit or suffer from \3(developed a rattle).\c\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b construct new buildings on (land). \Bb\b convert (land) to a new purpose so as to use its resources more fully.\p\B4\b \Itr.\i \IPhotog\i treat (photographic film etc.) to make the latent image visible.\p\B5\b \Itr.\i \IMus.\i elaborate (a theme) by modification of the melody, harmony, rhythm, etc.\p\B6\b \Itr.\i \IChess\i bring (a piece) into position for effective use. \Bdeveloper\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \IdΘvelopper\i from Romanic (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j origin of second element unknown)\c
<hw>developable</hw> \K/dI"vEl\F'\np\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i that can be developed.
<hw>developable surface</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IGeom.\i a surface that can be flattened into a plane without overlap or separation, e.g. a cylinder.
<hw>developing country</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPolit Econ\i a poor or undeveloped country that is becoming more advanced economically and socially.
<hw>development</hw> \K/dI"vEl\F'\npm(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or an instance of developing; the process of being developed.\p\B2\b \Ba\b a stage of growth or advancement. \Bb\b a thing that has developed, esp. an event or circumstance \3(the latest developments).\c\p\B3\b a full-grown state.\p\B4\b the process of developing a photograph.\p\B5\b a developed area of land.\p\B6\b \IEcon Industry\i industrialization or economic advancement of a country or an area.\Ksense 6 new f. OERD, NSOED Jun 94\k\p\B7\b \IMus.\i the elaboration of a theme or themes, esp. in the middle section of a sonata movement.\p\B8\b \IChess\i the developing of pieces from their original position.
<hw>development area</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IEcon\i one where new industries are encouraged in order to counteract unemployment.
<hw>deviant</hw> \K/"di:vI\F'\nnt/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i that deviates from the normal, esp. in social or sexual behaviour.\p\In.\i\pa deviant person or thing. \Bdeviance\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdeviancy\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English (as \J\Xdeviate\x)\j\c
<hw>deviate</hw> \Iv., n., & adj.\i \Iv.intr.\i \K/"di:vIeIt/\k \I(often foll. by \Bfrom)\b\i turn aside or diverge (from a course of action, rule, truth, etc.); digress.\p\In.\i\p\K/"di:vI\F'\nt/\k a deviant, esp. a sexual pervert. \Iadj.\i \K/"di:vI\F'\nt/\k = \J\Xdeviant\x \Iadj.\i\j\Kadj. new f. News May 93\k \Bdeviator\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdeviatory\b \K/-vI\F'\nt(\F'\n)ri/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Ideviare deviat-\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Ivia\i 'way')\c
<hw>deviation</hw> \K/di:vI"eIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b deviating, digressing. \Bb\b an instance of this.\p\B2\b \IPolit.\i a departure from accepted (esp. Communist) party doctrine.\p\B3\b \IStatistics\i the amount by which a single measurement differs from the mean.\p\B4\b \INaut.\i the deflection of a ship's compass needle caused by iron in the ship etc. \Bdeviational\b \Iadj.\i \Bdeviationism\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdeviationist\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \IdΘviation\i from medieval Latin \Ideviatio -onis\i (as \J\Xdeviate\x)\j\c
<hw>device</hw> \K/dI"vVIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a thing made or adapted for a particular purpose, esp. a mechanical contrivance. \Bb\b an explosive contrivance; a bomb.\K1b new in COD9 f. Wordfinder Sep 93\k\p\B2\b a plan, scheme, or trick.\p\B3\b \Ba\b \I\Iesp.\i Heraldry\i an emblematic or heraldic design. \Bb\b a drawing or design.\p\B4\b \Iarchaic\i make, look \3(things of rare device).\c\p\1leave a person to his or her own devices\c leave a person to do as he or she wishes. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Idevis,\i ultimately from Latin (as \J\Xdivide\x)\j\c
<hw>devil</hw> \K/"dEv(\F'\n)l/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b (usu. \Bthe Devil)\b \IRelig Theol\i (in Christian and Jewish belief) the supreme spirit of evil; Satan.\p\B2\b \IRelig\i \Ba\b an evil spirit; a demon; a superhuman malignant being. \Bb\b a personified evil force or attribute.\p\B3\b \Ba\b a wicked or cruel person. \Bb\b a mischievously energetic, clever, or self-willed person.\p\B4\b \Icolloq.\i a person, a fellow \3(lucky devil).\c\p\B5\b fighting spirit, mischievousness \3(the devil is in him tonight).\c\p\B6\b \Icolloq.\i something difficult or awkward \3(this door is a devil to open).\c\p\B7\b \B(the devil or the Devil)\b \Icolloq.\i used as an exclamation of surprise or annoyance \3(who the devil are you?).\c\p\B8\b \BBrit.\b a literary hack exploited by an employer.\p\B9\b \ILaw\i a junior legal counsel.\p\B10\b \IZool\i = \J\XTasmanian devil\x.\j\p\B11\b an instrument or machine, esp. one fitted with sharp teeth or spikes, used for tearing or other destructive work.\p\B12\b \BS.Afr.\b = \J\Xdust devil\x.\j\p\Iv.\i\p\B(devilled,\b \Bdevilling;\b \BUS\b \Bdeviled,\b \Bdeviling)\b\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \ICookery\i cook (food) with hot seasoning.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \BBrit.\b \ILaw etc.\i act as a devil for an author or barrister.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \BUS\b harass, worry.\p\1between the devil and the deep blue sea\c in a dilemma.\p\1devil-may-care\c cheerful and reckless.\p\1a devil of\c \Icolloq.\i a considerable, difficult, or remarkable.\p\1devil a one\c not even one.\p\1devil's own\c \Icolloq.\i very difficult or unusual \3(the devil's own job).\c\p\1devil take the hindmost\c a motto of selfish competition.\p\1the devil to pay\c trouble to be expected.\p\1go to the devil\c\p\B1\b be damned.\p\B2\b \I(in \Bimper.)\b\i depart at once.\p\1like the devil\c with great energy.\p\1play the devil with\c cause severe damage to.\p\1speak (or talk) of the devil\c said when a person appears just after being mentioned.\p\1the very devil\c \I\B(predic.)\b\i \Icolloq.\i a great difficulty or nuisance. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ideofol\i via Late Latin \Idiabolus\i from Greek \Idiabolos\i 'accuser, slanderer', from \Idia\i 'across' + \Iballo\i 'to throw'\c
<hw>devilfish</hw> \K/"dEv(\F'\n)lfIS/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i usu. same) \IZool\i\p\B1\b = \J\Xdevil ray\x.\j\p\B2\b any of various fish, esp. the stonefish.\p\B3\b \Ihist.\i an octopus.
<hw>devilish</hw> \K/"dEv(\F'\n)lIS/\k \Iadj. & adv.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of or like a devil; evil.\p\B2\b mischievous. \Iadv.\i \Icolloq.\i very, extremely. \Bdevilishly\b \Iadv.\i \Bdevilishness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>devil ray</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i any cartilaginous fish of the family Mobulidae, esp. the manta.
<hw>devilry</hw> \K/"dEv(\F'\n)lri/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bdeviltry)\b \I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b wickedness; reckless mischief. \Bb\b an instance of this.\p\B2\b \Ba\b black magic. \Bb\b the Devil and his works. \BEtymology:\b \3Old French \Idiablerie:\i \I-try\i suggested by \Iharlotry\i etc.\c
<hw>devil's advocate</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person who argues against a proposition, to test it or provoke discussion.\p\B2\b \IRC Ch.\i \Ihist.\i a person appointed to challenge a proposed beatification, canonization, etc.
<hw>devil's bit</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i any of various plants whose roots look bitten off, esp. a kind of scabious (Succisa pratensis).
<hw>devil's coach-horse</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IZool\i a large rove beetle, Staphylinus olens.
<hw>devil's darning needle</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a dragonfly or damselfly.
<hw>devil's dozen</hw>\p\In.\i\pthirteen.
<hw>devils-on-horseback</hw> \In.pl.\i \BBrit.\b \ICookery\i a savoury of prunes or plums wrapped in slices of bacon.
<hw>devious</hw> \K/"di:vI\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b (of a person etc.) not straightforward, underhand.\p\B2\b winding, circuitous.\p\B3\b erring, straying. \Bdeviously\b \Iadv.\i \Bdeviousness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idevius\i from \J\Xde-\x\j + \Ivia\i 'way'\c
<hw>devise</hw> \K/dI"vVIz/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b plan or invent by careful thought.\p\B2\b \ILaw\i leave (real estate) by the terms of a will \I(cf.\i \J\Xbequeath\x).\j\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or an instance of devising.\p\B2\b \ILaw\i a devising clause in a will. \Bdevisable\b \Iadj.\i \Bdevisee\b \K/-"zi:/\k\p\In.\i\p(in sense 2 of \Iv.).\i \Bdeviser\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdevisor\b\p\In.\i\p(in sense 2 of \Iv.).\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ideviser,\i ultimately from Latin \Idividere divis-\i \J\Xdivide\x:\j the noun via Old French \Idevise\i from medieval Latin \Idivisa,\i fem. past part. of \Idividere\i\c
<hw>devitalize</hw> \K/di:"vVIt(\F'\n)lVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b take away strength and vigour from. \Bdevitalization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>devitrify</hw> \K/di:"vItrIfVI/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(-ies,\b \B-ied)\b \IGlass-making Mineral\i deprive of vitreous qualities; make (glass or vitreous rock) opaque and crystalline. \Bdevitrification\b \K/-fI"keIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>devoid</hw> \K/dI"vOId/\k \Ipredic.adj.\i \I(foll. by \Bof)\b\i quite lacking or free from \3(a book devoid of all interest).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, past part. of obsolete \Idevoid\i from Old French \Idevoidier\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \J\Xvoid\x)\j\c
<hw>devoir</hw> \K/d\F'\n"vwA:/\k\p\In.\i\p\Iarchaic\i\p\B1\b duty, one's best \3(do one's devoir).\c\p\B2\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i courteous or formal attentions; respects \3(pay one's devoirs to).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Anglo-French \Idever\i = Old French \Ideveir,\i from Latin \Idebere\i 'owe'\c
<hw>devolute</hw> \K/"di:v\F'\nlu:t/, /"dEv-/\k \Iv.tr.\i transfer by devolution. \BEtymology:\b \3as \J\Xdevolve\x\j\c
<hw>devolution</hw> \K/di:v\F'\n"lu:S(\F'\n)n/, /dEv-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the delegation of power, esp. by central government to local or regional administration.\p\B2\b \Ba\b descent or passing on through a series of stages. \Bb\b descent by natural or due succession from one to another of property or qualities.\p\B3\b the lapse of an unexercised right to an ultimate owner.\p\B4\b \IBiol.\i degeneration. \Bdevolutionary\b \Iadj.\i \Bdevolutionist\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Idevolutio\i (as \J\Xdevolve\x)\j\c
<hw>devolve</hw> \K/dI"vQlv/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \I(foll. by \Bon,\b \Bupon,\b etc.)\i \Ba\b \Itr.\i pass (work or duties) to (a deputy etc.). \Bb\b \Iintr.\i (of work or duties) pass to (a deputy etc.).\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bon,\b \Bto,\b \Bupon)\b\i \ILaw\i (of property etc.) descend or fall by succession to. \Bdevolvement\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Idevolvere devolut-\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Ivolvere\i 'roll')\c
<hw>Devonian</hw> \K/dE"v\F'\nUnI\F'\nn/, /dI-/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of or relating to Devon in SW England.\p\B2\b \IGeol.\i of or relating to the fourth period of the Palaeozoic era with evidence of the first amphibians and tree forests. Cf. Appendix X.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b this period or system.\p\B2\b \IPeople\i a native of Devon. \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \IDevonia\i 'Devonshire'\c
\B\IdΘvot\b\i \K/deI"v\F'\nU/, French /devo/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(fem.\i \B\IdΘvote\b\i \K/-"vQt/, French /-vOt/\k) a devotee. \BEtymology:\b \3French from Old French (as \J\Xdevout\x)\j\c
<hw>devote</hw> \K/dI"v\F'\nUt/\k \Iv.tr. & refl.\i\p\B1\b \I(foll. by \Bto)\b\i apply or give over (resources etc. or oneself) to (a particular activity or purpose or person) \3(devoted their time to reading;\c \2devoted himself to his guests).\c\p\B2\b \Iarchaic\i doom to destruction. \Bdevotement\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idevovere devot-\i \I(as\i \J\Xde-\x,\j \Ivovere\i 'vow')\c
<hw>devoted</hw> \K/dI"v\F'\nUtId/\k \Iadj.\i very loving or loyal \3(a devoted husband).\c \Bdevotedly\b \Iadv.\i \Bdevotedness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>devotee</hw> \K/dEv\F'\nU"ti:/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bof)\b\i a zealous enthusiast or supporter.\p\B2\b a zealously pious or fanatical person.
<hw>devotion</hw> \K/dI"v\F'\nUS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bto)\b\i enthusiastic attachment or loyalty (to a person or cause); great love.\p\B2\b \IRelig.\i \Ba\b religious worship. \Bb\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i prayers. \Bc\b devoutness, religious fervour. \Bdevotional\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Idevotion\i or Latin \Idevotio\i (as \J\Xdevote\x)\j\c
<hw>devour</hw> \K/dI"vaU\F'\n/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b eat hungrily or greedily.\p\B2\b (of fire etc.) engulf, destroy.\p\B3\b take in greedily with the eyes or ears \3(devoured book after book).\c\p\B4\b absorb the attention of \3(devoured by anxiety).\c \Bdevourer\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdevouringly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Idevorer\i from Latin \Idevorare\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Ivorare\i 'swallow')\c
<hw>devout</hw> \K/dI"vaUt/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IRelig.\i earnestly religious.\p\B2\b earnestly sincere \3(devout hope).\c \Bdevoutly\b \Iadv.\i \Bdevoutness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Idevot\i from Latin \Idevotus,\i past part. of \Idevovere\i \J\Xdevote\x\j\c
<hw>DEW</hw> \Iabbr.\i distant early warning.
<hw>dew</hw> \K/"dju:/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b atmospheric vapour condensing in small drops on cool surfaces at night.\p\B2\b beaded or glistening moisture resembling this, e.g. tears.\p\B3\b freshness, refreshing quality. \Iv.tr.\i wet with or as with dew. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ideaw,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>dewan</hw> \K/dI"wA:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i the prime minister or finance minister of an Indian state. \BEtymology:\b \3Arabic & Persian \Idiwan\i 'fiscal register'\c
<hw>dewar</hw> \K/"dju:\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysicsChem\i a double-walled flask of steel or silvered glass with a vacuum between the walls to reduce the transfer of heat. \BEtymology:\b \3named after Sir James \IDewar,\i British physicist d. 1923\c
<hw>dewater</hw> \K/di:"wO:t\F'\n/\k \Iv.tr.\i remove water from.\Knew f. Incs, NSOED Oct 94\k
<hw>dewberry</hw> \K/"dju:b(\F'\n)ri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IBot\i\p\B1\b a bluish fruit like the blackberry.\p\B2\b the shrub, Rubus caesius, bearing this.
<hw>dewclaw</hw> \K/"dju:klO:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i\p\B1\b a rudimentary inner toe found on some dogs.\p\B2\b a false hoof on a deer etc.
<hw>dewdrop</hw> \K/"dju:drQp/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a drop of dew.\p\B2\b something resembling this.\K2 new f. SOED Dec 94\k
<hw>Dewey decimal classification</hw> \K/"dju:i/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBibliog\i (also \BDewey system\b \Icolloq.)\i a decimal system of library classification.\KDewey decimal classification new f. OERD Oct 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3named after M. \IDewey,\i American librarian d. 1931, its deviser\c
<hw>dewfall</hw> \K/"dju:fO:l/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the time when dew begins to form.\p\B2\b evening.
<hw>dewlap</hw> \K/"dju:lap/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool\i a loose fold of skin hanging from the throat of cattle, dogs, etc.\p\B2\b \IAnat\i similar loose skin round the throat of an elderly person. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from \J\Xdew\x\j + \J\Xlap\x (1),\j perhaps suggested by an Old Norse word\c
<hw>deworm</hw> \K/di:"w\F'\n:m/\k \Iv.tr.\i \IVet.\i rid (a dog, cat, etc.) of worms.\Knew f. News Sep 93\k
<hw>dew point</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i the temperature at which dew forms.
<hw>dew-pond</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b a shallow usu. artificial pond once supposed to have been fed by atmospheric condensation.
<hw>dewy</hw> \K/"dju:i/\k \Iadj.\i \B(dewier,\b \Bdewiest)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b wet with dew. \Bb\b moist as if with dew.\p\B2\b of or like dew. \Bdewily\b \Iadv.\i \Bdewiness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ideawig\i (as \J\Xdew\x,\j \J\X-y\x (1))\j\c
<hw>Dexedrine</hw> \K/"dEks\F'\ndri:n/, /-drIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPharm.\i \Ipropr.\i the more active dextrorotatory isomer of amphetamine.\Knew f. corpus, Inc., NSOED Sept 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xdextro-\x\j + \J\XBenzedrine\x\j\c
<hw>dexter (1)</hw> \K/"dEkst\F'\n/\k \Iadj.\i \Iesp. Heraldry\i on or of the right-hand side (the observer's left) of a shield etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = on the right\c
<hw>dexter (2)</hw> \K/"dEkst\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i\p\B1\b an animal of a small hardy breed of Irish cattle.\p\B2\b this breed. \BEtymology:\b \319th c.: perhaps from the name of a breeder\c
<hw>dexterity</hw> \K/dEk"stErIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b skill in handling.\p\B2\b manual or mental adroitness.\p\B3\b right-handedness, using the right hand. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IdextΘritΘ\i from Latin \Idexteritas\i (as \J\Xdexter\x (1))\j\c
<hw>dexterous</hw> \K/"dEkst(\F'\n)r\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i (also \Bdextrous)\b having or showing dexterity. \Bdexterously\b \Iadv.\i \Bdexterousness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \J\Xdexter\x (1)\j + \J\X-ous\x\j\c
<hw>dextral</hw> \K/"dEkstr(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b (of a person) right-handed.\p\B2\b of or on the right.\p\B3\b \IZool.\i (of a spiral shell) with whorls rising to the right and coiling in an anticlockwise direction.\p\B4\b \IZool.\i (of a flatfish) with the right side uppermost.\p\In.\i\pa right-handed person. \Bdextrality\b \K/-"stralIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bdextrally\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Idextralis\i from Latin \Idextra\i 'right hand'\c
<hw>dextran</hw> \K/"dEkstran/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i & \IPharm.\i\p\B1\b a polymer of glucose formed by the action of certain bacteria on sucrose etc.\p\B2\b a degraded form of this used as a substitute for blood plasma. \BEtymology:\b \3German (as \J\Xdextro-\x\j + -\Ian\i chemical suffix)\c
<hw>dextrin</hw> \K/"dEkstrIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i a soluble gummy substance obtained by boiling starch and used as an adhesive. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Idextrine\i from Latin \Idextra:\i see \J\Xdextro-\x,\j \J\X-in\x\j\c
<hw>dextro-</hw> \K/"dEkstr\F'\nU/\k \Icomb. form\i on or to the right \3(dextrorotatory;\c \2dextrose).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idexter,\i \Idextra\i 'on or to the right'\c
<hw>dextrorotatory</hw> \K/dEkstr\F'\nU"r\F'\nUt\F'\nt(\F'\n)ri/\k \Iadj.\i \IChem.\i having the property of rotating the plane of a polarized light ray to the right \I(cf.\i \J\Xlaevorotatory\x).\j \Bdextrorotation\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>dextrorse</hw> \K/"dEkstrO:s/\k \Iadj.\i \IBot Anat\i rising towards the right, esp. of a spiral stem. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idextrorsus\i (as \J\Xdextro-\x)\j\c
<hw>dextrose</hw> \K/"dEkstr\F'\nUz/, /-s/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i the dextrorotatory form of glucose. \BEtymology:\b \3formed as \J\Xdextro-\x\j + \J\X-ose\x (2)\j\c
<hw>dextrous</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xdexterous\x.\j
<hw>DF</hw> \Iabbr.\i\p\B1\b \IRelig\i Defender of the Faith.\p\B2\b \I\Iesp.\i Naut\i direction-finder. \BEtymology:\b \3in sense 1 from Latin \IDefensor Fidei\i\c
<hw>dhal</hw> \K/dA:l/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bdal)\b \ICookery\i\p\B1\b split pulses, a common foodstuff in India.\p\B2\b a dish made with these. \BEtymology:\b \3Hindi\c
<hw>dharma</hw> \K/"dA:m\F'\n/, /"d\F'\n:m\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i\p\B1\b \Iesp. Hinduism\i \Ba\b the eternal law of the cosmos. \Bb\b moral or social custom; right behaviour.\p\B2\b \IBuddhism\i universal truth. \BEtymology:\b \3Sanskrit, = decree, custom\c
<hw>Dharuk</hw> \K/"dVrUk/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILanguage\i an Aboriginal language of the area around Sydney, Australia, now extinct.\Knew from ACOD Oct 93\k
<hw>dhobi</hw> \K/"d\F'\nUbi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bdhobis)\b (in the Indian subcontinent) a washerman or washerwoman. \BEtymology:\b \3Hindi \Idhobi\i from \Idhob\i 'washing'\c
<hw>dhobi itch</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bdhobi's itch)\b \IMed\i a tropical skin disease; an allergic dermatitis.
<hw>dhole</hw> \K/d\F'\nUl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i the Asiatic wild dog, Cuon alpinus.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Jan 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3origin unknown\c
<hw>dhoti</hw> \K/"d\F'\nUti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bdhotis)\b \IClothing\i the loincloth worn by male Hindus. \BEtymology:\b \3Hindi \Idhoti\i\c
<hw>dhow</hw> \K/daU/\k\p\In.\i\p\INaut\i a lateen-rigged ship used on the Arabian sea. \BEtymology:\b \3Arabic \Idawa,\i probably related to Marathi \Idaw\i\c
<hw>DHSS</hw> \Iabbr.\i \Ihist.\i (in the UK) Department of Health and Social Security \I(cf.\i \J\XDoH\x,\j \J\XDSS\x).\j
<hw>DI</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IMil\i (in the UK) Defence Intelligence.
<hw>di- (1)</hw> \K/dVI/, /dI/\k \Icomb. form\i\p\B1\b twice, two-, double.\p\B2\b \IChem.\i containing two atoms, molecules, or groups of a specified kind \3(dichromate;\c \2dioxide).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Greek from \Idis\i 'twice'\c
<hw>di- (2)</hw> \K/dI/, /dVI/\k \Iprefix\i \Iform of\i \J\Xdis-\x\j occurring before \Il,\i \Im,\i \In,\i \Ir,\i \Is\i (foll. by a consonant), \Iv,\i usu. \Ig,\i and sometimes \Ij.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin variant of \Idis-\i\c
<hw>di- (3)</hw> \K/dVI/\k \Iprefix\i \Iform of\i \J\Xdia-\x\j before a vowel.
<hw>dia.</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IGeom\i diameter.
<hw>dia-</hw> \K/dVI\F'\n/\k \Iprefix\i (also \Bdi-\b before a vowel)\p\B1\b through \3(diaphanous).\c\p\B2\b apart \3(diacritical).\c\p\B3\b across \3(diameter).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Greek from \Idia\i 'through'\c
<hw>diabase</hw> \K/"dVI\F'\nbeIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeol.\i dolerite, esp. (in British use) altered dolerite.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll.Jan 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3French, as if from \J\Xdi-\x (1)\j + \J\Xbase\x (1),\j but associated with Greek \Idiabasis\i 'transition'\c
<hw>diabetes</hw> \K/dVI\F'\n"bi:ti:z/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i any disorder of the metabolism with excessive thirst and the production of large amounts of urine, esp. diabetes mellitus. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin from Greek, literally 'syphon', from \Idiabaino\i 'go through'\c
<hw>diabetes insipidus</hw> \K/In"sIpId\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a rare form of diabetes caused by a deficiency of a pituitary hormone regulating kidney function.
<hw>diabetes mellitus</hw> \K/mI"lVIt\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i the commonest form of diabetes, caused by a deficiency of insulin, in which sugar and starch are not properly metabolized and the blood and urine contain excessive amounts of sugars, causing a risk of convulsions and coma. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Imellitus\i 'sweet'\c
<hw>diabetic</hw> \K/dVI\F'\n"bEtIk/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IMed\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of or relating to or having diabetes.\p\B2\b for use by diabetics.\p\In.\i\pa person suffering from diabetes.
<hw>diablerie</hw> \K/dI"A:bl\F'\nri/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the Devil's work; sorcery.\p\B2\b wild recklessness.\p\B3\b the realm of devils; devil-lore. \BEtymology:\b \3French from \Idiable,\i from Latin \Idiabolus\i \J\Xdevil\x\j\c
<hw>diabolic</hw> \K/dVI\F'\n"bQlIk/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of the Devil.\p\B2\b devilish; inhumanly cruel or wicked. \Bdiabolically\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Idiabolique\i or Late Latin \Idiabolicus\i from Latin \Idiabolus\i (as \J\Xdevil\x)\j\c
<hw>diabolical</hw> \K/dVI\F'\n"bQlIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b = \J\Xdiabolic\x 1.\j\p\B2\b = \J\Xdiabolic\x 2.\j\p\B3\b \Icolloq.\i outrageous; disgracefully bad.\Ksense 3 new f. SOED Sep 93\k
<hw>diabolism</hw> \K/dVI"ab\F'\nlIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b belief in or worship of the Devil. \Bb\b sorcery.\p\B2\b devilish conduct or character. \Bdiabolist\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Idiabolos\i \J\Xdevil\x\j\c
<hw>diabolize</hw> \K/dVI"ab\F'\nlVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b make into or represent as a devil.
<hw>diabolo</hw> \K/dI"ab\F'\nl\F'\nU/, /dVI-/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b \IGames\i\p\B1\b a game in which a two-headed top is thrown up and caught with a string stretched between two sticks.\p\B2\b the top itself. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian, = \J\Xdevil\x:\j formerly called \Idevil on two sticks\i\c
<hw>diachronic</hw> \K/dVI\F'\n"krQnIk/\k \Iadj.\i \ILinguistics etc.\i concerned with the historical development of a subject (esp. a language) \I(opp.\i \J\Xsynchronic\x).\j \Bdiachronically\b \Iadv.\i \Bdiachronism\b \K/dVI"akr\F'\nnIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bdiachronistic\b \K/dVI%akr\F'\n"nIstIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Bdiachronous\b \K/dVI"akr\F'\nn\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i \Bdiachrony\b \K/dVI"akr\F'\nni/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Idiachronique\i (as \J\Xdia-\x,\j \J\Xchronic\x)\j\c
<hw>diaconal</hw> \K/dVI"ak(\F'\n)n(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \IRelig\i of a deacon. \BEtymology:\b \3ecclesiastical Latin \Idiaconalis\i from \Idiaconus\i \J\Xdeacon\x\j\c
<hw>diaconate</hw> \K/dVI"ak\F'\nneIt/, /-\F'\nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the office of deacon. \Bb\b a person's time as deacon.\p\B2\b a body of deacons. \BEtymology:\b \3ecclesiastical Latin \Idiaconatus\i (as \J\Xdiaconal\x)\j\c
<hw>diacritic</hw> \K/dVI\F'\n"krItIk/\k \In. & adj.\i \IPhonet Printing\i\p\In.\i\pa sign (e.g. an accent, diaeresis, cedilla) used to indicate different sounds or values of a letter. \Iadj.\i = \J\Xdiacritical\x \Iadj.\i\j \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Idiakritikos\i (as \J\Xdia-\x,\j \J\Xcritic\x)\j\c
<hw>diacritical</hw> \K/dVI\F'\n"krItIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i distinguishing, distinctive.\p\In.\i\p(in full \Bdiacritical mark or sign)\b \IPhonet Printing\i = \J\Xdiacritic\x\p\In.\i\p\j
<hw>diadelphous</hw> \K/dVI\F'\n"dElf\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i \IBot.\i \IAnat\i with the stamens united in two bundles \I(cf.\i \J\Xmonadelphous\x,\j \J\Xpolyadelphous\x).\j \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xdi-\x (1)\j + Greek \Iadelphos\i 'brother'\c
<hw>diadem</hw> \K/"dVI\F'\ndEm/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a crown or headband worn as a sign of sovereignty.\p\B2\b a wreath of leaves or flowers worn round the head.\p\B3\b sovereignty.\p\B4\b a crowning distinction or glory. \Iv.tr.\i (esp. as \Bdiademed\b \Iadj.)\i adorn with or as with a diadem. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Idiademe\i and Latin \Idiadema\i from Greek \Idiadema\i (as \J\Xdia-\x,\j \Ideo\i 'bind')\c
<hw>diaeresis</hw> \K/dVI"I\F'\nrIsIs/, /-"Er-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Bdieresis)\b \I(pl.\i \B-ses\b \K/-si:z/\k)\p\B1\b \IPhonet Printing\i a mark (as in \Ina∩ve)\i over a vowel to indicate that it is sounded separately.\p\B2\b \IProsody\i a break where a foot ends at the end of a word. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin from Greek, = separation\c
<hw>diagenesis</hw> \K/dVI\F'\n"dZEnIsIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeol.\i the transformation occurring during the conversion of sedimentation to sedimentary rock.
<hw>diagnose</hw> \K/"dVI\F'\ngn\F'\nUz/, /-"n\F'\nUz/\k \Iv.tr.\i \IMed. etc.\i make a diagnosis of (a disease, a mechanical fault, etc.) from its symptoms. \Bdiagnosable\b \Iadj.\i
<hw>diagnosis</hw> \K/dVI\F'\ng"n\F'\nUsIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bdiagnoses\b \K/-si:z/\k)\p\B1\b \IMed\i \Ba\b the identification of a disease by means of a patient's symptoms. \Bb\b an instance or formal statement of this.\p\B2\b \Ba\b the identification of the cause of a mechanical fault etc. \Bb\b an instance of this.\p\B3\b \IBiol\i \Ba\b the distinctive characterization in precise terms of a genus, species, etc. \Bb\b an instance of this. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from Greek (as \J\Xdia-\x,\j \Igignosko\i 'recognize')\c
<hw>diagnostic</hw> \K/dVI\F'\ng"nQstIk/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i \IMed. etc.\i of or assisting diagnosis.\p\In.\i\p\IMed. etc.\i a symptom. \Bdiagnostically\b \Iadv.\i \Bdiagnostician\b \K/-nQ"stIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Idiagnostikos\i (as \J\Xdiagnosis\x)\j\c
<hw>diagnostics</hw> \K/dVI\F'\ng"nQstIks/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \I(treated as \Bpl.)\b\i \IComputing\i programs and other mechanisms used to detect and identify faults in hardware or software.\p\B2\b \I(treated as \Bsing.)\b\i \IMed\i the science or study of diagnosing disease.
<hw>diagonal</hw> \K/dVI"ag(\F'\n)n(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IGeom\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b crossing a straight-sided figure from corner to corner.\p\B2\b slanting, oblique.\p\In.\i\pa straight line joining two non-adjacent corners. \Bdiagonally\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idiagonalis\i from Greek \Idiagonios\i (as \J\Xdia-\x,\j \Igonia\i 'angle')\c
<hw>diagram</hw> \K/"dVI\F'\ngram/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a drawing showing the general scheme or outline of an object and its parts.\p\B2\b a graphic representation of the course or results of an action or process.\p\B3\b \IGeom.\i a figure made of lines used in proving a theorem etc. \Iv.tr.\i \B(diagrammed,\b \Bdiagramming;\b \BUS\b \Bdiagramed,\b \Bdiagraming)\b represent by means of a diagram. \Bdiagrammatic\b \K/-gr\F'\n"matIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Bdiagrammatically\b \K/-gr\F'\n"matIk(\F'\n)li/\k \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idiagramma\i from Greek (as \J\Xdia-\x,\j \J\X-gram\x)\j\c
<hw>diagrid</hw> \K/"dVI\F'\ngrId/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IArchit.\i a supporting structure of diagonally intersecting ribs of metal etc. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xdiagonal\x\j + \J\Xgrid\x\j\c
<hw>diakinesis</hw> \K/dVI\F'\nkVI"ni:sIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bdiakineses\b \K/-si:z/\k) \IBiol.\i a stage during the prophase of meiosis when the separation of homologous chromosomes is complete and crossing over has occurred. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from German \IDiakinese\i (as \J\Xdia-\x,\j Greek \Ikinesis\i 'motion')\c
<hw>dial</hw> \K/dVI\F'\nl/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IHorol\i the face of a clock or watch, marked to show the hours etc.\p\B2\b a similar flat plate marked with a scale for measuring weight, volume, pressure, consumption, etc., indicated by a pointer.\p\B3\b \ITelephony\i a movable disc on a telephone, with finger-holes and numbers for making a connection.\p\B4\b \Ba\b \ITelev Radio\i a plate or disc etc. on a radio or television set for selecting wavelength or channel. \Bb\b a similar selecting device on other equipment, e.g. a washing machine.\p\B5\b \BBrit.\b \Islang\i a person's face.\p\Iv.\i\p\B(dialled,\b \Bdialling;\b \BUS\b \Bdialed,\b \Bdialing)\b\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \I(also \Babsol.)\b\i \ITelephony\i select (a telephone number) by means of a dial or set of buttons \3(dialled 999).\c\p\B2\b \Itr.\i measure, indicate, or regulate by means of a dial. \Bdialler\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, = sundial, from medieval Latin \Idiale\i 'clock-dial', ultimately from Latin \Idies\i 'day'\c
<hw>dialect</hw> \K/"dVI\F'\nlEkt/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILinguistics\i\p\B1\b a form of speech peculiar to a particular region.\p\B2\b a subordinate variety of a language with non-standard vocabulary, pronunciation, or grammar. \Bdialectal\b \K/-"lEkt(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Bdialectology\b \K/-"tQl\F'\ndZi/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bdialectologist\b \K/-"tQl\F'\ndZIst/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Idialecte\i or Latin \Idialectus\i from Greek \Idialektos\i 'discourse', from \Idialegomai\i 'converse'\c
<hw>dialectic</hw> \K/dVI\F'\n"lEktIk/\k \In. & adj.\i \IPhilos.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \I(often in \Bpl.,\b usu. treated as \Bsing.)\b\i \Ba\b the art of investigating the truth of opinions. \Bb\b logical disputation.\p\B2\b \Ba\b enquiry into metaphysical contradictions and their solutions, esp. in the thought of Kant and Hegel. \Bb\b \IPolit\i the existence or action of opposing social forces etc. \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of or relating to logical disputation.\p\B2\b fond of or skilled in logical disputation. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Idialectique\i or Latin \Idialectica\i from Greek \Idialektike\i \I(tekhne)\i '(art) of debate' (as \J\Xdialect\x)\j\c
<hw>dialectical</hw> \K/dVI\F'\n"lEktIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \IPhilos\i of dialectic or dialectics. \Bdialectically\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>dialectical materialism</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhilos Polit\i the Marxist theory that political and historical events are due to a conflict of social forces caused by man's material needs.
<hw>dialectician</hw> \K/dVI\F'\nlEk"tIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhilos\i a person skilled in dialectic. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Idialecticien\i from Latin \Idialecticus\i\c
<hw>dialectics</hw> \K/dVI\F'\n"lEktIks/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(treated as \Bsing.\b or \Bpl.)\b\i \IPhilos\i = \J\Xdialectic\x\p\In.\i\p1.\j
<hw>dialling code</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ITelephony\i a sequence of numbers dialled to connect a telephone with the exchange of the telephone being called.
<hw>dialling tone</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B(N. Amer.\b \Bdial tone)\b \ITelephony\i a sound indicating that a caller may start to dial.
<hw>dialogic</hw> \K/dVI\F'\n"lQdZIk/\k \Iadj.\i of or in dialogue. \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Idialogicus\i from Greek \Idialogikos\i (as \J\Xdialogue\x)\j\c
<hw>dialogist</hw> \K/dVI"al\F'\ndZIst/\k\p\In.\i\pa speaker in or writer of dialogue. \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Idialogista\i from Greek \Idialogistes\i (as \J\Xdialogue\x)\j\c
<hw>dialogue</hw> \K/"dVI\F'\nlQg/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Bdialog)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b conversation. \Bb\b conversation in written form; this as a form of composition.\p\B2\b \Ba\b a discussion, esp. one between representatives of two political groups. \Bb\b a conversation, a talk \3(long dialogues between the two main characters).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Idialoge\i and Latin \Idialogus\i from Greek \Idialogos,\i from \Idialegomai\i 'converse'\c
<hw>dialogue box</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Bdialog box)\b \IComputing\i a small area on-screen, usu. temporarily displayed, in which the user is prompted to provide information, select commands, etc.\Knew f. Incs, NEWS Oct 94\k
<hw>dialyse</hw> \K/"dVI\F'\nlVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(US\b \Bdialyze)\b \IMed Chem\i separate by means of dialysis.
<hw>dialysis</hw> \K/dVI"alIsIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bdialyses\b \K/-si:z/\k)\p\B1\b \IChem.\i the separation of particles in a liquid by differences in their ability to pass through a membrane into another liquid.\p\B2\b \IMed.\i the clinical purification of blood by this technique, as a substitute for the normal function of the kidney. \Bdialytic\b \K/dVI\F'\n"lItIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin from Greek \Idialusis\i (as \J\Xdia-\x,\j \Iluo\i 'set free')\c
<hw>diamagnetic</hw> \K/dVI\F'\nmag"nEtIk/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IPhysics\i \Iadj.\i tending to become magnetized in a direction at right angles to the applied magnetic field.\p\In.\i\pa diamagnetic body or substance. \Bdiamagnetically\b \Iadv.\i \Bdiamagnetism\b \K/-"magnItIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>diamantΘ</hw> \K/dI\F'\n"mQnteI/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \ITextiles\i \Iadj.\i decorated with powdered crystal or another sparkling substance.\p\In.\i\pfabric or costume jewellery so decorated. \BEtymology:\b \3French, past part. of \Idiamanter\i 'set with diamonds' from \Idiamant\i \J\Xdiamond\x\j\c
<hw>diamantine</hw> \K/dVI\F'\n"mantIn/, /-i:n/\k \Iadj.\i of or like diamonds. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Idiamantin\i (as \J\Xdiamantiferous\x)\j\c
<hw>diameter</hw> \K/dVI"amIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMath Geom\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a straight line passing from side to side through the centre of a body or figure, esp. a circle or sphere. \Bb\b the length of this line.\p\B2\b a transverse measurement; width, thickness.\p\B3\b \IOptics\i a unit of linear measurement of magnifying power \3(a lens magnifying 2,000 diameters).\c \Bdiametral\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Idiametre\i and Latin \Idiametrus\i from Greek \Idiametros\i \I(gramme)\i '(line) measuring across', from \Imetron\i 'measure'\c
<hw>diametrical</hw> \K/dVI\F'\n"mEtrIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i (also \Bdiametric)\b\p\B1\b of or along a diameter.\p\B2\b (of opposition, difference, etc.) complete, like that between opposite ends of a diameter. \Bdiametrically\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Idiametrikos\i (as \J\Xdiameter\x)\j\c
<hw>diamond</hw> \K/"dVI\F'\nm\F'\nnd/\k \In., adj., & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\IMineral Chem\i\p\B1\b a precious stone of pure carbon crystallized in octahedrons etc., the hardest naturally occurring substance.\p\B2\b a figure shaped like the cross-section of a diamond; a rhombus.\p\B3\b \ICards\i \Ba\b a playing card of a suit denoted by a red rhombus. \Bb\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i this suit.\p\B4\b a glittering particle or point (of frost etc.).\p\B5\b a tool with a small diamond for glass-cutting.\p\B6\b \ISport\i \IBaseball\i \Ba\b the space delimited by the bases. \Bb\b the entire field. \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b made of or set with diamonds or a diamond.\p\B2\b rhombus-shaped. \Iv.tr.\i adorn with or as with diamonds.\p\1diamond cut diamond\c \BBrit.\b wit or cunning meets its match. \Bdiamondiferous\b \K/-"dIf(\F'\n)r\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Idiamant\i from medieval Latin \Idiamas diamant-,\i variant of Latin \Iadamas\i \J\Xadamant\x,\j from Greek\c
<hw>diamondback</hw> \K/"dVI\F'\nm\F'\nndbak/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i\p\B1\b an edible freshwater terrapin, Malaclemys terrapin, native to N. America, with lozenge-shaped markings on its shell.\p\B2\b any rattlesnake of the genus \ICrotalus,\i native to N. America, with diamond-shaped markings.
<hw>diamond-bird</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BAustral.\b \IZool.\i = \J\Xpardalote\x.\j\Knew f. NSOED but xref in COD8 Sep 93\k
<hw>diamond in the rough</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BUS\b = \J\Xrough diamond\x 2.\j\Knew f. F. Abate, incomings Sep 94\k
<hw>diamond jubilee</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IHorol\i the 60th (or 75th) anniversary of an event, esp. a sovereign's accession.
<hw>diamond wedding</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IHorol\i a 60th (or 75th) wedding anniversary.
<hw>diandrous</hw> \K/dVI"andr\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i \IBot\i having two stamens. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xdi-\x (1)\j + Greek \Ianer andr-\i 'man'\c
<hw>dianthus</hw> \K/dVI"anT\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i any flowering plant of the genus \IDianthus,\i e.g. a carnation or pink. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \IDios\i 'of Zeus' + \Ianthos\i 'flower'\c
<hw>diapason</hw> \K/dVI\F'\n"peIs(\F'\n)n/, /-z-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMus.\i\p\B1\b the compass of a voice or musical instrument.\p\B2\b a fixed standard of musical pitch.\p\B3\b (in full \Bopen or stopped diapason)\b either of two main organ stops extending through the organ's whole compass.\p\B4\b \Ba\b a combination of musical notes or parts in a harmonious whole. \Bb\b a melodious succession of musical notes, esp. a grand swelling burst of harmony.\p\B5\b an entire compass, range, or scope. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, in the sense 'octave', via Latin \Idiapason\i from Greek \Idia pason\i \I(khordon)\i 'through all (notes)'\c
<hw>diapause</hw> \K/"dVI\F'\npO:z/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i in some insects, a period of suspended development ended by an appropriate environmental stimulus.
<hw>diaper</hw> \K/"dVI\F'\np\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \BN. Amer.\b a baby's nappy.\p\B2\b \ITextiles\i \Ba\b a linen or cotton fabric with a small diamond pattern. \Bb\b this pattern.\p\B3\b a similar ornamental design of diamonds etc. for panels, walls, etc. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b decorate with a diaper pattern.\p\B2\b \BN. Amer.\b change the nappy of (a baby).\Ksense 2 new f. SOED Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Idiapre\i and medieval Latin \Idiasprum\i from medieval Greek \Idiaspros\i \I(adj.)\i (as \J\Xdia-\x,\j \Iaspros\i 'white')\c
<hw>diaphanous</hw> \K/dVI"af(\F'\n)n\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i \ITextiles\i (of fabric etc.) light and delicate, and almost transparent.\Kdiaphanously omitted Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Idiaphanus\i from Greek \Idiaphanes\i (as \J\Xdia-\x,\j \Iphaino\i 'show')\c
<hw>diaphoresis</hw> \K/dVI\F'\nf\F'\n"ri:sIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed.\i sweating, esp. artificially induced. \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin from Greek, from \Idiaphoreo\i 'carry through'\c
<hw>diaphoretic</hw> \K/dVI\F'\nf\F'\n"rEtIk/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IMed.\i \Iadj.\i inducing perspiration.\p\In.\i\p\IPharm Med\i an agent inducing perspiration. \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Idiaphoreticus\i from Greek \Idiaphoretikos\i (formed as \J\Xdiaphoresis\x)\j\c
<hw>diaphragm</hw> \K/"dVI\F'\nfram/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IAnat\i a muscular partition separating the thorax from the abdomen in mammals.\p\B2\b \IZool Bot\i a partition in animal and plant tissues.\p\B3\b \IOptics Acoustics\i a disc pierced by one or more holes in optical and acoustic systems etc.\p\B4\b \IPhotog\i a device for varying the effective aperture of the lens in a camera etc.\p\B5\b \IMed\i a thin contraceptive cap fitting over the cervix.\p\B6\b a thin sheet of material used as a partition etc. \Bdiaphragmatic\b \K/-frag"matIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Late Latin \Idiaphragma\i from Greek (as \J\Xdia-\x,\j \Iphragma -atos\i from \Iphrasso\i 'fence in')\c
<hw>diaphragm pump</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMech\i a pump using a flexible diaphragm in place of a piston.
<hw>diapir</hw> \K/"dVI\F'\npI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeol.\i an anticline in which the upper strata are pierced by a rock core from below.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Jan 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Idiapeirainein\i 'pierce through'\c
<hw>diapositive</hw> \K/dVI\F'\n"pQzItIv/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhotog\i a positive photographic slide or transparency.
<hw>diarchy</hw> \K/"dVIA:ki/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bdyarchy)\b \I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IPolit\i\p\B1\b government by two independent authorities (esp. in India 1919-35).\p\B2\b an instance of this. \Bdiarchal\b \K/dVI"A:k(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Bdiarchic\b \K/dVI"A:kIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xdi-\x (1)\j + Greek \I-arkhia\i 'rule', on the pattern of \Imonarchy\i\c
<hw>diarist</hw> \K/"dVI\F'\nrIst/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILiterature\i a person who keeps a diary. \Bdiaristic\b \K/-"rIstIk/\k \Iadj.\i
<hw>diarize</hw> \K/"dVI\F'\nrVIz/\k\p\Iv.\i\p(also \B-ise)\b \ILiterature\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i keep a diary.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i enter in a diary.
<hw>diarrhoea</hw> \K/dVI\F'\n"rI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Bdiarrhea)\b \IMed\i a condition of excessively frequent and loose bowel movements. \Bdiarrhoeal\b \Iadj.\i \Bdiarrhoeic\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Late Latin from Greek \Idiarrhoia\i (as \J\Xdia-\x,\j \Irheo\i 'flow')\c
<hw>diary</hw> \K/"dVI\F'\nri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b a daily record of events or thoughts.\p\B2\b a book for this or for noting future engagements, usu. printed and with a calendar and other information. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idiarium\i from \Idies\i 'day'\c
<hw>diascope</hw> \K/"dVI\F'\nsk\F'\nUp/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhotog Optics\i an optical projector giving images of transparent objects.
<hw>Diaspora</hw> \K/dVI"asp(\F'\n)r\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IRelig\i \I(prec. by \Bthe)\b\i \Ba\b the dispersion of the Jews among the Gentiles mainly in the 8th-6th c. bc. \Bb\b Jews dispersed in this way.\p\B2\b (also \Bdiaspora)\b \Ba\b any group of people similarly dispersed. \Bb\b their dispersion. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek from \Idiaspeiro\i (as \J\Xdia-\x,\j \Ispeiro\i 'scatter')\c
<hw>diastema</hw> \K/dVI\F'\n"sti:m\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnat Zool\i a space between adjacent teeth, esp. in front of the premolars in rodents and ungulates.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Jan 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin from Greek, = space between\c
<hw>diastole</hw> \K/dVI"ast\F'\nli/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysiol.\i the period between two contractions of the heart when the heart muscle relaxes and allows the chambers to fill with blood \I(cf.\i \J\Xsystole\x).\j \Bdiastolic\b \K/dVI\F'\n"stQlIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin from Greek \Idiastello\i (as \J\Xdia-\x,\j \Istello\i 'place')\c
<hw>diathermancy</hw> \K/dVI\F'\n"T\F'\n:m(\F'\n)nsi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i the quality of transmitting radiant heat. \Bdiathermic\b \Iadj.\i \Bdiathermous\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Idiathermansie,\i from Greek \Idia\i 'through' + \Ithermansis\i 'heating': assimilated to \J\X-ancy\x\j\c
<hw>diathermy</hw> \K/"dVI\F'\nT\F'\n:mi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i the application of high-frequency electric currents to produce heat in the deeper tissues of the body. \BEtymology:\b \3German \IDiathermie,\i from Greek \Idia\i 'through' + \Ithermon\i 'heat'\c
<hw>diathesis</hw> \K/dVI"aT\F'\nsIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed.\i a constitutional predisposition to a certain state, esp. a diseased one. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from Greek, from \Idiatithemi\i 'arrange'\c
<hw>diatom</hw> \K/"dVI\F'\nt\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a microscopic unicellular alga with a siliceous cell wall, found as plankton and forming fossil deposits. \Bdiatomaceous\b \K/-"meIS\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin genus name \IDiatoma,\i from Greek \Idiatomos\i (as \J\Xdia-\x,\j \Itemno\i 'cut')\c
<hw>diatomaceous earth</hw> \K/dVI\F'\nt\F'\n"meIS\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISci\i = \J\Xkieselguhr\x.\j\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Jan 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xdiatom\x\j + \J\X-aceous\x\j\c
<hw>diatomic</hw> \K/dVI\F'\n"tQmIk/\k \Iadj.\i \IChem\i consisting of two atoms. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xdi-\x (1)\j + \J\Xatom\x\j\c
<hw>diatomite</hw> \K/dVI"at\F'\nmVIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeol.\i a pale sedimentary deposit formed from the siliceous skeletons of diatoms. \ICf.\i \J\Xkieselguhr\x.\j
<hw>diatonic</hw> \K/dVI\F'\n"tQnIk/\k \Iadj.\i \IMus.\i\p\B1\b (of a scale, interval, etc.) involving only notes proper to the prevailing key without chromatic alteration.\p\B2\b (of a melody or harmony) constructed from such a scale. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Idiatonique\i or Late Latin \Idiatonicus\i from Greek \Idiatonikos\i 'at intervals of a tone' (as \J\Xdia-\x,\j \J\Xtonic\x)\j\c
<hw>diatribe</hw> \K/"dVI\F'\ntrVIb/\k\p\In.\i\pa forceful verbal attack; a piece of bitter criticism. \BEtymology:\b \3French via Latin \Idiatriba\i from Greek \Idiatribe\i 'spending of time, discourse', from \Idiatribo\i (as \J\Xdia-\x,\j \Itribo\i 'rub')\c
<hw>diazepam</hw> \K/dVI"azIpam/, /-"eIz-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPharm\i a tranquillizing muscle-relaxant drug with anticonvulsant properties used to relieve anxiety, tension, etc., e.g. Valium. \BEtymology:\b \3benzo\Idiazep\iine + \Iam\i\c
<hw>diazo</hw> \K/dVI"az\F'\nU/, /-"eIz\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p(in full \Bdiazotype)\b \IPrinting\i a copying or colouring process using a diazo compound decomposed by ultraviolet light. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xdi-\x (1)\j + \J\Xazo-\x\j\c
<hw>diazo compound</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i a chemical compound containing two usu. multiply-bonded nitrogen atoms, often highly coloured and used as dyes.
<hw>dibble</hw> \K/"dIb(\F'\n)l/\k \In. & v.\i \IHort\i\p\In.\i\p\ITools\i a hand tool for making holes in the ground for seeds or young plants.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i sow or plant with a dibble.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i prepare (soil) with a dibble.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i use a dibble. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English: perhaps related to \J\Xdib\x\j\c
<hw>dibs</hw> \K/dIbz/\k \In.pl.\i \BBrit.\b \Islang\i money. \BEtymology:\b \3earlier sense 'pebbles for game', also \Idib-stones,\i perhaps from \J\Xdib\x\j\c
<hw>dice</hw> \K/dVIs/\k \In. & v.\i \In.pl.\i\p\B1\b \IGames\i \Ba\b small cubes with faces bearing one to six spots used in games of chance. \Bb\b \I(treated as \Bsing.)\b\i one of these cubes (see \J\Xdie\x (2)).\j\p\B2\b \IGames\i a game played with one or more such cubes.\p\B3\b \ICookery\i food cut into small cubes for cooking.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \Iintr.\i \IGames\i play dice. \Bb\b \Iintr.\i take great risks, gamble \3(dicing with death).\c \Bc\b \Itr.\i \I(foll. by \Baway)\b\i gamble away.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \ICookery\i cut (food) into small cubes.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \BAustral.\b \Islang\i reject; leave alone.\p\B4\b \Itr.\i chequer, mark with squares.\p\1no dice\c \Icolloq.\i (there is) no chance of success, cooperation, etc. \Bdicer\b\p\In.\i\p(in sense 1a of \Iv.).\i \BEtymology:\b \3pl. of \J\Xdie\x (2)\j\c See Usage Note at \J\Xdie\x (2).\j
<hw>dichotomy</hw> \K/dVI"kQt\F'\nmi/, /dI-/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b a division into two classes, parts, etc., esp. of things that are opposed or entirely different. \Bb\b a sharp or paradoxical contrast.\p\B2\b \IBot.\i & \IZool.\i repeated bifurcation. \Bdichotomic\b \K/-k\F'\n"tQmIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Bdichotomize\b\p\Iv.\i\p(also \B-ise).\b \Bdichotomous\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \Idichotomia\i from Greek \Idikhotomia,\i from \Idikho-\i 'apart' + \J\X-tomy\x\j\c The use of \Idichotomy\i to mean 'dilemma' or 'ambivalence', as in \II was faced with the dichotomy of wanting to pass the exam but not wanting to please my teacher;\i \IShe alone in the book conveys the dichotomy of the white immigrants towards blacks,\i is considered incorrect in standard English.
<hw>dichromatic</hw> \K/dVIkr\F'\n(U)"matIk/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b two-coloured.\p\B2\b \Ba\b \IZool\i (of animal species) having individuals that show different colorations. \Bb\b \IZool Physiol\i having vision sensitive to only two of the three primary colours. \Bdichromatism\b \K/dVI"kr\F'\nUm\F'\ntIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xdi-\x (1)\j + Greek \Ikhromatikos\i from \Ikhroma -atos\i 'colour'\c
<hw>dick (1)</hw> \K/dIk/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i (in certain set phrases) fellow; person \3(clever dick).\c\p\B2\b \Icoarse slang\i the penis. \BEtymology:\b \3pet form of the name \IRichard\i\c
<hw>dick (2)</hw> \K/dIk/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICriminol\i \Islang\i a detective. \BEtymology:\b \3perhaps abbreviation\c
<hw>dick (3)</hw> \K/dIk/\k\p\In.\i\p\1take one's dick\c \I(often foll. by \Bthat\b + clause)\i \BBrit.\b \Islang\i swear, affirm. \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation of \Ideclaration\i\c
<hw>dicken</hw> \K/"dIk(\F'\n)n/\k \Iint.\i \BAustral.\b \Islang\i an expression of disgust or disbelief. \BEtymology:\b \3usu. associated with \J\Xdickens\x\j or the name \IDickens\i\c
<hw>dickens</hw> \K/"dIkInz/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(usu. prec. by \Bhow,\b \Bwhat,\b \Bwhy,\b etc., \Bthe)\b\i \Icolloq.\i (esp. in exclamations) deuce; the Devil \3(what the dickens are you doing here?).\c \BEtymology:\b \316th c.: probably a use of the surname \IDickens\i\c
<hw>Dickensian</hw> \K/dI"kEnzI\F'\nn/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \ILiterature etc.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of or relating to Charles Dickens, English novelist d. 1870, or his work.\p\B2\b resembling or reminiscent of the situations, poor social conditions, or comically repulsive characters described in Dickens's work.\p\In.\i\pan admirer or student of Dickens or his work.\KDickensianly omitted Sep 93\k
<hw>dicker</hw> \K/"dIk\F'\n/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Besp. US\b\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \Iintr.\i bargain, haggle. \Bb\b \Itr.\i barter, exchange.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i dither, hesitate.\p\In.\i\pa deal, a barter. \Bdickerer\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3perhaps from \Idicker\i 'set of ten (hides)', as a unit of trade\c
<hw>dickhead</hw> \K/"dIkhEd/\k\p\In.\i\p\Icoarse slang\i a stupid or obnoxious person, esp. a man; an idiot.\Knew f. POD8 Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xdick\x (1)\j\c
<hw>dicky (1)</hw> \K/"dIki/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bdickey)\b \I(pl.\i \B-ies\b or \B-eys)\b \Icolloq.\i\p\B1\b \IClothing\i a false shirt-front.\p\B2\b (in full \Bdicky bird)\b a child's word for a little bird.\p\B3\b \BBrit.\b \ITransport\i a driver's seat in a carriage.\p\B4\b \BBrit.\b \ITransport\i an extra folding seat at the back of a vehicle.\p\B5\b (in full \Bdicky bow)\b \BBrit.\b \IClothing\i a bow tie. \BEtymology:\b \3some senses from \IDicky\i (as \J\Xdick\x (1))\j\c
<hw>dicky (2)</hw> \K/"dIki/\k \Iadj.\i \B(dickier,\b \Bdickiest)\b \BBrit.\b \Islang\i unsound; likely to collapse or fail. \BEtymology:\b \318th c.: perhaps from the saying 'as queer as Dick's hatband'\c
<hw>dicotyledon</hw> \K/%dVIkQtI"li:d(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i any flowering plant with an embryo which bears two cotyledons. \Bdicotyledonous\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \Idicotyledones\i (as \J\Xdi-\x (1),\j \J\Xcotyledon\x)\j\c
<hw>dicrotic</hw> \K/dVI"krQtIk/\k \Iadj.\i \IPhysiol\i (of the pulse) having a double beat. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Idikrotos\i\c
<hw>dicta</hw> \I\Ipl.\i of\i \J\Xdictum\x.\j
<hw>Dictaphone</hw> \K/"dIkt\F'\nf\F'\nUn/\k\p\In.\i\p\Ipropr.\i a machine for recording and playing back dictated letters etc. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xdictate\x\j + \J\X-phone\x\j\c
<hw>dictate</hw> \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\K/dIk"teIt/\k\p\B1\b \Itr.\i say or read aloud (words to be written down or recorded).\p\B2\b \Ba\b \Itr.\i prescribe or lay down authoritatively (terms, things to be done). \Bb\b \Iintr.\i lay down the law; give orders.\p\In.\i\p\K/"dIkteIt/\k \I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i an authoritative instruction \3(dictates of conscience).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idictare dictat-,\i frequentative of \Idicere dict-\i 'say'\c
<hw>dictation</hw> \K/dIk"teIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the saying of words to be written down or recorded. \Bb\b an instance of this, esp. as a school exercise. \Bc\b the material that is dictated.\p\B2\b \Ba\b authoritative prescription. \Bb\b an instance of this. \Bc\b a command.
<hw>dictation speed</hw>\p\In.\i\pa slow rate of speech suitable for dictation.
<hw>dictator</hw> \K/dIk"teIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPolit\i a ruler with (often usurped) unrestricted authority.\p\B2\b a person with supreme authority in any sphere.\p\B3\b a domineering person.\p\B4\b a person who dictates for transcription.\p\B5\b \IRom.Hist.\i a chief magistrate with absolute power, appointed in an emergency. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin (as \J\Xdictate\x)\j\c
<hw>dictatorial</hw> \K/dIkt\F'\n"tO:rI\F'\nl/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of or like a dictator.\p\B2\b imperious, overbearing. \Bdictatorially\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idictatorius\i (as \J\Xdictator\x)\j\c
<hw>dictatorship</hw> \K/dIk"teIt\F'\nSIp/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPolit\i a state ruled by a dictator.\p\B2\b \IPolit\i \Ba\b the position, rule, or period of rule of a dictator. \Bb\b rule by a dictator.\p\B3\b absolute authority in any sphere.
<hw>diction</hw> \K/"dIkS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhonet\i\p\B1\b the manner of enunciation in speaking or singing.\p\B2\b the choice of words or phrases in speech or writing. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Idiction\i or Latin \Idictio,\i from \Idicere dict-\i 'say'\c
<hw>dictionary</hw> \K/"dIkS(\F'\n)n(\F'\n)ri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \ILinguistics Lexicography\i\p\B1\b a book that lists (usu. in alphabetical order) and explains the words of a language or gives equivalent words in another language.\p\B2\b a reference book on any subject, the items of which are arranged in alphabetical order \3(dictionary of architecture).\c \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Idictionarium\i \I(manuale\i 'manual') & \Idictionarius\i \I(liber\i 'book') from Latin \Idictio\i (as \J\Xdiction\x)\j\c
<hw>dictum</hw> \K/"dIkt\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bdicta\b \K/-t\F'\n/\k or \Bdictums)\b\p\B1\b a formal utterance or pronouncement.\p\B2\b a saying or maxim.\p\B3\b \ILaw\i = \J\Xobiter dictum\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = neut. past part. of \Idicere\i 'say'\c
<hw>did</hw> \I\Ipast\i of\i \J\Xdo\x (1).\j
<hw>didactic</hw> \K/dI"daktIk/, /dVI-/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b meant to instruct.\p\B2\b (of a person) tediously pedantic. \Bdidactically\b \Iadv.\i \Bdidacticism\b \K/-tIsIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ididaktikos\i from \Ididasko\i 'teach'\c
<hw>didakai</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xdidicoi\x.\j
<hw>diddicoy</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xdidicoi\x.\j
<hw>diddle</hw> \K/"dId(\F'\n)l/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\Icolloq.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i cheat, swindle.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \BUS\b waste time. \Bdiddler\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3probably a back-formation from Jeremy \IDiddler,\i a character in Kenney's 'Raising the Wind' (1803), who constantly borrowed small sums of money which he did not repay\c
<hw>diddly-squat</hw> \K/"dIdlI%skwQt/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bdoodly-squat)\b \BN. Amer.\b \Islang\i\p\B1\b \I(foll. by \Bneg.)\b\i anything, the least bit \3(doesn't mean diddly-squat to me).\c\p\B2\b nothing at all.\Knew f. corpus, incomings Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3variant of \J\Xdoodly-squat\x,\j probably from US slang \Idoodle\i 'excrement', \Isquat\i 'to void excrement'\c
<hw>diddums</hw> \K/"dId\F'\nmz/\k \Iint.\i \BBrit.\b expressing commiseration esp. to a child. \BEtymology:\b \3from \Idid 'em,\i i.e. 'did they (tease you etc.)?'\c
<hw>didgeridoo</hw> \K/dIdZ(\F'\n)rI"du:/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bdidjeridoo)\b \IMus\i an Australian Aboriginal musical wind instrument of long tubular shape. \BEtymology:\b \3imitative\c
<hw>didicoi</hw> \K/"dIdIkOI/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bdidakai,\b \Bdiddicoy)\b \BBrit.\b \Islang\i a gypsy; an itinerant tinker. \BEtymology:\b \3Romany\c
<hw>didn't</hw> \K/"dId(\F'\n)nt/\k \Icontr.\i did not.
<hw>dido</hw> \K/"dVId\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-oes\b or \B-os)\b \BUS\b \Icolloq.\i an antic, a caper, a prank.\p\1cut (or cut up) didoes\c play pranks. \BEtymology:\b \319th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>didymium</hw> \K/dI"dImI\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i \IPhysics\i a mixture of praseodymium and neodymium, originally regarded as an element. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from Greek \Ididumos\i 'twin' (from being closely associated with lanthanum)\c
<hw>die (1)</hw> \K/dVI/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B(dies,\b \Bdied,\b \Bdying\b \K/"dVIIN/\k)\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bof)\b\i (of a person, animal, or plant) cease to live; expire, lose vital force \3(died of hunger).\c\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \Ba\b come to an end, cease to exist, fade away \3(the project died within six months).\c \Bb\b cease to function; break down \3(the engine died).\c \Bc\b (of a flame) go out.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bon)\b\i die or cease to function while in the presence or charge of (a person).\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bof,\b \Bfrom,\b \Bwith)\b\i be exhausted or tormented \3(nearly died of boredom;\c \2was dying from the heat).\c\p\B5\b \Itr.\i suffer (a specified death) \3(died a natural death).\c\p\1be dying\c \I(foll. by \Bfor,\b or \Bto\b + infin.)\i wish for longingly or intently \3(was dying for a drink;\c \2am dying to see you).\c\p\Bdie away\b become weaker or fainter to the point of extinction.\p\Bdie back\b \IBot\i (of a plant) decay from the tip towards the root.\p\Bdie down\b become less loud or strong.\p\Bdie hard\b die reluctantly, not without a struggle \3(old habits die hard).\c\p\Bdie off\b die one after another until few or none are left.\p\Bdie out\b become extinct, cease to exist.\p\1never say die\c keep up one's courage, not give in.\p\1to die for\c \I\B(predic.)\b\i \Icolloq.\i extremely good or desirable \3(chocolate to die for).\c\Kto die for new f. News, corpus Mar 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, probably from Old Norse \Ideyja,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>die (2)</hw> \K/dVI/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IGames\i \I\Ising.\i of\i \J\Xdice\x\p\In.\i\p1a.\j\p\B2\b \I(pl.\i \Bdies)\b \IMech\i \Ba\b an engraved device for stamping a design on coins, medals, etc. \Bb\b a device for stamping, cutting, or moulding material into a particular shape.\p\B3\b \I(pl.\i \Bdice\b \K/dVIs/\k) \IArchit.\i the cubical part of a pedestal between the base and the cornice; a dado or plinth.\p\1as straight (or true) as a die\c\p\B1\b quite straight.\p\B2\b entirely honest or loyal.\p\1the die is cast\c an irrevocable step has been taken. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ide\i from Latin \Idatum,\i neut. past part. of \Idare\i 'give, play'\c \IDice,\i rather than \Idie,\i is now the standard singular as well as plural form in the games sense (sense 1 above), e.g. \Ione dice, two dice.\i
<hw>die-away</hw> \Iadj.\i having a languishing or affectedly feeble manner.
<hw>die-back</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IHort\i the progressive dying back of a shrub or tree shoot owing to disease or unfavourable conditions.\Knew f. SOED, corpus Oct 93\k
<hw>die-casting</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMetallurgy\i the process or product of casting from metal moulds. \Bdie-cast\b \Iv.tr.\i\Kdie-cast subsumed Aug 92\k
<hw>dieffenbachia</hw> \K/di:f(\F'\n)n"bakI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i any tropical American evergreen plant of the genus \IDieffenbachia\i (arum family), often grown as a house plant and having acrid toxic sap.\Knew f. NSEOD, Coll. Jan 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin, named after E. \IDieffenbach,\i German horticulturalist, d. 1855\c
<hw>diehard</hw> \K/"dVIhA:d/\k\p\In.\i\pa conservative or stubborn person.
<hw>dieldrin</hw> \K/"di:ldrIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i a toxic insecticide produced by the oxidation of aldrin, now little used because of its persistence in the environment. \BEtymology:\b \3from O. \IDiels,\i German chemist d. 1954 + \J\Xaldrin\x\j\c
<hw>dielectric</hw> \K/dVII"lEktrIk/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IElectr.\i \Iadj.\i insulating.\p\In.\i\pan insulating medium or substance. \Bdielectrically\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xdi-\x (3)\j + \J\Xelectric\x\j = through which electricity is transmitted (without conduction)\c
<hw>diesel</hw> \K/"di:z(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\IEngin\i\p\B1\b (in full \Bdiesel engine)\b an internal-combustion engine in which the heat produced by the compression of air in the cylinder ignites the fuel.\p\B2\b a vehicle driven by a diesel engine.\p\B3\b \IChem\i fuel for a diesel engine. \Bdieselize\b \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise).\b \BEtymology:\b \3named after R. \IDiesel,\i German engineer d. 1913, who invented the engine\c
<hw>diesel-electric</hw> \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\pa vehicle driven by the electric current produced by a diesel-engined generator. \Iadj.\i of or powered by this means.
<hw>diesel oil</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ITransport\i a heavy petroleum fraction used as fuel in diesel engines.
<hw>die-sinker</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMetalluryg\i an engraver of dies.
\B\IDies irae\b\i \K/%di:eIz "I\F'\nrVI/, /"I\F'\nreI/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig Mus\i a Latin hymn sung in a Mass for the dead. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin (the opening words), = day of wrath\c
\B\Idies non\b\i \K/%dVIi:z "nQn/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i\p\B1\b a day on which no legal business can be done.\p\B2\b a day that does not count for legal purposes. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, short for \Idies non juridicus\i 'non-judicial day'\c
<hw>die-stamping</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPrinting\i embossing paper etc. with a die.
<hw>diet (1)</hw> \K/"dVI\F'\nt/\k \In., v., & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the kinds of food that a person or animal habitually eats.\p\B2\b \IMed\i a special course of food to which a person is restricted, esp. for medical reasons or to control weight.\p\B3\b a regular occupation or series of activities to which one is restricted or which form one's main concern, usu. for a purpose \3(a diet of light reading and fresh air).\c\p\Iv.\i\p\B(dieted,\b \Bdieting)\b\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i restrict oneself to small amounts or special kinds of food, esp. to control one's weight.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i restrict (a person or animal) to a special diet. \Iattrib.adj.\i with reduced fat or sugar content.\Kadj. new f. incomings, corpus Feb 95\k \Bdieter\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Idiete\i \I(n.),\i \Idieter\i \I(v.)\i and Latin \Idiaeta\i from Greek \Idiaita\i 'a way of life'\c
<hw>diet (2)</hw> \K/"dVI\F'\nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i\p\B1\b a legislative assembly in certain countries.\p\B2\b \Ihist.\i a national or international conference, esp. of a federal state or confederation.\p\B3\b \BSc.\b \ILaw\i a meeting or session of a court. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from medieval Latin \Idieta\i 'day's work, wages, etc.'\c
<hw>dietary</hw> \K/"dVI\F'\nt(\F'\n)ri/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i of or relating to a diet.\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IMed\i a regulated or restricted diet. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from medieval Latin \Idietarium\i (as \J\Xdiet\x (1))\j\c
<hw>dietetic</hw> \K/dVI\F'\n"tEtIk/\k \Iadj.\i of or relating to diet. \Bdietetically\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idieteticus\i from Greek \Idiaitetikos\i (as \J\Xdiet\x (1))\j\c
<hw>dietetics</hw> \K/dVI\F'\n"tEtIks/\k \In.pl.\i \I(usu. treated as \Bsing.)\b\i \IMed\i the scientific study of diet and nutrition.
<hw>dietitian</hw> \K/dVI\F'\n"tIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bdietician)\b \IMed\i an expert in dietetics.
<hw>dif-</hw> \K/dIf/\k \Iprefix\i \Iassim. form of\i \J\Xdis-\x\j before \If.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin variant of \J\Xdis-\x\j\c
<hw>differ</hw> \K/"dIf\F'\n/\k \Iv.intr.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bfrom)\b\i be unlike or distinguishable.\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i disagree; be at variance (with a person). \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Idifferer\i from Latin \Idifferre\i 'differ, \J\Xdefer\x (1)\j' (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \Iferre\i 'bear, tend')\c
<hw>difference</hw> \K/"dIf(\F'\n)r(\F'\n)ns/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the state or condition of being different or unlike.\p\B2\b a point in which things differ; a distinction.\p\B3\b a degree of unlikeness.\p\B4\b \Ba\b the quantity by which amounts differ; a deficit \3(will have to make up the difference).\c \Bb\b \IMath\i the remainder left after subtraction.\p\B5\b \Ba\b a disagreement, quarrel, or dispute. \Bb\b the grounds of disagreement \3(put aside their differences).\c\p\B6\b \IHeraldry\i an alteration in a coat of arms distinguishing members of a family. \Iv.tr.\i \IHeraldry\i alter (a coat of arms) to distinguish members of a family.\p\1make a (or all the etc.) difference\c \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i have a significant effect or influence (on a person, situation, etc.).\p\1make no difference\c \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i have no effect (on a person, situation, etc.).\p\1with a difference\c having a new or unusual feature. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Idifferentia\i (as \J\Xdifferent\x)\j\c
<hw>different</hw> \K/"dIf(\F'\n)r(\F'\n)nt/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bfrom,\b \Bto,\b \Bthan)\b\i unlike, distinguishable in nature, form, or quality (from another).\p\B2\b distinct, separate; not the same one (as another).\p\B3\b \Icolloq.\i unusual \3(wanted to do something different).\c \Bdifferently\b \Iadv.\i \Bdifferentness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Idifferent-\i (as \J\Xdiffer\x)\j\c In sense 1 \Idifferent from\i is generally regarded as the most acceptable collocation; \Ito\i is common in less formal British use; \Ithan\i is established in US use and also found in British use, esp. when followed by a clause, e.g. \II am a different person than I was a year ago.\i
<hw>differentia</hw> \K/dIf\F'\n"rEnSI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bdifferentiae\b \K/-SIi:/\k) \IBiol\i a distinguishing mark, esp. between species within a genus. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin: see \J\Xdifference\x\j\c
<hw>differential</hw> \K/dIf\F'\n"rEnS(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b of, exhibiting, or depending on a difference. \Bb\b varying according to circumstances.\p\B2\b \IMath.\i relating to infinitesimal differences.\p\B3\b constituting a specific difference; distinctive; relating to specific differences \3(differential diagnosis).\c\p\B4\b \IPhysics\i & \IMech.\i concerning the difference of two or more motions, pressures, etc.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a difference between individuals or examples of the same kind.\p\B2\b \IIndustry\i a difference in wage or salary between industries or categories of employees in the same industry.\p\B3\b a difference between rates of interest etc.\p\B4\b \IMath.\i \Ba\b an infinitesimal difference between successive values of a variable. \Bb\b a function expressing this as a rate of change with respect to another variable.\p\B5\b (in full \Bdifferential gear)\b \IMech\i a gear allowing a vehicle's driven wheels to revolve at different speeds in cornering. \Bdifferentially\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3medieval & modern Latin \Idifferentialis\i (as \J\Xdifference\x)\j\c
<hw>differential calculus</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMath.\i a method of calculating rates of change, maximum or minimum values, etc. \I(cf.\i \J\Xintegral calculus\x).\j\Kxref changed - integral calculus is now a hwd Aug 92 aaw\k
<hw>differential equation</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMath.\i an equation involving differentials among its quantities.
<hw>differentiate</hw> \K/dIf\F'\n"rEnSIeIt/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i constitute a difference between or in.\p\B2\b \Itr. & \I(often foll. by \Bbetween)\b\i intr.\i find differences (between); discriminate.\p\B3\b \Itr. & intr.\i \IBiol Gram\i make or become different in the process of growth or development (species, word-forms, etc.).\p\B4\b \Itr.\i \IMath.\i transform (a function) into its derivative. \Bdifferentiation\b \K/-"eIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bdifferentiator\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Idifferentiare differentiat-\i (as \J\Xdifference\x)\j\c
<hw>differently abled</hw> \Iadj.\i \Ieuphem.\i disabled.\Knew in COD9 f. Incomings, Wordfinder Sep 93\k
<hw>difficult</hw> \K/"dIfIk(\F'\n)lt/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b needing much effort or skill. \Bb\b troublesome, perplexing.\p\B2\b (of a person): \Ba\b not easy to please or satisfy. \Bb\b uncooperative, troublesome.\p\B3\b characterized by hardships or problems \3(a difficult period in his life).\c \Bdifficultly\b \Iadv.\i \Bdifficultness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, back-formation from \J\Xdifficulty\x\j\c
<hw>difficulty</hw> \K/"dIfIk(\F'\n)lti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b the state or condition of being difficult.\p\B2\b \Ba\b a difficult thing; a problem or hindrance. \Bb\b \I(often in \Bpl.)\b\i a cause of distress or hardship \3(in financial difficulties;\c \2there was someone in difficulties in the water).\c \Kmake difficulties omitted from COD Feb 93\k\p\1with difficulty\c not easily. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Idifficultas\i (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \Ifacultas\i \J\Xfaculty\x)\j\c
<hw>diffract</hw> \K/dI"frakt/\k \Iv.tr.\i \IPhysics\i (of the edge of an opaque body, a narrow slit, etc.) break up (a beam of light) into a series of dark or light bands or coloured spectra, or (a beam of radiation or particles) into a series of alternately high and low intensities. \Bdiffraction\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdiffractive\b \Iadj.\i \Bdiffractively\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idiffringere diffract-\i (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \Ifrangere\i 'break')\c
<hw>diffraction grating</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i a plate of glass or metal ruled with very close parallel lines, producing a spectrum by diffraction and interference of light.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Jan 94\k
<hw>diffractometer</hw> \K/dIfrak"tQmIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics Crystallog\i an instrument for measuring diffraction, esp. in crystallographic work.
<hw>diffuse</hw> \Iadj. & v.\i \Iadj.\i \K/dI"fju:s/\k\p\B1\b (of light, inflammation, etc.) spread out, dispersed, not concentrated or localized.\p\B2\b (of prose, speech, etc.) not concise; long-winded, verbose. \Iv.tr. & intr.\i \K/dI"fju:z/\k\p\B1\b disperse or be dispersed from a centre.\p\B2\b spread or be spread widely; reach a large area.\p\B3\b \IPhysics\i intermingle by diffusion. \Bdiffusely\b \K/dI"fju:sli/\k \Iadv.\i \Bdiffuseness\b \K/dI"fju:snIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bdiffusible\b \K/dI"fju:zIb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Bdiffusive\b \K/dI"fju:sIv/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from French \Idiffus\i or Latin \Idiffusus\i 'extensive' (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \Ifusus,\i past part. of \Ifundere\i 'pour')\c
<hw>diffuser</hw> \K/dI"fju:z\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bdiffusor)\b\p\B1\b a person or thing that diffuses, esp. a device for diffusing light.\p\B2\b \IEngin.\i a duct for broadening an airflow and reducing its speed.
<hw>diffusion</hw> \K/dI"fju:Z(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or an instance of diffusing; the process of being diffused.\p\B2\b \IPhysics\i & \IChem.\i the interpenetration of substances by the natural movement of their particles.\p\B3\b \IAnthropol.\i \IArchaeol\i the spread of elements of culture etc. to another region or people. \Bdiffusionist\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Idiffusio\i (as \J\Xdiffuse\x)\j\c
<hw>dig</hw> \K/dIg/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B(digging;\b \Ipast\i and \Ipast part.\i \Bdug\b \K/dVg/\k)\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i break up and remove or turn over soil, ground, etc., with a tool, one's hands, (of an animal) claws, etc.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b break up and displace (the ground etc.) in this way. \Bb\b \I(foll. by \Bup)\b\i break up the soil of (fallow land).\p\B3\b \Itr.\i make (a hole, grave, tunnel, etc.) by digging.\p\B4\b \Itr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bup,\b \Bout)\b\i \Ba\b obtain or remove by digging. \Bb\b find or discover after searching.\p\B5\b \Itr.\i \I(also \Babsol.)\b\i \IArchaeol\i excavate (an archaeological site).\p\B6\b \Itr.\i \Islang\i like, appreciate, or understand.\p\B7\b \Itr. & intr.\i \I(foll. by \Bin,\b \Binto)\b\i thrust or poke into or down into.\p\B8\b \Iintr.\i make one's way by digging \3(dug through the mountainside).\c\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a piece of digging.\p\B2\b a thrust or poke \3(a dig in the ribs).\c\p\B3\b \I(often foll. by \Bat)\b\i \Icolloq.\i a pointed or critical remark.\p\B4\b \IArchaeol\i an archaeological excavation.\p\B5\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \Besp. Brit.\b \Icolloq.\i lodgings.\p\1dig one's feet (or heels or toes) in\c be obstinate.\p\Bdig in\b \Icolloq.\i begin eating.\p\Bdig oneself in\b\p\B1\b \IMil\i prepare a defensive trench or pit.\p\B2\b establish one's position. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English \Idigge,\i of uncertain origin: perhaps from Old English \Idic\i 'ditch'\c
<hw>digamma</hw> \K/dVI"gam\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPalaeog\i the sixth letter (&Digamma., &digamma.) of the early Greek alphabet (probably pronounced w), later disused. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin from Greek (as \J\Xdi-\x (1),\j \J\Xgamma\x)\j\c
<hw>digastric</hw> \K/dVI"gastrIk/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IAnat.\i \Iadj.\i (of a muscle) having two wide parts with a tendon between.\p\In.\i\pthe muscle that opens the jaw. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \Idigastricus\i (as \J\Xdi-\x (1),\j Greek \Igaster\i 'belly')\c
<hw>digest</hw> \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.tr.\i \K/dVI"dZEst/, /dI-/\k\p\B1\b \IPhysiol\i break down (food) in the stomach and bowels into simpler molecules that can be assimilated by the body.\p\B2\b understand and assimilate mentally.\p\B3\b \IChem.\i treat (a substance) with heat, enzymes, or a solvent in order to decompose it, extract the essence, etc.\p\B4\b \Ba\b reduce to a systematic or convenient form; classify; summarize. \Bb\b think over; arrange in the mind.\p\In.\i\p\K/"dVIdZEst/\k\p\B1\b \ILaw\i \Ba\b a methodical summary esp. of a body of laws. \Bb\b \B(the Digest)\b \IRom. Antiq.\i the compendium of Roman law compiled in the reign of Justinian (6th c. ad).\p\B2\b a regular or occasional synopsis of current literature or news. \Bdigester\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdigestible\b \Iadj.\i \Bdigestibility\b \K/-"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Idigerere digest-\i 'distribute, dissolve, digest' (as \J\Xdi-\x (2),\j \Igerere\i 'carry')\c
<hw>digestion</hw> \K/dVI"dZEstS(\F'\n)n/, /dI-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the process of digesting.\p\B2\b \IPhysiol\i the capacity to digest food \3(has a weak digestion).\c\p\B3\b \IChem\i digesting a substance by means of heat, enzymes, or a solvent. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Idigestio -onis\i (as \J\Xdigest\x)\j\c
<hw>digestive</hw> \K/dVI"dZEstIv/, /dI-/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of or relating to digestion.\p\B2\b aiding or promoting digestion.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a substance that aids digestion.\p\B2\b (in full \Bdigestive biscuit)\b \BBrit.\b \IFood\i a usu. round semi-sweet wholemeal biscuit. \Bdigestively\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Idigestif -ive\i or Latin \Idigestivus\i (as \J\Xdigest\x)\j\c
<hw>digger</hw> \K/"dIg\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person or machine that digs, esp. a mechanical excavator.\p\B2\b a miner, esp. a gold-digger.\p\B3\b \IMil\i \Icolloq.\i an Australian or New Zealander, esp. a private soldier.\p\B4\b \BAustral.\b & \BNZ\b \Icolloq.\i (as a form of address) mate, fellow.
<hw>digger wasp</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i any of various mainly solitary wasps which burrow in soil.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Jan 94\k
<hw>diggings</hw> \K/"dIgINz/\k \In.pl.\i\p\B1\b \IGeol\i \Ba\b a mine or goldfield. \Bb\b material dug out of a mine etc.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i lodgings, accommodation.
<hw>dight</hw> \K/dVIt/\k \Iadj.\i \Iarchaic\i clothed, arrayed. \BEtymology:\b \3past part. of \Idight\i from Old English \Idihtan,\i from Latin \Idictare\i \J\Xdictate\x\j\c
<hw>digit</hw> \K/"dIdZIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMath\i any numeral from 0 to 9, esp. when forming part of a number.\p\B2\b \IAnat.\i & \IZool.\i a finger, thumb, or toe. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Idigitus\i\c
<hw>digital</hw> \K/"dIdZIt(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IElectronics Computing\i designating, relating to, operating with, or created using, signals or information represented by digits \3(a digital recording).\c\p\B2\b \IHorol\i (of a clock, watch, etc.) giving a reading by means of displayed digits as opposed to hands \I(cf.\i \J\Xanalogue\x \Iadj.\i 2).\j \Bdigitalize\b \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise).\b \Bdigitally\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idigitalis\i (as \J\Xdigit\x)\j\c
<hw>digital audio tape</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IElectronics\i magnetic tape on which sound is recorded digitally.
<hw>digitalin</hw> \K/dIdZI"teIlIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPharm\i the pharmacologically active constituent(s) of the foxglove. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xdigitalis\x\j + \J\X-in\x\j\c
<hw>digitalis</hw> \K/dIdZI"teIlIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPharm\i a drug prepared from the dried leaves of foxgloves and containing substances that stimulate the heart muscle. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin, = relating to the finger, genus name of foxglove, influenced by German \IFingerhut\i 'foxglove, thimble': see \J\Xdigital\x\j\c
<hw>digital to analog converter</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IComputing\i a device for converting digital values to analog form.
<hw>digitate</hw> \K/"dIdZIt\F'\nt/, /-eIt/\k \Iadj.\i \IAnat\i\p\B1\b \IZool.\i having separate fingers or toes.\p\B2\b \IBot.\i having deep radiating divisions. \Bdigitately\b \Iadv.\i \Bdigitation\b \K/-"teIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idigitatus\i (as \J\Xdigit\x)\j\c
<hw>digitigrade</hw> \K/"dIdZItIgreId/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IZool.\i \Iadj.\i (of an animal) walking on its toes and not touching the ground with its heels, e.g. dogs, cats, and rodents.\p\In.\i\pa digitigrade animal \I(cf.\i \J\Xplantigrade\x).\j \BEtymology:\b \3French, from Latin \Idigitus\i + \I-gradus\i '-walking'\c
<hw>digitize</hw> \K/"dIdZItVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b \IComputing\i convert (data etc.) into digital form, esp. for processing by a computer. \Bdigitization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>dignified</hw> \K/"dIgnIfVId/\k \Iadj.\i having or expressing dignity; noble or stately in appearance or manner. \Bdignifiedly\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>dignify</hw> \K/"dIgnIfVI/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(-ies,\b \B-ied)\b\p\B1\b give dignity or distinction to.\p\B2\b ennoble; make worthy or illustrious.\p\B3\b give the form or appearance of dignity to \3(dignified the house with the name of mansion).\c \BEtymology:\b \3obsolete French \Idignifier\i via Old French \Idignefier\i from Late Latin \Idignificare,\i from \Idignus\i 'worthy'\c
<hw>dignitary</hw> \K/"dIgnIt(\F'\n)ri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b a person holding high rank or office. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xdignity\x\j + \J\X-ary\x (1),\j on the pattern of \J\Xproprietary\x\j\c
<hw>dignity</hw> \K/"dIgnIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b a composed and serious manner or style.\p\B2\b the state of being worthy of honour or respect.\p\B3\b worthiness, excellence \3(the dignity of work).\c\p\B4\b a high or honourable rank or position.\p\B5\b high regard or estimation.\p\1beneath one's dignity\c not considered worthy enough for one to do.\p\1stand on one's dignity\c insist (esp. by one's manner) on being treated with due respect. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \IdignetΘ,\i \IdignitΘ\i from Latin \Idignitas -tatis,\i from \Idignus\i 'worthy'\c
<hw>digraph</hw> \K/"dVIgrA:f/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILinguistics\i a group of two letters representing one sound, as in \Iph\i and \Iey.\i \Bdigraphic\b \K/-"grafIk/\k \Iadj.\i \IDigraph\i is sometimes confused with \Iligature\i which means 'two or more letters joined together'.
<hw>digress</hw> \K/dVI"grEs/\k \Iv.intr.\i depart from the main subject temporarily in speech or writing. \Bdigresser\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdigression\b \K/-"grES(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bdigressive\b \Iadj.\i \Bdigressively\b \Iadv.\i \Bdigressiveness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idigredi digress-\i (as \J\Xdi-\x (2),\j \Igradi\i 'walk')\c
<hw>digs</hw> \Isee\i \J\Xdig\x\p\In.\i\p5.\j
<hw>dihedral</hw> \K/dVI"hi:dr(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IMath\i \Iadj.\i having or contained by two plane faces.\p\In.\i\p= \J\Xdihedral angle\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3\Idihedron\i from \J\Xdi-\x (1)\j + \J\X-hedron\x\j\c
<hw>dihedral angle</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMath Aeron\i an angle formed by two plane surfaces, esp. by an aircraft wing with the horizontal.
<hw>dihybrid</hw> \K/dVI"hVIbrId/\k \In. & adj.\i \IGenetics Biol\i\p\In.\i\pa hybrid that is heterozygous for alleles of two different genes. \Iadj.\i relating to the inheritance of alleles of two different genes.\Knew f. COD box Jun 94\k
<hw>dihydric</hw> \K/dVI"hVIdrIk/\k \Iadj.\i \IChem.\i (of an alcohol) containing two hydroxyl groups. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xdi-\x (1)\j + \J\Xhydrogen\x\j + \J\X-ic\x\j\c
<hw>dik-dik</hw> \K/"dIkdIk/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i any dwarf antelope of the genus \IMadoqua,\i native to Africa. \BEtymology:\b \3name in E. Africa and in Afrikaans\c
<hw>dike (1)</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xdyke\x (1).\j
<hw>dike (2)</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xdyke\x (2).\j
<hw>diktat</hw> \K/"dIktat/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i a categorical statement or decree, esp. terms imposed after a war by a victor. \BEtymology:\b \3German, = \J\Xdictate\x\j\c
<hw>dilapidate</hw> \K/dI"lapIdeIt/\k \Iv.intr. & tr.\i fall or cause to fall into disrepair or ruin. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idilapidare\i 'demolish, squander' (as \J\Xdi-\x (2),\j \Ilapis lapid-\i 'stone')\c
<hw>dilapidated</hw> \K/dI"lapIdeItId/\k \Iadj.\i in a state of disrepair or ruin, esp. as a result of age or neglect.
<hw>dilapidation</hw> \K/dI%lapI"deIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the process of dilapidating. \Bb\b a state of disrepair.\p\B2\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \ILaw\i repairs required at the end of a tenancy or lease.\p\B3\b \IEccl.\i a sum charged against an incumbent for wear and tear during a tenancy. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Late Latin \Idilapidatio\i (as \J\Xdilapidate\x)\j\c
<hw>dilatation</hw> \K/dVIleI"teIS(\F'\n)n/, /dI-/, /-l\F'\n-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IAnat Med\i the widening or expansion of a hollow organ or cavity.\p\B2\b the process of dilating.
<hw>dilatation and curettage</hw> \Isee\i \J\Xd. and c.\x\j
<hw>dilate</hw> \K/dVI"leIt/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr. & intr.\i \IAnat\i make or become wider or larger (esp. of an opening in the body).\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bon,\b \Bupon)\b\i speak or write at length. \Bdilatable\b \Iadj.\i \Bdilation\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Idilater\i from Latin \Idilatare\i 'spread out' (as \J\Xdi-\x (2),\j \Ilatus\i 'wide')\c
<hw>dilator</hw> \K/dVI"leIt\F'\n/, /dI-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IAnat.\i a muscle that dilates an organ or aperture.\p\B2\b \ISurgery\i an instrument for dilating a tube or cavity in the body.
<hw>dilatory</hw> \K/"dIl\F'\nt(\F'\n)ri/\k \Iadj.\i given to or causing delay. \Bdilatorily\b \Iadv.\i \Bdilatoriness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Idilatorius\i (as \J\Xdi-\x (2),\j \Idilat-,\i past part. stem of \Idifferre\i \J\Xdefer\x (1))\j\c
<hw>dildo</hw> \K/"dIld\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os\b or \B-oes)\b \IMed Sex\i an object shaped like an erect penis and used, esp. by women, for sexual stimulation. \BEtymology:\b \316th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>dilemma</hw> \K/dI"lEm\F'\n/, /dVI-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a situation in which a choice has to be made between two equally undesirable alternatives.\p\B2\b a state of indecision between two alternatives.\p\B3\b \Idisp.\i a difficult situation; a problem.\p\B4\b \ILogic\i an argument forcing an opponent to choose either of two unfavourable alternatives. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin from Greek (as \J\Xdi-\x (1),\j \Ilemma\i 'premiss')\c The use of \Idilemma\i in sense 3 is considered incorrect by some people.
<hw>dilettante</hw> \K/dIlI"tanti/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bdilettanti\b \K/-ti/\k or \Bdilettantes)\b\p\B1\b a person who studies a subject or area of knowledge superficially.\p\B2\b a person who enjoys the arts. \Iadj.\i trifling, not thorough; amateurish. \Bdilettantish\b \Iadj.\i \Bdilettantism\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Italian from pres. part. of \Idilettare\i 'delight', from Latin \Idelectare\i\c
<hw>diligence (1)</hw> \K/"dIlIdZ(\F'\n)ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b careful and persistent application or effort.\p\B2\b (as a characteristic) industriousness. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Idiligentia\i (as \J\Xdiligent\x)\j\c
<hw>diligence (2)</hw> \K/"dIlIdZ(\F'\n)ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITransport\i \Ihist.\i a public stagecoach, esp. in France. \BEtymology:\b \3French, for \Icarrosse de diligence\i 'coach of speed'\c
<hw>diligent</hw> \K/"dIlIdZ(\F'\n)nt/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b careful and steady in application to one's work or duties.\p\B2\b showing care and effort. \Bdiligently\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Idiligens\i 'assiduous', part. of \Idiligere\i 'love, take delight in' (as \J\Xdi-\x (2),\j \Ilegere\i 'choose')\c
<hw>dill (1)</hw> \K/dIl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b an umbelliferous herb, Anethum graveolens, with yellow flowers and aromatic seeds.\p\B2\b the leaves (in full \Bdill weed)\b or seeds of this plant used for flavouring and medicinal purposes. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Idile\i\c
<hw>dill (2)</hw> \K/dIl/\k\p\In.\i\p\BAustral.\b & \BNZ\b \Islang\i\p\B1\b a fool or simpleton.\p\B2\b the victim of a trickster. \BEtymology:\b \3apparently back-formation from \J\Xdilly\x (2)\j\c
<hw>dill pickle</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IFood\i pickled cucumber etc. flavoured with dill.
<hw>dill-water</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPharm\i a distillate of dill used as a carminative.
<hw>dilly (1)</hw> \K/"dIli/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \Besp. US\b \Islang\i a remarkable or excellent person or thing. \BEtymology:\b \3\Idilly\i \I(adj.)\i from \J\Xdelightful\x\j or \J\Xdelicious\x\j\c
<hw>dilly (2)</hw> \K/"dIli/\k \Iadj.\i \BAustral.\b \Islang\i\p\B1\b odd or eccentric.\p\B2\b foolish, stupid, mad. \BEtymology:\b \3perhaps from \J\Xdaft\x,\j \J\Xsilly\x\j\c
<hw>dillybag</hw> \K/"dIlIbag/\k\p\In.\i\p\BAustral.\b a small bag or basket. \BEtymology:\b \3Yagara \Idilly\i '(a bag made of) coarse grass or reeds'\c
<hw>diluent</hw> \K/"dIljU\F'\nnt/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IChem.\i & \IBiochem.\i \Iadj.\i that serves to dilute.\p\In.\i\pa diluting agent. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idiluere diluent-\i \J\Xdilute\x\j\c
<hw>dilute</hw> \K/dVI"l(j)u:t/, /dI-/\k \Iv. & adj.\i \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b reduce the strength of (a fluid) by adding water or another solvent.\p\B2\b weaken or reduce the strength or forcefulness of, esp. by adding something. \Iadj.\i \Kalso /"dVI-/\k\p\B1\b (esp. of a fluid) diluted, weakened.\p\B2\b (of a colour) washed out; low in saturation.\p\B3\b \IChem.\i \Ba\b (of a solution) having relatively low concentration of solute. \Bb\b (of a substance) in solution \3(dilute sulphuric acid).\c \Bdiluter\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdilution\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idiluere dilut-\i (as \J\Xdi-\x (2),\j \Iluere\i 'wash')\c
<hw>diluvial</hw> \K/dVI"l(j)u:vI\F'\nl/, /dI-/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IBibl\i of a flood, esp. of the Flood in Genesis.\p\B2\b \IGeol.\i of or consisting of diluvium. \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Idiluvialis\i from \Idiluvium\i \J\Xdeluge\x\j\c
<hw>dim</hw> \K/dIm/\k \Iadj. & v.\i \Iadj.\i \B(dimmer,\b \Bdimmest)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b only faintly luminous or visible; not bright. \Bb\b obscure; ill-defined.\p\B2\b not clearly perceived or remembered.\p\B3\b \Icolloq.\i stupid; slow to understand.\p\B4\b (of the eyes) not seeing clearly.\p\Iv.\i\p\B(dimmed,\b \Bdimming)\b\p\B1\b \Itr. & intr.\i make or become dim or less bright.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \BUS\b dip (headlights).\p\1take a dim view of\c \Icolloq.\i\p\B1\b disapprove of.\p\B2\b feel gloomy about. \Bdimly\b \Iadv.\i \Bdimmish\b \Iadj.\i \Bdimness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Idim,\i \Idimm,\i of unknown origin\c
<hw>dim.</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IMus\i diminuendo.
<hw>dime</hw> \K/dVIm/\k\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b\p\B1\b a ten-cent coin.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i a small amount of money.\p\1a dime a dozen\c very cheap or commonplace.\p\1on a dime\c \BN. Amer.\b \Icolloq.\i\p\B1\b within a small area or short distance.\p\B2\b quickly, instantly.\Kturn omitted from turn on a dime because of varied use Oct 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English (originally = tithe) via Old French \Idisme\i from Latin \Idecima pars\i 'tenth part'\c
<hw>dime novel</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b \ILiterature\i a cheap popular novel.
<hw>dimension</hw> \K/dI"mEnS(\F'\n)n/, /dVI-/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a measurable extent of any kind, as length, breadth, depth.\p\B2\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i size, scope, extent.\p\B3\b an aspect or facet of a situation, problem, etc.\p\B4\b \IAlgebra\i one of a number of unknown or variable quantities contained as factors in a product \3(x3, x2y, xyz, are all of three dimensions).\c\p\B5\b \IPhysics\i the product of mass, length, time, etc., raised to the appropriate power, in a derived physical quantity. \Iv.tr.\i (usu. as \Bdimensioned\b \Iadj.)\i mark the dimensions on (a diagram etc.). \Bdimensional\b \Iadj.\i \I(also in \Bcomb.).\b\i \Bdimensionless\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Idimensio -onis\i (as \J\Xdi-\x (2),\j \Imetiri mensus\i 'measure')\c
<hw>dimer</hw> \K/"dVIm\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i a compound consisting of two identical molecules linked together \I(cf.\i \J\Xmonomer\x).\j \Bdimeric\b \K/-"mErIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xdi-\x (1)\j + \I-mer\i on the pattern of \J\Xpolymer\x\j\c
<hw>dimerize</hw> \K/"dVIm\F'\nrVIz/\k \Iv.tr. & intr.\i (also \B-ise)\b \IChem.\i convert or be converted to a dimer. \Bdimerization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Knew f. NOSED, Coll. Jan 94\k
<hw>dimerous</hw> \K/"dIm(\F'\n)r\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i \IBot\i (of a plant) having two parts in a whorl etc. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \Idimerus\i from Greek \Idimeres\i 'bipartite'\c
<hw>dimeter</hw> \K/"dImIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IProsody\i a line of verse consisting of two metrical feet. \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Idimetrus\i from Greek \Idimetros\i (as \J\Xdi-\x (1),\j \Imetron\i 'measure')\c
<hw>dimethylsulphoxide</hw> \K/dVI%mi:TVIlsVl"fQksVId/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Bdimethylsulfoxide)\b \IChem.\i \IMed\i a colourless liquid used as a solvent and in medicine esp. to treat inflammation (abbr.: \BDMSO).\b Chem. formula: (CH3)2SO.\Kabbr\k\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Jan 94\k
<hw>dimetrodon</hw> \K/dVI"mi:tr\F'\ndQn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool Palaeontol\i a large carnivorous quadrupedal reptile of the genus \IDimetrodon,\i of the Permian period, with long spines on its back forming a sail-like crest.\Knew f. OERD May 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from \J\Xdi-\x (1)\j + Greek \Imetron\i 'measure' + \Iodous odont-\i 'tooth' (taken in sense 'two long teeth')\c
<hw>diminish</hw> \K/dI"mInIS/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr. & intr.\i make or become smaller or less.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i lessen the reputation or influence of (a person). \Bdiminishable\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, blending of earlier \Iminish\i from Old French \Imenusier\i ultimately from Latin, and \Idiminue\i from Old French \Idiminuer\i \J\Xminutia\x,\j from Latin \Idiminuere diminut-\i 'break up small'\c
<hw>diminished</hw> \K/dI"mInISt/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b reduced; made smaller or less.\p\B2\b \IMus.\i (of an interval, usu. a seventh or fifth) less by a semitone than the corresponding minor or perfect interval.
<hw>diminished responsibility</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ILaw\i the limitation of criminal responsibility on the ground of mental weakness or abnormality.
<hw>diminuendo</hw> \K/dI%mInjU"End\F'\nU/\k \In., adv., adj., & v.\i \IMus.\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os\b or \Bdiminuendi\b \K/-di/\k)\p\B1\b a gradual decrease in loudness.\p\B2\b a passage to be performed with such a decrease. \Iadv. & adj.\i with a gradual decrease in loudness. \Iv.intr.\i \B(-oes,\b \B-oed)\b decrease gradually in loudness or intensity.\Kverb and adj. new f. SOED Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Italian, part. of \Idiminuire\i \J\Xdiminish\x\j\c
<hw>diminution</hw> \K/dImI"nju:S(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the act or an instance of diminishing. \Bb\b the amount by which something diminishes.\p\B2\b \IMus.\i the repetition of a passage in notes shorter than those originally used. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Idiminutio\i -\Ionis\i (as \J\Xdiminish\x)\j\c
<hw>diminutive</hw> \K/dI"mInjUtIv/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b remarkably small; tiny.\p\B2\b \IGram.\i (of a word or suffix) implying smallness, either actual or imputed in token of affection, scorn, etc. (e.g. \I-let,\i \I-kins).\i\p\In.\i\p\IGram.\i a diminutive word or suffix. \Bdiminutival\b \K/-"tVIv(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Bdiminutively\b \Iadv.\i \Bdiminutiveness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Idiminutif,\i \I-ive\i from Late Latin \Idiminutivus\i (as \J\Xdiminish\x)\j\c
<hw>dimissory</hw> \K/"dImIs(\F'\n)ri/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b ordering or permitting to depart.\p\B2\b \IEccl.\i granting permission for a candidate to be ordained outside the bishop's own see \3(dimissory letters).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Late Latin \Idimissorius,\i from \Idimittere dimiss\i- 'send away' (as \J\Xdi-\x (2),\j \Imittere\i 'send')\c
<hw>dimity</hw> \K/"dImIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \ITextiles\i a cotton fabric woven with stripes or checks. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Italian \Idimito\i or medieval Latin \Idimitum\i from Greek \Idimitos\i (as \J\Xdi-\x (1),\j \Imitos\i 'warp-thread')\c
<hw>dimmer</hw> \K/"dIm\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IElectr\i\p\B1\b (in full \Bdimmer switch)\b a device for varying the brightness of an electric light.\p\B2\b \BUS\b \Ba\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i small parking lights on a motor vehicle. \Bb\b a headlight on low beam.
<hw>dimorphic</hw> \K/dVI"mO:fIk/\k \Iadj.\i (also \Bdimorphous\b \K/dVI"mO:f\F'\ns/\k) \IBiol.,\i \IChem.,\i & \IMineral.\i exhibiting, or occurring in, two distinct forms. \Bdimorphism\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Idimorphos\i (as \J\Xdi-\x (1),\j \Imorphe\i 'form')\c
<hw>dimple</hw> \K/"dImp(\F'\n)l/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\pa small hollow or dent in the flesh, esp. in the cheeks or chin.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i produce or show dimples.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i produce dimples in (a cheek etc.). \Bdimply\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English probably from Old English, from a Germanic root \Idump-,\i perhaps a nasalized form related to \J\Xdeep\x\j\c
<hw>dim sum</hw> \K/dIm "sVm/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bdim sim\b \K/"sIm/\k) \ICookery\i a Chinese dish of small steamed or fried savoury dumplings containing various fillings, served as a snack or course. \BEtymology:\b \3Cantonese \Itφm sam,\i from \Itφm\i 'dot' + \Isam\i 'heart'\c
<hw>dimwit</hw> \K/"dImwIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\Icolloq.\i a stupid person. \Bdim-witted\b \Iadj.\i\Kdim-witted subsumed as POD8 Aug 92 aaw\k
<hw>DIN</hw> \K/dIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IElectr Photog Printing\i any of a series of technical standards originating in Germany and used internationally, esp. to designate electrical connections, film speeds, and paper sizes. \BEtymology:\b \3German, from \ID\ieutsche \II\industrie-\IN\iorm\c
<hw>din</hw> \K/dIn/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\pa prolonged loud and distracting noise.\p\Iv.\i\p\B(dinned,\b \Bdinning)\b\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \I(foll. by \Binto)\b\i instil (something to be learnt) by constant repetition.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i make a din. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Idyne,\i \Idynn,\i \Idynian,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>dinar</hw> \K/"di:nA:/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICurrency\i\p\B1\b the chief monetary unit of the states of the former Yugoslavia.\p\B2\b the chief monetary unit of certain countries of the Middle East and N. Africa. \BEtymology:\b \3Arabic & Persian \Idinar\i via Greek \Idenarion\i from Latin \Idenarius:\i see \J\Xdenier\x\j\c
<hw>din-din</hw> \K/"dIndIn/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bdin-dins)\b \Icolloq.\i a jocular or child's word for dinner.\Knew f. SOED Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3reduplication of first syllable of \J\Xdinner\x\j\c
<hw>dine</hw> \K/dVIn/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \Ba\b eat dinner. \Bb\b \I(foll. by \Bon,\b \Bupon)\b\i eat for dinner.\K1b new f. POD8 Sep 93\k\p\B2\b \Itr.\i give dinner to.\p\Bdine out\b\p\B1\b dine away from home.\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bon)\b\i be entertained to dinner etc. on account of (one's ability to relate an interesting event, story, etc.). \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Idiner,\i \Idisner,\i ultimately from \J\Xdis-\x\j + Late Latin \Ijejunare\i from \Ijejunus\i 'fasting'\c
<hw>diner</hw> \K/"dVIn\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person who dines, esp. in a restaurant.\p\B2\b \IRailways\i a railway dining car.\p\B3\b \BN. Amer.\b a small restaurant, esp. one resembling a dining car.\p\B4\b a small dining room.
<hw>dinero</hw> \K/dI"nE:r\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\BUS\b \Islang\i money, cash.\Knew f. News Sep 93\k
<hw>dinette</hw> \K/dVI"nEt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a small room or part of a room used for eating meals.\p\B2\b \BN. Amer.\b \IFurniture\i a set of table and chairs for this.\Ksense 2 new f. F. Abate, Inc., Nov 94\k
<hw>ding (1)</hw> \K/dIN/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.intr.\i make a ringing sound.\p\In.\i\pa ringing sound, as of a bell. \BEtymology:\b \3imitative: influenced by \J\Xdin\x\j\c
<hw>ding (2)</hw> \K/dIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\BAustral.\b \Islang\i a party or celebration, esp. a wild one. \BEtymology:\b \3perhaps from \J\Xding-dong\x\j or \J\Xwingding\x\j\c
<hw>ding-a-ling</hw> \K/"dIN\F'\nlIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the sound of a bell.\p\B2\b \BN. Amer.\b an eccentric or stupid person.\Knew f. SOED, corpus, incomings Jan 95\k
\B\IDing an sich\b\i \K/%dIN an "zIx/, German /"zIC/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhilos.\i a thing in itself. \BEtymology:\b \3German\c
<hw>dingbat</hw> \K/"dINbat/\k\p\In.\i\p\Islang\i\p\B1\b \BN. Amer.\b & \BAustral.\b a stupid or eccentric person.\p\B2\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \BAustral.\b & \BNZ\b \Ba\b madness. \Bb\b discomfort, unease \3(gives me the dingbats).\c \BEtymology:\b \319th c., in early use applied to various vaguely specified objects: perhaps from \Iding\i 'to beat' + \J\Xbat\x (1),\j influenced by \J\Xbat\x (2),\j \J\Xbatty\x\j\c
<hw>ding-dong</hw> \K/"dINdQN/, /dIN"dQN/\k \In., adj., & adv.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the sound of alternate chimes, as of two bells.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i an intense argument or fight.\p\B3\b \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i a riotous party. \Iadj.\i (of a contest etc.) evenly matched and intensely waged; thoroughgoing. \Iadv.\i \BBrit.\b with vigour and energy \3(hammer away at it ding-dong).\c \BEtymology:\b \316th c.: imitative\c
<hw>dinge</hw> \K/dIn(d)Z/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\pa dent or hollow caused by a blow. \Iv.tr.\i make such a dent in. \BEtymology:\b \317th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>dinghy</hw> \K/"dINgi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \INaut\i\p\B1\b a small boat carried by a ship.\p\B2\b a small pleasure boat.\p\B3\b a small inflatable rubber boat (esp. for emergency use). \BEtymology:\b \3originally a rowing boat used on Indian rivers, from Hindi \Idingi,\i \Idengi\i\c
<hw>dingle</hw> \K/"dINg(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeog\i a deep wooded valley or dell. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English: origin unknown\c
<hw>dingo</hw> \K/"dINg\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-oes\b or \B-os)\b\p\B1\b \IZool\i a wild or half-domesticated Australian dog, Canis dingo.\p\B2\b \BAustral.\b \Islang\i a coward or scoundrel. \BEtymology:\b \3Dharuk \Idin-gu\i or \Idayn-gu\i 'domesticated dingo'\c
<hw>dingy</hw> \K/"dIn(d)Zi/\k \Iadj.\i \B(dingier,\b \Bdingiest)\b dirty-looking, drab, dull-coloured. \Bdingily\b \Iadv.\i \Bdinginess\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3perhaps ultimately from Old English \Idynge\i \J\Xdung\x\j\c
<hw>dining car</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IRailways\i a railway carriage equipped as a restaurant.
<hw>dining hall</hw>\p\In.\i\pa hall in which meals are eaten.\Knew f. corpus Sep 93\k
<hw>dining room</hw>\p\In.\i\pa room in which meals are eaten.
<hw>dining table</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IFurniture\i a table on which meals are served in a dining room.\Knew f. SOED, corpus Sep 93\k
<hw>dink</hw> \K/dINk/\k\p\In.\i\p= \J\Xdinky\x (2).\j\Knew f. News Sep 93\k
<hw>dinkum</hw> \K/"dINk\F'\nm/\k \Iadj.\i \BAustral.\b & \BNZ\b \Icolloq.\i genuine, right.\p\1fair dinkum\c\p\B1\b fair play.\p\B2\b genuine(ly), honest(ly), true, truly.\Kidm new f. POD8 Sep 93: noun omitted oct 93\k \BEtymology:\b \319th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>dinkum oil</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BAustral.\b & \BNZ\b \Icolloq.\i the honest truth.
<hw>dinky (1)</hw> \K/"dINki/\k \Iadj.\i \B(dinkier,\b \Bdinkiest)\b \Icolloq.\i\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b (esp. of a thing) neat and attractive; small, dainty.\p\B2\b \BN. Amer.\b trifling, insignificant. \BEtymology:\b \3Scots \Idink\i 'neat, trim', of unknown origin\c
<hw>dinky (2)</hw> \K/"dINki/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \ISociol\i \Icolloq.\i\p\B1\b a well-off young working couple with no children.\p\B2\b either partner of this. \BEtymology:\b \3contraction of \Id\iouble \Ii\income \In\io \Ik\iids + \J\X-y\x (2)\j\c
<hw>dinner</hw> \K/"dIn\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFood\i\p\B1\b the main meal of the day, taken either at midday or in the evening.\p\B2\b a formal evening meal, often in honour of a person or event. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Idiner,\i \Idisner:\i see \J\Xdine\x\j\c
<hw>dinner dance</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IDancing\i a formal dinner followed by dancing.
<hw>dinner jacket</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IClothing\i a man's short usu. black formal jacket for evening wear.
<hw>dinner lady</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IEducation\i a woman who supervises children's lunch in a school.
<hw>dinner party</hw>\p\In.\i\pa party to which guests are invited to eat dinner together.\Knew f. OED, corpus Oct 93\k
<hw>dinner service</hw>\p\In.\i\pa set of usu. matching crockery for serving a meal.
<hw>dinner time</hw>\p\In.\i\pthe time at which dinner is customarily eaten.\Knew f. SOED, corpus Oct 93\k
<hw>dinoflagellate</hw> \K/dVIn\F'\n(U)"fladZ\F'\nleIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a unicellular aquatic organism with two flagella, of a group variously classed as algae and protozoa.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Jan 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \IDinoflagellata,\i from Greek \Idinos\i 'whirling' + Latin \J\Xflagellum\x\j\c
<hw>dinosaur</hw> \K/"dVIn\F'\nsO:/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool\i an extinct reptile of the Mesozoic era, often of enormous size.\p\B2\b a large unwieldy system or organization, esp. one not adapting to new conditions. \Bdinosaurian\b \K/-"sO:rI\F'\nn/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \Idinosaurus,\i from Greek \Ideinos\i 'terrible' + \Isauros\i 'lizard'\c
<hw>dint</hw> \K/dInt/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a dent.\p\B2\b \Iarchaic\i a blow or stroke. \Iv.tr.\i mark with dints.\p\1by dint of\c by force or means of. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old English \Idynt,\i and partly from cognate Old Norse \Idyntr:\i ultimate origin unknown\c
<hw>diocesan</hw> \K/dVI"QsIs(\F'\n)n/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IEccl\i \Iadj.\i of or concerning a diocese.\p\In.\i\pthe bishop of a diocese. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via French \IdiocΘsain\i from Late Latin \Idiocesanus\i (as \J\Xdiocese\x)\j\c
<hw>diocese</hw> \K/"dVI\F'\nsIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IEccl\i a district under the pastoral care of a bishop. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Idiocise,\i Late Latin \Idiocesis,\i and Latin \Idioecesis\i from Greek \Idioikesis\i 'administration' (as \J\Xdi-\x (3),\j \Ioikeo\i 'inhabit')\c
<hw>diode</hw> \K/"dVI\F'\nUd/\k\p\In.\i\p\IElectronics\i\p\B1\b a semiconductor allowing the flow of current in one direction only and having two terminals.\p\B2\b a thermionic valve having two electrodes. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xdi-\x (1)\j + \J\Xelectrode\x\j\c
<hw>dioecious</hw> \K/dVI"i:S\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i \IAnat\i\p\B1\b \IBot.\i having male and female organs on separate plants.\p\B2\b \IZool.\i having the two sexes in separate individuals (cf. \J\Xmonoecious\x).\j \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xdi-\x (1)\j + Greek \I-oikos\i '-housed'\c
<hw>dioestrus</hw> \K/dVI"i:str\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Bdiestrus)\b \IZool.\i an interval between periods of oestrus.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Jan 94\k
<hw>diol</hw> \K/"dVIQl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i any alcohol containing two hydroxyl groups in each molecule. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xdi-\x (1)\j + \J\X-ol\x (1)\j\c
<hw>Dionysiac</hw> \K/dVI\F'\n"nIzIak/\k \Iadj.\i (also \BDionysian\b \K/-zI\F'\nn/\k)\p\B1\b wildly sensual; unrestrained.\p\B2\b \IMythol\i (in Greek mythology) of or relating to Dionysus, the Greek god of wine, or his worship. \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \IDionysiacus\i via Latin \IDionysus\i from Greek \IDionusos\i\c
<hw>Diophantine equation</hw> \K/dVI\F'\n(U)"fantIn/, /-tVIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMath.\i an equation with integral coefficients for which integral solutions are required. \BEtymology:\b \3named after \IDiophantus\i of Alexandria, mathematician \Ic\i 3rd century\c
<hw>dioptre</hw> \K/dVI"Qpt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Bdiopter)\b \IOptics\i \IPhysics\i a unit of refractive power of a lens, equal to the reciprocal of its focal length in metres. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Idioptre\i via Latin \Idioptra\i from Greek: see \J\Xdioptric\x\j\c
<hw>dioptric</hw> \K/dVI"QptrIk/\k \Iadj.\i \IOptics\i \IPhysics\i\p\B1\b serving as a medium for sight; assisting sight by refraction \3(dioptric glass;\c \2dioptric lens).\c\p\B2\b of refraction; refractive. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Idioptrikos\i from \Idioptra,\i a kind of theodolite\c
<hw>dioptrics</hw> \K/dVI"QptrIks/\k \In.pl.\i \I(treated as \Bsing.)\b\i \IOptics\i \IPhysics\i the part of optics that deals with refraction.
<hw>diorama</hw> \K/dVI\F'\n"rA:m\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IArt Painting\i\p\B1\b a scenic painting in which changes in colour and direction of illumination simulate a sunrise etc.\p\B2\b a small representation of a scene with three-dimensional figures, viewed through a window etc.\p\B3\b \ICinematog. etc.\i a small-scale model or film set. \Bdioramic\b \K/-"ramIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xdi-\x (3)\j + Greek \Ihorama -atos\i from \Ihorao\i 'see'\c
<hw>diorite</hw> \K/"dVI\F'\nrVIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeol.\i \IMineral\i a coarse-grained plutonic igneous rock containing quartz. \Bdioritic\b \K/-"rItIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French, from Greek \Idiorizo\i 'distinguish'\c
<hw>dioxan</hw> \K/dVI"Qksan/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bdioxane\b \K/-eIn/\k) \IChem.\i a colourless toxic liquid used as a solvent. Chem. formula: C4H8O2.\Kformula\k
<hw>dioxide</hw> \K/dVI"QksVId/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i an oxide containing two atoms of oxygen which are not linked together \3(carbon dioxide).\c
<hw>dioxin</hw> \K/dVI"QksIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i any of a class of cyclic compounds produced as chemical by-products, esp. the highly toxic tetrachlorodibenzoparadioxin (TCDD).\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Jan 94\k
<hw>DIP</hw> \K/dIp/\k\p\In.\i\p\IComputing\i \IElectronics\i a form of integrated circuit consisting of a small plastic or ceramic slab with two parallel rows of pins. \BEtymology:\b \3acronym from \Id\iual \Ii\in-line \Ip\iackage\c
<hw>dip</hw> \K/dIp/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B(dipped,\b \Bdipping)\b\p\B1\b \Itr.\i put or let down briefly into liquid etc.; immerse.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \Ba\b go below a surface or level \3(the sun dipped below the horizon).\c \Bb\b (of a level of income, activity, etc.) decline slightly, esp. briefly \3(profits dipped in May).\c\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i extend downwards; take or have a downward slope \3(the road dips after the bend).\c\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i go under water and emerge quickly.\p\B5\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Binto)\b\i \Ba\b read briefly from (a book etc.). \Bb\b take a cursory interest in (a subject).\p\B6\b \I(foll. by \Binto)\b\i \Ba\b \Iintr.\i put a hand, ladle, etc., into a container to take something out. \Bb\b \Itr.\i put (a hand etc.) into a container to do this. \Bc\b \Iintr.\i spend from or make use of one's resources \3(dipped into our savings).\c\p\B7\b \Itr. & intr.\i lower or be lowered, esp. in salute.\p\B8\b \Itr.\i \BBrit.\b lower the beam of (a vehicle's headlights) to reduce dazzle.\p\B9\b \Itr.\i \ITextiles\i colour (a fabric) by immersing it in dye.\p\B10\b \Itr.\i \IAgriculture\i wash (sheep) by immersion in a vermin-killing liquid.\p\B11\b \Itr.\i make (a candle) by immersing a wick briefly in hot tallow.\p\B12\b \Itr.\i \IEccl\i baptize by immersion.\p\B13\b \Itr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bup,\b \Bout of)\b\i remove or scoop up (liquid, grain, etc., or something from liquid).\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an act of dipping or being dipped.\p\B2\b a liquid into which something is dipped.\p\B3\b a brief bathe in the sea, river, etc.\p\B4\b a brief downward slope, followed by an upward one, in a road etc.\p\B5\b \ICookery\i a sauce or dressing into which food is dipped before eating.\p\B6\b a depression in the skyline.\p\B7\b \IAstron.\i & \ISurveying\i the apparent depression of the horizon from the line of observation, due to the curvature of the earth.\p\B8\b \IPhysics\i the angle made with the horizontal at any point by the earth's magnetic field.\p\B9\b \IGeol.\i the angle a stratum makes with the horizon.\p\B10\b \ICriminol\i \Islang\i a pickpocket.\p\B11\b \BUS\b \Islang\i a foolish or bumbling person.\Ksense 11 new f. F. Abate, Inc., Nov 94\k\p\B12\b a quantity dipped up.\p\B13\b a candle made by dipping.\p\Bdip out\b \BAustral.\b \Islang\i fail; miss an opportunity.\Knew f. SOED, ACOD Sep 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Idyppan\i from Germanic: related to \J\Xdeep\x\j\c
<hw>Dip. A.D.</hw> \Iabbr.\i \BBrit.\b \IArt Education\i Diploma in Art and Design.
<hw>Dip. Ed.</hw> \K/dIp"Ed/\k \Iabbr.\i \BBrit.\b \IEducation\i Diploma in Education.
<hw>dipeptide</hw> \K/dVI"pEptVId/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiochem.\i a peptide formed by the combination of two amino acids.
<hw>Dip. H.E.</hw> \Iabbr.\i \BBrit.\b \IEducation\i Diploma of Higher Education.
<hw>diphosphate</hw> \K/dVI"fQsfeIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i a compound with two phosphate groups in the molecule, or a salt with two phosphate anions per cation.\Knew f. JHM (used at ATP) May 94\k
<hw>diphtheria</hw> \K/dIf"TI\F'\nrI\F'\n/, \Idisp.\i /dIp-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i an acute infectious bacterial disease with inflammation of a mucous membrane esp. of the throat, resulting in the formation of a false membrane causing difficulty in breathing and swallowing. \Bdiphtherial\b \Iadj.\i \Bdiphtheric\b \K/-"TErIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Bdiphtheritic\b \K/-T\F'\n"rItIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Bdiphtheroid\b \K/"dIfT\F'\nrOId/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin via French \IdiphthΘrie,\i earlier \IdiphthΘrite\i from Greek \Idiphthera\i 'skin, hide'\c The second pronunciation given is considered incorrect by some people.
<hw>diphthong</hw> \K/"dIfTQN/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILinguistics\i\p\B1\b a speech sound in one syllable in which the articulation begins as for one vowel and moves towards another (as in \Icoin,\i \Iloud,\i and \Iside).\i\p\B2\b \Ba\b a digraph representing the sound of a diphthong or single vowel (as in \Ifeat).\i \Bb\b a compound vowel character; a ligature (as \Iµ).\i \Bdiphthongal\b \K/-"TQNg(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Idiphtongue\i via Late Latin \Idiphthongus\i from Greek \Idiphthoggos\i (as \J\Xdi-\x (1),\j \Iphthoggos\i 'voice')\c
<hw>diphthongize</hw> \K/"dIfTQNVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b \ILinguistics\i pronounce as a diphthong. \Bdiphthongization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>diplococcus</hw> \K/dIpl\F'\n(U)"kQk\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bdiplococci\b \K/-k(s)VI/, /-k(s)i:/\k) \IBiol.\i any coccus that occurs mainly in pairs.
<hw>diplodocus</hw> \K/dI"plQd\F'\nk\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a huge plant-eating dinosaur of the genus \IDiplodocus,\i of the Jurassic period, with a long neck and long slender tail. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xdiplo-\x\j + Greek \Idokos\i 'wooden beam'\c
<hw>diploid</hw> \K/"dIplOId/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IBiol.\i \Iadj.\i (of an organism or cell) having two complete sets of chromosomes per cell.\p\In.\i\pa diploid cell or organism. \BEtymology:\b \3German (as \J\Xdiplo-\x,\j \J\X-oid\x)\j\c
<hw>diploidy</hw> \K/"dIplOIdi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiol.\i the condition of being diploid.
<hw>diploma</hw> \K/dI"pl\F'\nUm\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IEducation\i a certificate of qualification awarded by a college etc.\p\B2\b a document conferring an honour or privilege.\p\B3\b a state paper; an official document; a charter. \Bdiplomaed\b \K/-m\F'\nd/\k \Iadj.\i (also \Bdiploma'd).\b \BEtymology:\b \3Latin from Greek \Idiploma -atos\i 'folded paper', via \Idiploo\i 'to fold' from \Idiplous\i 'double'\c
<hw>diplomacy</hw> \K/dI"pl\F'\nUm\F'\nsi/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPolit Diplomacy\i \Ba\b the management of international relations. \Bb\b expertise in this.\p\B2\b adroitness in personal relations; tact. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Idiplomatie,\i from \Idiplomatique\i \J\Xdiplomatic\x,\j on the pattern of \Iaristocratie\i 'aristocracy'\c
<hw>diplomat</hw> \K/"dIpl\F'\nmat/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IDiplomacy\i an official representing a country abroad; a member of a diplomatic service.\p\B2\b a tactful person. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Idiplomate,\i back-formation from \Idiplomatique:\i see \J\Xdiplomatic\x\j\c
<hw>diplomate</hw> \K/"dIpl\F'\nmeIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\Besp. US\b \IMed\i a person who holds a diploma, esp. in medicine.
<hw>diplomatic</hw> \K/dIpl\F'\n"matIk/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IPolit Diplomacy\i \Ba\b of or involved in diplomacy. \Bb\b skilled in diplomacy.\p\B2\b tactful; adroit in personal relations.\p\B3\b \IPrinting\i (of an edition etc.) exactly reproducing the original. \Bdiplomatically\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \Idiplomaticus\i and French \Idiplomatique\i from Latin \J\Xdiploma\x\j\c
<hw>diplomatic bag</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IPolit Diplomacy\i a container in which official mail etc. is dispatched to or from an embassy, not usu. subject to customs inspection.
<hw>diplomatic corps</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPolit Diplomacy\i the body of diplomats representing other countries at a seat of government.
<hw>diplomatic immunity</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPolit Diplomacy\i the exemption of diplomatic staff abroad from arrest, taxation, etc.
<hw>diplomatic pouch</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BUS\b = \J\Xdiplomatic bag\x.\j\Knew f. kpb, incomings Jan 95\k
<hw>diplomatic service</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IPolit Diplomacy\i the branch of public service concerned with the representation of a country abroad.
<hw>diplont</hw> \K/"dIplQnt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiol.\i an animal or plant which has a diploid number of chromosomes in its cells (other than gametes). \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xdiplo-\x\j + Greek \Iont-,\i stem of \Ion\i 'being'\c
<hw>diplopia</hw> \K/dI"pl\F'\nUpI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed.\i double vision.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Jan 94\k
<hw>diplotene</hw> \K/"dIpl\F'\n(U)ti:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiol.\i a stage during the prophase of meiosis where paired chromosomes begin to separate. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xdiplo-\x\j + Greek \Itainia\i 'band'\c
<hw>dipolar</hw> \K/dVI"p\F'\nUl\F'\n/\k \Iadj.\i \IPhysics\i having two poles, as in a magnet.
<hw>dipole</hw> \K/"dVIp\F'\nUl/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPhysics\i two equal and oppositely charged or magnetized poles separated by a distance.\p\B2\b \IChem.\i a molecule in which a concentration of positive charges is separated from a concentration of negative charges.\p\B3\b \IElectronics Radio\i an aerial consisting of a horizontal metal rod with a connecting wire at its centre.
<hw>dipole moment</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i the product of the separation of the charges etc. of a dipole and their magnitudes.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Jan 94\k
<hw>dipper</hw> \K/"dIp\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool\i a diving bird, Cinclus cinclus; \Ialso called\i \Iwater ouzel.\i\p\B2\b a ladle.\p\B3\b \BBrit.\b \IRelig\i \Icolloq.\i an Anabaptist or Baptist.
<hw>dipshit</hw> \K/"dIpSIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\Besp. N. Amer.\b \Islang\i a contemptible or inept person.\Knew f. OERD, incomings Sep 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3perhaps from \J\Xdippy\x\j + \J\Xshit\x\j\c
<hw>dipso</hw> \K/"dIps\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b \IMed\i \Icolloq.\i a dipsomaniac. \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation\c
<hw>dipsomania</hw> \K/dIps\F'\n(U)"meInI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i an abnormal craving for alcohol. \Bdipsomaniac\b \K/-"meInIak/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Idipso-\i from \Idipsa\i 'thirst' + \J\X-mania\x\j\c
<hw>dipstick</hw> \K/"dIpstIk/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMech\i\p\B1\b a graduated rod for measuring the depth of a liquid, esp. in a vehicle's engine.\p\B2\b \Islang\i a foolish or inept person; an idiot.\Ksense 2 new f. incomings, corpus Jun 94\k
<hw>DIP switch</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IComputing Printing\i an arrangement of switches on an electronic device for selecting an operating mode (cf. \J\XDIP\x).\j
<hw>dip switch</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ITransport\i a switch for dipping a vehicle's headlight beams.
<hw>dipteral</hw> \K/"dIpt(\F'\n)r(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \IArchit.\i having a double peristyle. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idipteros\i from Greek (as \J\Xdi-\x (1),\j \Ipteron\i 'wing')\c
<hw>dipteran</hw> \K/"dIpt(\F'\n)r(\F'\n)n/\k \In. & adj.\i \IZool\i\p\In.\i\pa dipterous insect. \Iadj.\i = \J\Xdipterous\x 1.\j \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \Idiptera\i from Greek \Idiptera,\i neut. pl. of \Idipterous\i 'two-winged' (as \J\Xdi-\x (1),\j \Ipteron\i 'wing')\c
<hw>dipterous</hw> \K/"dIpt(\F'\n)r\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IZool\i of or relating to the insect order Diptera, whose members (the 'true' flies) have two membranous wings, the hindwings being reduced to halteres or balancing organs, e.g. houseflies, mosquitoes, etc.\p\B2\b \IBot.\i having two winglike appendages. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \Idipterus\i from Greek \Idipteros:\i see \J\Xdipteran\x\j\c
<hw>diptych</hw> \K/"dIptIk/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a painting, esp. an altarpiece, on two hinged usu. wooden panels which may be closed like a book.\p\B2\b an ancient writing-tablet consisting of two hinged leaves with waxed inner sides. \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Idiptycha\i from Greek \Idiptukha\i (as \J\Xdi-\x (1),\j \Iptukhe\i 'fold')\c
<hw>dire</hw> \K/"dVI\F'\n/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b calamitous, dreadful \3(in dire straits).\c \Bb\b ominous \3(dire warnings).\c \Bc\b \I\B(predic.)\b\i \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i very bad.\K1c new f. POD8 Sep 93\k\p\B2\b urgent \3(in dire need).\c \Bdirely\b \Iadv.\i \Bdireness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idirus\i\c
<hw>direct</hw> \K/dI"rEkt/, /dVI-/\k \Iadj., adv., & v.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b extending or moving in a straight line or by the shortest route; not crooked or circuitous.\p\B2\b \Ba\b straightforward; going straight to the point. \Bb\b frank; not ambiguous.\p\B3\b without intermediaries or the intervention of other factors \3(direct rule;\c \2the direct result;\c \2made a direct approach).\c\p\B4\b \IGenealogy\i (of descent) lineal, not collateral.\p\B5\b exact, complete, greatest possible (esp. where contrast is implied) \3(the direct opposite).\c\Kmus. sense omitted as obs. Jan 95\k\p\B6\b \IAstron.\i (of planetary etc. motion) proceeding from west to east; not retrograde. \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b without an intermediary or intervening factor \3(dealt with them direct).\c\p\B2\b by a direct route \3(send it direct to London).\c\Ksense 2 of adv. omitted Sep 94\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b control, guide; govern the movements of.\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bto\b + infin., or \Bthat\b + clause)\i give a formal order or command to.\p\B3\b \I(foll. by \Bto)\b\i \Ba\b address or give indications for the delivery of (a letter etc.). \Bb\b tell or show (a person) the way to a destination.\p\B4\b \I(foll. by \Bat,\b \Bto,\b \Btowards)\b\i \Ba\b point, aim, or cause (a blow or missile) to move in a certain direction. \Bb\b point or address (one's attention, a remark, etc.).\p\B5\b guide as an adviser, as a principle, etc. \3(I do as duty directs me).\c\p\B6\b \ITheatr Cinematog\i \Ba\b \I(also \Babsol.)\b\i supervise the performing, staging, etc., of (a film, play, etc.). \Bb\b supervise the performance of (an actor etc.).\p\B7\b \I(also \Babsol.)\b\i \IMus\i guide the performance of (a group of musicians), esp. as a participant. \Bdirectness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Idirectus,\i past part. of \Idirigere direct-\i (as \J\Xdi-\x (2),\j \Iregere\i 'put straight')\c
<hw>direct access</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IComputing\i the facility of retrieving data immediately from any part of a computer file.
<hw>direct action</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i action such as a strike or sabotage directly affecting the public and meant to reinforce demands on a government, employer, etc.
<hw>direct address</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IComputing\i an address (see \J\Xaddress\x\p\In.\i\p1c)\j which specifies the location of data to be used in an operation.
<hw>direct current</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IElectr\i an electric current flowing in one direction only (abbr.: \BDC,\b \Bdc).\b\Kabbr\k
<hw>direct debit</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ICommerce\i an arrangement for the prompt and regular debiting of a bank account at the request of the payee.
<hw>direct dialling</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ITelephony\i the facility of dialling a telephone number without making use of the operator. \Bdirect dial\b \Iattrib.adj.\i\Knew f. SOED, corpus Sep 93\k
<hw>direct-grant school</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IEducation\i \Ihist.\i (in the UK) a school receiving funds from the Government and not from a local authority.
<hw>direction</hw> \K/dI"rEkS(\F'\n)n/, /dVI-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or process of directing; supervision.\p\B2\b \I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i an order or instruction, esp. each of a set guiding use of equipment etc.\p\B3\b \Ba\b the course or line along which a person or thing moves or looks, or which must be taken to reach a destination. \Bb\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i guidance on how to reach a destination. \Bc\b the point to or from which a person or thing moves or looks.\p\B4\b the tendency or scope of a theme, subject, or inquiry. \Bdirectionless\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from French \Idirection\i or Latin \Idirectio\i (as \J\Xdirect\x)\j\c
<hw>directional</hw> \K/dI"rEkS(\F'\n)n(\F'\n)l/, /dVI-/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of or indicating direction.\p\B2\b \IElectronics\i \Ba\b concerned with the transmission of radio or sound waves in a particular direction. \Bb\b (of equipment) designed to receive radio or sound waves most effectively from a particular direction or directions and not others. \Bdirectionality\b \K/-"nalIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bdirectionally\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>direction-finder</hw>\p\In.\i\p\INaut Aeron\i a device for determining the source of radio waves, esp. as an aid in navigation.
<hw>directive</hw> \K/dI"rEktIv/, /dVI-/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\pa general instruction from one in authority. \Iadj.\i serving to direct. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from medieval Latin \Idirectivus\i (as \J\Xdirect\x)\j\c
<hw>directly</hw> \K/dI"rEktli/, /dVI-/\k \Iadv. & conj.\i \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b at once; without delay. \Bb\b presently, shortly.\p\B2\b exactly, immediately \3(directly opposite;\c \2directly after lunch).\c\p\B3\b in a direct manner. \Iconj.\i \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i as soon as \3(will tell you directly they come).\c
<hw>direct mail</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i advertising sent unsolicited through the post to prospective customers. \Bdirect mailing\b\p\In.\i\p\Knew f. SOED, corpus Sep 93\k
<hw>direct method</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IEducation\i a system of teaching a foreign language using only that language and without the study of formal grammar.
<hw>direct object</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IGram.\i the primary object of the action of a transitive verb.
<hw>Directoire</hw> \K/dI"rEktwA:/\k \Iadj.\i \INeedlework\i & \IArt\i in imitation of styles prevalent during the French Directory. \BEtymology:\b \3French (as \J\Xdirectory\x)\j\c
<hw>Directoire drawers</hw> \In.pl.\i (also \BDirectoire knickers)\b \BBrit.\b \IClothing\i knickers which are straight, full, and knee-length.
<hw>director</hw> \K/dI"rEkt\F'\n/, /dVI-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person who directs or controls something.\p\B2\b \ICommerce\i a member of the managing board of a commercial company.\p\B3\b \ICinematog Theatr\i a person who directs a film etc., esp. professionally.\p\B4\b \IEccl\i a spiritual adviser.\p\B5\b \IMus\i = \J\Xmusical director\x.\j \Bdirectorial\b \K/-"tO:rI\F'\nl/\k \Iadj.\i \Bdirectorship\b\p\In.\i\p(esp. in sense 2). \BEtymology:\b \3Anglo-French \Idirectour\i from Late Latin \Idirector\i 'governor' (as \J\Xdirect\x)\j\c
<hw>directorate</hw> \K/dI"rEkt(\F'\n)r\F'\nt/, /dVI-/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i\p\B1\b a board of directors.\p\B2\b the office of director.
<hw>director-general</hw>\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bdirector-generals)\b \Besp. Brit.\b \ICommerce\i the chief executive of a large (esp. public) organization.
<hw>director of public prosecutions</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ILaw\i = \J\Xpublic prosecutor\x.\j
<hw>directory</hw> \K/dI"rEkt(\F'\n)ri/, /dVI-/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b a book listing alphabetically or thematically a particular group of individuals (e.g. telephone subscribers) or organizations with various details.\p\B2\b \IComputing\i a computer file listing other files or programs etc.\Ksense 2 new f. SOED Sep 93\k\p\B3\b \B(Directory)\b \IPolit\i \Ihist.\i the revolutionary executive of five persons in power in France 1795-9.\p\B4\b \IEccl\i a book of rules, esp. for the order of private or public worship. \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Idirectorium\i (as \J\Xdirect\x)\j\c
<hw>directory enquiries</hw> \In.pl.\i \B(N. Amer.\b \Bdirectory assistance)\b \ITelephony\i a telephone service providing a subscriber's number on request.\Knew f. POD8 Sep 93\k
<hw>direct proportion</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMath\i a relation between quantities whose ratio is constant.
<hw>directress</hw> \K/dI"rEktrIs/, /dVI-/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bdirectrice)\b a woman director. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xdirector\x,\j French \Idirectrice\i (as \J\Xdirectrix\x)\j\c
<hw>directrix</hw> \K/dI"rEktrIks/, /dVI-/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bdirectrices\b \K/-trIsi:z/\k) \IGeom.\i \IMath\i a fixed line used in describing a curve or surface. \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin from Late Latin \Idirector:\i see \J\Xdirector\x,\j \J\X-trix\x\j\c
<hw>direct speech</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IGram\i words actually spoken, not reported in the third person \I(opp.\i \J\Xreported speech\x).\j\Kdirect ovation omitted f. COD9 Apr 93\k
<hw>direct tax</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPolit Commerce\i a tax levied on the person who ultimately bears the burden of it, esp. on income.
<hw>dirge</hw> \K/d\F'\n:dZ/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMus\i\p\B1\b \IEccl\i a lament for the dead, esp. forming part of a funeral service.\p\B2\b any mournful song or lament. \Bdirgeful\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Idirige\i (imperative) 'direct', the first word of an antiphon (Psalm 5:8) used in the Latin Office for the Dead\c
<hw>dirham</hw> \K/"dI\F'\nrh\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICurrency\i the chief monetary unit of Morocco and the United Arab Emirates. \BEtymology:\b \3Arabic, from Latin \J\Xdrachma\x\j\c
<hw>dirigible</hw> \K/"dIrIdZIb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i capable of being guided.\p\In.\i\p\ITransport\i a dirigible balloon or airship. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idirigere\i 'arrange, direct': see \J\Xdirect\x\j\c
<hw>dirigisme</hw> \K/"dIrIZIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPolit Econ\i state control of economic and social matters. \Bdirigiste\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French from \Idiriger\i \J\Xdirect\x\j\c
<hw>diriment impediment</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i a factor (e.g. the existence of a prior marriage) rendering a marriage null and void from the beginning.
<hw>dirk</hw> \K/d\F'\n:k/\k\p\In.\i\pa short dagger, esp. as formerly worn by Scottish Highlanders. \BEtymology:\b \316th-c. \Idurk,\i of unknown origin\c
<hw>dirndl</hw> \K/"d\F'\n:nd(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\IClothing\i\p\B1\b a woman's dress styled in imitation of Alpine peasant costume, with close-fitting bodice, tight waistband, and full skirt.\p\B2\b (in full \Bdirndl skirt)\b a full skirt of this kind. \BEtymology:\b \3German dialect, diminutive of \IDirne\i 'girl'\c
<hw>dirt</hw> \K/d\F'\n:t/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b unclean matter that soils.\p\B2\b \Ba\b earth, soil. \Bb\b earth, cinders, etc., used to make a surface for a road etc. \I(usu. \Battrib.:\b\i \2dirt track).\c\p\B3\b foul or malicious words or talk.\p\B4\b excrement.\p\B5\b a dirty condition.\p\B6\b a person or thing considered worthless.\p\1do a person dirt\c \Islang\i harm or injure a person's reputation maliciously.\p\1eat dirt\c\p\B1\b suffer insults etc. without retaliating.\p\B2\b \BUS\b make a humiliating confession.\p\1treat like dirt\c treat (a person) contemptuously; abuse. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old Norse \Idrit\i 'excrement'\c
<hw>dirt bike</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ISport\i a motorcycle designed for use on unmade roads and tracks, esp. in scrambling.
<hw>dirt track</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ISport\i a course made of rolled cinders, soil, etc., for motorcycle racing or flat racing \I(often hyphenated when \Battrib.:\b\i \2dirt-track race).\c \Bdirt-tracker\b\p\In.\i\p\K-er new f. corpus Sep 93\k
<hw>dirty</hw> \K/"d\F'\n:ti/\k \Iadj., adv., & v.\i \Iadj.\i \B(dirtier,\b \Bdirtiest)\b\p\B1\b soiled, unclean.\p\B2\b causing one to become dirty \3(a dirty job).\c\p\B3\b sordid, lewd; morally illicit or questionable \3(dirty joke).\c\p\B4\b unpleasant, nasty.\p\B5\b dishonest, dishonourable, unfair \3(dirty play).\c\p\B6\b (of weather) rough, squally.\p\B7\b (of a colour) not pure or clear, dingy.\p\B8\b \Icolloq.\i (of a nuclear weapon) producing considerable radioactive fallout. \Iadv.\i \Islang\i\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b (with adjectives expressing magnitude) very \3(a dirty great diamond).\c\p\B2\b dirtily; unfairly \3(play dirty).\c\Ksense 2 new f. kpb, corpus Jan 95\k \Iv.tr. & intr.\i \B(-ies,\b \B-ied)\b make or become dirty.\p\1the dirty end of the stick\c \Besp. Brit.\b \Icolloq.\i the difficult or unpleasant part of an undertaking, situation, etc.\p\1do the dirty on\c \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i play a mean trick on. \Bdirtily\b \Iadv.\i \Bdirtiness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>dirty dog</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Icolloq.\i a scoundrel; a despicable person.
<hw>dirty linen</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Icolloq.\i intimate secrets, esp. of a scandalous nature.\Kdirty washing omitted f. COD9 Apr 93\k
<hw>dirty look</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Icolloq.\i a look of disapproval, anger, or disgust.
<hw>dirty money</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b money obtained unlawfully or immorally.\K1 new f. corpus, incomings Dec 94\k\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b \ICommerce\i extra money paid to those who handle dirty materials.
<hw>dirty old man</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Icolloq.\i a lecherous man.\Knew f. POD8 Sep 93\k
<hw>dirty trick</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a dishonourable and deceitful act.\p\B2\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \IPolit\i underhand political activity, esp. to discredit an opponent.
<hw>dirty weekend</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ISex\i \Icolloq.\i a weekend spent clandestinely with a lover.
<hw>dirty word</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an offensive or indecent word.\p\B2\b a word for something which is disapproved of \3(profit is a dirty word).\c
<hw>dirty work</hw>\p\In.\i\pdishonourable or illegal activity, esp. done clandestinely.
<hw>dis</hw> \K/dIs/\k \Iv. & n.\i (also \Bdiss)\b \BUS\b \Islang\i \Iv.tr.\i \B(dissed,\b \Bdissing)\b put a person down; bad-mouth.\p\In.\i\pdisrespect.\Knew f. incomings Oct 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation of \J\Xdisrespect\x\j\c
<hw>dis-</hw> \K/dIs/\k \Iprefix\i forming nouns, adjectives, and verbs:\p\B1\b expressing negation \3(dishonest).\c\p\B2\b indicating reversal or absence of an action or state \3(disengage;\c \2disbelieve).\c\p\B3\b indicating removal of a thing or quality \3(dismember;\c \2disable).\c\p\B4\b indicating separation \3(distinguish;\c \2disperse).\c\p\B5\b indicating completeness or intensification of the action \3(disembowel;\c \2disgruntled).\c\p\B6\b indicating expulsion from \3(disbar).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idis-,\i sometimes via Old French \Ides-\i\c
<hw>disability</hw> \K/dIs\F'\n"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \IMed\i a physical incapacity, either congenital or caused by injury, disease, etc., esp. when limiting a person's ability to work.\p\B2\b a lack of some asset, quality, or attribute, that prevents a person from doing something.\p\B3\b \ILaw\i a legal disqualification.
<hw>disable</hw> \K/dIs"eIb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b render unable to function.\p\B2\b (often as \Bdisabled\b \Iadj.)\i deprive of physical or mental ability, esp. through injury or disease. \Bdisablement\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>disablist</hw> \K/dIs"eIblIst/\k \Iadj.\i \ISociol\i discriminating or prejudiced against disabled people.\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED, News, corpus Mar 94\k
<hw>disabuse</hw> \K/dIs\F'\n"bju:z/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \I(foll. by \Bof)\b\i free from a mistaken idea.\p\B2\b disillusion, undeceive.
<hw>disaccharide</hw> \K/dVI"sak\F'\nrVId/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i a sugar whose molecule contains two linked monosaccharides.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Jan 94\k
<hw>disaccord</hw> \K/dIs\F'\n"kO:d/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\pdisagreement, disharmony. \Iv.intr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bwith)\b\i disagree; be at odds. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from French \IdΘsaccorder\i (as \J\Xaccord\x)\j\c
<hw>disadvantage</hw> \K/dIs\F'\nd"vA:ntIdZ/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an unfavourable circumstance or condition.\p\B2\b damage to one's interest or reputation. \Iv.tr.\i cause disadvantage to.\p\1at a disadvantage\c in an unfavourable position or aspect. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from (Old) French \IdΘsavantage:\i see \J\Xadvantage\x\j\c
<hw>disadvantaged</hw> \K/dIs\F'\nd"vA:ntIdZd/\k \Iadj.\i placed in unfavourable circumstances (esp. of a person lacking the normal social opportunities).
<hw>disaffected</hw> \K/dIs\F'\n"fEktId/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b disloyal, esp. to one's superiors.\p\B2\b estranged; no longer friendly; discontented. \Bdisaffectedly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3past part. of \Idisaffect,\i originally = dislike, disorder (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \J\Xaffect\x (2))\j\c
<hw>disaffection</hw> \K/dIs\F'\n"fEkS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b disloyalty.\p\B2\b \IPolit\i political discontent.
<hw>disaffiliate</hw> \K/dIs\F'\n"fIlI%eIt/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i end the affiliation of.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i end one's affiliation.\p\B3\b \Itr. & intr.\i detach. \Bdisaffiliation\b \K/-"eIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>disaffirm</hw> \K/dIs\F'\n"f\F'\n:m/\k \Iv.tr.\i \ILaw\i\p\B1\b reverse (a previous decision).\p\B2\b repudiate (a settlement). \Bdisaffirmation\b \K/dIs%af\F'\n"meIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>disafforest</hw> \K/dIs\F'\n"fQrIst/\k \Iv.tr.\i \BBrit.\b\p\B1\b \IForestry Ecol\i clear of forests or trees.\p\B2\b \ILaw\i reduce from the legal status of forest to that of ordinary land. \Bdisafforestation\b \K/-"steIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Anglo-Latin \Idisafforestare\i (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \J\Xafforest\x)\j\c
<hw>disaggregate</hw> \K/dIs"agrIgeIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i separate into component parts; cease to treat as aggregated. \Bdisaggregation\b \K/-"geIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Knew f. SOED, corpus Oct 93\k
<hw>disagree</hw> \K/dIs\F'\n"gri:/\k \Iv.intr.\i \B(disagrees,\b \Bdisagreed,\b \Bdisagreeing)\b \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i\p\B1\b hold a different opinion.\p\B2\b quarrel.\p\B3\b (of factors or circumstances) not correspond.\p\B4\b have an adverse effect upon (a person's health, digestion, etc.). \Bdisagreement\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Idesagreer\i (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \J\Xagree\x)\j\c
<hw>disagreeable</hw> \K/dIs\F'\n"gri:\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b unpleasant, not to one's liking.\p\B2\b quarrelsome; rude or bad-tempered. \Bdisagreeableness\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdisagreeably\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Idesagreable\i (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \J\Xagreeable\x)\j\c
<hw>disallow</hw> \K/dIs\F'\n"laU/\k \Iv.tr.\i refuse to allow or accept as valid; prohibit. \Bdisallowance\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Idesalouer\i (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \J\Xallow\x)\j\c
<hw>disamenity</hw> \K/dIs\F'\n"mi:nIti/, /-"mEnIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b an unpleasant feature (of a place etc.); a disadvantage.
<hw>disappear</hw> \K/dIs\F'\n"pI\F'\n/\k \Iv.intr.\i\p\B1\b cease to be visible; pass from sight.\p\B2\b cease to exist or be in circulation or use \3(trams had all but disappeared).\c\p\B3\b (of a person or thing) go missing.\Ksense 3 new f. POD8 Sep 93\k \Bdisappearance\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>disappearing act</hw>\p\In.\i\pan instance of vanishing as if by magic, esp. to avoid unpleasantness.\Knew f. DJT Sep 93\k
<hw>disappoint</hw> \K/dIs\F'\n"pOInt/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \I(also \Babsol.)\b\i fail to fulfil a desire or expectation of (a person).\p\B2\b frustrate (hopes etc.); cause the failure of (a plan etc.).\p\1be disappointed\c \I(foll. by \Bwith,\b \Bat,\b \Bin,\b or \Bto\b + infin., or \Bthat\b + clause)\i fail to have one's expectation etc. fulfilled in some regard \3(was disappointed with you;\c \2disappointed at the result;\c \2am disappointed to be last).\c \Bdisappointedly\b \Iadv.\i \Bdisappointing\b \Iadj.\i \Bdisappointingly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from French \IdΘsappointer\i (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \J\Xappoint\x)\j\c
<hw>disappointment</hw> \K/dIs\F'\n"pOIntm(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an event, thing, or person that disappoints.\p\B2\b a feeling of distress, vexation, etc., resulting from this \3(I cannot hide my disappointment).\c
<hw>disapprove</hw> \K/dIs\F'\n"pru:v/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bof)\b\i have or express an unfavourable opinion.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i be displeased with. \Bdisapproval\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdisapprover\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdisapproving\b \Iadj.\i \Bdisapprovingly\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>disarm</hw> \K/dIs"A:m/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b take weapons away from (a person, state, etc.) \I(often foll. by \Bof:\b\i \2were disarmed of their rifles).\c \Bb\b \IFencing etc.\i deprive of a weapon.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i deprive (a ship etc.) of its means of defence.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i \IPolit Mil\i (of a state etc.) disband or reduce its armed forces.\p\B4\b \Itr.\i remove the fuse from (a bomb etc.).\p\B5\b \Itr.\i deprive of the power to injure.\p\B6\b \Itr.\i pacify or allay the hostility or suspicions of; mollify; placate. \Bdisarmer\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdisarming\b \Iadj.\i (esp. in sense 6). \Bdisarmingly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Idesarmer\i (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \J\Xarm\x (2))\j\c
<hw>disarmament</hw> \K/dIs"A:m\F'\nm(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i the reduction by a state of its military forces and weapons.
<hw>disarrange</hw> \K/dIs\F'\n"reIn(d)Z/\k \Iv.tr.\i bring into disorder. \Bdisarrangement\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>disarray</hw> \K/dIs\F'\n"reI/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\I(often prec. by \Bin,\b \Binto)\b\i disorder, confusion (esp. among people). \Iv.tr.\i throw into disorder.
<hw>disarticulate</hw> \K/dIsA:"tIkjUleIt/\k \Iv.tr. & intr.\i separate at the joints. \Bdisarticulation\b \K/-"leIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>disassemble</hw> \K/dIs\F'\n"sEmb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iv.tr.\i \IMech\i take (a machine etc.) to pieces. \Bdisassembly\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>disassembler</hw> \K/dIs\F'\n"sEmbl\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IComputing\i a program for converting machine code into assembly language.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll Jan 94\k
<hw>disaster</hw> \K/dI"zA:st\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a great or sudden misfortune.\p\B2\b \Ba\b a complete failure. \Bb\b a person or enterprise ending in failure. \Bdisastrous\b \Iadj.\i \Bdisastrously\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3originally 'unfavourable aspect of a star': from French \IdΘsastre\i or Italian \Idisastro\i (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \Iastro\i from Latin \Iastrum\i 'star')\c
<hw>disavow</hw> \K/dIs\F'\n"vaU/\k \Iv.tr.\i disclaim knowledge of, responsibility for, or belief in. \Bdisavowal\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Idesavouer\i (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \J\Xavow\x)\j\c
<hw>disband</hw> \K/dIs"band/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i (of an organized group etc.) cease to work or act together; disperse.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i cause (such a group) to disband. \Bdisbandment\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3obsolete French \Idesbander\i (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \J\Xband\x (2))\j\c
<hw>disbar</hw> \K/dIs"bA:/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(disbarred,\b \Bdisbarring)\b \ILaw\i deprive (a barrister) of the right to practise; expel from the Bar. \Bdisbarment\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>disbelieve</hw> \K/dIsbI"li:v/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i be unable or unwilling to believe (a person or statement).\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i have no faith. \Bdisbelief\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdisbeliever\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdisbelievingly\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>disbenefit</hw> \K/dIs"bEnIfIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b a drawback; an undesirable feature or consequence.\Knew f. SOED, corpus Oct 93\k
<hw>disbound</hw> \K/dIs"baUnd/\k \Iadj.\i \IPrinting\i (of a pamphlet etc.) removed from a bound volume.
<hw>disburden</hw> \K/dIs"b\F'\n:d(\F'\n)n/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b relieve (a person, one's mind, etc.) of a burden \I(often foll. by \Bof:\b\i \2was disburdened of all worries).\c\p\B2\b get rid of, discharge (a duty, anxiety, etc.).
<hw>disburse</hw> \K/dIs"b\F'\n:s/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i expend (money).\p\B2\b \Itr.\i defray (a cost).\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i pay money. \Bdisbursal\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdisbursement\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdisburser\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old French \Idesbourser\i (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \J\Xbourse\x)\j\c
<hw>disc</hw> \K/dIsk/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bdisk\b \Besp. US\b and in sense 4a)\p\B1\b \Ba\b a flat thin circular object. \Bb\b a round flat or apparently flat surface \3(the sun's disc).\c \Bc\b a mark of this shape.\p\B2\b \Ba\b \IAnat\i a layer of cartilage between vertebrae. \Bb\b \IBot.\i the close-packed cluster of tubular florets in the centre of a composite flower.\Ksense 2b new f. NSOED, Coll. Jan 94\k\p\B3\b a gramophone record.\p\B4\b \Ba\b (usu. \Bdisk;\b in full \Bmagnetic disk)\b \IComputing\i a computer storage device consisting of a rotatable disc or discs with a magnetic coating. \Bb\b (in full \Boptical disc)\b \IComputing\i a smooth non-magnetic disc with large storage capacity for data recorded and read by laser, esp. a CD-ROM.\p\B5\b \BBrit.\b a device with a pointer or rotating disc indicating time of arrival or latest permitted time of departure, for display in a parked motor vehicle. \Bdiskless\b \Iadj.\i \IComputing.\i\K-less new f. corpus, incomings Mar 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3French \Idisque\i or Latin \Idiscus:\i see \J\Xdiscus\x\j\c
<hw>discalced</hw> \K/dIs"kalst/\k \Iadj.\i \IEccl\i (of a friar or a nun) barefoot or wearing only sandals. \BEtymology:\b \3variant of \Idiscalceated\i (influenced by French \IdΘchaux)\i from Latin \Idiscalceatus\i (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \Icalceatus\i from \Icalceus\i 'shoe')\c
<hw>discard</hw> \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.tr.\i \K/dI"skA:d/\k\p\B1\b reject or get rid of as unwanted or superfluous.\p\B2\b \I(also \Babsol.)\b\i \ICards\i remove or put aside (a card) from one's hand.\p\In.\i\p\K/"dIskA:d/\k\ICards\i a discarded item, esp. a card in a card game. \Bdiscardable\b \K/-"kA:d\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xdis-\x\j + \J\Xcard\x (1)\j\c
<hw>discarnate</hw> \K/dIs"kA:n\F'\nt/\k \Iadj.\i \ITheol\i having no physical body; separated from the flesh. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xdis-\x,\j Latin \Icaro carnis\i 'flesh'\c
<hw>disc brake</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ITransport\i a brake employing the friction of pads against a disc.
<hw>discern</hw> \K/dI"s\F'\n:n/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b perceive clearly with the mind or the senses.\p\B2\b make out by thought or by gazing, listening, etc. \Bdiscerner\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdiscernible\b \Iadj.\i \Bdiscernibly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Idiscerner\i from Latin (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \Icernere cret-\i 'separate')\c
<hw>discerning</hw> \K/dI"s\F'\n:nIN/\k \Iadj.\i having or showing good judgement or insight. \Bdiscerningly\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>discernment</hw> \K/dI"s\F'\n:nm(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\pgood judgement or insight.
<hw>discerptible</hw> \K/dI"s\F'\n:ptIb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Iliterary\i able to be plucked apart; divisible. \Bdiscerptibility\b \K/-"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idiscerpere discerpt-\i (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \Icarpere\i 'pluck')\c
<hw>discerption</hw> \K/dI"s\F'\n:pS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Iarchaic\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b pulling apart; severance. \Bb\b an instance of this.\p\B2\b a severed piece. \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Idiscerptio\i (as \J\Xdiscerptible\x)\j\c
<hw>discharge</hw> \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\K/dIs"tSA:dZ/\k\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b let go, release, esp. from a duty, commitment, or period of confinement. \Bb\b relieve (a bankrupt) of residual liability.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i dismiss from office, employment, army commission, etc.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \IMil\i \Ba\b fire (a gun etc.). \Bb\b (of a gun etc.) fire (a bullet etc.).\p\B4\b \Ba\b \Itr.\i \I(also \Babsol.)\b\i pour out or cause to pour out (pus, liquid, etc.) \3(the wound was discharging).\c\Ksense 4b throw/eject (a stone) omitted Jun 94 on lack of evidence\k \Bb\b \Itr.\i utter (abuse etc.). \Bc\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Binto)\b\i (of a river etc.) flow into (esp. the sea).\p\B5\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b carry out, perform (a duty or obligation). \Bb\b relieve oneself of (a financial commitment) \3(discharged his debt).\c\p\B6\b \Itr.\i \ILaw\i cancel (an order of court).\p\B7\b \Itr.\i \IPhysics\i release an electrical charge from.\p\B8\b \Itr.\i \INaut\i \Ba\b relieve (a ship etc.) of its cargo. \Bb\b unload (a cargo) from a ship.\p\In.\i\p\K/"dIstSA:dZ/, /dIs"tSA:dZ/\k\p\B1\b the act or an instance of discharging; the process of being discharged.\p\B2\b \IMil\i a dismissal, esp. from the armed services.\p\B3\b \Ba\b a release, exemption, acquittal, etc. \Bb\b a written certificate of release etc.\p\B4\b \IMil\i an act of firing a gun etc.\p\B5\b \Ba\b an emission (of pus, liquid, etc.). \Bb\b the liquid or matter so discharged.\p\B6\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bof)\b\i \Ba\b the payment (of a debt). \Bb\b the performance (of a duty etc.).\p\B7\b \IPhysics\i \Ba\b the release of a quantity of electric charge from an object. \Bb\b a flow of electricity through the air or other gas, esp. when accompanied by the emission of light. \Bc\b the conversion of chemical energy in a cell into electrical energy.\p\B8\b \INaut\i the unloading (of a ship or a cargo). \Bdischargeable\b \Iadj.\i \Bdischarger\b\p\In.\i\p(in sense 7 of \Iv.).\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Idescharger\i (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \J\Xcharge\x)\j\c
<hw>disc harrow</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAgriculture\i a harrow with cutting edges consisting of a row of concave discs set at an oblique angle.
<hw>disciple</hw> \K/dI"sVIp(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a follower or pupil of a leader, teacher, philosophy, etc. \3(a disciple of Zen Buddhism).\c\p\B2\b \IRelig\i \Ba\b a personal follower of Christ, esp. one of the twelve Apostles. \Bb\b any early believer in Christ. \Bdiscipleship\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdiscipular\b \K/dI"sIpjUl\F'\n/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Idiscipul\i from Latin \Idiscipulus,\i from \Idiscere\i 'learn'\c
<hw>disciplinarian</hw> \K/%dIsIplI"nE:rI\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\pa person who upholds or practises firm discipline \3(a strict disciplinarian).\c
<hw>disciplinary</hw> \K/"dIsIplIn(\F'\n)ri/, /dIsI"plIn-/\k \Iadj.\i of, promoting, or enforcing discipline. \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Idisciplinarius\i (as \J\Xdiscipline\x)\j\c
<hw>discipline</hw> \K/"dIsIplIn/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b control or order exercised over people or animals, esp. children, prisoners, military personnel, church members, etc. \Bb\b the system of rules used to maintain this control. \Bc\b the behaviour of groups subjected to such rules \3(poor discipline in the ranks).\c\p\B2\b \Ba\b mental, moral, or physical training. \Bb\b adversity as used to bring about such training \3(left the course because he couldn't take the discipline).\c\p\B3\b a branch of instruction or learning \3(philosophy is a hard discipline).\c\p\B4\b punishment.\p\B5\b \IEccl.\i mortification by physical self-punishment, esp. scourging. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b punish, chastise.\p\B2\b bring under control by training in obedience; drill. \Bdisciplinable\b \Iadj.\i \Bdisciplinal\b \K/dIsI"plVIn(\F'\n)l/, /"dIsIplIn(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Idiscipliner\i or Late Latin & medieval Latin \Idisciplinare\i \I(v.),\i \Idisciplina\i \I(n.),\i from \Idiscipulus\i \J\Xdisciple\x\j\c
<hw>disc jockey</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBroadcasting\i the presenter of a selection of usu. recorded popular music, esp. in a broadcast.
<hw>disclaim</hw> \K/dIs"kleIm/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b deny or disown \3(disclaim all responsibility).\c\p\B2\b \I(often \Babsol.)\b\i \ILaw\i renounce a legal claim to (property etc.). \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Anglo-French \Idesclaim-,\i stressed stem of \Idesclamer\i (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \J\Xclaim\x)\j\c
<hw>disclaimer</hw> \K/dIs"kleIm\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a renunciation or disavowal, esp. of responsibility.\p\B2\b \ILaw\i an act of repudiating another's claim or renouncing one's own.\Ksense 2 new f. SOED Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Anglo-French (= \J\Xdisclaim\x,\j used as a noun)\c
<hw>disclose</hw> \K/dIs"kl\F'\nUz/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b make known; reveal \3(disclosed the truth).\c\p\B2\b remove the cover from; expose to view. \Bdiscloser\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Idesclos-,\i stem of \Idesclore,\i from Gallo-Roman (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \J\Xclose\x (2))\j\c
<hw>disclosure</hw> \K/dIs"kl\F'\nUZ\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or an instance of disclosing; the process of being disclosed.\p\B2\b something disclosed; a revelation. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xdisclose\x\j + \J\X-ure\x,\j on the pattern of \Iclosure\i\c
<hw>disco</hw> \K/"dIsk\F'\nU/\k \In. & v.\i \Icolloq.\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b\p\B1\b = \J\Xdiscotheque\x.\j\p\B2\b = \J\Xdisco music\x.\j\Ksense 2 new f. SOED Sep 93\k \Iv.intr.\i \B(-oes,\b \B-oed)\b\p\B1\b attend a discotheque.\p\B2\b dance to disco music \3(discoed the night away).\c \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation\c
<hw>discobolus</hw> \K/dI"skQb\F'\nl\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bdiscoboli\b \K/-lVI/\k) \IGk Hist\i\p\B1\b a discus-thrower in ancient Greece.\p\B2\b a statue of a discobolus. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin from Greek \Idiskobolos,\i from \Idiskos\i \J\Xdiscus\x\j + \I-bolos\i '-throwing' from \Iballo\i 'to throw'\c
<hw>discography</hw> \K/dI"skQgr\F'\nfi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IMus\i\p\B1\b a descriptive catalogue of gramophone records, esp. of a particular performer or composer.\p\B2\b the study of gramophone records. \Bdiscographer\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xdisc\x\j + \J\X-graphy\x,\j on the pattern of \Ibiography\i\c
<hw>discolour</hw> \K/dIs"kVl\F'\n/\k \Iv.tr. & intr.\i \B(US\b \Bdiscolor)\b spoil or cause to spoil the colour of; stain; tarnish. \Bdiscoloration\b \K/-"reIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bdiscolouration).\b \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Idescolorer\i or medieval Latin \Idiscolorare\i (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \J\Xcolour\x)\j\c
<hw>discombobulate</hw> \K/dIsk\F'\nm"bQbjUleIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i \BN. Amer.\b \Islang\i disturb; disconcert. \BEtymology:\b \3probably based on \Idiscompose\i or \Idiscomfit\i\c
<hw>discomfit</hw> \K/dIs"kVmfIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(discomfited,\b \Bdiscomfiting)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b disconcert or baffle. \Bb\b thwart.\p\B2\b \Iarchaic\i defeat in battle. \Bdiscomfiture\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Idisconfit,\i past part. of \Idesconfire,\i from Romanic (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j Latin \Iconficere\i 'put together': see \J\Xconfection\x)\j\c Care should be taken not to confuse \Idiscomfit\i with \Idiscomfort.\i Examples of each are: \IWe were discomfited by his request to walk through the pouring rain rather than take a taxi,\i and \IHe was by nature a recluse, discomforted by every encounter.\i
<hw>discomfort</hw> \K/dIs"kVmf\F'\nt/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a lack of ease; slight pain \3(tight collar caused discomfort).\c \Bb\b mental uneasiness \3(his presence caused her discomfort).\c\p\B2\b a lack of comfort. \Iv.tr.\i make uneasy; distress. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Idesconfort(er)\i (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \J\Xcomfort\x)\j\c See Usage Note at \J\Xdiscomfit\x.\j
<hw>discommode</hw> \K/dIsk\F'\n"m\F'\nUd/\k \Iv.tr.\i inconvenience (a person etc.). \Bdiscommodious\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3obsolete French \Idiscommoder,\i variant of \Iincommoder\i (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \J\Xincommode\x)\j\c
<hw>disco music</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMus\i popular dance music characterized by a heavy bass rhythm.
<hw>disconcert</hw> \K/dIsk\F'\nn"s\F'\n:t/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b disturb the composure of; agitate; fluster \3(disconcerted by his expression).\c\p\B2\b spoil or upset (plans etc.). \Bdisconcertedly\b \Iadv.\i \Bdisconcerting\b \Iadj.\i \Bdisconcertingly\b \Iadv.\i \Bdisconcertion\b \K/-"s\F'\n:S(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bdisconcertment\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3obsolete French \Idesconcerter\i (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \J\Xconcert\x)\j\c
<hw>disconfirm</hw> \K/dIsk\F'\nn"f\F'\n:m/\k \Iv.tr.\i \Iformal\i disprove or tend to disprove (a hypothesis etc.). \Bdisconfirmation\b \K/%dIskQnf\F'\n"meIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>disconformity</hw> \K/dIsk\F'\nn"fO:mIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b lack of conformity. \Bb\b an instance of this.\p\B2\b \IGeol.\i a difference of plane between two parallel, approximately horizontal sets of strata.
<hw>disconnect</hw> \K/dIsk\F'\n"nEkt/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bfrom)\b\i break the connection of (things, ideas, etc.).\p\B2\b \IElectr\i put (an electrical device) out of action by disconnecting the parts, esp. by pulling out the plug.
<hw>disconnection</hw> \K/dIsk\F'\n"nEkS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bdisconnexion)\b the act or an instance of disconnecting; the state of being disconnected.
<hw>disconsolate</hw> \K/dIs"kQns(\F'\n)l\F'\nt/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b forlorn or inconsolable.\p\B2\b unhappy or disappointed. \Bdisconsolately\b \Iadv.\i \Bdisconsolateness\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdisconsolation\b \K/-"leIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from medieval Latin \Idisconsolatus\i (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \Iconsolatus,\i past part. of Latin \Iconsolari\i 'console')\c
<hw>discontent</hw> \K/dIsk\F'\nn"tEnt/\k \In., adj., & v.\i\p\In.\i\plack of contentment; restlessness, dissatisfaction. \Iadj.\i dissatisfied \3(was discontent with his lot).\c \Iv.tr.\i (esp. as \Bdiscontented\b \Iadj.)\i make dissatisfied. \Bdiscontentedly\b \Iadv.\i \Bdiscontentedness\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdiscontentment\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>discontinue</hw> \K/dIsk\F'\nn"tInju:/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B(discontinues,\b \Bdiscontinued,\b \Bdiscontinuing)\b\p\B1\b \Iintr. & tr.\i cease or cause to cease to exist or be made \3(a discontinued line).\c\p\B2\b \Itr.\i give up, cease from \3(discontinued his visits).\c\p\B3\b \Itr.\i cease taking or paying (a newspaper, a subscription, etc.). \Bdiscontinuance\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdiscontinuation\b \K/-"eIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Idiscontinuer\i from medieval Latin \Idiscontinuare\i (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \J\Xcontinue\x)\j\c
<hw>discontinuous</hw> \K/dIsk\F'\nn"tInjU\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i lacking continuity in space or time; intermittent. \Bdiscontinuity\b \K/%dIskQntI"nju:Iti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bdiscontinuously\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Idiscontinuus\i (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \J\Xcontinuous\x)\j\c
<hw>discord</hw> \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\K/"dIskO:d/\k\p\B1\b disagreement; strife.\p\B2\b harsh clashing noise; clangour.\p\B3\b \IMus.\i \Ba\b a lack of harmony between notes sounding together. \Bb\b an unpleasing or unfinished chord needing to be completed by another. \Bc\b any interval except unison, an octave, a perfect fifth and fourth, a major and minor third and sixth, and their octaves. \Bd\b a single note dissonant with another. \Iv.intr.\i \K/dI"skO:d/\k\p\B1\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bwith)\b\i \Ba\b disagree or quarrel. \Bb\b be different or inconsistent.\p\B2\b jar, clash, be dissonant. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Idescord,\i \I(n.),\i \Idescorder\i \I(v.)\i from Latin \Idiscordare,\i from \Idiscors\i 'discordant' (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \Icor cord-\i 'heart')\c
<hw>discordant</hw> \K/dI"skO:d(\F'\n)nt/\k \Iadj.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bto,\b \Bfrom,\b \Bwith)\b\i\p\B1\b disagreeing; at variance.\p\B2\b (of sounds) not in harmony; dissonant. \Bdiscordance\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdiscordancy\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdiscordantly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French, part. of \Idiscorder:\i see \J\Xdiscord\x\j\c
<hw>discotheque</hw> \K/"dIsk\F'\ntEk/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a club etc. for dancing to recorded popular music.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b \Ba\b the professional lighting and sound equipment used at a discotheque. \Bb\b a business that provides this.\p\B3\b \BBrit.\b a party with dancing to popular music, esp. using such equipment. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = record-library\c
<hw>discount</hw> \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\K/"dIskaUnt/\k\p\B1\b \ICommerce\i a deduction from a bill or amount due, given esp. in consideration of prompt or advance payment or to a special class of buyers.\p\B2\b \ICommerce\i a deduction from the amount of a bill of exchange etc. by a person who gives value for it before it is due.\p\B3\b the act or an instance of discounting. \Iv.tr.\i \K/dIs"kaUnt/\k\p\B1\b disregard as being unreliable or unimportant \3(discounted his story).\c\p\B2\b reduce the effect of (an event etc.) by previous action.\p\B3\b \Ba\b deduct (esp. an amount from a bill etc.). \Bb\b \ICommerce\i reduce in price.\Ksense 3b new f. F. Abate, NSOED, corpus, Nov 94\k\p\B4\b \ICommerce\i give or get the present worth of (a bill not yet due).\p\1at a discount\c\p\B1\b \ICommerce\i below the nominal or usual price \I(cf.\i \J\Xpremium\x).\j\p\B2\b not in demand; depreciated. \Bdiscountable\b \K/-"kaUnt\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Bdiscounter\b \K/-"kaUnt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3obsolete French \Idescompte,\i \I-conte,\i \Idescompter\i or Italian \I(di)scontare\i (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \J\Xcount\x (1))\j\c
<hw>discountenance</hw> \K/dIs"kaUntIn\F'\nns/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \I(esp. in \Bpassive)\b\i disconcert \3(was discountenanced by his abruptness).\c\p\B2\b refuse to countenance; show disapproval of.
<hw>discount house</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b \ICommerce\i a firm that discounts bills.\p\B2\b \BUS\b \ICommerce\i = \J\Xdiscount store\x.\j
<hw>discount rate</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BUS\b \ICommerce\i the minimum lending rate.
<hw>discount store</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i a shop etc. that sells goods at less than the normal retail price.
<hw>discourage</hw> \K/dIs"kVrIdZ/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b deprive of courage, confidence, or energy.\p\B2\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bfrom)\b\i dissuade \3(discouraged him from going).\c\p\B3\b inhibit or seek to prevent (an action etc.) by showing disapproval; oppose \3(smoking is discouraged).\c \Bdiscouragement\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdiscouragingly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Idescouragier\i (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \J\Xcourage\x)\j\c
<hw>discourse</hw> \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\K/"dIskO:s/, /-"kO:s/\k\p\B1\b \Iliterary\i \Ba\b conversation; talk. \Bb\b a dissertation or treatise on an academic subject. \Bc\b a lecture or sermon.\p\B2\b \ILinguistics\i a connected series of utterances; a text.\p\Iv.\i\p\K/dIs"kO:s/\k\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i talk; converse.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bof,\b \Bon,\b \Bupon)\b\i speak or write learnedly or at length (on a subject).\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \Iarchaic\i give forth (music etc.). \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Idiscursus\i (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \J\Xcourse\x):\j the verb influenced by French \Idiscourir\i\c
<hw>discourtesy</hw> \K/dIs"k\F'\n:t\F'\nsi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b bad manners; rudeness.\p\B2\b an impolite act or remark.
<hw>discover</hw> \K/dI"skVv\F'\n/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bthat\b + clause)\i \Ba\b find out or become aware of, whether by research or searching or by chance \3(discovered a new entrance;\c \2discovered that they had been overpaid).\c \Bb\b be the first to find or find out \3(who discovered America?).\c\p\B2\b \IChess\i give (check) by removing one's own obstructing piece.\p\B3\b (in show business) find and promote as a new singer, actor, etc.\p\B4\b \Iarchaic\i \Ba\b make known. \Bb\b exhibit; manifest. \Bc\b disclose; betray. \Bdiscoverable\b \Iadj.\i \Bdiscoverer\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Idescovrir\i from Late Latin \Idiscooperire\i (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \J\Xcover\x)\j\c
<hw>discovery</hw> \K/dI"skVv(\F'\n)ri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b the act or process of discovering or being discovered. \Bb\b an instance of this \3(the discovery of a new planet).\c\p\B2\b a person or thing discovered.\p\B3\b \ILaw\i the compulsory disclosure, by a party to an action, of facts or documents on which the other party wishes to rely. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xdiscover\x,\j on the pattern of \Irecover,\i \Irecovery\i\c
<hw>discredit</hw> \K/dIs"krEdIt/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b harm to reputation \3(brought discredit on the enterprise).\c\p\B2\b a person or thing causing this \3(he is a discredit to his family).\c\p\B3\b lack of credibility; doubt; disbelief \3(throws discredit on her story).\c\p\B4\b \ICommerce\i the loss of commercial credit. \Iv.tr.\i \B(discredited,\b \Bdiscrediting)\b\p\B1\b harm the good reputation of.\p\B2\b cause to be disbelieved.\p\B3\b refuse to believe.
<hw>discreet</hw> \K/dI"skri:t/\k \Iadj.\i \B(discreeter,\b \Bdiscreetest)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b circumspect in speech or action, esp. to avoid social disgrace or embarrassment. \Bb\b tactful; trustworthy.\p\B2\b unobtrusive \3(a discreet touch of rouge).\c \Bdiscreetly\b \Iadv.\i \Bdiscreetness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Idiscret -ete\i from Latin \Idiscretus\i 'separate' (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \Icretus,\i past part. of \Icernere\i 'sift'), with Late Latin sense from its derivative \Idiscretio\i 'discernment'\c
<hw>discrepancy</hw> \K/dIs"krEp(\F'\n)nsi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b difference; failure to correspond; inconsistency.\p\B2\b an instance of this. \Bdiscrepant\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idiscrepare\i 'be discordant' (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \Icrepare\i 'creak')\c
<hw>discrete</hw> \K/dI"skri:t/\k \Iadj.\i individually distinct; separate, discontinuous. \Bdiscretely\b \Iadv.\i \Bdiscreteness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Idiscretus:\i see \J\Xdiscreet\x\j\c
<hw>discretion</hw> \K/dI"skrES(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b being discreet; discreet behaviour \3(treats confidences with discretion).\c\p\B2\b prudence; self-preservation.\p\B3\b the freedom to act and think as one wishes, usu. within legal limits \3(it is within his discretion to leave).\c\p\B4\b \ILaw\i a court's freedom to decide a sentence etc.\p\1age (or years) of discretion\c \ILaw\i the esp. legal age at which a person is able to manage his or her own affairs.\p\1at discretion\c as one pleases.\p\1at the discretion of\c to be settled or disposed of according to the judgement or choice of.\p\1discretion is the better part of valour\c reckless courage is often self-defeating.\p\1use one's discretion\c act according to one's own judgement. \Bdiscretionary\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Idiscretio -onis\i (as \J\Xdiscreet\x)\j\c
<hw>discriminate</hw> \K/dI"skrImIneIt/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bbetween)\b\i make or see a distinction; differentiate \3(cannot discriminate between right and wrong).\c\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i make a distinction, esp. unjustly and on the basis of race, age, sex, etc.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bagainst)\b\i select for unfavourable treatment.\p\B4\b \Itr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bfrom)\b\i make or see or constitute a difference in or between \3(many things discriminate one person from another).\c\p\B5\b \Iintr.\i observe distinctions carefully; have good judgement.\p\B6\b \Itr.\i mark as distinctive; be a distinguishing feature of. \Bdiscriminately\b \K/-n\F'\ntli/\k \Iadv.\i \Bdiscriminative\b \K/-n\F'\ntIv/\k \Iadj.\i \Bdiscriminator\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdiscriminatory\b \K/-n\F'\nt(\F'\n)ri/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idiscriminare\i from \Idiscrimen -minis\i 'distinction', from \Idiscernere\i \J\Xdiscern\x\j\c
<hw>discriminating</hw> \K/dI"skrImIneItIN/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b able to discern, esp. distinctions.\p\B2\b having good taste. \Bdiscriminatingly\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>discrimination</hw> \K/dI%skrImI"neIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b unfavourable treatment based on prejudice, esp. regarding race, age, or sex.\p\B2\b good taste or judgement in artistic matters etc.\p\B3\b the power of discriminating or observing differences.\p\B4\b a distinction made with the mind or in action.
<hw>discursive</hw> \K/dIs"k\F'\n:sIv/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b rambling or digressive.\p\B2\b \IPhilos.\i proceeding by argument or reasoning \I(opp.\i \J\Xintuitive\x).\j \Bdiscursively\b \Iadv.\i \Bdiscursiveness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Idiscursivus\i from Latin \Idiscurrere discurs-\i (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \Icurrere\i 'run')\c
<hw>discus</hw> \K/"dIsk\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bdiscuses)\b \ISport\i\p\B1\b \IGk Hist\i a heavy thick-centred disc thrown in ancient Greek games.\p\B2\b a similar disc thrown in modern field events. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin from Greek \Idiskos\i\c
<hw>discuss</hw> \K/dI"skVs/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b hold a conversation about.\p\B2\b examine by argument, esp. written; debate. \Bdiscussable\b \Iadj.\i \Bdiscussant\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdiscusser\b\p\In.\i\p\Kdiscussible omitted Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3earlier in the sense 'dispel, disperse': Middle English from Latin \Idiscutere discuss-\i 'disperse' (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \Iquatere\i 'shake')\c
<hw>discussion</hw> \K/dI"skVS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a conversation, esp. on specific subjects; a debate \3(had a discussion about what they should do).\c\p\B2\b an examination by argument, written or spoken. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Late Latin \Idiscussio -onis\i (as \J\Xdiscuss\x)\j\c
<hw>disdain</hw> \K/dIs"deIn/, /-z-/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\pscorn; contempt. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b regard with disdain.\p\B2\b think oneself superior to; reject \3(disdained his offer;\c \2disdained to enter;\c \2disdained answering).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Idesdeign(ier),\i ultimately from Latin \Idedignari\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Idignari\i from \Idignus\i 'worthy')\c
<hw>disease</hw> \K/dI"zi:z/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMed\i an unhealthy condition of the body (or a part of it) or the mind; illness, sickness.\p\B2\b \IBiol\i a corresponding physical condition of plants.\p\B3\b \IMed\i a particular kind of disease with special symptoms or location. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Idesaise\i\c
<hw>diseased</hw> \K/dI"zi:zd/\k \Iadj.\i \IBiol Med\i\p\B1\b affected with disease.\p\B2\b abnormal, disordered. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, past part. of \Idisease,\i from Old French \Idesaisier\i (as \J\Xdisease\x)\j\c
<hw>diseconomy</hw> \K/dIsI"kQn\F'\nmi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IEcon.\i the absence or reverse of economy, esp. the increase of costs in a large-scale operation.
<hw>disembark</hw> \K/dIsIm"bA:k/, /dIsEm-/\k \Iv.tr. & intr.\i \INaut Aeron\i put or go ashore or land from a ship; remove from or leave an aircraft, train, etc. \Bdisembarkation\b \K/-"keIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \IdΘsembarquer\i (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \J\Xembark\x)\j\c
<hw>disembarrass</hw> \K/dIsIm"bar\F'\ns/, /dIsEm-/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bof)\b\i relieve (of a load etc.).\p\B2\b free from embarrassment. \Bdisembarrassment\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>disembody</hw> \K/dIsIm"bQdi/, /dIsEm-/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(-ies,\b \B-ied)\b\p\B1\b (esp. as \Bdisembodied\b \Iadj.)\i separate or free (esp. the soul) from the body or a concrete form \3(disembodied spirit;\c \2disembodied voice).\c\p\B2\b \IMil\i \Iarchaic\i disband (troops). \Bdisembodiment\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>disembogue</hw> \K/dIsIm"b\F'\nUg/, /dIsEm-/\k \Iv.tr. & intr.\i \B(disembogues,\b \Bdisembogued,\b \Bdisemboguing)\b \IGeog\i (of a river etc.) discharge or flow into the sea etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish \Idesembocar\i (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \Ien\i 'in', \Iboca\i 'mouth')\c
<hw>disembowel</hw> \K/dIsIm"baU\F'\nl/, /dIsEm-/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(disembowelled,\b \Bdisembowelling;\b \BUS\b \Bdisemboweled,\b \Bdisemboweling)\b remove the bowels or entrails of. \Bdisembowelment\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>disembroil</hw> \K/dIsIm"brOIl/, /dIsEm-/\k \Iv.tr.\i extricate from confusion or entanglement.
<hw>disempower</hw> \K/dIsIm"paU\F'\n/, /dIsEm-/\k \Iv.tr.\i remove the power to act from (a person, group, etc). \Bdisempowerment\b\p\In.\i\p\Knew f. corpus, SOED, incomings Mar 94\k
<hw>disencumber</hw> \K/dIsIn"kVmb\F'\n/, /dIsEn-/\k \Iv.tr.\i free from encumbrance.
<hw>disendow</hw> \K/dIsIn"daU/, /dIsEn-/\k \Iv.tr.\i \IRelig\i strip (esp. the Church) of endowments. \Bdisendowment\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>disenfranchise</hw> \K/dIsIn"fran(t)SVIz/, /dIsEn-/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \Bdisfranchise\b \K/dIs"fran(t)SVIz/\k) \IPolit\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b deprive (a person) of the right to vote. \Bb\b deprive (a place) of the right to send a representative to Parliament.\p\B2\b deprive (a person) of rights as a citizen or of a franchise held. \Bdisenfranchisement\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>disengage</hw> \K/dIsIn"geIdZ/, /dIsEn-/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i detach, free, loosen, or separate (parts etc.) \3(disengaged the clutch).\c\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \IMil.\i remove (troops) from a battle or a battle area.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i become detached.\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i \IFencing\i pass the point of one's sword to the other side of one's opponent's.\p\B5\b \Iintr.\i (as \Bdisengaged\b \Iadj.)\i \Ba\b unoccupied; free; vacant. \Bb\b uncommitted, esp. politically.\p\In.\i\p\IFencing\i a disengaging movement.
<hw>disengagement</hw> \K/dIsIn"geIdZm(\F'\n)nt/, /dIsEn-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the act of disengaging. \Bb\b an instance of this.\p\B2\b freedom from ties; detachment.\p\B3\b the dissolution of an engagement to marry.\p\B4\b ease of manner or behaviour.\p\B5\b \IFencing\i = \J\Xdisengage\x.\j
<hw>disentail</hw> \K/dIsIn"teIl/, /dIsEn-/\k \Iv.tr.\i \ILaw\i free (property) from entail; break the entail of.
<hw>disentangle</hw> \K/dIsIn"taNg(\F'\n)l/, /dIsEn-/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b unravel, untwist. \Bb\b free from complications; extricate \3(disentangled her from the difficulty).\c\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i become disentangled. \Bdisentanglement\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>disentitle</hw> \K/dIsIn"tVIt(\F'\n)l/, /dIsEn-/\k \Iv.tr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bto)\b\i deprive of any rightful claim. \Bdisentitlement\b\p\In.\i\p\K-ment new f. corpus Mar 94\k
<hw>disentomb</hw> \K/dIsIn"tu:m/, /dIsEn-/\k \Iv.tr.\i \Iliterary\i\p\B1\b remove from a tomb; disinter.\p\B2\b unearth. \Bdisentombment\b \K/-"tu:mm(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>disequilibrium</hw> \K/%dIsi:kwI"lIbrI\F'\nm/, /dIsE-/\k\p\In.\i\pa lack or loss of equilibrium; instability.
<hw>disestablish</hw> \K/dIsI"stablIS/, /dIsE-/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \IRelig\i deprive (a church) of state support.\p\B2\b depose from an official position.\p\B3\b terminate the establishment of. \Bdisestablishment\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>disesteem</hw> \K/dIsI"sti:m/, /dIsE-/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.tr.\i have a low opinion of; despise.\p\In.\i\plow esteem or regard.
\B\Idiseuse\b\i \K/di:"z\F'\n:z/, French /diz{z/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(masc.\i \B\Idiseur\b\i \K/di:"z\F'\n:/, French /diz9r/\k) \ITheatr\i a female artiste entertaining with spoken monologues. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = talker, from \Idire dis-\i 'say'\c
<hw>disfavour</hw> \K/dIs"feIv\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i \B(US\b \Bdisfavor)\b\p\In.\i\p\B1\b disapproval or dislike.\p\B2\b the state of being disliked \3(fell into disfavour).\c \Iv.tr.\i regard or treat with disfavour.
<hw>disfigure</hw> \K/dIs"fIg\F'\n/\k \Iv.tr.\i spoil the beauty of; deform; deface. \Bdisfigurement\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Idesfigurer\i from Romanic (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \J\Xfigure\x)\j\c
<hw>disgorge</hw> \K/dIs"gO:dZ/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b eject from the throat or stomach.\p\B2\b pour forth, discharge (contents, ill-gotten gains, etc.). \Bdisgorgement\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Idesgorger\i (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \J\Xgorge\x)\j\c
<hw>disgrace</hw> \K/dIs"greIs/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the loss of reputation; shame; ignominy \3(brought disgrace on his family).\c\p\B2\b a dishonourable, inefficient, or shameful person, thing, state of affairs, etc. \3(the bus service is a disgrace).\c \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b bring shame or discredit on; be a disgrace to.\p\B2\b degrade from a position of honour; dismiss from favour.\p\1in disgrace\c having lost respect or reputation; out of favour. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IdisgrΓce,\i \Idisgracier\i from Italian \Idisgrazia,\i \Idisgraziare\i (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \J\Xgrace\x)\j\c
<hw>disguise</hw> \K/dIs"gVIz/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bas)\b\i alter the appearance, sound, smell, etc., of so as to conceal the identity; make unrecognizable \3(disguised herself as a policewoman;\c \2disguised the taste by adding sugar).\c\p\B2\b misrepresent or cover up \3(disguised the truth;\c \2disguised their intentions).\c\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a costume, false beard, make-up, etc., used to alter the appearance so as to conceal or deceive. \Bb\b any action, manner, etc., used for deception.\p\B2\b \Ba\b the act or practice of disguising; the concealment of reality. \Bb\b an instance of this.\p\1in disguise\c\p\B1\b wearing a concealing costume etc.\p\B2\b appearing to be the opposite \3(a blessing in disguise).\c \Bdisguisement\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Idesguis(i)er\i (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \J\Xguise\x)\j\c
<hw>disgust</hw> \K/dIs"gVst/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\I(usu. foll. by \Bat,\b \Bfor)\b\i\p\B1\b strong aversion; repugnance; profound indignation.\p\B2\b a strong distaste for a food, drink, medicine, etc.; nausea. \Iv.tr.\i cause disgust in \3(their behaviour disgusts me;\c \2was disgusted to find a slug).\c\p\1in disgust\c as a result of disgust \3(left in disgust).\c \Bdisgustedly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old French \Idegoust,\i \Idesgouster,\i or Italian \Idisgusto,\i \Idisgustare\i (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \J\Xgusto\x)\j\c
<hw>dish</hw> \K/dIS/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a shallow, usu. flat-bottomed container for cooking or serving food, made of glass, ceramics, metal, etc. \Bb\b the food served in a dish \3(all the dishes were delicious).\c \Bc\b a particular kind of food \3(a meat dish).\c\p\B2\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i dirty plates, cutlery, cooking pots, etc. after a meal.\p\B3\b \Ba\b a dish-shaped receptacle, object, or cavity. \Bb\b \IElectr\i = \J\Xsatellite dish\x.\j\p\B4\b \Islang\i a sexually attractive person. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b put (food) into a dish ready for serving.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i \Ba\b outmanoeuvre. \Bb\b destroy (one's hopes, chances, etc.).\p\B3\b make concave or dish-shaped.\p\Bdish out\b \Islang\i distribute, esp. carelessly or indiscriminately.\p\Bdish up\b\p\B1\b serve or prepare to serve (food).\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i seek to present (facts, argument, etc.) attractively.\p\1dish (up) the dirt\c \I(often foll. by \Bon)\b\i \Icolloq.\i spread scandal or gossip.\Knew f. incomings, corpus Jun 94\k \Bdishful\b\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-fuls).\b\Kdishlike omitted Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Idisc\i 'plate, bowl' (with Germanic and Old Norse cognates) from Latin \Idiscus\i \J\Xdisc\x\j\c
<hw>dishcloth</hw> \K/"dISklQT/\k\p\In.\i\pa usu. open-weave cloth for washing dishes.
<hw>dishcloth gourd</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a loofah.
<hw>dishearten</hw> \K/dIs"hA:t(\F'\n)n/\k \Iv.tr.\i cause to lose courage or confidence; make despondent. \Bdishearteningly\b \Iadv.\i \Bdisheartenment\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>dishevelled</hw> \K/dI"SEv(\F'\n)ld/\k \Iadj.\i \B(US\b \Bdisheveled)\b (of the hair, a person, etc.) untidy; ruffled; disordered. \Bdishevel\b \Iv.tr.\i \B(dishevelled,\b \Bdishevelling;\b \BUS\b \Bdisheveled,\b \Bdisheveling).\b \Bdishevelment\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English \Idischevelee\i from Old French \IdeschevelΘ\i past part. (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \Ichevel\i 'hair' from Latin \Icapillus)\i\c
<hw>dishonest</hw> \K/dIs"QnIst/\k \Iadj.\i (of a person, act, or statement) fraudulent or insincere. \Bdishonestly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ideshoneste\i (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \J\Xhonest\x)\j\c
<hw>dishonesty</hw> \K/dIs"QnIsti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b a lack of honesty. \Bb\b deceitfulness, fraud.\p\B2\b a dishonest or fraudulent act. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ideshon(n)estΘ\i (as \J\Xdishonest\x)\j\c
<hw>dishonour</hw> \K/dIs"Qn\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i \B(US\b \Bdishonor)\b\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a state of shame or disgrace; discredit.\p\B2\b something that causes dishonour \3(a dishonour to his profession).\c \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b treat without honour or respect.\p\B2\b disgrace \3(dishonoured his name).\c\p\B3\b \ICommerce\i refuse to accept or pay (a cheque or a bill of exchange).\p\B4\b \Iarchaic\i violate the chastity of; rape. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ideshonor\i \I(n.),\i \Ideshonorer\i \I(v.)\i from medieval Latin \Idishonorare\i (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \J\Xhonour\x)\j\c
<hw>disillusion</hw> \K/dIsI"lu:Z(\F'\n)n/, /-"lju:-/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\pfreedom from illusions; disenchantment. \Iv.tr.\i rid of illusions; disenchant. \Bdisillusionize\b \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise).\b \Bdisillusionment\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>disincentive</hw> \K/dIsIn"sEntIv/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b something that tends to discourage a particular action etc.\p\B2\b \IEcon.\i a source of discouragement to productivity or progress. \Iadj.\i tending to discourage.
<hw>disinclination</hw> \K/%dIsInklI"neIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(usu. foll. by \Bfor,\b or \Bto\b + infin.)\i the absence of willingness; a reluctance \3(a disinclination for work;\c \2disinclination to go).\c
<hw>disincline</hw> \K/dIsIn"klVIn/\k \Iv.tr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bto\b + infin. or \Bfor)\b\i make unwilling or reluctant.
<hw>disincorporate</hw> \K/dIsIn"kO:p\F'\nreIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i \ICommerce\i dissolve (a corporate body).
<hw>disinfect</hw> \K/dIsIn"fEkt/\k \Iv.tr.\i cleanse (a wound, a room, clothes, etc.) of infection, esp. with a disinfectant. \Bdisinfection\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \IdΘsinfecter\i (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \J\Xinfect\x)\j\c
<hw>disinfectant</hw> \K/dIsIn"fEkt(\F'\n)nt/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\pa usu. commercially produced chemical liquid that destroys germs etc. \Iadj.\i causing disinfection.
<hw>disinfest</hw> \K/dIsIn"fEst/\k \Iv.tr.\i rid (a person, a building, etc.) of vermin, infesting insects, etc. \Bdisinfestation\b \K/-"steIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>disinflation</hw> \K/dIsIn"fleIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IEcon.\i a policy designed to counteract inflation without causing deflation. \Bdisinflationary\b \Iadj.\i
<hw>disinformation</hw> \K/%dIsInf\F'\n"meIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\pfalse information, intended to mislead.
<hw>disinherit</hw> \K/dIsIn"hErIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(disinherited,\b \Bdisinheriting)\b \IEcon\i reject as one's heir; deprive of the right of inheritance. \Bdisinheritance\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from \J\Xdis-\x\j + \J\Xinherit\x\j in obsolete sense 'make heir'\c
<hw>disintegrate</hw> \K/dIs"IntIgreIt/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr. & intr.\i \Ba\b separate into component parts or fragments; crumble; decay. \Bb\b lose or cause to lose cohesion.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \Icolloq.\i deteriorate mentally or physically.\p\B3\b \Iintr. & tr.\i \IPhysics\i undergo or cause to undergo disintegration. \Bdisintegrative\b \K/-gr\F'\ntIv/\k \Iadj.\i\K-ive new f. corpus, SOED Mar 94\k \Bdisintegrator\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>disintegration</hw> \K/dIs%IntI"greIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or an instance of disintegrating.\p\B2\b \IPhysics\i any process in which a nucleus emits a particle or particles or divides into smaller nuclei.
<hw>disinter</hw> \K/dIsIn"t\F'\n:/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(disinterred,\b \Bdisinterring)\b\p\B1\b remove (esp. a corpse) from the ground; unearth; exhume.\p\B2\b find by delving \3(disinterred the letter from the back of the drawer).\c \Bdisinterment\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \IdΘsenterrer\i (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \J\Xinter\x)\j\c
<hw>disinterest</hw> \K/dIs"Int(\F'\n)rIst/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Idisp.\i lack of interest; unconcern.\p\B2\b impartiality. The use of \Idisinterest\i in sense 1 to mean 'lack of interest' is sometimes objected to, but it is in this sense that is is most commonly found and the alternative \Iuninterest\i is rare. The phrase \Ilack of interest\i avoids both ambiguity and accusations of incorrect usage.
<hw>disinterested</hw> \K/dIs"Int(\F'\n)rIstId/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b not influenced by one's own advantage; impartial.\p\B2\b \Idisp.\i uninterested. \Bdisinterestedly\b \Iadv.\i \Bdisinterestedness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3past part. of \Idisinterest\i 'divest of interest'\c \IDisinterested\i is commonly used informally to mean 'uninterested', but this is widely regarded as incorrect.
<hw>disinvest</hw> \K/dIsIn"vEst/\k \Iv.intr.\i \I(foll. by \Bfrom,\b or \Babsol.)\b\i \IEcon\i reduce or dispose of one's investment (in a place, company, etc.). \Bdisinvestment\b\p\In.\i\p
\B\Idisjecta membra\b\i \K/dIs%dZEkt\F'\n "mEmbr\F'\n/\k \In.pl.\i \ILiterature\i scattered remains; fragments, esp. of written work. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, alteration of \Idisjecti membra poetae\i (Horace) 'limbs of a dismembered poet'\c
<hw>disjoin</hw> \K/dIs"dZOIn/\k \Iv.tr.\i separate or disunite; part. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Idesjoindre\i from Latin \Idisjungere\i (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \Ijungere junct-\i 'join')\c
<hw>disjoint</hw> \K/dIs"dZOInt/\k \Iv. & adj.\i \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b take apart at the joints.\p\B2\b (as \Bdisjointed\b \Iadj.)\i (esp. of conversation) incoherent; desultory.\p\B3\b disturb the working or connection of; dislocate. \Iadj.\i \IMath Logic\i (of two or more sets) having no elements in common. \Bdisjointedly\b \Iadv.\i \Bdisjointedness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from obsolete \Idisjoint\i \I(adj.),\i from past part. of Old French \Idesjoindre\i (as \J\Xdisjoin\x)\j\c
<hw>disjunct</hw> \K/"dIsdZVN(k)t/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ILogic\i each of the terms of a disjunctive proposition.\Knew f. SOED, corpus Dec 93\k\p\B2\b \IGram.\i an adverb or adverbial phrase that expresses a writer's or speaker's attitude to the content of the sentence in which it occurs.\Ksense 2 new f. OERD Apr 94\k
<hw>disjunction</hw> \K/dIs"dZVN(k)S(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the process of disjoining; separation. \Bb\b an instance of this.\p\B2\b \ILogic\i the relation of two mutually incompatible alternatives; a statement expressing this (esp. using the word 'or').\Ksense 2 new f. NSOED, OED Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Idisjunction\i or Latin \Idisjunctio\i (as \J\Xdisjoin\x)\j\c
<hw>disjunctive</hw> \K/dIs"dZVN(k)tIv/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b involving separation; disjoining.\p\B2\b \IGram.\i (esp. of a conjunction) expressing a choice between two words etc., e.g. \Ior\i in \Iasked if he was going or staying\i \I(cf.\i \J\Xcopulative\x 2a).\j\p\B3\b \ILogic\i (of a proposition) expressing alternatives.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IGram.\i a disjunctive conjunction or other word.\p\B2\b \ILogic\i a disjunctive proposition. \Bdisjunctively\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Idisjunctivus\i (as \J\Xdisjoin\x)\j\c
<hw>disjuncture</hw> \K/dIs"dZVN(k)tS\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pa disjointed state; a separation, a disconnection.\Knew f. SOED, corpus Mar 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Idisjunctura,\i \Idisjunct-\i (as \J\Xdisjunction\x)\j\c
<hw>dislike</hw> \K/dIs"lVIk/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.tr.\i have an aversion or objection to; not like.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a feeling of repugnance or not liking.\p\B2\b an object of dislike. \Bdislikable\b \Iadj.\i (also \Bdislikeable).\b
<hw>dislocate</hw> \K/"dIsl\F'\n(U)keIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \I\Iesp.\i Med\i disturb the normal connection of (esp. a joint in the body).\p\B2\b disrupt; put out of order.\p\B3\b displace. \BEtymology:\b \3probably back-formation from \J\Xdislocation\x\j\c
<hw>dislocation</hw> \K/dIsl\F'\n(U)"keIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \I\Iesp.\i Med\i the act or result of dislocating.\p\B2\b \ICrystallog.\i \IPhysics\i the displacement of part of a crystal lattice structure. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Idislocation\i or medieval Latin \Idislocatio,\i from \Idislocare\i (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \Ilocare\i 'place')\c
<hw>dislodge</hw> \K/dIs"lQdZ/\k \Iv.tr.\i remove from an established or fixed position \3(was dislodged from his directorship).\c \Bdislodgement\b\p\In.\i\p(also \Bdislodgment).\b \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Idislog(i)er\i (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \J\Xlodge\x)\j\c
<hw>disloyal</hw> \K/dIs"lOI(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i\p\B1\b not loyal; unfaithful.\p\B2\b untrue to one's allegiance; treacherous to one's government etc. \Bdisloyalist\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdisloyally\b \Iadv.\i \Bdisloyalty\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Idesloial\i (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \J\Xloyal\x)\j\c
<hw>dismal</hw> \K/"dIzm(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b causing or showing gloom; miserable.\p\B2\b dreary or sombre \3(dismal brown walls).\c\p\B3\b \Icolloq.\i feeble or inept \3(a dismal performance).\c\p\1the dismals\c \Icolloq.\i melancholy. \Bdismally\b \Iadv.\i \Bdismalness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3originally noun = unlucky days: Middle English via Anglo-French \Idis mal\i from medieval Latin \Idies mali,\i two days in each month held to be unpropitious\c
<hw>dismal science</hw>\p\In.\i\p\I(prec. by \Bthe)\b\i \Ijoc.\i economics.
<hw>dismantle</hw> \K/dIs"mant(\F'\n)l/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b take to pieces; pull down.\p\B2\b \I\Iesp.\i Mil\i deprive of defences or equipment.\p\B3\b \I(often foll. by \Bof)\b\i strip of covering or protection. \Bdismantlement\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdismantler\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old French \Idesmanteler\i (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \J\Xmantle\x)\j\c
<hw>dismast</hw> \K/dIs"mA:st/\k \Iv.tr.\i \INaut\i deprive (a ship) of masts; break down the mast or masts of.
<hw>dismay</hw> \K/dIs"meI/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.tr.\i fill with consternation or anxiety; discourage or depress; reduce to despair.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b consternation or anxiety.\p\B2\b depression or despair. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French, ultimately from a Germanic root = deprive of power (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \J\Xmay\x)\j\c
<hw>dismember</hw> \K/dIs"mEmb\F'\n/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b tear or cut the limbs from.\p\B2\b partition or divide up (an empire, country, etc.). \Bdismemberment\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Idesmembrer\i from Romanic (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j Latin \Imembrum\i 'limb')\c
<hw>dismiss</hw> \K/dIs"mIs/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \I\Iesp.\i Mil\i \Ba\b \Itr.\i send away, cause to leave one's presence, disperse; disband (an assembly or army). \Bb\b \Iintr.\i (of an assembly etc.) disperse; break ranks.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i discharge from employment, office, etc., esp. dishonourably.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i put out of one's thoughts; cease to feel or discuss \3(dismissed him from memory).\c\p\B4\b \Itr.\i treat (a subject) summarily \3(dismissed his application).\c\p\B5\b \Itr.\i \ILaw\i refuse further hearing to (a case); send out of court.\p\B6\b \Itr.\i \ICricket\i put (a batsman or a side) out \3(was dismissed for 75 runs).\c\p\B7\b \Iintr.\i \I(in \Bimper.)\b\i \IMil.\i a word of command at the end of drilling. \Bdismissal\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdismissible\b \Iadj.\i\Kdismission omitted Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, from medieval Latin \Idismiss-\i (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j Latin \Imittere miss-\i 'send')\c
<hw>dismissive</hw> \K/dIs"mIsIv/\k \Iadj.\i tending to dismiss from consideration; disdainful. \Bdismissively\b \Iadv.\i \Bdismissiveness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>dismount</hw> \K/dIs"maUnt/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \Iintr.\i alight from a horse, bicycle, etc. \Bb\b \Itr.\i \I(usu. in \Bpassive)\b\i throw from a horse, unseat.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i remove (a thing) from its mounting (esp. a gun from its carriage).
<hw>disobedient</hw> \K/dIs\F'\n"bi:dI\F'\nnt/\k \Iadj.\i disobeying; rebellious, rule-breaking. \Bdisobedience\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdisobediently\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Idesobedient\i (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \J\Xobedient\x)\j\c
<hw>disobey</hw> \K/dIs\F'\n"beI/\k \Iv.tr.\i \I(also \Babsol.)\b\i fail or refuse to obey; disregard (orders); break (rules) \3(disobeyed his mother;\c \2how dare you disobey!).\c \Bdisobeyer\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Idesobeir\i from Romanic (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \J\Xobey\x)\j\c
<hw>disoblige</hw> \K/dIs\F'\n"blVIdZ/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b refuse to consider the convenience or wishes of.\p\B2\b (as \Bdisobliging\b \Iadj.)\i uncooperative. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IdΘsobliger\i from Romanic (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \J\Xoblige\x)\j\c
<hw>disorder</hw> \K/dIs"O:d\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a lack of order; confusion.\p\B2\b a riot; a commotion.\p\B3\b \IMed.\i a usu. minor ailment or disease. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b throw into confusion; disarrange.\p\B2\b \IMed.\i put out of good health; upset. \Bdisordered\b \Iadj.\i\Kdisordered new f. POD8 Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, alteration influenced by \J\Xorder\x\p\Iv.\i\p\j of earlier \Idisordain\i from Old French \Idesordener\i (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \J\Xordain\x)\j\c
<hw>disorderly</hw> \K/dIs"O:d\F'\nli/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b untidy; confused.\p\B2\b irregular; unruly; riotous.\p\B3\b \ILaw\i contrary to public order or morality. \Bdisorderliness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>disorderly house</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i a brothel.
<hw>disorganize</hw> \K/dIs"O:g\F'\nnVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b\p\B1\b destroy the system or order of; throw into confusion.\p\B2\b (as \Bdisorganized\b \Iadj.)\i lacking organization or system. \Bdisorganization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \IdΘsorganiser\i (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \J\Xorganize\x)\j\c
<hw>disorientate</hw> \K/dIs"O:rIEnteIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b confuse (a person) as to his or her whereabouts or bearings.\p\B2\b confuse (a person) \3(disorientated by his unexpected behaviour).\c \Bdisorientation\b \K/-"teIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>disown</hw> \K/dIs"\F'\nUn/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b refuse to recognize; repudiate; disclaim.\p\B2\b renounce one's connection with or allegiance to. \Bdisowner\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>disparage</hw> \K/dI"sparIdZ/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b speak slightingly of; depreciate.\p\B2\b bring discredit on. \Bdisparagement\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdisparagingly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Idesparagier\i 'marry unequally' (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \Iparage\i 'equality of rank', ultimately from Latin \Ipar\i 'equal')\c
<hw>disparate</hw> \K/"dIsp(\F'\n)r\F'\nt/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i essentially different in kind; without comparison or relation.\p\In.\i\p\I(in \Bpl.)\b\i things so unlike that there is no basis for their comparison. \Bdisparately\b \Iadv.\i \Bdisparateness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idisparatus\i 'separated' (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \Iparatus,\i past part. of \Iparare\i 'prepare'), influenced in sense by Latin \Idispar\i 'unequal'\c
<hw>disparity</hw> \K/dI"sparIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b inequality; difference; incongruity.\p\B2\b an instance of this. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IdisparitΘ\i from Late Latin \Idisparitas -tatis\i (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \J\Xparity\x (1))\j\c
<hw>dispatch</hw> \K/dI"spatS/\k \Iv. & n.\i (also \Bdespatch)\b \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b send off to a destination or for a purpose \3(dispatched him with the message;\c \2dispatched the letter yesterday).\c\p\B2\b perform (business, a task, etc.) promptly; finish off.\p\B3\b kill, execute \3(dispatched him with the revolver).\c\p\B4\b \Icolloq.\i eat (food, a meal, etc.) quickly.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or an instance of sending (a messenger, letter, etc.).\p\B2\b the act or an instance of killing; execution.\p\B3\b \Ba\b an official written message on state or esp. military affairs. \Bb\b a report sent in by a newspaper's correspondent, usu. from a foreign country. \Bc\b any written message requiring fast delivery.\K3c new f. SOED Sep 93\k\p\B4\b promptness, efficiency \3(done with dispatch).\c \Bdispatcher\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Italian \Idispacciare\i or Spanish \Idespachar\i 'expedite' (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j Italian \Iimpacciare\i and Spanish \Iempachar\i 'hinder', of uncertain origin)\c
<hw>dispatch box</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bdispatch case)\b \IPolit Mil\i a container for esp. official state or military documents or dispatches.
<hw>dispatch rider</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i a motorcyclist or rider on horseback carrying dispatches.
<hw>dispel</hw> \K/dI"spEl/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(dispelled,\b \Bdispelling)\b dissipate; disperse; scatter \3(the dawn dispelled their fears).\c \Bdispeller\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idispellere\i (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \Ipellere\i 'drive')\c
<hw>dispensable</hw> \K/dI"spEns\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b able to be done without; unnecessary.\p\B2\b \ILaw\i (of a law etc.) able to be relaxed in special cases. \Bdispensability\b \K/-"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Idispensabilis\i (as \J\Xdispense\x)\j\c
<hw>dispensary</hw> \K/dI"spEns(\F'\n)ri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IMed\i\p\B1\b a place where medicines etc. are dispensed.\p\B2\b a public or charitable institution for medical advice and the dispensing of medicines. \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Idispensarius\i (as \J\Xdispense\x)\j\c
<hw>dispensation</hw> \K/dIspEn"seIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the act or an instance of dispensing or distributing. \Bb\b \I(foll. by \Bwith)\b\i the state of doing without (a thing). \Bc\b something distributed.\p\B2\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bfrom)\b\i \Ba\b exemption from a penalty or duty; an instance of this. \Bb\b \IRelig\i permission to be exempted from a religious observance; an instance of this.\p\B3\b \IRelig Polit\i a religious or political system obtaining in a nation etc. \3(the Christian dispensation).\c\p\B4\b \Ba\b the ordering or management of the world by Providence. \Bb\b a specific example of such ordering (of a community, a person, etc.). \Bdispensational\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Idispensation\i or Latin \Idispensatio\i (as \J\Xdispense\x)\j\c
<hw>dispense</hw> \K/dI"spEns/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i distribute; deal out.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i administer (a sacrament, justice, etc.).\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \IMed Pharm\i make up and give out (medicine etc.) according to a doctor's prescription.\p\B4\b \Itr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bfrom)\b\i \IRelig\i grant a dispensation to (a person) from an obligation, esp. a religious observance.\p\B5\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bwith)\b\i \Ba\b do without; render needless. \Bb\b give exemption from (a rule). \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Idespenser\i from Latin \Idispensare,\i frequentative of \Idispendere\i 'weigh or pay out' (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \Ipendere pens-\i 'weigh')\c
<hw>dispenser</hw> \K/dI"spEns\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person or thing that dispenses something, e.g. medicine, good advice.\p\B2\b an automatic machine that dispenses an item or a specific amount of something (e.g. cash).
<hw>dispensing chemist</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IMed Pharm\i a chemist qualified to make up and give out medicine etc.
<hw>dispensing optician</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IOptics\i = \J\Xoptician\x 2.\j\Knew f. corpus, incomings Sep 93\k
<hw>dispersant</hw> \K/dI"sp\F'\n:s(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i an agent used to disperse small particles in a medium.
<hw>disperse</hw> \K/dI"sp\F'\n:s/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr. & tr.\i go, send, drive, or distribute in different directions or over a wide area.\p\B2\b \Ba\b \Iintr.\i (of people at a meeting etc.) leave and go their various ways. \Bb\b \Itr.\i cause to do this.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i send to or station at separate points.\p\B4\b \Itr.\i put in circulation; disseminate.\p\B5\b \Itr.\i \IChem.\i distribute (small particles) uniformly in a medium.\p\B6\b \Itr.\i \IPhysics\i divide (white light) into its coloured constituents. \Bdispersable\b \Iadj.\i \Bdispersal\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdisperser\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdispersible\b \Iadj.\i \Bdispersive\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Idispergere dispers-\i (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \Ispargere\i 'scatter')\c
<hw>dispersion</hw> \K/dI"sp\F'\n:S(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or an instance of dispersing; the process of being dispersed.\p\B2\b \IChem.\i a mixture of one substance dispersed in another.\p\B3\b \IPhysics\i the separation of white light into colours or of any radiation according to wavelength.\p\B4\b \IStatistics\i the extent to which values of a variable differ from the mean.\p\B5\b \IEcol.\i the pattern of distribution of individuals within the habitat.\Ksense 5 new f. corpus, OERD Sep 94\k\p\B6\b \B(the Dispersion)\b \IRelig\i = \J\XDiaspora\x 1.\j \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Late Latin \Idispersio\i (as \J\Xdisperse\x),\j translation of Greek \Idiaspora:\i see \J\XDiaspora\x\j\c
<hw>dispirit</hw> \K/dI"spIrIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b (esp. as \Bdispiriting\b \Iadj.)\i make despondent; discourage.\p\B2\b (as \Bdispirited\b \Iadj.)\i dejected; discouraged. \Bdispiritedly\b \Iadv.\i \Bdispiritedness\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdispiritingly\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>displace</hw> \K/dIs"pleIs/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b shift from its accustomed place.\p\B2\b remove from office.\p\B3\b take the place of; oust.
<hw>displaced person</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i a person who is forced to leave his or her home country because of war, persecution, etc.; a refugee.
<hw>displacement</hw> \K/dIs"pleIsm(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or an instance of displacing; the process or an instance of being displaced.\p\B2\b \IPhysics\i the amount of a fluid displaced by a solid floating or immersed in it \3(a ship with a displacement of 11,000 tons).\c\p\B3\b \IPsychol.\i \Ba\b the substitution of one idea or impulse for another. \Bb\b the unconscious transfer of strong unacceptable emotions from one object to another.\p\B4\b the amount by which a thing is moved from a position.
<hw>displacement activity</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPsychol.\i an animal or human activity which seems irrelevant to the situation (e.g. head-scratching when confused).\Knew f. NSOED Sep 93\k
<hw>displacement ton</hw> \Isee\i \J\Xton\x (1) 4.\j\Knew as hwd Sep 94\k
<hw>display</hw> \K/dI"spleI/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b expose to view; exhibit; show.\p\B2\b show ostentatiously.\p\B3\b allow to appear; reveal; betray \3(displayed his ignorance).\c\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or an instance of displaying.\p\B2\b \Ba\b an exhibition or show. \Bb\b a thing or things intended to be looked at.\p\B3\b ostentation; flashiness.\p\B4\b \IZool\i the distinct behaviour of some birds and fish, esp. used to attract a mate.\p\B5\b \IComputing\i \Ba\b the presentation of signals or data on a visual display unit etc. \Bb\b the information so presented.\p\B6\b \IPrinting\i the arrangement and choice of type in order to attract attention. \Bdisplayer\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Idespleier\i from Latin \Idisplicare\i (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \Iplicare\i 'fold'): cf. \J\Xdeploy\x\j\c
<hw>displease</hw> \K/dIs"pli:z/\k \Iv.tr.\i make indignant or angry; offend; annoy.\p\1be displeased\c \I(often foll. by \Bat,\b \Bwith)\b\i be indignant or dissatisfied; disapprove. \Bdispleasing\b \Iadj.\i \Bdispleasingly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Idesplaisir\i (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j Latin \Iplacere\i 'please')\c
<hw>displeasure</hw> \K/dIs"plEZ\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\pdisapproval; anger; dissatisfaction. \Iv.tr.\i \Iarchaic\i cause displeasure to; annoy. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French (as \J\Xdisplease\x):\j assimilated to \J\Xpleasure\x\j\c
<hw>disport</hw> \K/dI"spO:t/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.intr. & refl.\i frolic; gambol; enjoy oneself \3(disported on the sand;\c \2disported themselves in the sea).\c\p\In.\i\p\Iarchaic\i\p\B1\b relaxation.\p\B2\b a pastime. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Anglo-French & Old French \Idesporter\i (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \Iporter\i 'carry' from Latin \Iportare)\i\c
<hw>disposable</hw> \K/dI"sp\F'\nUz\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b intended to be used once and then thrown away \3(disposable nappies).\c\p\B2\b that can be got rid of, made over, or used.\p\B3\b \IEcon\i (esp. of financial assets) at the owner's disposal.\p\In.\i\pa thing designed to be thrown away after one use. \Bdisposability\b \K/-"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>disposable income</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IEcon\i income after tax and other necessary expenditure.\p\B2\b \ICommerce\i the total amount of money at the disposal of consumers in a country, community, etc.\Ksense 2 new f. corpus, F. Abate, Nov 94\k
<hw>disposal</hw> \K/dI"sp\F'\nUz(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(usu. foll. by \Bof)\b\i\p\B1\b the act or an instance of disposing of something.\p\B2\b the arrangement, disposition, or placing of something.\p\B3\b control or management (of a person, business, etc.).\p\B4\b (esp. as \Bwaste disposal)\b the disposing of rubbish.\p\B5\b \BN. Amer.\b \Icolloq.\i a waste disposal unit.\Ksense 5 new f. SOED Sep 93\k\p\1at one's disposal\c\p\B1\b available for one's use.\p\B2\b subject to one's orders or decisions. \IDisposal\i is the noun corresponding to the verb \Idispose of\i 'get rid of, deal with, etc.'. \IDisposition\i is the noun corresponding to \Idispose\i 'arrange, incline'.
<hw>dispose</hw> \K/dI"sp\F'\nUz/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bto,\b or \Bto\b + infin.)\i \Ba\b make willing; incline \3(disposed him to the idea;\c \2was disposed to release them).\c \Bb\b have a tendency to \3(the wheel was disposed to buckle).\c\p\B2\b \Itr.\i place suitably or in order \3(disposed the pictures in sequence).\c\p\B3\b \Itr.\i (as \Bdisposed\b \Iadj.)\i having a specified mental inclination \I(usu. in \Bcomb.:\b\i \2ill-disposed).\c\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i determine the course of events \3(man proposes, God disposes).\c\p\Bdispose of\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b deal with. \Bb\b get rid of. \Bc\b finish. \Bd\b kill.\p\B2\b sell.\p\B3\b prove (a claim, an argument, an opponent, etc.) to be incorrect.\p\B4\b consume (food). \Bdisposer\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Idisposer\i (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \J\Xpose\x (1)),\j based on Latin \Idisponere disposit-\i\c
<hw>disposition</hw> \K/dIsp\F'\n"zIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i a natural tendency; an inclination; a person's temperament \3(a happy disposition;\c \2a disposition to overeat).\c\p\B2\b \Ba\b setting in order; arranging. \Bb\b the relative position of parts; an arrangement.\p\B3\b \I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i \Ba\b \IMil.\i the stationing of troops ready for attack or defence. \Bb\b preparations; plans.\p\B4\b \ILaw\i \Ba\b a bestowal by deed or will. \Bb\b control; the power of disposing.\p\B5\b ordinance, dispensation. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Idispositio\i (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \Iponere posit-\i 'place')\c See Usage Note at \J\Xdisposal\x.\j
<hw>dispossess</hw> \K/dIsp\F'\n"zEs/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b dislodge; oust (a person).\p\B2\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bof)\b\i deprive. \Bdispossession\b \K/-"zES(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old French \Idespossesser\i (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \J\Xpossess\x)\j\c
<hw>dispraise</hw> \K/dIs"preIz/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.tr.\i express disapproval or censure of.\p\In.\i\pdisapproval, censure. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Idespreisier,\i ultimately from Late Latin \Idepretiare\i \J\Xdepreciate\x\j\c
<hw>disproof</hw> \K/dIs"pru:f/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b something that disproves.\p\B2\b \Ba\b refutation. \Bb\b an instance of this.
<hw>disproportion</hw> \K/dIspr\F'\n"pO:S(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a lack of proportion.\p\B2\b an instance of this. \Bdisproportional\b \Iadj.\i \Bdisproportionally\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>disproportionate</hw> \K/dIspr\F'\n"pO:S(\F'\n)n\F'\nt/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b lacking proportion.\p\B2\b relatively too large or small, long or short, etc. \Bdisproportionately\b \Iadv.\i \Bdisproportionateness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>disprove</hw> \K/dIs"pru:v/\k \Iv.tr.\i prove false; refute. \Bdisprovable\b \Iadj.\i\Kdisproval omitted Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Idesprover\i (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \J\Xprove\x)\j\c
<hw>disputable</hw> \K/dI"spju:t\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/, /"dIspjUt\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i open to question; uncertain. \Bdisputably\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French or from Latin \Idisputabilis\i (as \J\Xdispute\x)\j\c
<hw>disputation</hw> \K/dIspju:"teIS(\F'\n)n/, /-pjU"t-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b disputing, debating. \Bb\b an argument; a controversy.\p\B2\b a formal debate. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from French \Idisputation\i or Latin \Idisputatio\i (as \J\Xdispute\x)\j\c
<hw>disputatious</hw> \K/dIspju:"teIS\F'\ns/, /-pjU"t-/\k \Iadj.\i fond of or inclined to argument. \Bdisputatiously\b \Iadv.\i \Bdisputatiousness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>dispute</hw> \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\K/dI"spju:t/\k\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bwith,\b \Bagainst)\b\i \Ba\b debate, argue \3(was disputing with them about the meaning of life).\c \Bb\b quarrel.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i discuss, esp. heatedly \3(disputed whether it was true).\c\p\B3\b \Itr.\i question the truth or correctness or validity of (a statement, alleged fact, etc.) \3(I dispute that number).\c\p\B4\b \Itr.\i contend for; strive to win \3(disputed the crown;\c \2disputed the field).\c\p\B5\b \Itr.\i resist (a landing, advance, etc.).\p\In.\i\p\K/dI"spju:t/, /"dIspju:t/\k\p\B1\b a controversy; a debate.\p\B2\b a quarrel.\p\B3\b a disagreement between management and employees, esp. one leading to industrial action.\p\1beyond (or past or without) dispute\c certainly; indisputably.\p\1in dispute\c\p\B1\b being argued about.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b (of a workforce) involved in industrial action. \Bdisputant\b \K/-"spju:t(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bdisputer\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Idesputer\i from Latin \Idisputare\i 'estimate' (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \Iputare\i 'reckon')\c
<hw>disqualification</hw> \K/dIs%kwQlIfI"keIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or an instance of disqualifying; the state of being disqualified.\p\B2\b something that disqualifies.
<hw>disqualify</hw> \K/dIs"kwQlIfVI/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(-ies,\b \B-ied)\b\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bfrom)\b\i \ISport etc.\i debar from a competition or pronounce ineligible as a winner because of an infringement of the rules etc. \3(disqualified from the race for taking drugs).\c\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Bfor,\b \Bfrom)\b\i make or pronounce ineligible or unsuitable \3(his age disqualifies him for the job;\c \2a criminal record disqualified him from applying).\c\p\B3\b \I(often foll. by \Bfrom)\b\i \ILaw\i incapacitate legally; pronounce unqualified \3(disqualified from practising as a doctor).\c
<hw>disquietude</hw> \K/dIs"kwVI\F'\ntju:d/\k\p\In.\i\pa state of uneasiness; anxiety.
<hw>disquisition</hw> \K/dIskwI"zIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\pa long or elaborate treatise or discourse on a subject. \Bdisquisitional\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French from Latin \Idisquisitio\i (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \Iquaerere quaesit-\i 'seek')\c
<hw>disrate</hw> \K/dIs"reIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i \INaut.\i reduce (a sailor) to a lower rating or rank.
<hw>disregard</hw> \K/dIsrI"gA:d/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b pay no attention to; ignore.\p\B2\b treat as of no importance.\p\In.\i\p\I(often foll. by \Bof,\b \Bfor)\b\i indifference; neglect. \Bdisregardful\b \Iadj.\i \Bdisregardfully\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>disrelish</hw> \K/dIs"rElIS/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\pdislike; distaste. \Iv.tr.\i regard with dislike or distaste.
<hw>disremember</hw> \K/dIsrI"mEmb\F'\n/\k \Iv.tr. & intr.\i \Besp. US\b or \Idial.\i fail to remember; forget.
<hw>disrepair</hw> \K/dIsrI"pE:/\k\p\In.\i\ppoor condition due to neglect \3(in disrepair;\c \2in a state of disrepair).\c
<hw>disreputable</hw> \K/dIs"rEpjUt\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of bad reputation; discreditable.\p\B2\b not respectable in appearance; dirty, untidy. \Bdisreputableness\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdisreputably\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>disrepute</hw> \K/dIsrI"pju:t/\k\p\In.\i\pa lack of good reputation or respectability; discredit \3(esp. fall into disrepute).\c
<hw>disrespect</hw> \K/dIsrI"spEkt/\k\p\In.\i\pa lack of respect; discourtesy. \Bdisrespectful\b \Iadj.\i \Bdisrespectfully\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>disrobe</hw> \K/dIs"r\F'\nUb/\k \Iv.tr. & refl.\i \I(also \Babsol.)\b\i\p\B1\b divest (oneself or another) of a robe or a garment; undress.\p\B2\b divest (oneself or another) of office, authority, etc.
<hw>disrupt</hw> \K/dIs"rVpt/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b interrupt the flow or continuity of (a meeting, speech, etc.); bring disorder to.\p\B2\b separate forcibly; shatter. \Bdisrupter\b\p\In.\i\p(also \Bdisruptor).\b \Bdisruption\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdisruptive\b \Iadj.\i \Bdisruptively\b \Iadv.\i \Bdisruptiveness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idisrumpere disrupt-\i (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \Irumpere\i 'break')\c
<hw>diss</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xdis\x.\j
<hw>dissatisfy</hw> \K/dI(s)"satIsfVI/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(-ies,\b \B-ied)\b make discontented; fail to satisfy \3(dissatisfied with the accommodation;\c \2dissatisfied to find him gone).\c \Bdissatisfaction\b \K/-"fakS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bdissatisfactory\b \K/-"fakt(\F'\n)ri/\k \Iadj.\i \Bdissatisfiedly\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>dissect</hw> \K/dI"sEkt/, \Idisp.\i /dVI-/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b cut into pieces.\p\B2\b \IAnat\i cut up (a plant or animal) to examine its parts, structure, etc., or (a corpse) for a post-mortem.\p\B3\b analyse; criticize or examine in detail. \Bdissection\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdissector\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idissecare dissect-\i (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \Isecare\i 'cut')\c
<hw>dissemble</hw> \K/dI"sEmb(\F'\n)l/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i conceal one's motives; talk or act hypocritically.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b disguise or conceal (a feeling, intention, act, etc.). \Bb\b (as \Bdissembled\b \Iadj.)\i simulated, pretended. \Bdissemblance\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdissembler\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdissemblingly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, alteration, suggested by \Isemblance,\i of obsolete \Idissimule,\i via Old French \Idissimuler\i from Latin \Idissimulare\i (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \J\Xsimulate\x)\j\c
<hw>dissension</hw> \K/dI"sEnS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\pdisagreement giving rise to discord. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Idissensio\i (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \Isentire sens-\i 'feel')\c
<hw>dissent</hw> \K/dI"sEnt/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.intr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bfrom)\b\i\p\B1\b think differently, disagree; express disagreement.\p\B2\b \ITheol\i differ in religious opinion, esp. from the doctrine of an established or orthodox Church.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a difference of opinion. \Bb\b an expression of this.\p\B2\b \ITheol\i the refusal to accept the doctrines of an established or orthodox Church; nonconformity. \Bdissenting\b \Iadj.\i\Kdissentingly omitted Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Idissentire\i (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \Isentire\i 'feel')\c
<hw>dissenter</hw> \K/dI"sEnt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person who dissents.\p\B2\b \B(Dissenter)\b \BBrit.\b \ITheol\i a member of a non-established Church; a Nonconformist.
<hw>dissentient</hw> \K/dI"sEnSI\F'\nnt/, /-S(\F'\n)nt/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i disagreeing with a majority or official view.\p\In.\i\pa person who dissents. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idissentire\i (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \Isentire\i 'feel')\c
<hw>dissertation</hw> \K/dIs\F'\n"teIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IEducation\i a detailed discourse on a subject, esp. one submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of a degree or diploma. \Bdissertational\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idissertatio\i from \Idissertare\i 'discuss', frequentative of \Idisserere dissert-\i 'examine' (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \Iserere\i 'join')\c
<hw>disservice</hw> \K/dI(s)"s\F'\n:vIs/\k\p\In.\i\pan ill turn; an injury, esp. done when trying to help.\Kdisserve omitted Sep 93\k
<hw>dissever</hw> \K/dI(s)"sEv\F'\n/\k \Iv.tr. & intr.\i sever; divide into parts. \Bdisseverance\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdisseverment\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Anglo-French \Idis(c)everer,\i Old French \Idessevrer\i from Late Latin \Idisseparare\i (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \J\Xseparate\x)\j\c
<hw>dissidence</hw> \K/"dIsId(\F'\n)ns/\k\p\In.\i\pdisagreement; dissent. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Idissidence\i or Latin \Idissidentia\i (as \J\Xdissident\x)\j\c
<hw>dissident</hw> \K/"dIsId(\F'\n)nt/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IPolit\i \Iadj.\i disagreeing, esp. with an established government, system, etc.\p\In.\i\pa dissident person. \BEtymology:\b \3French, or from Latin \Idissidere\i 'disagree' (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \Isedere\i 'sit')\c
<hw>dissimilar</hw> \K/dI"sImIl\F'\n/\k \Iadj.\i \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i unlike, not similar. \Bdissimilarity\b \K/-"larIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies).\b \Bdissimilarly\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>dissimilate</hw> \K/dI"sImIleIt/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i \IPhonet.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i change (a sound or sounds in a word) to another when the word originally had identical sounds near each other, as in \Icinnamon,\i originally \Icinnamom.\i\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i (of a sound) be changed in this way. \Bdissimilation\b \K/-"leIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bdissimilatory\b \K/-l\F'\nt(\F'\n)ri/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idissimilis\i (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \Isimilis\i 'like'), on the pattern of \Iassimilate\i\c
<hw>dissipate</hw> \K/"dIsIpeIt/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \Itr.\i cause (a cloud, vapour, fear, darkness, etc.) to disappear or disperse. \Bb\b \Iintr.\i disperse, scatter, disappear.\p\B2\b \Iintr. & tr.\i break up; bring or come to nothing.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i squander or fritter away (money, energy, etc.).\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i (as \Bdissipated\b \Iadj.)\i given to dissipation, dissolute. \Bdissipater\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdissipative\b \Iadj.\i \Bdissipator\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idissipare dissipat-\i (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \Isupare\i 'throw')\c
<hw>dissipation</hw> \K/dIsI"peIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b intemperate, dissolute, or debauched living.\p\B2\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bof)\b\i wasteful expenditure \3(dissipation of resources).\c\p\B3\b scattering, dispersion, or disintegration.\p\B4\b a frivolous amusement. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Idissipation\i or Latin \Idissipatio\i (as \J\Xdissipate\x)\j\c
<hw>dissociate</hw> \K/dI"s\F'\nUSIeIt/, /-sI-/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr. & intr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bfrom)\b\i disconnect or become disconnected; separate \3(dissociated her from their guilt).\c\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \IChem.\i decompose, esp. reversibly.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \IPsychol.\i cause (a person's mind) to develop more than one centre of consciousness.\p\1dissociate oneself from\c\p\B1\b declare oneself unconnected with.\p\B2\b decline to support or agree with (a proposal etc.). \Bdissociative\b \K/-\F'\ntIv/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idissociare\i (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \Isocius\i 'companion')\c
<hw>dissociated personality</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPsychol.\i the pathological coexistence of two or more distinct personalities in the same person.
<hw>dissociation</hw> \K/dI%s\F'\nUSI"eIS(\F'\n)n/, /-sI-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or an instance of dissociating.\p\B2\b \IPsychol.\i the state of suffering from dissociated personality.
<hw>dissoluble</hw> \K/dI"sQljUb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i able to be disintegrated, loosened, or disconnected; soluble. \Bdissolubility\b \K/-"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bdissolubly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Idissoluble\i or Latin \Idissolubilis\i (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \J\Xsoluble\x)\j\c
<hw>dissolute</hw> \K/"dIs\F'\nlu:t/\k \Iadj.\i lax in morals; licentious. \Bdissolutely\b \Iadv.\i \Bdissoluteness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Idissolutus,\i past part. of \Idissolvere\i \J\Xdissolve\x\j\c
<hw>dissolution</hw> \K/dIs\F'\n"lu:S(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b disintegration; decomposition.\p\B2\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bof)\b\i the undoing or relaxing of a bond, esp. a marriage, a partnership, or an alliance.\p\B3\b \IPolit\i the dismissal or dispersal of an assembly, esp. of a parliament at the end of its term.\p\B4\b death.\p\B5\b bringing or coming to an end; fading away; disappearance.\p\B6\b dissipation; debauchery. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Idissolution\i or Latin \Idissolutio\i (as \J\Xdissolve\x)\j\c
<hw>dissolve</hw> \K/dI"zQlv/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr. & intr.\i incorporate or become incorporated into a liquid so as to form a solution.\p\B2\b \Iintr. & tr.\i disappear or cause to disappear gradually.\p\B3\b \IPolit\i \Ba\b \Itr.\i dismiss or disperse (an assembly, esp. Parliament). \Bb\b \Iintr.\i (of an assembly) be dissolved \I(cf.\i \J\Xdissolution\x 3).\j\p\B4\b \Itr.\i annul or put an end to (a partnership, marriage, etc.).\p\B5\b \Iintr.\i (of a person) become enfeebled or emotionally overcome \3(completely dissolved when he saw her;\c \2dissolved into tears).\c\p\B6\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Binto)\b\i \ICinematog.\i change gradually (from one picture into another).\p\In.\i\p\ICinematog.\i the act or process of dissolving a picture. \Bdissolvable\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Idissolvere dissolut-\i (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \Isolvere\i 'loosen')\c
<hw>dissolvent</hw> \K/dI"zQlv(\F'\n)nt/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i tending to dissolve or dissipate.\p\In.\i\pa dissolvent substance. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idissolvere\i (as \J\Xdissolve\x)\j\c
<hw>dissonant</hw> \K/"dIs(\F'\n)n\F'\nnt/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IMus.\i harsh-toned; inharmonious.\p\B2\b incongruous; clashing. \Bdissonance\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdissonantly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Idissonant\i or Latin \Idissonare\i (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \Isonare\i 'sound')\c
<hw>dissuade</hw> \K/dI"sweId/\k \Iv.tr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bfrom)\b\i discourage (a person); persuade against \3(dissuaded him from continuing;\c \2was dissuaded from his belief).\c \Bdissuader\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdissuasion\b \K/-"sweIZ(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bdissuasive\b \K/-"sweIsIv/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idissuadere\i (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \Isuadere suas-\i 'persuade')\c
<hw>dissymmetry</hw> \K/dI"sImItri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b lack of symmetry. \Bb\b an instance of this.\p\B2\b \ISci\i symmetry as of mirror images or the left and right hands (esp. of crystals with two corresponding forms). \Bdissymmetrical\b \K/-"mEtrIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i
<hw>distaff</hw> \K/"dIstA:f/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a cleft stick holding wool or flax wound for spinning by hand. \Bb\b the corresponding part of a spinning wheel.\p\B2\b women's work. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Idistµf\i (as \J\Xstaff\x (1)),\j the first element being apparently related to Low German \Idiesse,\i Middle Low German \Idise(ne)\i 'bunch of flax'\c
<hw>distaff side</hw>\p\In.\i\pthe female side or members of a family etc. \I(opp.\i \J\Xspear side\x).\j
<hw>distal</hw> \K/"dIst(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \IAnat.\i situated away from the centre of the body or point of attachment \I(opp.\i \J\Xproximal\x).\j \Bdistally\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xdistant\x\j + \J\X-al\x\j\c
<hw>distance</hw> \K/"dIst(\F'\n)ns/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the condition of being far off; remoteness.\p\B2\b \Ba\b a space or interval between two things. \Bb\b the length of this \3(a distance of twenty miles).\c\p\B3\b a distant point or place \3(came from a distance).\c\p\B4\b the avoidance of familiarity; aloofness; reserve \3(there was a certain distance between them).\c\p\B5\b a remoter field of vision \3(saw him in the distance).\c\p\B6\b an interval of time \3(can't remember what happened at this distance).\c\p\B7\b \Ba\b \ISport\i the full length of a race etc. \Bb\b \BBrit.\b \IRacing\i a length of 240 yards from the winning post on a racecourse. \Bc\b \IBoxing\i the scheduled length of a fight. \Iv.tr.\i \I(often \Brefl.)\b\i\p\B1\b place far off \3(distanced herself from them;\c \2distanced the painful memory).\c\p\B2\b leave far behind in a race or competition.\p\1at a distance\c far off.\p\1go the distance\c\p\B1\b \IBoxing\i complete a fight without being knocked out.\p\B2\b complete, esp. a hard task; endure an ordeal.\p\1keep one's distance\c maintain one's reserve.\p\1within hailing (or walking) distance\c near enough to reach by hailing or walking. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Idistance,\i \Idestance\i from Latin \Idistantia,\i from \Idistare\i 'stand apart' (as \J\Xdi-\x (2),\j \Istare\i 'stand')\c
<hw>distance learning</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IEducation\i education by correspondence course or from broadcasts, telephone tutorials, etc.\Knew f. corpus, SOED Mar 94\k
<hw>distance post</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IRacing\i a post at the distance on a racecourse, used to disqualify runners who have not reached it by the end of the race.
<hw>distance runner</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAthletics\i an athlete who competes in long- or middle-distance races.
<hw>distant</hw> \K/"dIst(\F'\n)nt/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b far away in space or time. \Bb\b \I(usu. \Bpredic.;\b\i \Ioften foll. by \Bfrom)\b\i at a specified distance \3(three miles distant from them).\c\p\B2\b remote or far apart in position, time, resemblance, etc. \3(a distant prospect;\c \2a distant relation;\c \2a distant likeness).\c\p\B3\b not intimate; reserved; cool \3(a distant nod).\c\p\B4\b remote; abstracted \3(a distant stare).\c\p\B5\b faint, vague \3(he was a distant memory to her).\c \Bdistantly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Idistant\i or Latin \Idistant-,\i part. stem of \Idistare:\i see \J\Xdistance\x\j\c
<hw>distant early warning</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i a radar system in North America for the early detection of a missile attack.
<hw>distant signal</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IRailways\i a railway signal preceding a home signal to give warning.
<hw>distaste</hw> \K/dIs"teIst/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(usu. foll. by \Bfor)\b\i dislike; repugnance; aversion, esp. slight \3(a distaste for prunes;\c \2a distaste for polite company).\c \Bdistasteful\b \Iadj.\i \Bdistastefully\b \Iadv.\i \Bdistastefulness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>distemper (1)</hw> \K/dI"stEmp\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b a kind of paint using glue or size instead of an oil-base, for use on walls or for scene-painting.\p\B2\b a method of mural and poster painting using this. \Iv.tr.\i \BBrit.\b paint (walls etc.) with distemper. \BEtymology:\b \3earlier as verb, in the sense 'dilute, steep': from Old French \Idestremper\i or Late Latin \Idistemperare\i 'soak, macerate': see \J\Xdistemper\x (2)\j\c
<hw>distemper (2)</hw> \K/dI"stEmp\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool\i a viral disease of some animals, esp. dogs, causing fever, coughing, and catarrh.\p\B2\b \Iarchaic\i political disorder. \BEtymology:\b \3earlier as verb, in the sense 'upset, derange': Middle English from Late Latin \Idistemperare\i (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \Itemperare\i 'mingle correctly')\c
<hw>distend</hw> \K/dI"stEnd/\k \Iv.tr. & intr.\i swell out by pressure from within \3(distended stomach).\c \Bdistensible\b \K/-"stEnsIb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Bdistensibility\b \K/-"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bdistension\b \K/-"stEnS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Idistendere\i (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \Itendere tens-\i 'stretch')\c
<hw>distich</hw> \K/"dIstIk/\k\p\In.\i\p\IProsody\i a pair of verse lines; a couplet. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idistichon\i from Greek \Idistikhon\i (as \J\Xdi-\x (1),\j \Istikhos\i 'line')\c
<hw>distichous</hw> \K/"dIstIk\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i \IBot.\i arranged in two opposite vertical rows. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idistichus\i (as \J\Xdistich\x)\j\c
<hw>distil</hw> \K/dI"stIl/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B(US\b \Bdistill)\b \B(distilled,\b \Bdistilling)\b\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \IChem.\i purify (a liquid) by vaporizing it with heat, then condensing it with cold and collecting the resulting liquid.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b \IChem.\i extract the essence of (a plant etc.) usu. by heating it in a solvent. \Bb\b extract the essential meaning or implications of (an idea etc.).\p\B3\b \Itr.\i make (whisky, essence, etc.) by distilling raw materials.\p\B4\b \Itr.\i \I(foll. by \Boff,\b \Bout)\b\i \IChem.\i drive (a volatile constituent) off or out by heat.\p\B5\b \Itr. & intr.\i come as or give forth in drops; exude.\p\B6\b \Iintr.\i undergo distillation. \Bdistillatory\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Idistillare,\i from \Idestillare\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Istilla\i 'drop')\c
<hw>distillate</hw> \K/"dIstIleIt/\k\p\In.\i\pa product of distillation.
<hw>distillation</hw> \K/dIstI"leIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i\p\B1\b the process of distilling or being distilled (in various senses).\p\B2\b something distilled.
<hw>distiller</hw> \K/dI"stIl\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IDrink\i a person who distils, esp. a manufacturer of alcoholic liquor.
<hw>distillery</hw> \K/dI"stIl\F'\nri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IDrink\i a place where alcoholic liquor is distilled.
<hw>distinct</hw> \K/dI"stIN(k)t/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bfrom)\b\i \Ba\b not identical; separate; individual. \Bb\b different in kind or quality; unlike.\p\B2\b \Ba\b clearly perceptible; plain. \Bb\b clearly understandable; definite.\p\B3\b unmistakable, decided \3(had a distinct impression of being watched).\c \Bdistinctly\b \Iadv.\i \Bdistinctness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Idistinctus,\i past part. of \Idistinguere\i \J\Xdistinguish\x\j\c \IDistinct\i is sometimes confused with \Idistinctive.\i Note the difference in sense between \IThere was a distinct smell of soap in the bathroom\i (an unmistakable, clearly perceptible smell), and \IThe hall had its own distinctive smell of polish\i (a characteristic smell).
<hw>distinction</hw> \K/dI"stIN(k)S(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the act or an instance of discriminating or distinguishing. \Bb\b the difference made by distinguishing.\p\B2\b \Ba\b something that differentiates, e.g. a mark, name, or title. \Bb\b the fact of being different.\p\B3\b special consideration or honour.\p\B4\b distinguished character; excellence; eminence \3(a film of distinction;\c \2shows distinction in his bearing).\c\p\B5\b \IEducation\i a grade in an examination denoting great excellence \3(passed with distinction).\c\p\1distinction without a difference\c a merely nominal or artificial distinction. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Idistinctio -onis\i (as \J\Xdistinguish\x)\j\c
\B\IdistinguΘ\b\i \K/dI"staNgeI/, French /distE~ge/\k \Iadj.\i \I(fem.\i \B\IdistinguΘe\b\i \Ipronunc.\i same) having a distinguished air, features, manner, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3French, past part. of \Idistinguer:\i see \J\Xdistinguish\x\j\c
<hw>distinguish</hw> \K/dI"stINgwIS/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bfrom)\b\i \Ba\b see or point out the difference of; draw distinctions between \3(cannot distinguish one from the other).\c \Bb\b constitute such a difference \3(the mole distinguishes him from his twin).\c \Bc\b treat as different; differentiate \3(do not distinguish the mind from the body).\c\p\B2\b \Itr.\i be a mark or property of; characterize \3(distinguished by his greed).\c\p\B3\b \Itr.\i discover by listening, looking, etc. \3(could distinguish two voices).\c\p\B4\b \Itr.\i \I(usu. \Brefl.;\b\i \Ioften foll. by \Bby)\b\i make prominent or noteworthy \3(distinguished himself by winning first prize).\c\p\B5\b \Itr.\i \I(often foll. by \Binto)\b\i divide; classify.\p\B6\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bbetween)\b\i make or point out a difference between. \Bdistinguishable\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Idistinguer\i or Latin \Idistinguere\i (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \Istinguere stinct-\i 'extinguish'): cf. \J\Xextinguish\x\j\c
<hw>distinguished</hw> \K/dI"stINgwISt/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bfor,\b \Bby)\b\i of high standing; eminent; famous.\p\B2\b = \J\XdistinguΘ\x.\j
<hw>distort</hw> \K/dI"stO:t/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b put out of shape; make crooked or unshapely. \Bb\b distort the appearance of, esp. by curved mirrors etc.\p\B2\b misrepresent (motives, facts, statements, etc.).\p\B3\b change the form of (an electrical signal) during transmission, amplification, etc.\Ksense 3 new f. News, NSOED Sep 93\k \Bdistortedly\b \Iadv.\i \Bdistortedness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idistorquere distort-\i (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \Itorquere\i 'twist')\c
<hw>distortion</hw> \K/dI"stO:S(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or an instance of distorting; the process of being distorted.\p\B2\b \IElectronics\i a change in the form of a signal during transmission etc. usu. with some impairment of quality. \Bdistortional\b \Iadj.\i \Bdistortionless\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idistortio\i (as \J\Xdistort\x)\j\c
<hw>distract</hw> \K/dI"strakt/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bfrom)\b\i draw away the attention of (a person, the mind, etc.).\p\B2\b bewilder, perplex.\p\B3\b (as \Bdistracted\b \Iadj.)\i troubled or distraught \3(distracted by grief;\c \2distracted with worry).\c\p\B4\b amuse, esp. in order to take the attention from pain or worry. \Bdistractedly\b \Iadv.\i \Bdistractor\b\p\In.\i\p\K-or new f. corpus, SOED Mar 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Idistrahere distract-\i (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \Itrahere\i 'draw')\c
<hw>distraction</hw> \K/dI"strakS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the act of distracting, esp. the mind. \Bb\b something that distracts; an interruption.\p\B2\b a relaxation from work; an amusement.\p\B3\b a lack of concentration.\p\B4\b confusion; perplexity.\p\B5\b frenzy; madness.\p\1to distraction\c almost to a state of madness. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Idistraction\i or Latin \Idistractio\i (as \J\Xdistract\x)\j\c
<hw>distrain</hw> \K/dI"streIn/\k \Iv.intr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bupon)\b\i \ILaw\i impose distraint (on a person, goods, etc.). \Kdistrainee omitted Sep 93\k\Bdistrainer\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdistrainment\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdistrainor\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Idestreindre\i from Latin \Idistringere\i (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \Istringere strict-\i 'draw tight')\c
<hw>distraint</hw> \K/dI"streInt/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i the seizure of chattels to make a person pay rent etc. or meet an obligation, or to obtain satisfaction by their sale. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xdistrain\x,\j on the pattern of \Iconstraint\i\c
<hw>distrait</hw> \K/dI"streI/, /"dIstreI/\k \Iadj.\i \I(fem.\i \Bdistraite\b \K/-"streIt/\k) not paying attention; absent-minded; distraught. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Idestrait,\i past part. of \Idestraire\i (as \J\Xdistract\x)\j\c
<hw>distraught</hw> \K/dI"strO:t/\k \Iadj.\i distracted with worry, fear, etc.; extremely agitated. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, alteration of obsolete \Idistract\i \I(adj.)\i (as \J\Xdistract\x),\j influenced by \Istraught,\i obsolete past part. of \J\Xstretch\x\j\c
<hw>distress</hw> \K/dI"strEs/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b severe pain, sorrow, anguish, etc.\p\B2\b the lack of money or comforts.\p\B3\b \ILaw\i = \J\Xdistraint\x.\j\p\B4\b \IMed\i breathlessness; exhaustion. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b subject to distress; exhaust, afflict.\p\B2\b cause anxiety to; make unhappy; vex.\p\1in distress\c\p\B1\b suffering or in danger.\p\B2\b \INaut Aeron\i (of a ship, aircraft, etc.) in danger or damaged. \Bdistressful\b \Iadj.\i \Bdistressingly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Idestresse\i etc., Anglo-French \Idestresser,\i Old French \I-ecier\i from Gallo-Roman (as \J\Xdistrain\x)\j\c
<hw>distressed</hw> \K/dI"strEst/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b suffering from distress.\p\B2\b impoverished \3(distressed gentlefolk;\c \2in distressed circumstances).\c\p\B3\b \IFurniture Fashion\i (of furniture, leather, etc.) having simulated marks of age and wear.
<hw>distressed area</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ISociol\i a region of high unemployment and poverty.
<hw>distress signal</hw>\p\In.\i\p\INaut\i a signal from a ship in danger.
<hw>distress warrant</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i a warrant authorizing distraint.
<hw>distributary</hw> \K/dI"strIbjUt(\F'\n)ri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IGeog\i a branch of a river or glacier that does not return to the main stream after leaving it (as in a delta).
<hw>distribute</hw> \K/dI"strIbju:t/, \Idisp.\i /"dIstrIbju:t/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b give shares of; deal out.\p\B2\b spread about; scatter \3(distributed the seeds evenly over the garden).\c\p\B3\b divide into parts; arrange; classify.\p\B4\b \IPrinting\i separate (type that has been set up) and return the characters to their separate boxes.\p\B5\b \ILogic\i use (a term) to include every individual of the class to which it refers. \Bdistributable\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Idistribuere distribut-\i (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \Itribuere\i 'assign')\c The second pronunciation given, with the stress on the first syllable, is considered incorrect by some people.
<hw>distributed system</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IComputing\i a number of independent computers linked by a network.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Jan 94\k
<hw>distribution</hw> \K/dIstrI"bju:S(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or an instance of distributing; the process of being distributed.\p\B2\b \IEcon.\i \Ba\b the dispersal of goods etc. among consumers, brought about by commerce. \Bb\b the extent to which different groups, classes, or individuals share in the total production or wealth of a community.\p\B3\b \IStatistics\i the way in which a characteristic is spread over members of a class. \Bdistributional\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Idistribution\i or Latin \Idistributio\i (as \J\Xdistribute\x)\j\c
<hw>distributive</hw> \K/dI"strIbjUtIv/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of, concerned with, or produced by distribution.\p\B2\b \ILogic\i & \IGram.\i (of a pronoun etc.) referring to each individual of a class, not to the class collectively (e.g. \Ieach,\i \Ieither).\i\p\In.\i\p\IGram.\i a distributive word. \Bdistributively\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from French \Idistributif -ive\i or Late Latin \Idistributivus\i (as \J\Xdistribute\x)\j\c
<hw>distributor</hw> \K/dI"strIbjUt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person or thing that distributes.\p\B2\b \ICommerce\i an agent who supplies goods.\p\B3\b \IElectr.\i a device in an internal-combustion engine for passing current to each spark plug in turn.
<hw>district</hw> \K/"dIstrIkt/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \I(often \Battrib.)\b\i a territory marked off for special administrative etc. purposes. \Bb\b \BBrit.\b a division of a county or region electing its own councillors.\p\B2\b an area which has common characteristics; a region \3(the wine-growing district).\c \Iv.tr.\i \BUS\b divide into districts. \BEtymology:\b \3French from medieval Latin \Idistrictus\i '(territory of) jurisdiction' (as \J\Xdistrain\x)\j\c
<hw>district attorney</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i (in the US) the prosecuting officer of a district.
<hw>district court</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i (in the US) the federal or state court of first instance.
<hw>district heating</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IEngin\i a supply of heat or hot water from one source to a district or a group of buildings.
<hw>district nurse</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IMed\i a peripatetic nurse serving a rural or urban area.
<hw>district visitor</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IRelig\i a person working for a member of the clergy in a section of a parish.
<hw>distrust</hw> \K/dIs"trVst/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\pa lack of trust; doubt; suspicion. \Iv.tr.\i have no trust or confidence in; doubt. \Bdistruster\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdistrustful\b \Iadj.\i \Bdistrustfully\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>disturb</hw> \K/dI"st\F'\n:b/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b break the rest, calm, or quiet of; interrupt.\p\B2\b agitate; worry \3(your story disturbs me).\c\p\B3\b move from a settled position, disarrange \3(the papers had been disturbed).\c\p\B4\b (as \Bdisturbed\b \Iadj.)\i \IPsychol.\i emotionally or mentally unstable or abnormal. \Bdisturber\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdisturbing\b \Iadj.\i \Bdisturbingly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Idesto(u)rber\i from Latin \Idisturbare\i (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \Iturbare\i from \Iturba\i 'tumult')\c
<hw>disturbance</hw> \K/dI"st\F'\n:b(\F'\n)ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or an instance of disturbing; the process of being disturbed.\p\B2\b a tumult; an uproar.\p\B3\b agitation; worry.\p\B4\b an interruption.\p\B5\b \ILaw\i interference with rights or property; molestation. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Idesto(u)rbance\i (as \J\Xdisturb\x)\j\c
<hw>disulphide</hw> \K/dVI"sVlfVId/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Bdisulfide)\b \IChem.\i a binary chemical containing two atoms of sulphur in each molecule.
<hw>disuse</hw> \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\K/dIs"ju:s/\k\p\B1\b lack of use or practice; discontinuance.\p\B2\b a disused state. \Iv.tr.\i \K/dIs"ju:z/\k cease to use.\p\1fall into disuse\c cease to be used. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Idesuser\i (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j \J\Xuse\x)\j\c
<hw>disutility</hw> \K/dIsju:"tIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b harmfulness, injuriousness.\p\B2\b a factor tending to nullify the utility of something; a drawback.
<hw>disyllable</hw> \K/dVI"sIl\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/, /dI-/, /"dVIsIl-/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bdissyllable\b \K/dI"sIl-/\k) \IProsody\i a word or metrical foot of two syllables. \Bdisyllabic\b \K/-"labIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Idisyllabe\i via Latin \Idisyllabus\i from Greek \Idisullabos\i (as \J\Xdi-\x (1),\j \J\Xsyllable\x)\j\c
<hw>dit</hw> \K/dIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITelegraphy\i (in the Morse system) = \J\Xdot\x (1)\p\In.\i\p3\j \I(cf.\i \J\Xdah\x).\j \BEtymology:\b \3imitative\c
<hw>ditch</hw> \K/dItS/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a long narrow excavated channel esp. for drainage or to mark a boundary.\p\B2\b a watercourse, stream, etc.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i make or repair ditches \3(hedging and ditching).\c\p\B2\b \Itr.\i provide with ditches; drain.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \Icolloq.\i leave in the lurch; abandon.\p\B4\b \Itr.\i \Icolloq.\i \Ba\b bring (an aircraft) down on the sea in an emergency. \Bb\b drive (a vehicle) into a ditch.\p\B5\b \Iintr.\i \IAeron\i \Icolloq.\i (of an aircraft) make a forced landing on the sea.\p\B6\b \Itr.\i \BUS\b \IRailways\i derail (a train). \Bditcher\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Idic,\i of unknown origin: cf. \J\Xdyke\x (1)\j\c
<hw>ditchwater</hw> \K/"dItSwO:t\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pstagnant water in a ditch.\p\1dull as ditchwater\c extremely dull.
<hw>ditheism</hw> \K/"dVITIIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITheol.\i\p\B1\b a belief in two gods; dualism.\p\B2\b a belief in equal independent ruling principles of good and evil. \Bditheist\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>dither</hw> \K/"dID\F'\n/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.intr.\i\p\B1\b hesitate; be indecisive.\p\B2\b \Idial.\i tremble; quiver.\p\In.\i\p\Icolloq.\i\p\B1\b a state of agitation or apprehension.\p\B2\b a state of hesitation; indecisiveness.\p\1all of a dither\c \Icolloq.\i in a state of extreme agitation or vacillation. \Bditherer\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdithery\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3variant of dialect \Ididder\i related to \J\Xdodder\x (1)\j\c
<hw>dithyramb</hw> \K/"dITIram(b)/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMus\i \Ba\b a wild choral hymn in ancient Greece, esp. to Dionysus. \Bb\b a Bacchanalian song.\p\B2\b a passionate or inflated poem, speech, etc. \Bdithyrambic\b \K/-"rambIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idithyrambus\i from Greek \Idithurambos,\i of unknown origin\c
<hw>ditsy</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xditzy\x.\j
<hw>dittany</hw> \K/"dIt\F'\nni/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IBot\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b (in full \Bdittany of Crete)\b a dwarf shrub, Origanum dictamnus (mint family), with woolly leaves. \Bb\b \BUS\b a similar herb, Cunila origanoides.\p\B2\b = \J\Xfraxinella\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Idita(i)n,\i medieval Latin \Idictamus,\i and Latin \Idictamnus\i from Greek \Idiktamnon,\i perhaps from \IDikte,\i the name of a mountain in Crete\c
<hw>ditto</hw> \K/"dIt\F'\nU/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b\p\B1\b (in accounts, inventories, lists, etc.) the aforesaid, the same.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i (replacing a word or phrase to avoid repetition) the same \3(came in late last night and ditto the night before).\c\p\B3\b a similar thing; a duplicate. \Iv.tr.\i \B(-oes,\b \B-oed)\b repeat (another's action or words).\p\1say ditto to\c \Icolloq.\i agree with; endorse.\Kcer\k \BEtymology:\b \3Italian dialect from Latin \Idictus,\i past part. of \Idicere\i 'say'\c In sense 1, the word \Iditto\i is often replaced by ditto marks under the word or sum to be repeated.
<hw>dittography</hw> \K/dI"tQgr\F'\nfi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b a copyist's mistaken repetition of a letter, word, or phrase.\p\B2\b an example of this. \Bdittographic\b \K/-"grafIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Idittos\i 'double' + \J\X-graphy\x\j\c
<hw>ditto marks</hw> \In.pl.\i two commas (&ditto.) etc. representing 'ditto'.
<hw>ditty</hw> \K/"dIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IMus\i a short simple song. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \IditΘ\i 'composition' from Latin \Idictatum,\i neut. past part. of \Idictare\i \J\Xdictate\x\j\c
<hw>ditty bag</hw> \K/"dIti/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bditty box)\b \INaut\i a sailor's or fisherman's receptacle for odds and ends. \BEtymology:\b \319th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>ditzy</hw> \K/"dItsi/\k \Iadj.\i (also \Bditsy)\b \BN. Amer.\b \Islang\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b silly or foolish. \Bb\b conceited.\p\B2\b cute.\p\B3\b (of a thing) fussy, intricate.\Knew in COD9 f. corpus Mar 94\k \BEtymology:\b \320th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>diuresis</hw> \K/dVIjU(\F'\n)"ri:sIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed.\i increased excretion of urine, esp. in excess. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from Greek (as \J\Xdi-\x (3),\j \Iouresis\i 'urination')\c
<hw>diuretic</hw> \K/dVIjU(\F'\n)"rEtIk/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IPharm\i \Iadj.\i causing increased output of urine.\p\In.\i\pa diuretic drug. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Idiuretique\i or Late Latin \Idiureticus\i from Greek \Idiouretikos,\i from \Idioureo\i 'urinate'\c
<hw>diurnal</hw> \K/dVI"\F'\n:n(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of or during the day; not nocturnal.\p\B2\b daily; of each day.\p\B3\b \IAstron.\i occupying one day.\p\B4\b \IZool.\i (of animals) active in the daytime.\p\B5\b \IBot.\i (of plants) open only during the day. \Bdiurnally\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Late Latin \Idiurnalis\i from Latin \Idiurnus,\i from \Idies\i 'day'\c
<hw>Div.</hw> \Iabbr.\i Division.
<hw>diva</hw> \K/"di:v\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bdivas)\b \IMus\i a great or famous woman singer; a prima donna. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian from Latin, = goddess\c
<hw>divalent</hw> \K/dVI"veIl(\F'\n)nt/\k \Iadj.\i \IChem.\i having a valency of two.
<hw>divan</hw> \K/dI"van/, /dVI"van/, /"dVIvan/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IFurniture\i \Ba\b a long, low, backless sofa. \Bb\b a bed consisting of a base and mattress, usu. without a board at either end.\p\B2\b \ILaw\i an oriental State legislative body, council chamber, or court of justice.\p\B3\b \Iarchaic\i \Ba\b a cigar shop. \Bb\b a smoking room attached to such a shop. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Idivan\i or Italian \Idivano\i via Turkish \Idivan\i and Arabic \Idiwan\i from Persian \Idivan\i 'anthology, register, court, bench'\c
<hw>dive</hw> \K/dVIv/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\I(past\i and \Ipast part.\i \Bdived\b or \BUS\b also \Bdove\b \K/d\F'\nUv/\k)\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \ISport\i plunge head first into water, esp. as a sport.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \Ba\b \IAeron.\i (of an aircraft) plunge steeply downwards at speed. \Bb\b \INaut.\i (of a submarine) submerge. \Bc\b (of a person) plunge downwards.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Binto)\b\i \Icolloq.\i \Ba\b put one's hand into (a pocket, handbag, container, etc.) quickly and deeply. \Bb\b occupy oneself suddenly and enthusiastically with (a subject, meal, etc.).\p\B4\b \Itr.\i \I(foll. by \Binto)\b\i plunge (a hand etc.) into.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an act of diving; a plunge.\p\B2\b \Ba\b the submerging of a submarine. \Bb\b the steep descent of an aircraft.\p\B3\b a sudden darting movement.\p\B4\b \Icolloq.\i a disreputable nightclub etc.; a drinking den \3(found themselves in a low dive).\c\p\B5\b \IBoxing\i \Islang\i a pretended knockout \3(took a dive in the second round).\c\p\Bdive in\b \Icolloq.\i help oneself (to food). \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Idufan\i \I(v.intr.)\i 'dive, sink', and \Idyfan\i \I(v.tr.)\i 'immerse', from Germanic: related to \J\Xdeep\x,\j \J\Xdip\x\j\c
<hw>dive-bomb</hw> \Iv.tr.\i \IMil Aeron\i bomb (a target) while diving in an aircraft. \Bdive-bomber\b\p\In.\i\p\Kdive-bomber subsumed Aug 92 aaw\k
<hw>diver</hw> \K/"dVIv\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IDiving\i a person who dives.\p\B2\b \Ba\b a person who wears a diving suit to work under water for long periods. \Bb\b a pearl-diver etc.\p\B3\b \IZool\i any large waterbird of the family Gaviidae, with a straight, sharply pointed bill; \Ialso called\i \J\Xloon\x.\j
<hw>diverge</hw> \K/dVI"v\F'\n:dZ/, /dI-/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \Ba\b proceed in a different direction or in different directions from a point \3(diverging rays;\c \2the path diverges here).\c \Bb\b take a different course or different courses \3(their interests diverged).\c\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \Ba\b \I(often foll. by \Bfrom)\b\i depart from a set course \3(diverged from the track;\c \2diverged from his parents' wishes).\c \Bb\b differ markedly \3(they diverged as to the best course).\c\p\B3\b \Itr.\i cause to diverge; deflect.\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i \IMath.\i (of a series) increase indefinitely as more of its terms are added. \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Idivergere\i (as \J\Xdi-\x (2),\j Latin \Ivergere\i 'incline')\c
<hw>divergent</hw> \K/dVI"v\F'\n:dZ(\F'\n)nt/, /dI-/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b diverging.\p\B2\b \IPsychol.\i (of thought) tending to reach a variety of possible solutions when analysing a problem.\p\B3\b \IMath.\i (of a series) increasing indefinitely as more of its terms are added; not convergent. \Bdivergence\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdivergency\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdivergently\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>divers</hw> \K/"dVIv\F'\nz/\k \Iadj.\i \Iarchaic\i or \Iliterary\i more than one; sundry; several. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Idiversus\i \J\Xdiverse\x\j (as \J\Xdi-\x (2),\j \Iversus,\i past part. of \Ivertere\i 'turn')\c
<hw>diverse</hw> \K/dVI"v\F'\n:s/, /"dVIv\F'\n:s/\k \Iadj.\i unlike in nature or qualities; varied. \Bdiversely\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English (as \J\Xdivers\x)\j\c
<hw>diversify</hw> \K/dVI"v\F'\n:sIfVI/, /dI-/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B(-ies,\b \B-ied)\b\p\B1\b \Itr.\i make diverse; vary; modify.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \ICommerce\i \Ba\b spread (investment) over several enterprises or products, esp. to reduce the risk of loss. \Bb\b introduce a spread of investment in (an enterprise etc.).\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Binto)\b\i \Iesp. Commerce\i (of a firm etc.) expand the range of products handled. \Bdiversification\b \K/-fI"keIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Idiversifier\i from medieval Latin \Idiversificare\i (as \J\Xdivers\x)\j\c
<hw>diversion</hw> \K/dVI"v\F'\n:S(\F'\n)n/, /dI-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the act of diverting; deviation. \Bb\b an instance of this.\p\B2\b \Ba\b the diverting of attention deliberately. \Bb\b a stratagem for this purpose \3(created a diversion to secure their escape).\c\p\B3\b a recreation or pastime.\p\B4\b \BBrit.\b an alternative route when a road is temporarily closed to traffic. \Bdiversional\b \Iadj.\i \Bdiversionary\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Idiversio\i (as \J\Xdivert\x)\j\c
<hw>diversionist</hw> \K/dVI"v\F'\n:S(\F'\n)nIst/, /dI-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person who engages in disruptive or subversive activities.\p\B2\b \IPolit.\i (esp. used by communists) a conspirator against the State; a saboteur.
<hw>diversity</hw> \K/dVI"v\F'\n:sIti/, /dI-/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b being diverse; variety.\p\B2\b a different kind; a variety. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \IdiversitΘ\i from Latin \Idiversitas -tatis\i (as \J\Xdivers\x)\j\c
<hw>divert</hw> \K/dVI"v\F'\n:t/, /dI-/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bfrom,\b \Bto)\b\i \Ba\b turn aside; deflect. \Bb\b draw the attention of; distract.\p\B2\b (often as \Bdiverting\b \Iadj.)\i entertain; amuse. \Bdivertingly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via French \Idivertir\i from Latin \Idivertere\i (as \J\Xdi-\x (2),\j \Ivertere\i 'turn')\c
<hw>diverticular</hw> \K/dVIv\F'\n"tIkjUl\F'\n/\k \Iadj.\i \IMed.\i of or relating to a diverticulum.
<hw>diverticular disease</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a condition with abdominal pain as a result of muscle spasms in the presence of diverticula.
<hw>diverticulitis</hw> \K/%dVIv\F'\ntIkjU"lVItIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed.\i inflammation of a diverticulum.
<hw>diverticulum</hw> \K/dVIv\F'\n"tIkjUl\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bdiverticula\b \K/-l\F'\n/\k) \IMed\i \IAnat.\i a blind tube formed in a cavity or passage, esp. an abnormal one in the alimentary tract. \Bdiverticulosis\b \K/-"l\F'\nUsIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin, variant of Latin \Ideverticulum\i 'byway' from \Idevertere\i (as \J\Xde-\x,\j \Ivertere\i 'turn')\c
<hw>divertimento</hw> \K/dI%v\F'\n:tI"mEnt\F'\nU/, /-%vE:t-/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bdivertimenti\b \K/-ti/\k or \B-os)\b \IMus.\i a light and entertaining composition, often in the form of a suite for chamber orchestra. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian, = diversion\c
<hw>divertissement</hw> \K/dIv"\F'\n:tIsm\F'\nnt/, /di:vE:"ti:smQ~/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a diversion; an entertainment.\p\B2\b \IDancing\i a short ballet etc. between acts or longer pieces. \BEtymology:\b \3French, from \Idivertiss-,\i stem of \Idivertir\i \J\Xdivert\x\j\c
<hw>Dives</hw> \K/"dVIvi:z/\k\p\In.\i\pa rich man. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, in Vulgate translation of the Bible, Luke 16\c
<hw>divest</hw> \K/dVI"vEst/, /dI-/\k \Iv.tr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bof;\b often \Brefl.)\b\i\p\B1\b unclothe; strip \3(divested himself of his jacket).\c\p\B2\b deprive, dispossess; free, rid \3(cannot divest himself of the idea).\c \Kdivestiture omitted Sep 93\k\Bdivestment\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdivesture\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3earlier \Idevest\i from Old French \Idesvestir\i etc. (as \J\Xdis-\x,\j Latin \Ivestire\i from \Ivestis\i 'garment')\c
<hw>divide</hw> \K/dI"vVId/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr. & intr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bin,\b \Binto)\b\i separate or be separated into parts; break up; split \3(the river divides into two;\c \2the road divides;\c \2divided them into three groups).\c\p\B2\b \Itr. & intr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bout)\b\i distribute; deal; share \3(divided it out between them).\c\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b cut off; separate; part \3(divide the sheep from the goats).\c \Bb\b mark out into parts \3(a ruler divided into inches).\c \Bc\b specify different kinds of, classify \3(people can be divided into two types).\c\p\B4\b \Itr.\i cause to disagree; set at variance \3(religion divided them).\c\p\B5\b \IMath.\i \Ba\b \Itr.\i find how many times (a number) contains another \3(divide 20 by 4).\c \Bb\b \Iintr.\i (of a number) be contained in (a number) without a remainder \3(4 divides into 20).\c \Bc\b \Iintr.\i be susceptible of division \3(10 divides by 2 and 5).\c \Bd\b \Itr.\i find how many times (a number) is contained in another \3(divide 4 into 20).\c\p\B6\b \Iintr.\i \IMath.\i do division \3(can divide well).\c\p\B7\b \IParl.\i \Ba\b \Iintr.\i (of a legislative assembly etc.) part into two groups for voting \3(the House divided).\c \Bb\b \Itr.\i so part (a Parliament etc.) for voting.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a dividing or boundary line \3(the divide between rich and poor).\c\p\B2\b \IGeog.\i a watershed.\p\1divided against itself\c formed into factions.\p\1divide and rule\c maintain supremacy by preventing opponents from joining forces.\Kidm new f. OERD, NSOED Jun 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Idividere divis-\i (as \J\Xdi-\x (2),\j \Ivid-\i 'separate')\c
<hw>divided highway</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b \ITransport\i a dual carriageway.
<hw>dividend</hw> \K/"dIvIdEnd/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ICommerce\i \Ba\b a sum of money to be divided among a number of persons, esp. that paid by a company to shareholders. \Bb\b a similar sum payable to winners in a football pool, to members of a cooperative, or to creditors of an insolvent estate. \Bc\b an individual's share of a dividend.\p\B2\b \IMath.\i a number to be divided by a divisor.\p\B3\b a benefit from any action \3(their long training paid dividends).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Anglo-French \Idividende\i from Latin \Idividendum\i (as \J\Xdivide\x)\j\c
<hw>dividend-stripping</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ICommerce\i the evasion of tax on dividends by arrangement between the company liable to pay tax and another able to claim repayment of tax.
<hw>dividend warrant</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ICommerce\i the documentary authority for a shareholder to receive a dividend.
<hw>dividend yield</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i a dividend expressed as a percentage of a current share price.
<hw>divider</hw> \K/dI"vVId\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IFurniture\i a screen, piece of furniture, etc., dividing a room into two parts.\p\B2\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \IMath\i a measuring compass, esp. with a screw for setting small intervals.
<hw>divi-divi</hw> \K/"dIvI%dIvi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bdivi-divis)\b \IBot\i\p\B1\b a small tree, Caesalpinia coriaria, native to tropical America, bearing curved pods.\p\B2\b this pod used as a source of tannin. \BEtymology:\b \3Carib\c
<hw>divination</hw> \K/dIvI"neIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b supposed insight into the future or the unknown gained by supernatural means.\p\B2\b \Ba\b a skilful and accurate forecast. \Bb\b a good guess. \Bdivinatory\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Idivination\i or Latin \Idivinatio\i (as \J\Xdivine\x)\j\c
<hw>divine</hw> \K/dI"vVIn/\k \Iadj., v., & n.\i \Iadj.\i \B(diviner,\b \Bdivinest)\b\p\B1\b \IRelig\i \Ba\b of, from, or like God or a god. \Bb\b devoted to God; sacred \3(divine service).\c\p\B2\b \Ba\b more than humanly excellent, gifted, or beautiful. \Bb\b \Icolloq.\i excellent; delightful.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i discover by guessing, intuition, inspiration, or magic.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i foresee, predict, conjecture.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i practise divination.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IRelig\i a cleric, usu. an expert in theology.\p\B2\b \B(the Divine)\b \IRelig\i providence or God. \Bdivinely\b \Iadv.\i \Bdivineness\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdiviner\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdivinize\b \K/"dIvI-/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise).\b \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Idevin -ine\i from Latin \Idivinus,\i from \Idivus\i 'godlike'\c
<hw>divine right of kings</hw>\p\In.\i\pthe doctrine that kings derive their sovereignty and authority from God, not from their subjects.
<hw>diving beetle</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a predatory water beetle of the family Dytiscidae which stores air under the elytra while diving.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Jan 94\k
<hw>diving bell</hw>\p\In.\i\p\INaut\i an open-bottomed box or bell, supplied with air, in which a person can descend into deep water.
<hw>diving board</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ISport\i an elevated board used for diving from.
<hw>diving duck</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a duck that habitually dives for food, esp. one of the tribe Aythyini, which includes the pochard, scaup, etc.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Jun 94\k
<hw>diving suit</hw>\p\In.\i\p\INaut\i a watertight suit usu. with a helmet and an air supply, worn for working under water.
<hw>divinity</hw> \K/dI"vInIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IRelig\i\p\B1\b the state or quality of being divine.\p\B2\b \Ba\b a god; a divine being. \Bb\b (as \Bthe Divinity)\b God.\p\B3\b the study of religion; theology. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \IdivinitΘ\i from Latin \Idivinitas -tatis\i (as \J\Xdivine\x)\j\c
<hw>divisible</hw> \K/dI"vIzIb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \I\Iesp.\i Math\i\p\B1\b capable of being divided, physically or mentally.\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bby)\b\i \IMath.\i containing (a number) a number of times without a remainder \3(15 is divisible by 3 and 5).\c \Bdivisibility\b \K/-"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Idivisible\i or Late Latin \Idivisibilis\i (as \J\Xdivide\x)\j\c
<hw>division</hw> \K/dI"vIZ(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or an instance of dividing; the process of being divided.\p\B2\b \IMath.\i the process of dividing one number by another (see also \J\Xlong division\x,\j \J\Xshort division\x).\j\p\B3\b disagreement or discord \3(division of opinion).\c\p\B4\b \IParl.\i the separation of members of a legislative body into two sets for counting votes for and against.\p\B5\b one of two or more parts into which a thing is divided.\p\B6\b a major unit of administration or organization, esp.: \Ba\b \IMil\i a group of army brigades or regiments. \Bb\b \ISport\i a grouping of teams within a league, \BBrit.\b usu. by ability.\p\B7\b \Ba\b a district defined for administrative purposes. \Bb\b \BBrit.\b \IPolit\i a part of a county or borough returning a Member of Parliament.\p\B8\b \Ba\b \IBot.\i a major taxonomic grouping. \Bb\b \IZool.\i a subsidiary category between major levels of classification.\p\B9\b \ILogic\i a classification of kinds, parts, or senses.\p\1division of labour\c \IEcon\i the improvement of efficiency by giving different parts of a manufacturing process etc. to different people. \Bdivisional\b \Iadj.\i \Bdivisionally\b \Iadv.\i \Bdivisionary\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Idivisiun\i from Latin \Idivisio -onis\i (as \J\Xdivide\x)\j\c
<hw>divisionalize</hw> \K/dI"vIZ(\F'\n)n(\F'\n)lVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b \I(also \Babsol.)\b\i \ICommerce\i organize (a company etc.) into separate divisions.\Knew f. SOED Sep 93\k \Bdivisionalization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>division sign</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMath\i the sign (≈) indicating that one quantity is to be divided by another.
<hw>divisive</hw> \K/dI"vVIsIv/\k \Iadj.\i tending to divide, esp. in opinion; causing disagreement. \Bdivisively\b \Iadv.\i \Bdivisiveness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Idivisivus\i (as \J\Xdivide\x)\j\c
<hw>divisor</hw> \K/dI"vVIz\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMath.\i\p\B1\b a number by which another is to be divided.\p\B2\b a number that divides another without a remainder. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from French \Idiviseur\i or Latin \Idivisor\i (as \J\Xdivide\x)\j\c
<hw>divorce</hw> \K/dI"vO:s/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the legal dissolution of a marriage. \Bb\b a legal decree of this.\p\B2\b a severance or separation \3(a divorce between thought and feeling).\c\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \Itr.\i (usu. as \Bdivorced\b \Iadj.)\i \I(often foll. by \Bfrom)\b\i legally dissolve the marriage of \3(a divorced couple;\c \2he wants to get divorced from her).\c \Bb\b \Iintr.\i separate by divorce \3(they divorced last year).\c \Bc\b \Itr.\i end one's marriage with \3(divorced him for neglect).\c\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bfrom)\b\i detach, separate \3(divorced from reality).\c\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \Iarchaic\i dissolve (a union). \Bdivorcement\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Idivorce\i \I(n.),\i \Idivorcer\i \I(v.)\i and Late Latin \Idivortiare\i from Latin \Idivortium,\i from \Idivortere\i (as \J\Xdi-\x (2),\j \Ivertere\i 'turn')\c
<hw>divorcee</hw> \K/dIvO:"si:/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Imasc.\i \BdivorcΘ,\b \Ifem.\i \BdivorcΘe\b \K/-"seI/\k) a divorced person.
<hw>divot</hw> \K/"dIv\F'\nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IGolf\i a piece of turf cut out by a golf club in making a stroke.\p\B2\b \Besp. Sc.\b a piece of turf; a sod. \BEtymology:\b \316th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>divvy (1)</hw> \K/"dIvi/\k \In. & v.\i (also \Bdivi)\b \Icolloq.\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b \ICommerce\i a dividend; a share, esp. of profits earned by a cooperative.\p\B2\b a distribution. \Iv.tr.\i \B(-ies,\b \B-ied)\b \I(often foll. by \Bup)\b\i share out; divide. \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation of \J\Xdividend\x\j\c
<hw>divvy (2)</hw> \K/"dIvi/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \BBrit.\b \Islang\i or \Idial.\i \Iadj.\i foolish, idiotic.\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b a foolish person, an idiot.\Knew f. News Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \320th c.: origin uncertain\c
<hw>Diwali</hw> \K/dI"wA:li:/\k\p\In.\i\pa Hindu festival with lights, held in the period October to November. \BEtymology:\b \3Hindustani \Idiwali\i from Sanskrit \Idipavali\i 'row of lights', from \Idipa\i 'lamp'\c
<hw>Dixie</hw> \K/"dIksi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeog\i the southern states of the US. \BEtymology:\b \319th c.: origin uncertain\c
<hw>dixie</hw> \K/"dIksi/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i a large iron cooking pot used by campers etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Hindustani \Idegchi\i 'cooking pot' from Persian \Idegcha,\i diminutive of \Ideg\i 'pot'\c
<hw>Dixieland</hw> \K/"dIksIland/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IGeog\i = \J\XDixie\x.\j\p\B2\b \IMus\i a kind of jazz with a strong two-beat rhythm and collective improvisation. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\XDixie\x\j\c
<hw>djellaba</hw> \K/"dZEl\F'\nb\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bdjellabah,\b \Bjellaba)\b \IClothing\i a loose hooded woollen cloak worn or as worn by Arab men. \BEtymology:\b \3Arabic \Ijallaba,\i \Ijallabiya\i\c
<hw>D-layer</hw> \K/"di:leI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAstron\i the lowest layer of the ionosphere able to reflect low-frequency radio waves. \BEtymology:\b \3\ID\i (arbitrary)\c
<hw>D.Litt.</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IEducation\i Doctor of Letters. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \IDoctor Litterarum\i\c
<hw>DNA</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IBiochem\i deoxyribonucleic acid, a self-replicating material which is present in nearly all living organisms, esp. as a constituent of chromosomes, and is the carrier of genetic information.
<hw>DNase</hw> \K/di:En"eIz/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiochem.\i an enzyme which breaks DNA into smaller molecules.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Jan 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\XDNA\x\j + \J\X-ase\x\j\c
<hw>DNB</hw> \Iabbr.\i Dictionary of National Biography.
<hw>D-notice</hw> \K/"di:n\F'\nUtIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IPolit Journalism\i a government notice to news editors not to publish items on specified subjects, for reasons of security. \BEtymology:\b \3\Id\iefence + \J\Xnotice\x\j\c
<hw>do (1)</hw> \K/du:/\k \Iv., v.aux., & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\I(3rd sing. present\i \Bdoes\b \K/dVz/\k; \Ipast\i \Bdid\b \K/dId/\k; \Ipast part.\i \Bdone\b \K/dVn/\k)\p\B1\b \Itr.\i perform, carry out, achieve, complete (work etc.) \3(did his homework;\c \2there's a lot to do;\c \2he can do anything).\c\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b produce, make \3(she was doing a painting;\c \2I did a translation;\c \2decided to do a casserole).\c \Bb\b provide \3(do you do lunches?).\c\p\B3\b \Itr.\i bestow, grant; have a specified effect on \3(a walk would do you good;\c \2do me a favour).\c\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i act, behave, proceed \3(do as I do;\c \2she would do well to accept the offer).\c\p\B5\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b work at for a living, be occupied with \3(what does your father do?).\c \Bb\b work at, study; take as one's subject \3(he did chemistry at university;\c \2we're doing Chaucer next term).\c\p\B6\b \Ba\b \Iintr.\i be suitable or acceptable; suffice \3(this dress won't do for a wedding;\c \2a sandwich will do until we get home;\c \2that will never do).\c \Bb\b \Itr.\i satisfy; be suitable for \3(that hotel will do me nicely).\c\p\B7\b \Itr.\i deal with; put in order \3(the garden needs doing;\c \2the barber will do you next;\c \2I must do my hair before we go).\c\p\B8\b \Iintr.\i \Ba\b fare; get on \3(the patients were doing excellently;\c \2he did badly in the test).\c \Bb\b perform, work \3(could do better).\c\p\B9\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b solve; work out \3(we did the puzzle).\c \Bb\b \I(prec. by \Bcan\b or \Bbe able to)\b\i be competent at \3(can you do cartwheels?;\c \2I never could do maths).\c\p\B10\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b traverse (a certain distance) \3(we did fifty miles today).\c \Bb\b travel at a specified speed \3(he overtook us doing about eighty).\c\p\B11\b \Itr.\i \Icolloq.\i \Ba\b act or behave like \3(did a Houdini).\c \Bb\b play the part of \3(she was asked to do hostess).\c\p\B12\b \Iintr.\i \Ba\b \Icolloq.\i finish \3(have you done annoying me?;\c \2I've done in the bathroom).\c \Bb\b (as \Bdone\b \Iadj.)\i be over \3(the day is done).\c\p\B13\b \Itr.\i produce or give a performance of \3(the school does many plays and concerts;\c \2we've never done 'Pygmalion').\c\p\B14\b \Itr.\i cook, esp. to the right degree \3(do it in the oven;\c \2the potatoes aren't done yet).\c\p\B15\b \Iintr.\i be in progress \3(what's doing?).\c\p\B16\b \Itr.\i \Icolloq.\i visit; see the sights of \3(we did all the art galleries).\c\p\B17\b \Itr.\i \Icolloq.\i \Ba\b (often as \Bdone\b \Iadj.)\i exhaust; tire out \3(the climb has completely done me).\c \Bb\b beat up, defeat, kill. \Bc\b ruin \3(now you've done it).\c\p\B18\b \Itr.\i \I(foll. by \Binto)\b\i translate or transform \3(the book was done into French).\c\p\B19\b \Itr.\i \I(with qualifying adverb)\i \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i provide food etc. for in a specified way \3(they do one very well here).\c\p\B20\b \Itr.\i \Islang\i \Ba\b rob \3(they did a shop in Soho).\c \Bb\b swindle \3(I was done at the market).\c\p\B21\b \Itr.\i \BBrit.\b \Islang\i prosecute, convict \3(they were done for shoplifting).\c\p\B22\b \Itr.\i \Islang\i undergo (a specified term of imprisonment) \3(he did two years for fraud).\c\p\B23\b \Itr.\i \Icoarse slang\i have sexual intercourse with.\p\B24\b \Itr.\i \Islang\i take (a drug). \Iv.aux.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \I(except with \Bbe,\b \Bcan,\b \Bmay,\b \Bought,\b \Bshall,\b \Bwill)\b\i in questions and negative statements \3(do you understand?;\c \2I don't smoke).\c \Bb\b \I(except with \Bcan,\b \Bmay,\b \Bought,\b \Bshall,\b \Bwill)\b\i in negative commands \3(don't be silly;\c \2do not come tomorrow).\c\p\B2\b \Iellipt.\i or in place of verb or verb and object \3(you know her better than I do;\c \2I wanted to go and I did so;\c \2tell me, do!).\c\p\B3\b forming emphatic present and past tenses \3(I do want to;\c \2do tell me;\c \2they did go but she was out).\c\p\B4\b in inversion for emphasis \3(rarely does it happen;\c \2did he but know it).\c\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bdos\b or \Bdo's)\b\p\B1\b \Icolloq.\i an elaborate social event, party, or operation.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b \Islang\i a swindle or hoax.\p\1be done with\c \Isee\i \J\Xdone\x.\j\p\1be nothing to do with\c\p\B1\b be no business or concern of \3(his financial situation is nothing to do with me).\c\p\B2\b be unconnected with \3(his depression is nothing to do with his father's death).\c\p\1be to do with\c be concerned or connected with \3(the argument was to do with money).\c\p\1do about\c \Isee\i \J\Xabout\x \Iprep.\i 1d.\j\p\1do away with\c \Icolloq.\i\p\B1\b abolish.\p\B2\b kill.\p\1do battle\c enter into combat.\p\1do one's best\c \Isee\i \J\Xbest\x.\j\p\1do one's bit\c \Isee\i \J\Xbit\x (1).\j\p\Bdo by\b treat or deal with in a specified way \3(do as you would be done by).\c\p\1do credit to\c \Isee\i \J\Xcredit\x.\j\p\Bdo down\b \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i\p\B1\b cheat, swindle.\p\B2\b get the better of; overcome.\p\Bdo for\b\p\B1\b be satisfactory or sufficient for.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i (esp. as \Bdone for\b \Iadj.)\i destroy, ruin, kill \3(he knew he was done for).\c\p\B3\b \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i act as housekeeper for.\p\1do one's head\c (or \Bnut)\b \BBrit.\b \Islang\i be extremely angry or agitated.\p\1do the honours\c \Isee\i \J\Xhonour\x.\j\p\Bdo in\b\p\B1\b \Islang\i \Ba\b kill. \Bb\b ruin, do injury to.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i exhaust, tire out.\p\1do justice to\c \Isee\i \J\Xjustice\x.\j\p\1do nothing for\c (or \Bto)\b \Icolloq.\i detract from the appearance or quality of \3(such behaviour does nothing for our reputation).\c\p\1do or die\c persist regardless of danger.\p\Bdo out\b \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i clean or redecorate (a room).\p\Bdo a person out of\b \Icolloq.\i unjustly deprive a person of; swindle out of \3(he was done out of his holiday).\c\p\Bdo over\b\p\B1\b \Islang\i attack; beat up.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i redecorate, refurbish.\p\B3\b \BN. Amer.\b \Icolloq.\i do again.\p\1do proud\c \Isee\i \J\Xproud\x.\j\p\1dos and don'ts\c rules of behaviour.\p\1do something for\c (or \Bto)\b \Icolloq.\i enhance the appearance or quality of \3(that carpet does something for the room).\c\p\1do one's stuff\c \Isee\i \J\Xstuff\x.\j\p\Bdo to\b \I(archaic\i \Bunto)\b = \Ido by.\i\p\1do to death\c \Isee\i \J\Xdeath\x.\j\p\1do the trick\c \Isee\i \J\Xtrick\x.\j\p\Bdo up\b\p\B1\b fasten, secure.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i \Ba\b refurbish, renovate. \Bb\b adorn, dress up.\p\B3\b \BBrit.\b \Islang\i \Ba\b ruin, get the better of. \Bb\b beat up.\p\1do well for oneself\c prosper.\p\1do well out of\c profit by.\p\Bdo with\b \I(prec. by \Bcould)\b\i would be glad to have; would profit by \3(I could do with a rest;\c \2you could do with a wash).\c\p\Bdo without\b manage without; forgo \I(also \Babsol.:\b\i \2we shall just have to do without).\c\p\1have nothing to do with\c\p\B1\b have no connection or dealings with \3(our problem has nothing to do with the latest news;\c \2after the disagreement he had nothing to do with his father).\c\p\B2\b be no business or concern of \3(the decision has nothing to do with him).\c\p\1have to do (or something to do) with\c be connected with \3(his limp has to do with a car accident).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Idon\i from Germanic: related to Sanskrit \Idadhami\i 'put', Greek \Itithemi\i 'place', Latin \Ifacere\i 'do'\c
<hw>do (2)</hw> \IMus\i \Ivar. of\i \J\Xdoh\x.\j
<hw>do.</hw> \Iabbr.\i ditto.
<hw>DOA</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IMed\i dead on arrival (at hospital etc.).
<hw>doable</hw> \K/"du:\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i that can be done.
<hw>dob</hw> \K/dQb/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(dobbed,\b \Bdobbing)\b \I(foll. by \Bin)\b\i \BAustral.\b \Islang\i inform against; implicate; betray. \BEtymology:\b \3variant of \J\Xdab\x (1)\j\c
<hw>dobbin</hw> \K/"dQbIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAgriculture\i a draught horse; a farm horse. \BEtymology:\b \3pet form of the name \IRobert\i\c
<hw>Dobermann</hw> \K/"d\F'\nUb\F'\nm\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p(in full \BDobermann pinscher \K/"pInS\F'\n/\k)\b \IZool\i\p\B1\b a large dog of a German breed with a smooth coat.\p\B2\b this breed. \BEtymology:\b \3named after L. \IDobermann,\i 19th-c. German dog breeder, + German \IPinscher\i 'terrier'\c
<hw>dobsonfly</hw> \K/"dQbs(\F'\n)nflVI/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-flies)\b \IZool\i a large neuropterous insect of the family Corydalidae, esp. Corydalis cornutus of N. America, whose predatory aquatic larva are used as bait.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Jan 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3origin unknown\c
<hw>doc</hw> \K/dQk/\k\p\In.\i\p\Icolloq.\i\p\B1\b \IMed\i doctor.\p\B2\b documentary \3(video-doc).\c\p\B3\b \IComputing\i document.\Ksense 2 new f. News. Sense 3 new f. Incomings Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation\c
<hw>doch an dorris</hw> \IDrink\i \Ivar. of\i \J\Xdeoch an doris\x.\j
<hw>docile</hw> \K/"d\F'\nUsVIl/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b submissive, easily managed.\p\B2\b \Iarchaic\i teachable. \Bdocilely\b \K/"d\F'\nUsVIlli/\k \Iadv.\i \Bdocility\b \K/-"sIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Idocilis,\i from \Idocere\i 'teach'\c
<hw>dock (1)</hw> \K/dQk/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\INaut\i\p\B1\b an artificially enclosed body of water for the loading, unloading, and repair of ships.\p\B2\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i a range of docks with wharves and offices; a dockyard.\p\B3\b \BUS\b a ship's berth, a wharf.\p\B4\b = \J\Xdry dock\x.\j\p\B5\b \ITheatr.\i = \J\Xscene-dock\x.\j\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr. & intr.\i \INaut\i bring or come into a dock.\p\B2\b \IAstronaut\i \Ba\b \Itr.\i join (spacecraft) together in space. \Bb\b \Iintr.\i (of spacecraft) be joined.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \INaut\i provide with a dock or docks.\p\1in dock\c \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i in hospital or (of a vehicle) laid up for repairs. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle Dutch \Idocke,\i of unknown origin\c
<hw>dock (2)</hw> \K/dQk/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i the enclosure in a criminal court for the accused.\p\1in the dock\c \BBrit.\b on trial. \BEtymology:\b \316th c.: probably originally slang and related to Flemish \Idok\i 'cage', of unknown origin\c
<hw>dock (3)</hw> \K/dQk/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i any coarse, broadleaved weed of the genus \IRumex.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Idocce\i\c
<hw>dock (4)</hw> \K/dQk/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \IVet\i \Ba\b cut short (an animal's tail). \Bb\b cut short the tail of (an animal).\p\B2\b \Ba\b \I(often foll. by \Bfrom)\b\i deduct (a part) from wages, supplies, etc. \Bb\b reduce (wages etc.) in this way.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool\i the solid bony part of an animal's tail.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b the crupper of a saddle or harness. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, of uncertain origin\c
<hw>dockage</hw> \K/"dQkIdZ/\k\p\In.\i\p\INaut\i\p\B1\b the charge made for using docks.\p\B2\b dock accommodation.\p\B3\b the berthing of ships in docks.
<hw>dock brief</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i a brief handed direct to a barrister selected by a prisoner in the dock.
<hw>docker</hw> \K/"dQk\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\INaut\i a person employed to load and unload ships.
<hw>docket</hw> \K/"dQkIt/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b \ICommerce\i \Ba\b a document or label listing goods delivered or the contents of a package, or recording payment of customs dues etc. \Bb\b a voucher; an order form.\p\B2\b \BUS\b \ILaw\i a list of causes for trial or persons having causes pending.\p\B3\b \BUS\b a list of things to be done. \Iv.tr.\i \B(docketed,\b \Bdocketing)\b label with a docket. \BEtymology:\b \315th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>dock-glass</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IDrink\i a large glass for wine tasting.
<hw>dockland</hw> \K/"dQkl\F'\nnd/\k\p\In.\i\p\INaut\i a district near docks.
<hw>dockside</hw> \K/"dQksVId/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(often \Battrib.)\b\i \INaut.\i the area immediately adjacent to a dock.\Knew f. SOED, corpus Sep 93\k
<hw>dock-tailed</hw> \Iadj.\i \IZool\i having a docked tail.\Kbetter at dock hom4 as alt esp. in phrase?\k
<hw>dockyard</hw> \K/"dQkjA:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\INaut\i an area with docks and equipment for building and repairing ships, esp. \BBrit.\b for naval use.
<hw>doctor</hw> \K/"dQkt\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMed\i \Ba\b a qualified practitioner of medicine; a physician. \Bb\b \BN. Amer.\b \IDentistry Vet\i a qualified dentist or veterinary surgeon.\p\B2\b \IEducation\i a person who holds a doctorate \3(Doctor of Civil Law).\c\p\B3\b \Icolloq.\i a person who carries out repairs.\p\B4\b \Iarchaic\i a teacher or learned person.\p\B5\b \Islang\i a cook on board a ship or in a camp.\p\B6\b (in full \Bdoctor-blade)\b \BBrit.\b \IPrinting\i a blade for removing surplus ink etc.\p\B7\b \ISport\i an artificial fishing-fly.\p\Iv.\i\p\Icolloq.\i\p\B1\b \IMed\i \Ba\b \Itr.\i treat medically. \Bb\b \Iintr.\i (esp. as \Bdoctoring\b \In.)\i practise as a physician.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \BBrit.\b \IVet\i castrate or spay.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i patch up (machinery etc.); mend.\p\B4\b \Itr.\i adulterate.\p\B5\b \Itr.\i tamper with, falsify.\p\B6\b \Itr.\i \IEducation\i confer a degree of doctor on.\p\1go for the doctor\c \BAustral.\b \Islang\i\p\B1\b make an all-out effort.\p\B2\b bet all one has.\p\1what the doctor ordered\c \Icolloq.\i something beneficial or desirable. \Kdoctorhood omitted Sep 93\k\Bdoctorial\b \K/-"tO:rI\F'\nl/\k \Iadj.\i \Bdoctorly\b \Iadj.\i \Bdoctorship\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Idoctour\i from Latin \Idoctor,\i from \Idocere doct-\i 'teach'\c
<hw>doctoral</hw> \K/"dQkt(\F'\n)r(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \IEducation\i of or for a degree of doctor.
<hw>doctorate</hw> \K/"dQkt(\F'\n)r\F'\nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IEducation\i the highest university degree in any faculty, often honorary.
<hw>Doctor of Philosophy</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a doctorate in any faculty except law, medicine, or sometimes theology.\p\B2\b a person holding such a degree.\Ksense 2 new f. SOED Sep 93\k
<hw>Doctor of the Church</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i any of several early Christian and later Catholic theologians.
<hw>doctrinaire</hw> \K/dQktrI"nE:/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i seeking to apply a theory or doctrine in all circumstances without regard to practical considerations; theoretical and impractical.\p\In.\i\pa doctrinaire person; a pedantic theorist. \Bdoctrinairism\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdoctrinarian\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French, from \Idoctrine\i \J\Xdoctrine\x\j + \I-aire\i \J\X-ary\x (1)\j\c
<hw>doctrinal</hw> \K/dQk"trVIn(\F'\n)l/, /"dQktrIn-/\k \Iadj.\i of or inculcating a doctrine or doctrines. \Bdoctrinally\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Idoctrinalis\i (as \J\Xdoctrine\x)\j\c
<hw>doctrine</hw> \K/"dQktrIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b what is taught; a body of instruction.\p\B2\b \Ba\b a principle of religious or political etc. belief. \Bb\b a set of such principles; dogma. \Bdoctrinism\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdoctrinist\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Idoctrina\i 'teaching' (as \J\Xdoctor\x)\j\c
<hw>docudrama</hw> \K/"dQkjUdrA:m\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBroadcasting\i a dramatized television film based on real events. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xdocumentary\x\j + \J\Xdrama\x\j\c
<hw>document</hw> \In. & v.\i \ILaw Commerce\i\p\In.\i\p\K/"dQkjUm(\F'\n)nt/\k a piece of written or printed matter that provides a record or evidence of events, an agreement, ownership, identification, etc. \Iv.tr.\i \K/"dQkjUmEnt/\k\p\B1\b prove by or provide with documents or evidence.\p\B2\b record in a document. \Bdocumental\b \K/-"mEnt(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Idocumentum\i 'proof', from \Idocere\i 'teach'\c
<hw>documentalist</hw> \K/dQkjU"mEnt(\F'\n)lIst/\k\p\In.\i\pa person engaged in documentation.
<hw>documentarian</hw> \K/%dQkjUmEn"tE:rI\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \IPhotog\i a photographer specializing in producing a factual record. \Bb\b \IBroadcasting\i a director or producer of documentaries.\p\B2\b an expert analyst of historical documents.\Knew f. News, Incomings Sep 93\k
<hw>documentarist</hw> \K/dQkjU"mEnt(\F'\n)rIst/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBroadcasting\i = \J\Xdocumentarian\x 1b.\j\Knew f. corpus Sep 93\k
<hw>documentary</hw> \K/dQkjU"mEnt(\F'\n)ri/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b consisting of documents \3(documentary evidence).\c\p\B2\b providing a factual record or report.\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IBroadcasting\i a documentary film etc. \Bdocumentarily\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>documentation</hw> \K/%dQkjUmEn"teIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the accumulation, classification, and dissemination of information.\p\B2\b the material collected or disseminated.\p\B3\b \IComputing etc.\i the collection of documents relating to a process or event, esp. the written specification and instructions accompanying a computer program.
<hw>DOD</hw> \Iabbr.\i \BUS\b \IMil Polit\i Department of Defense.
<hw>dodder (1)</hw> \K/"dQd\F'\n/\k \Iv.intr.\i tremble or totter, esp. from age. \Bdodderer\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \317th c.: variant of obsolete dialect \Idadder:\i cf. \J\Xdither\x\j\c
<hw>dodder (2)</hw> \K/"dQd\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i any climbing parasitic plant of the genus \ICuscuta,\i with slender leafless threadlike stems. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Germanic\c
<hw>doddered</hw> \K/"dQd\F'\nd/\k \Iadj.\i \IBot\i (of a tree, esp. an oak) having lost its top or branches. \BEtymology:\b \3probably from obsolete \Idod\i 'poll, lop'\c
<hw>dodge</hw> \K/dQdZ/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Babout,\b \Bbehind,\b \Bround)\b\i move quickly to one side or quickly change position, to elude a pursuer, blow, etc. \3(dodged behind the chair).\c\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b evade by cunning or trickery \3(dodged paying the fare).\c \Bb\b elude (a pursuer, opponent, blow, etc.) by a sideward movement etc.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \BAustral.\b \Islang\i acquire dishonestly.\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i \IBell-ringing\i (of a bell in change-ringing) move one place contrary to the normal sequence.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a quick movement to avoid or evade something.\p\B2\b a clever trick or expedient.\p\B3\b \IBell-ringing\i the dodging of a bell in change-ringing.\p\1dodge the column\c \BBrit.\b \Isee\i \J\Xcolumn\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \316th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>dodgem</hw> \K/"dQdZ(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p(in full \Bdodgem car)\b a small electrically powered car with rubber bumpers all round, driven in an enclosure at a funfair with the aim of bumping or avoiding other such cars. \BEtymology:\b \3US proprietary name, \J\Xdodge\x\j + \J\X'em\x\j\c
<hw>dodger</hw> \K/"dQdZ\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person who dodges, esp. an artful or elusive person.\p\B2\b \INaut\i a screen on a ship's bridge etc. as protection from spray etc.\p\B3\b \BUS\b a small handbill.\Ka cake of maize flour omitted Nov 94\k\p\B4\b \Islang\i a sandwich; bread; food.
<hw>dodging</hw> \K/"dQdZIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b in senses of the verb.\p\B2\b \IPhotog.\i the deliberate modification of the intensity of a particular part of a photograph during processing or enlarging.\Knew f. SOED, incomings Jan 95\k
<hw>dodo</hw> \K/"d\F'\nUd\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os\b or \B-oes)\b\p\B1\b \IZool\i a large extinct flightless bird, Raphus cucullatus, formerly native to Mauritius.\p\B2\b an old-fashioned, stupid, or inactive person.\p\1as dead as the (or a) dodo\c\p\B1\b completely or unmistakably dead.\p\B2\b entirely obsolete. \BEtymology:\b \3Portuguese \Idoudo\i 'simpleton'\c
<hw>DoE</hw> \Iabbr.\i (in the UK) Department of the Environment.
<hw>doe</hw> \K/d\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a female fallow deer, reindeer, hare, rabbit, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ida\i\c
<hw>doe-eyed</hw> \Iadj.\i (esp. of a woman) having large gentle dark eyes.\Knew f. SOED, corpus Sep 93\k
<hw>doek</hw> \K/dUk/\k\p\In.\i\p\BS.Afr.\b \IClothing Anthropol\i a cloth, esp. a head-cloth. \BEtymology:\b \3Afrikaans\c
<hw>doer</hw> \K/"du:\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person who does something.\p\B2\b a person who acts rather than merely talking or thinking.\p\B3\b (in full \Bhard doer)\b \BAustral.\b an eccentric or amusing person.
<hw>doeskin</hw> \K/"d\F'\nUskIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the skin of a doe fallow deer. \Bb\b \ILeather\i leather made from this.\p\B2\b \ITextiles\i a fine cloth resembling it.
<hw>doesn't</hw> \K/"dVz(\F'\n)nt/\k \Icontr.\i does not.
<hw>doff</hw> \K/dQf/\k \Iv.tr.\i \Iesp. literary\i take off (one's hat, clothing). \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, = \Ido off\i\c
<hw>dog</hw> \K/dQg/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool\i \Ba\b a domesticated carnivorous mammal, Canis familiaris, usu. having a long snout and non-retractile claws, and occurring in many different breeds kept as pets or for work or sport. \Bb\b a wild animal of the genus \ICanis,\i including wolves, jackals, and coyotes, or of the family Canidae, including foxes.\p\B2\b \IZool\i the male of the dog, or of the fox (also \Bdog-fox)\b or wolf (also \Bdog-wolf).\b\p\B3\b \Icolloq.\i \Ba\b a despicable person. \Bb\b a person of a specified kind \3(a lucky dog).\c \Bc\b \BUS\b & \BAustral.\b \Islang\i an informer; a traitor. \Bd\b \Islang\i a horse that is difficult to handle.\p\B4\b \IMech\i a mechanical device for gripping.\p\B5\b \BN. Amer.\b \Islang\i something poor; a failure.\p\B6\b = \J\Xfiredog\x.\j\p\B7\b \I(in \Bpl.;\b\i \Iprec. by \Bthe)\b\i \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i greyhound racing. \Iv.tr.\i \B(dogged,\b \Bdogging)\b\p\B1\b follow closely and persistently; pursue, track.\p\B2\b \IMech.\i grip with a dog.\p\1die like a dog\c die miserably or shamefully.\p\1dog it\c \Besp. US\b \Icolloq.\i act lazily; idle, shirk.\Kdog it new f. News Sep 93\k\p\1dog's breakfast\c \Icolloq.\i a mess.\p\1dog's dinner\c \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i\p\B1\b = \Idog's breakfast.\i\p\B2\b (in phr. \Bdressed etc. like a dog's dinner)\b dressed over-elaborately or vulgarly \3(she was got up like a dog's dinner).\c\p\1go to the dogs\c \Islang\i deteriorate, be ruined.\p\1not a dog's chance\c no chance at all.\p\1put on the dog\c \BN. Amer.\b \Icolloq.\i behave pretentiously. \Bdoglike\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Idocga,\i of unknown origin\c
<hw>dogberry</hw> \K/"dQgb(\F'\n)ri/, /-bEri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IBot\i the fruit of the dogwood.
<hw>dog biscuit</hw>\p\In.\i\pa hard thick biscuit for feeding dogs.
<hw>dog box</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BAustral.\b \IRailways\i \Islang\i a compartment in a railway carriage without a corridor.
<hw>dog cart</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ITransport\i a two-wheeled cart for driving in, with cross seats back to back.
<hw>dog-clutch</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMech.\i a device for coupling two shafts in the transmission of power, one member having teeth which engage with slots in another.
<hw>dog collar</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a collar for a dog.\p\B2\b \Ba\b \IRelig\i \Icolloq.\i a clerical collar. \Bb\b \IClothing\i a straight high collar.
<hw>dog days</hw> \In.pl.\i \IHorol\i the hottest period of the year (reckoned in antiquity from the heliacal rising of the dog-star).
<hw>doge</hw> \K/d\F'\nUdZ/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i \Ihist.\i the chief magistrate of Venice or Genoa. \BEtymology:\b \3French via Italian and Venetian \Idoze\i from Latin \Idux ducis\i 'leader'\c
<hw>dog-eared</hw> \Iadj.\i (of a book etc.) with the corners worn or battered with use.
<hw>dog-end</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Islang\i a cigarette end.
<hw>dogface</hw> \K/"dQgfeIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\BUS\b \Islang\i a US soldier, esp. an infantryman.\Knew f. SOED, Incomings Sep 93\k
<hw>dog-fall</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ISport\i a fall in which wrestlers touch the ground together.
<hw>dogfight</hw> \K/"dQgfVIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMil\i a close combat between fighter aircraft.\p\B2\b uproar; a fight like that between dogs. \Bdogfighter\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdogfighting\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>dogfish</hw> \K/"dQgfIS/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i usu. same) \IZool\i any of various small sharks, esp. of the families Scyliorhinidae and Squalidae.
<hw>dogged</hw> \K/"dQgId/\k \Iadj.\i tenacious; grimly persistent.\p\1it's dogged as does it\c \Icolloq.\i persistence succeeds. \Bdoggedly\b \Iadv.\i \Bdoggedness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from \J\Xdog\x\j + \J\X-ed\x (1)\j\c
<hw>dogger (1)</hw> \K/"dQg\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\INaut\i a two-masted bluff-bowed Dutch fishing boat. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Middle Dutch, = fishing boat\c
<hw>dogger (2)</hw> \K/"dQg\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeol.\i a large spherical concretion occurring in sedimentary rock. \BEtymology:\b \3dialect, = kind of ironstone, perhaps from \J\Xdog\x\j\c
<hw>doggerel</hw> \K/"dQg(\F'\n)r(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILiterature\i poor or trivial verse. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, apparently from \J\Xdog\x:\j cf. \J\X-rel\x\j\c
<hw>doggish</hw> \K/"dQgIS/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of or like a dog.\p\B2\b currish, malicious, snappish.\Kdoggishly, doggishness omitted Sep 93\k
<hw>doggo</hw> \K/"dQg\F'\nU/\k \Iadv.\i\p\1lie doggo\c \BBrit.\b \Islang\i lie motionless or hidden, making no sign. \BEtymology:\b \3probably from \J\Xdog\x:\j cf. \J\X-o\x\j\c
<hw>doggone</hw> \K/"dQgQn/\k \Iadj., adv., & int.\i \Besp. N. Amer.\b \Islang\i \Iadj. & adv.\i damned. \Iint.\i expressing annoyance. \BEtymology:\b \3probably from \Idog on it\i = \IGod damn it\i\c
<hw>doggy</hw> \K/"dQgi/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of or like a dog.\p\B2\b devoted to dogs.\p\In.\i\p(also \Bdoggie)\b \I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b a little dog; a pet name for a dog. \Bdogginess\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>doggy bag</hw>\p\In.\i\pa bag given to a customer in a restaurant or to a guest at a party etc. for putting leftovers in to take home.
<hw>dog handler</hw>\p\In.\i\pa person, esp. a police officer, in charge of a dog or dogs. \Bdog-handling\b\p\In.\i\p\Knew f. NSOED, Incomings Sep 93\k
<hw>doghouse</hw> \K/"dQghaUs/\k\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b a dog's kennel.\p\1in the doghouse\c \Islang\i in disgrace or disfavour.
<hw>dogie</hw> \K/"d\F'\nUgi/\k\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b \IZool\i a motherless or neglected calf. \BEtymology:\b \319th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>dog in the manger</hw>\p\In.\i\pa person who prevents others from using something, although that person has no use for it.
<hw>dog-leg</hw> \In., adj., & v.\i\p\In.\i\pa sharp bend like that in a dog's hind leg. \Iadj.\i (also \Bdog-legged)\b bent sharply. \Iv.intr.\i \B(-legged,\b \B-legging)\b bend sharply.\Kn. and v. new f. corpus Sep 93\k
<hw>dog-leg hole</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IGolf\i a hole at which a golf player cannot aim directly at the green from the tee.
<hw>dogma</hw> \K/"dQgm\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IRelig\i \Ba\b a principle, tenet, or system of these, esp. as laid down by the authority of a Church. \Bb\b such principles collectively.\p\B2\b an arrogant declaration of opinion. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin from Greek \Idogma -matos\i 'opinion', from \Idokeo\i 'seem'\c
<hw>dogman</hw> \K/"dQgm\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-men)\b \BAustral.\b \IMech\i a person giving directional signals to the operator of a crane, often while sitting on the crane's load.
<hw>dogmatic</hw> \K/dQg"matIk/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b (of a person) given to asserting or imposing personal opinions; arrogant. \Bb\b intolerantly authoritative.\p\B2\b \Ba\b of or in the nature of dogma; doctrinal. \Bb\b based on a priori principles, not on induction. \Bdogmatically\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Idogmaticus\i from Greek \Idogmatikos\i (as \J\Xdogma\x)\j\c
<hw>dogmatics</hw> \K/dQg"matIks/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i\p\B1\b the study of religious dogmas; dogmatic theology.\p\B2\b a system of dogma. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xdogmatic\x\j\c
<hw>dogmatism</hw> \K/"dQgm\F'\ntIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\pa tendency to be dogmatic. \Bdogmatist\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Idogmatisme\i from medieval Latin \Idogmatismus\i (as \J\Xdogma\x)\j\c
<hw>dogmatize</hw> \K/"dQgm\F'\ntVIz/\k\p\Iv.\i\p(also \B-ise)\b\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i make positive unsupported assertions; speak dogmatically.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i express (a principle etc.) as a dogma. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Idogmatiser\i or via Late Latin \Idogmatizare\i from Greek (as \J\Xdogma\x)\j\c
<hw>do-gooder</hw> \K/du:"gUd\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pa well-meaning but unrealistic philanthropist or reformer. \Bdo-good\b \K/"du:gUd/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Bdo-goodery\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdo-goodism\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>dog-paddle</hw> \In. & v.\i (also \Bdoggy-paddle)\b \ISport\i\p\In.\i\pan elementary swimming stroke like that of a dog. \Iv.intr.\i swim using this stroke.
<hw>dog rose</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a wild hedge-rose, Rosa canina. \IAlso called\i \Ibrier rose.\i
<hw>dogsbody</hw> \K/"dQgzbQdi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \BBrit.\b\p\B1\b \Icolloq.\i a drudge.\p\B2\b \INaut.\i \Islang\i a junior officer.
<hw>dogshore</hw> \K/"dQgSO:/\k\p\In.\i\p\INaut\i a temporary wooden support for a ship just before launching.
<hw>dogskin</hw> \K/"dQgskIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILeather\i leather made of or imitating dog's skin, used for gloves.
<hw>dog sled</hw>\p\In.\i\pa sled designed to be pulled by dogs.\Knew f. Incomings, corpus Sep 93\k
<hw>dog's life</hw>\p\In.\i\pa life of misery or harassment.
<hw>dog's meat</hw>\p\In.\i\phorse's or other flesh as food for dogs; carrion.
<hw>dog's mercury</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a woodland plant of the spurge family, Mercurialis perennis, with small green flowers.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Jan 94\k
<hw>dogs of war</hw> \In.pl.\i \Ipoet.\i the havoc accompanying war.
<hw>dog's-tail</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bdog-tail)\b \IBot\i any grass of the genus \ICynosurus,\i esp. C. cristatus, a common pasture grass.
<hw>dog-star</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAstron\i Sirius, the brightest star in the sky. \BEtymology:\b \3so called as it appears to follow at the heels of Orion the hunter\c
<hw>dog's tooth</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b (in full \Bdog's tooth violet)\b \IBot\i any plant of the genus \IErythronium\i (lily family), esp. E. dens-canis with speckled leaves, purple flowers, and a toothed perianth.\p\B2\b = \J\Xdog-tooth\x 2.\j\Kalt moved to sense 1 only Aug 92 aaw\k
<hw>dog tag</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a tag attached to a dog's collar, giving its owner's address etc.\p\B2\b \BN. Amer.\b \IMil.\i \Islang\i a soldier's metal identity tag.\Knew f. SOED Sep 93\k
<hw>dog-tail</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xdog's-tail\x.\j
<hw>dog-tired</hw> \Iadj.\i tired out.
<hw>dog-tooth</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IArchit\i a small pointed ornament or moulding, esp. in Norman and Early English architecture.\p\B2\b \IClothing\i a broken check pattern used esp. in cloth for suits.
<hw>dog trials</hw> \In.pl.\i \BAustral.\b & \BNZ\b \IAgriculture\i a public competitive display of the skills of sheepdogs.
<hw>dog-violet</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i any of various scentless wild violets, esp. Viola riviniana.
<hw>dogwatch</hw> \K/"dQgwQtS/\k\p\In.\i\p\INaut.\i either of two short watches (4-6 or 6-8 p.m.).
<hw>dogwood</hw> \K/"dQgwUd/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b any of various shrubs of the genus \ICornus,\i esp. the wild cornel, C. sanguinea, with dark red branches, greenish-white flowers, and purple berries, found in woods and hedgerows.\p\B2\b any of various similar trees.\p\B3\b the wood of the dogwood.
<hw>DoH</hw> \Iabbr.\i (in the UK) Department of Health.
<hw>doh</hw> \K/d\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bdo)\b \IMus.\i\p\B1\b (in tonic sol-fa) the first and eighth note of a major scale.\p\B2\b the note C in the fixed-doh system. \BEtymology:\b \318th c.: from Italian \Ido,\i an arbitrarily chosen syllable replacing \Iut:\i see \J\Xgamut\x\j\c
<hw>doily</hw> \K/"dOIli/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bdoyley)\b \I(pl.\i \B-ies\b or \B-eys)\b a small ornamental mat of paper, lace, etc., on a plate for cakes etc. \BEtymology:\b \3originally the name of a fabric: from \IDoiley,\i the name of a 17th-c. London draper\c
<hw>doing</hw> \K/"du:IN/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b an action; the performance of a deed \3(famous for his doings;\c \2it was my doing).\c \Bb\b activity, effort \3(it takes a lot of doing).\c\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i a scolding; a beating.\p\B3\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \Besp. Brit.\b \Islang\i things needed; adjuncts; things whose names are not known \3(have we got all the doings?).\c
<hw>doit</hw> \K/dOIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\Iarchaic\i a very small amount of money. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle Low German \Idoyt,\i Middle Dutch \Iduit,\i of unknown origin\c
<hw>do-it-yourself</hw> \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i (of work, esp. building, painting, decorating, etc.) done or to be done by an amateur at home.\p\In.\i\psuch work.
<hw>dojo</hw> \K/"d\F'\nUdZ\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b \ISport\i\p\B1\b a room or hall in which judo and other martial arts are practised.\p\B2\b a mat on which judo etc. is practised. \BEtymology:\b \3Japanese, from \Ido\i 'way, pursuit' + \Ijo\i 'a place'\c
<hw>dol.</hw> \Iabbr.\i \ICurrency\i dollar(s).
<hw>Dolby</hw> \K/"dQlbi/, /"d\F'\nUl-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IElectronics\i \Ipropr.\i an electronic noise-reduction system used esp. in tape-recording to reduce hiss. \BEtymology:\b \3named after R. M. \IDolby,\i US inventor\c
<hw>dolce</hw> \K/"dQltSeI/\k \Iadv. & adj.\i \IMus.\i \Iadv.\i sweetly and softly. \Iadj.\i performed in this manner.\Knew f. OERD, corpus Sept 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Italian, = sweet\c
\B\Idolce far niente\b\i \K/%dQltSeI fA: nI"Enti/, Italian /%doltSe far ni"Ente/\k\p\In.\i\ppleasant idleness. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian, = sweet doing nothing\c
<hw>Dolcelatte</hw> \K/dQltSeI"lati/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFood\i a kind of soft creamy blue-veined cheese from Italy.\Knew f. OERD, corpus, Jun 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Italian, = sweet milk\c
\B\Idolce vita\b\i \K/dQltSeI "vi:t\F'\n/, Italian /doltSe "vi:ta/\k\p\In.\i\pa life of pleasure and luxury. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian, = sweet life\c
<hw>doldrums</hw> \K/"dQldr\F'\nmz/\k \In.pl.\i \I(usu. prec. by \Bthe)\b\i\p\B1\b low spirits; a feeling of boredom or depression.\p\B2\b a period of inactivity or state of stagnation.\p\B3\b \IGeog\i an equatorial ocean region of calms, sudden storms, and light unpredictable winds. \BEtymology:\b \3probably from \Idull\i and \Itantrum\i\c
<hw>dole (1)</hw> \K/d\F'\nUl/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \I(usu. prec. by \Bthe)\b\i \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i benefit claimable by the unemployed from the State.\p\B2\b \Ba\b charitable distribution. \Bb\b a charitable (esp. sparing, niggardly) gift of food, clothes, or money.\p\B3\b \Iarchaic\i one's lot or destiny. \Iv.tr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bout)\b\i deal out sparingly.\p\1on the dole\c \Icolloq.\i receiving state benefit for the unemployed. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Idal,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>dole (2)</hw> \K/d\F'\nUl/\k\p\In.\i\p\Ipoet.\i grief, woe; lamentation. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ido(e)l\i etc. and popular Latin \Idolus\i from Latin \Idolere\i 'grieve'\c
<hw>dole-bludger</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BAustral.\b \Islang\i a person who allegedly prefers the dole to work.
<hw>doleful</hw> \K/"d\F'\nUlfUl/, /-f(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b mournful, sad.\p\B2\b dreary, dismal. \Bdolefully\b \Iadv.\i \Bdolefulness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from \J\Xdole\x (2)\j + \J\X-ful\x\j\c
<hw>dolerite</hw> \K/"dQl\F'\nrVIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeol\i a coarse basaltic rock. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IdolΘrite\i from Greek \Idoleros\i 'deceptive' (because it is difficult to distinguish from diorite)\c
<hw>dolichocephalic</hw> \K/%dQlIk\F'\nUsI"falIk/, /-kE"falIk/\k \Iadj.\i (also \Bdolichocephalous\b \K/-"sEf(\F'\n)l\F'\ns/, /-"kEf-/\k) \IAnat Anthropol\i having a long or narrow head. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Idolikhos\i 'long' + \J\X-cephalic\x,\j \J\X-cephalous\x\j\c
<hw>dolina</hw> \K/dQ"li:n\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bdoline\b \K/dQ"li:n/\k) \IGeol.\i an extensive depression or basin. \BEtymology:\b \3Russian \Idolina\i 'valley'\c
<hw>doll</hw> \K/dQl/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a small model of a human figure, esp. a baby or a child, as a child's toy.\p\B2\b \Ba\b \Icolloq.\i a pretty but silly young woman. \Bb\b \Islang\i a young woman (or also \BUS\b a young man), esp. an attractive one.\p\B3\b a ventriloquist's dummy. \Iv.tr. & intr.\i \I(foll. by \Bup;\b often \Brefl.)\b\i dress up smartly. \BEtymology:\b \3pet form of the name \IDorothy\i\c
<hw>dollar</hw> \K/"dQl\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICurrency\i\p\B1\b the chief monetary unit of the US, Canada, and Australia.\p\B2\b the chief monetary unit of certain countries in the Pacific, West Indies, SE Asia, Africa, and S. America. \BEtymology:\b \3Low German \Idaler\i from German \ITaler,\i short for \IJoachimstaler,\i a coin from the silver mine of \IJoachimstal,\i now \IJßchymov\i in the Czech Republic\c
<hw>dollar area</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i the area in which currency is linked to the US dollar.
<hw>dollar diplomacy</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IDiplomacy Commerce\i diplomatic activity aimed at advancing a country's international influence by furthering its financial and commercial interests abroad.
<hw>dollar gap</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i the excess of a country's import trade with the dollar area over the corresponding export trade.
<hw>dollarization</hw> \K/dQl\F'\nrVI"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \B-sation)\b \IEcon\i a dominating effect of the US on the economy of a country, esp. the linkage of a currency to the US dollar.\Knew in COD9 f. News Sep 93\k
<hw>dollar mark</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bdollar sign)\b \ICurrency\i the sign $, representing a dollar.
<hw>dollar spot</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot Hort\i\p\B1\b a fungal disease of lawns etc.\p\B2\b a discoloured patch caused by this.
<hw>dollop</hw> \K/"dQl\F'\np/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\pa shapeless lump of food etc. \Iv.tr.\i \B(dolloped,\b \Bdolloping)\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bout)\b\i serve out in large shapeless quantities. \BEtymology:\b \3perhaps from Scandinavian\c
<hw>doll's house</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B(N. Amer.\b \Bdollhouse)\b\p\B1\b \IToys\i a miniature toy house for dolls.\p\B2\b \IArchit\i a very small house.
<hw>dolly</hw> \K/"dQli/\k \In., v., & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b a child's name for a doll.\p\B2\b \ICinematog\i a movable platform for a cine-camera.\p\B3\b \ICricket\i \Icolloq.\i an easy catch or hit.\p\B4\b a stick for stirring clothes in a washtub.\p\B5\b = \J\Xcorn dolly\x.\j\p\B6\b \Icolloq.\i = \J\Xdolly-bird\x.\j\p\Iv.\i\p\B(-ies,\b \B-ied)\b\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \I(foll. by \Bup)\b\i dress up smartly.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bin,\b \Bup)\b\i \ICinematog\i move a cine-camera in or up to a subject, or out from it. \Iadj.\i \B(dollier,\b \Bdolliest)\b\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i (esp. of a girl) attractive, stylish.\p\B2\b \ICricket\i \Icolloq.\i easily hit or caught.
<hw>dolly-bird</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i an attractive and stylish young woman.
<hw>dolly mixture</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IFood\i any of a mixture of small variously shaped and coloured sweets.
<hw>Dolly Varden</hw> \K/dQlI "vA:d(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IFashion\i a woman's large hat with one side drooping and with a floral trimming.\p\B2\b \IZool\i a brightly spotted char, Salvelinus malma, of western N. America. \BEtymology:\b \3a character in Dickens's \IBarnaby Rudge\i\c
<hw>dolma</hw> \K/"dQlm\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bdolmas\b or \Bdolmades\b \K/-"mA:DEz/\k) \IFood Cookery\i a Greek and Turkish delicacy of spiced rice or meat etc. wrapped in vine or cabbage leaves. \BEtymology:\b \3Turkish from \Idolmak\i 'fill, be filled': \Idolmades\i from modern Greek\c
<hw>dolman</hw> \K/"dQlm\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IClothing\i\p\B1\b \IAnthropol\i a long Turkish robe open in front.\p\B2\b a hussar's jacket worn with the sleeves hanging loose.\p\B3\b a woman's mantle with capelike or dolman sleeves. \BEtymology:\b \3ultimately from Turkish \Idolama\i\c
<hw>dolman sleeve</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IClothing\i a loose sleeve cut in one piece with the body of a garment.
<hw>dolmen</hw> \K/"dQlmEn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IArchaeol\i a megalithic tomb with a large flat stone laid on upright ones. \BEtymology:\b \3French, perhaps from Cornish \Itolmen\i 'hole of stone'\c
<hw>dolomite</hw> \K/"dQl\F'\nmVIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMineral Geol\i a mineral or rock of calcium magnesium carbonate. \Bdolomitic\b \K/dQl\F'\n"mItIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French, named after D. de \IDolomieu,\i French geologist d. 1801\c
<hw>dolorous</hw> \K/"dQl(\F'\n)r\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i \Iliterary\i or \Ijoc.\i\p\B1\b distressing, painful; doleful, dismal.\p\B2\b distressed, sad. \Bdolorously\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Idoleros\i from Late Latin \Idolorosus\i (as \J\Xdolour\x)\j\c
<hw>dolour</hw> \K/"dQl\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Bdolor)\b \Iliterary\i sorrow, distress. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Idolor -oris\i 'pain, grief'\c
<hw>dolphin</hw> \K/"dQlfIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool\i any of various porpoise-like sea mammals of the family Delphinidae having a slender beaklike snout.\p\B2\b \IZool\i = \J\Xdorado\x 1.\j\p\B3\b \INaut\i a bollard, pile, or buoy for mooring.\p\B4\b \IBuilding Archit\i a structure for protecting the pier of a bridge.\p\B5\b \BBrit.\b \IHeraldry\i a curved fish in heraldry, sculpture, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, also \Idelphin,\i via Latin \Idelphinus\i from Greek \Idelphis -inos\i\c
<hw>dolphinarium</hw> \K/dQlfI"nE:rI\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bdolphinariums)\b \BBrit.\b \IZool\i an aquarium for dolphins, esp. one open to the public.
<hw>dolt</hw> \K/d\F'\nUlt/\k\p\In.\i\pa stupid person. \Bdoltish\b \Iadj.\i \Bdoltishly\b \Iadv.\i \Bdoltishness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3apparently related to \Idol,\i \Idold,\i obsolete variant of \J\Xdull\x\j\c
<hw>Dom</hw> \K/dQm/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IRelig\i a title prefixed to the names of some Roman Catholic dignitaries, and Benedictine and Carthusian monks.\p\B2\b the Portuguese equivalent of \IDon\i (see \J\Xdon\x (1) 2a, b).\j \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idominus\i 'master': sense 2 via Portuguese\c
<hw>-dom</hw> \K/d\F'\nm/\k \Isuffix\i forming nouns denoting:\p\B1\b state or condition \3(freedom).\c\p\B2\b rank or status \3(earldom).\c\p\B3\b domain \3(kingdom).\c\p\B4\b a class of people (or the attitudes etc. associated with them) regarded collectively \3(officialdom).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \I-dom,\i originally = \J\Xdoom\x\j\c
<hw>domain</hw> \K/d\F'\n(U)"meIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an area under one rule; a realm.\p\B2\b an estate or lands under one control.\p\B3\b a sphere of control or influence.\p\B4\b \IMath.\i the set of possible values of an independent variable.\p\B5\b \IPhysics\i a discrete region of magnetism in ferromagnetic material. \Bdomanial\b \K/d\F'\n"meInI\F'\nl/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from French \Idomaine,\i Old French \Idemeine\i \J\Xdemesne\x,\j associated with Latin \Idominus\i 'lord'\c
<hw>domaine</hw> \K/d\F'\n"meIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot Drink\i a vineyard. \BEtymology:\b \3French: see \J\Xdomain\x\j\c
<hw>dome</hw> \K/d\F'\nUm/\k \In. & v.\i \IArchit\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a rounded vault as a roof, with a circular, elliptical, or polygonal base; a large cupola. \Bb\b \IAstron\i the revolving openable hemispherical roof of an observatory.\p\B2\b \Ba\b a natural vault or canopy (of the sky, trees, etc.). \Bb\b the rounded summit of a hill etc.\p\B3\b \IGeol.\i a dome-shaped structure.\p\B4\b \Islang\i the head.\p\B5\b \Ipoet.\i a stately building. \Iv.tr.\i (usu. as \Bdomed\b \Iadj.)\i cover with or shape as a dome. \Bdomelike\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Id⌠me\i via Italian \Iduomo\i 'cathedral, dome' from Latin \Idomus\i 'house'\c
<hw>Domesday</hw> \K/"du:mzdeI/\k\p\In.\i\p(in full \BDomesday Book)\b a record of the lands of England made in 1086 by order of William I. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English variant of \J\Xdoomsday\x,\j as being a book of final authority\c
<hw>domestic</hw> \K/d\F'\n"mEstIk/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of the home, household, or family affairs.\p\B2\b \Ba\b of one's own country, not foreign or international. \Bb\b home-grown or home-made.\p\B3\b (of an animal) kept by or living with humans.\p\B4\b fond of home life.\p\In.\i\pa household servant. \Bdomestically\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Idomestique\i from Latin \Idomesticus,\i from \Idomus\i 'home'\c
<hw>domesticate</hw> \K/d\F'\n"mEstIkeIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b tame (an animal) to live with humans.\p\B2\b accustom to home life and management.\p\B3\b naturalize (a plant or animal). \Bdomesticable\b \K/-k\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Bdomestication\b \K/-"keIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Idomesticare\i (as \J\Xdomestic\x)\j\c
<hw>domesticity</hw> \K/dQmE"stIsIti/, /d\F'\nUm-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the state of being domestic.\p\B2\b domestic or home life.
<hw>domestic science</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IEducation\i the study of household management.
<hw>domicile</hw> \K/"dQmIsVIl/, /-sIl/\k \In. & v.\i (also \Bdomicil\b \K/-sIl/\k)\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a dwelling place; one's home.\p\B2\b \ILaw\i \Ba\b a place of permanent residence. \Bb\b the fact of residing.\p\B3\b \ICommerce\i the place at which a bill of exchange is made payable. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b (usu. as \Bdomiciled\b \Iadj.)\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bat,\b \Bin)\b\i establish or settle in a place.\p\B2\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bat)\b\i \ICommerce\i make (a bill of exchange) payable at a certain place. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Idomicilium,\i from \Idomus\i 'home'\c
<hw>domiciliary</hw> \K/dQmI"sIlI\F'\nri/\k \Iadj.\i of a dwelling place (esp. \BBrit.\b of a doctor's, official's, etc., visit to a person's home). \BEtymology:\b \3French \Idomiciliaire\i from medieval Latin \Idomiciliarius\i (as \J\Xdomicile\x)\j\c
<hw>dominance</hw> \K/"dQmIn\F'\nns/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the state of being dominant.\p\B2\b control, authority.
<hw>dominant</hw> \K/"dQmIn\F'\nnt/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b dominating, prevailing, most influential.\p\B2\b (of a high place) prominent, overlooking others.\p\B3\b \IBiol\i \Ba\b (of an allele) expressed even when inherited from only one parent. \Bb\b (of an inherited characteristic) appearing in an individual even when its allelic counterpart is also inherited \I(cf.\i \J\Xrecessive\x).\j\p\In.\i\p\IMus.\i the fifth note of the diatonic scale of any key. \Bdominantly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French from Latin \Idominari\i (as \J\Xdominate\x)\j\c
<hw>dominate</hw> \K/"dQmIneIt/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr. & \I(foll. by \Bover)\b\i intr.\i have a commanding influence on; exercise control over \3(fear dominated them for years;\c \2dominates over his friends).\c\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i (of a person, sound, feature of a scene, etc.) be the most influential or conspicuous.\p\B3\b \Itr. & \I(foll. by \Bover)\b\i intr.\i (of a building etc.) have a commanding position over; overlook. \Bdominator\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idominari dominat-\i from \Idominus\i 'lord'\c
<hw>domination</hw> \K/dQmI"neIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b command, control.\p\B2\b the act or an instance of dominating; the process of being dominated.\p\B3\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \IRelig\i angelic beings of the fourth order of the celestial hierarchy (see \J\Xorder\x\p\In.\i\p19).\j \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Idominatio -onis\i (as \J\Xdominate\x)\j\c
<hw>dominatrix</hw> \K/dQmI"neItrIks/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bdominatrices\b \K/-trIsi:z/\k) \ISex\i a female dominator or ruler, esp. in sadomasochistic practices.\Knew f. SOED, corpus Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Latin\c
<hw>domineer</hw> \K/dQmI"nI\F'\n/\k \Iv.intr.\i (often as \Bdomineering\b \Iadj.)\i behave in an arrogant and overbearing way. \Bdomineeringly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Dutch \Idomineren\i from French \Idominer\i\c
<hw>dominical</hw> \K/d\F'\n"mInIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \IRelig\i\p\B1\b of the Lord's day, of Sunday.\p\B2\b of the Lord (Jesus Christ). \BEtymology:\b \3French \Idominical\i or Latin \Idominicalis\i from Latin \Idominicus,\i from \Idominus\i 'lord'\c
<hw>dominical letter</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IEccl\i (in the Christian Church) one of the seven letters A-G used to indicate the dates of Sundays in a year. The seven letters A-G are used in succession to denote the first seven days of the year (Jan. 1-7), then in rotation for the rest of the days, so that if, for example, Jan. 3 be a Sunday, the dominical letter for the year is C.
<hw>Dominican</hw> \K/d\F'\n"mInIk(\F'\n)n/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IRelig\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of or relating to St Dominic or the order of preaching friars which he founded in 1215-16.\p\B2\b of or relating to either of the two orders of female religious orders founded on Dominican principles.\p\In.\i\pa Dominican friar, nun, or sister (see also \J\XBlack Friar\x).\j \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \IDominicanus\i from \IDominicus,\i the Latin name of \IDomingo\i de Guzmßn (St Dominic)\c
<hw>dominie</hw> \K/"dQmIni/\k\p\In.\i\p\BSc.\b \IEducation\i a schoolmaster. \BEtymology:\b \3later spelling of \Idomine\i 'sir', vocative of Latin \Idominus\i 'lord'\c
<hw>dominion</hw> \K/d\F'\n"mInj\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b sovereignty, control.\p\B2\b the territory of a sovereign or government; a domain.\p\B3\b \Ihist.\i the title of each of the self-governing territories of the British Commonwealth. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French and medieval Latin \Idominio -onis\i from Latin \Idominium,\i from \Idominus\i 'lord'\c
<hw>domino</hw> \K/"dQmIn\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-oes)\b\p\B1\b \IGames\i \Ba\b any of 28 small oblong pieces marked with 0-6 pips in each half. \Bb\b \I(in \Bpl.,\b\i \Iusu. treated as \Bsing.)\b\i a game played with these.\p\B2\b \IClothing\i a loose cloak with a mask for the upper part of the face, worn at masquerades. \BEtymology:\b \3French, probably from Latin \Idominus\i 'lord', but unexplained\c
<hw>domino effect</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bdomino theory)\b \IPolit\i the effect whereby (or the theory that) one event will cause a sequence of similar events, like a row of falling dominoes.
<hw>don (1)</hw> \K/dQn/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IEducation\i a university teacher, esp. a senior member of a college at Oxford or Cambridge.\p\B2\b \B(Don)\b \Ba\b a Spanish title prefixed to a male forename. \Bb\b a Spanish gentleman; a Spaniard. \Bc\b \BN. Amer.\b \Islang\i a high-ranking member of the Mafia.\Ksense 2c new f. F. Abate, NSOED Nov 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish from Latin \Idominus\i 'lord'\c
<hw>don (2)</hw> \K/dQn/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(donned,\b \Bdonning)\b put on (clothing). \BEtymology:\b \3= \Ido on\i\c
<hw>dona</hw> \K/"d\F'\nUn\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bdonah)\b \BBrit.\b \Islang\i a woman; a sweetheart. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish \Ido±a\i or Portuguese \Idona\i from Latin (as \J\Xdonna\x)\j\c
<hw>donate</hw> \K/d\F'\n(U)"neIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i give or contribute (money etc.), esp. voluntarily to a fund or institution. \Bdonator\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3back-formation from \J\Xdonation\x\j\c
<hw>donation</hw> \K/d\F'\n(U)"neIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or an instance of donating.\p\B2\b something, esp. an amount of money, donated. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Idonatio -onis,\i from \Idonare\i 'give' from \Idonum\i 'gift'\c
<hw>donative</hw> \K/"d\F'\nUn\F'\ntIv/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\pa gift or donation, esp. one given formally or officially as a largess. \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b given as a donation or bounty.\p\B2\b \Ihist.\i (of a benefice) given directly, not presentative. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Idonativum\i 'gift, largess', from \Idonare:\i see \J\Xdonation\x\j\c
<hw>done</hw> \K/dVn/\k \I\Ipast part.\i of\i \J\Xdo\x (1).\j \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \Icolloq.\i socially acceptable \3(the done thing;\c \2it isn't done).\c\p\B2\b \I(often with \Bin,\b \Bup)\b\i \Icolloq.\i tired out.\p\B3\b \I(esp. as \Bint.\b in reply to an offer etc.)\i accepted.\p\1be done with\c have finished with, be finished with.\p\1done for\c \Icolloq.\i in serious trouble.\p\1have done\c have ceased or finished.\p\1have done with\c be rid of; have finished dealing with.
<hw>donee</hw> \K/d\F'\nU"ni:/\k\p\In.\i\pthe recipient of a gift. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xdonor\x\j + \J\X-ee\x\j\c
<hw>doner kebab</hw> \K/"dQn\F'\n/, /"d\F'\nUn\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pspiced lamb cooked on a spit and served in slices, often with pitta bread.\Knew f. SOED Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Turkish \Id÷ner\i 'rotating' + \J\Xkebab\x\j\c
<hw>dong (1)</hw> \K/dQN/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i make the deep sound of a large bell.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \BAustral.\b & \BNZ\b \Icolloq.\i hit, punch.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the deep sound of a large bell.\p\B2\b \BAustral.\b & \BNZ\b \Icolloq.\i a heavy blow.\p\B3\b \Icoarse slang\i the penis.\Ksense 3 new f. NSOED, Collins Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3imitative\c
<hw>dong (2)</hw> \K/dQN/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICurrency\i the chief monetary unit of Vietnam. \BEtymology:\b \3Vietnamese\c
<hw>donga</hw> \K/"dQNg\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BS.Afr.\b & \BAustral.\b \IGeog\i\p\B1\b a dry watercourse.\p\B2\b a ravine caused by erosion. \BEtymology:\b \3Nguni\c
<hw>dongle</hw> \K/"dQNg(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\IComputing\i a security attachment which is needed for the use of protected computer software. \BEtymology:\b \3arbitrary formation\c
<hw>donjon</hw> \K/"dQndZ(\F'\n)n/, /"dVn-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFortification\i the great tower or innermost keep of a castle. \BEtymology:\b \3archaic spelling of \J\Xdungeon\x\j\c
<hw>Don Juan</hw> \K/dQn "dZU\F'\nn/, /"wA:n/, /"xwA:n/\k\p\In.\i\pa seducer of women; a libertine. \BEtymology:\b \3name of a legendary Spanish nobleman celebrated in fiction, e.g. by Byron\c
<hw>donkey</hw> \K/"dQNki/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-eys)\b\p\B1\b \IZool\i a domestic ass.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i a stupid or foolish person. \BEtymology:\b \3earlier with pronunciation as \Imonkey:\i perhaps from \J\Xdun\x (1),\j or the name \IDuncan\i\c
<hw>donkey derby</hw>\p\In.\i\pa race between competitors riding donkeys.\Knew f. News Sep 93\k
<hw>donkey engine</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMech\i a small auxiliary engine.
<hw>donkey jacket</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IClothing\i a thick weatherproof jacket worn by workers and as a fashion garment.
<hw>donkey's years</hw> \In.pl.\i \Icolloq.\i a very long time.
<hw>donkey work</hw>\p\In.\i\pthe laborious part of a job; drudgery.
<hw>donna</hw> \K/"dQn\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an Italian, Spanish, or Portuguese lady.\p\B2\b \B(Donna)\b a title prefixed to the forename of such a lady. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian from Latin \Idomina\i 'mistress', fem. of \Idominus:\i cf. \J\Xdon\x (1)\j\c
\B\IdonnΘe\b\i \K/"dQneI/, French /dOne/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \B\IdonnΘ)\b\i\p\B1\b the subject or theme of a story etc.\p\B2\b a basic fact or assumption. \BEtymology:\b \3French, fem. or masc. past part. of \Idonner\i 'give'\c
<hw>donnish</hw> \K/"dQnIS/\k \Iadj.\i like or resembling a college don, esp. in supposed pedantry. \Bdonnishly\b \Iadv.\i \Bdonnishness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>donor</hw> \K/"d\F'\nUn\F'\n/, /-nO:/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person who gives or donates something (e.g. to a charity).\p\B2\b \IMed\i a person who provides blood for a transfusion, semen for insemination, or an organ or tissue for transplantation.\p\B3\b \IChem.\i an atom or molecule that provides a pair of electrons in forming a coordinate bond.\p\B4\b \IPhysics\i an impurity atom in a semiconductor which contributes a conducting electron to the material. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Anglo-French \Idonour,\i Old French \Idoneur\i from Latin \Idonator -oris,\i from \Idonare\i 'give'\c
<hw>donor card</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i an official card authorizing use of organs for transplant, carried by the donor.
<hw>don't</hw> \K/d\F'\nUnt/\k \Icontr.\i do not.\p\In.\i\pa prohibition \3(dos and don'ts).\c
<hw>doodah</hw> \K/"du:dA:/\k\p\In.\i\p\Icolloq.\i\p\B1\b a fancy article; a trivial ornament.\p\B2\b a gadget or 'thingummy'.\p\1all of a doodah\c excited, dithering. \BEtymology:\b \3from the refrain of the song \ICamptown Races\i\c
<hw>doodle</hw> \K/"du:d(\F'\n)l/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.intr.\i scribble or draw, esp. absent-mindedly.\p\In.\i\pa scrawl or drawing so made. \Bdoodler\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3originally = foolish person: from Low German \Idudelkopf\i\c
<hw>doodlebug</hw> \K/"du:d(\F'\n)lbVg/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \BUS\b \IZool\i any of various insects, esp. the larva of an ant-lion.\p\B2\b \BUS\b \IMineral\i an unscientific device for locating minerals.\p\B3\b \BBrit.\b \IMil\i \Icolloq.\i a flying bomb.
<hw>doom</hw> \K/du:m/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a grim fate or destiny. \Bb\b death or ruin.\p\B2\b \Ba\b a condemnation; a judgement or sentence. \Bb\b \IRelig\i the Last Judgement \3(the crack of doom).\c\p\B3\b \Ihist.\i a statute, law, or decree. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bto)\b\i condemn or destine \3(a city doomed to destruction).\c\p\B2\b (esp. as \Bdoomed\b \Iadj.)\i consign to misfortune or destruction. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Idom\i 'statute, judgement', from Germanic: related to \J\Xdo\x (1)\j\c
<hw>doom-laden</hw> \Iadj.\i portending, suggesting, or predicting doom.\Knew f. corpus, SOED Sep 93\k
<hw>doomsayer</hw> \K/"du:mseI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pa person who predicts disaster, esp. in politics or economics.\Knew f. Incomings, OED2 Sep 93\k \Bdoomsaying\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>doomsday</hw> \K/"du:mzdeI/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i the day of the Last Judgement.\p\1till doomsday\c for ever \I(cf.\i \J\XDomesday\x).\j \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Idomes dµg:\i see \J\Xdoom\x\j\c
<hw>doomster</hw> \K/"du:mst\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p= \J\Xdoomsayer\x.\j\Knew f. SOED, corpus Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3variant of \J\Xdeemster\x\j on the pattern of \J\Xdoom\x\p\Iv.\i\p\j\c
<hw>doomwatch</hw> \K/"du:mwQtS/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISociol\i organized vigilance or observation to avert danger, esp. from environmental pollution. \Bdoomwatcher\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>Doona</hw> \K/"du:n\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BAustral.\b \Ipropr.\i a quilted eiderdown or duvet.\Knew f. News Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \320th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>door</hw> \K/dO:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBuilding\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a hinged, sliding, or revolving barrier for closing and opening an entrance to a building, room, cupboard, etc. \Bb\b this as representing a house etc. \3(lives two doors away).\c\p\B2\b \Ba\b an entrance or exit; a doorway. \Bb\b a means of access or approach.\p\1close the door to\c exclude the opportunity for.\p\1lay (or lie) at the door of\c impute (or be imputable) to.\p\1leave the door open\c ensure that an option remains available.\p\1open the door to\c create an opportunity for. \Bdoored\b \Iadj.\i \I(also in \Bcomb.).\b\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iduru,\i \Idor,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>doorbell</hw> \K/"dO:bEl/\k\p\In.\i\pa bell in a house etc. rung by visitors outside to signal their arrival.
<hw>doorcase</hw> \K/"dO:keIs/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bdoor frame)\b \IBuilding\i the structure into which a door is fitted.
<hw>do-or-die</hw> \Iattrib.adj.\i denoting a determination not to be deterred by any danger or difficulty.\Knew f. OED, corpus Sep 93\k
<hw>door head</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBuilding\i the upper part of a doorcase.
<hw>doorknob</hw> \K/"dO:nQb/\k\p\In.\i\pa knob for turning to release the latch of a door.
<hw>doorknock</hw> \K/"dO:nQk/\k\p\In.\i\p\BAustral.\b a campaign of house visits to collect for charity, promote a cause, etc.\Knew f. Incomings, Collins Sep 93\k
<hw>door knocker</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a handle of metal or wood fixed to a door by a hinge to allow visitors to signal their arrival by knocking.\p\B2\b a person who visits a number of houses to sell products, canvass votes, etc.\Knew f. Incomings Sep 93\k
<hw>doorman</hw> \K/"dO:m\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-men)\b a person on duty at the door to a large building; a janitor or porter.
<hw>doormat</hw> \K/"dO:mat/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a mat at an entrance for wiping mud etc. from the shoes.\p\B2\b a feebly submissive person.
<hw>doornail</hw> \K/"dO:neIl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBuilding\i a nail with which doors were studded for strength or ornament.\p\1dead as a doornail\c completely or unmistakably dead.
<hw>door plate</hw>\p\In.\i\pa plate on the door of a house or room bearing the name of the occupant.
<hw>doorpost</hw> \K/"dO:p\F'\nUst/\k\p\In.\i\peach of the uprights of a door frame.
<hw>doorstep</hw> \K/"dO:stEp/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a step leading up to the outer door of a house etc.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b \IFood\i \Islang\i a thick slice of bread.\p\Iv.\i\p\B(-stepped,\b \B-stepping)\b \BBrit.\b \IPolit Commerce\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i go from door to door selling, canvassing, etc.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i (of a reporter) wait on the doorstep for (a person), to obtain an interview, photograph, etc.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i leave (a child) to the care of someone else.\Ksense 2 and 3 of verb new f. News Sep 93\k\p\1on one's (or the) doorstep\c very close.
<hw>doorstop</hw> \K/"dO:stQp/\k\p\In.\i\pa device for keeping a door open or to prevent it from striking a wall etc. when opened.
<hw>door-to-door</hw> \Iadj.\i \ICommerce\i (of selling etc.) done at each house in turn.
<hw>doorway</hw> \K/"dO:weI/\k\p\In.\i\pan opening filled by a door.
<hw>dooryard</hw> \K/"dO:jA:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b a yard or garden near a house door.
<hw>dop</hw> \K/dQp/\k\p\In.\i\p\BS.Afr.\b \IDrink\i\p\B1\b a cheap kind of brandy.\p\B2\b a tot of liquor. \BEtymology:\b \3Afrikaans\c
<hw>dopa</hw> \K/"d\F'\nUp\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiochem.\i an amino acid derivative which is a precursor of dopamine. \ISee also\i \J\Xl-dopa\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3German from \ID\ii\Io\ixy\Ip\ihenyl\Ia\ilanine, former name of the compound\c
<hw>dopamine</hw> \K/"d\F'\nUp\F'\nmi:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiochem.\i an amine present in the body as a neurotransmitter and a precursor of other substances including adrenalin.\Knew f. NSOED Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xdopa\x\j + \J\Xamine\x\j\c
<hw>dopant</hw> \K/"d\F'\nUp(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IElectronics\i a substance used in doping a semiconductor.
<hw>dope</hw> \K/d\F'\nUp/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IAeron\i a varnish applied to the cloth surface of aeroplane parts to strengthen them, keep them airtight, etc.\p\B2\b a thick liquid used as a lubricant etc.\p\B3\b a substance added to petrol etc. to increase its effectiveness.\p\B4\b \Ba\b \Islang\i a narcotic; a stupefying drug. \Bb\b \IRacing Sport\i a drug etc. given to a horse or greyhound, or taken by an athlete, to affect performance.\p\B5\b \Islang\i a stupid person.\p\B6\b \Islang\i \Ba\b information about a subject, esp. if not generally known. \Bb\b misleading information.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i administer dope to, drug.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \IElectronics\i add an impurity to (a semiconductor) to produce a desired electrical characteristic.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i smear, daub; apply dope to.\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i take addictive drugs.\p\Bdope out\b \Islang\i discover. \Bdoper\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Dutch \Idoop\i 'sauce' from \Idoopen\i 'to dip'\c
<hw>dopey</hw> \K/"d\F'\nUpi/\k \Iadj.\i (also \Bdopy)\b \B(dopier,\b \Bdopiest)\b \Icolloq.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b half asleep. \Bb\b stupefied by or as if by a drug.\p\B2\b stupid, silly. \Bdopily\b \Iadv.\i \Bdopiness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>doppelgΣnger</hw> \K/"dQp(\F'\n)lgEN\F'\n/, /-gaN\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pan apparition or double of a living person. \BEtymology:\b \3German, literally 'double-goer'\c
<hw>Dopper</hw> \K/"dQp\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BS.Afr.\b \IRelig\i a member of the Gereformeerde Kerk, a strictly orthodox Calvinistic denomination, usu. regarded as old-fashioned in ideas etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Afrikaans: origin unknown\c
<hw>Doppler effect</hw> \K/"dQpl\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \BDoppler shift)\b \IPhysics\i an increase (or decrease) in the frequency of sound, light, or other waves as the source and observer move towards (or away) from each other. \BEtymology:\b \3named after C. J. \IDoppler,\i Austrian physicist d. 1853\c
<hw>dopy</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xdopey\x.\j
<hw>dor</hw> \K/dO:/\k\p\In.\i\p(in full \Bdor-beetle)\b \IZool\i a beetle that makes a buzzing sound in flight, esp. a dung-beetle of the genus \IGeotrupes.\i\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Jan 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Idora\i\c
<hw>dorado</hw> \K/d\F'\n"rA:d\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b \IZool\i\p\B1\b a blue and silver marine fish, Coryphaena hippurus, showing brilliant colours when alive; \Ialso called\i \Idolphin.\i\p\B2\b a gold-coloured freshwater fish, Salminus maxillosus, native to S. America. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish from Late Latin \Ideauratus\i 'gilt', from \Iaurum\i 'gold'\c
<hw>Dorian</hw> \K/"dO:rI\F'\nn/\k \In. & adj.\i \IPeople\i\p\In.\i\p\I(in \Bpl.)\b\i a Greek-speaking people thought to have entered Greece from the north \Ic\i1100 bc and settled in parts of Central and S. Greece. \Iadj.\i of or relating to the Dorians or to Doris in Central Greece. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \IDorius\i from Greek \IDorios,\i from \IDoros,\i the name of their mythical ancestor\c
<hw>Dorian mode</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMus.\i the mode represented by the natural diatonic scale D-D.
<hw>Doric</hw> \K/"dQrIk/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b (of a dialect) broad, rustic.\p\B2\b \IArchit.\i of the oldest, sturdiest, and simplest of the Greek orders.\p\B3\b \ILanguage\i of or relating to the ancient Greek dialect of the Dorians.\K3 new f. OERD Sept 94\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b rustic English or esp. Scots.\p\B2\b \IArchit.\i the Doric order.\p\B3\b \ILanguage\i the dialect of the Dorians in ancient Greece. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \IDoricus\i from Greek \IDorikos\i (as \J\XDorian\x)\j\c
<hw>dork</hw> \K/dO:k/\k\p\In.\i\p\Islang\i\p\B1\b the penis.\p\B2\b a stupid or contemptible person.\Knew f. SOED Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \320th \Ic.\i: origin unknown\c
<hw>dormant</hw> \K/"dO:m(\F'\n)nt/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b lying inactive as in sleep; sleeping.\p\B2\b \Ba\b (of a volcano etc.) temporarily inactive. \Bb\b (of potential faculties etc.) in abeyance.\p\B3\b \IBiol\i (of plants) alive but not actively growing.\p\B4\b \IHeraldry\i (of a beast) lying with its head on its paws. \Bdormancy\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French, pres. part. of \Idormir,\i from Latin \Idormire\i 'sleep'\c
<hw>dormer</hw> \K/"dO:m\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p(in full \Bdormer window)\b \IArchit Building\i a projecting upright window in a sloping roof. \BEtymology:\b \3formerly = the window of a dormitory or bedroom: Old French \Idormδor\i (as \J\Xdormant\x)\j\c
<hw>dormer bungalow</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IArchit Building\i a two-storeyed house with dormer windows in the upper storey.\Knew f. SOED Sep 93\k
<hw>dormitory</hw> \K/"dO:mIt(\F'\n)ri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \IEducation etc.\i a sleeping room with several beds, esp. in a school or institution.\p\B2\b (in full \Bdormitory town\b etc.) \IDemog\i a small town or suburb from which people travel to work in a city etc.\p\B3\b \BUS\b \IEducation\i a university or college hall of residence or hostel. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Idormitorium,\i from \Idormire dormit-\i 'sleep'\c
<hw>Dormobile</hw> \K/"dO:m\F'\n(U)bi:l/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ITransport\i \Ipropr.\i a type of motor caravan with a rear compartment convertible for sleeping and eating in. \BEtymology:\b \3blend of \J\Xdormitory\x,\j \J\Xautomobile\x\j\c
<hw>dormouse</hw> \K/"dO:maUs/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bdormice)\b \IZool\i any mouselike rodent of the family Gliridae, often having a bushy tail, esp. Muscardinus avellanarius, noted for its long hibernation. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English: origin unknown, but associated with French \Idormir,\i Latin \Idormire:\i see \J\Xdormant\x\j\c
<hw>dormy</hw> \K/"dO:mi/\k \Iadj.\i \IGolf\i (of a player or side) ahead by as many holes as there are holes left to play \3(dormy five).\c \BEtymology:\b \319th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>doronicum</hw> \K/d\F'\n"rQnIk\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i = \J\Xleopard's bane\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin (Linnaeus), ultimately from Arabic \Idaranaj\i\c
<hw>dorp</hw> \K/dO:p/\k\p\In.\i\p\BS.Afr.\b a village or small township. \BEtymology:\b \3Dutch (as \J\Xthorp\x)\j\c
<hw>dorsal</hw> \K/"dO:s(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \IAnat.,\i \IZool.,\i & \IBot.\i\p\B1\b of, on, or near the back \I(cf.\i \J\Xventral\x).\j\p\B2\b ridge-shaped. \Bdorsally\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Idorsal\i or Late Latin \Idorsalis\i from Latin \Idorsum\i 'back'\c
<hw>dorsum</hw> \K/"dO:s\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnat.\i & \IZool.\i the dorsal part of an organism or structure.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Jan 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = back\c
<hw>dory (1)</hw> \K/"dO:ri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IZool\i a marine fish of the family Zeidae, with a thin deep body, esp. the John Dory. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from French \IdorΘe,\i fem. past part. of \Idorer\i 'gild' (as \J\Xdorado\x)\j\c
<hw>dory (2)</hw> \K/"dO:ri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \BN. Amer.\b & \BW.Ind.\b a flat-bottomed fishing boat with high sides. \BEtymology:\b \3Miskito \Id≤ri\i 'dugout'\c
<hw>doryphore</hw> \K/"dQrIfO:/\k\p\In.\i\pa self-righteously pedantic critic.\Knew f. NSOED Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3French, = Colorado beetle, from Greek \Idoruphoros\i 'spear-carrier'\c
<hw>DOS</hw> \K/dQs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IComputing\i a program for manipulating information on a disk. \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation of \Id\iisk \Io\iperating \Is\iystem\c
\B\Idos-α-dos\b\i \K/d\F'\nUz\F'\n"d\F'\nU/, French /dozado/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i \IBookbinding\i (of two books) bound together with a shared central board and facing in opposite directions.\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i same) \IFurniture Transport\i a seat, carriage, etc., in which the occupants sit back to back \I(cf.\i \J\Xdo-se-do\x).\j \BEtymology:\b \3French, = back to back\c
<hw>dosage</hw> \K/"d\F'\nUsIdZ/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i\p\B1\b the size of a dose of medicine, radiation, etc.\p\B2\b the giving of medicine in doses.
<hw>dose</hw> \K/d\F'\nUs/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMed\i an amount of a medicine or drug taken or recommended to be taken at one time.\p\B2\b a quantity of something administered or allocated (e.g. work, praise, punishment, etc.).\p\B3\b \IPhysics\i the amount of ionizing radiation received by a person or thing.\p\B4\b \Islang\i a venereal infection. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \IMed\i treat (a person or animal) with doses of medicine.\p\B2\b give a dose or doses to.\p\B3\b adulterate or blend (esp. wine with spirit).\p\1like a dose of salts\c \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i very fast and efficiently. \BEtymology:\b \3French via Late Latin \Idosis\i from Greek \Idosis\i 'gift', from \Ididomi\i 'give'\c
<hw>do-se-do</hw> \K/d\F'\nUzI"d\F'\nU/, /-sI-/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bdo-si-do)\b \I(pl.\i \B-os)\b \IDancing\i a figure in which two dancers pass round each other back to back and return to their original positions. \BEtymology:\b \3corruption of \J\Xdos-α-dos\x\j\c
<hw>dosimeter</hw> \K/d\F'\nU"sImIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bdosemeter\b \K/"d\F'\nUsmi:t\F'\n/\k) \IPhysics\i a device used to measure an absorbed dose of ionizing radiation. \Bdosimetric\b \K/-"mEtrIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Bdosimetry\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>doss</hw> \K/dQs/\k \Iv. & n.\i \BBrit.\b \Islang\i \Iv.intr.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bdown)\b\i sleep, esp. roughly or in cheap lodgings.\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Babout,\b \Baround)\b\i spend time idly.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a bed, esp. in cheap lodgings.\p\B2\b an easy task; an opportunity for, or spell of, idling.\Ksense 2 of verb new f. POD8. Sense 2 of noun new f. corpus Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \318th c.: origin uncertain, perhaps ultimately from Latin \Idorsum\i 'back'\c
<hw>dossal</hw> \K/"dQs(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\IEccl\i a hanging cloth behind an altar or round a chancel. \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Idossale\i from Late Latin \Idorsalis\i \J\Xdorsal\x\j\c
<hw>dosser</hw> \K/"dQs\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \Islang\i\p\B1\b a person who dosses.\p\B2\b = \J\Xdoss-house\x.\j
<hw>doss-house</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ISociol\i a cheap lodging house, esp. for vagrants.
<hw>dossier</hw> \K/"dQsI\F'\n/, /-IeI/, /-jeI/\k\p\In.\i\pa set of documents, esp. a collection of information about a person, event, or subject. \BEtymology:\b \3French, so called from the label on the back, from \Idos\i 'back' from Latin \Idorsum\i\c
<hw>DoT</hw> \Iabbr.\i (in the UK) Department of Transport.
<hw>dot (1)</hw> \K/dQt/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a small spot, speck, or mark. \Bb\b such a mark written or printed as part of an \Ii\i or \Ij,\i as a diacritical mark, as one of a series of marks to signify omission, or as a full stop. \Bc\b a decimal point.\p\B2\b \IMus.\i a dot used to denote the lengthening of a note or rest, or to indicate staccato.\p\B3\b \ITelegraphy\i the shorter signal of the two used in Morse code \I(cf.\i \J\Xdash\x\p\In.\i\p6).\j\p\B4\b a tiny or apparently tiny object \3(a dot on the horizon).\c \Iv.tr.\i \B(dotted,\b \Bdotting)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b mark with a dot or dots. \Bb\b place a dot over (a letter).\p\B2\b \IMus.\i mark (a note or rest) to show that the time value is increased by half.\p\B3\b \I(often foll. by \Babout)\b\i scatter like dots.\p\B4\b partly cover as with dots \3(a sea dotted with ships).\c\p\B5\b \BBrit.\b \Islang\i hit \3(dotted him one in the eye).\c\p\1dot the i's and cross the t's\c \Icolloq.\i\p\B1\b be minutely accurate, emphasize details.\p\B2\b add the final touches to a task, exercise, etc.\p\1on the dot\c exactly on time.\p\1the year dot\c \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i a time far in the past. \Bdotter\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Idott\i 'head of a boil', perhaps influenced by Dutch \Idot\i 'knot'\c
\B\Idot\b\i (2) \K/dQt/, French /dOt/\k\p\In.\i\pa woman's dowry. \BEtymology:\b \3French, from Latin \Idos dotis,\i related to \Idare\i 'give'\c
<hw>dotage</hw> \K/"d\F'\nUtIdZ/\k\p\In.\i\pfeeble-minded senility \3(in his dotage).\c \BEtymology:\b \3from \J\Xdote\x\j + \J\X-age\x,\j cf. French \Iradotage,\i from \Iradoter\i ' ramble on'\c
<hw>dotard</hw> \K/"d\F'\nUt\F'\nd/\k\p\In.\i\pa person who is feeble-minded, esp. from senility. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from \J\Xdote\x\j + \J\X-ard\x\j\c
<hw>dote</hw> \K/d\F'\nUt/\k \Iv.intr.\i\p\B1\b \I(foll. by \Bon,\b \Bupon)\b\i be foolishly or excessively fond of.\p\B2\b be silly or feeble-minded, esp. from old age. \Bdoter\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdotingly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, corresponding to Middle Dutch \Idoten\i 'be silly'\c
<hw>dot matrix</hw>\p\In.\i\pa regular array of positions that are filled selectively to create a character (on a screen or on paper).\Knew f. SOED Sep 93\k
<hw>dot matrix printer</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IComputing\i a printer with characters formed from dots printed by configurations of the tips of small wires.
<hw>dotted line</hw>\p\In.\i\pa line of dots on a document, esp. to show a place left for a signature.
<hw>dotterel</hw> \K/"dQt(\F'\n)r(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a small migratory plover, Eudromias morinellus. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from \J\Xdote\x\j + \J\X-rel\x,\j named from the ease with which it is caught, taken to indicate stupidity\c
<hw>dottle</hw> \K/"dQt(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\pa remnant of unburnt tobacco in a pipe. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xdot\x (1)\j + \J\X-le\x (1)\j\c
<hw>douane</hw> \K/du:"A:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i a foreign custom house. \BEtymology:\b \3French via Italian \Ido(g)ana\i from Turkish \Iduwan,\i Arabic \Idiwan:\i cf. \J\Xdivan\x\j\c
<hw>Douay Bible</hw> \K/"du:eI/, /"daUeI/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \BDouay version)\b \IRC Ch\i an English translation of the Bible formerly used in the Roman Catholic Church, completed at Douai in France early in the seventeenth century.
<hw>double</hw> \K/"dVb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj., adv., n., & v.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b consisting of two usu. equal parts or things; twofold. \Bb\b consisting of two identical parts.\p\B2\b twice as much or many \3(double the amount;\c \2double the number;\c \2double thickness).\c\p\B3\b having twice the usual size, quantity, strength, etc. \3(double whisky).\c\p\B4\b designed for two people \3(double bed).\c\p\B5\b \Ba\b having some part double. \Bb\b (of a flower) having more than one circle of petals. \Bc\b (of a domino) having the same number of pips on each half.\p\B6\b having two different roles or interpretations, esp. implying confusion or deceit \3(double meaning;\c \2leads a double life).\c\p\B7\b \IMus.\i lower in pitch by an octave \3(double bassoon).\c \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b at or to twice the amount etc. \3(counts double).\c\p\B2\b two together \3(sleep double).\c\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a double quantity or thing; twice as much or many. \Bb\b \IDrink\i \Icolloq.\i a double measure of spirits.\p\B2\b \Ba\b a counterpart of a person or thing; a person who looks exactly like another. \Bb\b \ITheatr\i an understudy. \Bc\b a wraith.\p\B3\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \ITennis\i \ISport\i (in tennis, badminton, etc.) a game between two pairs of players.\p\B4\b \ISport\i a pair of victories over the same team, a pair of championships at the same game, etc.\p\B5\b \IGambling Racing\i a system of betting in which the winnings and stake from the first bet are transferred to a second.\p\B6\b \IBridge\i the doubling of an opponent's bid.\p\B7\b \IDarts\i a hit on the narrow ring enclosed by the two outer circles of a dartboard, scoring double.\p\B8\b a sharp turn, esp. of the tracks of a hunted animal, or the course of a river.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr. & intr.\i make or become twice as much or many; increase twofold; multiply by two.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i amount to twice as much as.\p\B3\b \Ba\b \Itr.\i fold or bend (paper, cloth, etc.) over on itself. \Bb\b \Iintr.\i become folded.\p\B4\b \ITheatr\i \Ba\b \Itr.\i (of an actor) play (two parts) in the same piece. \Bb\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bfor)\b\i be understudy etc.\p\B5\b \Iintr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bas)\b\i play a twofold role.\p\B6\b \Iintr.\i turn sharply in flight or pursuit; take a tortuous course.\p\B7\b \Itr.\i \INaut.\i sail round (a headland).\p\B8\b \Itr.\i \IBridge\i make a call increasing the value of the points to be won or lost on (an opponent's bid).\p\B9\b \IMus.\i \Ba\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bon)\b\i play two or more musical instruments \3(the clarinettist doubles on tenor sax).\c \Bb\b \Itr.\i add the same note in a higher or lower octave to (a note).\p\B10\b \Itr.\i clench (a fist).\p\B11\b \Iintr.\i move at twice the usual speed; run.\p\B12\b \IBilliards\i \Ba\b \Iintr.\i rebound. \Bb\b \Itr.\i cause to rebound.\p\1at (or \BUS\b on) the double\c running, hurrying.\p\1bent double\c folded, stooping.\p\Bdouble back\b take a new direction opposite to the previous one.\p\1double or nothing\c (or \BBrit.\b \Bquits)\b a gamble to decide whether a player's loss or debt be doubled or cancelled.\Kdouble or nothing added f. F. Abate, corpus Nov 94\k\p\Bdouble up\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b bend or curl up. \Bb\b cause to do this, esp. by a blow.\p\B2\b be overcome with pain or laughter.\p\B3\b share or assign to a room, quarters, etc., with another or others.\p\B4\b fold or become folded.\p\B5\b \IGambling\i use winnings from a bet as stake for another. \Bdoubler\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdoubly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Idoble,\i \Iduble\i \I(n.),\i \Idobler,\i \Idubler\i \I(v.)\i from Latin \Iduplus\i \J\Xduple\x\j\c
<hw>double acrostic</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IProsody\i \IGames\i an acrostic using the first and last letters of each line.
<hw>double act</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ITheatr\i an act involving two people.\Knew f. corpus Sep 93\k
<hw>double agent</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i an agent who purports to spy for one country while working for another.
<hw>double axe</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ITools\i an axe with two blades.
<hw>double-banking</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b double-parking.\p\B2\b \BAustral.\b & \BNZ\b \IRiding\i riding two on a horse etc.
<hw>double-barrelled</hw> \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IBallistics\i (of a gun) having two barrels.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b (of a surname) having two parts joined by a hyphen.\p\B3\b twofold.
<hw>double bass</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMus\i\p\B1\b the largest and lowest-pitched instrument of the violin family.\p\B2\b its player.
<hw>double bill</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ITheatr\i a programme with two principal items.
<hw>double bind</hw>\p\In.\i\pa dilemma.
<hw>double-blind</hw> \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i (of a test or experiment) in which neither the tester nor the subject has knowledge of identities etc. that might lead to bias.\p\In.\i\psuch a test or experiment.
<hw>double bluff</hw>\p\In.\i\pan action or statement intended to appear as a bluff, but in fact genuine.
<hw>double boiler</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i a saucepan with a detachable upper compartment heated by boiling water in the lower one.
<hw>double bond</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i a pair of bonds between two atoms in a molecule.
<hw>double-book</hw> \Iv.tr.\i accept two reservations simultaneously for (the same seat, room, etc.).
<hw>double-breasted</hw> \Iadj.\i \IClothing\i (of a coat etc.) having two fronts overlapping across the body.
<hw>double-check</hw> \Iv.tr.\i verify twice or in two ways.
<hw>double chin</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAnat\i a chin with a fold of loose flesh below it. \Bdouble-chinned\b \Iadj.\i\Kdouble-chinned subsumed Aug 92 aaw\k
<hw>double coconut</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a very large nut of the coco-de-mer.
<hw>double concerto</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMus\i a concerto for two solo instruments.
<hw>double cream</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IFood\i thick cream with a high fat content.
<hw>double-cross</hw> \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.tr.\i deceive or betray (a person one is supposedly helping).\p\In.\i\pan act of doing this. \Bdouble-crosser\b\p\In.\i\p\Kdouble-crosser subsumed Aug 92\k
<hw>double-dealing</hw> \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\pdeceit, esp. in business. \Iadj.\i deceitful; practising deceit. \Bdouble-dealer\b\p\In.\i\p\Kdouble-dealer subsumed Aug 92\k
<hw>double-decker</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ITransport\i a bus having an upper and lower deck.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i anything consisting of two layers.
<hw>double-declutch</hw> \Iv.intr.\i \BBrit.\b \IMech\i release and re-engage the clutch twice when changing gear.
<hw>double decomposition</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i a reaction in which two compounds exchange radicals or ions. \IAlso called\i \Imetathesis.\i
<hw>double density</hw> \Iadj.\i \IComputing\i designating a storage device, esp. a disk, having twice the basic capacity.
<hw>double dummy</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBridge\i play with two hands exposed, allowing every card to be located.\Kpos rom OED but not sure aaw\k
<hw>double Dutch</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i incomprehensible talk.\p\B2\b \BUS\b a jumping game, played with two skipping ropes swung in opposite directions so that they rhythmically cross.\Ksense 2 new f. F. Abate, AHD Nov 94\k
<hw>double-dyed</hw> \Iadj.\i deeply affected with guilt.
<hw>double eagle</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a figure of a two-headed eagle.\p\B2\b \BUS\b \IGolf\i = \J\Xalbatross\x 2.\j\p\B3\b a former US coin worth twenty dollars.
<hw>double-edged</hw> \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b having two functions or (often contradictory) applications.\p\B2\b (of a knife etc.) having two cutting edges.
<hw>double entendre</hw> \K/%du:b(\F'\n)l Q~"tQ~dr(\F'\n)/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a word or phrase open to two interpretations, one usu. risquΘ or indecent.\p\B2\b humour using such words or phrases. \BEtymology:\b \3obsolete French, = double understanding\c
<hw>double entry</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i a system of bookkeeping in which each transaction is entered as a debit in one account and a credit in another.
<hw>double exposure</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhotog.\i the accidental or deliberate repeated exposure of a plate, film, etc.
<hw>double-faced</hw> \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b insincere.\p\B2\b \ITextiles\i (of a fabric or material) finished on both sides so that either may be used as the right side.
<hw>double fault</hw> \In. & v.\i \ITennis\i\p\In.\i\ptwo consecutive faults in serving. \Iv.intr.\i \B(double-fault)\b serve a double fault.\Kverb new f. corpus Sep 93\k
<hw>double feature</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICinematog\i a cinema programme with two full-length films.
<hw>double figures</hw> \In.pl.\i the numbers from 10 to 99.
<hw>double first</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IEducation\i\p\B1\b first-class honours in two subjects or examinations at a university.\p\B2\b a person achieving this.
<hw>double-fronted</hw> \Iadj.\i \IArchit\i (of a house) with principal windows on either side of the front door.
<hw>double glazing</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBuilding\i glazing consisting of two layers of glass with a space between them, designed to reduce loss of heat and exclude noise.\p\B2\b the provision of this. \Bdouble-glazed\b \Iadj.\i
<hw>double Gloucester</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IFood\i a kind of hard cheese originally made in Gloucestershire.
<hw>double-headed</hw> \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b having a double head or two heads.\p\B2\b \ITransport\i (of a train) pulled by two locomotives.\Knew f. corpus, SOED Sep 93\k
<hw>double header</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ITransport\i a train pulled by two locomotives coupled together.\p\B2\b \BN. Amer.\b \ISport\i two games etc. in succession between the same opponents.\p\B3\b \BAustral.\b \Icolloq.\i a coin with a head on both sides.
<hw>double helix</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBiol\i a pair of parallel helices with a common axis, esp. in the structure of the DNA molecule.
<hw>double-jointed</hw> \Iadj.\i \IAnat\i having joints that allow unusual bending of the fingers, limbs, etc.
<hw>double knitting</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IKnitting\i a grade of yarn that is double the usual thickness.\Knew f. SOED Sep 93\k
<hw>double-lock</hw> \Iv.tr.\i \IMech\i lock by a double turn of the key.
<hw>double napoleon</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICurrency\i \Ihist.\i a forty-franc piece.
<hw>double negative</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IGram.\i a negative statement containing two negative elements (e.g. \Ididn't say nothing).\i The use of the double negative as illustrated is considered ungrammatical in standard English.
<hw>double obelus</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bdouble obelisk)\b \IPrinting\i a sign (¡¡) used to introduce a reference.
<hw>double-park</hw> \Iv.tr. & intr.\i \ITransport\i park (a vehicle) alongside one that is already parked at the roadside.
<hw>double play</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBaseball\i putting out two runners.
<hw>double pneumonia</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i pneumonia affecting both lungs.
<hw>double quick</hw> \Iadj. & adv.\i very quick or quickly.
<hw>double refraction</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IOptics\i \IPhysics\i refraction forming two separate rays from a single incident ray.
<hw>double rhyme</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IProsody\i a rhyme including two syllables.
<hw>double salt</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i a salt composed of two simple salts and having different crystal properties from either.
<hw>double shuffle</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IDancing\i a shuffle executed twice with one foot and then twice with the other.
<hw>double-sided</hw> \Iadj.\i that can be used on both sides.\Knew f. corpus, OED Sep 93\k
<hw>doublespeak</hw> \K/"dVb(\F'\n)lspi:k/\k\p\In.\i\planguage or talk that is (usu. deliberately) ambiguous or obscure.\Knew f. SOED Sep 93\k
<hw>double standard</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a rule or principle applied more strictly to some people than to others (or to oneself).\p\B2\b bimetallism.
<hw>double star</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAstron\i two stars actually or apparently very close together.
<hw>double-stopping</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMus.\i the sounding of two strings at once on a violin etc. \Bdouble stop\b\p\In.\i\p\Kd. stop new f. corpus, incomings Sep 93\k
<hw>doublet</hw> \K/"dVblIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b either of a pair of similar things, esp. either of two words of the same derivation but different sense (e.g. \Ifashion\i and \Ifaction,\i \Icloak\i and \Iclock).\i\p\B2\b \IClothing\i \Ihist.\i a man's short close-fitting jacket, with or without sleeves.\p\B3\b \IBibl Historiog\i a historical or biblical account occurring twice in differing contexts, usu. traceable to different sources.\p\B4\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \IGambling\i the same number on two dice thrown at once.\p\B5\b a pair of associated lines close together in a spectrum.\p\B6\b a combination of two simple lenses. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French, from \Idouble:\i see \J\Xdouble\x\j\c
<hw>double take</hw>\p\In.\i\pa delayed reaction to a situation etc. immediately after one's first reaction.
<hw>doublethink</hw> \K/"dVb(\F'\n)lTINk/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPolit Psychol\i the mental capacity to accept contrary opinions or beliefs at the same time esp. as a result of political indoctrination. \BEtymology:\b \3coined by George Orwell in \INineteen Eighty-Four\i (1949)\c
<hw>double time</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ICommerce\i payment of an employee at twice the normal rate.\p\B2\b \IMil.\i the regulation running pace.
<hw>double-tonguing</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMus.\i a method of tonguing using two alternate tongue movements, usu. made by sounding \It\i and \Ik\i alternately, in order to facilitate rapid playing of a wind instrument.
<hw>double top</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IDarts\i a score of double twenty.
<hw>double whammy</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Icolloq.\i a twofold blow or setback.\Knew f. corpus Sep 93\k
<hw>doubloon</hw> \K/dV"blu:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICurrency\i\p\B1\b \Ihist.\i a Spanish gold coin.\p\B2\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \Islang\i money. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Idoublon\i or Spanish \Idobl≤n\i (as \J\Xdouble\x)\j\c
\B\Idoublure\b\i \K/du:b"ljU\F'\n/, French /dublyr/\k\p\In.\i\pan ornamental lining, usu. leather, inside a book cover. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = lining, from \Idoubler\i 'to line'\c
<hw>doubt</hw> \K/daUt/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a feeling of uncertainty; an undecided state of mind \3(be in no doubt about;\c \2have no doubt that).\c\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Bof,\b \Babout)\b\i an inclination to disbelieve \3(have one's doubts about).\c\p\B3\b an uncertain state of things.\p\B4\b a lack of full proof or clear indication \3(benefit of the doubt).\c\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bwhether,\b \Bif,\b \Bthat\b + clause;\i \Ialso foll. (after \Ineg.\i or \Iinterrog.\i) by \Bbut,\b \Bbut that)\b\i feel uncertain or undecided about \3(I doubt that you are right;\c \2I do not doubt but that you are wrong).\c\p\B2\b \Itr.\i hesitate to believe or trust.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bof)\b\i feel uncertain or undecided; have doubts \3(never doubted of success).\c\p\B4\b \Itr.\i call in question.\p\B5\b \Itr.\i \BBrit.\b \Iarchaic\i or \Idial.\i rather think that; suspect or fear that \3(I doubt we are late).\c\p\1beyond doubt\c certainly.\p\1in doubt\c uncertain; open to question.\p\1no doubt\c certainly; probably; admittedly.\p\1without doubt\c (or \Ba doubt)\b certainly. \Bdoubtable\b \Iadj.\i \Bdoubter\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdoubtingly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Idoute\i \I(n.),\i \Idouter\i \I(v.)\i from Latin \Idubitare\i 'hesitate'\c
<hw>doubtful</hw> \K/"daUtfUl/, /-f(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b feeling doubt or misgivings; unsure or guarded in one's opinion.\p\B2\b causing doubt; ambiguous; uncertain in meaning etc.\p\B3\b unreliable \3(a doubtful ally).\c \Bdoubtfully\b \Iadv.\i \Bdoubtfulness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>doubting Thomas</hw>\p\In.\i\pan incredulous or sceptical person (after John 20:24-29).
<hw>doubtless</hw> \K/"daUtlIs/\k \Iadv.\i \I(often qualifying a sentence)\i\p\B1\b certainly; no doubt.\p\B2\b probably. \Bdoubtlessly\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>douce</hw> \K/du:s/\k \Iadj.\i \BSc.\b sober, gentle, sedate. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Idous douce\i from Latin \Idulcis\i 'sweet'\c
<hw>douche</hw> \K/du:S/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMed\i a jet of liquid applied to part of the body for cleansing or medicinal purposes.\p\B2\b a device for producing such a jet.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i treat with a douche.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i use a douche. \BEtymology:\b \3French from Italian \Idoccia\i 'pipe', from \Idocciare\i 'pour by drops', ultimately from Latin \Iductus:\i see \J\Xduct\x\j\c
<hw>dough</hw> \K/d\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ICookery\i a thick mixture of flour etc. and liquid (usu. water), for baking into bread, pastry, etc.\p\B2\b \Islang\i money. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Idag,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>doughboy</hw> \K/"d\F'\nUbOI/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ICookery\i a boiled or \BUS\b deep-fried dumpling.\p\B2\b \BUS\b \IMil\i \Icolloq.\i a United States infantryman, esp. in the First World War.
<hw>doughnut</hw> \K/"d\F'\nUnVt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Bdonut)\b\p\B1\b \IFood\i a small fried cake of sweetened dough, usu. in the shape of a ball or ring.\p\B2\b a ring-shaped object, \Iesp. Physics\i a vacuum chamber for acceleration of particles in a betatron or synchrotron.
<hw>doughnutting</hw> \K/"d\F'\nUnVtIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPolit. Broadcasting\i the clustering of politicans round a speaker during a televised debate to make him or her appear well supported.\Knew f. POD8, ODNW, corpus Sep 93\k
<hw>doughty</hw> \K/"daUti/\k \Iadj.\i \B(doughtier,\b \Bdoughtiest)\b \Iarchaic\i or \Ijoc.\i valiant, stout-hearted. \Bdoughtily\b \Iadv.\i \Bdoughtiness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Idohtig,\i variant of \Idyhtig,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>doughy</hw> \K/"d\F'\nUi/\k \Iadj.\i \B(doughier,\b \Bdoughiest)\b\p\B1\b having the form or consistency of dough.\p\B2\b pale and sickly in colour. \Bdoughiness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>Douglas fir</hw> \K/"dVgl\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \BDouglas pine\b or \BDouglas spruce)\b \IBot\i any large conifer of the genus \IPseudotsuga,\i of western N. America. \BEtymology:\b \3named after D. \IDouglas,\i Scots botanist d. 1834\c
<hw>doum</hw> \K/du:m/\k\p\In.\i\p(in full \Bdoum-palm)\b \IBot\i a palm tree, Hyphaene thebaica, with edible fruit. \BEtymology:\b \3Arabic \Idawm,\i \Idum\i\c
<hw>dour</hw> \K/"dU\F'\n/\k \Iadj.\i severe, stern, or sullenly obstinate in manner or appearance. \Bdourly\b \Iadv.\i \Bdourness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English (originally Scots), probably from Gaelic \Id·r\i 'dull, obstinate', perhaps from Latin \Idurus\i 'hard'\c
<hw>douroucouli</hw> \K/dU\F'\nrU"ku:li/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bdouroucoulis)\b \IZool\i any nocturnal monkey of the genus \IAotus,\i native to S. America, having large staring eyes. \IAlso called\i \Inight monkey,\i \Iowl monkey.\i \BEtymology:\b \3native name\c
<hw>douse</hw> \K/daUs/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \Bdowse)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b throw water over. \Bb\b plunge into water.\p\B2\b extinguish (a light).\p\B3\b \INaut.\i \Ba\b lower (a sail). \Bb\b close (a porthole). \BEtymology:\b \316th c.: perhaps related to Middle Dutch, Low German \Idossen\i 'strike'\c
<hw>dove (1)</hw> \K/dVv/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool\i any bird of the family Columbidae, with short legs, small head, and large breast.\p\B2\b a gentle or innocent person.\p\B3\b \IPolit.\i an advocate of peace or peaceful policies \I(cf.\i \J\Xhawk\x (1)).\j\p\B4\b \B(Dove)\b \IRelig.\i a representation of the Holy Spirit (John 1:32).\p\B5\b a soft grey colour. \Bdovelike\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old Norse \Id·fa,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>dove (2)</hw> \K/d\F'\nUv/\k \BUS\b \I\Ipast\i and \Ipast part.\i of\i \J\Xdive\x.\j
<hw>dovecote</hw> \K/"dVvkQt/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bdovecot)\b a shelter with nesting-holes for domesticated pigeons.
<hw>dove grey</hw> \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\pa grey colour. \Iadj.\i \I(hyphenated when \Battrib.)\b\i of this colour.\Knew f. corpus Nov 94\k
<hw>dovekie</hw> \K/"dVvki/\k\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer. & Sc.\b \IZool\i = \J\Xlittle auk\x.\j\Knew f. OERD May 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Scots, diminutive of \J\Xdove\x (1)\j\c
<hw>dove's-foot</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a cranesbill, Geranium molle.
<hw>dovetail</hw> \K/"dVvteIl/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\ICarpentry\i\p\B1\b a joint formed by a mortise with a tenon shaped like a dove's spread tail or a reversed wedge.\p\B2\b such a tenon.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i join together by means of a dovetail.\p\B2\b \Itr. & intr.\i \I(often foll. by \Binto,\b \Bwith)\b\i fit readily together; combine neatly or compactly.
<hw>dove tree</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a tree, Davidia involucrata, native to China, whose flowers bear large white bracts like doves' wings.
<hw>dowager</hw> \K/"daU\F'\ndZ\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a widow with a title or property derived from her late husband \3(Queen dowager;\c \2dowager duchess).\c\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i a dignified elderly woman. \BEtymology:\b \3Old French \Idouag(i)ere\i from \Idouage\i (as \J\Xdower\x)\j\c
<hw>dowdy</hw> \K/"daUdi/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i \B(dowdier,\b \Bdowdiest)\b\p\B1\b (of clothes) unattractively dull; unfashionable.\p\B2\b (of a person, esp. a woman) dressed in dowdy clothes.\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b a dowdy woman. \Bdowdily\b \Iadv.\i \Bdowdiness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English \Idowd\i 'slut', of unknown origin\c
<hw>dowel</hw> \K/"daU\F'\nl/\k \In. & v.\i \ICarpentry\i\p\In.\i\pa headless peg of wood, metal, or plastic for holding together components of a structure. \Iv.tr.\i \B(dowelled,\b \Bdowelling;\b \BUS\b \Bdoweled,\b \Bdoweling)\b fasten with a dowel or dowels. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Middle Low German \Idovel:\i perhaps related to \J\Xthole\x (1)\j\c
<hw>dowelling</hw> \K/"daU\F'\nlIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Bdoweling)\b \ICarpentry\i cylindrical rods for cutting into dowels.
<hw>dower</hw> \K/"daU\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ILaw\i a widow's share for life of her husband's estate.\p\B2\b \Iarchaic\i a dowry.\p\B3\b a natural gift or talent. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \Iarchaic\i give a dowry to.\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bwith)\b\i endow with talent etc. \Bdowerless\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Idouaire\i and medieval Latin \Idotarium\i from Latin \Idos dotis;\i related to \Idare\i 'give'\c
<hw>dower house</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b a smaller house near a big one, forming part of a widow's dower.
<hw>dowitcher</hw> \K/"daUItS\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a wading bird of the genus \ILimnodromus,\i breeding in northern N. America and related to sandpipers.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Sept 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Iroquoian\c
<hw>Dow-Jones index</hw> \K/daU"dZ\F'\nUnz/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \BDow-Jones average)\b \ICommerce Stock Exch\i a figure based on the average price of selected stocks, indicating the relative price of shares on the New York Stock Exchange. \BEtymology:\b \3named after C. H. \IDow\i d. 1902 & E. D. \IJones\i d. 1920, American economists\c
<hw>down (1)</hw> \K/daUn/\k \Iadv., prep., adj., v., & n.\i \Iadv.\i \I(superl.\i \Bdownmost)\b\p\B1\b into or towards a lower place, esp. to the ground \3(fall down;\c \2knelt down).\c\p\B2\b in a lower place or position \3(blinds were down).\c\p\B3\b to or in a place regarded as lower, esp.: \Ba\b southwards. \Bb\b \BBrit.\b away from a major city or a university.\p\B4\b \Ba\b in or into a low or weaker position, mood, or condition \3(hit a man when he's down;\c \2many down with colds).\c \Bb\b in a position of lagging behind or losing \3(our team was three goals down;\c \2ú5 down on the transaction).\c \Bc\b \IComputing\i (of a computer system) out of action or unavailable for use (esp. temporarily).\p\B5\b from an earlier to a later time \3(customs handed down;\c \2down to 1600).\c\p\B6\b to a finer or thinner consistency or a smaller amount or size \3(grind down;\c \2water down;\c \2boil down).\c\p\B7\b cheaper; lower in price or value \3(bread is down;\c \2shares are down).\c\p\B8\b into a more settled state \3(calm down).\c\p\B9\b in writing; in or into recorded or listed form \3(copy it down;\c \2I got it down on tape;\c \2you are down to speak next).\c\p\B10\b (of part of a larger whole) paid, dealt with \3(ú5 down, ú20 to pay;\c \2three down, six to go).\c\p\B11\b \INaut.\i \Ba\b with the current or wind. \Bb\b (of a ship's helm) with the rudder to windward.\p\B12\b inclusively of the lower limit in a series \3(read down to the third paragraph).\c\p\B13\b \I(as \Bint.)\b\i lie down, put (something) down, etc.\p\B14\b (of a crossword clue or answer) read vertically \3(cannot do five down).\c\p\B15\b downstairs, esp. after rising \3(is not down yet).\c\p\B16\b swallowed \3(could not get the pill down).\c\p\B17\b \IAmer. Football\i (of the ball) out of play. \Iprep.\i\p\B1\b downwards along, through, or into.\p\B2\b from top to bottom of.\p\B3\b along \3(walk down the road;\c \2cut down the middle).\c\p\B4\b at or in a lower part of \3(situated down the river).\c \Iadj.\i \I(superl.\i \Bdownmost)\b\p\B1\b directed downwards.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b of travel away from a capital or centre \3(the down train;\c \2the down platform).\c \Iv.tr.\i \Icolloq.\i\p\B1\b knock or bring down.\p\B2\b swallow (a drink).\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IWrestling Amer. Football\i \Ba\b \ISport\i an act of putting down. \Bb\b \IAmer. Football\i any of a series of chances to advance the ball for a score.\Ksense 1b nw f. F. Abate Nov 94\k\p\B2\b a reverse of fortune \3(ups and downs).\c\p\B3\b \IPsychol\i \Icolloq.\i a period of depression.\p\B4\b \IDominoes\i the play of the first piece in dominoes.\p\1be (or have a) down on\c \Icolloq.\i disapprove of; show animosity towards.\p\1be down to\c\p\B1\b be attributable to.\p\B2\b be the responsibility of.\p\B3\b have used up everything except \3(down to their last tin of rations).\c\p\1down on one's luck\c \Icolloq.\i\p\B1\b temporarily unfortunate.\p\B2\b dispirited by misfortune.\p\1down to the ground\c \Icolloq.\i completely.\p\1down tools\c \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i cease work, esp. to go on strike.\p\1down with\c \Iint.\i expressing strong disapproval or rejection of a specified person or thing. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Idun(e)\i aphetic form of \Iadune\i 'downward'\c
<hw>down (2)</hw> \K/daUn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnat\i\p\B1\b \IZool\i \Ba\b the first covering of young birds. \Bb\b a bird's under-plumage, used in cushions etc. \Bc\b a layer of fine soft feathers.\p\B2\b fine soft hair esp. on the face.\p\B3\b \IBot\i short soft hairs on some leaves, fruit, seeds, etc.\p\B4\b a fluffy substance, e.g. thistledown. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old Norse \Id·nn\i\c
<hw>down (3)</hw> \K/daUn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeol\i\p\B1\b an area of open rolling land.\p\B2\b \I(in \Bpl.;\b\i \Iusu. prec. by \Bthe)\b\i \Ba\b undulating chalk and limestone uplands esp. in southern England, with few trees and used mainly for pasture. \Bb\b \B(Downs)\b a part of the sea (opposite the North Downs) off E. Kent. \Bdowny\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Idun,\i perhaps from Celtic\c
<hw>down and out</hw> \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i \I(hyphenated when \Battrib.)\b\i\p\B1\b penniless, destitute.\p\B2\b \IBoxing\i unable to resume the fight.\p\In.\i\p\B(down-and-out)\b a destitute person.
<hw>down at heel</hw> \Iadj.\i \Besp. Brit.\b\p\B1\b (of a shoe) with the heel worn down.\p\B2\b (of a person) impoverished; shabby, slovenly.
<hw>downbeat</hw> \K/"daUnbi:t/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\IMus.\i an accented beat, usu. the first of the bar. \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b pessimistic, gloomy.\p\B2\b relaxed.
<hw>downcast</hw> \K/"daUnkA:st/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b (of eyes) looking downwards.\p\B2\b (of a person) dejected.\p\In.\i\p\IMining\i a shaft dug in a mine for extra ventilation.
<hw>downcomer</hw> \K/"daUnkVm\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IEngin\i a pipe for the downward transport of water or gas.
<hw>down draught</hw>\p\In.\i\pa downward draught, esp. one down a chimney into a room.
<hw>downer</hw> \K/"daUn\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Islang\i\p\B1\b \IPharm\i a depressant or tranquillizing drug, esp. a barbiturate.\p\B2\b a depressing person or experience; a failure.\p\B3\b \ICommerce\i = \J\Xdownturn\x.\j
<hw>downfall</hw> \K/"daUnfO:l/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a fall from prosperity or power. \Bb\b the cause of this.\p\B2\b a sudden heavy fall of rain etc.
<hw>downfield</hw> \K/daUn"fi:ld/\k \Iadv.\i \Besp. N. Amer.\b = \J\Xupfield\x.\j\Knew f. News Sep 93\k
<hw>downfold</hw> \K/"daUnf\F'\nUld/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeol.\i a syncline.
<hw>downgrade</hw> \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.tr.\i \K/"daUngreId/, /daUn"greId/\k\p\B1\b make lower in rank or status.\p\B2\b speak disparagingly of.\p\In.\i\p\K/"daUngreId/\k \Besp. US\b\p\B1\b \IGeog\i a downward gradient, esp. on a railway or road; a downward course.\p\B2\b a deterioration or decline.\p\B3\b an instance of downgrading or being downgraded (in sense 1 of \Iv.).\i\Ksense 3 new f. corpus, incomings Sept 94\k\p\1on the downgrade\c \BUS\b in decline.
<hw>downhearted</hw> \K/daUn"hA:tId/\k \Iadj.\i dejected; in low spirits. \Bdownheartedly\b \Iadv.\i \Bdownheartedness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>downhill</hw> \Iadv., adj., & n.\i \Iadv.\i \K/daUn"hIl/\k in a descending direction, esp. towards the bottom of an incline. \Iadj.\i \K/"daUnhIl/\k\p\B1\b sloping down, descending.\p\B2\b declining; deteriorating.\p\In.\i\p\K/"daUnhIl/\k\p\B1\b \ISkiing\i a downhill race.\p\B2\b a downward slope.\p\B3\b a decline.\p\1go downhill\c \Icolloq.\i decline, deteriorate (in health, state of repair, moral state, etc.). \Bdownhiller\b\p\In.\i\p\ISkiing.\i\K-er new f. SOED Sep 93\k
<hw>down-home</hw> \Iattrib.adj.\i \Besp. US\b reminiscent of one's home; unpretentious.\Knew f. SOED, corpus Sep 93\k
<hw>down in the mouth</hw> \Iadj.\i \Icolloq.\i looking unhappy.
<hw>download</hw> \Iv. & n.\i \IComputing\i \Iv.tr.\i \K/daUn"l\F'\nUd/\k transfer (data) from one storage device or system to another (esp. a smaller remote one).\p\In.\i\p\K/"daUnl\F'\nUd/\k \I(often \Battrib.)\b\i a transfer of this type \3(download utilities).\c\Knoun new f. incomings Apr 94\k
<hw>downmarket</hw> \K/daUn"mA:kIt/, /"daUn-/\k \Iadj. & adv.\i \Besp. Brit.\b \Icolloq.\i towards or relating to the cheaper or less affluent sector of the market.
<hw>downmost</hw> \K/"daUnm\F'\nUst/\k \Iadj. & adv.\i \Besp. Brit.\b the furthest down.
<hw>down payment</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i a partial payment made at the time of purchase.
<hw>downpipe</hw> \K/"daUnpVIp/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IPlumbing\i a pipe to carry rainwater from a roof to a drain or to ground level.
<hw>downplay</hw> \K/daUn"pleI/\k \Iv.tr.\i play down; minimize the importance of.
<hw>downpour</hw> \K/"daUnpO:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMeteorol\i a heavy fall of rain.
<hw>downrate</hw> \K/daUn"reIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i make lower in value, standard, importance, etc.; downgrade.\Knew f. News Sep 93\k
<hw>downriver</hw> \Iadv. & adj.\i \Iadv.\i \K/daUn"rIv\F'\n/\k at or towards a point nearer the mouth of a river. \Iadj.\i \K/"daUnrIv\F'\n/\k situated or occurring downriver.\Knew f. corpus, SOED Sep 93\k
<hw>downscale</hw> \K/"daUnskeIl/\k \Iv. & adj.\i \BUS\b \Iv.tr.\i reduce or restrict in size, scale, or extent. \Iadj.\i at the lower end of a scale, esp. a social scale; inferior.
<hw>downshift</hw> \K/"daUnSIft/\k \In. & v.\i \IMech Motoring\i\p\In.\i\pa movement downwards, esp. a change to a lower gear in a motor vehicle. \Iv.intr.\i make a downshift.\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED Mar 94\k
<hw>downside</hw> \K/"daUnsVId/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the negative aspect of something; a disadvantage or drawback.\Ksense 1 new f. NSOED Sep 93\k\p\B2\b \ICommerce Stock Exch\i a downward movement of share prices etc.
<hw>downsize</hw> \K/"daUnsVIz/\k \Iv.tr. & intr.\i \Besp. US\b reduce in size.\Knew f. SOED, corpus Sep 93\k
<hw>Down's syndrome</hw> \K/daUnz/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed.\i a congenital disorder due to a chromosome defect, characterized by diminished intelligence and physical abnormalities including short stature and a broad facial profile \I(cf.\i \J\Xmongolism\x,\j \J\Xtrisomy\x).\j \BEtymology:\b \3named after J. L. H. \IDown,\i English physician d. 1896\c
<hw>downstage</hw> \K/"daUnsteIdZ/, /-"steIdZ/\k \Iadj. & adv.\i \ITheatr.\i at or to the front of the stage.
<hw>downstairs</hw> \Iadv., adj., & n.\i \Iadv.\i \K/daUn"stE:z/\k\p\B1\b down a flight of stairs.\p\B2\b to or on a lower floor. \Iadj.\i \K/"daUnstE:z/\k (also \Bdownstair)\b situated downstairs.\p\In.\i\p\K/"daUnstE:z/\k the lower floor.
<hw>downstate</hw> \K/"daUnsteIt/\k \Iadj., n., & adv.\i \BUS\b \IGeog\i \Iadj.\i of or in a part of a state remote from large cities, esp. the southern part.\p\In.\i\pa downstate area. \Iadv.\i in a downstate area.
<hw>downstream</hw> \Iadv. & adj.\i \Iadv.\i \K/daUn"stri:m/\k in the direction of the flow of a stream etc. \Iadj.\i \K/"daUnstri:m/\k moving downstream.
<hw>downstroke</hw> \K/"daUnstr\F'\nUk/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICalligraphy\i a stroke made or written downwards.
<hw>downswing</hw> \K/"daUnswIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IEcon\i a downward trend, esp. in economic conditions.\p\B2\b \IGolf\i the downward movement of the club when the player is about to hit the ball.\Knew f. SOED, corpus Sep 93\k
<hw>downthrow</hw> \K/"daUnTr\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeol.\i a downward dislocation of strata.
<hw>down time</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IComputing\i time during which a machine, esp. a computer, is out of action or unavailable for use.
<hw>downtown</hw> \Iadj., n., & adv.\i \Besp. N. Amer.\b \Iadj.\i \K/"daUntaUn/\k of or in the more central or lower part, or the business part, of a town or city.\p\In.\i\p\K/"daUntaUn/\k a downtown area. \Iadv.\i \K/daUn"taUn/\k in or into a downtown area.
<hw>down town</hw> \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b into a town from a higher or outlying part.\p\B2\b \Besp. N. Amer.\b to or in the business part of a city (see also \J\Xdowntown\x).\j
<hw>downturn</hw> \K/"daUnt\F'\n:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i a decline, esp. in economic or business activity.
<hw>down under</hw> \Iadv. & n.\i \Icolloq.\i \Iadv.\i in or to the antipodes, i.e. to Australia or New Zealand.\p\In.\i\pthe antipodes; Australia or New Zealand.\Knoun new f. SOED Sep 93\k
<hw>downward</hw> \K/"daUnw\F'\nd/\k \Iadv. & adj.\i \Iadv.\i (also \Bdownwards)\b towards what is lower, inferior, less important, or later. \Iadj.\i moving, extending, pointing, or leading downward. \Bdownwardly\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>downwarp</hw> \K/"daUnwO:p/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeol.\i a broad surface depression; a syncline.
<hw>downwind</hw> \K/daUn"wInd/\k \Iadj. & adv.\i in the direction in which the wind is blowing.
<hw>downy</hw> \K/"daUni/\k \Iadj.\i \B(downier,\b \Bdowniest)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b of, like, or covered with down. \Bb\b soft and fluffy.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b \Islang\i aware, knowing. \Bdownily\b \Iadv.\i \Bdowniness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>dowry</hw> \K/"daU(\F'\n)ri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \ILaw\i\p\B1\b property or money brought by a bride to her husband.\p\B2\b a talent, a natural gift. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Anglo-French \Idowarie,\i Old French \Idouaire\i \J\Xdower\x\j\c
<hw>dowse (1)</hw> \K/daUz/\k \Iv.intr.\i search for underground water or minerals by holding a Y-shaped stick or rod which dips abruptly when over the right spot. \Bdowser\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \317th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>dowse (2)</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xdouse\x.\j
<hw>dowsing rod</hw>\p\In.\i\pa stick or rod used in dowsing.
<hw>doxology</hw> \K/dQk"sQl\F'\ndZi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IEccl\i a liturgical formula of praise to God. \Bdoxological\b \K/-s\F'\n"lQdZIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Idoxologia\i from Greek \Idoxologia,\i from \Idoxa\i 'glory' + \J\X-logy\x\j\c
<hw>doxy</hw> \K/"dQksi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \Iliterary\i\p\B1\b a lover or mistress.\p\B2\b a prostitute. \BEtymology:\b \316th-c. cant: origin unknown\c
<hw>doyen</hw> \K/"dOI\F'\nn/, /"dwA:ja~/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(fem.\i \Bdoyenne\b \K/"dOIEn/, /dOI"En/, /dwA:"jEn/\k) the most senior or most prominent of a particular category or body of people. \BEtymology:\b \3French (as \J\Xdean\x (1))\j\c
<hw>doyley</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xdoily\x.\j
<hw>doz.</hw> \Iabbr.\i dozen.
<hw>doze</hw> \K/d\F'\nUz/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.intr.\i sleep lightly; be half asleep.\p\In.\i\pa short light sleep.\p\Bdoze off\b fall lightly asleep.\Kdozer omitted Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \317th c.: origin unknown, perhaps related to Danish \Id°se\i 'make drowsy'\c
<hw>dozen</hw> \K/"dVz(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \I(prec. by \Ba\b or a number)\i \I(pl.\i \Bdozen)\b twelve, regarded collectively \3(a dozen eggs;\c \2two dozen packets;\c \2ordered three dozen).\c\p\B2\b a set or group of twelve \3(packed in dozens).\c\p\B3\b \Icolloq.\i about twelve, a fairly large indefinite number.\p\B4\b \I(in \Bpl.;\b\i \Iusu. foll. by \Bof)\b\i \Icolloq.\i very many \3(made dozens of mistakes).\c\p\B5\b \B(the dozens)\b \IGames\i a black American game or ritualized exchange of verbal insults.\p\1by the dozen\c in large quantities.\p\1talk nineteen to the dozen\c \BBrit.\b talk incessantly. \Bdozenth\b \Iadj.\i\Kn. omitted on lack of evidence; as SOED, OED Dec 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Idozeine,\i ultimately from Latin \Iduodecim\i 'twelve'\c
<hw>drab (1)</hw> \K/drab/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i \B(drabber,\b \Bdrabbest)\b\p\B1\b dull, uninteresting.\p\B2\b of a dull brownish colour.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b drab colour.\p\B2\b monotony. \Bdrably\b \Iadv.\i \Bdrabness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3probably from obsolete \Idrap\i 'cloth' via Old French from Late Latin \Idrappus,\i perhaps of Celtic origin\c
<hw>drab (2)</hw> \Isee\i \J\Xdribs and drabs\x.\j
<hw>drab (3)</hw> \K/drab/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a slut; a slattern.\p\B2\b a prostitute. \BEtymology:\b \3perhaps related to Low German \Idrabbe\i 'mire', Dutch \Idrab\i 'dregs'\c
<hw>drabble</hw> \K/"drab(\F'\n)l/\k \Iv.intr. & tr.\i become or make dirty and wet with water or mud. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Low German \Idrabbelen\i 'paddle in water or mire': cf. \J\Xdrab\x (3)\j\c
<hw>dracaena</hw> \K/dr\F'\n"si:n\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i any of various shrubs and trees of the genera \IDracaena\i and \ICordyline\i (agave family) grown for their foliage.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Jan 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from Greek \Idrakaina,\i fem. of \Idrakon\i 'dragon'\c
<hw>drachm</hw> \K/dram/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISci\i a weight or measure formerly used by apothecaries, equivalent to 60 grains or one-eighth of an ounce, or (in full \Bfluid drachm)\b 60 minims, one-eighth of a fluid ounce. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English \Idragme\i via Old French \Idragme\i or Late Latin \Idragma\i from Latin \Idrachma,\i from Greek \Idrakhme,\i an Attic weight and coin\c
<hw>drachma</hw> \K/"drakm\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bdrachmas\b or \Bdrachmae\b \K/-mi:/\k)\p\B1\b \ICurrency\i the chief monetary unit of Greece.\p\B2\b a silver coin of ancient Greece. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin from Greek \Idrakhme\i\c
<hw>drack</hw> \K/drak/\k \Iadj.\i \BAustral.\b \Islang\i\p\B1\b (esp. of a woman) unattractive.\p\B2\b dismal, dull. \BEtymology:\b \320th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>dracone</hw> \K/"drak\F'\nUn/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b a large flexible container for liquids, towed on the surface of the sea. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idraco -onis\i from Greek \Idrakon\i 'serpent': from its shape\c
<hw>draconian</hw> \K/dr\F'\n"k\F'\nUnI\F'\nn/, /dreI-/\k \Iadj.\i (also \Bdraconic\b \K/-"kQnIk/\k) very harsh or severe (esp. of laws and their application). \BEtymology:\b \3\IDrakon,\i the name of a 7th-c. bc Athenian legislator\c
<hw>draff</hw> \K/draf/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b dregs, lees.\p\B2\b refuse. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, perhaps from Old English\c
<hw>draft</hw> \K/drA:ft/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a preliminary written version of a speech, document, etc. \Bb\b a rough preliminary outline of a scheme. \Bc\b a sketch of work to be carried out.\p\B2\b \ICommerce\i \Ba\b a written order for payment of money by a bank. \Bb\b the drawing of money by means of this.\p\B3\b \I(foll. by \Bon)\b\i a demand made on a person's confidence, friendship, etc.\p\B4\b \Ba\b a party detached from a larger group for a special duty or purpose. \Bb\b the selection of this.\p\B5\b \BUS\b \IMil\i compulsory military service.\p\B6\b a reinforcement.\p\B7\b \BUS\b = \J\Xdraught\x.\j \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b prepare a draft of (a document, scheme, etc.).\p\B2\b select for a special duty or purpose.\p\B3\b \BUS\b conscript for military service. \Bdraftee\b \K/-"ti:/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bdrafter\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3phonetic spelling of \J\Xdraught\x\j\c
<hw>draft dodger</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BUS\b \IMil\i a person who tries to avoid compulsory military service. \Bdraft dodging\b\p\In.\i\p\Knew f. corpus, incomings Sep 93\k
<hw>draftsman</hw> \K/"drA:f(t)sm\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-men)\b\p\B1\b a person who drafts documents.\p\B2\b = \J\Xdraughtsman\x 1.\j \BEtymology:\b \3phonetic spelling of \J\Xdraughtsman\x\j\c
<hw>drag</hw> \K/drag/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B(dragged,\b \Bdragging)\b\p\B1\b \Itr.\i pull along with effort or difficulty.\p\B2\b \Ba\b \Itr.\i allow (one's feet, tail, etc.) to trail along the ground. \Bb\b \Iintr.\i trail along the ground. \Bc\b \Iintr.\i (of time etc.) go or pass heavily or slowly or tediously.\p\B3\b \Ba\b \Iintr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bfor)\b\i use a grapnel or drag (to find a drowned person or lost object). \Bb\b \Itr.\i search the bottom of (a river etc.) with grapnels, nets, or drags.\p\B4\b \Itr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i \Icolloq.\i take (a person to a place etc., esp. against his or her will).\p\B5\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bon,\b \Bat)\b\i \Icolloq.\i draw on (a cigarette etc.).\p\B6\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bon)\b\i continue at tedious length.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b an obstruction to progress. \Bb\b \IAeron.\i the longitudinal retarding force exerted by air. \Bc\b slow motion; impeded progress. \Bd\b \ITransport\i an iron shoe for retarding a horse-drawn vehicle downhill.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i a boring or dreary person, duty, performance, etc.\p\B3\b \IHunting\i \Ba\b a strong-smelling lure drawn before hounds as a substitute for a fox. \Bb\b a hunt using this.\p\B4\b an apparatus for dredging or recovering drowned persons etc. from under water.\p\B5\b \IFishing Hunting Criminol\i = \J\Xdragnet\x 1.\j\p\B6\b \Islang\i a draw on a cigarette etc.\p\B7\b \Islang\i \Ba\b women's clothes worn by men. \Bb\b a party at which these are worn. \Bc\b clothes in general.\p\B8\b an act of dragging.\p\B9\b \Ba\b \BBrit.\b \ITransport\i \Islang\i a motor car. \Bb\b (in full \Bdrag race)\b \IMotor Racing\i an acceleration race between cars usu. for a quarter of a mile.\p\B10\b \BUS\b \Islang\i influence, pull.\p\B11\b \Islang\i a street or road \3(the main drag).\c\p\B12\b \ITransport\i \Ihist.\i a private vehicle like a stagecoach, drawn by four horses.\p\1drag one's feet\c (or \Bheels)\b be deliberately slow or reluctant to act.\p\Bdrag in\b introduce (a subject) irrelevantly.\p\Bdrag out\b protract.\p\Bdrag up\b \Icolloq.\i\p\B1\b deliberately mention (an unwelcome subject).\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b rear (a child) roughly and without proper training. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old English \Idragan\i or Old Norse \Idraga\i \J\Xdraw\x\j\c
<hw>drag-anchor</hw> \In. & v.\i \INaut\i\p\In.\i\p= \J\Xsea anchor\x.\j \Iv.intr.\i \B(drag anchor)\b (of a ship) move from a moored position when the anchor fails to hold.
<hw>dragΘe</hw> \K/"drA:ZeI/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFood Cookery\i\p\B1\b a sugar-coated almond etc.\p\B2\b a small silver ball for decorating a cake.\p\B3\b a chocolate-coated sweet. \BEtymology:\b \3French: see \J\Xdredge\x (2)\j\c
<hw>draggle</hw> \K/"drag(\F'\n)l/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i make dirty or wet or limp by trailing.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i hang trailing.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i lag; straggle in the rear. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xdrag\x\j + \J\X-le\x (4)\j\c
<hw>draggle-tailed</hw> \Iadj.\i (of a woman) with untidily trailing skirts.
<hw>drag-hound</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IHunting\i a hound used to hunt with a drag.
<hw>dragline</hw> \K/"draglVIn/\k\p\In.\i\pan excavator with a bucket pulled in by a wire rope.
<hw>dragnet</hw> \K/"dragnEt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IHunting Fishing\i a net drawn through a river or across ground to trap fish or game.\p\B2\b \ICriminol\i a systematic hunt for criminals etc.
<hw>dragoman</hw> \K/"drag\F'\n(U)m\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bdragomans\b or \Bdragomen)\b an interpreter or guide, esp. in countries speaking Arabic, Turkish, or Persian. \BEtymology:\b \3French via Italian \Idragomano,\i medieval Greek \Idragomanos,\i Arabic \Itarjuman\i (from \Itarjama\i 'interpret'), and Aramaic \Itargem\i from Assyrian \ItargumΓnu\i 'interpreter'\c
<hw>dragon</hw> \K/"drag(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMythol\i a mythical monster like a reptile, usu. with wings and claws and able to breathe out fire.\p\B2\b a fierce person, esp. a woman.\p\B3\b (in full \Bflying dragon)\b = \J\Xflying lizard\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French and Latin \Idraco -onis\i from Greek \Idrakon\i 'serpent'\c
<hw>dragonet</hw> \K/"drag(\F'\n)nIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i any spiny marine fish of the family Callionymidae, the males of which are brightly coloured. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from French, diminutive of \J\Xdragon\x\j\c
<hw>dragonfish</hw> \K/"drag(\F'\n)nfIS/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i usu. same) \IZool\i any deep-water marine fish of the order Stomiiformes, having a long slender body and a barbel on the chin with luminous tissue, serving to attract prey.
<hw>dragonfly</hw> \K/"drag(\F'\n)nflVI/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-flies)\b \IZool\i any of various predatory insects of the order Odonata, having a long slender body with two pairs of large transparent wings usu. spread while resting, and aquatic larvae.
<hw>dragonnade</hw> \K/drag\F'\n"neId/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\pa persecution by use of troops, esp. \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i of French Protestants under Louis XIV by quartering dragoons on them. \Iv.tr.\i subject to a dragonnade. \BEtymology:\b \3French from \Idragon:\i see \J\Xdragoon\x\j\c
<hw>dragon's blood</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a red gum that exudes from the fruit of some palms and the dragon tree.
<hw>dragon's teeth</hw> \In.pl.\i \BBrit.\b \IMil.\i \Icolloq.\i obstacles resembling teeth pointed upwards, used esp. against tanks.
<hw>dragon tree</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a palmlike tree, Dracaena draco of the agave family, native to the Canary Islands.
<hw>dragoon</hw> \K/dr\F'\n"gu:n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMil\i a cavalryman (originally a mounted infantryman armed with a carbine).\p\B2\b a rough fierce man.\p\B3\b \IZool\i a variety of pigeon. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \I(foll. by \Binto)\b\i coerce into doing something, esp. by use of forceful methods.\p\B2\b persecute, esp. with troops. \BEtymology:\b \3originally = carbine (thought of as breathing fire) from French \Idragon\i \J\Xdragon\x\j\c
<hw>drag queen</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ISex\i \Islang\i a male homosexual transvestite.
<hw>dragster</hw> \K/"dragst\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISport Motor Racing\i a car built or modified to take part in drag races.
<hw>drail</hw> \K/dreIl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFishing\i a fish-hook and line weighted with lead for dragging below the surface of the water. \BEtymology:\b \3apparently variant of \J\Xtrail\x\j\c
<hw>drain</hw> \K/dreIn/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i draw off liquid from, esp.: \Ba\b make (land etc.) dry by providing an outflow for moisture. \Bb\b (of a river) carry off the superfluous water of (a district). \Bc\b \IMed\i remove purulent matter from (an abscess).\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \I(foll. by \Boff,\b \Baway)\b\i draw off (liquid) esp. by a pipe.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Baway,\b \Boff,\b \Bthrough)\b\i flow or trickle away.\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i (of a wet cloth, piece of crockery, etc.) become dry as liquid flows away \3(put it there to drain).\c\p\B5\b \Itr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bof)\b\i exhaust or deprive (a person or thing) of strength, resources, property, etc.\p\B6\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b drink (liquid) to the dregs. \Bb\b empty (a container) by drinking the contents.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a channel, conduit, or pipe carrying off liquid, esp. an artificial conduit for water or sewage. \Bb\b \IMed\i a tube for drawing off the discharge from an abscess etc.\p\B2\b a constant outflow, withdrawal, or expenditure \3(a great drain on my resources).\c\p\1down the drain\c \Icolloq.\i lost, wasted.\p\1laugh like a drain\c \BBrit.\b laugh copiously; guffaw. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Idre(a)hnian,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>drainage</hw> \K/"dreInIdZ/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the process or means of draining \3(the land has poor drainage).\c\p\B2\b a system of drains, artificial or natural.\p\B3\b what is drained off, esp. sewage.
<hw>draincock</hw> \K/"dreInkQk/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPlumbing\i a cock for draining the water out of a boiler etc.\Knew f. SOED Sep 93\k
<hw>drainer</hw> \K/"dreIn\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a device for draining; anything on which things are put to drain, e.g. a draining board.\p\B2\b a person who drains.
<hw>draining board</hw>\p\In.\i\pa sloping usu. grooved surface beside a sink, on which washed dishes etc. are left to drain.
<hw>drainpipe</hw> \K/"dreInpVIp/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a pipe for carrying off water, sewage, etc., from a building.\p\B2\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i (of trousers etc.) very narrow.\p\B3\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \IClothing\i very narrow trousers.
<hw>drake</hw> \K/dreIk/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a male duck. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, probably from West Germanic\c
<hw>Dralon</hw> \K/"dreIlQn/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ITextiles\i \Ipropr.\i\p\B1\b a synthetic acrylic fibre used in textiles.\p\B2\b a fabric made from this. \BEtymology:\b \3suggested by \J\Xnylon\x\j\c
<hw>dram</hw> \K/dram/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IDrink\i a small drink of spirits.\p\B2\b \ISci\i = \J\Xdrachm\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Idrame\i or medieval Latin \Idrama,\i \Idragma:\i cf. \J\Xdrachm\x\j\c
<hw>drama</hw> \K/"drA:m\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ITheatr\i a play for acting on stage or for broadcasting.\p\B2\b \Ba\b the art of writing and presenting plays. \Bb\b the art of acting.\Ksense 2b new f. files etc. Sep 93\k\p\B3\b an exciting or emotional event, set of circumstances, etc.\p\B4\b dramatic quality \3(the drama of the situation).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin from Greek \Idrama -atos,\i from \Idrao\i 'do'\c
<hw>drama-documentary</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bdrama-doc\b \Islang)\i \IBroadcasting\i a film (esp. for television) based on or dramatizing real events.\Knew f. NSOED Sep 93\k
<hw>dramatic</hw> \K/dr\F'\n"matIk/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \ITheatr\i of drama or the study of drama.\p\B2\b (of an event, circumstance, etc.) sudden and exciting or unexpected.\p\B3\b vividly striking.\p\B4\b (of a gesture etc.) theatrical, overdone, absurd. \Bdramatically\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Idramaticus\i from Greek \Idramatikos\i (as \J\Xdrama\x)\j\c
<hw>dramatics</hw> \K/dr\F'\n"matIks/\k \In.pl.\i\p\B1\b \I(often treated as \Bsing.)\b\i the production and performance of plays.\p\B2\b exaggerated or showy behaviour.
<hw>dramatis personae</hw> \K/%dram\F'\ntIs p\F'\n:"s\F'\nUnVI/, /-ni:/\k \In.pl.\i \I(often treated as \Bsing.)\b\i \ITheatr\i\p\B1\b the characters in a play.\p\B2\b a list of these. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = persons of the drama\c
<hw>dramatist</hw> \K/"dram\F'\ntIst/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITheatr\i a writer of dramas.
<hw>dramatize</hw> \K/"dram\F'\ntVIz/\k\p\Iv.\i\p(also \B-ise)\b\p\B1\b \ITheatr\i \Ba\b \Itr.\i adapt (a novel etc.) to form a stage play. \Bb\b \Iintr.\i admit of such adaptation.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i make a drama or dramatic scene of.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \I(also \Babsol.)\b\i express or react to in a dramatic way. \Bdramatization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>dramaturge</hw> \K/"dram\F'\nt\F'\n:dZ/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ITheatr\i a specialist in theatrical production.\p\B2\b a dramatist. \BEtymology:\b \3French from Greek \Idramatourgos\i (as \J\Xdrama\x,\j \I-ergos\i 'worker')\c
<hw>dramaturgy</hw> \K/"dram\F'\nt\F'\n:dZi/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITheatr\i\p\B1\b the art of theatrical production; the theory of dramatics.\p\B2\b the application of this. \Bdramaturgic\b \K/-"t\F'\n:dZIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Bdramaturgical\b \K/-"t\F'\n:dZIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i
<hw>drape</hw> \K/dreIp/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b hang, cover loosely, or adorn with cloth etc.\p\B2\b arrange (clothes or hangings) carefully in folds.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \I(often in \Bpl.)\b\i a curtain or drapery.\p\B2\b a piece of drapery.\p\B3\b the way in which a garment or fabric hangs. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Idraper,\i from \Idrap,\i from Late Latin \Idrappus\i 'cloth'\c
<hw>draper</hw> \K/"dreIp\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ITextiles Commerce\i a retailer of textile fabrics. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Anglo-French, Old French \Idrapier\i (as \J\Xdrape\x)\j\c
<hw>drapery</hw> \K/"dreIp(\F'\n)ri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b clothing or hangings arranged in folds.\p\B2\b \I(often in \Bpl.)\b\i a curtain or hanging.\p\B3\b \BBrit.\b cloth; textile fabrics.\p\B4\b \BBrit.\b \ICommerce\i the trade of a draper.\p\B5\b \IArt\i the arrangement of clothing in sculpture or painting. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Idraperie,\i from \Idrap\i 'cloth'\c
<hw>drastic</hw> \K/"drastIk/, /"drA:-/\k \Iadj.\i having a strong or far-reaching effect; severe. \Bdrastically\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Idrastikos\i from \Idrao\i 'do'\c
<hw>drat</hw> \K/drat/\k \Iv. & int.\i \Icolloq.\i \Iv.tr.\i \B(dratted,\b \Bdratting)\b (usu. as an exclamation) curse, confound \3(drat the thing!).\c \Iint.\i expressing anger or annoyance. \Bdratted\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3for \I'od\i (= God) \Irot\i\c
<hw>draught</hw> \K/drA:ft/\k \In. & v.\i \B(US\b \Bdraft)\b\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a current of air in a confined space (e.g. a room or chimney).\p\B2\b pulling, traction.\p\B3\b \INaut.\i the depth of water needed to float a ship.\p\B4\b \IDrink\i the drawing of liquor from a cask etc.\p\B5\b \IDrink\i \Ba\b a single act of drinking. \Bb\b the amount drunk in this. \Bc\b \IMed\i a dose of liquid medicine.\p\B6\b \I(in \Bpl.;\b\i \Iusu. treated as \Bsing.)\b\i \BBrit.\b \IGames\i a game for two played with twelve pieces each on a draughtboard.\p\B7\b \IFishing\i \Ba\b the drawing in of a fishing net. \Bb\b the fish taken at one drawing.\Ksense 8 omitted Jan 95\k \Iv.tr.\i = \J\Xdraft\x.\j\p\1feel the draught\c \Icolloq.\i suffer from adverse (usu. financial) conditions. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English \Idraht\i from Old Norse \Idrahtr,\i \Idrßttr,\i from Germanic, related to \J\Xdraw\x\j\c
<hw>draught beer</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IDrink\i beer drawn from a cask, not bottled.
<hw>draughtboard</hw> \K/"drA:f(t)bO:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IGames\i a chequered board, identical to a chessboard, used in draughts.
<hw>draught horse</hw>\p\In.\i\pa horse used for pulling heavy loads, esp. a cart or plough.
<hw>draught-proof</hw> \Iadj. & v.\i \IBuilding\i \Iadj.\i proof against draughts. \Iv.tr.\i make draught-proof.\Knew f. SOED Sep 93\k
<hw>draughtsman</hw> \K/"drA:f(t)sm\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-men)\b\p\B1\b a person who makes drawings, plans, or sketches.\p\B2\b \IGames\i a piece in the game of draughts.\p\B3\b = \J\Xdraftsman\x 1.\j \Bdraughtsmanship\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3\Idraught's\i + \J\Xman\x\j\c
<hw>draughty</hw> \K/"drA:fti/\k \Iadj.\i \B(US\b \Bdrafty)\b \B(-ier,\b \B-iest)\b (of a room etc.) letting in sharp currents of air. \Bdraughtily\b \Iadv.\i \Bdraughtiness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>Dravidian</hw> \K/dr\F'\n"vIdI\F'\nn/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPeople\i a member of a dark-skinned aboriginal people of S. India and Sri Lanka (including the Tamils and Kanarese).\p\B2\b \ILanguage\i any of the group of languages spoken by this people. \Iadj.\i of or relating to this people or group of languages. \BEtymology:\b \3Sanskrit \IDravida,\i a province of S. India\c
<hw>draw</hw> \K/drO:/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\I(past\i \Bdrew\b \K/dru:/\k; \Ipast part.\i \Bdrawn\b \K/drO:n/\k)\p\B1\b \Itr.\i pull or cause to move towards or after one.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i pull (a thing) up, over, or across.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i pull (curtains etc.) open or shut.\p\B4\b \Itr.\i take (a person) aside, esp. to talk to.\p\B5\b \Itr.\i attract; bring to oneself or to something; take in \3(drew a deep breath;\c \2I felt drawn to her;\c \2drew my attention to the matter;\c \2draw him into conversation;\c \2the match drew large crowds).\c\p\B6\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bat,\b \Bon)\b\i suck smoke from (a cigarette, pipe, etc.).\p\B7\b \Itr.\i \I(also \Babsol.)\b\i \IDentistry Ballistics\i take out; remove (e.g. a tooth, a gun from a holster, etc.).\p\B8\b \Itr.\i obtain or take from a source \3(draw a salary;\c \2draw inspiration;\c \2drew ú100 from my account).\c\p\B9\b \Itr.\i trace (a line, mark, furrow, or figure).\p\B10\b \IArt\i \Ba\b \Itr.\i produce (a picture) by tracing lines and marks. \Bb\b \Itr.\i represent (a thing) by this means. \Bc\b \Iabsol.\i make a drawing.\p\B11\b \Itr.\i \I(also \Babsol.)\b\i finish (a contest or game) with neither side winning.\p\B12\b \Iintr.\i make one's or its way, proceed, move, come \3(drew near the bridge;\c \2draw to a close;\c \2the second horse drew level;\c \2drew ahead of the field;\c \2the time draws near).\c\p\B13\b \Itr.\i infer, deduce (a conclusion).\p\B14\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b elicit, evoke \3(draw criticism;\c \2draw ruin upon oneself).\c \Bb\b bring about, entail. \Bc\b induce (a person) to reveal facts, feelings, or talent \3(refused to be drawn).\c \Bd\b \I(foll. by \Bto\b + infin.)\i induce (a person) to do something. \Be\b \ICards\i cause to be played \3(drew all the trumps).\c\p\B15\b \Itr.\i haul up (water) from a well.\p\B16\b \Itr.\i bring out (liquid from a container or blood from a wound).\p\B17\b \Itr.\i extract a liquid essence from.\p\B18\b \Iintr.\i (of a chimney or pipe) promote or allow a draught.\p\B19\b \Iintr.\i (of tea) infuse.\p\B20\b \Ba\b \Itr.\i obtain by lot \3(drew the winner).\c \Bb\b \Iabsol.\i draw lots.\p\B21\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bon)\b\i make a demand on a person, a person's skill, memory, imagination, etc.\p\B22\b \Itr.\i \ICommerce\i write out (a bill, cheque, or draft) \3(drew a cheque on the bank).\c\p\B23\b \Itr.\i frame (a document) in due form, compose.\p\B24\b \Itr.\i formulate or perceive (a comparison or distinction).\p\B25\b \Itr.\i \INaut\i (of a ship) require (a specified depth of water) to float in.\p\B26\b \Itr.\i disembowel \3(hang, draw, and quarter;\c \2draw the fowl before cooking it).\c\p\B27\b \Itr.\i \IHunting\i search (cover) for game.\p\B28\b \Itr.\i \IHunting\i drag (a badger or fox) from a hole.\p\B29\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b protract, stretch, elongate \3(long-drawn agony).\c \Bb\b make (wire) by pulling a piece of metal through successively smaller holes.\p\B30\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b \IGolf\i drive (the ball) to the left (or, of a left-handed player, the right) esp. purposely. \Bb\b \IBowls\i cause (a bowl) to travel in a curve to the desired point.\p\B31\b \Iintr.\i \INaut\i (of a sail) swell tightly in the wind.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an act of drawing.\p\B2\b \Ba\b a person or thing that draws custom, attention, etc. \Bb\b the power to attract attention.\p\B3\b the drawing of lots, esp. a raffle.\p\B4\b a drawn game.\p\B5\b a suck on a cigarette etc.\p\B6\b the act of removing a gun from its holster in order to shoot \3(quick on the draw).\c\p\B7\b strain, pull.\p\B8\b \BUS\b the movable part of a drawbridge.\p\Bdraw back\b withdraw from an undertaking.\p\1draw a bead on\c \Isee\i \J\Xbead\x.\j\p\1draw bit\c \BBrit.\b \IRiding\i = \Idraw rein\i \I(see\i \J\Xrein\x).\j\p\1draw a blank\c \Isee\i \J\Xblank\x.\j\p\1draw bridle\c \BBrit.\b \IRiding\i = \Idraw rein\i \I(see\i \J\Xrein\x).\j\p\1draw a person's fire\c attract hostility, criticism, etc., away from a more important target.\p\Bdraw in\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b (of successive days) become shorter because of the changing seasons. \Bb\b (of a day) approach its end. \Bc\b (of successive evenings or nights) start earlier because of the changing seasons.\p\B2\b persuade to join, entice.\p\B3\b (of a train etc.) arrive at a station.\p\1draw in one's horns\c become less assertive or ambitious; draw back.\p\1draw the line at\c set a limit (of tolerance etc.) at.\p\1draw lots\c \Isee\i \J\Xlot\x.\j\p\Bdraw off\b \IMil\i withdraw (troops).\p\Bdraw on\b\p\B1\b approach, come near.\p\B2\b lead to, bring about.\p\B3\b allure.\p\B4\b put (gloves, boots, etc.) on.\p\Bdraw out\b\p\B1\b prolong.\p\B2\b elicit.\p\B3\b induce to talk.\p\B4\b (of successive days) become longer because of the changing seasons.\p\B5\b (of a train etc.) leave a station etc.\p\B6\b write out in proper form.\p\B7\b \IMil\i lead out, detach, or array (troops).\p\1draw rein\c \Isee\i \J\Xrein\x.\j\p\1draw the short straw\c \Isee\i \J\Xstraw\x.\j\p\1draw stumps\c \ICricket\i take the stumps out of the ground at the close of play.\p\1draw one's sword against\c attack.\p\Bdraw up\b\p\B1\b compose or draft (a document etc.).\p\B2\b bring or come into regular order.\p\B3\b come to a halt.\p\B4\b make (oneself) stiffly erect.\p\B5\b \I(foll. by \Bwith,\b \Bto)\b\i gain on or overtake.\p\1quick on the draw\c quick to act or react. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Idragan,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>drawback</hw> \K/"drO:bak/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a thing that impairs satisfaction; a disadvantage.\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bfrom)\b\i a deduction.\p\B3\b \ICommerce\i an amount of excise or import duty paid back or remitted on goods exported.
<hw>drawback lock</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMech\i a lock with a spring bolt that can be drawn back by an inside knob.
<hw>drawbridge</hw> \K/"drO:brIdZ/\k\p\In.\i\pa bridge, esp. over water, hinged at one end so that it may be raised to prevent passage or to allow ships etc. to pass.
<hw>drawcord</hw> \K/"drO:kO:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\IClothing\i a cord on clothing etc. that can be drawn up tight.\Knew f. incomings Sep 93\k
<hw>drawdown</hw> \K/"drO:d\F'\nUn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFinance\i an act of raising money through loans; borrowing.\Knew f. SOED Sept 94\k
<hw>drawee</hw> \K/drO:(r)"i:/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i the person on whom a draft or bill is drawn.
<hw>drawer</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \K/"drO:(r)\F'\n/\k\ICommerce\i a person or thing that draws, esp. a person who draws a cheque etc.\p\B2\b \K/drO:/\k\IFurniture\i a boxlike storage compartment without a lid, sliding in and out of a frame, table, etc. \3(chest of drawers).\c\p\B3\b \I(in \Bpl.:\b \K/drO:z/\k)\i \IClothing\i \Iarchaic\i or \Ijoc.\i knickers or underpants. \Bdrawerful\b\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-fuls).\b
<hw>drawing</hw> \K/"drO:(r)IN/\k\p\In.\i\p\IArt\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the art of representing by line. \Bb\b delineation without colour or with a single colour. \Bc\b the art of representing with pencils, pens, crayons, etc., rather than paint.\p\B2\b a picture produced in this way.\p\1out of drawing\c incorrectly depicted.
<hw>drawing board</hw>\p\In.\i\pa board for spreading drawing paper on.\p\1back to the drawing board\c back to begin afresh (after the failure of an enterprise).\Kidm new f. SOED Sep 93\k
<hw>drawing paper</hw>\p\In.\i\pusu. thick paper for drawing pictures etc. on.
<hw>drawing pin</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b a flat-headed pin for fastening paper etc. (originally drawing paper) to a surface.
<hw>drawing room</hw>\p\In.\i\p\I(hyphenated when \Battrib.)\b\i\p\B1\b a room for comfortable sitting or entertaining in a private house.\p\B2\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i restrained; observing social proprieties \3(drawing-room conversation).\c\p\B3\b \BUS\b \IRailways\i a private compartment in a train.\p\B4\b \Ihist.\i a levee, a formal reception esp. at court. \BEtymology:\b \3earlier \Iwithdrawing room,\i because originally used for women to withdraw to after dinner\c
<hw>drawl</hw> \K/drO:l/\k \Iv. & n.\i \IPhonet\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i speak with drawn-out vowel sounds.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i utter in this way.\p\In.\i\pa drawling utterance or way of speaking. \Bdrawler\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \316th c.: probably originally slang, from Low German, Dutch \Idralen\i 'delay, linger'\c
<hw>drawn</hw> \K/drO:n/\k \I\Ipast part.\i of\i \J\Xdraw\x.\j \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b looking strained from fear, anxiety, or pain.\p\B2\b (of butter) melted.\p\B3\b \IChess\i (of a position in chess etc.) that will result in a draw if both players make the best moves available.
<hw>drawn-out</hw> \Iadj.\i = \J\Xlong-drawn\x.\j\Knew f. corpus Sep 93\k
<hw>drawn work</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bdrawn-thread-work)\b \INeedlework\i ornamental work on linen etc., done by drawing out threads, usu. with additional needlework.
<hw>draw-sheet</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a sheet that can be taken from under a patient without remaking the bed.
<hw>drawstring</hw> \K/"drO:strIN/\k\p\In.\i\pa string that can be pulled to tighten the mouth of a bag, the waist of a garment, etc.
<hw>draw-well</hw>\p\In.\i\pa deep well with a rope and a bucket.
<hw>dray (1)</hw> \K/dreI/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITransport\i\p\B1\b a low cart without sides for heavy loads, esp. beer barrels.\p\B2\b \BAustral.\b & \BNZ\b a two-wheeled cart. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old English \Idrµge\i 'dragnet', related to \Idragan\i \J\Xdraw\x\j\c
<hw>drayman</hw> \K/"dreIm\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-men)\b \IDrink\i a brewer's driver.
<hw>dread</hw> \K/drEd/\k \Iv., n., & adj.\i \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \I(foll. by \Bthat,\b or \Bto\b + infin.)\i fear greatly.\p\B2\b shrink from; look forward to with great apprehension.\p\B3\b be in great fear of.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b great fear, apprehension, awe.\p\B2\b an object of fear or awe. \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b dreaded.\p\B2\b \Iarchaic\i awe-inspiring, revered. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iadrµdan,\i \Iondrµdan\i\c
<hw>dreaded</hw> \K/"drEdId/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b regarded with fear, apprehension, or awe.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i regarded with mock fear.\Knew f. News Sep 93\k
<hw>dreadful</hw> \K/"drEdfUl/, /-f(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b terrible; inspiring fear or awe.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i troublesome, disagreeable; very bad. \Bdreadfully\b \Iadv.\i \Bdreadfulness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>dreadlocks</hw> \K/"drEdlQks/\k \In.pl.\i \IHairdressing Fashion\i\p\B1\b a Rastafarian hairstyle in which the hair is twisted into tight braids or ringlets hanging down on all sides.\p\B2\b hair dressed in this way. \Bdreadlocked\b \Iadj.\i\K-ed new f. corpus Sep 93\k
<hw>dreadnought</hw> \K/"drEdnO:t/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b (usu. \BDreadnought)\b \IMil\i \Ihist.\i a type of battleship greatly superior in armament to all its predecessors (from the name of the first, launched in 1906).\p\B2\b \Iarchaic\i a fearless person.\p\B3\b \Iarchaic\i \Ba\b \IClothing\i a thick coat for stormy weather. \Bb\b \ITextiles\i the cloth used for such coats.
<hw>dream</hw> \K/dri:m/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a series of pictures or events in the mind of a sleeping person. \Bb\b the act or time of seeing this. \Bc\b (in full \Bwaking dream)\b a similar experience of one awake.\p\B2\b a daydream or fantasy.\p\B3\b an ideal, aspiration, or ambition, esp. of a nation.\p\B4\b a beautiful or ideal person or thing.\p\B5\b a state of mind without proper perception of reality \3(goes about in a dream).\c\p\Iv.\i\p\I(past\i and \Ipast part.\i \Bdreamed\b \K/drEmt/, /dri:md/\k or \Bdreamt\b \K/drEmt/\k)\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i experience a dream.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i imagine in or as if in a dream.\p\B3\b \I(usu. with \Bneg.)\b\i \Ba\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bof)\b\i contemplate the possibility of, have any conception or intention of \3(would not dream of upsetting them).\c \Bb\b \Itr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bthat\b + clause)\i think of as a possibility \3(never dreamt that he would come).\c\p\B4\b \Itr.\i \I(foll. by \Baway)\b\i spend (time) unprofitably.\p\B5\b \Iintr.\i be inactive or unpractical.\p\B6\b \Iintr.\i fall into a reverie.\p\Bdream up\b imagine, invent.\p\1like a dream\c \Icolloq.\i easily, effortlessly. \Bdreamful\b \Iadj.\i \Bdreamless\b \Iadj.\i \Bdreamlike\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old English \Idream\i 'joy, music'\c
<hw>dreamboat</hw> \K/"dri:mb\F'\nUt/\k\p\In.\i\p\Icolloq.\i\p\B1\b a very attractive or ideal person, esp. of the opposite sex.\p\B2\b a very desirable or ideal thing.
<hw>dreamer</hw> \K/"dri:m\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person who dreams.\p\B2\b a romantic or unpractical person.
<hw>dreamland</hw> \K/"dri:mland/\k\p\In.\i\pan ideal or imaginary land.
<hw>dreamscape</hw> \K/"dri:mskeIp/\k\p\In.\i\pa dreamed or dreamlike landscape or scene.\Knew f. Incs, OED Oct 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xdream\x\j + \J\X-scape\x\j\c
<hw>dream ticket</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i an ideal pair of candidates standing together for esp. political office.\Knew f. SOED, corpus Jun 94\k
<hw>dreamtime</hw> \K/"dri:mtVIm/\k\p\In.\i\p\BAustral.\b the alcheringa.
<hw>dream-world</hw>\p\In.\i\pa state of mind distanced from reality.\Knew f. corpus, SOED Sep 93\k
<hw>dreamy</hw> \K/"dri:mi/\k \Iadj.\i \B(dreamier,\b \Bdreamiest)\b\p\B1\b given to daydreaming; fanciful; unpractical.\p\B2\b dreamlike; vague; misty.\p\B3\b \Icolloq.\i delightful; marvellous.\p\B4\b \Ipoet.\i full of dreams. \Bdreamily\b \Iadv.\i \Bdreaminess\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>dreary</hw> \K/"drI\F'\nri/\k \Iadj.\i \B(drearier,\b \Bdreariest)\b dismal, dull, gloomy. \Bdrearily\b \Iadv.\i \Bdreariness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Idreorig\i from \Idreor\i 'gore': related to \Idreosan\i 'to drop', from Germanic\c
<hw>dredge (1)</hw> \K/drEdZ/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b \I(often foll. by \Bup)\b\i bring up (lost or hidden material) as if with a dredge \3(don't dredge all that up again).\c \Bb\b \I(often foll. by \Baway,\b \Bup,\b \Bout)\b\i bring up or clear (mud etc.) from a river, harbour, etc. with a dredge.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i clean (a harbour, river, etc.) with a dredge.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i use a dredge.\p\In.\i\pan apparatus used to scoop up objects or to clear mud etc. from a river or seabed. \BEtymology:\b \315th-c. Scots \Idreg,\i perhaps related to Middle Dutch \Idregghe\i\c
<hw>dredge (2)</hw> \K/drEdZ/\k \Iv.tr.\i \ICookery\i\p\B1\b sprinkle with flour, sugar, etc.\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Bover)\b\i sprinkle (flour, sugar, etc.) on. \BEtymology:\b \3obsolete \Idredge\i 'sweetmeat' from Old French \Idragie,\i \Idragee,\i perhaps via Latin \Itragemata\i from Greek \Itragemata\i 'spices'\c
<hw>dredger (1)</hw> \K/"drEdZ\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a machine used for dredging rivers etc.; a dredge.\p\B2\b \INaut\i a boat containing this.
<hw>dredger (2)</hw> \K/"drEdZ\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i a container with a perforated lid used for sprinkling flour, sugar, etc.
<hw>dree</hw> \K/dri:/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(drees,\b \Bdreed,\b \Bdreeing)\b \BSc.\b or \Iarchaic\i endure.\p\1dree one's weird\c submit to one's destiny. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Idreogan,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>dreg</hw> \K/drEg/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i \Ba\b a sediment; grounds, lees, etc. \Bb\b a worthless part; refuse \3(the dregs of humanity).\c\p\B2\b a small remnant \3(not a dreg).\c\p\1drain (or drink) to the dregs\c consume leaving nothing \3(drained life to the dregs).\c \Bdreggy\b \Iadj.\i \Icolloq.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, probably from Old Norse \Idreggjar\i\c
<hw>drench</hw> \K/drEn(t)S/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b wet thoroughly \3(was drenched by the rain).\c \Bb\b saturate; soak (in liquid).\p\B2\b \IVet\i force (an animal) to take medicine.\p\B3\b \Iarchaic\i cause to drink.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a soaking; a downpour.\p\B2\b \IVet\i medicine administered to an animal.\p\B3\b \IMed\i \Iarchaic\i a medicinal or poisonous draught. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Idrencan,\i \Idrenc\i from Germanic: related to \J\Xdrink\x\j\c
<hw>Dresden china</hw> \K/"drEzd(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \BDresden porcelain)\b\p\B1\b \IPorcelain\i delicate and elaborate chinaware originally made at Dresden in Germany, now made at nearby Meissen.\p\B2\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i delicately pretty.
<hw>dress</hw> \K/drEs/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \Itr.\i clothe; array \3(dressed in rags;\c \2dressed her quickly).\c \Bb\b \Iintr.\i wear clothes of a specified kind or in a specified way \3(dresses well).\c\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \Ba\b put on clothes. \Bb\b put on formal or evening clothes, esp. for dinner.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i decorate or adorn.\p\B4\b \Itr.\i \IMed.\i \Ba\b treat (a wound) with ointment etc. \Bb\b apply a dressing to (a wound).\p\B5\b \Itr.\i \IHairdressing\i trim, comb, brush, or smooth (the hair).\p\B6\b \Itr.\i \ICookery\i \Ba\b clean and prepare (poultry, a crab, etc.) for cooking or eating. \Bb\b add a dressing to (a salad etc.).\p\B7\b \Itr.\i \IAgriculture Hort\i apply manure etc. to a field, garden, etc.\p\B8\b \Itr.\i \ITextiles Building\i finish the surface of (fabric, building stone, etc.).\p\B9\b \Itr.\i \IRiding\i groom (a horse).\p\B10\b \Itr.\i \ILeather\i curry (leather etc.).\p\B11\b \IMil.\i \Ba\b \Itr.\i correct the alignment of (troops etc.). \Bb\b \Iintr.\i (of troops) come into alignment.\p\B12\b \Itr.\i \IFishing\i make (an artificial fly) for use in fishing.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ICothing\i a one-piece woman's garment consisting of a bodice and skirt.\p\B2\b \IClothing\i clothing, esp. a whole outfit etc. \3(fussy about his dress;\c \2wore the dress of a highlander).\c\p\B3\b formal or ceremonial attire \3(evening dress;\c \2morning dress).\c\p\B4\b an external covering; the outward form \3(birds in their winter dress).\c\p\Bdress down\b \Icolloq.\i\p\B1\b reprimand or scold.\p\B2\b dress informally.\Ksense 2 of dress down new f. POD8 Sep 93\k\p\Bdress out\b attire conspicuously.\p\Bdress up\b\p\B1\b dress (oneself or another) elaborately for a special occasion.\p\B2\b dress in fancy dress.\p\B3\b disguise (unwelcome facts) by embellishment. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Idresser,\i ultimately from Latin \Idirectus\i \J\Xdirect\x\j\c
<hw>dressage</hw> \K/"drEsA:Z/, /-A:dZ/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRiding\i the training of a horse in obedience and deportment, esp. for competition. \BEtymology:\b \3French from \Idresser\i 'to train'\c
<hw>dress circle</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ITheatr\i the first gallery in a theatre, in which evening dress was formerly required.
<hw>dress coat</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IClothing\i a man's swallow-tailed evening coat.
<hw>dresser (1)</hw> \K/"drEs\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFurniture\i\p\B1\b a kitchen sideboard with shelves above for displaying plates etc.\p\B2\b \BN. Amer.\b a dressing table or chest of drawers. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Idresseur,\i from \Idresser\i 'prepare'\c
<hw>dresser (2)</hw> \K/"drEs\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ITheatr\i a person who assists actors to dress, takes care of their costumes, etc.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b \IMed.\i a surgeon's assistant in operations.\p\B3\b a person who dresses elegantly or in a specified way \3(a snappy dresser).\c
<hw>dressing</hw> \K/"drEsIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Iin senses of\i \J\Xdress\x\p\Iv.\i\p\j\p\B2\b \ICookery\i \Ba\b a sauce for salads, esp. a mixture of oil, vinegar, etc. \3(French dressing).\c \Bb\b \BN. Amer.\b stuffing.\p\B3\b \IMed\i \Ba\b a bandage for a wound. \Bb\b ointment etc. used to dress a wound.\p\B4\b \ITextiles\i size or stiffening used to finish fabrics.\p\B5\b \IAgriculture\i compost etc. spread over land \3(a top dressing of peat).\c
<hw>dressing case</hw>\p\In.\i\pa case containing toiletries etc.
<hw>dressing down</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Icolloq.\i a scolding; a severe reprimand.
<hw>dressing gown</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IClothing\i a loose usu. belted robe worn over nightwear or while resting.
<hw>dressing room</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a room for changing the clothes etc. in a theatre, sports ground, etc.\p\B2\b a small room attached to a bedroom, containing clothes.
<hw>dressing station</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Iesp. Mil.\i a place for giving emergency treatment to wounded people.
<hw>dressing table</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IFurniture\i a table with a mirror, drawers, etc., used while applying make-up etc.
<hw>dress length</hw>\p\In.\i\p\INeedlework\i a piece of material sufficient to make a dress.
<hw>dressmaker</hw> \K/"drEsmeIk\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IClothing Fashion\i a person, esp. a woman, who makes clothes professionally. \Bdressmaking\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>dress parade</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMil.\i a military parade in full dress uniform.\p\B2\b \IFashion\i a display of clothes worn by models.
<hw>dress rehearsal</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ITheatr\i the final rehearsal of a play etc., wearing costume.
<hw>dress shield</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bdress preserver)\b \IClothing\i a piece of waterproof material fastened in the armpit of a dress to protect it from sweat.
<hw>dress shirt</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IClothing\i\p\B1\b a man's usu. starched white shirt worn with evening dress.\p\B2\b \BUS\b any man's long-sleeved shirt, usu. worn with a tie.\Ksense 2 new f. F. Abate, Nov 94\k
<hw>dressy</hw> \K/"drEsi/\k \Iadj.\i \B(dressier,\b \Bdressiest)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b fond of smart clothes. \Bb\b overdressed. \Bc\b (of clothes) stylish or elaborate.\p\B2\b over-elaborate \3(the design is rather dressy).\c \Bdressiness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>dribble</hw> \K/"drIb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i allow saliva to flow from the mouth.\p\B2\b \Iintr. & tr.\i flow or allow to flow in drops or a trickling stream.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \I(also \Babsol.)\b\i \ISport\i (esp. in football and hockey) move (the ball) forward with slight touches of the feet, the stick, etc., or (in basketball etc.) by continuous bouncing.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or an instance of dribbling.\p\B2\b a small trickling stream. \Bdribbler\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdribbly\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3frequentative of obsolete \Idrib,\i variant of \J\Xdrip\x\j\c
<hw>driblet</hw> \K/"drIblIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a small quantity. \Bb\b a petty sum.\p\B2\b a thin stream; a dribble. \BEtymology:\b \3\Idrib\i (see \J\Xdribble\x)\j + \J\X-let\x\j\c
<hw>dribs and drabs</hw> \K/drIbz (\F'\n)n "drabz/\k \In.pl.\i \Icolloq.\i small scattered amounts \3(did the work in dribs and drabs).\c \BEtymology:\b \3as \J\Xdribble\x\j + \Idrab\i 'reduplication'\c
<hw>dried</hw> \I\Ipast\i and \Ipast part.\i of\i \J\Xdry\x.\j
<hw>drift</hw> \K/drIft/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b slow movement or variation. \Bb\b such movement caused by a slow current.\p\B2\b the intention, meaning, scope, etc. of what is said etc. \3(didn't understand his drift).\c\p\B3\b \IMeteorol\i a large mass of snow, sand, etc., accumulated by the wind.\p\B4\b \Iesp. derog.\i a state of inaction.\p\B5\b \Ba\b \INaut.\i a ship's deviation from its course, due to currents. \Bb\b \IAeron.\i an aircraft's deviation due to side winds. \Bc\b \IBallistics\i a projectile's deviation due to its rotation. \Bd\b \IMotor Racing\i a controlled slide of a racing car etc.\p\B6\b \IMining\i a horizontal passage following a mineral vein.\p\B7\b \IBot\i a large mass of esp. flowering plants \3(a drift of bluebells).\c\p\B8\b \IGeol.\i \Ba\b material deposited by the wind, a current of water, etc. \Bb\b \B(Drift)\b Pleistocene ice detritus, e.g. boulder clay.\p\B9\b \BBrit.\b \IAgriculture\i \Ihist.\i the movement of cattle, esp. a gathering in a forest on an appointed day to determine ownership etc.\p\B10\b \ITools\i a tool for enlarging or shaping a hole in metal.\p\B11\b \BS.Afr.\b \IGeog\i a ford.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i be carried by or as if by a current of air or water.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i move or progress passively, casually, or aimlessly \3(drifted into teaching).\c\p\B3\b \Ba\b \Itr. & intr.\i pile or be piled by the wind into drifts. \Bb\b \Itr.\i cover (a field, a road, etc.) with drifts.\p\B4\b \Itr.\i form or enlarge (a hole) with a drift.\p\B5\b \Itr.\i (of a current) carry. \Bdriftage\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old Norse & Middle Dutch, Middle High German \Itrift\i 'movement of cattle': related to \J\Xdrive\x\j\c
<hw>drifter</hw> \K/"drIft\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an aimless or rootless person.\p\B2\b \INaut Fishing\i a boat used for drift-net fishing.
<hw>drift-ice</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IGeol\i ice driven or deposited by water.
<hw>drift-net</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IFishing\i a large net for herrings etc., allowed to drift with the tide. \Bdrift-netter\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdrift-netting\b\p\In.\i\p\K-er, -ing new f. corpus Sep 93\k
<hw>driftwood</hw> \K/"drIftwUd/\k\p\In.\i\pwood etc. driven or deposited by water or wind.
<hw>drill (1)</hw> \K/drIl/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \ICarpentry Tools\i a pointed, esp. revolving, steel tool or machine used for boring cylindrical holes, sinking wells, etc. \Bb\b \IDentistry\i a dentist's rotary tool for cutting away part of a tooth etc.\Ksense 1b new f. NSOED, News Sep 93\k\p\B2\b \Ba\b \Iesp. Mil.\i instruction or training in military exercises. \Bb\b rigorous discipline or methodical instruction, esp. when learning or performing tasks. \Bc\b routine procedure to be followed in an emergency \3(fire drill).\c \Bd\b a routine or exercise \3(drills in irregular verb patterns).\c\p\B3\b \Icolloq.\i a recognized procedure \3(I expect you know the drill).\c\p\B4\b \IZool\i any of various molluscs, esp. Urosalpinx cinerea, that bore into the shells of young oysters.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \I(also \Babsol.)\b\i \Ba\b (of a person or a tool) make a hole with a drill through or into (wood, metal, etc.). \Bb\b make (a hole) with a drill.\p\B2\b \Itr. & intr.\i \Iesp. Mil.\i subject to or undergo discipline by drill.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i impart (knowledge etc.) by a strict method.\p\B4\b \Itr.\i \Islang\i shoot with a gun \3(drilled him full of holes).\c \Bdriller\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3earlier as verb, from Middle Dutch \Idrillen\i 'bore', of unknown origin\c
<hw>drill (2)</hw> \K/drIl/\k \In. & v.\i \IAgriculture\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a machine used for making furrows, sowing, and covering seed.\p\B2\b a small furrow for sowing seed in.\p\B3\b a ridge with such furrows on top.\p\B4\b a row of plants so sown. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b sow (seed) with a drill.\p\B2\b plant (the ground) in drills. \BEtymology:\b \318th c., of unknown origin: perhaps from \J\Xdrill\x (1)\j\c
<hw>drill (3)</hw> \K/drIl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a W. African baboon, Mandrillus leucophaeus, related to the mandrill. \BEtymology:\b \3probably of African origin: cf. \J\Xmandrill\x\j\c
<hw>drill (4)</hw> \K/drIl/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITextiles\i a coarse twilled cotton or linen fabric. \BEtymology:\b \3earlier \Idrilling\i via German \IDrillich\i from Latin \Itrilix -licis,\i from \Itri-\i 'three' + \Ilicium\i 'thread'\c
<hw>drilling rig</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IIndustry\i a structure with equipment for drilling an oil well etc.\Knew f. OERD, NSOED, corpus, incomings Jun 94\k
<hw>drill stem</hw> \Isee\i \J\Xstem\x (1)\p\In.\i\p7.\j\Knew as hwd Sept 94\k
<hw>drily</hw> \K/"drVIli/\k \Iadv.\i (also \Bdryly)\b\p\B1\b (said) in a dry manner; humorously.\p\B2\b in a dry way or condition.
<hw>drink</hw> \K/drINk/\k \Iv. & n.\i \IDrink\i\p\Iv.\i\p\I(past\i \Bdrank\b \K/draNk/\k; \Ipast part.\i \Bdrunk\b \K/drVNk/\k)\p\B1\b \Ba\b \Itr.\i swallow (a liquid). \Bb\b \Itr.\i swallow the liquid contents of (a container). \Bc\b \Iintr.\i swallow liquid, take draughts \3(drank from the stream).\c\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i take alcohol, esp. to excess \3(I have heard that he drinks).\c\p\B3\b \Itr.\i (of a plant, porous material, etc.) absorb (moisture).\p\B4\b \Irefl.\i bring (oneself etc.) to a specified condition by drinking \3(drank himself into a stupor).\c\p\B5\b \Itr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Baway)\b\i spend (wages etc.) on drink \3(drank away the money).\c\p\B6\b \Itr.\i wish (a person's good health, luck, etc.) by drinking \3(drank his health).\c\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a liquid for drinking \3(milk is a sustaining drink).\c \Bb\b a draught or specified amount of this \3(had a drink of milk).\c\p\B2\b \Ba\b alcoholic liquor \3(got the drink in for Christmas).\c \Bb\b a portion, glass, etc. of this \3(have a drink).\c \Bc\b excessive indulgence in alcohol \3(drink is his vice).\c\p\B3\b (as \Bthe drink)\b \Icolloq.\i the sea.\p\Bdrink deep\b take a large draught or draughts.\p\Bdrink in\b listen to closely or eagerly \3(drank in his every word).\c\p\Bdrink off\b drink the whole (contents) of at once.\p\Bdrink to\b toast; wish success to.\p\1drink a person under the table\c remain sober longer than one's drinking companion.\p\Bdrink up\b drink the whole of; empty.\p\1in drink\c drunk. \Bdrinkable\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Idrincan\i \I(v.),\i \Idrinc(a)\i \I(n.),\i from Germanic\c
<hw>drink-driving</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ILaw Motoring\i the act of driving a vehicle with an excess of alcohol in the blood. \Bdrink-driver\b\p\In.\i\p\Kdrink-driver subsumed Nov 94\k
<hw>drinker</hw> \K/"drINk\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a person who drinks (something). \Bb\b a person who takes alcohol, esp. to excess.\p\B2\b (in full \Bdrinker moth)\b \IZool\i a large brownish moth, \IEuthrix potatoria,\i whose caterpillar is noted for drinking dew.\Knew as hwd: sense 2 new f. NSOED, Coll. Jan 94\k
<hw>drinking song</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMus Drink\i a song sung while drinking, usu. concerning drink.
<hw>drinking-up time</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IDrink Law\i a short period legally allowed for finishing drinks bought before closing time in a public house.
<hw>drinking water</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IDrink\i water pure enough for drinking.
<hw>drip</hw> \K/drIp/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B(dripped,\b \Bdripping)\b\p\B1\b \Iintr. & tr.\i fall or let fall in drops.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i be so wet as to shed drops \3(dripped with blood).\c\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the act or an instance of dripping \3(the steady drip of rain).\c \Bb\b a drop of liquid \3(a drip of paint).\c \Bc\b a sound of dripping.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i a stupid, dull, or ineffective person.\p\B3\b \IMed.\i = \J\Xdrip-feed\x\p\In.\i\p\j\p\B4\b \IArchit.\i a projection, esp. from a window sill, keeping the rain off the walls.\p\1be dripping with\c be full of or covered with \3(a duchess dripping with pearls).\c\p\1dripping wet\c very wet. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle Danish \Idrippe,\i from Germanic (cf. \J\Xdrop\x)\j\c
<hw>drip-dry</hw> \Iv. & adj.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B(-dries,\b \B-dried)\b\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i (of fabric etc.) dry crease-free when hung up to drip.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i leave (a garment etc.) hanging up to dry. \Iadj.\i able to be drip-dried.
<hw>drip-feed</hw> \Iv. & n.\i \IMed\i \Iv.tr.\i feed intravenously in drops.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the continuous intravenous introduction of fluid into the body.\p\B2\b the fluid so introduced.\p\B3\b the apparatus used to do this.\Knew f. POD, SOED Sep 93\k
<hw>drip-mat</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b a small mat under a glass.
<hw>drip-moulding</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IArchit.\i a stone or other projection that deflects rain etc. from walls.
<hw>dripping</hw> \K/"drIpIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ICookery\i fat melted from roasted meat and used esp. for cooking.\p\B2\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i water, grease, etc., dripping from anything.
<hw>dripstone</hw> \K/"drIpst\F'\nUn/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IArchit\i = \J\Xdrip-moulding\x.\j\p\B2\b \IMineral\i a stone formation made by dripping water, e.g. a stalactite.\Knew as hwd; sense 2 new f. NSOED, Coll. Jan 94\k
<hw>drive</hw> \K/drVIv/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\I(past\i \Bdrove\b \K/dr\F'\nUv/\k; \Ipast part.\i \Bdriven\b \K/"drIv(\F'\n)n/\k)\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Baway,\b \Bback,\b \Bin,\b \Bout,\b \Bto,\b etc.)\i urge in some direction, esp. forcibly \3(drove back the wolves).\c\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bto\b + infin., or \Bto\b + verbal noun)\i compel or constrain forcibly \3(was driven to complain;\c \2drove her to stealing).\c \Bb\b \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i force into a specified state \3(drove him mad;\c \2driven to despair).\c \Bc\b \I(often \Brefl.)\b\i urge to overwork \3(drives himself too hard).\c\p\B3\b \Ba\b \Itr.\i \I(also \Babsol.)\b\i operate and direct the course of (a vehicle, a locomotive, etc.) \3(drove a sports car;\c \2drives well).\c \Bb\b \Itr. & intr.\i \ITransport\i convey or be conveyed in a vehicle, esp. a private car \3(drove them to the station;\c \2he drives to work)\c \I(cf.\i \J\Xride\x).\j \Bc\b \Itr.\i \I(also \Babsol.)\b\i \ITransport\i be licensed or competent to drive (a vehicle) \3(does he drive?).\c \Bd\b \Itr.\i \I(also \Babsol.)\b\i urge and direct the course of (an animal drawing a vehicle or plough). \Be\b \Itr.\i \Icolloq.\i operate (an electronic device etc.) \3(bought a new computer but hasn't learnt to drive it yet).\c\Knew f. DJT Sept 94\k\p\B4\b \Itr.\i (of wind, water, etc.) carry along, propel, send, or cause to go in some direction \3(pure as the driven snow).\c\p\B5\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b \I(often foll. by \Binto)\b\i force (a stake, nail, etc.) into place by blows \3(drove the nail home).\c \Bb\b \IMining\i bore (a tunnel, horizontal cavity, etc.).\p\B6\b \Itr.\i effect or conclude forcibly \3(drove a hard bargain;\c \2drove his point home).\c\p\B7\b \Itr.\i \IMech\i (of steam or other power) set or keep (machinery) going.\p\B8\b \Iintr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bat)\b\i work hard; dash, rush, or hasten.\p\B9\b \Itr.\i \ICricket Tennis Baseball\i hit (a ball) hard from a freely swung bat or racket.\p\B10\b \Itr.\i \I(often \Babsol.)\b\i \IGolf\i strike (a ball) with a driver from the tee.\p\B11\b \Itr.\i chase or frighten (game, wild beasts, an enemy in warfare, etc.) from a large area to a smaller, to kill or capture; corner.\p\B12\b \Itr.\i \BBrit.\b \IForestry\i \Ihist.\i hold a drift in (a forest etc.) (see \J\Xdrift\x\p\In.\i\p9).\j\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMotoring\i an act of driving in a motor vehicle; a journey or excursion in such a vehicle \3(went for a pleasant drive;\c \2lives an hour's drive from us).\c\p\B2\b \Ba\b the capacity for achievement; motivation and energy \3(lacks the drive needed to succeed).\c \Bb\b \IPsychol.\i an inner urge to attain a goal or satisfy a need \3(unconscious emotional drives).\c\p\B3\b \Ba\b a usu. landscaped street or road. \Bb\b a usu. private road through a garden or park to a house.\p\B4\b \ICricket,\i \IGolf,\i & \ITennis\i a driving stroke of the bat etc.\p\B5\b an organized effort to achieve a usu. charitable purpose \3(a famine-relief drive).\c\p\B6\b \ITransport\i \Ba\b the transmission of power to machinery, the wheels of a motor vehicle, etc. \3(belt drive;\c \2front-wheel drive).\c \Bb\b the position of a steering wheel in a motor vehicle \3(left-hand drive).\c \Bc\b \IComputing\i = \J\Xdisk drive\x.\j\p\B7\b \BBrit.\b \IGames\i an organized competition, for many players, of whist, bingo, etc.\p\B8\b an act of driving game or an enemy.\p\B9\b \BAustral.\b & \BNZ\b \IForestry\i a line of partly cut trees on a hillside felled when the top one topples on the others.\p\Bdrive at\b seek, intend, or mean \3(what is he driving at?).\c\p\Bdrive out\b take the place of; oust; exorcize, cast out (evil spirits etc.).\p\1driving rain\c \IMeteorol\i an excessive windblown downpour.\p\1let drive\c aim a blow or missile. \Bdrivable\b \Iadj.\i (also \Bdriveable).\b \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Idrifan,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>drive-by</hw> \Iattrib.adj.\i \ICriminol\i (of a crime etc.) carried out from a moving vehicle.\Knew f. OMED, incomings Sep 93\k
<hw>drive-in</hw> \Iadj. & n.\i \Iattrib.adj.\i (of a bank, cinema, etc.) able to be used while sitting in one's car.\p\In.\i\psuch a bank, cinema, etc.
<hw>drivel</hw> \K/"drIv(\F'\n)l/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\psilly nonsense; twaddle.\p\Iv.\i\p\B(drivelled,\b \Bdrivelling;\b \BUS\b \Bdriveled,\b \Bdriveling)\b\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i run at the mouth or nose; dribble.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i talk childishly or idiotically.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \I(foll. by \Baway)\b\i fritter; squander away. \Bdriveller\b\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Bdriveler).\b \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Idreflian\i \I(v.)\i\c
<hw>drive-on</hw> \Iattrib.adj.\i (also \Bdrive-on/drive-off)\b \INaut\i (of a ship) on to and from which motor vehicles may be driven.\Kvar. new f. OED Sep 93\k
<hw>driver</hw> \K/"drVIv\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \I(often in \Bcomb.)\b\i \IMotoring\i a person who drives a vehicle \3(bus driver;\c \2train driver).\c\p\B2\b \IGolf\i a club with a flat face and wooden head, used for driving from the tee.\p\B3\b \IElectr.\i a device or part of a circuit providing power for output.\p\B4\b \IMech.\i a wheel etc. receiving power directly and transmitting motion to other parts.\p\B5\b \IComputing\i a program that controls the operation of a device.\Ksense 5 new f. NSOED, Coll. Jan 94\k\p\1in the driver's seat\c in charge. \Bdriverless\b \Iadj.\i
<hw>driver's license</hw> \BN. Amer.\b \Ivar. of\i \J\Xdriving licence\x.\j\Kcross-ref. to variant Nov 94\k
<hw>driver's test</hw> \BN. Amer.\b \Ivar. of\i \J\Xdriving test\x.\j\Kcross-ref. to variant Nov 94\k
<hw>driveshaft</hw> \K/"drVIvSA:ft/\k\p\In.\i\p\IEngin. Motoring\i a shaft transmitting torque.\Knew f. NSOED, incomings Sep 93\k
<hw>drive-through</hw> \Iattrib.adj.\i \Besp. N. Amer.\b\p\B1\b designating a shop, restaurant, etc. which has a window at which customers are served without leaving their cars.\p\B2\b suitable for driving through \3(a drive-through tunnel).\c\Knew f. SOED, corpus Sep 93\k
<hw>drive-time</hw>\p\In.\i\p\I(often \Battrib.)\b\i \IBroadcasting\i the parts of the day when many people commute by car \3(a drive-time radio show).\c\Knew f. incomings Sep 93\k
<hw>driving licence</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B(N. Amer.\b \Bdriver's license)\b \IMotoring\i a licence permitting a person to drive a motor vehicle.
<hw>driving range</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IGolf\i an area for practising drives.
<hw>driving test</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B(N. Amer.\b \Bdriver's test)\b \IMotoring\i an official test of a motorist's competence which must be passed to obtain a driving licence.
<hw>driving wheel</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMech\i\p\B1\b \IRailways\i the large wheel of a locomotive.\p\B2\b a wheel transmitting motive power in machinery.
<hw>drizzle</hw> \K/"drIz(\F'\n)l/\k \In. & v.\i \IMeteorol\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b very fine rain.\p\B2\b \Iesp. Cookery\i fine drops; a fine trickle.\p\B1\b \Iv.intr.\i (esp. of rain) fall in very fine drops \3(it's drizzling again).\c\p\B2\b \Iv.tr.\i \Iesp. Cookery\i sprinkle in fine drops or a thin trickle.\Kn2 and v2 new f. SOED SEP 93\k \Bdrizzly\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3probably from Middle English \Idrese,\i Old English \Idreosan\i 'fall'\c
<hw>Dr Martens</hw> \K/dQkt\F'\n "mA:tInz/\k \In.pl.\i (also \BDoc Martens,\b \BDoctor Martens)\b \IFashion\i \Ipropr.\i a type of heavy usu. laced boot or shoe with a cushioned sole.\Knew f. SOED, corpus Sept 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3from \IDr\i K. \IMaertens,\i the name of the German inventor of the sole\c
<hw>drogue</hw> \K/dr\F'\nUg/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \INaut.\i \Ba\b a buoy at the end of a harpoon line. \Bb\b a sea anchor.\p\B2\b \IAeron.\i a truncated cone of fabric used as a brake, a target for gunnery, a windsock, etc. \BEtymology:\b \318th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>droit</hw> \K/drOIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i a right or due. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Idirectum\i \I(n.),\i from \Idirectus\i \J\Xdirect\x\j\c
<hw>droit de seigneur</hw> \K/drwA: d\F'\n sEn"j\F'\n:/\k\p\In.\i\p\Ihist.\i the alleged right of a feudal lord to have sexual intercourse with a vassal's bride on her wedding night. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = lord's right\c
<hw>droll</hw> \K/dr\F'\nUl/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b quaintly amusing.\p\B2\b strange; odd; surprising.\p\In.\i\p\Iarchaic\i\p\B1\b a jester; an entertainer.\p\B2\b a quaintly amusing person. \Bdrollery\b\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies).\b \Bdrolly\b \K/"dr\F'\nUlli/\k \Iadv.\i \Bdrollness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Idr⌠le,\i perhaps from Middle Dutch \Idrolle\i 'little man'\c
<hw>-drome</hw> \K/dr\F'\nUm/\k \Icomb. form\i forming nouns denoting:\p\B1\b a place for running, racing, or other forms of movement \3(aerodrome;\c \2hippodrome).\c\p\B2\b a thing that runs or proceeds in a certain way \3(palindrome;\c \2syndrome).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Idromos\i 'course, running'\c
<hw>dromedary</hw> \K/"drQmId(\F'\n)ri/, /"drVm-/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IZool\i = \J\XArabian camel\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Idromedaire\i or Late Latin \Idromedarius,\i ultimately from Greek \Idromas -ados\i 'runner'\c
<hw>dromond</hw> \K/"drQm\F'\nnd/, /"drVm-/\k\p\In.\i\p\INaut\i \Ihist.\i a large medieval ship used for war or commerce. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Idromon(t)\i and Late Latin \Idromo -onis\i from late Greek \Idromon\i 'light vessel'\c
<hw>drone</hw> \K/dr\F'\nUn/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool\i a non-working male of the honey bee, whose sole social function is to mate with fertile females.\p\B2\b an idler.\p\B3\b a deep humming sound.\p\B4\b a monotonous speech or speaker.\p\B5\b \IMus\i \Ba\b a pipe, esp. of a bagpipe, sounding a continuous note of fixed low pitch. \Bb\b the note emitted by this. \Bc\b (on a stringed instrument) a string used to produce a continuous droning sound.\Ksense 5c new f. SOED May 94\k\p\B6\b \IMil Aeron\i a remote-controlled pilotless aircraft or missile.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i make a deep humming sound.\p\B2\b \Iintr. & tr.\i speak or utter monotonously.\p\B3\b \Ba\b \Iintr.\i be idle. \Bb\b \Itr.\i \I(often foll. by \Baway)\b\i idle away (one's time etc.). \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Idran,\i \Idrµn,\i probably from West Germanic\c
<hw>drongo</hw> \K/"drQNg\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os\b or \B-oes)\b\p\B1\b \IZool\i any black bird of the family Dicruridae, native to Asia, Africa, and Australia, having a long forked tail.\p\B2\b \BAustral.\b & \BNZ\b \Islang\i \Iderog.\i a simpleton. \BEtymology:\b \3Malagasy\c
<hw>droob</hw> \K/dru:b/\k\p\In.\i\p\BAustral.\b \Islang\i a hopeless-looking ineffectual person. \BEtymology:\b \3perhaps from \J\Xdroop\x\j\c
<hw>drool</hw> \K/dru:l/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.intr.\i\p\B1\b drivel; slobber.\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Bover)\b\i show much pleasure or infatuation.\p\In.\i\pslobbering; drivelling. \BEtymology:\b \3contraction of \Idrivel\i\c
<hw>droop</hw> \K/dru:p/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr. & tr.\i hang or allow to hang down; languish, decline, or sag, esp. from weariness.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \Ba\b (of the eyes) look downwards. \Bb\b \Ipoet.\i (of the sun) sink.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i lose heart; be dejected; flag.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a drooping attitude.\p\B2\b a loss of spirit or enthusiasm. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old Norse \Idr·pa\i 'hang the head', from Germanic: cf. \J\Xdrop\x\j\c
<hw>droop-snoot</hw> \Iadj. & n.\i \IAeron\i \Icolloq.\i \Iattrib.adj.\i (of an aircraft) having an adjustable nose or leading-edge flap.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b such an aircraft.\p\B2\b the nose or leading-edge flap of such an aircraft.\Ksense 2 new f. SOED, OED Sep 93\k
<hw>drop</hw> \K/drQp/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a small round or pear-shaped portion of liquid that hangs or falls or adheres to a surface \3(drops of dew;\c \2tears fell in large drops).\c \Bb\b a very small amount of usu. drinkable liquid \3(just a drop left in the glass).\c \Bc\b \IDrink\i a glass etc. of alcoholic liquor \3(take a drop with us).\c\p\B2\b \Ba\b an abrupt fall or slope. \Bb\b the amount of this \3(a drop of fifteen feet).\c \Bc\b an act of falling or dropping \3(had a nasty drop).\c \Bd\b a reduction in prices, temperature, etc. \Be\b a deterioration or worsening \3(a drop in status).\c\p\B3\b something resembling a drop of liquid, esp.: \Ba\b a pendant or earring. \Bb\b a crystal ornament on a chandelier etc. \Bc\b \I(often in \Bcomb.)\b\i \IFood\i a sweet or lozenge \3(pear drop;\c \2cough drop).\c\p\B4\b something that drops or is dropped, esp.: \Ba\b \ITheatr.\i a painted curtain or scenery let down on to the stage. \Bb\b a platform or trapdoor on a gallows, the opening of which causes the victim to fall. \Bc\b \I(in \Bcomb.)\b\i = sense 11 of\p\Iv.\i\p\3(drop handlebars).\c\K4c new f. incomings, SOED Feb 95\k\p\B5\b \IMed.\i \Ba\b the smallest separable quantity of a liquid. \Bb\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i liquid medicine to be measured in drops \3(eye drops).\c\p\B6\b a minute quantity \3(not a drop of pity).\c\p\B7\b \Icolloq.\i a delivery.\K7 new f. JHM Dec 94\k\p\B8\b \Islang\i \Ba\b a hiding place for stolen or illicit goods. \Bb\b a secret place where documents etc. may be left or passed on in espionage.\p\B9\b \Islang\i a bribe.\p\B10\b \BUS\b a letter box.\p\Iv.\i\p\B(dropped,\b \Bdropping)\b\p\B1\b \Iintr. & tr.\i fall or let fall in drops \3(tears dropped on to the book;\c \2dropped the soup down his shirt).\c\p\B2\b \Iintr. & tr.\i fall or allow to fall; relinquish; let go \3(dropped the box;\c \2the egg dropped from my hand).\c\p\B3\b \Ba\b \Iintr. & tr.\i sink or cause to sink or fall to the ground from exhaustion, a blow, a wound, etc. \Bb\b \Iintr.\i die.\p\B4\b \Ba\b \Iintr. & tr.\i cease or cause to cease; lapse or let lapse; abandon \3(the connection dropped;\c \2dropped the friendship;\c \2drop everything and come at once).\c \Bb\b \Itr.\i \Icolloq.\i cease to associate with.\p\B5\b \Itr.\i set down (a passenger etc.) \3(drop me at the station).\c\p\B6\b \Itr. & intr.\i utter or be uttered casually \3(dropped a hint;\c \2the remark dropped into the conversation).\c\p\B7\b \Itr.\i send casually \3(drop me a postcard).\c\p\B8\b \Ba\b \Iintr. & tr.\i fall or allow to fall in direction, amount, condition, degree, pitch, etc. \3(his voice dropped;\c \2the wind dropped;\c \2we dropped the price by ú20;\c \2the road dropped southwards).\c \Bb\b \Iintr.\i (of a person) jump down lightly; let oneself fall. \Bc\b \Itr.\i remove (clothes, esp. trousers) rapidly, allowing them to fall to the ground.\p\B9\b \Itr.\i \Icolloq.\i lose (money, esp. in gambling).\p\B10\b \Itr.\i omit (a letter, esp. aitch, a syllable etc.) in speech.\p\B11\b \Itr.\i (as \Bdropped\b \Iadj.)\i in a lower position than usual \3(dropped handlebars;\c \2dropped waist).\c\p\B12\b \Itr.\i \IZool\i give birth to (esp. a lamb, a kitten, etc.).\p\B13\b \ICards\i \Ba\b \Iintr.\i (of a card) be played in the same trick as a higher card. \Bb\b \Itr.\i play or cause (a card) to be played in this way.\p\B14\b \Itr.\i \ISport\i lose (a game, a point, a contest, a match, etc.).\p\B15\b \Itr.\i \IAeron.\i deliver (supplies etc.) by parachute.\p\B16\b \Itr.\i \IRugby\i \Ba\b send (a ball) by a drop kick. \Bb\b score (a goal) by a drop kick.\p\B17\b \Itr.\i \Icolloq.\i dismiss or omit \3(was dropped from the team).\c\p\1at the drop of a hat\c given the slightest excuse.\p\1drop anchor\c \INaut\i anchor ship.\p\1drop asleep\c fall gently asleep.\p\Bdrop away\b decrease or depart gradually.\p\Bdrop back\b (or \Bbehind\b or \Bto the rear)\b fall back; get left behind.\p\Bdrop back into\b return to (a habit etc.).\p\1drop a brick\c \Besp. Brit.\b \Icolloq.\i make an indiscreet or embarrassing remark.\p\1drop a curtsy\c \BBrit.\b make a curtsy.\p\1drop dead!\c \Islang\i an exclamation of intense scorn.\p\Bdrop down\b descend a hill etc.\p\Bdrop in\b (or \Bby)\b \Icolloq.\i call casually as a visitor.\p\1a drop in the ocean\c (or \Ba bucket)\b a very small amount, esp. compared with what is needed or expected.\p\Bdrop into\b \Icolloq.\i\p\B1\b call casually at (a place).\p\B2\b fall into (a habit etc.).\p\1drop it!\c \Islang\i stop that!\p\Bdrop off\b\p\B1\b decline gradually.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i fall asleep.\p\B3\b \I=\i sense 5 of\p\Iv.\i\p\Bdrop on\b \BBrit.\b reprimand or punish.\p\Bdrop out\b \Icolloq.\i cease to participate, esp. in a race, a course of study, or in conventional society.\p\1drop a stitch\c \IKnitting\i let a stitch fall off the end of a knitting needle.\p\Bdrop to\b \BBrit.\b \Islang\i become aware of.\p\1fit (or ready) to drop\c extremely tired.\p\1have the drop on\c \Icolloq.\i have the advantage over.\p\1have had a drop too much\c \Icolloq.\i be slightly drunk. \Bdroplet\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Idropa\i \I(n.),\i \Idrop(p)ian\i \I(v.),\i ultimately from Germanic: cf. \J\Xdrip\x,\j \J\Xdroop\x\j\c
<hw>drop-forging</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMetallurgy\i a method of forcing white-hot metal through an open-ended die by a heavy weight. \Bdrop-forge\b \Iv.tr.\i\Kverb new f. SOED Oct 94\k
<hw>drop goal</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IRugby\i a goal scored from a drop kick during play.\Knew f. corpus Sep 93\k
<hw>drop hammer</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMech\i a heavy weight raised mechanically and allowed to drop, as used in drop-forging and piledriving.
<hw>drophead</hw> \K/"drQphEd/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ITransport\i the adjustable fabric roof of a car.
<hw>drop-in centre</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ISociol\i a meeting place where people may call casually for advice, conversation, etc.
<hw>drop kick</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IRugby\i a kick made by dropping the ball and kicking it on the bounce.
<hw>drop-leaf</hw> \Iattrib.adj.\i \IFurniture\i (of a table etc.) having a hinged flap.
<hw>drop-off</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an act of dropping off or delivering something or someone.\p\B2\b a decline, a decrease \3(a drop-off in sales).\c\p\B3\b \BN. Amer.\b a sheer downward slope, a cliff.\Knew f. NSOED, News Sep 93\k
<hw>drop-out</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Icolloq.\i a person who has dropped out.\p\B2\b \IRugby\i the restarting of a game by a drop kick.
<hw>dropper</hw> \K/"drQp\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMed\i a device for administering liquid, esp. medicine, in drops.\p\B2\b \BAustral.,\b \BNZ,\b & \BS.Afr.\b a light vertical stave in a fence.
<hw>droppings</hw> \K/"drQpINz/\k \In.pl.\i\p\B1\b \IZool\i the dung of animals or birds.\p\B2\b something that falls or has fallen in drops, e.g. wax from candles.
<hw>drop scone</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ICookery\i a small thick pancake made by dropping batter into a frying pan etc.
<hw>drop shot</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ITennis\i (in tennis, badminton, etc.) a shot dropping abruptly over the net.
<hw>dropsy</hw> \K/"drQpsi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \IMed\i = \J\Xoedema\x.\j\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b \Islang\i a tip or bribe. \Bdropsical\b \Iadj.\i (in sense 1). \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, shortened form of \Iidrop(e)sie\i from Old French \Iidropesie,\i ultimately via Latin \Ihydropisis\i from Greek \Ihudrops\i 'dropsy' (as \J\Xhydro-\x)\j\c
<hw>drop test</hw> \In. & v.\i \IEngin.\i\p\In.\i\pa test done by dropping under standard conditions. \Iv.tr.\i \B(drop-test)\b carry out a drop test on.
<hw>dropwort</hw> \K/"drQpw\F'\n:t/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a plant, Filipendula vulgaris, with tuberous root fibres.
<hw>drop zone</hw>\p\In.\i\pa zone designated for parachutists to land in.\Knew f.\k
<hw>droshky</hw> \K/"drQSki/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \ITransport\i a Russian low four-wheeled open carriage. \BEtymology:\b \3Russian \Idrozhki,\i diminutive of \Idrogi\i 'wagon', from \Idroga\i 'shaft'\c
<hw>drosophila</hw> \K/drQ"sQfIl\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a small fruit fly of the genus \IDrosophila,\i used extensively in genetic research because of its large chromosomes, numerous varieties, and rapid rate of reproduction. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin, from Greek \Idrosos\i 'dew, moisture' + \Iphilos\i 'loving'\c
<hw>dross</hw> \K/drQs/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b rubbish, refuse.\p\B2\b \Ba\b \IMetallurgy\i the scum separated from metals in melting. \Bb\b foreign matter mixed with anything; impurities. \Bdrossy\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Idros:\i related to Middle Low German \Idrosem,\i Old High German \Itruosana\i\c
<hw>drought</hw> \K/draUt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMeteorol\i the continuous absence of rain; dry weather.\p\B2\b the prolonged lack of something.\p\B3\b \Iarchaic\i a lack of moisture; thirst; dryness. \Bdroughty\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Idrugath\i from \Idryge\i \J\Xdry\x\j\c
<hw>drove (2)</hw> \K/dr\F'\nUv/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a large number (of people etc.) moving together; a crowd; a multitude; a shoal. \Bb\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \Icolloq.\i a great number \3(people arrived in droves).\c\p\B2\b a herd or flock being driven or moving together. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Idraf\i from \Idrifan\i \J\Xdrive\x\j\c
<hw>drover</hw> \K/"dr\F'\nUv\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAgriculture\i a person who drives herds to market; a cattle-dealer. \Bdrove\b \Iv.tr.\i \Bdroving\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>drove road</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Besp. Sc.\b \ITransport\i an ancient cattle track.
<hw>drown</hw> \K/draUn/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr. & intr.\i kill or be killed by submersion in liquid.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i submerge; flood; drench \3(drowned the fields in six feet of water).\c\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bin)\b\i deaden (grief etc.) with drink \3(drowned his sorrows in whisky).\c\p\B4\b \Itr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bout)\b\i make (a sound) inaudible by means of a louder sound.\p\Bdrown out\b drive out by flood.\p\1like a drowned rat\c \Icolloq.\i extremely wet and bedraggled. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English (originally northern) \Idrun(e),\i \Idroun(e),\i related to Old Norse \Idrukkna\i 'be drowned', from the Germanic base of \J\Xdrink\x\j\c
<hw>drowned valley</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IGeog\i a valley partly or wholly submerged by a change in land levels.
<hw>drowse</hw> \K/draUz/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i be dull and sleepy or half asleep.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b \I(often foll. by \Baway)\b\i pass (the time) in drowsing. \Bb\b make drowsy.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i \Iarchaic\i be sluggish.\p\In.\i\pa condition of sleepiness. \BEtymology:\b \3back-formation from \J\Xdrowsy\x\j\c
<hw>drowsy</hw> \K/"draUzi/\k \Iadj.\i \B(drowsier,\b \Bdrowsiest)\b\p\B1\b half asleep; dozing.\p\B2\b soporific; lulling.\p\B3\b sluggish. \Bdrowsily\b \Iadv.\i \Bdrowsiness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3probably related to Old English \Idrusian\i 'be languid or slow', \Idreosan\i 'fall': cf. \J\Xdreary\x\j\c
<hw>drub</hw> \K/drVb/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(drubbed,\b \Bdrubbing)\b\p\B1\b thump; belabour.\p\B2\b beat in a fight.\p\B3\b \I(usu. foll. by \Binto,\b \Bout of)\b\i beat (an idea, attitude, etc.) into or out of a person. \Bdrubbing\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3ultimately from Arabic \Idaraba\i 'beat'\c
<hw>drudge</hw> \K/drVdZ/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\pa servile worker, esp. at menial tasks; a hack. \Iv.intr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bat)\b\i work slavishly (at menial, hard, or dull work). \Bdrudgery\b \K/"drVdZ(\F'\n)ri/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English: perhaps related to \J\Xdrag\x,\j \J\Xdree\x\j\c
<hw>drug</hw> \K/drVg/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMed\i a medicinal substance.\p\B2\b a narcotic, hallucinogen, or stimulant, esp. one causing addiction.\p\Iv.\i\p\B(drugged,\b \Bdrugging)\b\p\B1\b \Itr.\i add a drug to (food or drink).\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b \IMed\i administer a drug to. \Bb\b stupefy with a drug.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i \BBrit.\b take drugs as an addict.\Kdrug on the market omitted f. COD9 Sep 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English \Idrogges,\i \Idrouges\i from Old French \Idrogue,\i of unknown origin\c
<hw>drug addict</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a person who is addicted to a narcotic drug.
<hw>drugget</hw> \K/"drVgIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITextiles\i\p\B1\b a coarse woven fabric used as a floor or table covering.\p\B2\b such a covering. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Idroguet,\i of unknown origin\c
<hw>druggist</hw> \K/"drVgIst/\k\p\In.\i\p\Besp. N. Amer.\b \IPharm\i a pharmacist. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Idroguiste\i (as \J\Xdrug\x)\j\c
<hw>druggy</hw> \K/"drVgi/\k \In. & adj.\i \Icolloq.\i\p\In.\i\p(also \Bdruggie)\b \I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b a drug addict. \Iadj.\i of or associated with narcotic drugs.
<hw>drug peddler</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Icolloq.\i \Bdrug pusher)\b \ICriminol\i a person who sells esp. addictive drugs illegally.
<hw>drug squad</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ILaw\i a division of a police force investigating crimes involving illegal drugs.
<hw>drugstore</hw> \K/"drVgstO:/\k\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b \IPharm\i a chemist's shop also selling light refreshments and other articles.
<hw>Druid</hw> \K/"dru:Id/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(fem.\i \BDruidess\b \K/-dIs/\k)\p\B1\b an ancient Celtic priest, magician, or soothsayer of Gaul, Britain, or Ireland.\p\B2\b a member of a Welsh etc. Druidic order, esp. the Gorsedd. \BDruidic\b \K/-"IdIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BDruidical\b \K/-"IdIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \BDruidism\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Idruide\i or Latin pl. \Idruidae,\i \I-des,\i Greek \Idruidai\i from Gaulish \Idruides\i\c
<hw>drum (1)</hw> \K/drVm/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMus\i \Ba\b a percussion instrument or toy made of a hollow cylinder or hemisphere covered at one or both ends with stretched skin or parchment and sounded by striking \3(bass drum;\c \2kettledrum).\c \Bb\b \I(often in \Bpl.)\b\i a drummer or a percussion section \3(the drums are playing too loud).\c \Bc\b a sound made by or resembling that of a drum.\p\B2\b something resembling a drum in shape, esp.: \Ba\b a cylindrical container or receptacle for oil, dried fruit, etc. \Bb\b a cylinder or barrel in machinery on which something is wound etc. \Bc\b \IArchit.\i the solid part of a Corinthian or composite capital. \Bd\b \IArchit.\i a stone block forming a section of a shaft. \Be\b \BAustral.\b & \BNZ\b swag, a bundle.\p\B3\b \IZool.\i & \IAnat.\i the membrane of the middle ear; the eardrum.\p\B4\b \BBrit.\b \Islang\i \Ba\b a house. \Bb\b a nightclub. \Bc\b a brothel.\p\B5\b (in full \Bdrum fish)\b \IZool\i any marine fish of the family Sciaenidae, having a swim-bladder that produces a drumming sound.\p\B6\b \Ihist.\i an evening or afternoon tea party.\p\B7\b \BAustral.\b \Islang\i a piece of reliable information, esp. a racing tip.\p\Iv.\i\p\B(drummed,\b \Bdrumming)\b\p\B1\b \Iintr. & tr.\i \IMus\i play on a drum.\p\B2\b \Itr. & intr.\i beat, tap, or thump (knuckles, feet, etc.) continuously (on something) \3(drummed on the table;\c \2drummed his feet;\c \2drumming at the window).\c\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i (of a bird or an insect) make a loud, hollow noise with quivering wings.\p\B4\b \Itr.\i \BAustral.\b \Islang\i provide with reliable information.\p\Bdrum into\b drive (a lesson) into (a person) by persistence.\p\Bdrum out\b \IMil.\i cashier (a soldier) by the beat of a drum; dismiss with ignominy.\p\Bdrum up\b summon, gather, or call up \3(needs to drum up more support).\c \BEtymology:\b \3obsolete \Idrombslade,\i \Idrombyllsclad,\i from Low German \Itrommelslag\i 'drumbeat', from \Itrommel\i 'drum' + \Islag\i 'beat'\c
<hw>drum (2)</hw> \K/drVm/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bdrumlin\b \K/"drVmlIn/\k) \IGeol.\i a long oval mound of boulder clay moulded by glacial action. \Bdrumlinoid\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Gaelic & Irish \Idruim\i 'ridge': \I-lin\i perhaps for \J\X-ling\x (1)\j\c
<hw>drumbeat</hw> \K/"drVmbi:t/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMus.\i a stroke or the sound of a stroke on a drum.
<hw>drum brake</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMech\i a brake in which shoes on a vehicle press against the drum on a wheel.
<hw>drumfire</hw> \K/"drVmfVI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMil.\i heavy continuous rapid artillery fire, usu. heralding an infantry attack.\p\B2\b a barrage of criticism etc.
<hw>drumhead</hw> \K/"drVmhEd/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMus\i the skin or membrane of a drum.\p\B2\b \IAnat\i an eardrum.\p\B3\b \INaut\i the circular top of a capstan.\p\B4\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i improvised \3(drumhead court martial).\c
<hw>drum kit</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMus\i a set of drums, cymbals, etc.\Knew f. POD8 Sep 93\k
<hw>drumlin</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xdrum\x (2).\j
<hw>drum machine</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMus Electronics\i an electronic device that imitates the sound of percussion instruments.
<hw>drum major</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i\p\B1\b the leader of a marching band.\p\B2\b \Iarchaic\i an NCO commanding the drummers of a regiment.
<hw>drum majorette</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Besp. US\b a member of a female baton-twirling parading group.
<hw>drummer</hw> \K/"drVm\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMus\i a person who plays a drum or drums.\p\B2\b \Besp. US\b \Icolloq.\i a commercial traveller.\p\B3\b \BBrit.\b \Islang\i a thief.
<hw>drumstick</hw> \K/"drVmstIk/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMus\i a stick used for beating a drum.\p\B2\b \ICookery\i the lower joint of the leg of a cooked chicken, turkey, etc.
<hw>drunk</hw> \K/drVNk/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b rendered incapable by alcohol \3(blind drunk;\c \2dead drunk;\c \2drunk as a lord).\c\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i overcome or elated with joy, success, power, etc.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a habitually drunk person.\p\B2\b \Islang\i a drinking bout; a period of drunkenness. \BEtymology:\b \3past part. of \J\Xdrink\x\j\c
<hw>drunkard</hw> \K/"drVNk\F'\nd/\k\p\In.\i\pa person who is drunk, esp. habitually.
<hw>drunken</hw> \K/"drVNk(\F'\n)n/\k \Iadj.\i \I(usu. \Battrib.)\b\i\p\B1\b caused by or exhibiting drunkenness \3(a drunken brawl).\c\p\B2\b fond of drinking; often drunk. \Bdrunkenly\b \Iadv.\i \Bdrunkenness\b \K/"drVNk(\F'\n)nnIs/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>drunken driving</hw>\p\In.\i\p= \J\Xdrink-driving\x.\j\Knew f. corpus Nov 94\k
<hw>drupe</hw> \K/dru:p/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i any fleshy or pulpy fruit enclosing a stone containing one or a few seeds, e.g. an olive, plum, or peach. \Bdrupaceous\b \K/-"peIS\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idrupa\i from Greek \Idruppa\i 'olive'\c
<hw>drupel</hw> \K/"dru:p(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bdrupelet\b \K/"dru:plIt/\k) \IBot\i a small drupe usu. in an aggregate fruit, e.g. a blackberry or raspberry.
<hw>druse</hw> \K/dru:z/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeol\i\p\B1\b a crust of crystals lining a rock cavity.\p\B2\b a cavity lined with this. \BEtymology:\b \3French from German, = weathered ore\c
<hw>druther</hw> \K/"drVD\F'\n/\k \Iadv. & n.\i \BN. Amer.\b \Icolloq.\i \Iadv.\i rather, by preference \3(I'd druther not go).\c\p\In.\i\p\I(in \Bpl.)\b\i preference, choice; one's way \3(if I had my druthers).\c\Knew f. SOED, incomings Seot 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3from a US dialect pronunciation of \Iwould rather\i\c
<hw>Druze</hw> \K/dru:z/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \BDruse)\b \I(often \Battrib.)\b\i \IRelig\i a member of a political or religious sect linked with Islam and living near Mount Lebanon \3(Druze militia).\c \BEtymology:\b \3French from Arabic \Iduruz\i (pl.), probably from the name of their founder, Muhammad ibn Ismail \Ial-Darazi\i (d. 1019)\c
<hw>dry</hw> \K/drVI/\k \Iadj., v., & n.\i \Iadj.\i \B(drier\b \K/"drVI\F'\n/\k; \Bdriest\b \K/"drVIIst/\k)\p\B1\b free from moisture, not wet, esp.: \Ba\b with any moisture having evaporated, drained, or been wiped away \3(the clothes are not dry yet).\c \Bb\b (of the eyes) free from tears. \Bc\b (of a climate etc.) with insufficient rainfall; not rainy \3(a dry spell).\c \Bd\b (of a river, well, etc.) dried up; not yielding water. \Be\b (of a liquid) having disappeared by evaporation etc. \Bf\b not connected with or for use without moisture \3(dry shampoo).\c \Bg\b (of a shave) with an electric razor.\p\B2\b \IDrink\i (of wine etc.) not sweet \3(dry sherry).\c\p\B3\b \Ba\b meagre, plain, or bare \3(dry facts).\c \Bb\b uninteresting; dull \3(dry as dust).\c\p\B4\b (of a sense of humour, a joke, etc.) subtle, ironic, and quietly expressed; not obvious.\p\B5\b \IDrink\i \Ba\b (of a country, of legislation, etc.) prohibiting the sale of alcoholic drink. \Bb\b (of a person) abstaining from alcohol or drugs.\Ksense 5b new f. News Sep 93\k\p\B6\b (of toast, bread, etc.) without butter, margarine, etc.\p\B7\b \BBrit.\b (of provisions, groceries, etc.) solid, not liquid.\p\B8\b impassive, unsympathetic; hard; cold.\p\B9\b \IAgriculture\i (of a cow etc.) not yielding milk.\p\B10\b \Icolloq.\i thirsty or thirst-making \3(feel dry;\c \2this is dry work).\c\p\B11\b \BBrit.\b \IPolit.\i \Icolloq.\i of or being a political 'dry' \I(see\i sense 3 of \In.).\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B(dries,\b \Bdried)\b\p\B1\b \Itr. & intr.\i make or become dry by wiping, evaporation, draining, etc.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i (usu. as \Bdried\b \Iadj.)\i \IFood\i preserve (food etc.) by removing the moisture \3(dried egg;\c \2dried fruit;\c \2dried flowers).\c\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bup)\b\i \ITheatr.\i \Icolloq.\i forget one's lines.\p\B4\b \Itr. & intr.\i \I(often foll. by \Boff,\b \Bup)\b\i \IAgriculture\i cease or cause (a cow etc.) to cease yielding milk.\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bdries)\b\p\B1\b the process or an instance of drying.\p\B2\b \I(prec. by \Bthe)\b\i a dry place \3(come into the dry).\c\Ksense 2 new f. DJT Sep 93\k\p\B3\b \BBrit.\b \IPolit\i \Icolloq.\i a politician, esp. a Conservative, who advocates individual responsibility, free trade, and economic stringency, and opposes high government spending.\p\B4\b \Ba\b \I(prec. by \Bthe)\b\i \Besp. Austral.\b \IMeteorol\i \Icolloq.\i the dry season. \Bb\b \BAustral.\b \IGeog\i a desert area, waterless country.\p\B5\b \IDrink\i \Ba\b dry ginger ale. \Bb\b dry wine, sherry, etc.\p\Bdry out\b\p\B1\b become fully dry.\p\B2\b (of a drug addict, alcoholic, etc.) undergo treatment to cure addiction.\p\Bdry up\b\p\B1\b make utterly dry.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b dry dishes.\p\B3\b (of moisture) disappear utterly.\p\B4\b (of a well etc.) cease to yield water.\p\B5\b \I(esp. in \Bimper.)\b\i \Icolloq.\i cease talking.\p\Bgo dry\b \ILaw\i enact legislation for the prohibition of alcohol. \Bdryish\b \Iadj.\i \Bdryness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Idryge,\i \Idrygan,\i related to Middle Low German \Idr÷ge,\i Middle Dutch \Idroghe,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>dryad</hw> \K/"drVI\F'\nd/, /-ad/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMythol.\i a nymph inhabiting a tree; a wood nymph. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Idryade\i and Latin from Greek \Idruas -ados,\i from \Idrus\i 'tree'\c
<hw>dry battery</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IElectr.\i an electric battery consisting of dry cells.
<hw>dry cell</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IElectr.\i a cell in which the electrolyte is absorbed in a solid and cannot be spilled.
<hw>dry-clean</hw> \Iv.tr. & intr.\i \ICommerce\i clean (clothes etc.), or be cleanable, with organic solvents without using water. \Bdry-cleaner\b\p\In.\i\p\Kdry-cleaner subsumed Aug 92 aaw\k
<hw>dry cough</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a cough not producing phlegm.
<hw>dry cure</hw> \Iv.tr.\i \IFood\i cure (meat etc.) without pickling in liquid.
<hw>dry dock</hw>\p\In.\i\p\INaut\i an enclosure for the building or repairing of ships, from which water can be pumped out.
<hw>dryer</hw> \K/"drVI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bdrier)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b a machine or appliance for drying the hair, laundry, the hands, etc. \Bb\b = \J\Xclothes horse\x 1.\j\K1b new f. corpus Sept 94\k\p\B2\b a substance mixed with oil paint or ink to promote drying.
<hw>dry-eyed</hw> \Iadj.\i not weeping.\Knew f. corpus Sep 93\k
<hw>dry fly</hw> \In. & v.\i \IFishing\i\p\In.\i\pan artificial fly which floats on the water \I(often hyphenated when \Battrib.:\b\i \2dry-fly anglers).\c \Iv.intr.\i \B(dry-fly)\b \B(-flies,\b \B-flied)\b fish using a dry fly.\Knoun new f. SOED, incomings Sep 93\k
<hw>dry goods</hw> \In.pl.\i\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b \ICommerce\i solid as opposed to liquid foodstuffs.\p\B2\b \BUS\b fabrics, clothing, etc.\Kremoved as example f. dry adj. 7 and expanded Nov 94\k
<hw>dry land</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IGeol\i land as opposed to the sea, a river, etc.\p\B2\b \B(dryland\b \K/"drVIl\F'\nnd/\k) \I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i \Besp. N. Amer.\b an area or land where rainfall is low \I(also \Battrib.:\b\i \2dryland farming).\c\Ksense 2 new f. corpus, SOED Sep 93\k
<hw>dryly</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xdrily\x.\j
<hw>dry measure</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ISci\i a measure of capacity for dry goods.
<hw>dry-nurse</hw>\p\In.\i\pa nurse for young children, not required to breastfeed.
<hw>dry plate</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhotog.\i a photographic plate with sensitized film hard and dry for convenience of keeping, developing at leisure, etc.
<hw>dry-point</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IArt\i\p\B1\b a needle for engraving on a bare copper plate without acid.\p\B2\b an engraving produced with this.
<hw>dry rot</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot Building\i\p\B1\b a type of decay affecting wood in poorly ventilated conditions, caused by certain fungi.\p\B2\b these fungi.
<hw>dry run</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Icolloq.\i a rehearsal.
<hw>dry-salt</hw> \Iv.tr.\i = \J\Xdry cure\x.\j
<hw>dry-salter</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ICommerce Food\i \Ihist.\i a dealer in dyes, gums, drugs, oils, pickles, tinned meats, etc.
<hw>dry-shod</hw> \Iadj. & adv.\i without wetting the shoes.
<hw>dry slope</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ISkiing\i an artificial ski slope used esp. for practice.\Knew f. News Sep 93\k
<hw>drystone</hw> \K/"drVIst\F'\nUn/\k \Iattrib.adj.\i \BBrit.\b \IBuilding\i (of a wall etc.) built without mortar.
<hw>drywall</hw> \K/"drVIwO:l/\k\p\In.\i\p\Besp. N. Amer.\b \IBuilding\i = \J\Xplasterboard\x.\j\Knew f. Incs, NSOED Oct 94\k
<hw>DS</hw> \Iabbr.\i\p\B1\b \IMus\i dal segno.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b \IMed\i disseminated sclerosis.
<hw>DSC</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IMil\i Distinguished Service Cross.
<hw>D.Sc.</hw> \Iabbr.\i \ISci\i Doctor of Science.
<hw>DSM</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IMil\i Distinguished Service Medal.
<hw>DSO</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IMil\i (in the UK) Distinguished Service Order.
<hw>DSS</hw> \Iabbr.\i (in the UK) Department of Social Security (formerly DHSS).
<hw>DTI</hw> \Iabbr.\i \ICommerce\i (in the UK) Department of Trade and Industry.
<hw>DTP</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IPrinting\i desktop publishing.\KDTP new in COD9 f. Wordfinder Sep 93\k
<hw>dual</hw> \K/"dju:\F'\nl/\k \Iadj., n., & v.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of two; twofold.\p\B2\b divided in two; double \3(dual ownership).\c\p\B3\b \IGram.\i (in some languages) denoting two persons or things (additional to singular and plural).\p\In.\i\p(also \Bdual number)\b \IGram.\i a dual form of a noun, verb, etc. \Iv.tr.\i \B(dualled,\b \Bdualling)\b \BBrit.\b \ITransport Engin\i convert (a road) into a dual carriageway. \Bduality\b \K/-"alIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bdualize\b \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise).\b \Bdually\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idualis\i from \Iduo\i 'two'\c
<hw>dual carriageway</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ITransport\i a road with a dividing strip between the traffic in opposite directions.
<hw>dual control</hw> \Iadj.\i \ITransport\i (of a vehicle or an aircraft) having two sets of controls, one of which is used by the instructor.
<hw>dualism</hw> \K/"dju:\F'\nlIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b being twofold; duality.\p\B2\b \IPhilos.\i the theory that in any domain of reality there are two independent underlying principles, e.g. mind and matter, form and content \I(cf.\i \J\Xidealism\x,\j \J\Xmaterialism\x,\j \J\Xmonism\x).\j\p\B3\b \ITheol.\i \Ba\b the theory that the forces of good and evil are equally balanced in the universe. \Bb\b the theory of the dual (human and divine) personality of Christ. \Bdualist\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdualistic\b \K/-"lIstIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Bdualistically\b \K/-"lIstIk(\F'\n)li/\k \Iadv.\i
<hw>dual-purpose</hw> \Iadj.\i \ITransport\i (of a vehicle) usable for passengers or goods.
<hw>dub (1)</hw> \K/dVb/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(dubbed,\b \Bdubbing)\b\p\B1\b make (a person) a knight by the ritual touching of the shoulder with a sword.\p\B2\b give (a person) a name, nickname, or title \3(dubbed him a crank).\c\p\B3\b \BBrit.\b \IFishing\i dress (an artificial fishing-fly).\p\B4\b \ILeather\i smear (leather) with grease. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English from Anglo-French \Iduber,\i \Iaduber,\i Old French \Iadober\i 'equip with armour, repair', of unknown origin\c
<hw>dub (2)</hw> \K/dVb/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(dubbed,\b \Bdubbing)\b \ICinematog Broadcasting\i\p\B1\b provide (a film etc.) with an alternative soundtrack, esp. in a different language.\p\B2\b add (sound effects or music) to a film or a broadcast.\p\B3\b combine (soundtracks) into one.\p\B4\b transfer or make a copy of (recorded sound or images). \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation of \J\Xdouble\x\j\c
<hw>dub (3)</hw> \K/dVb/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\Besp. US\b \Islang\i an inexperienced or unskilful person. \Iv.tr.\i \B(dubbed,\b \Bdubbing)\b \IGolf\i misplay (a shot).\Kv. new f. F. Abate Nov 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3perhaps from \J\Xdub\x (1)\j in sense 'beat flat'\c
<hw>dubbin</hw> \K/"dVbIn/\k \In. & v.\i \ILeather\i\p\In.\i\p(also \Bdubbing\b \K/"dVbIN/\k) prepared grease for softening and waterproofing leather. \Iv.tr.\i \B(dubbined,\b \Bdubbining)\b apply dubbin to (boots etc.). \BEtymology:\b \3see \J\Xdub\x (1) 4\j\c
<hw>dubbing</hw> \K/"dVbIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICinematog\i an alternative soundtrack to a film etc.
<hw>dubiety</hw> \K/dju:"bVIIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \Iliterary\i\p\B1\b a feeling of doubt.\p\B2\b a doubtful matter. \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Idubietas\i from \Idubium\i 'doubt'\c
<hw>dubious</hw> \K/"dju:bI\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b hesitating or doubting \3(dubious about going).\c\p\B2\b of questionable value or truth \3(a dubious claim).\c\p\B3\b unreliable; suspicious \3(dubious company).\c\p\B4\b of doubtful result \3(a dubious undertaking).\c \Bdubiously\b \Iadv.\i \Bdubiousness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idubiosus\i from \Idubium\i 'doubt'\c
<hw>dubitation</hw> \K/dju:bI"teIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Iliterary\i doubt, hesitation. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Idubitation\i or Latin \Idubitatio,\i from \Idubitare\i \J\Xdoubt\x\j\c
<hw>dubitative</hw> \K/"dju:bIt\F'\ntIv/\k \Iadj.\i \Iliterary\i of, expressing, or inclined to doubt or hesitation.\Kdubitatively omitted Oct 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3French \Idubitatif -ive\i or Late Latin \Idubitativus\i (as \J\Xdubitation\x)\j\c
<hw>Dublin Bay prawn</hw> \K/"dVblIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool\i \J\XNorway lobster\x.\j\p\B2\b \IFood\i \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i scampi. \BEtymology:\b \3\IDublin,\i a city in Ireland\c
<hw>Dubonnet</hw> \K/du:"bQneI/, /dju:-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IDrink\i \Ipropr.\i\p\B1\b a sweet French aperitif.\p\B2\b a glass of this. \BEtymology:\b \3name of a family of French wine-merchants\c
<hw>ducal</hw> \K/"dju:k(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i of, like, or bearing the title of a duke. \BEtymology:\b \3French, from \Iduc\i \J\Xduke\x\j\c
<hw>ducat</hw> \K/"dVk\F'\nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICurrency\i\p\B1\b \Ihist.\i a gold coin, formerly current in most European countries.\p\B2\b \Ba\b a coin. \Bb\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i money. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Italian \Iducato\i or medieval Latin \Iducatus\i \J\Xduchy\x\j\c
<hw>Duce</hw> \K/"du:tSeI/\k\p\In.\i\pa leader, esp. \B(Il Duce)\b the title assumed by Mussolini (d. 1945). \BEtymology:\b \3Italian, = leader\c
<hw>Duchenne muscular dystrophy</hw> \K/du:"SEn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a severe form of muscular dystrophy caused by a genetic defect and usually affecting boys.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Jan 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3named after G.B.A. \IDuchenne,\i French neurologist d. 1875\c
<hw>duchess</hw> \K/"dVtSIs/, /-Es/\k\p\In.\i\p(as a title usu. \BDuchess)\b\p\B1\b a duke's wife or widow.\p\B2\b a woman holding the rank of duke in her own right.\p\B3\b \BBrit.\b \Islang\i a girl or woman, esp. a man's wife or mother.\Ksense 3 new f. SOED Oct 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iduchesse\i from medieval Latin \Iducissa\i (as \J\Xduke\x)\j\c
<hw>duchesse</hw> \K/du:"SEs/, /"dVtSIs/, /-Es/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ITextiles\i a soft heavy kind of satin.\p\B2\b \IFurniture\i a dressing table with a pivoting mirror. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = \J\Xduchess\x\j\c
<hw>duchesse lace</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ITextiles\i a kind of Brussels pillow lace.
<hw>duchesse potatoes</hw> \In.pl.\i \ICookery\i mashed potatoes mixed with egg, formed into small shapes, and baked.
<hw>duchesse set</hw>\p\In.\i\pa cover or a set of covers for a dressing table.
<hw>duchy</hw> \K/"dVtSi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b the territory of a duke or duchess; a dukedom.\p\B2\b (often as \Bthe Duchy)\b the royal dukedom of Cornwall or Lancaster, each with certain estates, revenues, and jurisdiction of its own. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \IduchΘ(e)\i and medieval Latin \Iducatus\i from Latin \Idux ducis\i 'leader'\c
<hw>duck (1)</hw> \K/dVk/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i same or \Bducks)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b \IZool\i any waterbird of the family Anatidae, with a broad flat bill and large webbed feet, esp. the domesticated form of the mallard. \Bb\b \IZool\i the female of this \I(opp.\i \J\Xdrake\x).\j \Bc\b \IFood\i the flesh of a duck as food.\p\B2\b (in full \Bduck's-egg)\b \ICricket\i the score of a batsman dismissed for nought.\p\B3\b (also \Bducks)\b \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i (esp. as a form of address) dear, darling.\p\1like a duck to water\c adapting very readily.\p\1like water off a duck's back\c \Icolloq.\i (of remonstrances etc.) producing no effect.\p\1play ducks and drakes with\c \Icolloq.\i squander. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iduce,\i \Iduce:\i related to \J\Xduck\x (2)\j\c
<hw>duck (2)</hw> \K/dVk/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr. & tr.\i plunge, dive, or dip under water and emerge \3(ducked him in the pond).\c\p\B2\b \Iintr. & tr.\i bend (the head or the body) quickly to avoid a blow or being seen, or as a bow or curtsy; bob \3(ducked out of sight;\c \2ducked his head under the beam).\c\p\B3\b \Itr. & intr.\i \Icolloq.\i avoid or dodge; withdraw (from) \3(ducked out of the engagement;\c \2ducked the meeting).\c\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i \IBridge\i lose a trick deliberately by playing a low card.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a quick dip or swim.\p\B2\b a quick lowering of the head etc. \Bducker\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Germanic\c
<hw>duck (3)</hw> \K/dVk/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ITextiles\i a strong untwilled linen or cotton fabric used for small sails and the outer clothing of sailors.\p\B2\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \IClothing\i trousers made of this \3(white ducks).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle Dutch \Idoek,\i of unknown origin\c
<hw>duck (4)</hw> \K/dVk/\k\p\In.\i\p\INaut\i \Icolloq.\i an amphibious landing craft. \BEtymology:\b \3\IDUKW,\i its official designation\c
<hw>duckbill</hw> \K/"dVkbIl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a duck-billed platypus \I(see\i \J\Xplatypus\x).\j
<hw>duckboard</hw> \K/"dVkbO:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i a path of wooden slats placed over muddy ground or in a trench.
<hw>duck-hawk</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i\p\B1\b \Idial.\i a marsh harrier.\p\B2\b \BN. Amer.\b a peregrine.
<hw>ducking-stool</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Ihist.\i a chair fastened to the end of a pole, which could be plunged into a pond, used formerly for ducking scolds etc.
<hw>duckling</hw> \K/"dVklIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool\i a young duck.\p\B2\b \IFood\i its flesh as food.
<hw>ducks and drakes</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IGames\i a game of making a flat stone skim along the surface of water.
<hw>duck's arse</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Bduck's ass)\b \IHairdressing\i \Islang\i a haircut with the hair on the back of the head shaped like a duck's tail.
<hw>duck soup</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BUS\b \Islang\i an easy task.
<hw>duckweed</hw> \K/"dVkwi:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a tiny aquatic plant of the family Lemnaceae, esp. of the genus \ILemna,\i growing on the surface of still water.
<hw>duct</hw> \K/dVkt/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a channel or tube for conveying fluid, cable, etc.\p\B2\b \IAnat\i \Ba\b \IZool\i a tube in the body conveying lymph or glandular secretions such as tears, bile, etc. \Bb\b \IBot.\i a tube formed by cells that have lost their intervening end walls, holding air, water, etc. \Iv.tr.\i convey through a duct. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iductus\i 'leading, aqueduct' from \Iducere duct-\i 'lead'\c
<hw>ductile</hw> \K/"dVktVIl/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IMetallurgy\i (of a metal) capable of being drawn into wire; pliable, not brittle.\p\B2\b (of a substance) easily moulded.\p\B3\b (of a person) docile, gullible. \Bductility\b \K/-"tIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iductile\i or Latin \Iductilis,\i from \Iducere duct-\i 'lead'\c
<hw>ducting</hw> \K/"dVktIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a system of ducts.\p\B2\b material in the form of a duct or ducts.
<hw>ductless</hw> \K/"dVktlIs/\k \Iadj.\i lacking or not using a duct or ducts.
<hw>ductless gland</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAnat\i a gland secreting directly into the bloodstream; an endocrine gland.
<hw>dud</hw> \K/dVd/\k \In. & adj.\i \Islang\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a futile or ineffectual person or thing \3(a dud at the job).\c\p\B2\b a counterfeit article.\p\B3\b \IBallistics\i a shell etc. that fails to explode.\p\B4\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i clothes. \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b useless, worthless, unsatisfactory or futile.\p\B2\b counterfeit. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English: origin unknown\c
<hw>dude</hw> \K/du:d/, /dju:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\Islang\i\p\B1\b a fastidious aesthetic person, usu. male; a dandy.\p\B2\b a holidaymaker on a ranch in the western US.\p\B3\b a fellow; a guy. \Bdudish\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \319th c.: probably from German dialect \Idude\i 'fool'\c
<hw>dude ranch</hw>\p\In.\i\p(in the western US) a cattle ranch converted to a holiday centre for tourists etc.
<hw>dudgeon</hw> \K/"dVdZ(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\pa feeling of offence; resentment.\p\1in high dudgeon\c very angry or angrily. \BEtymology:\b \316th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>due</hw> \K/dju:/\k \Iadj., n., & adv.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \I\B(predic.)\b\i owing or payable as a debt or an obligation \3(our thanks are due to him;\c \2ú500 was due on the 15th).\c\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i merited; appropriate; fitting \3(his due reward;\c \2received the applause due to a hero).\c\p\B3\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i rightful; proper; adequate \3(after due consideration).\c\p\B4\b \I\B(predic.;\b\i \Ifoll. by \Bto)\b\i to be ascribed to (a cause, an agent, etc.) \3(the discovery was due to Newton).\c\p\B5\b \I\B(predic.)\b\i intended to arrive at a certain time \3(a train is due at 7.30).\c\p\B6\b \I(foll. by \Bto\b + infin.)\i under an obligation or agreement to do something \3(due to speak tonight).\c\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person's right; what is owed to a person \3(a fair hearing is my due).\c\p\B2\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \Ba\b what one owes \3(pays his dues).\c \Bb\b \BBrit.\b an obligatory payment; a fee; a legal charge \3(harbour dues;\c \2university dues).\c \Iadv.\i (of a point of the compass) exactly, directly \3(went due east;\c \2a due north wind).\c\p\1due to\c \Idisp.\i because of, owing to \3(he was late due to an accident)\c \I(cf.\i sense 4 of \Iadj.).\i\p\1fall (or become) due\c (of a bill etc.) be immediately payable.\p\1in due course\c\p\B1\b at about the appropriate time.\p\B2\b in the natural order. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ideⁿ,\i ultimately from Latin \Idebitus,\i past part. of \Idebere\i 'owe'\c The use of \Idue to\i to mean 'because of' as in the example \IHe was late due to an accident\i is regarded as unacceptable by some people. It can be avoided by substituting \IHis lateness was due to an accident,\i \IIt was due to an accident that he was late,\i or \IHe was late owing to/because of an accident.\i
<hw>due date</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IFinance\i the date on which payment of a bill etc., falls due.\Knew f. OERD, NSOED Jun 94\k
<hw>duel</hw> \K/"dju:\F'\nl/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ihist.\i a contest with deadly weapons between two people, in the presence of two seconds, to settle a point of honour.\p\B2\b any contest between two people, parties, causes, animals, etc. \3(a duel of wits).\c \Iv.intr.\i \B(duelled,\b \Bduelling;\b \BUS\b \Bdueled,\b \Bdueling)\b fight a duel or duels. \Bdueller\b\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Bdueler).\b \Bduellist\b\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Bduelist).\b \BEtymology:\b \3Italian \Iduello\i or Latin \Iduellum\i (archaic form of \Ibellum\i 'war'), in medieval Latin = single combat\c
<hw>duende</hw> \K/du:"EndeI/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an evil spirit.\p\B2\b inspiration. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish\c
<hw>duenna</hw> \K/dju:"En\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pan older woman acting as a governess and companion in charge of girls, esp. in a Spanish family; a chaperone. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish \Idue±a\i from Latin \Idomina\i 'mistress'\c
<hw>duet</hw> \K/dju:"Et/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMus.\i \Ba\b a performance by two voices, instrumentalists, etc. \Bb\b a composition for two performers.\p\B2\b a dialogue. \Iv.intr.\i \B(duetted,\b \Bduetting)\b perform a duet.\Kverb new f. SOED, corpus Oct 93\k \Bduettist\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3German \IDuett\i or Italian \Iduetto,\i diminutive of \Iduo\i 'duet', from Latin \Iduo\i 'two'\c
<hw>duff (1)</hw> \K/dVf/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i a boiled pudding. \BEtymology:\b \3northern English form of \J\Xdough\x\j\c
<hw>duff (3)</hw> \K/dVf/\k \Iv.tr.\i \Islang\i\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b \IGolf\i mishit (a shot, a ball); bungle.\p\B2\b \BAustral.\b \ICriminol\i steal and alter brands on (cattle).\p\Bduff up\b \BBrit.\b \Islang\i beat; thrash. \BEtymology:\b \3perhaps back-formation from \J\Xduffer\x\j\c
<hw>duffel</hw> \K/"dVf(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bduffle)\b\p\B1\b \ITextiles\i a coarse woollen cloth with a thick nap.\p\B2\b \BUS\b a sportsman's or camper's equipment. \BEtymology:\b \3\IDuffel,\i a town in Belgium\c
<hw>duffel bag</hw>\p\In.\i\pa cylindrical canvas bag closed by a drawstring and carried over the shoulder.
<hw>duffel coat</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IClothing\i a hooded overcoat made of duffel and usu. fastened with toggles.
<hw>duffer</hw> \K/"dVf\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Islang\i\p\B1\b an inefficient, useless, or stupid person.\p\B2\b \BAustral.\b \ICriminol\i a person who duffs cattle.\p\B3\b \BAustral.\b \IMining\i an unproductive mine. \BEtymology:\b \3perhaps from Scots \Idowfart\i 'stupid person' from \Idouf\i 'spiritless'\c
<hw>dug (1)</hw> \I\Ipast\i and \Ipast part.\i of\i \J\Xdig\x.\j
<hw>dug (2)</hw> \K/dVg/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool\i the udder, breast, teat, or nipple of a female animal.\p\B2\b \Iderog.\i the breast of a woman. \BEtymology:\b \316th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>dugong</hw> \K/"du:gQN/, /"dju:-/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i same or \Bdugongs)\b \IZool\i a marine mammal (sirenian), Dugong dugon, of Asian seas and coasts. \BEtymology:\b \3ultimately from Malay \Iduyong\i\c
<hw>dugout</hw> \K/"dVgaUt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMil\i \Ba\b a roofed shelter esp. for troops in trenches. \Bb\b an underground air-raid or nuclear shelter. \Bc\b \BN. Amer.\b \ISport\i = \J\Xbench\x\p\In.\i\p4.\j\Ksense 1c new f. News Oct 93\k\p\B2\b \INaut\i a canoe made from a hollowed tree trunk.\p\B3\b \BBrit.\b \IMil\i \Islang\i a retired officer etc. recalled to service.
<hw>duiker</hw> \K/"dVIk\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b (also \Bduyker)\b \IZool\i any African antelope of the genus \ICephalophus,\i usu. having a crest of long hair between its horns.\p\B2\b \IZool\i \BS.Afr.\b the long-tailed cormorant, Phalacrocorax africanus. \BEtymology:\b \3Dutch \Iduiker\i 'diver': in sense 1, from its habit of plunging through bushes when pursued\c
<hw>duke</hw> \K/dju:k/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b (as a title usu. \BDuke)\b \Ba\b a person holding the highest hereditary title of the nobility. \Bb\b a sovereign prince ruling a duchy or small state.\p\B2\b \I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i \Islang\i the hand; the fist \3(put up your dukes!).\c\p\B3\b (in full \Bduke cherry)\b \IBot.\i a hybrid between the sweet cherry, Prunus avium, and the sour cherry, P. cerasus. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iduc\i from Latin \Idux ducis\i 'leader'\c
<hw>dukedom</hw> \K/"dju:kd\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a territory ruled by a duke.\p\B2\b the rank of duke.
<hw>dulcet</hw> \K/"dVlsIt/\k \Iadj.\i (esp. of sound) sweet and soothing. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, earlier \Idoucet\i from the Old French diminutive of \Idoux,\i from Latin \Idulcis\i 'sweet'\c
<hw>dulcify</hw> \K/"dVlsIfVI/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(-ies,\b \B-ied)\b \Iliterary\i\p\B1\b make gentle.\p\B2\b sweeten. \Bdulcification\b \K/-fI"keIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idulcificare\i from \Idulcis\i 'sweet'\c
<hw>dulcimer</hw> \K/"dVlsIm\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMus\i a musical instrument with strings of graduated length stretched over a sounding board or box, played by being struck with hammers. \BEtymology:\b \3Old French \Idoulcemer,\i said to represent Latin \Idulce\i 'sweet', \Imelos\i 'song'\c
<hw>dulcitone</hw> \K/"dVlsIt\F'\nUn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMus.\i a keyboard musical instrument with steel tuning forks which are struck by hammers. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idulcis\i 'sweet' + \J\Xtone\x\j\c
<hw>dulia</hw> \K/djU"lVI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRC Ch.\i the reverence accorded to saints and angels. \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin from Greek \Idouleia\i 'servitude', from \Idoulos\i 'slave'\c
<hw>dull</hw> \K/dVl/\k \Iadj. & v.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b slow to understand; stupid.\p\B2\b tedious; boring.\p\B3\b \IMeteorol\i (of the weather) overcast; gloomy.\p\B4\b \Ba\b (esp. of a knife-edge etc.) blunt. \Bb\b (of colour, light, sound, or taste) not bright, shining, vivid, or keen.\p\B5\b (of a pain etc.) usu. prolonged and indistinct; not acute \3(a dull ache).\c\p\B6\b \Ba\b sluggish, slow-moving \3(dull trading).\c \Bb\b (of a person) listless; lacking vitality \3(dull and apathetic).\c\p\B7\b (of the ears, eyes, etc.) without keen perception. \Iv.tr. & intr.\i make or become dull.\p\1dull the edge of\c make less sensitive, interesting, effective, amusing, etc.; blunt. \Bdullish\b \Iadj.\i \Bdullness\b\p\In.\i\p(also \Bdulness).\b \Bdully\b \K/"dVlli/\k \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Middle Low German, Middle Dutch \Idul,\i corresponding to Old English \Idol\i 'stupid'\c
<hw>dulse</hw> \K/dVls/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot Food\i an edible seaweed, Rhodymenia palmata, with red wedge-shaped fronds. \BEtymology:\b \3Irish & Gaelic \Iduileasg\i\c
<hw>duly</hw> \K/"dju:li/\k \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b in due time or manner.\p\B2\b rightly, properly, fitly.
<hw>Duma</hw> \K/"du:m\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i\p\B1\b a legislative body in the ruling assembly of Russia and of some other republics of the former USSR.\p\B2\b \Ihist.\i \Ba\b any of four elected legislative bodies existing in Russia between 1906 and 1917. \Bb\b any similar pre-19th c. advisory municipal council in Russia. \BEtymology:\b \3Russian\c
<hw>dumb</hw> \K/dVm/\k \Iadj. & v.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \IMed\i (of a person) unable to speak, usu. because of a congenital defect or deafness. \Bb\b (of an animal) naturally unable to speak \3(our dumb friends).\c\p\B2\b silenced by surprise, shyness, etc. \3(struck dumb by this revelation).\c\p\B3\b taciturn or reticent, esp. insultingly \3(dumb insolence).\c\p\B4\b (of an action etc.) performed without speech.\p\B5\b \I(often in \Bcomb.)\b\i giving no sound; without voice or some other property normally belonging to things of the name \3(a dumb piano).\c\p\B6\b \Besp. US\b \Icolloq.\i stupid; ignorant.\p\B7\b (usu. of a class, population, etc.) having no voice in government; inarticulate \3(the dumb masses).\c\p\B8\b \IComputing\i (of a computer terminal etc.) able only to transmit data to or receive data from a computer; not programmable \I(opp.\i \J\Xintelligent\x).\j \Iv.tr.\i make dumb or unheard; silence.\Kverb new f. NSOED Oct 94\k\p\1dumb down\c \BN. Amer.\b \Islang\i reduce or adapt to a lower level of understanding.\Kdumb down new f. Incs Oct 94\k \Bdumbly\b \K/"dVmli/\k \Iadv.\i \Bdumbness\b \K/"dVmnIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English: origin unknown: sense 6 from German \Idumm\i\c
<hw>dumb animals</hw> \In.pl.\i animals, esp. as objects of pity.
<hw>dumb-bell</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ISport\i a short bar with a weight at each end, used for exercise, muscle-building, etc.\p\B2\b \Islang\i a stupid person, esp. \BBrit.\b a woman. \BEtymology:\b \3from an 18th-c. apparatus like that for ringing a church bell, but without the bell, used for exercise\c
<hw>dumb blonde</hw>\p\In.\i\pa pretty but stupid blonde woman.
<hw>dumb cluck</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Islang\i a stupid person.
<hw>dumbhead</hw> \K/"dVmhEd/\k\p\In.\i\p\Besp. US\b \Islang\i a stupid person.
<hw>dumb-iron</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMech\i the curved side piece of a motor vehicle chassis, joining it to the front springs.
<hw>dumbo</hw> \K/"dVmb\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b \Islang\i a stupid person; a fool. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xdumb\x\j + \J\X-o\x\j\c
<hw>dumb piano</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMus.\i a silent or dummy piano keyboard for exercising the fingers.
<hw>dumbshow</hw> \K/"dVmS\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b significant gestures or mime, used when words are inappropriate.\p\B2\b \ITheatr\i a part of a play in early drama, acted in mime.
<hw>dumbstruck</hw> \K/"dVmstrVk/\k \Iadj.\i greatly shocked or surprised and so lost for words.
<hw>dumb waiter</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a small lift for carrying food, plates, etc., between floors.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b a movable table, esp. with revolving shelves, used in a dining room.
<hw>dumdum</hw> \K/"dVmdVm/\k\p\In.\i\p(in full \Bdumdum bullet)\b \IBallistics\i a kind of soft-nosed bullet that expands on impact and inflicts laceration. \BEtymology:\b \3\IDum-Dum,\i a town and arsenal in India, where it was first produced\c
<hw>dumfound</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xdumbfound\x.\j
<hw>dummy</hw> \K/"dVmi/\k \In., adj., & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b a model of a human being, esp.: \Ba\b \ITheatr\i a ventriloquist's doll. \Bb\b a figure used to model clothes in a shop window etc. \Bc\b a target used for firearms practice.\p\B2\b \I(often \Battrib.)\b\i \Ba\b a counterfeit object used to replace or resemble a real or normal one. \Bb\b \IPublishing etc.\i a prototype, esp. in publishing.\p\B3\b \IRugby\i & \IFootball\i a pretended pass.\Ksense 3 new f. incomings, corpus Jun 94\k\p\B4\b \Icolloq.\i a stupid person.\p\B5\b a person taking no significant part; a figurehead.\p\B6\b \BBrit.\b a rubber or plastic teat for a baby to suck on.\p\B7\b \ICards\i an imaginary fourth player at whist, whose hand is turned up and played by a partner.\p\B8\b \IBridge\i \Ba\b the partner of the declarer, whose cards are exposed after the first lead. \Bb\b this player's hand.\p\B9\b \IMil.\i a blank round of ammunition.\Ksense dumb person omitted Jun 94\k \Iadj.\i sham; counterfeit. \Iv.tr.\i \B(-ies,\b \B-ied)\b \I(usu. \Babsol.)\b\i \IRugby\i & \IFootball\i pretend to pass (the ball).\p\Bdummy up\b \BUS\b \Islang\i keep quiet; give no information.\p\1sell the (or a) dummy\c \IRugby\i \Icolloq.\i deceive (an opponent) by pretending to pass the ball. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xdumb\x\j + \J\X-y\x (2)\j\c
<hw>dummy run</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a practice attack, etc.; a trial run.\p\B2\b a rehearsal.
<hw>dump</hw> \K/dVmp/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a place for depositing rubbish. \Bb\b a heap of rubbish.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i an unpleasant or dreary place.\p\B3\b \IMil.\i a temporary store of ammunition, provisions, etc.\p\B4\b an accumulated pile of ore, earth, etc.\p\B5\b \IComputing\i \Ba\b a printout of stored data. \Bb\b the process or result of dumping data. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b put down firmly or clumsily \3(dumped the shopping on the table).\c\p\B2\b deposit or dispose of (rubbish etc.).\p\B3\b \Icolloq.\i abandon, desert.\p\B4\b \IMil.\i leave (ammunition etc.) in a dump.\p\B5\b \IEcon.\i send (goods unsaleable at a high price in the home market) to a foreign market for sale at a low price, to keep up the price at home, and to capture a new market.\p\B6\b \IComputing\i \Ba\b copy (stored data) to a different location. \Bb\b reproduce the contents of (a store) externally.\p\Bdump on\b \Besp. US\b criticize or abuse; get the better of. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English perhaps from Norse; cf. Danish \Idumpe,\i Norwegian \Idumpa\i 'fall suddenly'\c
<hw>dumper</hw> \K/"dVmp\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a person or thing that dumps. \Bb\b (in full \Bdumper truck)\b \ITransport Building\i a truck with a body that tilts or opens at the back for unloading.\p\B2\b \BAustral.\b & \BNZ\b \ISwimming\i a large wave that breaks and hurls the swimmer or surfer on to the beach.
<hw>dumpling</hw> \K/"dVmplIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ICookery\i \Ba\b a small savoury ball of usu. suet, flour, and water, boiled in stew or water. \Bb\b a pudding consisting of apple or other fruit enclosed in dough and baked.\p\B2\b a small fat person. \BEtymology:\b \3apparently diminutive of \Idump\i 'small round object', but recorded much earlier\c
<hw>dumps</hw> \K/dVm(p)s/\k \In.pl.\i \Icolloq.\i depression; melancholy \3(down in the dumps).\c \BEtymology:\b \3probably from Low German or Dutch, figurative use of Middle Dutch \Idomp\i 'exhalation, haze, mist': related to \J\Xdamp\x\j\c
<hw>dumpy</hw> \K/"dVmpi/\k \Iadj.\i \B(dumpier,\b \Bdumpiest)\b short and stout. \Bdumpily\b \Iadv.\i \Bdumpiness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3\Idump\i (cf. \J\Xdumpling\x)\j + \J\X-y\x (1)\j\c
<hw>dun (1)</hw> \K/dVn/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of a dull greyish-brown colour.\p\B2\b \Ipoet.\i dark, dusky.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a dun colour.\p\B2\b \IZool\i a dun horse.\p\B3\b \IFishing\i a dark fishing-fly. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Idun,\i \Idunn\i\c
<hw>dun (2)</hw> \K/dVn/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a debt collector; an importunate creditor.\p\B2\b a demand for payment. \Iv.tr.\i \B(dunned,\b \Bdunning)\b importune for payment of a debt; pester. \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation of obsolete \Idunkirk\i privateer, from \IDunkirk,\i a sea port in France\c
<hw>dun-bird</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a pochard.
<hw>dunce</hw> \K/dVns/\k\p\In.\i\pa person slow at learning; a dullard. \BEtymology:\b \3John \IDuns\i Scotus, scholastic theologian d. 1308, whose followers were ridiculed by 16th-c. humanists and reformers as enemies of learning\c
<hw>dunce's cap</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IEducation\i a paper cone formerly put on the head of a dunce at school as a mark of disgrace.
<hw>Dundee cake</hw> \K/dVn"di:/\k\p\In.\i\p\Besp. Brit.\b \ICookery\i a rich fruit cake usu. decorated with almonds. \BEtymology:\b \3\IDundee,\i a city in Scotland\c
<hw>dunderhead</hw> \K/"dVnd\F'\nhEd/\k\p\In.\i\pa stupid person. \Bdunderheaded\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \317th c.: perhaps related to dialect \Idunner\i 'resounding noise'\c
<hw>dun-diver</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a female or young male goosander.
<hw>dune</hw> \K/dju:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeol\i a mound or ridge of loose sand etc. formed by the wind, esp. beside the sea or in a desert. \BEtymology:\b \3French from Middle Dutch \Idune:\i cf. \J\Xdown\x (3)\j\c
<hw>dung</hw> \K/dVN/\k \In. & v.\i \IAgriculture\i\p\In.\i\pthe excrement of animals; manure. \Iv.tr.\i apply dung to; manure (land). \BEtymology:\b \3Old English, related to Old High German \Itunga,\i Icelandic \Idyngja,\i of unknown origin\c
<hw>dungaree</hw> \K/dVNg\F'\n"ri:/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ITextiles\i a coarse Indian calico.\p\B2\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \IClothing\i \Ba\b overalls etc. made of dungaree or similar material, worn as workwear. \Bb\b \BBrit.\b trousers with a bib worn by children or as a fashion garment. \BEtymology:\b \3Hindi \Idungri\i\c
<hw>dung-beetle</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a beetle whose larvae develop in dung, esp. one of the family Scarabaeidae.
<hw>dungeon</hw> \K/"dVn(d)Z(\F'\n)n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a strong underground cell for prisoners.\p\B2\b \IFortification\i \Iarchaic\i a donjon. \Iv.tr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bup)\b\i \Iarchaic\i imprison in a dungeon. \BEtymology:\b \3originally = \Idonjon:\i Middle English from Old French \Idonjon,\i ultimately from Latin \Idominus\i 'lord'\c
<hw>dung-fly</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a fly which lays its eggs in dung, esp. one of the family Scatophagidae.
<hw>dunghill</hw> \K/"dVNhIl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAgriculture\i a heap of dung or refuse, esp. in a farmyard.
<hw>dung-worm</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i any of various earthworms found in cow-dung and used as bait.
<hw>dunk</hw> \K/dVNk/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \IFood\i dip (bread, a biscuit, etc.) into soup, coffee, etc. while eating.\p\B2\b immerse, dip \3(was dunked in the river).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Pennsylvanian German \Idunke\i 'to dip', from German \Itunken\i\c
<hw>dunlin</hw> \K/"dVnlIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a long-billed sandpiper, Calidris alpina. \BEtymology:\b \3probably from \J\Xdun\x (1)\j + \J\X-ling\x (1)\j\c
<hw>dunnage</hw> \K/"dVnIdZ/\k\p\In.\i\p\INaut.\i\p\B1\b mats, brushwood, etc., stowed under or among cargo to prevent wetting or chafing.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i miscellaneous baggage. \BEtymology:\b \3Anglo-Latin \Idennagium,\i of unknown origin\c
<hw>dunno</hw> \K/"dVn\F'\nU/, /d\F'\n"n\F'\nU/\k \Icolloq.\i (I) do not know. \BEtymology:\b \3corruption\c
<hw>dunnock</hw> \K/"dVn\F'\nk/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a small European songbird, Prunella modularis. \IAlso called\i \Ihedge sparrow.\i \BEtymology:\b \3apparently from \J\Xdun\x (1)\j + \J\X-ock\x,\j from its brown and grey plumage\c
<hw>dunny</hw> \K/"dVni/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \BSc.\b an underground passage or cellar, esp. in a tenement.\p\B2\b \Besp. Austral.\b & \BNZ\b \Islang\i an earth closet; an outdoor privy. \BEtymology:\b \319th c. in the sense 'faeces': origin uncertain, perhaps related to \J\Xdung\x\j\c
<hw>duo</hw> \K/"dju:\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b\p\B1\b a pair of actors, entertainers, singers, etc. \3(a comedy duo).\c\p\B2\b \IMus.\i a duet. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian from Latin, = two\c
<hw>duodecimal</hw> \K/dju:\F'\n(U)"dEsIm(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i \ISci\i relating to or using a system of numerical notation that has twelve as a base.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the duodecimal system.\p\B2\b duodecimal notation. \Bduodecimally\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iduodecimus\i 'twelfth' from \Iduodecim\i 'twelve'\c
<hw>duodecimo</hw> \K/dju:\F'\nU"dEsIm\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b \IPrinting\i\p\B1\b a size of book in which each leaf is one-twelfth of the size of the printing-sheet.\p\B2\b a book of this size. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \I(in)\i \Iduodecimo\i 'in a twelfth' (as \J\Xduodecimal\x)\j\c
<hw>duodenary</hw> \K/dju:\F'\n"di:n\F'\nri/\k \Iadj.\i proceeding by twelves or in sets of twelve. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iduodenarius\i from \Iduodeni,\i distributive of \Iduodecim\i 'twelve'\c
<hw>duodenum</hw> \K/dju:\F'\n"di:n\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnat.\i the first part of the small intestine immediately beyond the stomach. \Bduodenal\b \Iadj.\i \Bduodenitis\b \K/-"nVItIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from medieval Latin, from \Iduodeni\i (see \J\Xduodenary\x),\j from its length of about 12 fingers' breadth\c
<hw>duologue</hw> \K/"djU\F'\nlQg/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a conversation between two people.\p\B2\b \ITheatr\i a play or part of a play for two actors. \BEtymology:\b \3formed irregularly from Latin or Greek \Iduo\i 'two', on the pattern of \Imonologue\i\c
<hw>duomo</hw> \K/"dw\F'\nUm\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b \IRelig\i an Italian cathedral. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian, = \J\Xdome\x\j\c
<hw>duopoly</hw> \K/djU"Qp\F'\nli/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IEcon.\i the possession of trade in a commodity etc. by only two sellers. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iduo\i 'two' + \Ipoleo\i 'sell', on the pattern of \Imonopoly\i\c
<hw>duotone</hw> \K/"dju:\F'\nt\F'\nUn/\k \In. & adj.\i \IPrinting\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a half-tone illustration in two colours from the same original with different screen angles.\p\B2\b the process of making a duotone. \Iadj.\i in two colours. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iduo\i 'two' + \J\Xtone\x\j\c
<hw>dupe</hw> \K/dju:p/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\pa victim of deception. \Iv.tr.\i make a fool of; cheat; gull. \Bdupable\b \Iadj.\i \Bduper\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdupery\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French from dialect French \Idupe\i 'hoopoe', from the bird's supposedly stupid appearance\c
<hw>dupion</hw> \K/"dju:pI\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITextiles\i\p\B1\b a rough silk fabric woven from the threads of double cocoons.\p\B2\b an imitation of this with other fibres. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Idoupion\i from Italian \Idoppione,\i from \Idoppio\i 'double'\c
<hw>duple</hw> \K/"dju:p(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i of two parts. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iduplus\i from \Iduo\i 'two'\c
<hw>duple ratio</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMath.\i a ratio of 2 to 1.
<hw>duplet</hw> \K/"dju:plIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMus\i a set of two things, esp. of two equal musical notes played in the time of three.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Jan 94; no evidence for Coll. electron sense (usu. electron pair?). Not in NSOED\k \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iduplus\i \J\Xduple\x,\j on the pattern of \J\Xdoublet\x\j\c
<hw>duple time</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMus.\i rhythm consisting of two beats to the bar.
<hw>duplex</hw> \K/"dju:plEks/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\Besp. N. Amer.\b\p\B1\b \IBuilding\i a flat or maisonette on two levels.\p\B2\b a house subdivided for two families. \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b having two elements; twofold.\p\B2\b \Besp. US\b \Ba\b (of a flat) two-storeyed. \Bb\b (of a house) for two families.\p\B3\b \IComputing\i (of a communications system, computer circuit, etc.) allowing the transmission of signals in both directions simultaneously \I(opp.\i \J\Xsimplex\x).\j \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iduplex duplicis,\i from \Iduo\i 'two' + \Iplic-\i 'fold'\c
<hw>duplicate</hw> \Iadj., n., & v.\i \Iadj.\i \K/"dju:plIk\F'\nt/\k\p\B1\b exactly like something already existing; copied (esp. in large numbers).\p\B2\b \Ba\b having two corresponding parts. \Bb\b existing in two examples; paired. \Bc\b twice as large or many; doubled.\p\In.\i\p\K/"dju:plIk\F'\nt/\k\p\B1\b \Ba\b one of two identical things, esp. a copy of an original. \Bb\b one of two or more specimens of a thing exactly or almost identical.\p\B2\b \ILaw\i a second copy of a letter or document.\p\B3\b (in full \Bduplicate bridge or whist)\b \IBridge Cards\i a form of bridge or whist in which the same hands are played successively by different players.\p\B4\b \Iarchaic\i a pawnbroker's ticket. \Iv.tr.\i \K/"dju:plIkeIt/\k\p\B1\b multiply by two; double.\p\B2\b \Ba\b make or be an exact copy of. \Bb\b make or supply copies of \3(duplicated the leaflet for distribution).\c\p\B3\b repeat (an action etc.), esp. unnecessarily.\p\1in duplicate\c consisting of two exact copies. \Bduplicable\b \K/-k\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Bduplication\b \K/-"keIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iduplicatus,\i past part. of \Iduplicare\i (as \J\Xduplex\x)\j\c
<hw>duplicate ratio</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMath.\i the proportion of the squares of two numbers.
<hw>duplicator</hw> \K/"dju:plIkeIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPrinting\i a machine for making copies of a document, leaflet, etc.\p\B2\b a person or thing that duplicates.
<hw>duplicity</hw> \K/dju:"plIsIti/, /djU-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b double-dealing; deceitfulness.\p\B2\b \Iarchaic\i doubleness. \Bduplicitous\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \IduplicitΘ\i or Late Latin \Iduplicitas\i (as \J\Xduplex\x)\j\c
<hw>duppy</hw> \K/"dVpi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \BW.Ind.\b a malevolent spirit or ghost. \BEtymology:\b \3perhaps of African origin\c
<hw>dura</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xdurra\x.\j
<hw>durable</hw> \K/"djU\F'\nr\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b capable of lasting; hard-wearing.\p\B2\b (of goods) not for immediate consumption; able to be kept.\p\In.\i\p\I(in \Bpl.)\b\i durable goods. \Bdurability\b \K/-"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bdurableness\b\p\In.\i\p\Bdurably\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Idurabilis,\i via \Idurare\i 'endure' from \Idurus\i 'hard'\c
<hw>Duralumin</hw> \K/djU"raljUmIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMetallurgy\i \Ipropr.\i a light hard alloy of aluminium with copper etc. \BEtymology:\b \3perhaps from \IDⁿren,\i a town in the Rhineland or from Latin \Idurus\i 'hard' + \J\Xaluminium\x\j\c
<hw>dura mater</hw> \K/djU\F'\nr\F'\n "meIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnat.\i the tough outermost membrane enveloping the brain and spinal cord (see \J\Xmeninx\x).\j \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin = hard mother, translation of Arabic \Ial-'umm al-jafiya\i ('mother' in Arabic indicating the relationship of things)\c
<hw>duramen</hw> \K/djU"reImEn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnat Bot\i = \J\Xheartwood\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3Latin from \Idurare\i 'harden'\c
<hw>durance</hw> \K/"djU\F'\nr(\F'\n)ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\Iarchaic\i imprisonment \3(in durance vile).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via French, from \Idurer\i 'last', from Latin \Idurare:\i see \J\Xdurable\x\j\c
<hw>duration</hw> \K/djU"reIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the length of time for which something continues.\p\B2\b a specified length of time \3(after the duration of a minute).\c\p\1for the duration\c\p\B1\b for a very long time.\p\B2\b until the end of the war. \Bdurational\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from medieval Latin \Iduratio -onis\i (as \J\Xdurance\x)\j\c
<hw>durbar</hw> \K/"d\F'\n:bA:/\k\p\In.\i\p\Ihist.\i\p\B1\b the court of an Indian ruler.\p\B2\b a public levee of an Indian prince or an Anglo-Indian governor or viceroy. \BEtymology:\b \3Urdu from Persian \Idarbar\i 'court'\c
\B\Idurchkomponiert\b\i \K/"dU\F'\nx%kQmpQnI\F'\nt/, German /"dUrCkOmponi:rt/\k \Iadj.\i \IMus.\i (of a song) having different music for each verse. \BEtymology:\b \3German, from \Idurch\i 'through' + \Ikomponiert\i 'composed'\c
<hw>duress</hw> \K/djU(\F'\n)"rEs/, /"djU\F'\nrEs/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b compulsion, esp. imprisonment, threats, or violence, illegally used to force a person to act against his or her will \3(under duress).\c\p\B2\b forcible restraint or imprisonment. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iduresse\i from Latin \Iduritia,\i from \Idurus\i 'hard'\c
<hw>Durex</hw> \K/"djU\F'\nrEks/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IMed\i \Ipropr.\i a contraceptive sheath; a condom. \BEtymology:\b \320th c.: invented word\c
<hw>durian</hw> \K/"dU\F'\nrI\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b a large tree, Durio zibethinus, native to SE Asia, bearing oval spiny fruits containing a creamy pulp with a fetid smell and an agreeable taste.\p\B2\b this fruit. \BEtymology:\b \3Malay \Idurian\i from \Iduri\i 'thorn'\c
<hw>duricrust</hw> \K/"djU\F'\nrIkrVst/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeol.\i a hard mineral crust formed near the surface of soil in semi-arid regions by evaporation of groundwater.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Jan 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Idurus\i 'hard' + \J\Xcrust\x\j\c
<hw>during</hw> \K/"djU\F'\nrIN/\k \Iprep.\i\p\B1\b throughout the course or duration of \3(read during the meal).\c\p\B2\b at some point in the duration of \3(came in during the evening).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Idurant,\i ultimately from Latin \Idurare\i 'last, continue'\c
<hw>durmast</hw> \K/"d\F'\n:mA:st/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i an oak tree, Quercus petraea, having sessile acorns, and growing esp. on acid soils. \BEtymology:\b \3\Idur\i- (perhaps erroneous for \J\Xdun\x (1))\j + \J\Xmast\x (2)\j\c
<hw>durra</hw> \K/"dUr\F'\n/, /"dU\F'\nr\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bdura,\b \Bdhurra)\b \IBot\i a variety of the sorghum Sorghum bicolor, native to Asia, Africa, and the US. \BEtymology:\b \3Arabic \Idura,\i \Idurra\i\c
<hw>durst</hw> \Iarchaic\i or \Idial.\i \I\Ipast\i of\i \J\Xdare\x.\j
<hw>durum</hw> \K/"djU\F'\nr\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a kind of wheat, Triticum durum, having hard seeds and yielding a flour used in the manufacture of spaghetti etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, neut. of \Idurus\i 'hard'\c
<hw>durzi</hw> \K/"d\F'\n:zi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bdurzis)\b \ICommerce\i an Indian tailor. \BEtymology:\b \3Urdu from Persian \Idarzi,\i from \Idarz\i 'sewing'\c
<hw>dusk</hw> \K/dVsk/\k \In., adj., & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the darker stage of twilight.\p\B2\b shade; gloom. \Iadj.\i \Ipoet.\i shadowy; dim; dark-coloured. \Iv.tr. & intr.\i \Ipoet.\i make or become shadowy or dim. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Idox\i 'dark, swarthy', \Idoxian\i 'darken in colour'\c
<hw>dust</hw> \K/dVst/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b finely powdered earth, dirt, etc., lying on the ground or on surfaces, and blown about by the wind. \Bb\b fine powder of any material \3(pollen dust;\c \2gold dust).\c \Bc\b a cloud of dust.\p\B2\b a dead person's remains \3(honoured dust).\c\p\B3\b confusion or turmoil \3(raised quite a dust).\c\p\B4\b \Iarchaic\i or \Ipoet.\i the mortal human body \3(we are all dust).\c\p\B5\b the ground; the earth \3(kissed the dust).\c\p\B6\b an act of dusting \3(give the table a dust).\c\Ksense 6 new f. News Oct 93\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \I(also \Babsol.)\b\i clear (furniture etc.) of dust etc. by wiping, brushing, etc.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b sprinkle (esp. a cake) with powder, dust, sugar, etc. \Bb\b sprinkle or strew (sugar, powder, etc.).\p\B3\b \Itr.\i make dusty.\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i \Iarchaic\i (of a bird) take a dust-bath.\p\1dust and ashes\c something very disappointing.\p\Bdust down\b \BBrit.\b\p\B1\b wipe or brush the dust from.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i reprimand.\p\B3\b = \Idust off.\i\p\Bdust off\b\p\B1\b remove the dust from (an object on which it has long been allowed to settle).\p\B2\b use and enjoy again after a long period of neglect.\p\1in the dust\c\p\B1\b humiliated.\p\B2\b dead.\p\1not see a person for dust\c find that a person has made a hasty departure.\Kidm new f. OERD, NSOED JUn 94\k\p\1when the dust settles\c when things quieten down. \Bdustless\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Idust:\i cf. Low German \Idunst\i 'vapour'\c
<hw>dust-bath</hw>\p\In.\i\pa bird's rolling in dust to freshen its feathers.
<hw>dustbin</hw> \K/"dVs(t)bIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b a container for household refuse, esp. one kept outside.
<hw>dust bowl</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IGeol\i an area denuded of vegetation by drought or erosion and reduced to desert.
<hw>dustcart</hw> \K/"dVs(t)kA:t/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ITransport\i a vehicle used for collecting household refuse.
<hw>dust devil</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BS.Afr.\b \IMeteorol\i a whirlwind visible as a column of dust.
<hw>duster</hw> \K/"dVst\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \BBrit.\b a cloth for dusting furniture etc. \Bb\b a person or contrivance that dusts.\p\B2\b \IClothing\i a woman's light, loose, full-length coat.
<hw>dusting powder</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b talcum powder.\p\B2\b any dusting or drying powder.
<hw>dust jacket</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPublishing\i a usu. decorated paper cover used to protect a book from dirt etc.
<hw>dustman</hw> \K/"dVs(t)m\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-men)\b \BBrit.\b\p\B1\b a man employed to clear household refuse.\p\B2\b = \J\Xsandman\x.\j
<hw>dustpan</hw> \K/"dVs(t)pan/\k\p\In.\i\pa small pan into which dust etc. is brushed from the floor.
<hw>dust sheet</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b a cloth put over furniture to protect it from dust.
<hw>dust-shot</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBallistics\i the smallest size of shot.
<hw>dust storm</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMeteorol\i a storm with clouds of dust carried in the air.
<hw>dust-trap</hw>\p\In.\i\psomething on, in, or under which dust gathers.
<hw>dusty</hw> \K/"dVsti/\k \Iadj.\i \B(dustier,\b \Bdustiest)\b\p\B1\b full of, covered with, or resembling dust.\p\B2\b uninteresting; dry \3(dusty legal paragraphs).\c\p\B3\b (of a colour) dull or muted.\p\1not so dusty\c \BBrit.\b \Islang\i fairly good. \Bdustily\b \Iadv.\i \Bdustiness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Idustig\i (as \J\Xdust\x)\j\c
<hw>dusty answer</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b a curt rejection of a request.
<hw>dusty miller</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b any of various plants, esp. Artemisia stelleriana, having white dust on the leaves and flowers.\p\B2\b \IFishing\i a kind of artificial fishing-fly.
<hw>Dutch</hw> \K/dVtS/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of, relating to, or associated with the Netherlands.\p\B2\b \BUS\b \Iarchaic\i \Islang\i German.\p\B3\b \BS.Afr.\b of Dutch descent.\p\B4\b \Iarchaic\i of Germany including the Netherlands.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ILanguage\i \Ba\b the language of the Netherlands. \Bb\b \BS.Afr.\b usu. \Iderog.\i Afrikaans.\p\B2\b \I(prec. by \Bthe;\b\i \Itreated as \Bpl.)\b\i \IPeople\i \Ba\b the people of the Netherlands. \Bb\b \BS.Afr.\b Afrikaans-speakers.\p\B3\b \ILanguage\i \Iarchaic\i the language of Germany including the Netherlands.\p\1go Dutch\c share expenses equally.\Kbeat the Dutch omitted Dec 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle Dutch \Idutsch\i etc., Hollandish, Netherlandish, German, Old High German \Idiutisc\i 'national'\c
<hw>Dutch auction</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i a sale, usu. public, of goods in which the price is reduced by the auctioneer until a buyer is found.
<hw>Dutch bargain</hw>\p\In.\i\pa bargain concluded by drinking together.
<hw>Dutch barn</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IAgriculture\i a barn roof over hay etc., set on poles and having no walls.
<hw>Dutch cap</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b \IMed\i a contraceptive diaphragm.\p\B2\b \IClothing\i a woman's lace cap with triangular flaps on each side.
<hw>Dutch courage</hw>\p\In.\i\pfalse courage gained from alcohol.
<hw>Dutch doll</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IToys\i a jointed wooden doll.
<hw>Dutch elm disease</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a disease of elms, often fatal, caused by the fungus Ceratocystis ulmi and spread by bark beetles.
<hw>Dutch hoe</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IHort\i a hoe used with a pushing action.
<hw>Dutch interior</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IArt\i a painting of Dutch domestic life, esp. by P. de Hooch (d. 1683).
<hw>Dutchman</hw> \K/"dVtSm\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-men;\b \Ifem.\i \BDutchwoman,\b \Ipl.\i \B-women)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b a native or national of the Netherlands. \Bb\b a person of Dutch descent.\p\B2\b \INaut\i a Dutch ship.\p\B3\b \BUS\b \Iarchaic\i \Islang\i a German.\p\1I'm a Dutchman\c \BBrit.\b expression of disbelief or refusal.
<hw>Dutchman's breeches</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BUS\b a plant of eastern N. America, Dicentra cucullaria, with white flowers and finely divided leaves.
<hw>Dutchman's pipe</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a climbing vine of eastern N. America, Aristolochia durior, with hooked tubular flowers.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Jan 94\k
<hw>Dutch metal</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMetallurgy\i a copper-zinc alloy imitating gold leaf.
<hw>Dutch oven</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i\p\B1\b a metal box the open side of which is turned towards a fire.\p\B2\b a covered cooking pot for braising etc.
<hw>Dutch treat</hw>\p\In.\i\pa party, outing, etc. to which each person makes a contribution.
<hw>Dutch uncle</hw>\p\In.\i\pa person giving advice with benevolent firmness.
<hw>Dutch wife</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IFurniture\i a framework of cane etc., or a bolster, used for resting the legs in bed.
<hw>Dutchwoman</hw> \Isee\i \J\XDutchman\x.\j
<hw>duteous</hw> \K/"dju:tI\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i \Iliterary\i (of a person or conduct) dutiful; obedient. \Bduteously\b \Iadv.\i \Bduteousness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xduty\x\j + \J\X-ous\x:\j cf. \Ibeauteous\i\c
<hw>dutiable</hw> \K/"dju:tI\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \ICommerce\i liable to customs or other duties.
<hw>dutiful</hw> \K/"dju:tIfUl/, /-f(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i doing or observant of one's duty; obedient. \Bdutifully\b \Iadv.\i \Bdutifulness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>duty</hw> \K/"dju:ti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b a moral or legal obligation; a responsibility \3(his duty to report it).\c \Bb\b the binding force of what is right \3(strong sense of duty).\c \Bc\b what is required of one \3(do one's duty).\c\p\B2\b \ICommerce\i payment to the public revenue, esp.: \Ba\b that levied on the import, export, manufacture, or sale of goods \3(customs duty).\c \Bb\b \BBrit.\b that levied on the transfer of property, licences, the legal recognition of documents, etc. \3(death duty;\c \2probate duty).\c\p\B3\b \I(often in \Bpl.)\b\i a job or function \3(his duties as caretaker).\c\p\B4\b the behaviour due to a superior; deference, respect.\p\B5\b \IMech\i the measure of an engine's effectiveness in units of work done per unit of fuel.\p\B6\b \IEccl.\i the performance of church services.\p\1do duty for\c serve as or pass for (something else).\p\1on (or off) duty\c engaged (or not engaged) in one's work. \BEtymology:\b \3Anglo-French \IdewetΘ,\i \IduetΘ\i (as \J\Xdue\x)\j\c
<hw>duty-bound</hw> \Iadj.\i obliged by duty.
<hw>duty-free</hw> \Iadj.\i \ICommerce\i (of goods) on which duty is not leviable.
<hw>duty-free shop</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i a shop at an airport etc. at which duty-free goods can be bought.
<hw>duty officer</hw>\p\In.\i\pthe officer currently on duty.
<hw>duty-paid</hw> \Iadj.\i \ICommerce\i (of goods) on which duty has been paid.
<hw>duty visit</hw>\p\In.\i\pa visit paid from obligation, not from pleasure.
<hw>duumvir</hw> \K/dju:"Vmv\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRom.Hist.\i one of two co-equal magistrates or officials. \Bduumvirate\b \K/-vIr\F'\nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin from \Iduum virum\i 'of the two men'\c
<hw>duvet</hw> \K/"dju:veI/, /"du:-/\k\p\In.\i\p\Besp. Brit.\b a thick soft quilt with a detachable cover, used instead of an upper sheet and blankets. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = \J\Xdown\x (2)\j\c
<hw>dux</hw> \K/dVks/\k\p\In.\i\p\BSc.,\b \BAustral.,\b \BNZ,\b & \BS.Afr.\b etc.\IEducation\i the top pupil in a class or in a school. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = leader\c
<hw>duyker</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xduiker\x 1.\j
<hw>DV</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IDeo volente.\i
<hw>Dvr.</hw> \Iabbr.\i \BBrit.\b Driver.
<hw>dwale</hw> \K/dweIl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i deadly nightshade. \BEtymology:\b \3probably from Scandinavian\c
<hw>dwarf</hw> \K/dwO:f/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bdwarfs\b or \Bdwarves\b \K/dwO:vz/\k)\p\B1\b \Ba\b \IAnat\i a person of abnormally small stature, esp. one with a normal-sized head and body but short limbs. \Bb\b \IZool Bot\i an animal or plant much below the ordinary size for the species.\p\B2\b \IMythol\i a small mythological being with supernatural powers.\p\B3\b (in full \Bdwarf star)\b \IAstron\i a small usu. dense star.\p\B4\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i \Ba\b of a kind very small in size \3(dwarf bean).\c \Bb\b puny, stunted. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b stunt in growth.\p\B2\b cause (something similar or comparable) to seem small or insignificant \3(efforts dwarfed by their rivals' achievements).\c \Bdwarfish\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Idweorg,\i from Germanic\c In sense 1, alternative terms such as \Iperson of restricted growth\i are now sometimes preferred.
<hw>dwarfism</hw> \K/"dwO:fIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\Iesp. Med.\i the condition of being a dwarf.
<hw>dweeb</hw> \K/dwi:b/\k\p\In.\i\p\BUS\b \Islang\i a studious or boring person; a nerd.\Knew f. SOED Oct 93\k \BEtymology:\b \320th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>dwell</hw> \K/dwEl/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.intr.\i \I(past\i and \Ipast part.\i \Bdwelt\b or \Bdwelled)\b\p\B1\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bin,\b \Bat,\b \Bnear,\b \Bon,\b etc.)\i \Iliterary\i live, reside \3(dwelt in the forest).\c\p\B2\b \IRiding\i (of a horse) be slow in raising its feet; pause before taking a fence.\p\In.\i\p\IMech\i a slight, regular pause in the motion of a machine.\p\Bdwell on\b (or \Bupon)\b\p\B1\b spend time on, linger over; write, brood, or speak at length on (a specified subject) \3(always dwells on his grievances).\c\p\B2\b prolong (a note, a syllable, etc.). \Bdweller\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Idwellan\i 'lead astray, hinder, delay', later 'continue in a place', from Germanic\c
<hw>dwelling</hw> \K/"dwElIN/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bdwelling place)\b \Iformal\i a house; a residence; an abode.
<hw>dwelling house</hw>\p\In.\i\pa house used as a residence, not as an office etc.
<hw>dwindle</hw> \K/"dwInd(\F'\n)l/\k \Iv.intr.\i\p\B1\b become gradually smaller; shrink; waste away.\p\B2\b lose importance; decline; degenerate. \BEtymology:\b \3\Idwine\i 'fade away' from Old English \Idwinan,\i Old Norse \Idvina\i\c
<hw>Dy</hw> \Isymb.\i \IChem.\i the element dysprosium.
<hw>dyad</hw> \K/"dVIad/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMath.\i an operator which is a combination of two vectors. \Bdyadic\b \K/-"adIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Idyas dyad-\i from Greek \Iduas duados,\i from \Iduo\i 'two'\c
<hw>Dyak</hw> \K/"dVIak/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \BDayak)\b \IAnthropol People\i an aboriginal of Borneo or Sarawak. \BEtymology:\b \3Malay \Idayak\i 'up-country'\c
<hw>dybbuk</hw> \K/"dIbUk/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bdybbukim\b \K/-kIm/\k or \Bdybbuks)\b \IMythol\i a malevolent spirit in Jewish folklore. \BEtymology:\b \3Hebrew \Idibbuk\i from \Idabak\i 'cling'\c
<hw>dye</hw> \K/dVI/\k \In. & v.\i \IDyeing\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a substance used to change the colour of hair, fabric, wood, etc. \Bb\b a colour produced by this.\p\B2\b (in full \Bdyestuff\b \K/"dVIstVf/\k) a substance yielding a dye, esp. when in solution.\p\Iv.\i\p\B(dyeing)\b\p\B1\b \Itr.\i impregnate with dye.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i make (a thing) a specified colour with dye \3(dyed it yellow).\c\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i take colour in the process of dyeing.\Ksense 3 new f. SOED Sep 94\k\p\1dyed in the wool\c (or \BBrit.\b \Bgrain)\b\p\B1\b out and out; unchangeable, inveterate.\p\B2\b \ITextiles\i (of a fabric) made of yarn dyed in its raw state. \Bdyeable\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ideag,\i \Ideagian\i\c
<hw>dye-line</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPrinting\i a print made by the diazo process.
<hw>dyer</hw> \K/"dVI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IDyeing Textiles\i a person who dyes cloth etc.
<hw>dyer's greenweed</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bdyer's broom)\b \IBot\i a bushy yellow-flowered leguminous plant, Genista tinctoria, formerly used to make a green dye.
<hw>dyer's oak</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i an E. Mediterranean oak, Quercus infectoria, bearing galls formerly used to make a yellow dye.
<hw>dyestuff</hw> \Isee\i \J\Xdye\x\p\In.\i\p2.\j
<hw>dying</hw> \K/"dVIIN/\k \Iattrib.adj.\i connected with, or at the time of, death \3(his dying words).\c\p\1to one's dying day\c for the rest of one's life. \BEtymology:\b \3pres. part. of \J\Xdie\x (1)\j\c
<hw>dying oath</hw>\p\In.\i\pan oath made at, or with the solemnity proper to, death.
<hw>dyke (1)</hw> \K/dVIk/\k \In. & v.\i (also \Bdike)\b\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a long wall or embankment built to prevent flooding, esp. from the sea.\p\B2\b \Ba\b a ditch or artificial watercourse. \Bb\b \BBrit.\b a natural watercourse.\p\B3\b \Ba\b a low wall, esp. of turf. \Bb\b a causeway.\p\B4\b a barrier or obstacle; a defence.\p\B5\b \IGeol.\i an intrusion of igneous rock across sedimentary strata.\p\B6\b \Besp. Austral.\b \Islang\i a lavatory. \Iv.tr.\i provide or defend with a dyke or dykes. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old Norse \Idφk\i or Middle Low German \Idik\i 'dam', Middle Dutch \Idijc\i 'ditch, dam': cf. \J\Xditch\x\j\c
<hw>dynamic</hw> \K/dVI"namIk/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i (also \Bdynamical)\b\p\B1\b energetic; active; potent.\p\B2\b \IPhysics\i \Ba\b concerning motive force \I(opp.\i \J\Xstatic\x).\j \Bb\b concerning force in actual operation.\p\B3\b of or concerning dynamics.\p\B4\b \IMus.\i relating to the volume of sound.\p\B5\b \IPhilos.\i relating to dynamism.\p\B6\b (as \Bdynamical)\b \ITheol.\i (of inspiration) endowing with divine power, not impelling mechanically.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an energizing or motive force.\p\B2\b \IMus.\i = \J\Xdynamics\x 3.\j \Bdynamically\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Idynamique\i from Greek \Idunamikos,\i from \Idunamis\i 'power'\c
<hw>dynamic equilibrium</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i a state of balance between continuing processes.\Kdef. changed on denesting Aug 92\k
<hw>dynamics</hw> \K/dVI"namIks/\k \In.pl.\i\p\B1\b \I(usu. treated as \Bsing.)\b\i \Ba\b \IMech.\i the branch of mechanics concerned with the motion of bodies under the action of forces \I(cf.\i \J\Xstatics\x).\j \Bb\b \ISci\i the branch of any science in which forces or changes are considered \3(aerodynamics;\c \2population dynamics).\c\p\B2\b the motive forces, physical or moral, affecting behaviour and change in any sphere \3(group dynamics).\c\p\B3\b \IMus.\i the varying degree of volume of sound in musical performance. \Bdynamicist\b \K/-sIst/\k\p\In.\i\p(in sense 1a).
<hw>dynamic viscosity</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i a quantity measuring the force needed to overcome internal friction.
<hw>dynamism</hw> \K/"dVIn\F'\nmIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b energizing or dynamic action or power.\p\B2\b \IPhilos.\i the theory that phenomena of matter or mind are due to the action of forces (rather than to motion or matter). \Bdynamist\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Idunamis\i 'power' + \J\X-ism\x\j\c
<hw>dynamite</hw> \K/"dVIn\F'\nmVIt/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IChem\i a high explosive consisting of nitroglycerine mixed with an absorbent.\p\B2\b a potentially dangerous person, thing, or situation.\p\B3\b \BBrit.\b \Islang\i a narcotic, esp. heroin.\p\B4\b \I(often \Battrib.)\b\i \Islang\i a powerful or impressive person or thing.\Knoun sense 4 new f. News Oct 93\k \Iv.tr.\i charge or shatter with dynamite. \Bdynamiter\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3formed as \J\Xdynamism\x\j + \J\X-ite\x (1)\j\c
<hw>dynamo</hw> \K/"dVIn\F'\nm\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b\p\B1\b \Besp. Brit.\b \IMech\i a machine converting mechanical energy into electrical energy, esp. by rotating coils of copper wire in a magnetic field.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i an energetic person. \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation of \Idynamo-electric machine,\i from Greek \Idunamis\i 'power'\c
<hw>dynamometer</hw> \K/dVIn\F'\n"mQmIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMech\i an instrument measuring energy expended by a mechanism, vehicle, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IdynamomΦtre\i (as Greek \Idunamis\i 'power, force' + \J\X-meter\x)\j\c
<hw>dynast</hw> \K/"dIn\F'\nst/, /"dVIn\F'\nst/, /-ast/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i\p\B1\b a ruler.\p\B2\b a member of a dynasty. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin from Greek \Idunastes,\i from \Idunamai\i 'be able'\c
<hw>dynasty</hw> \K/"dIn\F'\nsti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \IPolit\i a line of hereditary rulers.\p\B2\b a succession of leaders in any field. \Bdynastic\b \K/-"nastIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Bdynastically\b \K/-"nastIk(\F'\n)li/\k \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Idynastie\i or Late Latin \Idynastia\i from Greek \Idunasteia\i 'lordship' (as \J\Xdynast\x)\j\c
<hw>dynatron</hw> \K/"dVIn\F'\ntrQn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IElectronics\i a thermionic valve, used to generate continuous oscillations. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Idunamis\i 'power' + \J\X-tron\x\j\c
<hw>dyne</hw> \K/dVIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISci\i \IPhysics\i a unit of force that, acting on a mass of one gram, increases its velocity by one centimetre per second every second along the direction that it acts (abbr.: \Bdyn).\b\Kabbr\k \BEtymology:\b \3French from Greek \Idunamis\i 'force, power'\c
<hw>dysentery</hw> \K/"dIs(\F'\n)nt(\F'\n)ri/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a disease with inflammation of the intestines, causing severe diarrhoea with blood and mucus. \Bdysenteric\b \K/-"tErIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old French \Idissenterie\i or Latin \Idysenteria\i from Greek \Idusenteria\i (as \J\Xdys-\x,\j \Ienteria\i from \Ientera\i 'bowels')\c
<hw>dysfunction</hw> \K/dIs"fVN(k)S(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed Sociol\i an abnormality or impairment of function. \Bdysfunctional\b \Iadj.\i
<hw>dysgraphia</hw> \K/dIs"grafI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i an inability to write coherently. \Bdysgraphic\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xdys-\x\j + Greek \Igraphia\i 'writing'\c
<hw>dyslexia</hw> \K/dIs"lEksI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a disorder marked esp. by severe difficulty in reading and spelling. \Bdyslectic\b \K/-"lEktIk/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Bdyslexic\b \Iadj. & n.\i \BEtymology:\b \3German \IDyslexie\i (as \J\Xdys-\x,\j Greek \Ilexis\i 'speech', apparently by confusion of Greek \Ilegein\i 'to speak' and Latin \Ilegere\i 'to read')\c
<hw>dysmenorrhoea</hw> \K/%dIsmEn\F'\n"ri:\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i painful or difficult menstruation. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xdys-\x\j + \J\Xmenorrhoea\x\j\c
<hw>dyspeptic</hw> \K/dIs"pEptIk/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IMed\i \Iadj.\i of or relating to dyspepsia or the resulting depression.\p\In.\i\pa person suffering from dyspepsia.
<hw>dysphasia</hw> \K/dIs"feIzI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed.\i lack of coordination in speech, owing to brain damage. \Bdysphasic\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Idusphatos\i 'hard to utter' (as \J\Xdys-\x,\j \J\Xphatic\x)\j\c
<hw>dysphoria</hw> \K/dIs"fO:rI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pa state of unease or mental discomfort. \Bdysphoric\b \K/-"fQrIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Idusphoria\i from \Idusphoros\i 'hard to bear' (as \J\Xdys-\x,\j \Iphero\i 'bear')\c
<hw>dysplasia</hw> \K/dIs"pleIzI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed.\i abnormal growth of tissues etc. \Bdysplastic\b \K/-"plastIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin, formed as \J\Xdys-\x\j + Greek \Iplasis\i 'formation'\c
<hw>dyspnoea</hw> \K/dIsp"ni:\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Bdyspnea)\b \IMed.\i difficult or laboured breathing. \Bdyspnoeic\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin from Greek \Iduspnoia\i (as \J\Xdys-\x,\j \Ipneo\i 'breathe')\c
<hw>dysprosium</hw> \K/dIs"pr\F'\nUzI\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i a naturally occurring soft metallic element of the lanthanide series, used as a component in certain magnetic alloys (symbol \BDy).\b\Ksymb\k \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin, from Greek \Idusprositos\i 'hard to get at' + \J\X-ium\x\j\c
<hw>dystopia</hw> \K/dIs"t\F'\nUpI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pa nightmare vision of society, often as one dominated by a totalitarian state \I(opp.\i \J\XUtopia\x).\j \Bdystopian\b \Iadj. & n.\i\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED Feb 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xdys-\x\j + \J\XUtopia\x\j\c
<hw>dystrophic</hw> \K/dIs"trQfIk/, /-"tr\F'\nUf-/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IMed.\i relating to or affected by dystrophy.\p\B2\b \IEcol.\i (of a lake etc.) containing much dissolved organic matter and little oxygen.\Knew as hwd; sense 2 new f. NSOED, Coll. Jan 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3formed as \J\Xdystrophy\x\j + \J\X-ic\x\j\c
<hw>dystrophy</hw> \K/"dIstr\F'\nfi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i impaired nourishment of an organ or part of the body. \ISee also\i \J\Xmuscular dystrophy\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \Idystrophia,\i formed as \J\Xdys-\x\j + Greek \I-trophia\i 'nourishment'\c
<hw>dysuria</hw> \K/dIs"jU\F'\nrI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i painful or difficult urination. \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin from Greek \Idusouria\i (as \J\Xdys-\x,\j \Iouron\i 'urine')\c
<hw>dzo</hw> \K/Z\F'\nU/, /z\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bdzho,\b \Bzho)\b \I(pl.\i same or \B-os)\b \IZool\i a hybrid of a cow and a yak. \BEtymology:\b \3Tibetan \Imdso\i\c
<hw>E (1)</hw> \K/i:/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Be)\b \I(pl.\i \BEs\b or \BE's)\b\p\B1\b the fifth letter of the alphabet.\p\B2\b \IMus.\i the third note of the diatonic scale of C major.
<hw>E (2)</hw> \Iabbr.\i (also \BE.)\b\p\B1\b \IGeog\i East; Eastern.\p\B2\b Egyptian \3(úE).\c\p\B3\b \Islang\i \Ba\b the drug ecstasy.\Ksense 3 drug ecstasy new in COD9 f. ODNW Oct 93\k \Bb\b a tablet of this.\Ksense 3b new f. OERD, incomings Jun 94\k\p\B4\b \Isee\i \J\XE-number\x.\j
<hw>E (3)</hw> \Isymb.\i \IPhysics\i energy \3(E = mc2).\c\Knew f. JHM. Oct 93\k
<hw>e</hw> \Isymb.\i\p\B1\b \IMath.\i the base of natural logarithms, equal to approx. 2.71828.\p\B2\b \IEcon\i used on packaging (in conjunction with specification of weight, size, etc.) to indicate compliance with EEC regulations.
<hw>e-</hw> \K/I/, /E/\k \Iprefix\i \Iform of\i \J\Xex-\x (1) 1\j before some consonants.
<hw>ea.</hw> \Iabbr.\i each.
<hw>each</hw> \K/i:tS/\k \Idet. & pron.\i \Idet.\i every one of two or more persons or things, regarded and identified separately \3(each person;\c \2five in each class).\c \Ipron.\i each person or thing \3(each of us;\c \2have two books each;\c \2cost a penny each).\c\p\1each and every\c every single. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iµlc\i from West Germanic phrase = ever alike, formed as \J\Xaye\x (2)\j + \J\Xalike\x\j\c
<hw>each other</hw> \Ipron.\i one another \3(they hate each other;\c \2they wore each other's hats).\c
<hw>each way</hw> \Iadj. & adv.\i \BBrit.\b \IRacing\i (of a bet) backing a horse etc. for either a win or a place.
<hw>eager</hw> \K/"i:g\F'\n/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b full of keen desire, enthusiastic. \Bb\b (of passions etc.) keen, impatient.\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Bfor,\b or \Bto\b + infin.)\i keen, impatient, strongly desirous \3(eager to learn;\c \2eager for news).\c \Beagerly\b \Iadv.\i \Beagerness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Anglo-French \Iegre,\i Old French \Iaigre\i 'keen', ultimately from Latin \Iacer acris\i\c
<hw>eager beaver</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Icolloq.\i an overzealous or extremely diligent person.
<hw>eagle</hw> \K/"i:g(\F'\n)l/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \IZool\i any of various large birds of prey of the family Accipitridae, with keen vision and powerful flight. \Bb\b a figure of an eagle, esp. as a symbol of the US, or formerly as a Roman or French ensign.\p\B2\b \IGolf\i a score of two strokes under par at any hole.\p\B3\b \BUS\b \ICurrency\i a former gold coin worth ten dollars. \Iv.tr.\i \IGolf\i play (a hole) in two strokes less than par.\KVerb new f. NEWS Oct 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Anglo-French \Iegle,\i Old French \Iaigle\i from Latin \Iaquila\i\c
<hw>eagle eye</hw>\p\In.\i\pkeen sight, watchfulness. \Beagle-eyed\b \Iadj.\i\Keagle-eyed subsumed Aug 92\k
<hw>eagle owl</hw>\p\In.\i\pany large owl of the genus \IBubo,\i with long ear-tufts.
<hw>eagle ray</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool.\i a large ray (fish) of the family Myliobatidae, with long pointed pectoral fins.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Jan 94\k
<hw>eaglet</hw> \K/"i:glIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a young eagle.
<hw>E. & O. E.</hw> \Iabbr.\i errors and omissions excepted.
<hw>ear (1)</hw> \K/I\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnat\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the organ of hearing and balance in humans and vertebrates, esp. the external part of this. \Bb\b an organ sensitive to sound in other animals.\p\B2\b the faculty for discriminating sounds \3(an ear for music).\c\p\B3\b an ear-shaped thing, esp. the handle of a jug.\p\B4\b listening, attention.\p\1all ears\c listening attentively.\p\1bring about one's ears\c bring down upon oneself.\p\1give ear to\c listen to.\p\1have a person's ear\c receive a favourable hearing.\p\1have (or keep) an ear to the ground\c be alert to rumours or the trend of opinion.\p\1in one ear and out the other\c heard but disregarded or quickly forgotten.\p\1out on one's ear\c dismissed ignominiously.\p\1up to one's ears\c \I(often foll. by \Bin)\b\i \Icolloq.\i deeply involved or occupied. \Beared\b \Iadj.\i \I(also in \Bcomb.).\b\i \Bearless\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ieare\i from Germanic: related to Latin \Iauris,\i Greek \Ious\i\c
<hw>ear (2)</hw> \K/I\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i the seed-bearing head of a cereal plant. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iear\i from Germanic, related to Latin \Iacus,\i \Iacer\i 'husk'\c
<hw>earache</hw> \K/"I\F'\nreIk/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a (usu. prolonged) pain in the ear.
<hw>ear drops</hw> \In.pl.\i\p\B1\b \IPharm\i medicinal drops for the ear.\p\B2\b \IJewellery\i hanging earrings.
<hw>eardrum</hw> \K/"I\F'\ndrVm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnat\i the membrane of the middle ear (= \J\Xtympanic membrane\x).\j
<hw>earful</hw> \K/"I\F'\nfUl/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-fuls)\b \Icolloq.\i\p\B1\b a copious or prolonged amount of talking.\p\B2\b a strong reprimand.
<hw>earhole</hw> \K/"I\F'\nh\F'\nUl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnat.\i the orifice of the ear.\Knew f. SOED, corpus Oct 93\k
<hw>earl</hw> \K/\F'\n:l/\k\p\In.\i\pa British nobleman ranking between a marquess and a viscount \I(cf.\i \J\Xcount\x (2)).\j \Bearldom\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ieorl,\i of unknown origin\c
<hw>Earl Grey</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IDrink\i a superior type of tea flavoured with bergamot.\Knew f. corpus Oct 93\k
<hw>Earl Marshal</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IHeraldry\i (in the UK) the officer presiding over the College of Heralds, with ceremonial duties on various royal occasions.
<hw>ear lobe</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAnat\i the lower soft pendulous external part of the ear.
<hw>Earl Palatine</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Ihist.\i an earl having royal authority within his country or domain.
<hw>early</hw> \K/"\F'\n:li/\k \Iadj., adv., & n.\i \IHorol\i \Iadj. & adv.\i \B(earlier,\b \Bearliest)\b\p\B1\b before the due, usual, or expected time \3(was early for my appointment;\c \2the train arrived early).\c\p\B2\b \Ba\b not far on in the day or night, or in time \3(early evening;\c \2at the earliest opportunity).\c \Bb\b prompt; promptly \3(early payment appreciated;\c \2reply early for a reduction).\c\p\B3\b \Ba\b not far on in a period, development, or process of evolution; being the first stage \3(Early English architecture;\c \2the early Christians;\c \2early Spring).\c \Bb\b of the distant past \3(early man).\c \Bc\b not far on in a sequence or serial order \3(the early chapters;\c \2appears early in the list).\c\p\B4\b \Ba\b of childhood, esp. the pre-school years \3(early learning).\c \Bb\b (of a piece of writing, music, etc.) immature, youthful \3(an early work).\c\p\B5\b flowering, ripening, etc., before other varieties \3(early peaches).\c\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i \IHort\i an early fruit or vegetable, esp. potatoes.\p\1at the earliest\c \I(often placed after a specified time)\i not before \3(will arrive on Monday at the earliest).\c\p\1early (or earlier) on\c at an early (or earlier) stage. \Bearliness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3originally as \Iadv.,\i Old English \Iµrlice,\i \Iarlice,\i from \Iµr\i \J\Xere\x\j\c
<hw>early bird</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Icolloq.\i a person who arrives, gets up, etc. early.
<hw>early closing</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ICommerce\i the shutting of business premises on the afternoon of one particular day of the week.
<hw>early days</hw> \In.pl.\i \BBrit.\b early in time for something to happen etc.
<hw>early grave</hw>\p\In.\i\pan untimely or premature death.
<hw>early hours</hw> \In.pl.\i the very early morning, usu. before dawn.
<hw>early music</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMus\i medieval, Renaissance, and baroque music, esp. as revived and played on period instruments. \Bearly musician\b\p\In.\i\p\Kearly music new f. NEWS Oct 93\k
<hw>early night</hw>\p\In.\i\pan occasion on which a person goes to bed early.\Kearly night new f. NEWS Oct 93\k
<hw>early retirement</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i retirement from one's occupation before the statutory retirement age, esp. on advantageous financial terms.\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED, corpus, NEWS Feb 94\k
<hw>early warning</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMil. etc.\i advance warning of a problem or of an imminent (esp. nuclear) attack \I(often \Battrib.:\b\i \2early warning system).\c
<hw>earmark</hw> \K/"I\F'\nmA:k/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an identifying mark.\p\B2\b \IAgriculture\i an owner's mark on the ear of an animal. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bfor)\b\i set aside (money etc.) for a special purpose.\p\B2\b \IAgriculture\i mark (sheep etc.) with an identifying mark.
<hw>earmuff</hw> \K/"I\F'\nmVf/\k\p\In.\i\p\IClothing\i a wrap or cover for the ears, protecting them from cold, noise, etc.
<hw>earn</hw> \K/\F'\n:n/\k \Iv.tr.\i \ICommerce\i\p\B1\b \I(also \Babsol.)\b\i \Ba\b (of a person) obtain (income) in the form of money in return for labour or services \3(earn a weekly wage;\c \2happy to be earning at last).\c \Bb\b \IEcon Commerce\i (of capital invested) bring in as interest or profit.\p\B2\b \Ba\b deserve; be entitled to; obtain as the reward for hard work or merit \3(have earned a holiday;\c \2earned our admiration;\c \2earn one's keep).\c \Bb\b incur (a reproach, reputation, etc.). \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iearnian\i from West Germanic, related to Germanic roots associated with reaping\c
<hw>earned income</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IFinance\i income derived from wages etc. \I(opp.\i \J\Xunearned income\x).\j
<hw>earner</hw> \K/"\F'\n:n\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person or thing that earns \I(often in \Bcomb.:\b\i \2wage earner).\c\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i a lucrative job or enterprise.
<hw>earnest (1)</hw> \K/"\F'\n:nIst/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i ardently or intensely serious; zealous; not trifling or joking.\p\In.\i\pseriousness.\p\1in (or in real) earnest\c serious(ly), not joking(ly); with determination. \Bearnestly\b \Iadv.\i \Bearnestness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ieornust,\i \Ieornost\i\c
<hw>earnest (2)</hw> \K/"\F'\n:nIst/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ILaw\i money paid as an instalment, esp. to confirm a contract etc.\p\B2\b a token or foretaste \3(in earnest of what is to come).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English \Iernes,\i probably via Old French and medieval Latin from Latin \Iarr(h)a\i 'pledge'\c
<hw>earnings-related</hw> \Iadj.\i \IFinance\i (of benefit, a pension, etc.) calculated on the basis of past or present income.
<hw>EAROM</hw> \K/"I\F'\nrQm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IComputing\i electrically alterable read-only memory.\Knew in COD9 f. News, OERD Mar 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3acronym\c
<hw>earphone</hw> \K/"I\F'\nf\F'\nUn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRadio-Telephony\i a device applied to the ear to aid hearing or receive radio or telephone communications.
<hw>earpiece</hw> \K/"I\F'\npi:s/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRadio-Telephony\i the part of a telephone etc. applied to the ear during use.
<hw>ear-piercing</hw> \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i loud and shrill.\p\In.\i\pthe piercing of the ears to allow the wearing of earrings.\KNoun new f. POD8\k
<hw>earplug</hw> \K/"I\F'\nplVg/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a piece of wax etc. placed in the ear to protect against cold air, water, or noise.
<hw>earring</hw> \K/"I\F'\nrIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\IJewellery\i a piece of jewellery worn in or on (esp. the lobe of) the ear.
<hw>earshot</hw> \K/"I\F'\nSQt/\k\p\In.\i\pthe distance over which something can be heard \3(esp. within or out of earshot).\c
<hw>ear-splitting</hw> \Iadj.\i excessively loud.
<hw>ear-stopple</hw> \Isee\i \J\Xstopple\x\p\In.\i\p2.\j\Knew f. OERD Sep 94\k
<hw>earth</hw> \K/\F'\n:T/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b (also \BEarth;\b \Ioften prec. by \Bthe)\b\i \IAstron\i one of the planets of the solar system, orbiting about the sun between Venus and Mars; the planet on which we live. \Bb\b \I(prec. by \Bthe)\b\i \IGeol\i land and sea, as distinct from sky.\p\B2\b \Ba\b dry land; the ground \3(fell to earth).\c \Bb\b soil, clay, mould. \Bc\b bodily matter \3(earth to earth).\c\p\B3\b \IRelig.\i the present abode of humankind, as distinct from heaven or hell; the world.\p\B4\b \BBrit.\b \IElectr.\i the connection to the earth as an arbitrary reference voltage in an electrical circuit.\p\B5\b \IZool\i the hole of a badger, fox, etc.\p\B6\b \I(prec. by \Bthe)\b\i \Icolloq.\i a huge amount; everything \3(cost the earth;\c \2want the earth).\c\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \I(foll. by \Bup)\b\i \IHort\i \BBrit.\b cover (the roots and lower stems of plants) with heaped-up earth.\p\B2\b \IHunting\i \Ba\b \Itr.\i drive (a fox) to its earth. \Bb\b \Iintr.\i (of a fox etc.) run to its earth.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \BBrit.\b \IElectr.\i connect to the earth.\p\1come back (or down) to earth\c return to realities.\p\1gone to earth\c in hiding.\p\1on earth\c \Icolloq.\i\p\B1\b existing anywhere \3(the happiest man on earth;\c \2looked like nothing on earth).\c\p\B2\b as an intensifier \3(what on earth?).\c \Bearthward\b \Iadj. & adv.\i \Bearthwards\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ieorthe,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>earthbound</hw> \K/"\F'\n:TbaUnd/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b attached to the earth or earthly things.\p\B2\b moving towards the earth.
<hw>earth closet</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b a lavatory with dry earth used to cover excreta.
<hw>earthen</hw> \K/"\F'\n:T(\F'\n)n/\k \Iadj.\i \IPottery etc.\i\p\B1\b made of earth.\p\B2\b made of baked clay.
<hw>earthenware</hw> \K/"\F'\n:T(\F'\n)nwE:/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\IPottery\i pottery, vessels, etc., made of clay fired to a porous state which can be made impervious to liquids by the use of a glaze \I(cf.\i \J\Xporcelain\x,\j \J\Xstoneware\x).\j \Iadj.\i made of fired clay. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xearthen\x\j + \J\Xware\x (1)\j\c
<hw>earthling</hw> \K/"\F'\n:TlIN/\k\p\In.\i\pan inhabitant of the earth, esp. as regarded in science fiction by aliens.
<hw>earthly</hw> \K/"\F'\n:Tli/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of the earth or human life on earth; terrestrial.\p\B2\b \I(usu. with \Bneg.)\b\i \Icolloq.\i remotely possible or conceivable \3(is no earthly use;\c \2there wasn't an earthly reason).\c\p\1not an earthly\c \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i no chance whatever. \Bearthliness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>earthly paradise</hw> \Isee\i \J\Xparadise\x 3.\j\Knew as hwd Sep 94\k
<hw>earth mother</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMythol.\i a female spirit or deity symbolizing the earth.\p\B2\b a sensual and maternal woman.
<hw>earth mover</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IEngin\i a vehicle or machine for moving earth. \Bearth-moving\b\p\In.\i\p\Knew f. SOED, corpus Oct 93\k
<hw>earth-nut</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b any of various plants with an edible roundish tuber, esp. an umbelliferous woodland plant, Conopodium majus. \Bb\b the tuber of such a plant.\p\B2\b the peanut.
<hw>earthquake</hw> \K/"\F'\n:TkweIk/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IGeol\i a convulsion of the earth's crust due to the release of accumulated stress as a result of faults in strata or volcanic action.\p\B2\b a social etc. disturbance.
<hw>earth sciences</hw> \In.pl.\i \ISci\i the sciences concerned with the earth or part of it, or its atmosphere (e.g. geology, oceanography, meteorology).
<hw>earth-shattering</hw> \Iadj.\i (also \Bearth-shaking)\b \Icolloq.\i having a traumatic or devastating effect. \Bearth-shatteringly\b \Iadv.\i\Kearth-shatteringly subsumed in COD9 Aug 92\k
<hw>earthshine</hw> \K/"\F'\n:TSVIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAstron.\i the glow caused by sunlight reflected by the earth, esp. on the darker portion of a crescent moon.
<hw>earthstar</hw> \K/"\F'\n:TstA:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i any woodland fungus of the genus \IGeastrum,\i esp. G. triplex, with a spherical spore-containing fruit body surrounded by a fleshy star-shaped structure.
<hw>earthwork</hw> \K/"\F'\n:Tw\F'\n:k/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IFortification Engin\i an embankment, fortification, etc., made of earth.\p\B2\b \IEngin\i the process of excavating soil in civil engineering work.
<hw>earthworm</hw> \K/"\F'\n:Tw\F'\n:m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i any of various annelid worms, esp. of the genus \ILumbricus\i or \IAllolobophora,\i living and burrowing in the ground.
<hw>earthy</hw> \K/"\F'\n:Ti/\k \Iadj.\i \B(earthier,\b \Bearthiest)\b\p\B1\b of or like earth or soil.\p\B2\b somewhat coarse or crude; unrefined \3(earthy humour).\c \Bearthily\b \Iadv.\i \Bearthiness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>ear-trumpet</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a trumpet-shaped device formerly used as a hearing aid.
<hw>earwax</hw> \K/"I\F'\nwaks/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysiol\i a yellow waxy secretion produced by the ear. \IAlso called\i \Icerumen.\i
<hw>earwig</hw> \K/"I\F'\nwIg/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool\i any small elongate insect of the order Dermaptera, with a pair of terminal appendages in the shape of forceps.\p\B2\b \BUS\b \IZool\i a small centipede. \Iv.tr.\i \B(earwigged,\b \Bearwigging)\b \Iarchaic\i influence (a person) by secret communication. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iearwicga,\i from \Ieare\i \J\Xear\x (1)\j + \Iwicga\i 'earwig', probably related to \Iwiggle:\i the earwig was once thought to crawl into the human ear\c
<hw>ease</hw> \K/i:z/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b absence of difficulty; facility, effortlessness \3(did it with ease).\c\p\B2\b \Ba\b freedom or relief from pain, anxiety, or trouble. \Bb\b freedom from embarrassment or awkwardness. \Bc\b freedom or relief from constraint or formality.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i relieve from pain or anxiety etc. \I(often foll. by \Bof:\b\i \2eased my mind;\c \2eased me of the burden).\c\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Boff,\b \Bup)\b\i \Ba\b become less painful or burdensome. \Bb\b relax; begin to take it easy. \Bc\b slow down; moderate one's behaviour, habits, etc.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \Ijoc.\i rob or extract money etc. from \3(let me ease you of your loose change).\c\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i \IMeteorol.\i become less severe \3(the wind will ease tonight).\c\p\B5\b \Ba\b \Itr.\i relax; slacken; make a less tight fit. \Bb\b \Itr. & intr.\i \I(foll. by \Bthrough,\b \Binto,\b etc.)\i move or be moved carefully into place \3(eased it into the hole).\c\p\B6\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Boff)\b\i \IStock Exch.\i (of shares etc.) descend in price or value.\p\1at ease\c\p\B1\b free from anxiety or constraint.\p\B2\b \IMil.\i \Ba\b in a relaxed attitude while on parade, with the feet apart. \Bb\b the order to stand in this way.\p\1at one's ease\c free from embarrassment, awkwardness, or undue formality.\p\Bease away\b (or \Bdown\b or \Boff)\b \INaut.\i slacken (a rope, sail, etc.). \Beaser\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Anglo-French \Iese,\i Old French \Ieise,\i ultimately from Latin \Iadjacens\i \J\Xadjacent\x\j\c
<hw>easeful</hw> \K/"i:zfUl/, /-f(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i that gives ease, comfort, or relief; soothing.\Knew f. SOED, corpus Oct 93\k
<hw>easel</hw> \K/"i:z(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\IArt\i\p\B1\b a standing frame, usu. of wood, for supporting an artist's work, a blackboard, etc.\p\B2\b \IArt\i an artist's work collectively. \BEtymology:\b \3Dutch \Iezel\i = German \IEsel\i \J\Xass\x (1):\j cf. \J\Xhorse\x\p\In.\i\p\j\c
<hw>easement</hw> \K/"i:zm(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i a right of way or a similar right over another's land. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iaisement\i\c
<hw>easily</hw> \K/"i:zIli/\k \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b without difficulty.\p\B2\b by far \3(easily the best).\c\p\B3\b very probably \3(it could easily snow).\c
<hw>east</hw> \K/i:st/\k \In., adj., & adv.\i \IGeog\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the point of the horizon where the sun rises at the equinoxes (cardinal point 90░ to the right of north). \Bb\b the compass point corresponding to this. \Bc\b the direction in which this lies.\p\B2\b (usu. \Bthe East)\b \Ba\b \BBrit.\b the regions or countries lying to the east of Europe. \Bb\b \Ihist.\i the former Communist states of eastern Europe.\p\B3\b the eastern part of a country, town, etc.\p\B4\b \B(East)\b \IBridge\i a player occupying the position designated 'east'. \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b towards, at, near, or facing east.\p\B2\b coming from the east \3(east wind).\c \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b towards, at, or near the east.\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bof)\b\i further east than.\p\1to the east\c \I(often foll. by \Bof)\b\i in an easterly direction. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ieast-\i from Germanic, related to Latin \Iaurora\i 'dawn'\c
<hw>eastbound</hw> \K/"i:stbaUnd/\k \Iadj.\i \IGeog\i travelling or leading eastwards.
<hw>East End</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IGeog\i the part of London east of the City as far as the River Lea. \BEast Ender\b\p\In.\i\p\KEast Ender subsumed in COD9 Aug 92\k
<hw>Easter</hw> \K/"i:st\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b (also \BEaster Day\b or \BEaster Sunday)\b \IEccl\i the festival (held on a variable Sunday in March or April) commemorating Christ's resurrection.\p\B2\b the season in which this occurs, esp. the weekend from Good Friday to Easter Monday. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ieastre,\i apparently from \IEostre,\i the name of a goddess associated with spring, from Germanic\c
<hw>Easter egg</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IFood\i an artificial usu. chocolate egg given at Easter, esp. to children.
<hw>easterly</hw> \K/"i:st\F'\nli/\k \Iadj., adv., & n.\i \IGeog\i \Iadj. & adv.\i\p\B1\b in an eastern position or direction.\p\B2\b \IMeteorol\i (of a wind) blowing from the east.\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IMeteorol\i a wind blowing from the east.
<hw>eastern</hw> \K/"i:st(\F'\n)n/\k \Iadj.\i \IGeog\i\p\B1\b of or in the east; inhabiting the east.\p\B2\b lying or directed towards the east.\p\B3\b \B(Eastern)\b of or in the Far, Middle, or Near East. \Beasternmost\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ieasterne\i (as \J\Xeast\x,\j \J\X-ern\x)\j\c
<hw>Eastern Church</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i any of the Christian Churches originating in eastern Europe and the Middle East, esp. (in full \BEastern Orthodox Church)\b the Orthodox Church.
<hw>easterner</hw> \K/"i:st\F'\nn\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPeople\i a native or inhabitant of the east.
<hw>eastern hemisphere</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IGeol\i the half of the earth containing Europe, Asia, and Africa.
<hw>Eastern Standard Time</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \BEastern Time)\b \IHorol\i\p\B1\b the standard time in a zone including the eastern US and parts of Canada, five hours behind GMT.\p\B2\b the standard time in a zone including eastern Australia, ten hours ahead of GMT.
<hw>Eastertide</hw> \K/"i:st\F'\ntVId/\k\p\In.\i\p\IEccl\i the period including Easter.
<hw>Easter week</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IRelig.\i the week beginning on Easter Sunday.
<hw>East Germanic</hw> \In. & adj.\i \ILanguage\i\p\In.\i\pthe extinct eastern group of Germanic languages, including Gothic. \Iadj.\i of or relating to this group.
<hw>East Indiaman</hw>\p\In.\i\p\INaut\i \Ihist.\i a large ship engaged in trade with the East Indies.
<hw>East Indies</hw> \In.pl.\i \IGeog\i the islands etc. east of India, esp. the Malay archipelago.
<hw>easting</hw> \K/"i:stIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\INaut. etc.\i the distance travelled or the angle of longitude measured eastward from either a defined north-south grid line or a meridian.
<hw>east-north-east</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IGeog\i the direction or compass point midway between east and north-east.
<hw>east-south-east</hw>\p\In.\i\pthe direction or compass point midway between east and south-east.
<hw>eastward</hw> \K/"i:stw\F'\nd/\k \Iadj., adv., & n.\i \IGeog\i \Iadj. & adv.\i (also \Beastwards)\b towards the east.\p\In.\i\pan eastward direction or region. \Beastwardly\b \Iadj. & adv.\i
<hw>East-West</hw> \Iattrib.adj.\i of or relating to countries of the East and the West \3(East-West relations).\c\Knew f. corpus Oct 93\k
<hw>easy</hw> \K/"i:zi/\k \Iadj., adv., & int.\i \B(easier,\b \Beasiest)\b \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b not difficult; achieved without great effort.\p\B2\b \Ba\b free from pain, discomfort, anxiety, etc. \Bb\b comfortably off, affluent \3(easy circumstances).\c\p\B3\b free from embarrassment, awkwardness, constraint, etc.; relaxed and pleasant \3(an easy manner).\c\p\B4\b compliant, obliging; easily persuaded \3(an easy touch).\c\p\B5\b \IStock Exch.\i (of goods, money on loan, etc.) not much in demand. \Iadv.\i with ease; in an effortless or relaxed manner. \Iint.\i go carefully; move gently.\p\1easy as pie\c \Isee\i \J\Xpie\x (1).\j\p\1easy come easy go\c \Icolloq.\i what is easily got is soon lost or spent.\p\1easy does it\c \Icolloq.\i go carefully.\p\1easy of access\c easily entered or approached.\p\1easy on the eye\c (or \Bear\b etc.) \Icolloq.\i pleasant to look at (or listen to etc.).\p\1go easy\c \I(usu. foll. by \Bwith,\b \Bon)\b\i be sparing or cautious.\p\1I'm easy\c \Icolloq.\i I have no preference.\p\1of easy virtue\c (of a woman) sexually promiscuous.\p\1stand easy!\c \BBrit.\b \IMil.\i permission to a squad standing at ease to relax their attitude further.\p\1take it easy\c\p\B1\b proceed gently or carefully.\p\B2\b relax; avoid overwork. \Beasiness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Anglo-French \IaisΘ,\i Old French \IaisiΘ,\i past part. of \Iaisier\i \J\Xease\x\j\c
<hw>easy chair</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IFurniture\i a large comfortable chair, usu. an armchair.
<hw>easygoing</hw> \K/i:zI"g\F'\nUIN/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b placid and tolerant; relaxed in manner; accepting things as they are.\p\B2\b \IRiding\i (of a horse) having an easy gait.
<hw>easy money</hw>\p\In.\i\pmoney got without effort (esp. of dubious legality).
<hw>easy-peasy</hw> \K/i:zI"pi:zi/\k \Iadj.\i \BBrit.\b \Islang\i very simple. \BEtymology:\b \3reduplication of \J\Xeasy\x\j\c
<hw>easy terms</hw> \In.pl.\i \ICommerce\i payment by instalments.
<hw>easy touch</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Islang\i a gullible person, esp. one easily induced to part with money.
<hw>eat</hw> \K/i:t/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\I(past\i \Bate\b \K/Et/, /eIt/\k; \Ipast part.\i \Beaten\b \K/"i:t(\F'\n)n/\k)\p\B1\b \Ba\b \Itr.\i take into the mouth, chew, and swallow (food). \Bb\b \Iintr.\i consume food; take a meal. \Bc\b \Itr.\i devour \3(eaten by a lion).\c\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \B(away) at,\b \Binto)\b\i \Ba\b destroy gradually, esp. by corrosion, erosion, disease, etc. \Bb\b begin to consume or diminish (resources etc.).\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \Icolloq.\i trouble, vex \3(what's eating you?).\c\p\Beat dirt\b \Isee\i \J\Xdirt\x.\j\p\1eat one's hat\c \Icolloq.\i admit one's surprise in being wrong \I(only as a proposition unlikely to be fulfilled:\i \2said he would eat his hat).\c\p\1eat one's heart out\c suffer from excessive longing or envy.\p\1eat humble pie\c \Isee\i \J\Xhumble\x.\j\p\Beat out\b have a meal away from home, esp. in a restaurant.\p\1eat out of a person's hand\c be entirely submissive to a person.\p\1eat salt with\c \Isee\i \J\Xsalt\x.\j\p\Beat up\b\p\B1\b \I(also \Babsol.)\b\i eat or consume completely.\p\B2\b use or deal with rapidly or wastefully \3(eats up petrol;\c \2eats up the miles).\c\p\B3\b encroach upon or annex \3(eating up the neighbouring states).\c\p\B4\b absorb, preoccupy \3(eaten up with pride).\c\p\1eat one's words\c admit that one was wrong. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ietan,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>eatable</hw> \K/"i:t\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IFood\i \Iadj.\i that is in a condition to be eaten \I(cf.\i \J\Xedible\x).\j\p\In.\i\p\I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i food.
<hw>eater</hw> \K/"i:t\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person who eats \3(a big eater).\c\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b \IFood\i an eating apple etc.
<hw>eatery</hw> \K/"i:t\F'\nri/\k\p\In.\i\p\Besp. N. Amer.\b \I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IFood\i \Icolloq.\i a restaurant or eating place.
<hw>eating</hw> \K/"i:tIN/\k \Iadj.\i \IFood\i\p\B1\b suitable for eating \3(eating apple).\c\p\B2\b used for eating \3(eating house).\c\p\B3\b of or relating to the process of eating \3(eating habits;\c \2eating disorders).\c\Ksense 3 new f. corpus Nov 94\k
<hw>eau de Cologne</hw> \K/\F'\nU d\F'\n k\F'\n"l\F'\nUn/\k\p\In.\i\pan alcohol-based perfume of a kind made originally at Cologne. \BEtymology:\b \3French, literally 'water of Cologne'\c
<hw>eau-de-Nil</hw> \K/\F'\nUd\F'\n"ni:l/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\pa pale greenish colour. \Iadj.\i of this colour.\Kadj. new f. corpus Oct 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3French, literally 'water of the Nile' (from the supposed resemblance)\c
<hw>eaves</hw> \K/i:vz/\k \In.pl.\i \IArchit\i the underside of a projecting roof. \BEtymology:\b \3originally sing., from Old English \Iefes:\i probably related to \J\Xover\x\j\c
<hw>eavesdrop</hw> \K/"i:vzdrQp/\k \Iv.intr.\i \B(-dropped,\b \B-dropping)\b listen secretly to a private conversation. \Beavesdropper\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3from an earlier noun \Ieavesdrop\i 'the ground on to which water drips from the eaves', probably from Old Norse \Iupsardropi;\i \Ieavesdropper\i originally 'a person who listens by the wall (in the eavesdrop)': the modern verb by back-formation from eavesdropper\c
<hw>ebb</hw> \K/Eb/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \INaut\i the movement of the tide out to sea \I(also \Battrib.:\b\i \2ebb tide).\c\p\B2\b the process of draining away of flood-water etc. \Iv.intr.\i \I(often foll. by \Baway)\b\i\p\B1\b (of tidewater) flow out to sea; recede; drain away.\p\B2\b decline; run low \3(his life was ebbing away).\c\p\1at a low ebb\c in a poor condition or state of decline.\p\1ebb and flow\c a continuing process of decline and upturn in circumstances.\p\1on the ebb\c in decline. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iebba,\i \Iebbian\i\c
<hw>ebony</hw> \K/"Eb(\F'\n)ni/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IBot\i\p\B1\b a heavy hard dark wood used for furniture.\p\B2\b any of various tropical trees of the genus \IDiospyros\i producing this. \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b made of ebony.\p\B2\b black like ebony. \BEtymology:\b \3ultimately from Latin \Iebenus,\i Greek \Iebenos\i 'ebony tree', perhaps on the pattern of \Iivory\i\c
<hw>EC</hw> \Iabbr.\i\p\B1\b East Central (London postal district).\p\B2\b executive committee.\p\B3\b \IEcon Polit\i \Ba\b European Community. \Bb\b European Commission. The term \IEC\i meaning 'European Community' was replaced by \IEU\i 'European Union' in November 1993.
<hw>ecad</hw> \K/"i:kad/\k\p\In.\i\p\IEcol.\i an organism modified by its environment. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ioikos\i 'house' + \J\X-ad\x (1)\j\c
<hw>ΘcartΘ</hw> \K/eI"kA:teI/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ICards\i a card game for two persons in which cards from a player's hand may be exchanged for others from the pack.\p\B2\b \IBallet\i a position in classical ballet with one arm and leg extended. \BEtymology:\b \3French, past part. of \IΘcarter\i 'discard'\c
<hw>Ecce Homo</hw> \K/EkeI "hQm\F'\nU/, /"h\F'\nUm\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\IArt\i (in Renaissance painting) a depiction of Christ wearing the crown of thorns. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = 'behold the man', the words of Pilate to the Jews after the crowning with thorns (John 19:5)\c
<hw>eccentric</hw> \K/Ik"sEntrIk/, /Ek-/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b odd or capricious in behaviour or appearance; whimsical.\p\B2\b (also \Bexcentric)\b \IMath Geom\i \Ba\b not placed, or not having its axis etc. placed, centrally \I(cf.\i \J\Xconcentric\x).\j \Bb\b \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i (of a circle) not concentric (with another). \Bc\b (of an orbit) not circular.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an eccentric person.\p\B2\b (also \Bexcentric)\b \IMech.\i an eccentric contrivance for changing rotatory into backward-and-forward motion, e.g. the cam used in an internal-combustion engine. \Beccentrically\b \Iadv.\i \Beccentricity\b \K/-"trIsIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies).\b \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Ieccentricus\i from Greek \Iekkentros,\i from \Iek\i 'out of' + \Ikentros\i \J\Xcentre\x\j\c
<hw>ecchymosis</hw> \K/EkI"m\F'\nUsIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Becchymoses\b \K/-si:z/\k) \IMed.\i an area of discoloration due to bleeding under the skin.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Jan 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from Greek \Iekkhumosis\i 'escape of blood'\c
<hw>Eccles cake</hw> \K/"Ek(\F'\n)lz/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IFood\i a round flat cake made of pastry filled with currants etc. \BEtymology:\b \3\IEccles,\i a town in N. England\c
<hw>ecclesiastic</hw> \K/I%kli:zI"astIk/\k \In. & adj.\i \IEccl\i\p\In.\i\pa priest or clergyman. \Iadj.\i = \J\Xecclesiastical\x.\j \Becclesiasticism\b \K/-sIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \IecclΘsiastique\i or Late Latin \Iecclesiasticus\i from Greek \Iekklesiastikos,\i from \Iekklesia\i 'assembly, church': see \J\Xecclesial\x\j\c
<hw>ecclesiastical</hw> \K/I%kli:zI"astIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \IEccl\i of or relating to the Church or the clergy. \Becclesiastically\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>ecclesiology</hw> \K/I%kli:zI"Ql\F'\ndZi/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IEccl Archit\i the study of churches, esp. church building and decoration.\p\B2\b theology as applied to the nature and structure of the Christian Church. \Becclesiological\b \K/-zI\F'\n"lQdZIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Becclesiologist\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iekklesia\i 'assembly, church' (see \J\Xecclesial\x)\j + \J\X-logy\x\j\c
<hw>eccrine</hw> \K/"EkrVIn/, /-krIn/\k \Iadj.\i \IPhysiol\i (of a gland, e.g. a sweat gland) secreting without loss of cell material. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iek\i 'out of' + \Ikrino\i 'sift'\c
<hw>ecdysis</hw> \K/"EkdIsIs/, /Ek"dVIsIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysiol Zool\i the action of casting off skin or shedding an exoskeleton etc. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from Greek \Iekdusis,\i from \Iekduo\i 'put off'\c
<hw>ECG</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IMed\i electrocardiogram.
<hw>echelon</hw> \K/"ES\F'\nlQn/, /"eIS-/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a level or rank in an organization, in society, etc.; those occupying it \I(often in \Bpl.:\b\i \2the upper echelons).\c\p\B2\b \IMil.\i a formation of troops, ships, aircraft, etc., in parallel rows with the end of each row projecting further than the one in front \3(in echelon).\c \Iv.tr.\i arrange in an echelon. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IΘchelon\i from \IΘchelle\i 'ladder', from Latin \Iscala\i\c
<hw>echeveria</hw> \K/EtSI"vI\F'\nrI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i any succulent plant of the genus \IEcheveria,\i native to Central and S. America. \BEtymology:\b \3named after M. \IEcheveri,\i 19th-c. Mexican botanical illustrator\c
<hw>echidna</hw> \K/I"kIdn\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i an egg-laying insectivorous mammal of the genus \ITachyglossus\i or \IZaglossus,\i native to Australia and New Guinea, with a covering of spines, a long snout, and long claws. \IAlso called\i \Ispiny anteater.\i \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin, from Greek \Iekhidna\i 'viper'\c
<hw>echinoderm</hw> \K/I"kVIn\F'\n(U)d\F'\n:m/, /"EkIn-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i any marine invertebrate of the phylum Echinodermata, which includes starfishes, sea urchins, brittle-stars, crinoids, and sea cucumbers, typically having five-fold symmetry, a calcareous skeleton, and tube feet operated by water pressure. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xechinus\x\j + Greek \Iderma -atos\i 'skin'\c
<hw>echinoid</hw> \K/"EkInOId/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a sea urchin.
<hw>echinus</hw> \K/I"kVIn\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool\i any sea urchin of the genus \IEchinus,\i including the common European edible urchin, E. esculentus.\p\B2\b \IArchit.\i a rounded moulding below an abacus on a Doric or Ionic capital. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Latin from Greek \Iekhinos\i 'hedgehog, sea urchin'\c
<hw>echo</hw> \K/"Ek\F'\nU/\k \In. & v.\i \IPhysics\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-oes)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b the repetition of a sound by the reflection of sound waves. \Bb\b the secondary sound produced.\p\B2\b \IRadio\i a reflected radio or radar beam.\p\B3\b a close imitation or repetition of something already done.\p\B4\b a person who slavishly repeats the words or opinions of another.\p\B5\b \I(often in \Bpl.)\b\i circumstances or events reminiscent of or remotely connected with earlier ones.\p\B6\b \IBridge etc.\i a conventional mode of play to show the number of cards held in the suit led etc.\p\Iv.\i\p\B(-oes,\b \B-oed)\b\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \Ba\b (of a place) resound with an echo. \Bb\b (of a sound) be repeated; resound.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i repeat (a sound) by an echo.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b repeat (another's words). \Bb\b imitate the words, opinions, or actions of (a person). \Bechoer\b\p\In.\i\p\Becholess\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French or Latin from Greek \Iekho,\i related to \Iekhe\i 'a sound'\c
<hw>echocardiogram</hw> \K/Ek\F'\nU"kA:dI\F'\ngram/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed.\i a record produced by echocardiography.
<hw>echocardiography</hw> \K/%Ek\F'\nUkA:dI"Qgr\F'\nfi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed.\i the use of ultrasound waves to investigate the action of the heart. \Bechocardiograph\b \K/Ek\F'\nU"kA:dI\F'\ngrA:f/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bechocardiographer\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>echo chamber</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i an enclosure with sound-reflecting walls.
<hw>echoencephalogram</hw> \K/%Ek\F'\nUEn"sEf(\F'\n)l\F'\n(U)gram/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed.\i a record produced by echoencephalography.
<hw>echoencephalography</hw> \K/%Ek\F'\nUEnsEf\F'\n"lQgr\F'\nfi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed.\i the use of ultrasound waves to investigate intracranial structures.
<hw>echoey</hw> \K/"Ek\F'\nUi/\k \Iadj.\i of or like an echo; resounding with echoes.\Knew f. NSOED, Incs Oct 94\k
<hw>echogram</hw> \K/"Ek\F'\nUgram/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i a record made by an echo sounder.
<hw>echograph</hw> \K/"Ek\F'\nUgrA:f/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i a device for automatically recording echograms.
<hw>echoic</hw> \K/E"k\F'\nUIk/\k \Iadj.\i \ILinguistics\i (of a word) imitating the sound it represents; onomatopoeic. \Bechoically\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>echolalia</hw> \K/Ek\F'\nU"leIlI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i\p\B1\b the meaningless repetition of another person's spoken words.\p\B2\b the repetition of speech by a child learning to talk. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin, from Greek \Iekho\i 'echo' + \Ilalia\i 'talk'\c
<hw>echolocation</hw> \K/"Ek\F'\n(U)l\F'\n(U)%keIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i the location of objects by reflected sound, esp. ultrasound.
<hw>echo sounder</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i a sounding apparatus for determining the depth of the sea beneath a ship by measuring the time taken for an echo to be received. \Becho-sounding\b\p\In.\i\p\I(often \Battrib.).\b\i\Kecho-sounding subsumed in COD9 Aug 92\k
<hw>echo verse</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IProsody\i a verse form in which a line repeats the last syllables of the previous line.
<hw>echovirus</hw> \K/"Ek\F'\nUvVIr\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \BECHO virus)\b \IBiol\i any of a group of enteroviruses sometimes causing mild meningitis, encephalitis, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3from \Ie\interic \Ic\iytopathogenic \Ih\iuman \Io\irphan (because not originally assignable to any known disease) + \J\Xvirus\x\j\c
\B\Iecht\b\i \K/Ext/, German /eCt/\k \Iadj.\i authentic, genuine, typical. \BEtymology:\b \3German\c
<hw>Θclair</hw> \K/eI"klE:/, /I-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFood Cookery\i a small elongated cake of choux pastry filled with cream and iced with chocolate or coffee icing. \BEtymology:\b \3French, literally 'lightning'\c
\B\IΘclaircissement\b\i \K/eIklE:"si:smQ~/, French /eklErsismA~/\k\p\In.\i\p\Iarchaic\i an enlightening explanation of something hitherto inexplicable (e.g. conduct etc.). \BEtymology:\b \3French from \IΘclaircir\i 'clear up'\c
<hw>eclampsia</hw> \K/I"klam(p)sI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a condition involving convulsions leading to coma, occurring esp. in pregnant women. \Beclamptic\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin via French \Ieclampsie\i from Greek \Ieklampsis\i 'sudden development', from \Ieklampo\i 'shine forth'\c
<hw>Θclat</hw> \K/E"klA:/, /"eIklA:/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b brilliant display; dazzling effect.\p\B2\b social distinction; conspicuous success; universal approbation \3(with great Θclat).\c \BEtymology:\b \3French from \IΘclater\i 'burst out'\c
<hw>eclectic</hw> \K/I"klEktIk/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b deriving ideas, tastes, style, etc., from various sources.\p\B2\b \IPhilos.\i & \IArt\i selecting one's beliefs etc. from various sources; attached to no particular school of philosophy.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an eclectic person.\p\B2\b a person who subscribes to an eclectic school of thought. \Beclectically\b \Iadv.\i \Beclecticism\b \K/-sIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ieklektikos\i from \Ieklego\i 'pick out'\c
<hw>eclipse</hw> \K/I"klIps/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IAstron\i the obscuring of the light from one celestial body by the passage of another between it and the observer or between it and its source of illumination.\p\B2\b a deprivation of light or the period of this.\p\B3\b a rapid or sudden loss of importance or prominence, esp. in relation to another or a newly arrived person or thing.\p\B4\b \IZool.\i a phase during which a bird's distinctive markings are obscured by moulting of the breeding plumage.\Ksense 4 new f. NSOED, Coll. Jan 94\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \IAstron\i (of a celestial body) obscure the light from or to (another).\p\B2\b intercept (light, esp. of a lighthouse).\p\B3\b deprive of prominence or importance; outshine, surpass.\p\1in eclipse\c\p\B1\b surpassed; in decline.\p\B2\b \IZool\i (of a bird) having lost its breeding plumage.\Keclipser omitted Oct 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French and Latin from Greek \Iekleipsis,\i from \Iekleipo\i 'fail to appear, be eclipsed', from \Ileipo\i 'leave'\c
<hw>eclipsing binary</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAstron.\i a binary star whose brightness varies periodically as the two components pass one in front of the other.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Jan 94\k
<hw>ecliptic</hw> \K/I"klIptIk/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\IAstron\i the sun's apparent path among the stars during the year. \Iadj.\i \IAstron\i of an eclipse or the ecliptic. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Latin from Greek \Iekleiptikos\i (as \J\Xeclipse\x)\j\c
<hw>eclogue</hw> \K/"EklQg/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILiterature\i a short poem, esp. a pastoral dialogue. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iecloga\i from Greek \Iekloge\i 'selection', from \Ieklego\i 'pick out'\c
<hw>eclosion</hw> \K/I"kl\F'\nUZ(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i the emergence of an insect from a pupa-case or of a larva from an egg. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IΘclosion\i from \IΘclore\i 'hatch' (as \J\Xex-\x (1),\j Latin \Iclaudere\i 'to close')\c
<hw>ecocide</hw> \K/"i:k\F'\n(U)sVId/\k\p\In.\i\p\IEcol\i destruction of the natural environment.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Jan 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xeco-\x\j + \J\X-cide\x\j\c
<hw>ecoclimate</hw> \K/"i:k\F'\nUklVIm\F'\nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IEcol\i climate considered as an ecological factor.
<hw>eco-friendly</hw> \K/i:k\F'\nU"frEn(d)li/\k \Iadj.\i \IEcol\i not harmful to the environment.\Knew f. corpus, SOED Oct 93\k
<hw>eco-label</hw> \K/"i:k\F'\nUleIb(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce Ecol\i a label identifying manufactured products that satisfy certain environmental conditions. \Beco-labelling\b\p\In.\i\p\Knew f. SOED, corpus Oct 93\k
<hw>ecology</hw> \K/I"kQl\F'\ndZi/, /E-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiol Ecol\i\p\B1\b the branch of biology dealing with the relations of organisms to one another and to their physical surroundings.\p\B2\b (in full \Bhuman ecology)\b the study of the interaction of people with their environment. \Becological\b \K/i:k\F'\n"lQdZIk(\F'\n)l/, /Ek-/\k \Iadj.\i \Becologically\b \K/i:k\F'\n"lQdZIk(\F'\n)li/, /Ek-/\k \Iadv.\i \Becologist\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3German \IOkologie,\i from Greek \Ioikos\i 'house'\c
<hw>Econ.</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IEcon\i Economics.
<hw>econometrics</hw> \K/I%kQn\F'\n"mEtrIks/\k \In.pl.\i \I(usu. treated as \Bsing.)\b\i \IEcon\i a branch of economics concerned with the application of mathematical economics to economic data by the use of statistics. \Beconometric\b \Iadj.\i \Beconometrical\b \Iadj.\i \Beconometrician\b \K/-m\F'\n"trIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Beconometrist\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xeconomy\x\j + \J\X-metric\x\j\c
<hw>economic</hw> \K/i:k\F'\n"nQmIk/, /Ek-/\k \Iadj.\i \IEcon\i\p\B1\b of or relating to economics.\p\B2\b maintained for profit; on a business footing.\p\B3\b adequate to repay or recoup expenditure with some profit \3(not economic to run buses on Sunday;\c \2an economic rent).\c\p\B4\b practical; considered or studied with regard to human needs \3(economic geography).\c \Beconomically\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ieconomique\i or Latin \Ioeconomicus\i from Greek \Ioikonomikos\i (as \J\Xeconomy\x)\j\c
<hw>economical</hw> \K/i:k\F'\n"nQmIk(\F'\n)l/, /Ek-/\k \Iadj.\i sparing in the use of resources; avoiding waste. \Beconomically\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>economics</hw> \K/i:k\F'\n"nQmIks/, /Ek-/\k \In.pl.\i \I(often treated as \Bsing.)\b\i \IEcon\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the science of the production and distribution of wealth. \Bb\b the application of this to a particular subject \3(the economics of publishing).\c\p\B2\b the condition of a country etc. as regards material prosperity.
<hw>economies of scale</hw> \In.pl.\i proportionate savings gained by using larger quantities.
<hw>economist</hw> \K/I"kQn\F'\nmIst/\k\p\In.\i\p\IEcon\i\p\B1\b an expert in or student of economics.\p\B2\b a person who manages financial or economic matters. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ioikonomos\i (as \J\Xeconomy\x)\j + \J\X-ist\x\j\c
<hw>economize</hw> \K/I"kQn\F'\nmVIz/\k \Iv.intr.\i (also \B-ise)\b\p\B1\b be economical; make economies; reduce expenditure.\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bon)\b\i use sparingly; spend less on. \Beconomization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Beconomizer\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>economy</hw> \K/I"kQn\F'\nmi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \IEcon\i \Ba\b the wealth and resources of a community, esp. in terms of the production and consumption of goods and services. \Bb\b a particular kind of this \3(a capitalist economy).\c \Bc\b the administration or condition of an economy.\p\B2\b \Ba\b the careful management of (esp. financial) resources; frugality. \Bb\b \I(often in \Bpl.)\b\i an instance of this \3(made many economies).\c\p\B3\b sparing or careful use \3(economy of language).\c\p\B4\b (also \Beconomy class)\b \ITransport\i the cheapest class of air travel.\p\B5\b (also \Beconomy-size)\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i \ICommerce\i (of goods) consisting of a large quantity for a proportionally lower cost. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IΘconomie\i or Latin \Ioeconomia\i from Greek \Ioikonomia\i 'household management', from \Ioikos\i 'house' + \Inemo\i 'manage'\c
<hw>ecosphere</hw> \K/"i:k\F'\nUsfI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IEcol\i\p\B1\b the region of space including planets where conditions are such that living things can exist.\p\B2\b = \J\Xbiosphere\x.\j\Ksense 2 new f. NSOED, Coll. Jan 94\k
<hw>Θcossaise</hw> \K/EkQ"seIz/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IDance\i an energetic dance in duple time.\p\B2\b \IMus\i the music for this. \BEtymology:\b \3French, fem. of \IΘcossais\i 'Scottish'\c
<hw>ecosystem</hw> \K/"i:k\F'\nUsIst\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IEcol\i a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.
<hw>eco-terrorism</hw> \K/i:k\F'\nU"tEr\F'\nrIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IEcol\i violence carried out to further environmentalist ends. \Beco-terrorist\b\p\In.\i\p\Knew in COD9 f. News Mar 94\k
<hw>ecotourism</hw> \K/i:k\F'\nU"tU\F'\nrIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\ptourism directed towards exotic, often threatened, natural environments, esp. intended to support conservation efforts.\Knew f. Incs Oct 94\k \Becotourist\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>ecotype</hw> \K/"i:k\F'\nUtVIp/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiol.\i a distinct form of a species occupying a particular habitat.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Jan 94\k
<hw>ecru</hw> \K/"eIkru:/, /E"kru:/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\pthe colour of unbleached linen; light fawn. \Iadj.\i of this colour.\Kadj. new f. SOED Nov 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3French \IΘcru\i 'unbleached'\c
<hw>ecstasize</hw> \K/"Ekst\F'\nsVIz/\k \Iv.tr. & intr.\i (also \B-ise)\b throw or go into ecstasies.
<hw>ecstasy</hw> \K/"Ekst\F'\nsi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b an overwhelming feeling of joy or rapture.\p\B2\b \IPsychol.\i an emotional or religious frenzy or trance-like state.\p\B3\b (usu. \BEcstasy)\b \IChem\i \Islang\i methylenedioxymethamphetamine, a powerful stimulant and hallucinatory drug (see \J\XMDMA\x).\j \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iextasie\i and Late Latin \Iextasis\i from Greek \Iekstasis\i 'standing outside oneself', from \Iek\i 'out' + \Ihistemi\i 'to place'\c
<hw>ecstatic</hw> \K/Ik"statIk/, /Ek-/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b in a state of ecstasy.\p\B2\b very enthusiastic or excited \3(was ecstatic about his new job).\c\p\B3\b producing ecstasy; sublime \3(an ecstatic embrace).\c\p\In.\i\pa person subject to (usu. religious) ecstasy. \Becstatically\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iextatique\i from Greek \Iekstatikos\i (as \J\Xecstasy\x)\j\c
<hw>ectoderm</hw> \K/"Ekt\F'\n(U)d\F'\n:m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool.\i the outermost layer of an embryo in early development. \Bectodermal\b \K/-"d\F'\n:m(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i
<hw>ectogenesis</hw> \K/Ekt\F'\n(U)"dZEnIsIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiol.\i the production of structures outside the organism. \Bectogenetic\b \K/-dZI"nEtIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Bectogenic\b \K/-"dZEnIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Bectogenous\b \K/Ek"tQdZIn\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin (as \J\Xecto-\x,\j \J\Xgenesis\x)\j\c
<hw>ectomorph</hw> \K/"Ekt\F'\n(U)mO:f/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysiol\i a person with a lean and delicate build of body and large skin surface in comparison with weight \I(cf.\i \J\Xendomorph\x,\j \J\Xmesomorph\x).\j \Bectomorphic\b \K/-"mO:fIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Bectomorphy\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xecto-\x\j + Greek \Imorphe\i 'form'\c
<hw>-ectomy</hw> \K/"Ekt\F'\nmi/\k \Icomb. form\i \ISurgery\i denoting a surgical operation in which a part of the body is removed \3(appendectomy).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iektome\i 'excision', from \Iek\i 'out' + \Itemno\i 'cut'\c
<hw>ectoparasite</hw> \K/Ekt\F'\nU"par\F'\nsVIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiol.\i a parasite that lives on the outside of its host.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. replacing ectozoon Jan 94\k
<hw>ectopic</hw> \K/Ek"tQpIk/\k \Iadj.\i \IMed.\i in an abnormal place or position. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \Iectopia\i from Greek \Iektopos\i 'out of place'\c
<hw>ectopic pregnancy</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a pregnancy occurring outside the womb.
<hw>ectoplasm</hw> \K/"Ekt\F'\n(U)plaz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBiol\i the dense outer layer of the cytoplasm \I(cf.\i \J\Xendoplasm\x).\j\p\B2\b a supposed viscous substance exuding from the body of a medium during a spiritualistic trance. \Bectoplasmic\b \K/-"plazmIk/\k \Iadj.\i
<hw>ecu</hw> \K/"Ekju:/, /"i:-/, /"eI-/; /-ku:/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i same or \Becus)\b (also \BEcu,\b \BECU)\b \ICurrencyEcon\i European Currency Unit. \BEtymology:\b \3acronym\c
<hw>ecumenical</hw> \K/i:kjU"mEnIk(\F'\n)l/, /E-/\k \Iadj.\i \IEccl\i of or representing the whole Christian world, esp. seeking or promoting worldwide Christian unity. \Becumenically\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Ioecumenicus\i from Greek \Ioikoumenikos\i 'of the inhabited earth' \I(oikoumene)\i\c
<hw>ecumenism</hw> \K/I"kju:m\F'\nnIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IEccl\i the principle or aim of the unity of Christians worldwide, transcending differences of doctrine.\Kecumenicalism Oct 93\k
<hw>eczema</hw> \K/"EksIm\F'\n/, /"EkzIm\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i inflammation of the skin, with itching and discharge from blisters. \Beczematous\b \K/Ek"zi:m\F'\nt\F'\ns/, /Ek"zEm-/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from Greek \Iekzema -atos,\i from \Iek\i 'out' + \Izeo\i 'boil'\c
<hw>-ed (1)</hw> \K/d/, /Id/, /t/\k \Isuffix\i forming adjectives:\p\B1\b from nouns, meaning 'having, wearing, affected by, etc.' \3(talented;\c \2trousered;\c \2diseased).\c\p\B2\b from phrases of adjective and noun \3(good-humoured;\c \2three-cornered).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Old English -\Iede\i\c
<hw>-ed (2)</hw> \K/d/, /Id/, /t/\k \Isuffix\i forming:\p\B1\b the past tense and past participle of weak verbs \3(needed;\c \2risked).\c\p\B2\b participial adjectives \3(escaped prisoner;\c \2a pained look).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \I-ed,\i \I-ad,\i \I-od\i\c
<hw>Edam</hw> \K/"i:dam/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFood\i a round Dutch cheese, usu. pale yellow with a red wax coating. \BEtymology:\b \3\IEdam,\i a town in the Netherlands, where it is made\c
<hw>edaphic</hw> \K/I"dafIk/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IBot.\i of or relating to the soil.\p\B2\b \IEcol.\i produced or influenced by the soil. \BEtymology:\b \3German \Iedaphisch,\i from Greek \Iedaphos\i 'floor'\c
<hw>Edda</hw> \K/"Ed\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILiterature\i\p\B1\b (also \BElder Edda,\b \BPoetic Edda)\b a collection of medieval Icelandic poems on Norse legends.\p\B2\b (also \BYounger Edda,\b \BProse Edda)\b a 13th-c. miscellaneous handbook to Icelandic poetry. \BEtymology:\b \3perhaps a name in a Norse poem or from Old Norse \I≤thr\i 'poetry'\c
<hw>eddy</hw> \K/"Edi/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b a circular movement of water causing a small whirlpool.\p\B2\b a movement of wind, fog, or smoke resembling this. \Iv.tr. & intr.\i \B(-ies,\b \B-ied)\b whirl round in eddies. \BEtymology:\b \3probably Old English prefix \Ied-\i 'again, back', perhaps of Scandinavian origin\c
<hw>eddy current</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IElectr.\i a localized current induced in a conductor by a varying magnetic field.
<hw>edelweiss</hw> \K/"eId(\F'\n)lvVIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i an Alpine plant, Leontopodium alpinum, with woolly white bracts around the flower heads, growing in rocky places. \BEtymology:\b \3German from \Iedel\i 'noble' + \Iweiss\i 'white'\c
<hw>Eden</hw> \K/"i:d(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \BGarden of Eden)\b \IBibl\i a place or state of great happiness; paradise (with reference to the abode of Adam and Eve in the biblical account of the Creation). \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Late Latin and Greek \IEden\i from Hebrew '\Ieden,\i originally = delight\c
<hw>edentate</hw> \K/I"dEnteIt/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IZool\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b having no or few teeth.\p\B2\b \IZool.\i of or belonging to the order Edentata (or Xenarthra) of mammals lacking incisor and canine teeth, including anteaters, sloths, and armadillos.\Ksense 2 of adj. new f. OERD, NSOED Jun 94\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool.\i an edentate mammal. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iedentatus\i (as \J\Xe-\x,\j \Idens dentis\i 'tooth')\c
<hw>edge</hw> \K/EdZ/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a boundary line or margin of an area or surface.\p\B2\b a narrow surface of a thin object.\p\B3\b \IGeom\i the meeting-line of two surfaces of a solid.\p\B4\b \Ba\b the sharpened side of the blade of a cutting instrument or weapon. \Bb\b the sharpness of this \3(the knife has lost its edge).\c\p\B5\b the area close to a steep drop \3(along the edge of the cliff).\c\p\B6\b anything compared to an edge, esp. the crest of a ridge.\p\B7\b \Ba\b (as a personal attribute) incisiveness, excitement. \Bb\b keenness, excitement (esp. as an element in an otherwise routine situation).\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr. & intr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bin,\b \Binto,\b \Bout,\b etc.)\i move gradually or furtively towards an objective \3(edged it into the corner;\c \2they edged towards the door).\c\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b provide with an edge or border. \Bb\b form a border to. \Bc\b trim the edge of.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i sharpen (a knife, tool, etc.).\p\B4\b \Itr.\i \ICricket\i strike (the ball) with the edge of the bat.\p\1have the edge on\c (or \Bover)\b have a slight advantage over.\p\1on edge\c\p\B1\b tense and restless or irritable.\p\B2\b eager, excited.\p\1on the edge of\c almost involved in or affected by.\p\1set a person's teeth on edge\c (of a taste or sound) cause an unpleasant nervous sensation.\p\1take the edge off\c dull, weaken; make less effective or intense. \Bedgeless\b \Iadj.\i \Bedger\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iecg,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>edge-tool</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ITools\i\p\B1\b a hand-worked or machine-operated cutting tool.\p\B2\b any implement with a sharp cutting edge.\Knew f. SOED, corpus Oct 93\k
<hw>edgeways</hw> \K/"EdZweIz/\k \Iadv.\i (also \Bedgewise\b \K/-wVIz/\k)\p\B1\b with the edge uppermost or towards the viewer.\p\B2\b edge to edge.\p\1get a word in edgeways\c contribute to a conversation when the dominant speaker pauses briefly.
<hw>edging</hw> \K/"EdZIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b something forming an edge or border, e.g. a fringe or strip of lace.\p\B2\b the process of making an edge.
<hw>edging shears</hw> \In.pl.\i \IHort\i shears for trimming the edges of a lawn.
<hw>edible</hw> \K/"EdIb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i fit or suitable to be eaten \I(cf.\i \J\Xeatable\x).\j\p\In.\i\p\I(in \Bpl.)\b\i food. \Bedibility\b \K/-"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Iedibilis\i from \Iedere\i 'eat'\c
<hw>edict</hw> \K/"i:dIkt/\k\p\In.\i\pan order proclaimed by authority. \Bedictal\b \K/I"dIkt(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Iedictum,\i from \Iedicere\i 'proclaim'\c
<hw>edifice</hw> \K/"EdIfIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a building, esp. a large imposing one.\p\B2\b a complex organizational or conceptual structure. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Iaedificium,\i from \Iaedis\i 'dwelling' + -\Ificium\i from \Ifacere\i 'make'\c
<hw>edify</hw> \K/"EdIfVI/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(-ies,\b \B-ied)\b (of a circumstance, experience, etc.) instruct and improve morally or intellectually. \Bedification\b \K/-fI"keIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bedifying\b \Iadj.\i \Bedifyingly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iedifier\i from Latin \Iaedificare\i (as \J\Xedifice\x)\j\c
<hw>edit</hw> \K/"EdIt/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.tr.\i \B(edited,\b \Bediting)\b\p\B1\b \IPublishing\i \Ba\b assemble, prepare, modify, or condense (written material, esp. the work of another or others) for publication. \Bb\b prepare an edition of (an author's work).\p\B2\b be in overall charge of the content and arrangement of (a newspaper etc.).\p\B3\b \ICinematog Broadcasting\i take extracts from and collate (films, tape recordings, etc.) to form a unified sequence.\p\B4\b \IComputing\i \Ba\b prepare (data) for processing by a computer. \Bb\b alter (a text entered in a word processor etc.).\p\B5\b \Ba\b reword to correct, or to alter the emphasis. \Bb\b \I(foll. by \Bout)\b\i remove (part) from a text etc.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a piece of editing. \Bb\b an edited item.\p\B2\b a facility for editing. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IΘditer\i (as \J\Xedition\x):\j partly a back-formation from \J\Xeditor\x\j\c
<hw>edition</hw> \K/I"dIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPrinting Publishing\i \Ba\b one of the particular forms in which a text is published \3(paperback edition;\c \2pocket edition).\c \Bb\b a copy of a book in a particular form \3(a first edition).\c\p\B2\b \IPrinting\i a whole number of copies of a book, newspaper, etc., issued at one time.\p\B3\b \IBroadcasting Telev\i a particular version or instance of a broadcast, esp. of a regular programme or feature.\p\B4\b a person or thing similar to or resembling another \3(a miniature edition of her mother).\c \BEtymology:\b \3French \IΘdition\i from Latin \Ieditio -onis,\i from \Iedere edit-\i 'put out' (as \J\Xe-\x,\j \Idare\i 'give')\c
\B\Ieditio princeps\b\i \K/I%dISI\F'\nU "prInsEps/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B\Ieditiones principes\b\i \K/-%\F'\nUni:z -sIpi:z/\k) \IPrinting Publishing\i the first printed edition of a book, text, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin\c
<hw>editor</hw> \K/"EdIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPublishing Broadcasting\i a person who edits material for publication or broadcasting.\p\B2\b a person who directs the preparation of a newspaper or periodical, or a particular section of one \3(sports editor).\c\p\B3\b \IPublishing\i a person who selects or commissions material for publication.\p\B4\b \ICinematog\i a person who edits film, soundtrack, etc.\p\B5\b \IComputing\i a program enabling the user to alter or rearrange text held in a computer. \Beditorship\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin, = producer (of games), publisher (as \J\Xedit\x)\j\c
<hw>editorial</hw> \K/EdI"tO:rI\F'\nl/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IPublishing Journalism\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of or concerned with editing or editors.\p\B2\b written or approved by an editor.\p\In.\i\p\IJournalism\i a newspaper article written by or on behalf of an editor, esp. one giving an opinion on a topical issue. \Beditorialist\b\p\In.\i\p\Beditorialize\b \Iv.intr.\i (also \B-ise).\b \Beditorially\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>-edly</hw> \K/Idli/\k \Isuffix\i forming adverbs from verbs, meaning 'in a manner characterized by performance of or undergoing of the verbal action' \3(allegedly;\c \2disgustedly;\c \2hurriedly).\c
<hw>EDP</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IComputing\i electronic data processing.
<hw>EDT</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IHorol\i Eastern Daylight Time (one hour ahead of Eastern Standard Time).
<hw>EDTA</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IChem.\i ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid, a common chelating agent.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Jan 94\k
<hw>educate</hw> \K/"EdjUkeIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i \I(also \Babsol.)\b\i \IEducation\i\p\B1\b give intellectual, moral, and social instruction to (a pupil, esp. a child), esp. as a formal and prolonged process.\p\B2\b provide education for.\p\B3\b \I(often foll. by \Bin,\b or \Bto\b + infin.)\i train or instruct for a particular purpose.\p\B4\b advise; give information to. \Beducable\b \K/-k\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Beducability\b \K/-k\F'\n"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Beducatable\b \Iadj.\i \Beducative\b \K/-k\F'\ntIv/\k \Iadj.\i \Beducator\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ieducare educat-,\i related to \Ieducere\i \J\Xeduce\x\j\c
<hw>educated</hw> \K/"EdjUkeItId/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IEducation\i having had an education, esp. to a higher level than average.\p\B2\b resulting from a (good) education \3(an educated accent).\c\p\B3\b based on experience or study \3(an educated guess).\c
<hw>education</hw> \K/EdjU"keIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IEducation\i\p\B1\b the act or process of educating or being educated; systematic instruction.\p\B2\b a particular kind of or stage in education \3(further education;\c \2a classical education).\c\p\B3\b \Ba\b development of character or mental powers. \Bb\b a stage in or aspect of this \3(travel will be an education for you).\c \Beducational\b \Iadj.\i \Beducationalist\b\p\In.\i\p\Beducationally\b \Iadv.\i \Beducationist\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \IΘducation\i or Latin \Ieducatio\i (as \J\Xeducate\x)\j\c
<hw>educe</hw> \K/I"dju:s/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b bring out or develop from latent or potential existence; elicit.\p\B2\b infer; elicit a principle, number, etc., from data. \Beducible\b \Iadj.\i \Beduction\b \K/I"dVkS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Beductive\b \K/I"dVktIv/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Ieducere educt-\i 'lead out' (as \J\Xe-\x,\j \Iducere\i 'lead')\c
<hw>edutainment</hw> \K/EdjU"teInm(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBroadcasting\i entertainment with an educational aspect; infotainment.\KNew f. In comings Oct 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xeducation\x\j + \J\Xentertainment\x\j\c
<hw>Edw.</hw> \Iabbr.\i Edward.
<hw>Edwardian</hw> \K/Ed"wO:dI\F'\nn/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i of, characteristic of, or associated with the reign of King Edward VII (1901-10).\p\In.\i\pa person belonging to this period.
<hw>-ee</hw> \K/i:/\k \Isuffix\i forming nouns denoting:\p\B1\b the person affected by the verbal action \3(addressee;\c \2employee;\c \2lessee).\c\p\B2\b a person concerned with or described as \3(absentee;\c \2bargee;\c \2refugee).\c\p\B3\b an object of smaller size \3(bootee).\c \BEtymology:\b \3from or suggested by Anglo-French past part. ending \I-Θ,\i from Latin \I-atus\i\c
<hw>EEC</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IEcon\i European Economic Community. See Usage Note at \J\XEuropean Community\x.\j
<hw>eejit</hw> \K/"i:dZIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\Besp. Ir.\b & \BSc.\b \Idial.\i an idiot.\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED, News, corpus Mar 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3representing dialect pronunciation of \J\Xidiot\x\j\c
<hw>eel</hw> \K/i:l/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool\i any of various snakelike fish, with slender body and poorly developed fins, esp. one of the genus \IAnguilla\i living in fresh water and breeding in the sea.\p\B2\b a slippery or evasive person or thing. \Beel-like\b \Iadj.\i \Beely\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iµl,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>eelgrass</hw> \K/"i:lgrA:s/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b any marine plant of the genus \IZostera,\i with long ribbon-like leaves.\p\B2\b any submerged freshwater plant of the genus \IVallisneria.\i
<hw>eelpout</hw> \K/"i:lpaUt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a fish of the family Zoarcidae, with a slender body and dorsal and anal fins meeting to fuse with the tail. \IAlso called\i \Ipout.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iµleputa\i (as \J\Xeel\x,\j \J\Xpout\x (2))\j\c
<hw>eelworm</hw> \K/"i:lw\F'\n:m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i any of various small nematode worms infesting plant roots.
<hw>e'en (1)</hw> \K/i:n/\k \Iarchaic\i or \Ipoet.\i \Ivar. of\i \J\Xeven\x (1).\j
<hw>-eer</hw> \K/"I\F'\n/\k \Isuffix\i forming:\p\B1\b nouns meaning 'person concerned with or engaged in' \3(auctioneer;\c \2mountaineer;\c \2profiteer).\c\p\B2\b verbs meaning 'be concerned with' \3(electioneer).\c \BEtymology:\b \3from or suggested by French \I-ier,\i from Latin \I-arius:\i cf. \J\X-ier\x,\j \J\X-ary\x (1)\j\c
<hw>eerie</hw> \K/"I\F'\nri/\k \Iadj.\i \B(eerier,\b \Beeriest)\b gloomy and strange; weird, frightening \3(an eerie silence).\c \Beerily\b \Iadv.\i \Beeriness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3originally northern English and Scots \Ieri,\i of obscure origin: cf. Old English \Iearg\i 'cowardly'\c
<hw>EETPU</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IPolit\i (in the UK) Electrical, Electronic, Telecommunications, and Plumbing Union.
<hw>ef-</hw> \K/If/, /Ef/\k \Iprefix\i \Iassim. form of\i \J\Xex-\x (1) 1\j before \If.\i
<hw>eff</hw> \K/Ef/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\BBrit.\b \Islang\i \Ieuphem.\i\p\B1\b \Itr. & intr.\i \I(often foll. by \Boff)\b\i = \J\Xfuck\x\j (in expletive use).\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i say \Ifuck\i or similar coarse slang words.\p\1effing and blinding\c using coarse slang. \BEtymology:\b \3name of the letter \IF,\i as a euphemistic abbreviation\c
<hw>efface</hw> \K/I"feIs/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i rub or wipe out (a mark etc.).\p\B2\b \Itr.\i (in abstract senses) obliterate; wipe out \3(effaced it from his memory).\c\p\B3\b \Itr.\i utterly surpass; eclipse \3(success has effaced all previous attempts).\c\p\B4\b \Irefl.\i make oneself insignificant or inconspicuous. \Beffacement\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Ieffacer\i (as \J\Xex-\x (1),\j \J\Xface\x)\j\c
<hw>effect</hw> \K/I"fEkt/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the result or consequence of an action etc.\p\B2\b efficacy \3(had little effect).\c\p\B3\b an impression produced on a spectator, hearer, etc. \3(lights had a pretty effect;\c \2my words had no effect).\c\p\B4\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i property, luggage.\p\B5\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \ITheatr Cinematog\i the lighting, sound, etc. used to accompany a play, film, broadcast, etc.\p\B6\b \IPhysics\i a physical phenomenon, usually named after its discoverer \3(Doppler effect).\c\p\B7\b the state of being operative. \Iv.tr.\i bring about; accomplish.\p\1bring (or carry) into effect\c accomplish.\p\1for effect\c to create an impression.\p\1give effect to\c make operative.\p\1in effect\c for practical purposes; in reality.\p\1take effect\c become operative.\p\1to the effect that\c the general substance or gist being.\p\1to that effect\c having that result or implication.\p\1with effect from\c coming into operation at or on (a stated time or day). \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ieffect\i or Latin \Ieffectus\i (as \J\Xex-\x (1),\j \Ifacere\i 'make')\c See Usage Note at \J\Xaffect\x (1).\j
<hw>effective</hw> \K/I"fEktIv/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b having a definite or desired effect. \Bb\b efficient.\Ksense 1b new f. OERD Jun 94\k\p\B2\b powerful in visual, emotive, etc. effect; impressive.\p\B3\b \Ba\b actual; existing in fact rather than officially or theoretically \3(took effective control in their absence).\c \Bb\b actually usable; realizable; equivalent in its effect \3(effective money;\c \2effective demand).\c\p\B4\b coming into operation \3(effective as from 1 May).\c\p\B5\b (of manpower) fit for work or service.\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i a soldier available for service. \Beffectively\b \Iadv.\i \Beffectiveness\b\p\In.\i\p\Beffectivity\b \K/-"tIvIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\K-ivity new f. SOED, corpus Oct 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Ieffectivus\i (as \J\Xeffect\x)\j\c
<hw>effector</hw> \K/I"fEkt\F'\n/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IBiol.\i \Iadj.\i acting in response to a stimulus.\p\In.\i\pan effector organ.
<hw>effectual</hw> \K/I"fEktSU\F'\nl/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b capable of producing the required result or effect; answering its purpose.\p\B2\b \ILaw\i valid. \Beffectuality\b \K/-"alIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Beffectually\b \Iadv.\i \Beffectualness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from medieval Latin \Ieffectualis\i (as \J\Xeffect\x)\j\c
<hw>effectuate</hw> \K/I"fEktSUeIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i cause to happen; accomplish. \Beffectuation\b \K/-"eIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Ieffectuare\i (as \J\Xeffect\x)\j\c
<hw>effeminate</hw> \K/I"fEmIn\F'\nt/\k \Iadj.\i (of a man) feminine in appearance or manner; unmasculine. \Beffeminacy\b\p\In.\i\p\Beffeminately\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Ieffeminatus,\i past part. of \Ieffeminare\i (as \J\Xex-\x (1),\j \Ifemina\i 'woman')\c
<hw>effendi</hw> \K/E"fEndi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Beffendis)\b\p\B1\b a man of education or standing in eastern Mediterranean or Arab countries.\p\B2\b a former title of respect or courtesy in Turkey. \BEtymology:\b \3Turkish \Iefendi\i via modern Greek \Iafentes\i from Greek \Iauthentes\i 'lord, master': see \J\Xauthentic\x\j\c
<hw>effervesce</hw> \K/Ef\F'\n"vEs/\k \Iv.intr.\i\p\B1\b give off bubbles of gas; bubble.\p\B2\b (of a person) be lively or energetic. \Beffervescence\b\p\In.\i\p\Beffervescency\b\p\In.\i\p\Beffervescent\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ieffervescere\i (as \J\Xex-\x (1),\j \Ifervere\i 'be hot')\c
<hw>effete</hw> \K/I"fi:t/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b feeble and incapable, ineffectual.\p\B2\b worn out; exhausted of its essential quality or vitality, decadent. \Beffeteness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ieffetus\i 'worn out by bearing young' (as \J\Xex-\x (1),\j \J\Xfoetus\x)\j\c
<hw>efficacious</hw> \K/EfI"keIS\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i (of a thing) producing or sure to produce the desired effect. \Befficaciously\b \Iadv.\i \Befficaciousness\b\p\In.\i\p\Befficacy\b \K/"EfIk\F'\nsi/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iefficax\i (as \J\Xefficient\x)\j\c
<hw>efficiency</hw> \K/I"fIS(\F'\n)nsi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b the state or quality of being efficient.\p\B2\b \IMech.\i & \IPhysics\i the ratio of useful work performed to the total energy expended or heat taken in. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iefficientia\i (as \J\Xefficient\x)\j\c
<hw>efficiency bar</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i a point on a salary scale requiring evidence of efficiency for further promotion.
<hw>efficient</hw> \K/I"fIS(\F'\n)nt/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b productive with minimum waste or effort.\p\B2\b (of a person) capable; acting effectively. \Befficiently\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Iefficere\i (as \J\Xex-\x (1),\j \Ifacere\i 'make, accomplish')\c
<hw>efficient cause</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhilos.\i an agent that brings a thing into being or initiates a change.
<hw>effigy</hw> \K/"EfIdZi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b a sculpture or model of a person.\p\1in effigy\c in the form of a (usu. crude) representation of a person. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ieffigies\i from \Ieffingere\i 'to fashion'\c
<hw>effleurage</hw> \K/Efl\F'\n:"rA:Z/\k \In. & v.\i \IMed\i\p\In.\i\pa form of massage involving a circular inward stroking movement made with the palm of the hand, used esp. during childbirth. \Iv.tr.\i massage with a circular stroking movement.\KPOS changed on corpus evidence Sep 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3French, from \Ieffleurer\i 'to skim'\c
<hw>effloresce</hw> \K/Efl\F'\n"rEs/\k \Iv.intr.\i\p\B1\b \IBot\i burst out into flower.\p\B2\b \IChem.\i \Ba\b (of a substance) turn to a fine powder on exposure to air. \Bb\b (of salts) come to the surface and crystallize on it. \Bc\b (of a surface) become covered with salt particles. \Befflorescence\b\p\In.\i\p\Befflorescent\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iefflorescere\i (as \J\Xex-\x (1),\j \Iflorere\i 'to bloom' from \Iflos floris\i 'flower')\c
<hw>effluence</hw> \K/"EflU\F'\nns/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a flowing out (of light, electricity, etc.).\p\B2\b that which flows out. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ieffluence\i or medieval Latin \Ieffluentia\i from Latin \Ieffluere efflux-\i 'flow out' (as \J\Xex-\x (1),\j \Ifluere\i 'flow')\c
<hw>effluent</hw> \K/"EflU\F'\nnt/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i flowing forth or out.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IIndustry Engin\i sewage or industrial waste discharged into a river, the sea, etc.\p\B2\b \IGeog\i a stream or lake flowing from a larger body of water. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ieffluere\i \Ieffluent-:\i see \J\Xeffluence\x\j\c
<hw>effluvium</hw> \K/I"flu:vI\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Beffluvia\b \K/-vI\F'\n/\k) an unpleasant or noxious odour or exhaled substance affecting the lungs or the sense of smell etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin from \Ieffluere:\i see \J\Xeffluence\x\j\c
<hw>efflux</hw> \K/"EflVks/\k\p\In.\i\p= \J\Xeffluence\x.\j \Beffluxion\b \K/I"flVkS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Ieffluxus:\i see \J\Xeffluence\x\j\c
<hw>effort</hw> \K/"Ef\F'\nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b strenuous physical or mental exertion.\p\B2\b a vigorous or determined attempt.\p\B3\b \IMech.\i a force exerted.\p\B4\b \Icolloq.\i the result of an attempt; something accomplished \3(not bad for a first effort).\c \Beffortful\b \Iadj.\i \Beffortfully\b \Iadv.\i\K-fully new f. SOED, corpus Oct 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3French from Old French \Iesforcier,\i ultimately from Latin \Ifortis\i 'strong'\c
<hw>effortless</hw> \K/"Ef\F'\ntlIs/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b requiring no effort \3(effortless methods of cookery).\c\p\B2\b natural, easy \3(effortless grace).\c \Beffortlessly\b \Iadv.\i \Beffortlessness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>effrontery</hw> \K/I"frVnt(\F'\n)ri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b shameless insolence; impudent audacity \3(esp. have the effrontery to).\c\p\B2\b an instance of this. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ieffronterie\i from \IeffrontΘ,\i ultimately from Late Latin \Ieffrons -ontis\i 'shameless' (as \J\Xex-\x (1),\j \Ifrons\i 'forehead')\c
<hw>effuse</hw> \Iadj. & v.\i \Iadj.\i \K/I"fju:s/\k \IBot.\i (of an inflorescence etc.) spreading loosely. \Iv.tr.\i \K/I"fju:z/\k\p\B1\b pour forth (liquid, light, etc.).\p\B2\b give out (ideas etc.). \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Ieffusus,\i past part. of \Ieffundere effus-\i 'pour out' (as \J\Xex-\x (1),\j \Ifundere\i 'pour')\c
<hw>effusion</hw> \K/I"fju:Z(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a copious outpouring.\p\B2\b usu. \Iderog.\i an unrestrained flow of speech or writing. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ieffusion\i or Latin \Ieffusio\i (as \J\Xeffuse\x)\j\c
<hw>effusive</hw> \K/I"fju:sIv/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b gushing, demonstrative, exuberant \3(effusive praise).\c\p\B2\b \IGeol.\i (of igneous rock) poured out when molten and later solidified, volcanic. \Beffusively\b \Iadv.\i \Beffusiveness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>EFL</hw> \Iabbr.\i \ILinguistics\i English as a foreign language.
<hw>eft</hw> \K/Eft/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a newt. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iefeta,\i of unknown origin\c
<hw>EFTPOS</hw> \K/"EftpQz/\k \Iabbr.\i \ICommerce\i electronic funds transfer at point of sale.\Knew in COD9 f. Wordfinder Oct 93\k
<hw>e.g.</hw> \Iabbr.\i for example. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iexempli gratia\i\c
<hw>egad</hw> \K/I"gad/\k \Iint.\i \Iarchaic\i or \Ijoc.\i by God. \BEtymology:\b \3probably originally \Ia\i 'ah' + \J\Xgod\x\j\c
<hw>egalitarian</hw> \K/I%galI"tE:rI\F'\nn/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IPolit Sociol\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of or relating to the principle of equal rights and opportunities for all \3(an egalitarian society).\c\p\B2\b advocating this principle.\p\In.\i\pa person who advocates or supports egalitarian principles. \Begalitarianism\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \IΘgalitaire\i from \IΘgal\i \J\Xequal\x\j\c
<hw>egg (1)</hw> \K/Eg/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool\i \Ba\b the spheroidal reproductive body produced by females of animals such as birds, reptiles, fish, etc., enclosed in a protective layer and capable of developing into a new individual. \Bb\b the egg of the domestic hen, used for food.\p\B2\b \IBiol.\i the female reproductive cell in animals and plants.\p\B3\b \Icolloq.\i a person or thing qualified in some way \3(a tough egg).\c\p\B4\b anything resembling or imitating an egg, esp. in shape or appearance.\p\1as sure as eggs is (or are) eggs\c \Icolloq.\i without any doubt.\p\1have (or put) all one's eggs in one basket\c \Icolloq.\i risk everything on a single venture.\p\1with egg on one's face\c \Icolloq.\i made to look foolish. \Beggless\b \Iadj.\i \Beggy\b \Iadj.\i \B(eggier,\b \Beggiest).\b \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old Norse, related to Old English \Iµg\i\c
<hw>egg (2)</hw> \K/Eg/\k \Iv.tr.\i \I(foll. by \Bon)\b\i urge \3(egged them on to do it).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old Norse \Ieggja\i = \J\Xedge\x\j\c
<hw>eggar</hw> \K/"Eg\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Begger)\b \IZool\i any of various large moths of the family Lasiocampidae, esp. Lasiocampa quercus, with an egg-shaped cocoon. \BEtymology:\b \3probably from \J\Xegg\x (1)\j + \J\X-er\x (1)\j\c
<hw>egg-beater</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a device for beating eggs.\p\B2\b \BUS\b \Islang\i a helicopter.
<hw>eggcup</hw> \K/"EgkVp/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i a cup for holding a boiled egg.
<hw>egghead</hw> \K/"EghEd/\k\p\In.\i\p\Icolloq.\i an intellectual; an expert.
<hw>egg-nog</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \BBrit.\b \Begg-flip)\b \IDrink\i a drink of alcoholic spirit with beaten egg, milk, etc.
<hw>eggplant</hw> \K/"EgplA:nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\Besp. N. Amer.\b \IBot\i = \J\Xaubergine\x\p\In.\i\p1, 2.\j
<hw>eggs and bacon</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Begg and bacon)\b \IBot\i any of various plants with orange-marked yellow flowers, esp. bird's-foot trefoil and yellow toadflax.
<hw>eggshell</hw> \K/"EgSEl/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the shell of an egg.\p\B2\b anything very fragile. \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IPorcelain\i (of china) thin and fragile.\p\B2\b (of paint) with a slight gloss finish.
<hw>egg-spoon</hw>\p\In.\i\pa small spoon for eating a boiled egg.
<hw>egg-timer</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i a device for timing the cooking of an egg.
<hw>egg-tooth</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAnat Zool\i a projection of an embryo bird or reptile used for breaking out of the shell.
<hw>egg white</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IFood\i the white of an egg.
<hw>eglantine</hw> \K/"Egl\F'\nntVIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i sweet-brier. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via French \IΘglantine\i from Old French \Iaiglent,\i ultimately from Latin \Iacus\i 'needle'\c
<hw>ego</hw> \K/"i:g\F'\nU/, /"E-/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b\p\B1\b \IMetaphysics\i a conscious thinking subject.\p\B2\b \IPsychol.\i the part of the mind that reacts to reality and has a sense of individuality.\p\B3\b a sense of self-esteem. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = I\c
<hw>egocentric</hw> \K/Eg\F'\n(U)"sEntrIk/, /i:-/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b centred in the ego.\p\B2\b self-centred, egoistic. \Begocentrically\b \Iadv.\i \Begocentricity\b \K/-"trIsIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Begocentrism\b\p\In.\i\p\K-ism new f. SOED, corpus Oct 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xego\x\j + \J\X-centric\x,\j on the pattern of \Igeocentric\i etc.\c
<hw>ego-ideal</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPsychol.\i the part of the mind developed from the ego by an awareness of social standards.\p\B2\b (in general use) idealization of oneself.
<hw>egoism</hw> \K/"Eg\F'\nUIz(\F'\n)m/, /"i:-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IEthics\i\p\B1\b an ethical theory that treats self-interest as the foundation of morality.\p\B2\b = \J\Xegotism\x.\j \Begoist\b\p\In.\i\p\Begoistic\b \K/-"IstIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Begoistical\b \K/-"IstIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Begoistically\b \K/-"IstIk(\F'\n)li/\k \Iadv.\i\Kegoistically new f. POD8 Oct 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3French \IΘgo∩sme,\i ultimately from modern Latin \Iegoismus\i (as \J\Xego\x)\j\c The senses of \Iegoism\i and \Iegotism\i overlap, but \Iegoism\i alone is a term used in philosophy and psychology to mean 'self-interest' (often contrasted with \Ialtruism).\i
<hw>egotism</hw> \K/"Eg\F'\ntIz(\F'\n)m/, /"i:-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the practice of continually talking about oneself; self-centredness.\p\B2\b an exaggerated opinion of oneself; conceit.\p\B3\b selfishness. \Begotist\b\p\In.\i\p\Begotistic\b \K/-"tIstIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Begotistical\b \K/-"tIstIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Begotistically\b \K/-"tIstIk(\F'\n)li/\k \Iadv.\i \Begotize\b \Iv.intr.\i (also \B-ise).\b \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xego\x\j + \J\X-ism\x,\j with intrusive \I-t-\i\c See Usage Note at \J\Xegoism\x.\j
<hw>ego trip</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Icolloq.\i activity etc. devoted entirely to one's own interests or feelings.
<hw>egregious</hw> \K/I"gri:dZ\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b outstandingly bad; shocking \3(egregious folly;\c \2an egregious ass).\c\p\B2\b \Iarchaic\i or \Ijoc.\i remarkable. \Begregiously\b \Iadv.\i \Begregiousness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iegregius\i 'illustrious', literally 'standing out from the flock', from \Igrex gregis\i 'flock'\c
<hw>egress</hw> \K/"i:grEs/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b going out. \Bb\b \ILaw\i the right of going out.\p\B2\b an exit; a way out.\p\B3\b \IAstron.\i the end of an eclipse or transit.\Kegression omitted Oct 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iegressus\i from \Iegredi egress-\i (as \J\Xe-\x,\j \Igradi\i 'to step')\c
<hw>egret</hw> \K/"i:grIt/, /"E-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i any of various herons of the genus \IEgretta\i or \IBulbulcus,\i usu. having long white feathers in the breeding season. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, via Anglo-French \Iegrette,\i Old French \Iaigrette\i from Provenτal \Iaigreta,\i from \Iaigron\i 'heron'\c
<hw>Egyptian</hw> \K/I"dZIpS(\F'\n)n/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of or relating to Egypt in NE Africa.\p\B2\b of or for Egyptian antiquities (e.g. in a museum) \3(Egyptian room).\c\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPeople\i a native of ancient or modern Egypt; a national of the Arab Republic of Egypt.\p\B2\b \ILanguage\i the Hamitic language used in ancient Egypt until the 3rd c. ad. \BEgyptianize\b \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise).\b \BEgyptianization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>Egyptology</hw> \K/i:dZIp"tQl\F'\ndZi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnthropol\i the study of the language, history, and culture of ancient Egypt. \BEgyptologist\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>eh</hw> \K/eI/\k \Iint.\i \Icolloq.\i\p\B1\b expressing enquiry or surprise.\p\B2\b inviting assent.\p\B3\b asking for something to be repeated or explained. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English \Iey,\i instinctive exclamation\c
<hw>Eid</hw> \K/i:d/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \BId)\b \IRelig\i a Muslim festival, esp.:\p\B1\b (in full \BEid ul-Fitr\b \K/i:dUl"fItr\F'\n/\k) that marking the end of the fast of Ramadan.\p\B2\b (in full \BEid ul-Adha\b \K/i:dul"A:d\F'\n/\k) that marking the culmination of the annual pilgrimage to Mecca.\Ksense 2 new f. OERD, corpus, Sep 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Arabic '\Iid\i 'feast'\c
<hw>eider</hw> \K/"VId\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i\p\B1\b (in full \Beider duck)\b any of several large northern ducks, esp. Somateria mollissima.\p\B2\b (in full \Beider-down)\b small soft feathers from the breast of the eider duck. \BEtymology:\b \3Icelandic \Iaethr\i\c
<hw>eiderdown</hw> \K/"VId\F'\ndaUn/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b a quilt stuffed with down (originally from the eider) or some other soft material, esp. as the upper layer of bedclothes.
<hw>eidetic</hw> \K/VI"dEtIk/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i \IPsychol.\i (of a mental image) having unusual vividness and detail, as if actually visible.\p\In.\i\pa person able to see eidetic images. \Beidetically\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3German \Ieidetisch\i from Greek \Ieidetikos,\i from \Ieidos\i 'form'\c
<hw>eidolon</hw> \K/VI"d\F'\nUlQn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Beidolons\b or \Beidola\b \K/-l\F'\n/\k)\p\B1\b a spectre; a phantom.\p\B2\b an idealized figure. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ieidolon:\i see \J\Xidol\x\j\c
<hw>eigenfrequency</hw> \K/"VIg\F'\nn%fri:kw(\F'\n)nsi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IMath.\i & \IPhysics\i one of the natural resonant frequencies of a system.
<hw>eigenfunction</hw> \K/"VIg\F'\nn%fVn(k)S(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMath.\i & \IPhysics\i that function which under a given operation generates some multiple of itself.
<hw>eigenvalue</hw> \K/"VIg\F'\nn%valju:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMath.\i & \IPhysics\i that value by which an eigenfunction of an operation is multiplied after the eigenfunction has been subjected to that operation.
<hw>eight</hw> \K/eIt/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b one more than seven, or two less than ten; the product of two units and four units.\p\B2\b a symbol for this (8, viii, VIII).\p\B3\b (in full \Bfigure of eight)\b \ISport etc.\i (in ice-skating, country dancing, etc.) a figure resembling the form of 8.\p\B4\b a size etc. denoted by eight.\p\B5\b \IRowing Sport\i an eight-oared rowing boat or its crew.\p\B6\b \IHorol\i eight o'clock.\p\B7\b \ICards\i a card with eight pips. \Iadj.\i that amount to eight.\p\1have one over the eight\c \BBrit.\b \Islang\i have one drink too many. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iehta,\i \Ieahta\i\c
<hw>eighteen</hw> \K/eI"ti:n/, /"eIti:n/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b one more than seventeen, or eight more than ten; the product of two units and nine units.\p\B2\b a symbol for this (18, xviii, XVIII).\p\B3\b a size etc. denoted by eighteen.\p\B4\b \ISport\i a set or team of eighteen individuals.\p\B5\b \B(18)\b \BBrit.\b \ICinematog\i (of films) classified as suitable for persons of 18 years and over. \Iadj.\i that amount to eighteen. \Beighteenth\b \Iadj. & n.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iehtatene\i\c
<hw>eightfold</hw> \K/"eItf\F'\nUld/\k \Iadj. & adv.\i\p\B1\b eight times as much or as many.\p\B2\b consisting of eight parts.\p\B3\b amounting to eight.
<hw>eighth</hw> \K/eItT/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the position in a sequence corresponding to the number 8 in the sequence 1-8.\p\B2\b something occupying this position.\p\B3\b one of eight equal parts of a thing. \Iadj.\i that is the eighth. \Beighthly\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>eighth note</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Besp. N. Amer.\b \IMus.\i = \J\Xquaver\x.\j
<hw>eightsome</hw> \K/"eIts(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b (in full \Beightsome reel)\b \IDancing\i a lively Scottish reel for eight dancers.\p\B2\b \IMus\i the music for this.
<hw>eighty</hw> \K/"eIti/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b the product of eight and ten.\p\B2\b a symbol for this (80, lxxx, LXXX).\p\B3\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i the numbers from 80 to 89, esp. the years of a century or of a person's life. \Iadj.\i that amount to eighty.\p\1eighty-first, -second, etc.\c the ordinal numbers between eightieth and ninetieth.\p\1eighty-one, -two, etc.\c the cardinal numbers between eighty and ninety. \Beightieth\b \Iadj. & n.\i \Beightyfold\b \Iadj. & adv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \I-eahtatig\i (as \J\Xeight\x,\j \J\X-ty\x (2))\j\c
<hw>einkorn</hw> \K/"VInkO:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a kind of wheat (Triticum monococcum). \BEtymology:\b \3German, from \Iein\i 'one' + \IKorn\i 'seed'\c
<hw>einsteinium</hw> \K/VIn"stVInI\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i a transuranic radioactive metallic element produced artificially from plutonium (symbol \BEs).\b\Ksymb\k \BEtymology:\b \3named after A. \IEinstein,\i German-American physicist d. 1955\c
<hw>eirenic</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xirenic\x.\j
<hw>eirenicon</hw> \K/VI"ri:nIkQn/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Birenicon)\b a proposal made as a means of achieving peace. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek, neut. of \Ieirenikos\i \I(adj.)\i from \Ieirene\i 'peace'\c
<hw>eisteddfod</hw> \K/VI"stEDvQd/, /VI"stEdv\F'\nd/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Beisteddfods\b or \Beisteddfodau\b \K/-"vQdVI/\k) a congress of Welsh bards; a national or local festival for musical competitions etc. \Beisteddfodic\b \K/-"vQdIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Welsh, literally 'session', from \Ieistedd\i 'sit'\c
<hw>either</hw> \K/"VID\F'\n/, /"i:-/\k \Iconj., adv., pron., & det.\i \Iconj.\i \I(introducing a word, phrase, or clause that is paired with another word, phrase, or clause introduced by \Bor)\b\i as one of two mutually exclusive possibilities \3(either come in or go out;\c \2is either black or white).\c \Iadv.\i \I(after a neg. sentence)\i\p\B1\b any more than the person or thing just mentioned \3(Tim didn't like it and Patrick didn't either).\c\p\B2\b moreover, indeed \3(there is no time to lose, either).\c \Ipron.\i one or the other of two \3(either of you can go;\c \2I like both twins but Jeremy doesn't like either).\c \Idet.\i\p\B1\b one or the other of two \3(you may have either book).\c\p\B2\b each of two \3(either side of the road).\c\p\1either way\c in either case or event. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iµgther,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>either/or</hw> \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\pan unavoidable choice between alternatives. \Iadj.\i involving such a choice.
\B\Ieiusdem generis\b\i \K/eI%(j)UsdEm "dZEnErIs/\k \Iadj.\i \ILaw\i of the same kind.\KNew f. NEWS Oct 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Latin\c
<hw>ejaculate</hw> \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.tr.\i \K/I"dZakjUleIt/\k \I(also \Babsol.)\b\i\p\B1\b utter suddenly (words esp. of prayer or other emotion).\p\B2\b eject (fluid etc., esp. semen) from the body.\p\In.\i\p\K/I"dZakjUl\F'\nt/\k\IAnat\i semen that has been ejaculated from the body. \Bejaculation\b \K/-"leIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bejaculator\b \K/I"dZakjUleIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bejaculatory\b \K/I"dZakjUl\F'\nt(\F'\n)ri/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iejaculari\i 'to dart' (as \J\Xe-\x,\j \Ijaculum\i 'javelin')\c
<hw>eject</hw> \K/I"dZEkt/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b send or drive out precipitately or by force, esp. from a building or other property; compel to leave.\p\B2\b \IAeron\i \Ba\b cause (the pilot etc.) to be propelled from an aircraft or spacecraft in an emergency. \Bb\b \I\B(absol.)\b\i (of the pilot etc.) be ejected in this way \3(they both ejected at 1,000 feet).\c\p\B3\b cause to be removed or drop out (e.g. a spent cartridge from a gun).\p\B4\b \ILaw\i dispossess (a tenant etc.) by legal process.\p\B5\b dart forth; emit. \Bejective\b \Iadj.\i \Bejectment\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iejicere eject-\i (as \J\Xe-\x,\j \Ijacere\i 'throw')\c
<hw>ejecta</hw> \K/I"dZEkt\F'\n/\k \In.pl.\i \I(also treated as \Bsing.)\b\i \ISci\i material that is thrown out, esp. from a volcano or a star.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Jan 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, from \Iejicere eject-\i \J\Xeject\x\j\c
<hw>ejection</hw> \K/I"dZEkS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\pthe act or an instance of ejecting; the process of being ejected.
<hw>ejector</hw> \K/I"dZEkt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pa device for ejecting.
<hw>ejector seat</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAeron\i a device for the automatic ejection of the pilot etc. of an aircraft or spacecraft in an emergency.
<hw>eke</hw> \K/i:k/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\Beke out\b\p\B1\b \I(foll. by \Bwith,\b \Bby)\b\i supplement; make the best use of (defective means etc.).\p\B2\b contrive to make (a livelihood) or support (an existence). \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ieacan,\i related to Latin \Iaugere\i 'increase'\c
<hw>ekka</hw> \K/"Ek\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BAnglo-Ind.\b \ITransport Anthropol\i a small one-horse vehicle. \BEtymology:\b \3Hindi \Iekka\i 'unit'\c
<hw>-el</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\X-le\x (2).\j
<hw>elaborate</hw> \Iadj. & v.\i \Iadj.\i \K/I"lab(\F'\n)r\F'\nt/\k\p\B1\b carefully or minutely worked out.\p\B2\b highly developed or complicated.\p\Iv.\i\p\K/I"lab\F'\nreIt/\k\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b work out or explain in detail. \Bb\b \I\B(absol.)\b\i go into details \3(I need not elaborate).\c\p\B2\b \Itr.\i produce by labour.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i (of a natural agency) produce (a substance etc.) from its elements or sources.\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bon)\b\i explain in detail.\K4 new f. SOED Oct 93\k \Belaborately\b \K/-r\F'\ntli/\k \Iadv.\i \Belaborateness\b \K/-r\F'\ntnIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\Belaboration\b \K/-"reIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Belaborative\b \K/-r\F'\ntIv/\k \Iadj.\i \Belaborator\b \K/-reIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ielaboratus,\i past part. of \Ielaborare\i (as \J\Xe-\x,\j \Ilabor\i 'work')\c
<hw>Θlan</hw> \K/eI"lQ~/, /eI"lan/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Belan)\b\Kvar. new f. corpus Oct 93\k vivacity, dash. \BEtymology:\b \3French, from \IΘlancer\i 'launch'\c
<hw>eland</hw> \K/"i:l\F'\nnd/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i any antelope of the genus \ITragelaphus,\i native to Africa, having spirally twisted horns, esp. the largest of living antelopes, T. derbianus. \BEtymology:\b \3Dutch = elk\c
<hw>elasmobranch</hw> \K/I"lazm\F'\nbraNk/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool.\i a cartilaginous fish of the subclass Elasmobranchii (or Chondrichthyes), including sharks, skates, rays. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \Ielasmobranchii,\i from Greek \Ielasmos\i 'beaten metal' + \Ibragkhia\i 'gills'\c
<hw>elasmosaurus</hw> \K/I%lazm\F'\n"sO:r\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool Palaeontol.\i a large extinct marine reptile with paddle-like limbs and tough crocodile-like skin. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin, from Greek \Ielasmos\i 'beaten metal' + \Isauros\i 'lizard'\c
<hw>elastane</hw> \K/I"lasteIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITextiles\i an elastic polyurethane, used esp. for hosiery, underwear, and other close-fitting clothing.\Knew f. OERD, corpus Sep 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xelastic\x\j + \J\X-ane\x (2)\j\c
<hw>elastic</hw> \K/I"lastIk/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b able to resume its normal bulk or shape spontaneously after contraction, dilatation, or distortion.\p\B2\b springy.\p\B3\b (of a person or feelings) buoyant.\p\B4\b flexible, adaptable \3(elastic conscience).\c\p\B5\b \IEcon.\i (of demand) variable according to price.\p\B6\b \IPhysics\i (of a collision) involving no decrease of kinetic energy.\p\In.\i\pelastic cord or fabric, usu. woven with strips of rubber. \Belastically\b \Iadv.\i \Belasticity\b \K/Ela"stIsIti/, /i:-/, /I-/\k\p\In.\i\p\Belasticize\b \K/I"lastIsVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise).\b \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \Ielasticus\i from Greek \Ielastikos\i 'propulsive', from \Ielauno\i 'drive'\c
<hw>elasticated</hw> \K/I"lastIkeItId/\k \Iadj.\i \BBrit.\b (of a fabric) made elastic by weaving with rubber thread.
<hw>elastin</hw> \K/I"lastIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiochem\i an elastic fibrous glycoprotein found in connective tissue.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Jan 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xelastic\x\j + \J\X-in\x\j\c
<hw>elastomer</hw> \K/I"last\F'\nm\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i a natural or synthetic rubber or rubber-like plastic. \Belastomeric\b \K/-"mErIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xelastic\x,\j on the pattern of \Iisomer\i\c
<hw>Elastoplast</hw> \K/I"last\F'\nplA:st/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i \Ipropr.\i a type of sticking plaster.\Knew f. SOED,corpus Oct 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xelastic\x\j + \J\X-o-\x\j + \J\Xplaster\x\j\c
<hw>elate</hw> \K/I"leIt/\k \Iv. & adj.\i \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b (esp. as \Belated\b \Iadj.)\i inspirit, stimulate.\p\B2\b make proud. \Iadj.\i \Iarchaic\i in high spirits; exultant, proud. \Belatedly\b \Iadv.\i \Belatedness\b\p\In.\i\p\Belation\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Iefferre elat-\i 'raise'\c
<hw>elater</hw> \K/"El\F'\nt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a click beetle. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from Greek \Ielater\i 'driver', from \Ielauno\i 'drive'\c
<hw>E-layer</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAstron\i a layer of the ionosphere able to reflect medium-frequency radio waves. \BEtymology:\b \3\IE\i (arbitrary) + \J\Xlayer\x\j\c
<hw>elbow</hw> \K/"Elb\F'\nU/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \IAnat\i the joint between the forearm and the upper arm. \Bb\b \IClothing\i the part of the sleeve of a garment covering the elbow.\p\B2\b an elbow-shaped bend or corner; a short piece of piping bent through a right angle. \Iv.tr.\i \I(foll. by \Bin,\b \Bout,\b \Baside,\b etc.)\i\p\B1\b thrust or jostle (a person or oneself).\p\B2\b make (one's way) by thrusting or jostling.\p\1at one's elbow\c close at hand.\p\1give a person the elbow\c \Icolloq.\i send a person away; dismiss or reject a person.\p\1out at (or at the) elbows\c\p\B1\b (of a coat) worn out.\p\B2\b (of a person) ragged, poor. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ielboga,\i \Ielnboga,\i from Germanic (as \J\Xell\x,\j \J\Xbow\x (1))\j\c
<hw>elbow grease</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Icolloq.\i vigorous polishing; hard work.
<hw>elbow room</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Icolloq.\i adequate space to move or work in.
<hw>eld</hw> \K/Eld/\k\p\In.\i\p\Iarchaic\i or \Ipoet.\i\p\B1\b old age.\p\B2\b olden time. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \I(i)eldu,\i from Germanic: cf. \J\Xold\x\j\c
<hw>elder (1)</hw> \K/"Eld\F'\n/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iattrib.adj.\i (of two indicated persons, esp. when related) senior; of a greater age \3(my elder brother).\c\p\In.\i\p\I(often prec. by \Bthe)\b\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the older or more senior of two indicated (esp. related) persons \3(which is the elder?;\c \2is my elder by ten years).\c \Bb\b \B(Elder)\b a title to distinguish between related persons of renown \3(Pitt the Elder).\c\Ksense 1b new f. OERD Jun 94\k\p\B2\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \Ba\b persons of greater age or seniority \3(respect your elders).\c \Bb\b persons venerable because of age.\p\B3\b a person advanced in life.\p\B4\b \Ihist.\i a member of a senate or governing body.\p\B5\b an official in the early Christian, Presbyterian, or Mormon Churches. \Beldership\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ieldra,\i related to \J\Xold\x\j\c
<hw>elder (2)</hw> \K/"Eld\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i any shrub or tree of the genus \ISambucus,\i with white flowers and usu. blue-black or red berries. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iellµrn\i\c
<hw>elderberry</hw> \K/"Eld\F'\nbEri/, /-b(\F'\n)ri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IBot\i the berry of the elder, esp. the common elder (Sambucus nigra) used for making jelly, wine, etc.
<hw>elder brother</hw>\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Belder brethren)\b \BBrit.\b \INaut.\i each of thirteen senior members of Trinity House.
<hw>elderflower</hw> \K/"Eld\F'\nflaU\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i the flower of the elder.\Knew f. corpus Oct 93\k
<hw>elder hand</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICards\i the first player.
<hw>elderly</hw> \K/"Eld\F'\nli/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b somewhat old.\p\B2\b (of a person) past middle age. \Belderliness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>elder statesman</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i an influential experienced person, esp. a politician, of advanced age.
<hw>eldest</hw> \K/"EldIst/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i first-born or oldest surviving (member of a family, son, daughter, etc.).\p\In.\i\p\I(often prec. by \Bthe)\b\i the eldest of three or more indicated \3(who is the eldest?).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Old English (as \J\Xelder\x (1))\j\c
<hw>eldest hand</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICards\i the first player.
<hw>eldorado</hw> \K/Eld\F'\n"rA:d\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b\p\B1\b any imaginary country or city abounding in gold.\p\B2\b a place of great abundance. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish \Iel dorado\i 'the gilded'\c
<hw>eldritch</hw> \K/"El(d)rItS/\k \Iadj.\i \BSc.\b & \BN. Amer.\b\p\B1\b weird.\p\B2\b hideous. \BEtymology:\b \316th c.: perhaps related to \J\Xelf\x\j\c
<hw>elecampane</hw> \K/%ElIkam"peIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a sunflower-like plant, Inula helenium, with bitter aromatic leaves and roots, used in herbal medicine and cookery. \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Ienula campana\i \I(enula\i from Greek \Ihelenion\i 'elecampane', \Icampana\i probably 'of the fields' from \Icampus\i 'field')\c
<hw>elect</hw> \K/I"lEkt/\k \Iv. & adj.\i \Iv.tr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bto\b + infin.)\i\p\B1\b choose \3(the principles they elected to follow).\c\p\B2\b \IPolit\i choose (a person) by vote \3(elected a new chairman).\c\p\B3\b \ITheol.\i (of God) choose (persons) in preference to others for salvation. \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b chosen.\p\B2\b select, choice.\p\B3\b \ITheol.\i chosen by God.\p\B4\b \I(in \Bcomb.,\b after a noun designating office)\i chosen but not yet in office \3(president-elect).\c \Belectable\b \Iadj.\i\K-able new f. corpus Oct 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Ielectus,\i past part. of \Ieligere elect-\i (as \J\Xe-\x,\j \Ilegere\i 'pick')\c
<hw>election</hw> \K/I"lEkS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i\p\B1\b the process of electing or being elected, esp. of members of a political body.\p\B2\b the act or an instance of electing. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Ielectio -onis\i (as \J\Xelect\x)\j\c
<hw>electioneer</hw> \K/I%lEkS\F'\n"nI\F'\n/\k \Iv. & n.\i \IPolit\i \Iv.intr.\i\p\B1\b take part in an election campaign.\p\B2\b \Iderog.\i seek election by currying favour with voters.\Ksense 2 new f. OERD, corpus oct 94\k\p\In.\i\pa person who electioneers.
<hw>elective</hw> \K/I"lEktIv/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b (of an office or its holder) filled or appointed by election. \Bb\b (of authority) derived from election.\p\B2\b (of a body) having the power to elect.\p\B3\b having a tendency to act on or be concerned with some things rather than others \3(elective affinity).\c\p\B4\b (of a course of study) chosen by the student; optional.\p\B5\b (of a surgical operation etc.) optional; not urgently necessary.\p\In.\i\p\BUS\b an elective course of study. \Belectively\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \IΘlectif -ive\i from Late Latin \Ielectivus\i (as \J\Xelect\x)\j\c
<hw>elector</hw> \K/I"lEkt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i\p\B1\b a person who has the right of voting to elect an MP etc.\p\B2\b \B(Elector)\b \Ihist.\i a German prince entitled to take part in the election of the Emperor.\p\B3\b \BUS\b a member of an electoral college. \Belectorship\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via French \IΘlecteur\i from Latin \Ielector\i (as \J\Xelect\x)\j\c
<hw>electoral</hw> \K/I"lEkt(\F'\n)r(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i relating to or ranking as electors. \Belectorally\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>electoral college</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPolit\i a body of persons representing the states of the US, who cast votes for the election of the President.\p\B2\b a body of electors.
<hw>electoral roll</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Belectoral register)\b \IPolit\i an official list of those in a district, parish, etc., entitled to vote.\Knew in COD9 f. file Oct 93\k
<hw>electorate</hw> \K/I"lEkt(\F'\n)r\F'\nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i\p\B1\b a body of electors.\p\B2\b \BAustral.\b & \BNZ\b an area represented by one Member of Parliament.\p\B3\b \Ihist.\i the office or territories of a German Elector.
<hw>Electra complex</hw> \K/I"lEktr\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPsychol.\i a daughter's subconscious sexual attraction to her father and hostility towards her mother, corresponding to the Oedipus complex in a son. \BEtymology:\b \3from the name of \IElectra\i in Greek tragedy, who caused her mother to be murdered for having murdered Electra's father\c
<hw>Electress</hw> \K/I"lEktrIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\Ihist.\i the wife of a German Elector.\Knew f. corpus, SOED Oct 93\k
<hw>electret</hw> \K/I"lEktrIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i a permanently polarized piece of dielectric material, analogous to a permanent magnet. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xelectricity\x\j + \J\Xmagnet\x\j\c
<hw>electric</hw> \K/I"lEktrIk/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IElectr\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of, worked by, or charged with electricity; producing or capable of generating electricity.\p\B2\b causing or charged with sudden and dramatic excitement \3(the news had an electric effect;\c \2the atmosphere was electric).\c\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an electric light, vehicle, etc.\p\B2\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i electrical equipment. \Belectrically\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \Ielectricus\i via Latin \Ielectrum\i from Greek \Ielektron\i 'amber', the rubbing of which causes electrostatic phenomena\c
<hw>electrical</hw> \K/I"lEktrIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of or concerned with or of the nature of electricity.\p\B2\b operating by electricity.\p\B3\b = \J\Xelectric\x \Iadj.\i 2.\j
<hw>electricals</hw> \K/I"lEktrIk(\F'\n)lz/\k \In.pl.\i\p\B1\b \ICommerce\i shares in companies manufacturing electrical goods.\p\B2\b electrical equipment or circuitry.\KNew f. NEWS Oct 93\k
<hw>electric blanket</hw>\p\In.\i\pan electrically wired blanket used for heating a bed.
<hw>electric blue</hw> \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\pa steely or brilliant light blue. \Iadj.\i \I(hyphenated when \Battrib.)\b\i of this colour.\Kcolour\k
<hw>electric chair</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICriminol\i a chair used for capital punishment by electrocution in certain judicial systems.
<hw>electric eel</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i an eel-like freshwater fish, Electrophorus electricus, native to S. America, that kills its prey by electric shock.
<hw>electric eye</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IElectronics\i \Icolloq.\i a photoelectric cell operating a relay when the beam of light illuminating it is obscured.
<hw>electric fence</hw>\p\In.\i\pa fence charged with electricity, often consisting of one strand.
<hw>electric field</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i a region of electrical influence.
<hw>electric fire</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b an electrically operated incandescent or convector heater, usu. portable and for domestic use.
<hw>electric guitar</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMus\i a guitar with built-in electrical sound pick-up or pick-ups rather than a soundbox.
<hw>electrician</hw> \K/IlEk"trIS(\F'\n)n/, /El-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IElectr\i a person who installs or maintains electrical equipment, esp. professionally.
<hw>electricity</hw> \K/IlEk"trIsIti/, /El-/, /i:l-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics Electr\i\p\B1\b a form of energy resulting from the existence of charged particles (electrons, protons, etc.), either statically as an accumulation of charge or dynamically as a current.\p\B2\b the branch of physics dealing with electricity.\p\B3\b a supply of electric current for heating, lighting, etc.\p\B4\b a state of heightened emotion; excitement, tension.\Ksense 4 new f. POD8, OERD Oct 93 then Apr 94\k
<hw>electric organ</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBiol.\i \IAnat\i an organ in certain fishes able to produce an electrical discharge for stunning prey or sensing the surroundings, or as a defence.\p\B2\b \IMus.\i an electrically operated organ.
<hw>electric ray</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i any of several fish of the ray family Torpedinidae which can give an electric shock (see \J\Xray\x (2)).\j
<hw>electric shaver</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Belectric razor)\b an electrical device for shaving, with oscillating or rotating blades behind a metal guard.
<hw>electric shock</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMed.Electr.\i the effect of a sudden discharge of electricity on a person or animal, usually with stimulation of the nerves and contraction of the muscles.
<hw>electric storm</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMeteorol\i a violent disturbance of the electrical condition of the atmosphere.
<hw>electrify</hw> \K/I"lEktrIfVI/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(-ies,\b \B-ied)\b \IElectr\i\p\B1\b charge (a body) with electricity.\p\B2\b convert (machinery or the place or system employing it) to the use of electric power.\p\B3\b cause dramatic or sudden excitement in. \Belectrification\b \K/-fI"keIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Belectrifier\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>electro-</hw> \K/I"lEktr\F'\nU/\k \Icomb. form\i \IElectr.\i of, relating to, or caused by electricity \3(electrocute;\c \2electromagnet).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ielektron\i 'amber': see \J\Xelectric\x\j\c
<hw>electro-acoustic</hw> \K/I%lEktr\F'\nU\F'\n"ku:stIk/\k \Iadj.\i \IElectronics Mus\i\p\B1\b involving the direct conversion of electrical into acoustic energy or vice versa.\p\B2\b (of music) performed or composed with the creative use of electronic equipment.\Knew f. SOED, corpus Oct 93\k
<hw>electrobiology</hw> \K/I%lEktr\F'\nUbVI"Ql\F'\ndZi/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISci Electr\i the study of the electrical phenomena of living things.
<hw>electrocardiogram</hw> \K/I%lEktr\F'\nU"kA:dI\F'\ngram/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a record of the heartbeat traced by an electrocardiograph. \BEtymology:\b \3German \IElektrocardiogramm\i (as \J\Xelectro-\x,\j \J\Xcardio-\x,\j \J\X-gram\x)\j\c
<hw>electrocardiograph</hw> \K/I%lEktr\F'\nU"kA:dI\F'\ngrA:f/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i an instrument recording the electric currents generated by a person's heartbeat. \Belectrocardiographic\b \K/-"grafIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Belectrocardiography\b \K/-"Qgr\F'\nfi/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>electrochemistry</hw> \K/I%lEktr\F'\nU"kEmIstri/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i the branch of science that deals with the relations between electrical and chemical phenomena. \Belectrochemical\b \Iadj.\i \Belectrochemically\b \Iadv.\i\K-ly new f. SOED, corpus Oct 93\k \Belectrochemist\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>electroconvulsive</hw> \K/I%lEktr\F'\nUk\F'\nn"vVlsIv/\k \Iadj.\i \IMed\i (of a therapy) employing the application of electric shocks to the brain, which induces a convulsion, as in some treatments for mental illness.
<hw>electrocute</hw> \K/I"lEktr\F'\nkju:t/\k \Iv.tr.\i \IElectr\i\p\B1\b kill by electricity (as a form of capital punishment).\p\B2\b cause the death of by electric shock. \Belectrocution\b \K/-"kju:S(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xelectro-\x,\j after \J\Xexecute\x\j\c
<hw>electrode</hw> \K/I"lEktr\F'\nUd/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i a conductor through which electricity enters or leaves an electrolyte, gas, vacuum, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xelectric\x\j + Greek \Ihodos\i 'way'\c
<hw>electrodialysis</hw> \K/I%lEktr\F'\nUdVI"alIsIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i dialysis in which the movement of ions is aided by an electric field applied across the semi-permeable membrane.
<hw>electrodynamics</hw> \K/I%lEktr\F'\nUdVI"namIks/\k \In.pl.\i \I(usu. treated as \Bsing.)\b\i \IPhysics\i the branch of mechanics concerned with electric current applied to motive forces. \Belectrodynamic\b \Iadj.\i
<hw>electroencephalogram</hw> \K/I%lEktr\F'\nUIn"sEf(\F'\n)l\F'\ngram/, /-"kEf-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a record of the brain's activity traced by an electroencephalograph. \BEtymology:\b \3German \IElektrenkephalogramm\i (as \J\Xelectro-\x,\j \J\Xencephalo-\x,\j \J\X-gram\x)\j\c
<hw>electroencephalograph</hw> \K/I%lEktr\F'\nUIn"sEf(\F'\n)l\F'\ngrA:f/, /-"kEf-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i an instrument recording the electrical activity of the brain. \Belectroencephalography\b \K/-"lQgr\F'\nfi/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>electroluminescence</hw> \K/I%lEktr\F'\nUlu:mI"nEs(\F'\n)ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i luminescence produced electrically, esp. by the application of a voltage. \Belectroluminescent\b \Iadj.\i
<hw>electrolyse</hw> \K/I"lEktr\F'\nlVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(US\b \B-yze)\b \IElectr\i subject to or treat by electrolysis. \Belectrolyser\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xelectrolysis\x,\j on the pattern of \Ianalyse\i\c
<hw>electrolysis</hw> \K/I%lEk"trQlIsIs/, /%ElEk"trQlIsIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IChem.\i the decomposition of a substance by the application of an electric current.\p\B2\b \ISurgery\i this process applied to the destruction of tumours, hair-roots, etc. \Belectrolytic\b \K/I%lEktr\F'\n(U)"lItIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Belectrolytical\b \K/-"lItIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Belectrolytically\b \K/-"lItIk(\F'\n)li/\k \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xelectro-\x\j + \J\X-lysis\x\j\c
<hw>electrolyte</hw> \K/I"lEktr\F'\nlVIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i\p\B1\b a liquid which contains ions and can be decomposed by electrolysis, esp. that present in a battery.\p\B2\b \I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i \IPhysiol.\i the ionized or ionizable constituents of a living cell, blood, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xelectro-\x\j + Greek \Ilutos\i 'released' from \Iluo\i 'loosen'\c
<hw>electromagnet</hw> \K/I%lEktr\F'\n(U)"magnIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i a soft metal core made into a magnet by the passage of electric current through a coil surrounding it.
<hw>electromagnetic</hw> \K/I%lEktr\F'\n(U)mag"nEtIk/\k \Iadj.\i \IPhysics\i having both an electrical and a magnetic character or properties. \Belectromagnetically\b \K/-"nEtIk(\F'\n)li/\k \Iadv.\i
<hw>electromagnetic radiation</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i a kind of radiation including visible light, radio waves, gamma rays, X-rays, etc., in which electric and magnetic fields vary simultaneously.
<hw>electromagnetic spectrum</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i the range of wavelengths over which electromagnetic radiation extends.
<hw>electromagnetic units</hw> \In.pl.\i \IPhysics\i a largely disused system of units derived primarily from the magnetic properties of electric currents.
<hw>electromagnetism</hw> \K/I%lEktr\F'\nU"magnItIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i\p\B1\b the magnetic forces produced by electricity.\p\B2\b the study of this.
<hw>electromechanical</hw> \K/I%lEktr\F'\nUmI"kanIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \IElectr Mech\i relating to the application of electricity to mechanical processes, devices, etc.
<hw>electrometer</hw> \K/IlEk"trQmIt\F'\n/, /El-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i an instrument for measuring electrical potential without drawing any current from the circuit. \Belectrometric\b \K/-"mEtrIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Belectrometry\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>electromotive</hw> \K/I%lEktr\F'\n"m\F'\nUtIv/\k \Iadj.\i \IPhysics\i producing or tending to produce an electric current.
<hw>electromotive force</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i a difference in potential that tends to give rise to an electric current (abbr.: \Bemf,\b \BEMF).\b
<hw>electron</hw> \K/I"lEktrQn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i a stable subatomic particle with a charge of negative electricity, found in all atoms and acting as the primary carrier of electricity in solids. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xelectric\x\j + \J\X-on\x\j\c
<hw>electron beam</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i a stream of electrons in a gas or vacuum.
<hw>electron diffraction</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i the diffraction of a beam of electrons by atoms or molecules, used for determining crystal structures etc.
<hw>electronegative</hw> \K/I%lEktr\F'\n(U)"nEg\F'\ntIv/\k \Iadj.\i \IPhysics\i\p\B1\b electrically negative.\p\B2\b \IChem.\i (of an element) tending to acquire electrons in chemical reactions.
<hw>electron gun</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i a device for producing a narrow stream of electrons from a heated cathode.
<hw>electronic</hw> \K/IlEk"trQnIk/, /El-/\k \Iadj.\i \IPhysics\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b produced by or involving the flow of electrons. \Bb\b of or relating to electrons or electronics.\p\B2\b (of a device) using electronic components.\p\B3\b \IMus\i \Ba\b (of music) produced by electronic means and usu. recorded on tape. \Bb\b (of a musical instrument) producing sounds by electronic means. \Belectronically\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>electronic flash</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhotog\i a flash from a gas-discharge tube, used in high-speed photography.
<hw>electronic mail</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IComputing\i\p\B1\b messages distributed by electronic means esp. from one computer system to one or more recipients.\p\B2\b the electronic mail system. \IAlso called\i \Ie-mail.\i\Ksense 2 new f. corpus Nov 94\k
<hw>electronic publishing</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPrinting\i the publishing of books etc. in machine-readable form rather than on paper.\Knew in COD9 f. Wordfinder Oct 93\k
<hw>electronics</hw> \K/IlEk"trQnIks/, /El-/\k \In.pl.\i \IPhysics\i\p\B1\b \I(treated as \Bsing.)\b\i the branch of physics and technology concerned with the behaviour and movement of electrons in a vacuum, gas, semiconductor, etc.\p\B2\b \I(treated as \Bpl.)\b\i the circuits used in this.
<hw>electronic tagging</hw>\p\In.\i\pthe attaching of electronic markers to people, goods, etc., enabling them to be traced.\KNew in COD from POD8 Oct 93\k
<hw>electron lens</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i a device for focusing a stream of electrons by means of electric or magnetic fields.
<hw>electron microscope</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics Optics\i a microscope with high magnification and resolution, employing electron beams in place of light and using electron lenses.
<hw>electron pair</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IChem.\i two electrons in the same orbital in an atom or molecule.\p\B2\b \IPhysics\i an electron and a positron produced in a high-energy reaction.
<hw>electron spin resonance</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i a spectroscopic method of locating electrons within the molecules of a paramagnetic substance (abbr.: \BESR).\b\Kabbr\k
<hw>electronvolt</hw> \K/I"lEktrQnv\F'\nUlt/, /-vQlt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics Sci\i a unit of energy equal to the work done on an electron in accelerating it through a potential difference of one volt (abbr.: \BeV).\b\Kabbr\k
<hw>electrophilic</hw> \K/I%lEktr\F'\n(U)"fIlIk/\k \Iadj.\i \IChem.\i having an affinity for electrons. \Belectrophile\b \K/I"lEktr\F'\n(U)fVIl/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>electrophoresis</hw> \K/I%lEktr\F'\n(U)f\F'\n"ri:sIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i & \IChem.\i the movement of charged particles in a fluid or gel under the influence of an electric field. \Belectrophoretic\b \K/-f\F'\n"rEtIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xelectro-\x\j + Greek \Iphoresis\i 'being carried'\c
<hw>electrophorus</hw> \K/IlEk"trQf(\F'\n)r\F'\ns/, /El-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i a device for repeatedly generating static electricity by induction. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin, from \J\Xelectro-\x\j + Greek \I-phoros\i 'bearing'\c
<hw>electrophysiology</hw> \K/I%lEktr\F'\nUfIzI"Ql\F'\ndZi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysiol\i the branch of physiology that deals with the electrical phenomena associated with nervous and other bodily activity. \Belectrophysiological\b \K/-"lQdZIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\Knew f. SEOD, corpus Oct 93\k
<hw>electroplate</hw> \K/I"lEktr\F'\n(U)pleIt/, /I%lEktr\F'\n(U)"pleIt/\k \Iv. & n.\i \IMetallurgy\i \Iv.tr.\i coat (a utensil etc.) by electrolytic deposition with chromium, silver, etc.\p\In.\i\pelectroplated articles. \Belectroplater\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>electroporation</hw> \K/I%lEktr\F'\nUp\F'\n"reIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiol.\i the action or process of introducing DNA or chromosomes into the cells of bacteria etc. using a pulse of electricity to open the pores in the cell membranes briefly.\Knew f. OERD, incomings May 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xelectro-\x\j + \J\Xpore\x (1)\j \J\X-ation\x\j\c
<hw>electropositive</hw> \K/I%lEktr\F'\n(U)"pQsItIv/\k \Iadj.\i \IPhysics\i\p\B1\b electrically positive.\p\B2\b \IChem.\i (of an element) tending to lose electrons in chemical reactions.
<hw>electroscope</hw> \K/I"lEktr\F'\nsk\F'\nUp/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i an instrument for detecting and measuring electricity, esp. as an indication of the ionization of air by radioactivity. \Belectroscopic\b \K/-"skQpIk/\k \Iadj.\i
<hw>electro-shock</hw> \K/I"lEktr\F'\n(U)SQk/\k \Iattrib.adj.\i \IMed\i (of medical treatment) by means of electric shocks; electroconvulsive.
<hw>electrostatic</hw> \K/I%lEktr\F'\n(U)"statIk/\k \Iadj.\i of or relating to stationary electric charges or electrostatics. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xelectro-\x\j + \J\Xstatic\x\j on the pattern of \Ihydrostatic\i\c
<hw>electrostatics</hw> \K/I%lEktr\F'\n(U)"statIks/\k\p\In.\i\pthe study of stationary electric charges or fields as opposed to electric currents.
<hw>electrostatic units</hw> \In.pl.\i \ISci\i a system of units based primarily on the forces between electric charges.
<hw>electrotechnology</hw> \K/I%lEktr\F'\nUtEk"nQl\F'\ndZi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IElectr\i the science of the application of electricity in technology. \Belectrotechnic\b \K/-"tEknIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Belectrotechnical\b \K/-"tEknIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Belectrotechnics\b \K/-"tEknIks/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>electrotherapy</hw> \K/I%lEktr\F'\n(U)"TEr\F'\npi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i the treatment of diseases by the use of electricity. \Belectrotherapeutic\b \K/-"pju:tIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Belectrotherapeutical\b \K/-"pju:tIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Belectrotherapist\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>electrothermal</hw> \K/I%lEktr\F'\n(U)"T\F'\n:m(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \IElectr\i relating to heat electrically derived.
<hw>electrotype</hw> \K/I"lEktr\F'\n(U)tVIp/\k \Iv. & n.\i \IPrinting\i \Iv.tr.\i copy by the electrolytic deposition of copper on a mould, esp. for printing.\p\In.\i\pa copy so formed. \Belectrotyper\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>electrovalent</hw> \K/I%lEktr\F'\n(U)"veIl(\F'\n)nt/\k \Iadj.\i \IChem.\i (of bonding) resulting from electrostatic attraction between ions. \Belectrovalence\b\p\In.\i\p\Belectrovalency\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xelectro-\x\j + \I-valent,\i on the pattern of \Itrivalent\i etc.\c
<hw>electroweak</hw> \K/I%lEktr\F'\nU"wi:k/\k \Iadj.\i \IPhysics\i relating to or denoting electromagnetic and weak interactions regarded as manifestations of the same interaction.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Jan 94\k
<hw>electrum</hw> \K/I"lEktr\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMetallurgy\i an alloy of silver and gold used in ancient times.\p\B2\b \IMineral\i native argentiferous gold ore. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Latin from Greek \Ielektron\i 'amber, electrum'\c
<hw>electuary</hw> \K/I"lEktjU(\F'\n)ri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IPharm\i medicinal powder etc. mixed with honey or other sweet substance. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Late Latin \Ielectuarium,\i probably via Greek \Iekleikton\i from \Iekleikho\i 'lick up'\c
<hw>eleemosynary</hw> \K/%ElIi:"mQsIn\F'\nri/, /-"mQz-/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of or dependent on alms.\p\B2\b charitable.\p\B3\b gratuitous. \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Ieleemosynarius\i from Late Latin \Ieleemosyna:\i see \J\Xalms\x\j\c
<hw>elegant</hw> \K/"ElIg(\F'\n)nt/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b graceful in appearance or manner.\p\B2\b tasteful, refined.\p\B3\b (of a mode of life etc.) of refined luxury.\p\B4\b ingeniously simple and pleasing.\p\B5\b \BUS\b excellent. \Belegance\b\p\In.\i\p\Belegantly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \IΘlΘgant\i or Latin \Ielegant-,\i related to \Ieligere:\i see \J\Xelect\x\j\c
<hw>elegiac</hw> \K/ElI"dZVI\F'\nk/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b (of a metre) used for elegies.\p\B2\b mournful.\p\In.\i\p\I(in \Bpl.)\b\i verses in an elegiac metre. \Belegiacally\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \IΘlΘgiaque\i or from Late Latin \Ielegiacus\i from Greek \Ielegeiakos:\i see \J\Xelegy\x\j\c
<hw>elegiac couplet</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IProsody\i a pair of lines consisting of a dactylic hexameter and a pentameter, esp. in Greek and Latin verse.
<hw>elegize</hw> \K/"ElIdZVIz/\k\p\Iv.\i\p(also \B-ise)\b\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bupon)\b\i write an elegy.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i write in a mournful strain.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i write an elegy upon. \Belegist\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>elegy</hw> \K/"ElIdZi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \IMus\i a song of lament, esp. for the dead (sometimes vaguely used of other poems).\p\B2\b \IProsody\i a poem in elegiac metre. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IΘlΘgie\i or Latin \Ielegia\i from Greek \Ielegeia,\i from \Ielegos\i 'mournful poem'\c
<hw>element</hw> \K/"ElIm(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a component part or group; a contributing factor or thing.\p\B2\b \IChem.\i & \IPhysics\i any of the hundred or so substances that cannot be resolved by chemical means into simpler substances, each consisting of atoms with the same atomic number.\p\B3\b \IPhilos\i \Ba\b any of the four substances (earth, water, air, and fire) in ancient and medieval philosophy. \Bb\b any of these as a being's natural abode or environment.\p\B4\b \IElectr.\i a resistance wire that heats up in an electric heater, cooker, etc.; an electrode.\p\B5\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \IMeteorol\i atmospheric agencies, esp. wind and storm.\p\B6\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i the rudiments of learning or of a branch of knowledge.\p\B7\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \IRelig\i the bread and wine of the Eucharist.\p\B8\b \IMath.\i & \ILogic\i an entity that is a single member of a set.\p\1in (or out of) one's element\c in (or out of) one's accustomed or preferred surroundings.\Kreduced to its elements omitted Jun 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Ielementum\i\c
<hw>elemental</hw> \K/ElI"mEnt(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of the four elements.\p\B2\b of the powers of nature \3(elemental worship).\c\p\B3\b comparable to a force of nature \3(elemental grandeur;\c \2elemental tumult).\c\p\B4\b uncompounded \3(elemental oxygen).\c\p\B5\b essential.\p\In.\i\pan entity or force thought to be physically manifested by occult means. \Belementalism\b\p\In.\i\p(in senses 1, 2). \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Ielementalis\i (as \J\Xelement\x)\j\c
<hw>elementary</hw> \K/ElI"mEnt(\F'\n)ri/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b dealing with or arising from the simplest facts of a subject; rudimentary, introductory. \Bb\b simple.\p\B2\b \IChem.\i not decomposable. \Belementarily\b \Iadv.\i \Belementariness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Ielementarius\i (as \J\Xelement\x)\j\c
<hw>elementary particle</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i a subatomic particle, esp. one not known to be decomposable into simpler particles.
<hw>elementary school</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b \IEducation\i \Ihist.\i a school in which primary instruction is given.\p\B2\b \BN. Amer.\b a primary school for usu. the first six or eight grades.\Ksense 2 new f. F. Abate, AHD Nov 94\k
<hw>elephant</hw> \K/"ElIf(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i same or \Belephants)\b\p\B1\b \IZool\i the largest living land animal, of which two species survive, the larger African (Loxodonta africana) and the smaller Indian (Elephas maximus), both with a trunk and long curved ivory tusks.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b \IPrinting\i a size of paper (711 ╫ 584 mm). \Belephantoid\b \K/-"fantOId/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English \Iolifaunt\i etc. from Old French \Ioli-,\i \Ielefant,\i ultimately via Latin \Ielephantus,\i \Ielephans\i from Greek \Ielephas -antos\i 'ivory, elephant'\c
<hw>elephant-bird</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool.\i an extinct giant flightless bird of Madagascar, of the genus \IAepyornis.\i\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Jan 94\k
<hw>elephant grass</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i any of various tall African grasses, esp. Pennisetum purpureum.
<hw>elephantiasis</hw> \K/%ElIf(\F'\n)n"tVI\F'\nsIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i gross enlargement of the body, esp. the limbs, due to lymphatic obstruction by a nematode parasite transmitted by mosquitoes. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin from Greek (as \J\Xelephant\x)\j\c
<hw>elephant seal</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a very large seal of the genus \IMirounga,\i the male of which has an inflatable snout. \IAlso called\i \Isea elephant.\i
<hw>elephant shrew</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i any small insect-eating mammal of the family Macroscelididae, native to Africa, having a long snout and long hind limbs.
<hw>Eleusinian</hw> \K/EljU"sInI\F'\nn/\k \Iadj.\i of or relating to Eleusis near Athens. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \IEleusinius\i from Greek \IEleusinios\i\c
<hw>Eleusinian mysteries</hw> \In.pl.\i \IGk Hist.\i the annual celebrations held at ancient Eleusis in honour of Demeter.
<hw>elevate</hw> \K/"ElIveIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b bring to a higher position.\p\B2\b \IEccl.\i hold up (the Host or the chalice) for adoration.\p\B3\b raise, lift (one's eyes etc.).\p\B4\b \IBallistics\i raise the axis of (a gun).\p\B5\b \IRailways\i raise (a railway etc.) above ground level.\p\B6\b exalt in rank etc.\p\B7\b (usu. as \Belevated\b \Iadj.)\i raise morally or intellectually \3(elevated style).\c\p\B8\b (as \Belevated\b \Iadj.)\i \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i slightly drunk. \Belevatory\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ielevare\i 'raise' (as \J\Xe-\x,\j \Ilevis\i 'light')\c
<hw>elevation</hw> \K/ElI"veIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the process of elevating or being elevated. \Bb\b the angle with the horizontal, esp. of a gun or of the direction of a celestial object. \Bc\b the height above a given level, esp. sea level. \Bd\b a high place or position.\p\B2\b \Ba\b a drawing or diagram made by projection on a vertical plane \I(cf.\i \J\Xplan\x\p\In.\i\p2).\j \Bb\b a flat drawing of the front, side, or back of a house etc.\p\B3\b \IBallet\i \Ba\b the capacity of a dancer to attain height in springing movements. \Bb\b the action of tightening the muscles and uplifting the body. \Belevational\b \Iadj.\i (in sense 2). \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ielevation\i or Latin \Ielevatio:\i see \J\Xelevate\x\j\c
<hw>elevator</hw> \K/"ElIveIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMech\i a hoisting machine.\p\B2\b \IAeron.\i the movable part of a tailplane for changing the pitch of an aircraft.\p\B3\b \BN. Amer.\b \Ba\b = \J\Xlift\x\p\In.\i\p3.\j \Bb\b \IAgriculture\i a place for lifting and storing quantities of grain.\p\B4\b \IAnat\i that which elevates, esp. a muscle that raises a limb. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin (as \J\Xelevate\x)\j\c
<hw>eleven</hw> \K/I"lEv(\F'\n)n/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b one more than ten; the sum of six units and five units.\p\B2\b a symbol for this (11, xi, XI).\p\B3\b a size etc. denoted by eleven.\p\B4\b \IHorol\i eleven o'clock.\p\B5\b \ISport\i a set or team of eleven individuals. \Iadj.\i that amount to eleven. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iendleofon,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>elevenfold</hw> \K/I"lEv(\F'\n)nf\F'\nUld/\k \Iadj. & adv.\i\p\B1\b eleven times as much or as many.\p\B2\b consisting of eleven parts.
<hw>eleven-plus</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IEducation\i \Iesp. hist.\i (in the UK) an examination taken at the age of 11-12 to determine the type of secondary school a child should enter.
<hw>elevenses</hw> \K/I"lEv(\F'\n)nzIz/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i light refreshment, usu. with tea or coffee, taken about 11 a.m.
<hw>eleventh</hw> \K/I"lEv(\F'\n)nT/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the position in a sequence corresponding to the number 11 in the sequence 1-11.\p\B2\b something occupying this position.\p\B3\b one of eleven equal parts of a thing.\p\B4\b \IMus.\i \Ba\b an interval or chord spanning an octave and a fourth in the diatonic scale. \Bb\b a note separated from another by this interval. \Iadj.\i that is the eleventh.\p\1the eleventh hour\c the last possible moment.
<hw>elevon</hw> \K/"ElIvQn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAeron.\i the movable part of the trailing edge of a delta wing. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xelevator\x\j + \J\Xaileron\x\j\c
<hw>elf</hw> \K/Elf/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Belves\b \K/Elvz/\k)\p\B1\b \IMythol\i a mythological being, esp. one that is small and mischievous.\p\B2\b a sprite or little creature. \Belfish\b \Iadj.\i \Belvish\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English, from Germanic\c
<hw>elfin</hw> \K/"ElfIn/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i of elves; elflike.\p\In.\i\p\Iarchaic\i a dwarf; a child. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xelf\x,\j perhaps influenced by Middle English \Ielvene,\i genitive pl. of \Ielf,\i and by \IElphin,\i the name of a character in Arthurian romance\c
<hw>elf-lock</hw>\p\In.\i\pa tangled mass of hair.
<hw>elide</hw> \K/I"lVId/\k \Iv.tr.\i \IPhonet\i omit (a vowel or syllable) by elision. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ielidere elis-\i 'crush out' (as \J\Xe-\x,\j \Ilaedere\i 'knock')\c
<hw>eligible</hw> \K/"ElIdZIb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bfor)\b\i fit or entitled to be chosen \3(eligible for a rebate).\c\p\B2\b desirable or suitable, esp. as a partner in marriage. \Beligibility\b \K/-"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Beligibly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \IΘligible\i from Late Latin \Ieligibilis\i (as \J\Xelect\x)\j\c
<hw>eliminate</hw> \K/I"lImIneIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b remove, get rid of.\p\B2\b exclude from consideration; ignore as irrelevant.\p\B3\b \ISport\i exclude from further participation in a competition etc. on defeat.\p\B4\b \IPhysiol.\i discharge (waste matter).\p\B5\b \IChem.\i remove (a simpler substance) from a compound.\p\B6\b \IAlgebra\i remove (a quantity) by combining equations. \Beliminable\b \K/-n\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Belimination\b \K/-"neIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Beliminator\b\p\In.\i\p\Beliminatory\b \K/-n\F'\nt(\F'\n)ri/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ieliminare\i (as \J\Xe-\x,\j \Ilimen liminis\i 'threshold')\c
<hw>ELINT</hw> \K/I"lInt/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \BElint)\b \IPolit\i covert intelligence-gathering by electronic means.\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED, corpus Mar 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3\Iel\iectronic \Iint\ielligence\c
<hw>elision</hw> \K/I"lIZ(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPhonet\i the omission of a vowel or syllable in pronouncing (as in \II'm,\i \Ilet's,\i \Ie\i'\Ien).\i\p\B2\b the omission of a passage in a book etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Ielisio\i (as \J\Xelide\x)\j\c
<hw>elite</hw> \K/eI"li:t/, /I-/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \BΘlite)\b\p\B1\b \ISociol\i \I(prec. by \Bthe)\b\i the best or choice part of a larger body or group.\p\B2\b a select group or class.\p\B3\b \IPrinting\i a size of letter in typewriting (12 per inch). \BEtymology:\b \3French from obsolete past part. of \IΘlire\i 'elect', from Romanic\c
<hw>elitism</hw> \K/eI"li:tIz(\F'\n)m/, /I-/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \BΘlitism)\b\p\B1\b \IPolit Sociol\i advocacy of or reliance on leadership or dominance by a select group.\p\B2\b a sense of belonging to an elite. \Belitist\b \In. & adj.\i (also \BΘlitist).\b
<hw>elixir</hw> \K/I"lIks\F'\n/, /-sI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IAlchemy\i \Ba\b a preparation supposedly able to change metals into gold. \Bb\b (in full \Belixir of life)\b a preparation supposedly able to prolong life indefinitely. \Bc\b a supposed remedy for all ills.\p\B2\b \IPharm.\i an aromatic solution used as a medicine or flavouring. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via medieval Latin from Arabic \Ial-iksir,\i from \Ial\i 'the' + \Iiksir,\i probably from Greek \Ixerion\i 'powder for drying wounds' from \Ixeros\i 'dry'\c
<hw>Elizabethan</hw> \K/I%lIz\F'\n"bi:T(\F'\n)n/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i of the time of Queen Elizabeth I (1558-1603) or of Queen Elizabeth II (1952- ).\p\In.\i\pa person, esp. a writer, of the time of Queen Elizabeth I or II.
<hw>elk</hw> \K/Elk/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i same or \Belks)\b \IZool\i\p\B1\b a large deer, Alces alces, of northern Eurasia and N. America, with palmate antlers and a growth of skin hanging from the neck; \Ialso called\i \Imoose.\i\p\B2\b \BN. Amer.\b a wapiti. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, probably representing Old English \Ielh,\i \Ieolh\i\c
<hw>elk-hound</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool.\i\p\B1\b a large hunting dog of a Scandinavian breed with a shaggy coat.\p\B2\b this breed.
<hw>ell</hw> \K/El/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISci Measure\i \Ihist.\i a former measure of length, about 45 inches. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ieln,\i related to Latin \Iulna:\i see \J\Xulna\x\j\c
<hw>ellipse</hw> \K/I"lIps/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeom\i a regular oval, traced by a point moving in a plane so that the sum of its distances from two other points is constant, or resulting when a cone is cut by an oblique plane which does not intersect the base (cf. \J\Xhyperbola\x).\j \BEtymology:\b \3French via Latin \Iellipsus\i from Greek \Ielleipsis,\i from \Ielleipo\i 'come short' from \Ien\i 'in' + \Ileipo\i 'leave'\c
<hw>ellipsis</hw> \K/I"lIpsIs/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bellipse)\b \I(pl.\i \Bellipses\b \K/-si:z/\k) \IGram\i\p\B1\b the omission from a sentence of words needed to complete the construction or sense.\p\B2\b the omission of a sentence at the end of a paragraph.\p\B3\b a set of three dots etc. indicating an omission.
<hw>ellipsoid</hw> \K/I"lIpsOId/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeom\i a solid of which all the plane sections normal to one axis are circles and all the other plane sections are ellipses. \Bellipsoidal\b \K/ElIp"sOId(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i
<hw>elliptic</hw> \K/I"lIptIk/\k \Iadj.\i (also \Belliptical)\b of, relating to, or having the form of an ellipse or ellipsis. \Belliptically\b \Iadv.\i \Bellipticity\b \K/ElIp"tIsIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ielleiptikos\i 'defective', from \Ielleipo\i (as \J\Xellipse\x)\j\c
<hw>elm</hw> \K/Elm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b (also \Belm tree)\b any tree of the genus \IUlmus,\i with rough serrated leaves, esp. (in full \BEnglish elm)\b U. procera.\p\B2\b (in full \Belmwood\b \K/"ElmwUd/\k) the wood of the elm. \Belmy\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English, related to Latin \Iulmus\i\c
<hw>elocution</hw> \K/El\F'\n"kju:S(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPhonet\i the art of clear and expressive speech, esp. of distinct pronunciation and articulation.\p\B2\b a particular style of speaking. \Belocutionary\b \Iadj.\i \Belocutionist\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ielocutio\i from \Ieloqui elocut-\i 'speak out' (as \J\Xe-\x,\j \Iloqui\i 'speak')\c
<hw>elongated</hw> \K/"i:lQNgeItId/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b long in relation to its width.\p\B2\b that has been made longer.\Knew f. NSOED Jun 94\k
<hw>elongation</hw> \K/i:lQN"geIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or an instance of lengthening; the process of being lengthened.\p\B2\b a part of a line etc. formed by lengthening.\p\B3\b \IMech.\i the amount of extension under stress.\p\B4\b \IAstron.\i the angular separation of a planet from the sun or of a satellite from a planet. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Late Latin \Ielongatio\i (as \J\Xelongate\x)\j\c
<hw>elope</hw> \K/I"l\F'\nUp/\k \Iv.intr.\i\p\B1\b run away to marry secretly, esp. without parental consent.\p\B2\b run away with a lover. \Belopement\b\p\In.\i\p\Beloper\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Anglo-French \Ialoper,\i perhaps from a Middle English form \Ialope,\i related to \J\Xleap\x\j\c
<hw>eloquence</hw> \K/"El\F'\nkw\F'\nns/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b fluent and effective use of language.\p\B2\b rhetoric. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Ieloquentia,\i from \Ieloqui\i 'speak out' (as \J\Xe-\x,\j \Iloqui\i 'speak')\c
<hw>eloquent</hw> \K/"El\F'\nkw\F'\nnt/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b possessing or showing eloquence.\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Bof)\b\i clearly expressive or indicative. \Beloquently\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Ieloqui\i (as \J\Xeloquence\x)\j\c
<hw>Elsan</hw> \K/"Elsan/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \Ipropr.\i a type of transportable chemical lavatory. \BEtymology:\b \3apparently from \IE. L.\i Jackson (its manufacturer) + \J\Xsanitation\x\j\c
<hw>else</hw> \K/Els/\k \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b besides; in addition \3(someone else;\c \2nowhere else;\c \2who else).\c\p\B2\b instead; other, different \3(what else could I say?;\c \2he did not love her, but someone else).\c\p\B3\b otherwise; if not \3(run, (or) else you will be late).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ielles,\i related to Latin \Ialius,\i Greek \Iallos\i\c
<hw>elsewhere</hw> \K/Els"wE:/, /"ElswE:/\k \Iadv.\i in or to some other place. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ielles hwµr\i (as \J\Xelse\x,\j \J\Xwhere\x)\j\c
<hw>eluant</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xeluent\x.\j
<hw>eluate</hw> \K/"Elju:\F'\nt/, /-eIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i a solution or gas stream obtained by elution. \BEtymology:\b \3formed as \J\Xeluent\x\j\c
<hw>elude</hw> \K/I"lu:d/, /I"lju:d/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b escape adroitly from (a danger, difficulty, pursuer, etc.); dodge.\p\B2\b avoid compliance with (a law, request, etc.) or fulfilment of (an obligation).\p\B3\b (of a fact, solution, etc.) escape from or baffle (a person's memory or understanding). \Belusion\b \K/-Z(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Kelusory omitted Sep 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ieludere elus-\i (as \J\Xe-\x,\j \Iludere\i 'play')\c
<hw>eluent</hw> \K/"EljU\F'\nnt/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Beluant)\b \IChem.\i a fluid used for elution. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ieluere\i 'wash out' (as \J\Xe-\x,\j \Iluere lut-\i 'wash')\c
<hw>elusive</hw> \K/I"lu:sIv/, /I"lju:-/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b difficult to find or catch; tending to elude.\p\B2\b difficult to remember or recall.\p\B3\b (of an answer etc.) avoiding the point raised; seeking to elude. \Belusively\b \Iadv.\i \Belusiveness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>elute</hw> \K/I"lu:t/, /I"lju:t/\k \Iv.tr.\i \IChem.\i remove (an adsorbed substance) by washing with a solvent. \Belution\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3German \Ieluieren\i (as \J\Xeluent\x)\j\c
<hw>elutriate</hw> \K/I"lu:trIeIt/, /I"lju:-/\k \Iv.tr.\i \IChem.\i separate (lighter and heavier particles in a mixture) by suspension in an upward flow of liquid or gas. \Belutriation\b \K/-"eIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ielutriare elutriat-\i (as \J\Xe-\x,\j \Ilutriare\i 'wash')\c
<hw>elver</hw> \K/"Elv\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a young eel. \BEtymology:\b \3variant of \Ieel-fare\i (from obsolete \Ifare\i 'journey') = a brood of young eels\c
<hw>elves</hw> \I\Ipl.\i of\i \J\Xelf\x.\j
<hw>elvish</hw> \Isee\i \J\Xelf\x.\j
<hw>Elysium</hw> \K/I"lIzI\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMythol\i (also \BElysian Fields)\b (in Greek mythology) the abode of the blessed after death.\p\B2\b a place or state of ideal happiness. \BElysian\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin from Greek \IElusion\i \I(pedion\i 'plain')\c
<hw>elytron</hw> \K/"ElItrQn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Belytra\b \K/-tr\F'\n/\k) \IZool\i each of the two wing-cases of a beetle. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ielutron\i 'sheath'\c
<hw>em</hw> \K/Em/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPrinting\i\p\B1\b a unit for measuring the amount of printed matter in a line, usually equal to the nominal width of capital M.\p\B2\b a unit of measurement equal to 12 points. \BEtymology:\b \3name of the letter \IM\i\c
<hw>em-</hw> \K/Im/, /Em/\k \Iprefix\i \Iassim. form of\i \J\Xen-\x (1),\j \J\Xen-\x (2)\j before \Ib,\i \Ip.\i
<hw>'em</hw> \K/\F'\nm/\k \Ipron.\i \Icolloq.\i them \3(let 'em all come).\c \BEtymology:\b \3originally a form of Middle English \Ihem,\i dative and accusative 3rd person pl. pronoun: now regarded as an abbreviation of \J\Xthem\x\j\c
<hw>emaciate</hw> \K/I"meIsIeIt/, /I"meIS-/\k \Iv.tr.\i (esp. as \Bemaciated\b \Iadj.)\i make abnormally thin or feeble. \Bemaciation\b \K/-"eIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iemaciare emaciat-\i (as \J\Xe-\x,\j \Imacies\i 'leanness')\c
<hw>e-mail</hw> \K/"i:meIl/\k \In. & v.\i (also \Bemail)\b\p\In.\i\p\IComputing\i = \J\Xelectronic mail\x.\j \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b send e-mail to (a person).\p\B2\b send by e-mail.\Kv. new f. Corpus, incomings Oct 93\k
<hw>emanate</hw> \K/"Em\F'\nneIt/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bfrom)\b\i (of an idea, rumour, etc.) issue, originate (from a source).\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bfrom)\b\i (of gas, light, etc.) proceed, issue.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i emit; send forth. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iemanare\i 'flow out'\c
<hw>emanation</hw> \K/Em\F'\n"neIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or process of emanating.\p\B2\b something that emanates from a source (esp. of virtues, qualities, etc.).\p\B3\b \IChem.\i a radioactive gas formed by radioactive decay. \Bemanative\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Iemanatio\i (as \J\Xemanate\x)\j\c
<hw>emancipate</hw> \K/I"mansIpeIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b free from restraint, esp. legal, social, or political.\p\B2\b (usu. as \Bemancipated\b \Iadj.)\i \ISociol\i cause to be less inhibited by moral or social convention.\p\B3\b free from slavery. \Bemancipation\b \K/-"peIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bemancipator\b\p\In.\i\p\Bemancipatory\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iemancipare\i 'transfer property' (as \J\Xe-\x,\j \Imanus\i 'hand' + \Icapere\i 'take')\c
<hw>emasculate</hw> \Iv. & adj.\i \Iv.tr.\i \K/I"maskjUleIt/\k\p\B1\b deprive of force or vigour; make feeble or ineffective.\p\B2\b castrate. \Iadj.\i \K/I"maskjUl\F'\nt/\k\p\B1\b deprived of force or vigour.\p\B2\b castrated.\p\B3\b effeminate. \Bemasculation\b \K/-"leIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bemasculator\b\p\In.\i\p\Bemasculatory\b \K/-l\F'\nt(\F'\n)ri/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iemasculatus,\i past part. of \Iemasculare\i (as \J\Xe-\x,\j \Imasculus,\i diminutive of \Imas\i 'male')\c
<hw>embalm</hw> \K/Im"bA:m/, /Em-/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b preserve (a corpse) from decay, originally with spices, now by means of arterial injection.\p\B2\b preserve from oblivion.\p\B3\b give balmy fragrance to. \Bembalmer\b\p\In.\i\p\Bembalmment\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iembaumer\i (as \J\Xen-\x (1),\j \J\Xbalm\x)\j\c
<hw>embank</hw> \K/Im"baNk/, /Em-/\k \Iv.tr.\i shut in or confine (a river etc.) with an artificial bank.
<hw>embankment</hw> \K/Im"baNkm(\F'\n)nt/, /Em-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeog Engin\i an earth or stone bank for keeping back water, or for carrying a road or railway.
<hw>embargo</hw> \K/Em"bA:g\F'\nU/, /Im-/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-oes)\b\p\B1\b \ICommerce Polit\i an order of a state forbidding foreign ships to enter, or any ships to leave, its ports.\p\B2\b \ICommerce\i an official suspension of commerce or other activity \3(be under an embargo).\c\p\B3\b an impediment. \Iv.tr.\i \B(-oes,\b \B-oed)\b\p\B1\b \ICommerce\i place (ships, trade, etc.) under embargo.\p\B2\b seize (a ship, goods) for state service. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish from \Iembargar\i 'arrest', from Romanic (as \J\Xin-\x (2),\j \J\Xbar\x (1))\j\c
<hw>embark</hw> \K/Im"bA:k/, /Em-/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr. & intr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bfor)\b\i \INaut Aeron\i put or go on board a ship or aircraft (to a destination).\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bon,\b \Bupon)\b\i engage in an activity or undertaking. \Bembarkation\b \K/EmbA:"keIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p(in sense 1). \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iembarquer\i (as \J\Xin-\x (2),\j \J\Xbark\x (3))\j\c
\B\Iembarras de choix\b\i \K/Qm%bara: d\F'\n "SwA:/, French /A~bara d\F'\n Swa/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \B\Iembarras de richesse(s)\b\i \K/ri:"SEs/, French /riSEs/\k) more choices than one needs or can deal with. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = embarrassment of choice, riches\c
<hw>embarrass</hw> \K/Im"bar\F'\ns/, /Em-/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b cause (a person) to feel awkward or self-conscious or ashamed.\p\B2\b (as \Bembarrassed\b \Iadj.)\i encumbered with debts.\p\B3\b hamper, impede.\p\B4\b complicate (a question etc.).\p\B5\b perplex. \Bembarrassedly\b \Iadv.\i \Bembarrassingly\b \Iadv.\i \Bembarrassment\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Iembarrasser\i via Spanish \Iembarazar\i from Italian \Iimbarrare\i 'bar in' (as \J\Xin-\x (2),\j \J\Xbar\x (1))\j\c
<hw>embassy</hw> \K/"Emb\F'\nsi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \IDiplomacy Polit\i \Ba\b the residence or offices of an ambassador. \Bb\b the ambassador and staff attached to an embassy.\p\B2\b a deputation or mission to a foreign country. \BEtymology:\b \3earlier \Iambassy\i via Old French \IambassΘe\i etc. and medieval Latin \Iambasciata\i from Romanic (as \J\Xambassador\x)\j\c
<hw>embattle</hw> \K/Im"bat(\F'\n)l/, /Em-/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \IMil\i \Ba\b set (an army etc.) in battle array. \Bb\b fortify against attack.\p\B2\b provide (a building or wall) with battlements.\p\B3\b (as \Bembattled\b \Iadj.)\i \Ba\b \IMil\i prepared or arrayed for battle. \Bb\b involved in a conflict or difficult undertaking. \Bc\b \IHeraldry\i like battlements in form. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iembataillier\i (as \J\Xen-\x (1),\j \J\Xbattle\x):\j see \J\Xbattlement\x\j\c
<hw>embay</hw> \K/Im"beI/, /Em-/\k \Iv.tr.\i \I(often in \Bpassive)\b\i\p\B1\b enclose in or as in a bay; shut in.\p\B2\b \IGeog\i form (a coast) into bays. \Bembayment\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>embed</hw> \K/Im"bEd/, /Em-/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \Bimbed)\b \B(-bedded,\b \B-bedding)\b\p\B1\b (esp. as \Bembedded\b \Iadj.)\i fix firmly in a surrounding mass \3(embedded in concrete).\c\p\B2\b (of a mass) surround so as to fix firmly.\p\B3\b place in or as in a bed. \Bembedment\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>embellish</hw> \K/Im"bElIS/, /Em-/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b beautify, adorn.\p\B2\b add interest to (a narrative) with fictitious additions. \Bembellisher\b\p\In.\i\p\Bembellishment\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iembellir\i (as \J\Xen-\x (1),\j \Ibel\i 'handsome' from Latin \Ibellus)\i\c
<hw>ember (1)</hw> \K/"Emb\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i a small piece of glowing coal or wood in a dying fire.\p\B2\b an almost extinct residue of a past activity, feeling, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iµmyrge,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>Ember days</hw> \K/"Emb\F'\n/\k \In.pl.\i \IEccl\i any of the days traditionally reserved for fasting and prayer in the Christian Church, now associated with ordinations. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iymbren,\i perhaps from \Iymbryne\i 'period', from \Iymb\i 'about' + \Iryne\i 'course'\c
<hw>embezzle</hw> \K/Im"bEz(\F'\n)l/, /Em-/\k \Iv.tr.\i \I(also \Babsol.)\b\i \ILaw Commerce\i divert (usu. company or public funds) fraudulently to one's own use. \Bembezzlement\b\p\In.\i\p\Bembezzler\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Anglo-French \Iembesiler\i (as \J\Xen-\x (1),\j Old French \Ibesillier\i 'maltreat, ravage', of unknown origin)\c
<hw>embitter</hw> \K/Im"bIt\F'\n/, /Em-/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b arouse bitter feelings in (a person).\p\B2\b make more bitter or painful.\p\B3\b render (a person or feelings) hostile. \Bembitterment\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>emblazon</hw> \K/Im"bleIz(\F'\n)n/, /Em-/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \IHeraldry\i \Ba\b portray conspicuously, as on a heraldic shield. \Bb\b adorn (a shield) with heraldic devices.\p\B2\b adorn brightly and conspicuously.\p\B3\b celebrate, extol. \Bemblazonment\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>emblem</hw> \K/"Embl\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a symbol or representation typifying or identifying an institution, quality, etc.\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bof)\b\i (of a person) the type \3(the very emblem of courage).\c\p\B3\b \IHeraldry\i a heraldic device or symbolic object as a distinctive badge. \Bemblematic\b \K/-"matIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Bemblematical\b \K/-"matIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Bemblematically\b \K/-"matIk(\F'\n)li/\k \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Latin \Iemblema\i from Greek \Iemblema -matos\i 'insertion', from \Iemballo\i 'throw in' (as \J\Xen-\x (1),\j \Iballo\i 'throw')\c
<hw>emblematize</hw> \K/Em"blEm\F'\ntVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b\p\B1\b serve as an emblem of.\p\B2\b represent by an emblem.
<hw>emblements</hw> \K/"EmblIm(\F'\n)nts/\k \In.pl.\i \ILaw\i \IAgriculture\i crops normally harvested annually, regarded as personal property. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iemblaement,\i from \Iemblaier\i (as \J\Xen-\x (1),\j \IblΘ\i 'corn')\c
<hw>embody</hw> \K/Im"bQdi/, /Em-/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(-ies,\b \B-ied)\b\p\B1\b give a concrete or discernible form to (an idea, concept, etc.).\p\B2\b (of a thing or person) be an expression of (an idea etc.).\p\B3\b express tangibly \3(courage embodied in heroic actions).\c\p\B4\b form into a body.\p\B5\b include, comprise.\p\B6\b provide (a spirit) with bodily form. \Bembodiment\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>embolden</hw> \K/Im"b\F'\nUld(\F'\n)n/, /Em-/\k \Iv.tr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bto\b + infin.)\i make bold; encourage.
<hw>embolism</hw> \K/"Emb\F'\nlIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed.\i an obstruction of an artery by a clot of blood, air bubble, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, = intercalation, via Late Latin \Iembolismus\i from Greek \Iembolismos,\i from \Iemballo\i (as \J\Xemblem\x)\j\c
<hw>embolus</hw> \K/"Emb\F'\nl\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bemboli\b \K/-lVI/, /i:/\k) \IMed\i an object causing an embolism. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = piston, from Greek \Iembolos\i 'peg, stopper'\c
<hw>embonpoint</hw> \K/QmbQn"pwA~/\k\p\In.\i\pplumpness (of a person). \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ien bon point\i 'in good condition'\c
<hw>emboss</hw> \K/Im"bQs/, /Em-/\k \Iv.tr.\i \ISculpture\i\p\B1\b carve or mould in relief.\p\B2\b form figures etc. so that they stand out on (a surface).\p\B3\b make protuberant. \Bembosser\b\p\In.\i\p\Bembossment\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, from Old French (as \J\Xen-\x (1),\j \J\Xboss\x (2))\j\c
<hw>embouchure</hw> \K/QmbU"SU\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMus.\i \Ba\b the mode of applying the mouth to the mouthpiece of a brass or wind instrument. \Bb\b the mouthpiece of some instruments.\p\B2\b \IGeog\i the mouth of a river.\p\B3\b \IGeog\i the opening of a valley. \BEtymology:\b \3French from \Is'emboucher\i 'discharge itself by the mouth' (as \J\Xen-\x (1),\j \Ibouche\i 'mouth')\c
<hw>embower</hw> \K/Im"baU\F'\n/, /Em-/\k \Iv.tr.\i \Iliterary\i enclose as in a bower.
<hw>embrace</hw> \K/Im"breIs/, /Em-/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b hold (a person) closely in the arms, esp. as a sign of affection. \Bb\b \I\B(absol.,\b of two people)\i hold each other closely.\p\B2\b clasp, enclose.\p\B3\b accept eagerly (an offer, opportunity, etc.).\p\B4\b adopt (a course of action, doctrine, cause, etc.).\p\B5\b include, comprise.\p\B6\b take in with the eye or mind.\p\In.\i\pan act of embracing; holding in the arms. \Bembraceable\b \Iadj.\i \Bembracement\b\p\In.\i\p\Bembracer\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iembracer,\i ultimately from Latin \Iin-\i \J\Xin-\x (1)\j + \Ibracchium\i 'arm'\c
<hw>embranchment</hw> \K/Im"brA:n(t)Sm(\F'\n)nt/, /Em-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeog. etc.\i a branching-out (of the arm of a river etc.). \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iembranchement\i \J\Xbranch\x\j (as \J\Xen-\x (1),\j \J\Xbranch\x)\j\c
<hw>embrasure</hw> \K/Im"breIZ\F'\n/, /Em-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IArchit\i the bevelling of a wall at the sides of a door or window; splaying.\p\B2\b \IFortification\i a small opening in a parapet of a fortified building, splayed on the inside. \Bembrasured\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French from \Iembraser\i 'splay', of unknown origin\c
<hw>embrittle</hw> \K/Im"brIt(\F'\n)l/, /Em-/\k \Iv.tr.\i make brittle. \Bembrittlement\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>embrocation</hw> \K/Embr\F'\n"keIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a liquid used for rubbing on the body to relieve muscular pain etc. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iembrocation\i or medieval Latin \Iembrocatio,\i ultimately from Greek \Iembrokhe\i 'lotion'\c
<hw>embroider</hw> \K/Im"brOId\F'\n/, /Em-/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \I(also \Babsol.)\b\i \INeedlework\i \Ba\b decorate (cloth etc.) with needlework. \Bb\b create (a design) in this way.\p\B2\b add interest to (a narrative) with fictitious additions. \Bembroiderer\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Anglo-French \Ienbrouder\i (as \J\Xen-\x (1),\j Old French \Ibrouder,\i \Ibroisder\i from Germanic)\c
<hw>embroidery</hw> \K/Im"brOId(\F'\n)ri/, /Em-/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \INeedlework\i\p\B1\b the art of embroidering.\p\B2\b embroidered work; a piece of this.\p\B3\b unnecessary or extravagant ornament.\p\B4\b fictitious additions to (a story etc.).\Ksense 4 new from POD8\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Anglo-French \Ienbrouderie\i (as \J\Xembroider\x)\j\c
<hw>embroil</hw> \K/Im"brOIl/, /Em-/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i involve (a person) in conflict or difficulties.\p\B2\b bring (affairs) into a state of confusion. \Bembroilment\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Iembrouiller\i (as \J\Xen-\x (1),\j \J\Xbroil\x (2))\j\c
<hw>embryo</hw> \K/"EmbrI\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b \IBiol\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b an unborn or unhatched offspring. \Bb\b a human offspring in the first eight weeks from conception.\p\B2\b a rudimentary plant contained in a seed.\p\B3\b a thing in a rudimentary stage.\p\B4\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i undeveloped, immature.\p\1in embryo\c undeveloped. \Bembryoid\b \Iadj.\i \Bembryonal\b \K/"EmbrI\F'\nn(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Bembryonic\b \K/EmbrI"QnIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Bembryonically\b \K/-"QnIk(\F'\n)li/\k \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Iembryo -onis\i from Greek \Iembruon\i 'foetus' (as \J\Xen-\x (2),\j \Ibruo\i 'swell, grow')\c
<hw>embryogenesis</hw> \K/%EmbrI\F'\nU"dZEnIsIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiol\i the formation of an embryo.
<hw>embryology</hw> \K/EmbrI"Ql\F'\ndZi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiol\i the study of embryos. \Bembryologic\b \K/-brI\F'\n"lQdZIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Bembryological\b \K/-brI\F'\n"lQdZIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Bembryologically\b \K/-brI\F'\n"lQdZIk(\F'\n)li/\k \Iadv.\i \Bembryologist\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>embus</hw> \K/Im"bVs/, /Em-/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B(embused,\b \Bembusing\b or \Bembussed,\b \Bembussing)\b \IMil.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i put (troops, equipment, etc.) into a motor vehicle.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \ITransport\i board a motor vehicle.
<hw>-eme</hw> \K/i:m/\k \Isuffix\i \ILinguistics\i forming nouns denoting units of structure etc. \3(grapheme;\c \2morpheme).\c \BEtymology:\b \3French \I-Φme\i 'unit' from Greek \I-ema\i\c
<hw>emend</hw> \K/I"mEnd/\k \Iv.tr.\i \IPublishing etc.\i edit (a text etc.) to remove errors and corruptions. \Bemendation\b \K/i:mEn"deIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bemendator\b \K/"i:mEndeIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bemendatory\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Iemendare\i (as \J\Xe-\x,\j \Imenda\i 'fault')\c
<hw>emerald</hw> \K/"Em(\F'\n)r(\F'\n)ld/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a bright green precious stone, a variety of beryl.\p\B2\b (in full \Bemerald green)\b the colour of this.\p\B3\b \IZool\i (in full \Bemerald moth)\b any of several green geometrid moths.\Ksense 3 new f. NSOED May 94\k \Iadj.\i (in full \Bemerald green;\b hyphenated when \Iattrib.)\i bright green.\Kadj. new f. SOED, corpus Nov 94\k \Bemeraldine\b \K/-dVIn/, /-dIn/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iemeraude,\i \Iesm-,\i ultimately from Greek \Ismaragdos\i\c
<hw>emerge</hw> \K/I"m\F'\n:dZ/\k \Iv.intr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bfrom)\b\i\p\B1\b come up or out into view, esp. when formerly concealed.\p\B2\b come up out of a liquid.\p\B3\b (of facts, circumstances, etc.) come to light, become known, esp. as a result of enquiry etc.\p\B4\b become recognized or prominent \3(emerged as a leading contender).\c\p\B5\b (of a question, difficulty, etc.) become apparent.\p\B6\b survive (an ordeal etc.) with a specified result \3(emerged unscathed).\c \Bemergence\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iemergere emers-\i (as \J\Xe-\x,\j \Imergere\i 'dip')\c
<hw>emergency</hw> \K/I"m\F'\n:dZ(\F'\n)nsi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b a sudden state of danger, conflict, etc., requiring immediate action.\p\B2\b \IMed\i \Ba\b a medical condition requiring immediate treatment. \Bb\b a patient with such a condition.\p\B3\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i characterized by or for use in an emergency \3(emergency exit).\c\p\B4\b \BAustral.\b \ISport\i a reserve player. \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Iemergentia\i (as \J\Xemerge\x)\j\c
<hw>emergent</hw> \K/I"m\F'\n:dZ(\F'\n)nt/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b becoming apparent; emerging.\p\B2\b \IPolit\i (of a nation) newly formed or made independent.
<hw>emeritus</hw> \K/I"mErIt\F'\ns/, /i:-/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b retired and retaining one's title as an honour \3(emeritus professor;\c \2professor emeritus).\c\p\B2\b honourably discharged from service. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, past part. of \Iemereri\i (as \J\Xe-\x,\j \Imereri\i 'earn')\c
<hw>emerse</hw> \K/I"m\F'\n:s/\k \Iadj.\i \IBot.\i (of part of an aquatic plant) reaching above the surface of the water \I(opp.\i \J\Xsubmerse\x).\j\Knew f. corpus Sept 94\k \Bemersed\b \Iadj.\i
<hw>emersion</hw> \K/I"m\F'\n:S(\F'\n)n/, /i:-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or an instance of emerging, esp. from water.\p\B2\b \IAstron.\i the reappearance of a celestial body after its eclipse or occultation. \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Iemersio\i (as \J\Xemerge\x)\j\c
<hw>emery</hw> \K/"Em(\F'\n)ri/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMineral\i a coarse rock of corundum and magnetite or haematite used for polishing metal or other hard materials.\p\B2\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i covered with emery. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IΘmeri(l)\i from Italian \Ismeriglio,\i ultimately from Greek \Ismuris,\i \Ismeris\i 'polishing powder'\c
<hw>emery board</hw>\p\In.\i\pa strip of thin wood or board coated with emery or another abrasive, used as a nail file.
<hw>emery paper</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bemery cloth)\b paper or cloth covered with emery, used for polishing or cleaning metals etc.
<hw>emetic</hw> \K/I"mEtIk/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IMed Pharm\i \Iadj.\i that causes vomiting.\p\In.\i\pan emetic medicine. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iemetikos\i from \Iemeo\i 'vomit'\c
<hw>EMF</hw> \Iabbr.\i \ISci\i\p\B1\b (usu. \Bemf)\b electromotive force.\p\B2\b electromagnetic field(s).\Ksense 2 new f. incomings Dec 94\k\p\B3\b European Monetary Fund.
<hw>-emia</hw> \BUS\b \Ivar. of\i \J\X-aemia\x.\j
<hw>emigrant</hw> \K/"EmIgr(\F'\n)nt/\k \In. & adj.\i \IPolit\i\p\In.\i\pa person who emigrates. \Iadj.\i emigrating.
<hw>emigrate</hw> \K/"EmIgreIt/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\IPolit\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i leave one's own country to settle in another.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i assist (a person) to emigrate. \Bemigration\b \K/-"greIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bemigratory\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iemigrare emigrat-\i (as \J\Xe-\x,\j \Imigrare\i 'depart')\c
<hw>ΘmigrΘ</hw> \K/"EmIgreI/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bemigre)\b \IPolit\i an emigrant, esp. a political exile. \BEtymology:\b \3French, past part. of \IΘmigrer\i \J\Xemigrate\x\j\c
<hw>eminence</hw> \K/"EmIn\F'\nns/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b distinction; recognized superiority.\p\B2\b \IGeog\i a piece of rising ground.\p\B3\b \B(Eminence)\b a title used in addressing or referring to a cardinal \3(Your Eminence;\c \2His Eminence).\c\p\B4\b an important person. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ieminentia\i (as \J\Xeminent\x)\j\c
\B\IΘminence grise\b\i \K/%EmInQ~s "gri:z/, French /EminA~s griz/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B\IΘminences grises\b\i \Ipronunc.\i same)\p\B1\b a person who exercises power or influence without holding office.\p\B2\b a confidential agent. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = grey eminence (see \J\Xeminence\x):\j originally applied to Cardinal Richelieu's grey-cloaked private secretary, PΦre Joseph (d. 1638)\c
<hw>eminent</hw> \K/"EmIn\F'\nnt/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b distinguished, notable.\p\B2\b (of qualities) remarkable in degree. \Beminently\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Ieminere eminent-\i 'jut'\c
<hw>eminent domain</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i sovereign control over all property in a state, with the right of expropriation.
<hw>emir</hw> \K/E"mI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i\p\B1\b a title of various Muslim rulers.\p\B2\b \Iarchaic\i a male descendant of Muhammad. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IΘmir\i from Arabic '\Iamir:\i cf. \J\Xamir\x\j\c
<hw>emirate</hw> \K/"EmI\F'\nr\F'\nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i the rank, domain, or reign of an emir.
<hw>emissary</hw> \K/"EmIs(\F'\n)ri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IPolit\i a person sent on a special mission (usu. diplomatic, formerly usu. odious or underhand). \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iemissarius\i 'scout, spy' (as \J\Xemit\x)\j\c
<hw>emission</hw> \K/I"mIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bof)\b\i the process or an act of emitting.\p\B2\b a thing emitted. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iemissio\i (as \J\Xemit\x)\j\c
<hw>emission spectrum</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics Sci\i a spectrum of the electromagnetic radiation emitted by a source.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. jan 94\k
<hw>emissive</hw> \K/I"mIsIv/\k \Iadj.\i having the power to radiate light, heat, etc. \Bemissivity\b \K/i:mI"sIvIti/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>emit</hw> \K/I"mIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(emitted,\b \Bemitting)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b send out (heat, light, vapour, etc.). \Bb\b \IPhysiol\i discharge from the body.\p\B2\b utter (a cry etc.). \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iemittere emiss-\i (as \J\Xe-\x,\j \Imittere\i 'send')\c
<hw>emitter</hw> \K/I"mIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a thing which emits something.\p\B2\b \IElectronics\i a region in a transistor producing carriers of current.
<hw>Emmental</hw> \K/"Em\F'\nntA:l/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \BEmmenthal)\b \IFood\i a kind of hard Swiss cheese with many holes in it, similar to GruyΦre. \BEtymology:\b \3German \IEmmentaler\i from \IEmmental,\i a valley in Switzerland, where it is made\c
<hw>emmer</hw> \K/"Em\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a kind of wheat, Triticum dicoccum, grown mainly for fodder. \BEtymology:\b \3German from old High German \Iamer\i 'spelt'\c
<hw>emmet</hw> \K/"EmIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i \Iarchaic\i or \Idial.\i an ant. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iµmete:\i see \J\Xant\x\j\c
<hw>Emmy</hw> \K/"Emi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \BEmmys)\b \IBroadcasting Telev\i (in the US) a statuette awarded annually to an outstanding television programme or performer. \BEtymology:\b \3perhaps from \IImmy\i = \Iimage orthicon\i (a kind of television camera tube)\c
<hw>emollient</hw> \K/I"mQlI\F'\nnt/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i that softens or soothes the skin.\p\In.\i\pan emollient agent. \Bemollience\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iemollire\i (as \J\Xe-\x,\j \Imollis\i 'soft')\c
<hw>emolument</hw> \K/I"mQljUm(\F'\n)nt/, /E-/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i a salary, fee, or profit from employment or office. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iemolument\i or Latin \Iemolumentum,\i originally probably 'payment for corn-grinding', from \Iemolere\i (as \J\Xe-\x,\j \Imolere\i 'grind')\c
<hw>emote</hw> \K/I"m\F'\nUt/\k \Iv.intr.\i \Icolloq.\i show excessive emotion. \Bemoter\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3back-formation from \J\Xemotion\x\j\c
<hw>emotion</hw> \K/I"m\F'\nUS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a strong mental or instinctive feeling such as love or fear.\p\B2\b emotional intensity or sensibility \3(he spoke with emotion).\c\Ksense 2 new from POD8\k \Bemotionless\b \Iadj.\i\K-less new from corpus, SOED\k \BEtymology:\b \3earlier = agitation, disturbance of the mind, from French \IΘmotion,\i from \IΘmouvoir\i 'excite'\c
<hw>emotional</hw> \K/I"m\F'\nUS(\F'\n)n(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of or relating to the emotions.\p\B2\b (of a person) easily affected by or readily displaying emotion.\p\B3\b expressing or based on emotion \3(an emotional appeal).\c\p\B4\b arousing emotion \3(an emotional issue).\c \Bemotionalism\b\p\In.\i\p\Bemotionalist\b\p\In.\i\p\Bemotionality\b \K/-"nalIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bemotionalize\b \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise).\b \Bemotionally\b \Iadv.\i See Usage Note at \J\Xemotive\x.\j
<hw>emotive</hw> \K/I"m\F'\nUtIv/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of or characterized by emotion.\p\B2\b arousing emotion.\p\B3\b arousing feeling; not purely descriptive. \Bemotively\b \Iadv.\i \Bemotiveness\b\p\In.\i\p\Bemotivity\b \K/i:m\F'\nU"tIvIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iemovere emot-\i (as \J\Xe-\x,\j \Imovere\i 'move')\c Although the senses of \Iemotive\i and \Iemotional\i overlap, e.g. both \Ian emotive issue\i and \Ian emotional issue\i are common, \Iemotive\i should not be used of people to mean 'emotional'. It is wrong to say \IHe is an emotive person\i unless what is meant is that he arouses emotion in others, and it is similarly incorrect to say \IThey reacted emotively.\i
<hw>empanel</hw> \K/Im"pan(\F'\n)l/, /Em-/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \Bimpanel)\b \B(-panelled,\b \B-panelling;\b \BUS\b \B-paneled,\b \B-paneling)\b \ILaw\i enrol or enter on a panel (those eligible for jury service). \Bempanelment\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Anglo-French \Iempaneller\i (as \J\Xen-\x (1),\j \J\Xpanel\x)\j\c
<hw>empathize</hw> \K/"Emp\F'\nTVIz/\k\p\Iv.\i\p(also \B-ise)\b \IPsychol.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bwith)\b\i exercise empathy.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i treat with empathy.
<hw>empathy</hw> \K/"Emp\F'\nTi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPsychol.\i the power of identifying oneself mentally with (and so fully comprehending) a person or object of contemplation. \Bempathetic\b \K/-"TEtIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Bempathetically\b \K/-"TEtIk(\F'\n)li/\k \Iadv.\i \Bempathic\b \K/Em"paTIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Bempathically\b \K/Em"paT-/\k \Iadv.\i \Bempathist\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3translation of German \IEinfⁿhlung\i (from \Iein\i 'in' + \IFⁿhlung\i 'feeling'), on the pattern of Greek \Iempatheia:\i see \J\Xsympathy\x\j\c
<hw>empennage</hw> \K/Em"pEnIdZ/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAeron.\i an arrangement of stabilizing surfaces at the tail of an aircraft. \BEtymology:\b \3French, from \Iempenner\i 'to feather' (an arrow)\c
<hw>emperor</hw> \K/"Emp(\F'\n)r\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i\p\B1\b the sovereign of an empire.\p\B2\b a sovereign of higher rank than a king. \Bemperorship\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iemperere,\i \Iempereor\i from Latin \Iimperator -oris,\i from \Iimperare\i 'command'\c
<hw>emperor moth</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a large moth, Saturnia pavonia, related to the silk moths, with eye-spots on all four wings.
<hw>emperor penguin</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i the largest kind of penguin, Aptenodytes forsteri, of the Antarctic.
<hw>emphasis</hw> \K/"Emf\F'\nsIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bemphases\b \K/-si:z/\k)\p\B1\b special importance or prominence attached to a thing, fact, idea, etc. \3(emphasis on economy).\c\p\B2\b \ILinguistics Phonet\i stress laid on a word or words to indicate special meaning or importance.\p\B3\b vigour or intensity of expression, feeling, action, etc.\p\B4\b prominence, sharpness of contour. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin from Greek, from \Iemphaino\i 'exhibit' (as \J\Xen-\x (2),\j \Iphaino\i 'show')\c
<hw>emphasize</hw> \K/"Emf\F'\nsVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b\p\B1\b bring (a thing, fact, etc.) into special prominence.\p\B2\b \ILinguistics Phonet\i lay stress on (a word in speaking).
<hw>emphatic</hw> \K/Im"fatIk/, /Em-/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b (of language, tone, or gesture) forcibly expressive.\p\B2\b \ILinguistics Phonet\i (of words): \Ba\b bearing the stress. \Bb\b used to give emphasis.\p\B3\b expressing oneself with emphasis.\p\B4\b (of an action or process) forcible, significant. \Bemphatically\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Iemphaticus\i from Greek \Iemphatikos\i (as \J\Xemphasis\x)\j\c
<hw>emphysema</hw> \K/EmfI"si:m\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i\p\B1\b enlargement of the air sacs of the lungs causing breathlessness.\p\B2\b a swelling caused by the presence of air in the connective tissues of the body. \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin from Greek \Iemphusema,\i from \Iemphusao\i 'puff up'\c
<hw>empire</hw> \K/"EmpVI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPolit\i an extensive group of states or countries under a single supreme authority, esp. an emperor or empress.\p\B2\b \Ba\b supreme dominion. \Bb\b \I(often foll. by \Bover)\b\i \Iarchaic\i absolute control.\p\B3\b \ICommerce\i a large commercial organization etc. owned or directed by one person or group.\p\B4\b \B(the Empire)\b \Ihist.\i \Ba\b the British Empire. \Bb\b the Holy Roman Empire.\p\B5\b a type or period of government in which the sovereign is called emperor or empress.\p\B6\b \B(Empire)\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i \Ba\b denoting a style of furniture or dress fashionable during the first (1804-14) or second (1852-70) French Empire. \Bb\b \BBrit.\b denoting produce from the Commonwealth. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Iimperium,\i related to \Iimperare:\i see \J\Xemperor\x\j\c
<hw>empire builder</hw>\p\In.\i\pa person who deliberately acquires extra territory, authority, etc., seeking power for its own sake. \Bempire building\b\p\In.\i\p\K-ing new from SOED\k
<hw>Empire Day</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Ihist.\i the former name of Commonwealth Day, originally 24 May.
<hw>empiric</hw> \K/Em"pIrIk/, /Im-/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i = \J\Xempirical\x.\j\p\In.\i\p\Iarchaic\i\p\B1\b a person relying solely on experiment.\p\B2\b a quack doctor. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iempiricus\i from Greek \Iempeirikos,\i from \Iempeiria\i 'experience' from \Iempeiros\i 'skilled'\c
<hw>empirical</hw> \K/Em"pIrIk(\F'\n)l/, /Im-/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b based or acting on observation or experiment, not on theory.\p\B2\b \IPhilos.\i regarding sense data as valid information.\p\B3\b deriving knowledge from experience alone. \Bempirically\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>empirical formula</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i a formula giving the proportions of the elements present in a compound but not the actual numbers or arrangement of atoms.
<hw>empiricism</hw> \K/Em"pIrIsIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhilos.\i the theory that all knowledge is derived from sense-experience. \Bempiricist\b \In. & adj.\i\Knew as hwd f. OERD Jun 94\k
<hw>emplacement</hw> \K/Im"pleIsm(\F'\n)nt/, /Em-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or an instance of putting in position.\p\B2\b \IMil\i a platform or defended position where a gun is placed for firing.\p\B3\b situation, position. \BEtymology:\b \3French (as \J\Xen-\x (1),\j \J\Xplace\x)\j\c
<hw>emplane</hw> \K/Im"pleIn/, /Em-/\k \Iv.intr. & tr.\i (also \Benplane\b \K/In-/, /En-/\k) \IAeron\i go or put on board an aeroplane.
<hw>employ</hw> \K/Im"plOI/, /Em-/\k \Iv. & n.\i \ICommerce\i \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b use the services of (a person) in return for payment; keep (a person) in one's service.\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Bfor,\b \Bin,\b \Bon)\b\i use (a thing, time, energy, etc.) esp. to good effect.\p\B3\b \I(often foll. by \Bin)\b\i keep (a person) occupied.\p\In.\i\pthe state of being employed, esp. for wages.\p\1in the employ of\c employed by. \Bemployable\b \Iadj.\i \Bemployability\b \K/-"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bemployer\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iemployer,\i ultimately from Latin \Iimplicari\i 'be involved' from \Iimplicare\i 'enfold': see \J\Ximplicate\x\j\c
<hw>employee</hw> \K/EmplOI"i:/, /Em"plOIi:/, /Im-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b also \Bemploye)\b \ICommerce\i a person employed for wages or salary, esp. at non-executive level.
<hw>employment</hw> \K/Im"plOIm(\F'\n)nt/, /Em-/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i\p\B1\b the act of employing or the state of being employed.\p\B2\b a person's regular trade or profession.
<hw>employment agency</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i a business that finds employers or employees for those seeking them.
<hw>employment office</hw>\p\In.\i\p(formerly \Bemployment exchange)\b \Besp. Brit.\b any of a number of government offices concerned with advising and finding work for the unemployed.
<hw>empolder</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Ximpolder\x.\j
<hw>emporium</hw> \K/Em"pO:rI\F'\nm/, /Im-/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bemporia\b \K/-rI\F'\n/\k or \B-ums)\b \ICommerce\i\p\B1\b a large retail store selling a wide variety of goods.\p\B2\b a centre of commerce, a market. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin from Greek \Iemporion,\i from \Iemporos\i 'merchant'\c
<hw>empower</hw> \K/Im"paU\F'\n/, /Em-/\k \Iv.tr.\i \I(foll. by \Bto\b + infin.)\i\p\B1\b authorize, license.\p\B2\b give power to; make able. \Bempowerment\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>empress</hw> \K/"EmprIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i\p\B1\b the wife or widow of an emperor.\p\B2\b a woman emperor. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iemperesse,\i fem. of \Iemperere\i \J\Xemperor\x\j\c
<hw>empty</hw> \K/"Em(p)ti/\k \Iadj., v., & n.\i \Iadj.\i \B(emptier,\b \Bemptiest)\b\p\B1\b containing nothing.\p\B2\b (of a house etc.) unoccupied or unfurnished.\p\B3\b (of a transport vehicle etc.) without a load, passengers, etc.\p\B4\b \Ba\b meaningless, hollow, insincere \3(empty threats;\c \2an empty gesture).\c \Bb\b without substance or purpose \3(an empty existence).\c\p\B5\b \Icolloq.\i hungry.\p\B6\b \I(foll. by \Bof)\b\i devoid, lacking.\p\Iv.\i\p\B(-ies,\b \B-ied)\b\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b make empty; remove the contents of. \Bb\b \I(foll. by \Bof)\b\i deprive of certain contents \3(emptied the room of its chairs).\c\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \I(often foll. by \Binto)\b\i transfer (the contents of a container).\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i become empty.\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Binto)\b\i (of a river) discharge itself (into the sea etc.).\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \Icolloq.\i a container (esp. a bottle) left empty of its contents.\p\1on an empty stomach\c \Isee\i \J\Xstomach\x.\j \Bemptily\b \Iadv.\i \Bemptiness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iµmtig,\i \Iµmetig,\i from \Iµmetta\i 'leisure'\c
<hw>empty-handed</hw> \Iadj.\i \I(usu. \Bpredic.)\b\i\p\B1\b bringing or taking nothing.\p\B2\b having achieved or obtained nothing.\Kgra field from POD8 aaw\k
<hw>empty-headed</hw> \Iadj.\i foolish; lacking common sense.
<hw>empty-nester</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Besp. N. Amer.\b either of a couple whose children have grown up and left home.
<hw>empurple</hw> \K/Im"p\F'\n:p(\F'\n)l/, /Em-/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b make purple or red.\p\B2\b make angry.
<hw>empyema</hw> \K/EmpVI"i:m\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed.\i a collection of pus in a cavity, esp. in the pleura. \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin from Greek \Iempuema,\i from \Iempueo\i 'suppurate' (as \J\Xen-\x (2),\j \Ipuon\i 'pus')\c
<hw>empyrean</hw> \K/EmpVI"ri:\F'\nn/, /-pI-/, /Em"pIrI\F'\nn/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\ITheol Philos\i\p\B1\b the highest heaven, as the sphere of fire in ancient cosmology or as the abode of God in early Christianity.\p\B2\b \Ipoet.\i the visible heavens. \Iadj.\i of the empyrean. \Bempyreal\b \K/EmpVI"ri:\F'\nl/, /-pI-/, /Em"pIrI\F'\nl/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Iempyreus\i from Greek \Iempurios\i (as \J\Xen-\x (2),\j \Ipur\i 'fire')\c
<hw>em rule</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IPrinting\i a long dash used in punctuation.
<hw>EMS</hw> \Iabbr.\i \ICommerce\i European Monetary System.
<hw>EMU</hw> \K/i:Em"ju:/, /"i:mju:/\k \Iabbr.\i \IEcon\i economic and monetary union (of the EC); European monetary union.\Knew in COD9 from POD8\k
<hw>emu</hw> \K/"i:mju:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a large flightless bird, Dromaius novaehollandiae, native to Australia, and capable of running at high speed. \BEtymology:\b \3earlier \Iemia,\i \Ieme,\i from Portuguese \Iema\i\c
<hw>emulate</hw> \K/"EmjUleIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b try to equal or excel.\p\B2\b imitate zealously.\p\B3\b rival.\p\B4\b \IComputing\i reproduce the function or action of (a different computer or software system).\Ksense 4 new f. NSOED, Incs Oct 94\k \Bemulation\b \K/-"leIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bemulative\b \K/-l\F'\ntIv/\k \Iadj.\i \Bemulator\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iaemulari\i (as \J\Xemulous\x)\j\c
<hw>emulous</hw> \K/"EmjUl\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bof)\b\i seeking to emulate.\p\B2\b actuated by a spirit of rivalry. \Bemulously\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Iaemulus\i 'rival'\c
<hw>emulsifier</hw> \K/I"mVlsIfVI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i\p\B1\b any substance that stabilizes an emulsion, esp. a food additive used to stabilize processed foods.\p\B2\b an apparatus used for producing an emulsion.
<hw>emulsify</hw> \K/I"mVlsIfVI/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(-ies,\b \B-ied)\b \IChem\i convert into an emulsion. \Bemulsifiable\b \Iadj.\i \Bemulsification\b \K/-fI"keIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>emulsion</hw> \K/I"mVlS(\F'\n)n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IChem\i a fine dispersion of one liquid in another, esp. as paint, medicine, etc.\p\B2\b \IPhotog\i a mixture of a silver compound suspended in gelatin etc. for coating photographic plates or films.\p\B3\b \BBrit.\b = \J\Xemulsion paint\x.\j\Ksense 3 new from SOED\k \Iv.tr.\i \BBrit.\b paint with emulsion paint.\Kv. new from SOED\k \Bemulsionize\b \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise).\b \Bemulsive\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \IΘmulsion\i or modern Latin \Iemulsio,\i from \Iemulgere\i (as \J\Xe-\x,\j \Imulgere muls-\i 'to milk')\c
<hw>emulsion paint</hw>\p\In.\i\pa paint consisting of pigment bound in a synthetic resin which forms an emulsion with water.
<hw>en</hw> \K/En/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPrinting\i a unit of measurement equal to half an em. \BEtymology:\b \3name of the letter \IN\i\c
<hw>en- (1)</hw> \K/In/, /En/\k \Iprefix\i (also \Bem-\b before \Ib,\i \Ip)\i forming verbs, = \J\Xin-\x (1):\j\p\B1\b from nouns, meaning 'put into or on' \3(engulf;\c \2entrust;\c \2embed).\c\p\B2\b from nouns or adjectives, meaning 'bring into the condition of' \3(enslave);\c often with the suffix \I-en\i \3(enlighten).\c\p\B3\b from verbs: \Ba\b in the sense 'in, into, on' \3(enfold).\c \Bb\b as an intensive \3(entangle).\c \BEtymology:\b \3from or suggested by French \Ien-\i from Latin \Iin-\i\c
<hw>en- (2)</hw> \K/In/, /En/\k \Iprefix\i (also \Bem-\b before \Ib,\i \Ip)\i in, inside \3(energy;\c \2enthusiasm).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Greek\c
<hw>-en (1)</hw> \K/(\F'\n)n/\k \Isuffix\i forming verbs:\p\B1\b from adjectives, usu. meaning 'make or become so or more so' \3(deepen;\c \2fasten;\c \2moisten).\c\p\B2\b from nouns \3(happen;\c \2strengthen).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \I-nian,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>-en (2)</hw> \K/(\F'\n)n/\k \Isuffix\i (also \B-n)\b forming adjectives from nouns, meaning:\p\B1\b made or consisting of (often with extended and figurative senses) \3(wooden).\c\p\B2\b resembling; of the nature of \3(golden;\c \2silvern).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Old English from Germanic\c
<hw>-en (3)</hw> \K/(\F'\n)n/\k \Isuffix\i (also \B-n)\b forming past participles of strong verbs:\p\B1\b as a regular inflection \3(spoken;\c \2sworn).\c\p\B2\b with restricted sense \3(drunken).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Old English from Germanic\c
<hw>-en (4)</hw> \K/(\F'\n)n/\k \Isuffix\i forming the plural of a few nouns \3(children;\c \2brethren;\c \2oxen).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English reduction of Old English \I-an\i\c
<hw>-en (5)</hw> \K/In/, /(\F'\n)n/\k \Isuffix\i forming diminutives of nouns \3(chicken;\c \2maiden).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Old English from Germanic\c
<hw>-en (6)</hw> \K/(\F'\n)n/\k \Isuffix\i\p\B1\b forming feminine nouns \3(vixen).\c\p\B2\b forming abstract nouns \3(burden).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Old English from Germanic\c
<hw>enable</hw> \K/In"eIb(\F'\n)l/, /En-/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \I(foll. by \Bto\b + infin.)\i give (a person etc.) the means or authority to do something.\p\B2\b make possible.\p\B3\b \Iesp. Computing\i make (a device) operational; switch on. \Benablement\b\p\In.\i\p\K-ment new from SOED, corpus\k \Benabler\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>enabling act</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i a statute empowering a person or body to take certain action.\Ksense 2 omitted Nov 94\k
<hw>enact</hw> \K/I"nakt/, /E-/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \I(often foll. by \Bthat\b + clause)\i ordain, decree. \Bb\b \ILaw\i make (a bill etc.) law.\p\B2\b play (a part or scene on stage or in life). \Benactable\b \Iadj.\i \Benaction\b\p\In.\i\p\Benactive\b \Iadj.\i \Benactor\b\p\In.\i\p\Kenactory omitted\k
<hw>enactment</hw> \K/I"naktm(\F'\n)nt/, /E-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ILaw\i a law enacted.\p\B2\b the process of enacting.
<hw>enamel</hw> \K/I"nam(\F'\n)l/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IArt Furniture Pottery\i a glasslike opaque or semi-transparent coating on metallic or other hard surfaces for ornament or as a preservative lining.\p\B2\b \Ba\b a smooth hard coating. \Bb\b = \J\Xenamel paint\x.\j\Ksense 2b new from POD8\k \Bc\b a cosmetic simulating this.\p\B3\b \IDentistry Anat\i the hard glossy natural coating over the crown of a tooth.\p\B4\b \IArt\i a work of art done in enamel.\p\B5\b \Ipoet.\i a smooth bright surface colouring, verdure, etc. \Iv.tr.\i \B(enamelled,\b \Benamelling;\b \BUS\b \Benameled,\b \Benameling)\b\p\B1\b inlay or encrust (a metal etc.) with enamel.\p\B2\b portray (figures etc.) with enamel.\p\B3\b \Iarchaic\i adorn with varied colours. \Benameller\b\p\In.\i\p\Benamelwork\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Anglo-French \Ienameler,\i \Ienamailler\i (as \J\Xen-\x (1),\j Old French \Iesmail,\i from Germanic)\c
<hw>enamel paint</hw>\p\In.\i\pa paint that dries to give a smooth hard coat.
<hw>enamour</hw> \K/I"nam\F'\n/, /E-/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(US\b \Benamor)\b \I(usu. in \Bpassive;\b\i \Ifoll. by \Bof)\b\i\p\B1\b inspire with love or liking.\p\B2\b charm, delight. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ienamourer,\i from \Iamourer\i (as \J\Xen-\x (1),\j \J\Xamour\x)\j\c
<hw>enanthema</hw> \K/En\F'\nn"Ti:m\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed.\i an ulcer etc. occurring on a mucus-secreting surface such as the inside of the mouth. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from Greek \Ienanthema\i 'eruption' (as \J\Xen-\x (1),\j \J\Xexanthema\x)\j\c
<hw>enantiomer</hw> \K/I"nantI\F'\n(U)m\F'\n/, /E-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i a molecule that is the mirror image of another; an optical isomer. \Benantiomeric\b \K/-"mErIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ienantios\i 'opposite' + \J\X-mer\x\j\c
<hw>enantiomorph</hw> \K/I"nantI\F'\n(U)mO:f/, /E-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i a mirror image; a form (esp. of a crystal structure etc.) related to another as an object is to its mirror image. \Benantiomorphic\b \K/-"mO:fIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Benantiomorphism\b \K/-"mO:fIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\Benantiomorphous\b \K/-"mO:f\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3German, from Greek \Ienantios\i 'opposite' + \Imorphe\i 'form'\c
<hw>enarthrosis</hw> \K/EnA:"Tr\F'\nUsIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Benarthroses\b \K/-si:z/\k) \IAnat.\i a ball-and-socket joint. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek, from \Ienarthros\i 'jointed' (as \J\Xen-\x (2),\j \Iarthron\i 'joint')\c
<hw>en bloc</hw> \K/Q~ "blQk/\k \Iadv.\i in a block; all at the same time; wholesale. \BEtymology:\b \3French\c
\B\Ien brosse\b\i \K/Q~ "brQs/, French /A~ brOs/\k \Iadj.\i \IHairdressing\i (of hair) cut short and bristly. \BEtymology:\b \3French\c
<hw>enc.</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xencl.\x\j\Knew from file\k
<hw>encaenia</hw> \K/En"si:nI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IEducation\i (at Oxford University) an annual celebration in memory of founders and benefactors.\p\B2\b a dedication festival. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin from Greek \Iegkainia\i (as \J\Xen-\x (2),\j \Ikainos\i 'new')\c
<hw>encage</hw> \K/In"keIdZ/, /En-/\k \Iv.tr.\i confine in or as in a cage.
<hw>encamp</hw> \K/In"kamp/, /En-/\k \Iv.tr. & intr.\i\p\B1\b \IMil\i settle in a military camp.\p\B2\b lodge in the open in tents.
<hw>encampment</hw> \K/In"kampm(\F'\n)nt/, /En-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMil\i a place where troops etc. are encamped.\p\B2\b the process of setting up a camp.
<hw>encapsulate</hw> \K/In"kapsjUleIt/, /En-/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b enclose in or as in a capsule.\p\B2\b summarize; express the essential features of.\p\B3\b isolate. \Bencapsulation\b \K/-"leIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xen-\x (1)\j + Latin \Icapsula\i \J\Xcapsule\x\j\c
<hw>encase</hw> \K/In"keIs/, /En-/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \Bincase)\b\p\B1\b put into a case.\p\B2\b surround as with a case. \Bencasement\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>encash</hw> \K/In"kaS/, /En-/\k \Iv.tr.\i \BBrit.\b \ICommerce\i\p\B1\b convert (bills etc.) into cash.\p\B2\b receive in the form of cash; realize. \Bencashable\b \Iadj.\i \Bencashment\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>encaustic</hw> \K/En"kO:stIk/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IArt Pottery\i (in painting, ceramics, etc.) using pigments mixed with hot wax, which are burned in as an inlay.\p\B2\b (of bricks and tiles) inlaid with differently coloured clays burnt in.\p\In.\i\p\IPainting\i\p\B1\b the art of encaustic painting.\p\B2\b a painting done with this technique. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iencausticus\i from Greek \Iegkaustikos\i (as \J\Xen-\x (2),\j \J\Xcaustic\x)\j\c
<hw>-ence</hw> \K/(\F'\n)ns/\k \Isuffix\i forming nouns expressing:\p\B1\b a quality or state or an instance of one \3(patience;\c \2an impertinence).\c\p\B2\b an action \3(reference;\c \2reminiscence).\c \BEtymology:\b \3from or suggested by French \I-ence,\i from Latin \I-entia,\i \I-antia\i (cf. \J\X-ance\x)\j from pres. part. stem \I-ent-,\i \I-ant-\i\c
<hw>enceinte</hw> \K/Q~"sa~t/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\IMil Fortification\i an enclosure, esp. in fortification. \Iadj.\i \IMed\i \Iarchaic\i pregnant. \BEtymology:\b \3French, ultimately from Latin \Icingere cinct-\i 'gird': see \J\Xcincture\x\j\c
<hw>encephalic</hw> \K/EnsI"falIk/, /En"kEf(\F'\n)lIk/\k \Iadj.\i \IBiol\i of or relating to the brain. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iegkephalos\i 'brain' (as \J\Xencephalo-\x)\j\c
<hw>encephalitis</hw> \K/En%sEf\F'\n"lVItIs/, /-%kEf-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i inflammation of the brain. \Bencephalitic\b \K/-"lItIk/\k \Iadj.\i
<hw>encephalitis lethargica</hw> \K/lI"TA:dZIk\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i an infectious encephalitis caused by a virus, with headache and drowsiness leading to coma; sleepy sickness.
<hw>encephalogram</hw> \K/En"sEf(\F'\n)l\F'\n(U)gram/, /En"kEf-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i an X-ray photograph of the brain.
<hw>encephalograph</hw> \K/En"sEf(\F'\n)l\F'\n(U)grA:f/, /En"kEf-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i an instrument for recording the electrical activity of the brain.
<hw>encephalomyelitis</hw> \K/En%sEf(\F'\n)l\F'\nUmVI\F'\n"lVItIs/, /En%kEf-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed.\i inflammation of the brain and spinal cord, esp. due to viral infection.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Jan 94\k
<hw>encephalon</hw> \K/En"sEf\F'\nlQn/, /-"kEf-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnat.\i the brain.
<hw>encephalopathy</hw> \K/En%sEf\F'\n"lQp\F'\nTi/, /En%kEf-/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IPathol\i a disease of the brain.
<hw>enchain</hw> \K/In"tSeIn/, /En-/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b chain up, fetter.\p\B2\b hold fast (the attention, emotions, etc.). \Benchainment\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from French \Ienchaεner,\i ultimately from Latin \Icatena\i 'chain'\c
<hw>enchant</hw> \K/In"tSA:nt/, /En-/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b charm, delight.\p\B2\b bewitch. \Benchantedly\b \Iadv.\i \Benchanting\b \Iadj.\i \Benchantingly\b \Iadv.\i \Benchantment\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via French \Ienchanter\i from Latin \Iincantare\i (as \J\Xin-\x (2),\j \Icanere cant-\i 'sing')\c
<hw>enchanter</hw> \K/In"tSA:nt\F'\n/, /En-/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(fem.\i \Benchantress\b\K/-trIs/\k) a person who enchants, esp. by supposed use of magic.
<hw>enchanter's nightshade</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot.\i a small plant, Circaea lutetiana, with white flowers.
<hw>enchase</hw> \K/In"tSeIs/, /En-/\k \Iv.tr.\i \IJewellery\i\p\B1\b \I(foll. by \Bin)\b\i place (a jewel) in a setting.\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bwith)\b\i set (gold etc.) with gems.\p\B3\b inlay with gold etc.\p\B4\b adorn with figures in relief.\p\B5\b engrave. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from French \IenchΓsser\i (as \J\Xen-\x (1),\j \J\Xchase\x (2))\j\c
<hw>enchilada</hw> \K/EntSI"lA:d\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICookery Food\i a tortilla with chilli sauce and usu. a filling, esp. meat. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin American Spanish, fem. past part. of \Ienchilar\i 'season with chilli'\c
<hw>enchiridion</hw> \K/EnkVI"rIdI\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Benchiridions\b or \Benchiridia\b \K/-dI\F'\n/\k) \Iformal\i a handbook. \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin from Greek \Iegkheiridion\i (as \J\Xen-\x (2),\j \Ikheir\i 'hand', diminutive suffix \I-idion)\i\c
<hw>encipher</hw> \K/In"sVIf\F'\n/, /En-/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b write (a message etc.) in cipher.\p\B2\b convert into coded form using a cipher. \Bencipherment\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>encircle</hw> \K/In"s\F'\n:k(\F'\n)l/, /En-/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bwith)\b\i surround, encompass.\p\B2\b form a circle round. \Bencirclement\b\p\In.\i\p
\B\Ien clair\b\i \K/Q~ "klE:/, French /A~ klEr/\k \Iadj. & adv.\i \ITelegraphy\i (of a telegram, official message, etc.) in ordinary language (not in code or cipher). \BEtymology:\b \3French, literally 'in clear'\c
<hw>enclasp</hw> \K/In"klA:sp/, /En-/\k \Iv.tr.\i hold in a clasp or embrace.
<hw>enclave</hw> \K/"EnkleIv/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPolit\i a portion of territory of one state surrounded by territory of another or others, as viewed by the surrounding territory \I(cf.\i \J\Xexclave\x).\j\p\B2\b \ISociol\i a group of people who are culturally, intellectually, or socially distinct from those surrounding them. \BEtymology:\b \3French from \Ienclaver\i 'enclose, dovetail', ultimately from Latin \Iclavis\i 'key'\c
<hw>enclitic</hw> \K/In"klItIk/, /En-/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IGram.\i \Iadj.\i (of a word) pronounced with so little emphasis that it forms part of the preceding word.\p\In.\i\psuch a word, e.g. \Inot\i in \Icannot.\i \Benclitically\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Iencliticus\i from Greek \Iegklitikos\i (as \J\Xen-\x (2),\j \Iklino\i 'lean')\c
<hw>enclose</hw> \K/In"kl\F'\nUz/, /En-/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \Binclose)\b\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bwith,\b \Bin)\b\i \Ba\b surround with a wall, fence, etc. \Bb\b shut in on all sides.\p\B2\b \IAgriculture\i fence in (common land) so as to make it private property.\p\B3\b put in a receptacle (esp. in an envelope together with a letter).\p\B4\b (usu. as \Benclosed\b \Iadj.)\i \IEccl\i seclude (a religious community) from the outside world.\p\B5\b \Iesp. Math.\i bound on all sides; contain.\p\B6\b hem in on all sides. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ienclos,\i past part. of \Ienclore,\i ultimately from Latin \Iincludere\i (as \J\Xinclude\x)\j\c
<hw>enclosure</hw> \K/In"kl\F'\nUZ\F'\n/, /En-/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Binclosure)\b\p\B1\b \IAgriculture\i the act of enclosing, esp. of common land.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b \ISport\i an enclosed space or area, esp. for a special class of persons at a sporting event.\p\B3\b a thing enclosed with a letter.\p\B4\b an enclosing fence etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Anglo-French & Old French (as \J\Xenclose\x)\j\c
<hw>encode</hw> \K/In"k\F'\nUd/, /En-/\k \Iv.tr.\i put (a message etc.) into code or cipher. \Bencoder\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>encomiast</hw> \K/En"k\F'\nUmIast/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the composer of an encomium.\p\B2\b a flatterer. \Bencomiastic\b \K/-"astIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iegkomiastes\i (as \J\Xencomium\x)\j\c
<hw>encomium</hw> \K/En"k\F'\nUmI\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bencomiums\b or \Bencomia\b \K/-mI\F'\n/\k) a formal or high-flown expression of praise. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin from Greek \Iegkomion\i (as \J\Xen-\x (2),\j \Ikomos\i 'revelry')\c
<hw>encompass</hw> \K/In"kVmp\F'\ns/, /En-/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b surround or form a circle about, esp. to protect or attack.\p\B2\b contain. \Bencompassment\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>encore</hw> \K/"QNkO:/\k \In., v., & int.\i \ITheatr\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a call by an audience or spectators for the repetition of an item, or for a further item.\p\B2\b such an item. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b call for the repetition of (an item).\p\B2\b call back (a performer) for this. \Iint.\i \Kalso /-"kO:/\k again, once more. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = again\c
<hw>encounter</hw> \K/In"kaUnt\F'\n/, /En-/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b meet by chance or unexpectedly.\p\B2\b meet as an adversary.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a meeting by chance.\p\B2\b a meeting in conflict.\p\B3\b participation in an encounter group. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iencontrer,\i \Iencontre,\i ultimately from Latin \Icontra\i 'against'\c
<hw>encounter group</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPsychol\i a group of persons seeking psychological benefit through close contact with one another.
<hw>encourage</hw> \K/In"kVrIdZ/, /En-/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b give courage, confidence, or hope to.\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bto\b + infin.)\i urge, advise.\p\B3\b stimulate by help, reward, etc.\p\B4\b promote or assist (an enterprise, opinion, etc.). \Bencouragement\b\p\In.\i\p\Bencourager\b\p\In.\i\p\Bencouraging\b \Iadj.\i \Bencouragingly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from French \Iencourager\i (as \J\Xen-\x (1),\j \J\Xcourage\x)\j\c
<hw>encroach</hw> \K/In"kr\F'\nUtS/, /En-/\k \Iv.intr.\i\p\B1\b \I(foll. by \Bon,\b \Bupon)\b\i intrude, esp. on another's territory or rights.\p\B2\b advance gradually beyond due limits. \Bencroacher\b\p\In.\i\p\Bencroachment\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iencrochier\i 'seize, fasten upon' (as \J\Xen-\x (1),\j \Icrochier\i from \Icroc\i 'hook': see \J\Xcrook\x)\j\c
<hw>encrust</hw> \K/In"krVst/, /En-/\k\p\Iv.\i\p(also \Bincrust)\b\p\B1\b \Itr.\i cover with a crust.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i overlay with an ornamental crust of precious material.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i form a crust. \Bencrustment\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Iincruster\i from Latin \Iincrustare\i (as \J\Xin-\x (2),\j \Icrustare\i from \Icrusta\i \J\Xcrust\x)\j\c
<hw>encrypt</hw> \K/En"krIpt/\k \Iv.tr.\i \IComputing\i\p\B1\b convert (data) into code, esp. to prevent unauthorized access.\p\B2\b conceal by this means. \Bencryption\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xen-\x (1)\j + Greek \Ikruptos\i 'hidden'\c
<hw>encumber</hw> \K/In"kVmb\F'\n/, /En-/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b be a burden to; hamper, impede.\p\B2\b burden (a person or estate) with debts, esp. mortgages.\p\B3\b fill or block (a place) esp. with lumber.\Kencumberment omitted May 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iencombrer\i 'block up' from Romanic\c
<hw>encumbrance</hw> \K/In"kVmbr(\F'\n)ns/, /En-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a burden; an impediment; an annoyance.\p\B2\b \ILaw\i a mortgage or other charge on property.\p\1without encumbrance\c \Iarchaic\i having no children. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iencombrance\i (as \J\Xencumber\x)\j\c
<hw>-ency</hw> \K/(\F'\n)nsi/\k \Isuffix\i forming nouns denoting a quality \3(efficiency;\c \2fluency)\c or state \3(presidency)\c but not action \I(cf.\i \J\X-ence\x).\j \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \I-entia\i (cf. \J\X-ancy\x)\j\c
<hw>encyclical</hw> \K/En"sIklIk(\F'\n)l/, /In-/, /-"sVIk-/\k \In. & adj.\i \IRC Ch\i\p\In.\i\pa papal letter sent to all bishops of the Roman Catholic Church. \Iadj.\i (of a letter) for wide circulation. \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Iencyclicus\i from Greek \Iegkuklios\i (as \J\Xen-\x (2),\j \Ikuklos\i 'circle')\c
<hw>encyclopedia</hw> \K/En%sVIkl\F'\n(U)"pi:dI\F'\n/, /In-/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bencyclopaedia)\b \ILiterature\i a book, often in several volumes, giving information on many subjects, or on many aspects of one subject, usu. arranged alphabetically. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin, from spurious Greek \Iegkuklopaideia\i for \Iegkuklios paideia\i 'all-round education': cf. \J\Xencyclical\x\j\c
<hw>encyclopedist</hw> \K/En%sVIkl\F'\n(U)"pi:dIst/, /In-/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bencyclopaedist)\b a person who writes, edits, or contributes to an encyclopedia.
<hw>encyst</hw> \K/In"sIst/, /En-/\k \Iv.tr. & intr.\i \IBiol.\i enclose or become enclosed in a cyst. \Bencystation\b \K/-"teIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bencystment\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>end</hw> \K/End/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the extreme limit; the point beyond which a thing does not continue. \Bb\b an extremity of a line, or of the greatest dimension of an object. \Bc\b the furthest point \3(to the ends of the earth).\c\p\B2\b the surface bounding a thing at either extremity; an extreme part \3(a strip of wood with a nail in one end).\c\p\B3\b \Ba\b conclusion, finish \3(no end to his misery).\c \Bb\b the latter or final part. \Bc\b death, destruction, downfall \3(met an untimely end).\c \Bd\b result, outcome. \Be\b an ultimate state or condition.\p\B4\b \Ba\b a thing one seeks to attain; a purpose \3(will do anything to achieve his ends;\c \2to what end?).\c \Bb\b the object for which a thing exists.\p\B5\b a remnant; a piece left over \3(cigarette end).\c\p\B6\b \I(prec. by \Bthe)\b\i \Icolloq.\i the limit of endurability.\p\B7\b \ISport\i the half of a sports pitch or court occupied by one team or player.\p\B8\b the part or share with which a person is concerned \3(no problem at my end).\c\p\B9\b \IBowls\i a unit of play in which play is from one side of the green towards the other.\p\B10\b \IAmer. Football\i a player positioned nearest the sideline along the line of scrimmage.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr. & intr.\i bring or come to an end.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i put an end to; destroy.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bin)\b\i have as its result \3(will end in tears).\c\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bby)\b\i do or achieve eventually \3(ended by marrying an heiress).\c\p\1all ends up\c completely.\p\1at an end\c exhausted or completed.\p\1at the end of one's tether\c \Isee\i \J\Xtether\x.\j\p\1come to a bad (or sticky) end\c meet with ruin or disgrace.\p\1come to an end\c\p\B1\b be completed or finished.\p\B2\b become exhausted.\p\1end it all\c (or \Bend it)\b \Icolloq.\i commit suicide.\p\1end of the road\c the point at which a hope or endeavour has to be abandoned.\Kidm subsumed Jun 94\k\p\1end of the world\c the cessation of mortal life.\p\1end on\c with the end facing one, or with the end adjoining the end of the next object.\p\1end to end\c with the end of each of a series adjoining the end of the next.\p\Bend up\b reach a specified state, action, or place eventually \3(ended up a drunkard;\c \2ended up making a fortune).\c\p\1in the end\c finally; after all.\p\1keep one's end up\c do one's part despite difficulties.\p\1make an end of\c put a stop to.\p\1make ends (or both ends) meet\c live within one's income.\p\1no end\c \Icolloq.\i to a great extent, very much.\p\1no end of\c \Icolloq.\i much or many of.\p\1on end\c\p\B1\b upright \3(hair stood on end).\c\p\B2\b continuously \3(for three weeks on end).\c\p\1put an end to\c\p\B1\b stop (an activity etc.).\p\B2\b abolish, destroy.\Kender omitted\k \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iende,\i \Iendian,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>-end</hw> \K/End/\k \Isuffix\i forming nouns in the sense 'person or thing to be treated in a specified way' \3(dividend;\c \2reverend).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Latin gerundive ending \I-endus\i\c
<hw>endanger</hw> \K/In"deIn(d)Z\F'\n/, /En-/\k \Iv.tr.\i place in danger. \Bendangerment\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>endangered species</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a species in danger of extinction.
<hw>end-around</hw> \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\IAmer. Football\i an offensive play in which an end carries the ball round the opposite end. \Iadj.\i \IComputing\i involving the transfer of a digit from one end of a register to the other.
<hw>endearment</hw> \K/In"dI\F'\nm(\F'\n)nt/, /En-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an expression of affection.\p\B2\b liking, affection.
<hw>endeavour</hw> \K/In"dEv\F'\n/, /En-/\k \Iv. & n.\i \B(US\b \Bendeavor)\b \Iv.intr.\i\p\B1\b \I(foll. by \Bto\b + infin.)\i try earnestly.\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bafter)\b\i \Iarchaic\i strive.\p\In.\i\p\I(often foll. by \Bat,\b or \Bto\b + infin.)\i effort directed towards a goal; an earnest attempt. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from \Iput oneself in devoir\i 'do one's utmost': see \J\Xdevoir\x\j\c
<hw>endemic</hw> \K/En"dEmIk/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i regularly or only found among a particular people or in a certain region.\p\In.\i\pan endemic disease or plant. \Bendemically\b \Iadv.\i \Bendemicity\b \K/EndI"mIsIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bendemism\b \K/"EndImIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \IendΘmique\i or modern Latin \Iendemicus\i from Greek \Iendemos\i 'native' (as \J\Xen-\x (2),\j \Idemos\i 'the people')\c
<hw>endermic</hw> \K/En"d\F'\n:mIk/\k \Iadj.\i \IMed\i acting on or through the skin. \Bendermically\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xen-\x (2)\j + Greek \Iderma\i 'skin'\c
<hw>endgame</hw> \K/"En(d)geIm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChess Bridge\i the final stage of a game (esp. chess), when few pieces remain.
<hw>ending</hw> \K/"EndIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an end or final part, esp. of a story.\p\B2\b \IGram\i an inflected final part of a word. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English (as \J\Xend\x,\j \J\X-ing\x (1))\j\c
<hw>endive</hw> \K/"EndVIv/, /-dIv/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b (in full \Bcurly endive)\b a curly-leaved plant, Cichorium endivia, used in salads.\p\B2\b \BN. Amer.\b a chicory crown. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Late Latin \Iendivia,\i ultimately from Greek \Ientubon\i\c
<hw>endless</hw> \K/"EndlIs/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b infinite; without end; eternal.\p\B2\b continual, incessant \3(tired of their endless complaints).\c\p\B3\b \Icolloq.\i innumerable.\p\B4\b \IMech\i (of a belt, chain, etc.) having the ends joined for continuous action over wheels etc. \Bendlessly\b \Iadv.\i \Bendlessness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iendeleas\i (as \J\Xend\x,\j \J\X-less\x)\j\c
<hw>endocarditis</hw> \K/%End\F'\nUkA:"dVItIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i inflammation of the endocardium. \Bendocarditic\b \K/-"dItIk/\k \Iadj.\i
<hw>endocardium</hw> \K/End\F'\nU"kA:dI\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnat\i the lining membrane of the heart. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xendo-\x\j + Greek \Ikardia\i 'heart'\c
<hw>endocarp</hw> \K/"End\F'\n(U)kA:p/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i the innermost layer of the pericarp. \Bendocarpic\b \K/-"kA:pIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xendo-\x\j + \J\Xpericarp\x\j\c
<hw>endocrine</hw> \K/"End\F'\n(U)krVIn/, /-krIn/\k \Iadj.\i \IPhysiol Anat\i (of a gland) secreting directly into the blood; ductless. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xendo-\x\j + Greek \Ikrino\i 'sift'\c
<hw>endocrinology</hw> \K/%End\F'\nUkrI"nQl\F'\ndZi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiochem\i the study of the structure and physiology of endocrine glands. \Bendocrinological\b \K/-n\F'\n"lQdZIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Bendocrinologist\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>endoderm</hw> \K/"End\F'\n(U)d\F'\n:m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiolZool\i the innermost layer of cells or tissue of an embryo in early development. \Bendodermal\b \K/-"d\F'\n:m(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\Kendodermic omitted after OERD Oct 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xendo-\x\j + Greek \Iderma\i 'skin'\c
<hw>endogamy</hw> \K/En"dQg\F'\nmi/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IAnthropol.\i marrying within the same tribe.\p\B2\b \IBot.\i pollination from the same plant. \Bendogamous\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xendo-\x\j + Greek \Igamos\i 'marriage'\c
<hw>endogenous</hw> \K/En"dQdZIn\F'\ns/, /In-/\k \Iadj.\i \IBiol\i growing or originating from within. \Bendogenesis\b \K/End\F'\n(U)"dZEnIsIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bendogeny\b \K/En"dQdZIni/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>endolymph</hw> \K/"End\F'\nUlImf/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnat\i the fluid in the membranous labyrinth of the ear.
<hw>endometriosis</hw> \K/%End\F'\n(U)mi:trI"\F'\nUsIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i the appearance of endometrial tissue outside the womb.\Knew from NSOED, endometritis omitted as less common\k
<hw>endometrium</hw> \K/End\F'\n(U)"mi:trI\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnat.\i the membrane lining the womb. \Bendometrial\b \K/End\F'\n(U)"mi:trI\F'\nl/\k \Iadj.\i\K-ial new from SOED\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xendo-\x\j + Greek \Imetra\i 'womb'\c
<hw>endomorph</hw> \K/"End\F'\n(U)mO:f/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPhysiol\i a person with a soft round build of body and a high proportion of fat tissue \I(cf.\i \J\Xectomorph\x,\j \J\Xmesomorph\x).\j\p\B2\b \IMineral.\i a mineral enclosed within another. \Bendomorphic\b \K/-"mO:fIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Bendomorphy\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xendo-\x\j + Greek \Imorphe\i 'form'\c
<hw>endoparasite</hw> \K/End\F'\nU"par\F'\nsVIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiol\i a parasite that lives on the inside of its host. \IAlso called\i \Ientoparasite.\i
<hw>endoplasm</hw> \K/"End\F'\n(U)plaz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiol.\i the more fluid granular inner layer of the cytoplasm in some protozoans \I(cf.\i \J\Xectoplasm\x 1).\j
<hw>endoplasmic reticulum</hw> \K/End\F'\nU"plazmIk/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiol.\i a network of membranous tubules within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell, continuous with the nuclear membrane and usu. having ribosomes attached.
<hw>endorphin</hw> \K/En"dO:fIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiochem.\i any of a group of peptide neurotransmitters occurring naturally in the brain and having pain-relieving properties. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iendorphine,\i from \IendogΦne\i 'endogenous' + \J\Xmorphine\x\j\c
<hw>endorse</hw> \K/In"dO:s/, /En-/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \Bindorse)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b confirm (a statement or opinion). \Bb\b declare one's approval of.\p\B2\b \ICommerce\i sign or write on the back of (a document), esp. the back of (a bill, cheque, etc.) as the payee or to specify another as payee.\p\B3\b write (an explanation or comment) on the back of a document.\p\B4\b \BBrit.\b \ILaw\i enter details of a conviction for a motoring offence on (a driving licence). \Bendorsable\b \Iadj.\i \Bendorsee\b \K/EndO:"si:/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bendorser\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Iindorsare\i (as \J\Xin-\x (2),\j Latin \Idorsum\i 'back')\c
<hw>endorsement</hw> \K/In"dO:sm(\F'\n)nt/, /En-/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bindorsement)\b\p\B1\b the act or an instance of endorsing.\p\B2\b something with which a document etc. is endorsed, esp. a signature.\p\B3\b \ILaw\i a record in a driving licence of a conviction for a motoring offence.\p\B4\b \ICommerce\i a recommendation of a product which can be cited in advertising material.\Ksense 4 new from files, DJT\k
<hw>endoscope</hw> \K/"End\F'\nsk\F'\nUp/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISurgery\i an instrument for viewing the internal parts of the body. \Bendoscopic\b \K/-"skQpIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Bendoscopically\b \K/-"skQpIk(\F'\n)li/\k \Iadv.\i \Bendoscopist\b \K/En"dQsk\F'\npIst/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bendoscopy\b \K/En"dQsk\F'\npi/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>endoskeleton</hw> \K/"End\F'\nU%skElIt(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool Anat\i an internal skeleton, as found in vertebrates, echinoderms, etc.
<hw>endosperm</hw> \K/"End\F'\n(U)sp\F'\n:m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i albumen enclosed with the germ in seeds.
<hw>endospore</hw> \K/"End\F'\n(U)spO:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiol\i\p\B1\b a spore formed by certain bacteria.\p\B2\b the inner coat of a spore.
<hw>endothelium</hw> \K/End\F'\n(U)"Ti:lI\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnat.\i a layer of cells lining the blood vessels, heart, and lymphatic vessels. \Bendothelial\b \Iadj.\i\K-ial new from SOED, corpus\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xendo-\x\j + Greek \Ithele\i 'teat'\c
<hw>endothermic</hw> \K/End\F'\nU"T\F'\n:mIk/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IPhysics\i \IChem.\i occurring or formed with the absorption of heat.\p\B2\b \IZool.\i dependent on or capable of internal generation of heat.\Ksense 2 new f. NSOED May 94\k \Bendothermy\b\p\In.\i\p(in sense 2).\Kendothermy new f. NSOED May 94\k
<hw>endotoxin</hw> \K/"End\F'\nU%tQksIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed Biol\i a toxin present inside a bacterial cell and released when it disintegrates.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Jan 94\k
<hw>endow</hw> \K/In"daU/, /En-/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b bequeath or give a permanent income to (a person, institution, etc.).\p\B2\b (esp. as \Bendowed\b \Iadj.)\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bwith)\b\i invest or provide (a person or thing) with a talent, ability, quality, etc. \Bendower\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Anglo-French \Iendouer\i (as \J\Xen-\x (1),\j Old French \Idouer\i ultimately from Latin \Idos dotis\i \J\Xdower\x)\j\c
<hw>endowment</hw> \K/In"daUm(\F'\n)nt/, /En-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or an instance of endowing.\p\B2\b assets, esp. property or income with which a person or body is endowed.\p\B3\b \I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i skill, talent, etc., with which a person is endowed.\p\B4\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i \ICommerce\i denoting forms of insurance involving payment by the insurer of a sum on a specified date, or on the death of the insured person if earlier.
<hw>endowment mortgage</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ICommerce\i a mortgage linked to endowment insurance of the mortgagor's life, the capital being repaid from the sum insured.
<hw>endpaper</hw> \K/"En(d)peIp\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPrinting\i a usu. blank leaf of paper at the beginning and end of a book, fixed to the inside of the cover.
<hw>end-play</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBridge\i a method of play in the last few tricks to force an opponent to make a disadvantageous lead.
<hw>end point</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ISci\i the final stage of a process, esp. the point at which an effect is observed in titration, dilution, etc.
<hw>end product</hw>\p\In.\i\pthe final product of manufacture, radioactive decay, etc.
<hw>end result</hw>\p\In.\i\pfinal outcome.
<hw>end run</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IAmer. Football\i an attempt by the ball-carrier to run round his or her own end.\p\B2\b \BUS\b an evasive tactic esp. in war or politics.
<hw>end standard</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ISci\i a standard of length in the form of a metal bar or block with the end faces the standard distance apart.
<hw>end-stopped</hw> \Iadj.\i \IProsody\i (of verse) having a pause at the end of each line.
<hw>endue</hw> \K/In"dju:/, /En-/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \Bindue)\b \B(-dues,\b \B-dued,\b \B-duing)\b \I(foll. by \Bwith)\b\i \Iliterary\i invest or provide (a person or thing) with qualities, powers, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3earlier = induct, put on clothes: Middle English via Old French \Ienduire\i from Latin \Iinducere\i 'lead in', associated in meaning with Latin \Iinduere\i 'put on (clothes)'\c
<hw>endurance</hw> \K/In"djU\F'\nr(\F'\n)ns/, /En-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the power or habit of enduring \3(beyond endurance).\c\p\B2\b the ability to withstand prolonged strain \3(endurance test).\c\p\B3\b the act of enduring. \BEtymology:\b \3Old French from \Iendurer:\i see \J\Xendure\x\j\c
<hw>endure</hw> \K/In"djU\F'\n/, /En-/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i undergo (a difficulty, hardship, etc.).\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b tolerate (a person) \3(cannot endure him).\c \Bb\b \I(esp. with \Bneg.;\b\i \Ifoll. by \Bto\b + infin.)\i bear.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i remain in existence; last.\p\B4\b \Itr.\i submit to. \Bendurable\b \Iadj.\i \Bendurability\b \K/-"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Benduringly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iendurer\i from Latin \Iindurare\i 'harden' (as \J\Xin-\x (2),\j \Idurus\i 'hard')\c
<hw>enduro</hw> \K/In"djU\F'\nr\F'\nU/, /En-/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b \ISport Motor Racing\i a long-distance race for motor vehicles, designed to test endurance.
<hw>end-user</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i the person, customer, etc., who is the ultimate user of a product.
<hw>endways</hw> \K/"EndweIz/\k \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b with its end uppermost or foremost or turned towards the viewer.\p\B2\b end to end.
<hw>end zone</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAmer. Football\i the rectangular area at the end of the field into which the ball must be carried or passed to score a touchdown.\Knew f. OERD, corpus, Inc., Oct 94\k
<hw>ENE</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IGeog\i east-north-east.
<hw>-ene</hw> \K/i:n/\k \Isuffix\i\p\B1\b \IPeople\i forming names of inhabitants of places \3(Nazarene).\c\p\B2\b \IChem.\i forming names of unsaturated hydrocarbons containing a double bond \3(benzene;\c \2ethylene).\c \BEtymology:\b \3from or suggested by Greek \I-enos\i\c
<hw>enema</hw> \K/"EnIm\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Benemas\b or \Benemata\b \K/I"nEm\F'\nt\F'\n/\k) \IMed\i\p\B1\b the injection of liquid or gas into the rectum, esp. to expel its contents.\p\B2\b a fluid or syringe used for this. \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin from Greek \Ienema,\i from \Ieniemi\i 'inject' (as \J\Xen-\x (2),\j \Ihiemi\i 'send')\c
<hw>enemy</hw> \K/"En\F'\nmi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b a person or group actively opposing or hostile to another, or to a cause etc.\p\B2\b \IMil\i \Ba\b a hostile nation or army, esp. in war. \Bb\b a member of this. \Bc\b a hostile ship or aircraft.\p\B3\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bof,\b \Bto)\b\i an adversary or opponent.\p\B4\b a thing that harms or injures.\p\B5\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i of or belonging to an enemy \3(destroyed by enemy action).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ienemi\i from Latin \Iinimicus\i (as \J\Xin-\x (1),\j \Iamicus\i 'friend')\c
<hw>energetics</hw> \K/En\F'\n"dZEtIks/\k \In.pl.\i \I(usu. treated as \Bsing.)\b\i \IPhysics\i the science of energy.
<hw>energize</hw> \K/"En\F'\ndZVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b\p\B1\b infuse energy into (a person or work).\p\B2\b provide energy for the operation of (a device). \Benergizer\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>energumen</hw> \K/En\F'\n"gju:m\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\pan enthusiast or fanatic. \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Ienergumenus\i from Greek \Ienergoumenos,\i passive part. of \Ienergeo:\i see \J\Xenergetic\x\j\c
<hw>energy</hw> \K/"En\F'\ndZi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b force, vigour; capacity for activity.\p\B2\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i individual powers in use \3(devote your energies to this).\c\p\B3\b \IPhysics\i the capacity of matter or radiation to do work.\p\B4\b the means of doing work as provided by the utilization of physical or chemical resources \3(nuclear energy).\c \BEtymology:\b \3French \IΘnergie\i or Late Latin \Ienergia\i from Greek \Ienergeia,\i from \Iergon\i 'work'\c
<hw>enervate</hw> \Iv. & adj.\i \Iv.tr.\i \K/"En\F'\nveIt/\k deprive of vigour or vitality. \Iadj.\i \K/I"n\F'\n:v\F'\nt/\k enervated. \Benervation\b \K/En\F'\n"veIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ienervatus,\i past part. of \Ienervare\i (as \J\Xe-\x,\j \Inervus\i 'sinew')\c
\B\Ien famille\b\i \K/Q~ fa"mi:/, French /A~ famij/\k \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b in or with one's family.\p\B2\b at home. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = in family\c
\B\Ienfant gΓtΘ\b\i \K/%Q~fQ~ ga"teI/, French /A~fA~ gAte/\k\p\In.\i\pa person given undue flattery or indulgence. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = spoilt child\c
\B\Ienfant terrible\b\i \K/%Q~fQ~ tE"ri:bl(\F'\n)/, French /A~fA~ tEribl/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B\Ienfants terribles\b\i \Ipronunc.\i same) a person who causes embarrassment by indiscreet or unruly behaviour. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = terrible child\c
<hw>enfeeble</hw> \K/In"fi:b(\F'\n)l/, /En-/\k \Iv.tr.\i make feeble. \Benfeeblement\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ienfeblir\i (as \J\Xen-\x (1),\j \J\Xfeeble\x)\j\c
\B\Ien fΩte\b\i \K/Q~ "feIt/, French /A~ fEt/\k \Iadv. & predic.adj.\i holding or ready for a holiday or celebration. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = in festival\c
<hw>enfetter</hw> \K/In"fEt\F'\n/, /En-/\k \Iv.tr.\i \Iliterary\i\p\B1\b bind in or as in fetters.\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bto)\b\i enslave.
<hw>enfilade</hw> \K/EnfI"leId/\k \In. & v.\i \IMil\i\p\In.\i\pgunfire directed along a line from end to end. \Iv.tr.\i direct an enfilade at (troops, a road, etc.). \BEtymology:\b \3French from \Ienfiler\i (as \J\Xen-\x (1),\j \Ifil\i 'thread')\c
<hw>enforce</hw> \K/In"fO:s/, /En-/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \ILaw\i compel observance of (a law etc.).\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bon,\b \Bupon)\b\i impose (an action, conduct, one's will).\p\B3\b persist in (a demand or argument). \Benforceable\b \Iadj.\i \Benforceability\b \K/-s\F'\n"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Benforcedly\b \K/-sIdli/\k \Iadv.\i \Benforcer\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ienforcir,\i \I-ier,\i ultimately from Latin \Ifortis\i 'strong'\c
<hw>enforcement</hw> \K/In"fO:sm(\F'\n)nt/, /En-/\k\p\In.\i\pthe act or an instance of enforcing. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French, as \J\Xenforce\x\j + \J\X-ment\x\j\c
<hw>enforcement notice</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ILaw\i an official notification to remedy a breach of planning legislation.
<hw>enfranchise</hw> \K/In"fran(t)SVIz/, /En-/\k \Iv.tr.\i \IPolit Law\i\p\B1\b give (a person) the right to vote.\p\B2\b give (a town) municipal rights, esp. that of representation in Parliament.\p\B3\b \Ihist.\i free (a slave, villein, etc.). \Benfranchisement\b \K/-Izm(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old French \Ienfranchir\i (as \J\Xen-\x (1),\j \Ifranc franche\i 'free': see \J\Xfrank\x)\j\c
<hw>engage</hw> \K/In"geIdZ/, /En-/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \Besp. Brit.\b employ or hire (a person).\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b \I(usu. in \Bpassive)\b\i employ busily; occupy \3(are you engaged tomorrow?).\c \Bb\b hold fast (a person's attention).\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \I(usu. in \Bpassive)\b\i \ILaw\i bind by a promise, esp. of marriage.\p\B4\b \Itr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bto\b + infin.)\i \ILaw\i bind by a contract.\p\B5\b \Itr.\i arrange beforehand to occupy (a room, seat, etc.).\p\B6\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bwith)\b\i \IMech.\i \Ba\b \Itr.\i interlock (parts of a gear etc.); cause (a part) to interlock. \Bb\b \Iintr.\i (of a part, gear, etc.) interlock.\p\B7\b \IMil\i \Ba\b \Iintr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bwith)\b\i (of troops etc.) come into battle. \Bb\b \Itr.\i bring (troops) into battle. \Bc\b \Itr.\i come into battle with (an enemy etc.).\p\B8\b \Iintr.\i take part \3(engage in politics).\c\p\B9\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bthat\b + clause or \Bto\b + infin.)\i pledge oneself.\p\B10\b \Itr.\i (usu. as \Bengaged\b \Iadj.)\i \IArchit.\i attach (a column) to a wall.\p\B11\b \Itr.\i \IFencing\i (of fencers etc.) interlock (weapons).\Kengager omitted\k \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iengager,\i related to \J\Xgage\x (1)\j\c
\B\IengagΘ\b\i \K/QNga"ZeI/, French /A~gaZe/\k \Iadj.\i (of a writer etc.) morally committed. \BEtymology:\b \3French, past part. of \Iengager:\i see \J\Xengage\x\j\c
<hw>engaged</hw> \K/In"geIdZd/, /En-/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b under a promise to marry.\p\B2\b \Ba\b occupied, busy. \Bb\b reserved, booked.\p\B3\b \BBrit.\b \ITelephony\i (of a telephone line) unavailable because already in use.
<hw>engaged signal</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bengaged tone)\b \BBrit.\b \ITelephony\i a sound indicating that a telephone line is engaged.
<hw>engagement</hw> \K/In"geIdZm(\F'\n)nt/, /En-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or state of engaging or being engaged.\p\B2\b an appointment with another person.\p\B3\b a betrothal.\p\B4\b \IMil\i an encounter between hostile forces.\p\B5\b a moral commitment. \BEtymology:\b \3French, from \Iengager:\i see \J\Xengage\x\j\c
<hw>engagement ring</hw>\p\In.\i\pa finger ring given by a man to a woman when they promise to marry.
<hw>engender</hw> \K/In"dZEnd\F'\n/, /En-/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b give rise to; bring about (a feeling etc.).\p\B2\b \Iarchaic\i beget. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iengendrer\i from Latin \Iingenerare\i (as \J\Xin-\x (2),\j \Igenerare\i \J\Xgenerate\x)\j\c
<hw>engine</hw> \K/"EndZIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IEngin\i\p\B1\b a mechanical contrivance consisting of several parts working together, esp. as a source of power.\p\B2\b \Ba\b \IRailways\i a railway locomotive. \Bb\b = \J\Xfire engine\x.\j \Bc\b = \J\Xsteam engine\x.\j\p\B3\b \IMil\i \Iarchaic\i a machine or instrument, esp. a contrivance used in warfare. \Bengined\b \Iadj.\i \I(also in \Bcomb.).\b\i \Bengineless\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old French \Iengin\i from Latin \Iingenium\i 'talent, device': cf. \J\Xingenious\x\j\c
<hw>engine driver</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IRailways\i the driver of an engine, esp. a railway locomotive.
<hw>engineer</hw> \K/EndZI"nI\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i \IEngin\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person qualified in a branch of engineering, esp. as a professional.\p\B2\b = \J\Xcivil engineer\x.\j\p\B3\b \Ba\b a person who makes or is in charge of engines. \Bb\b a person who maintains machines; a mechanic; a technician.\Ksense 3b new from corpus, Collins\k\p\B4\b \BN. Amer.\b \IRailways\i an engine driver.\p\B5\b \IMil\i a person who designs and constructs military works; a soldier trained for this purpose.\p\B6\b \I(foll. by \Bof)\b\i a skilful or artful contriver.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i arrange, contrive, or bring about, esp. artfully.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i act as an engineer.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i construct or manage as an engineer.\Kengineership omitted\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iengigneor\i from medieval Latin \Iingeniator -oris,\i from \Iingeniare\i (as \J\Xengine\x)\j\c
<hw>engineering</hw> \K/EndZI"nI\F'\nrIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\IEngin\i the application of science to the design, building, and use of machines, constructions, etc.
<hw>engineering science</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IEngin\i engineering as a field of study.
<hw>engine house</hw>\p\In.\i\pa building where an engine is housed.\Knew from corpus\k
<hw>engine room</hw>\p\In.\i\p\INaut Mech\i a room containing engines (esp. in a ship).
<hw>enginery</hw> \K/"EndZIn(\F'\n)ri/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMech\i engines and machinery generally.
<hw>engird</hw> \K/In"g\F'\n:d/, /En-/\k \Iv.tr.\i surround with or as with a girdle.
<hw>English</hw> \K/"INglIS/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IPeople\i \Iadj.\i of or relating to England or its people or language.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ILanguage\i the language of England, now used in many varieties in the British Isles, the United States, and most Commonwealth or ex-Commonwealth countries, and often internationally.\p\B2\b \I(prec. by \Bthe;\b\i \Itreated as \Bpl.)\b\i \IPeople\i the people of England.\p\B3\b \BUS\b \IBilliards\i = \J\Xside\x\p\In.\i\p10.\j \BEnglishness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ienglisc,\i \Iµnglisc\i (as \J\XAngle\x,\j \J\X-ish\x (1))\j\c
<hw>English bond</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBuilding\i a bond of brickwork arranged in alternate courses of stretchers and headers.
<hw>Englishman</hw> \K/"INglISm\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-men)\b \IPeople\i a man who is English by birth or descent.
<hw>Englishwoman</hw> \K/"INglISwUm\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-women)\b \IPeople\i a woman who is English by birth or descent.
<hw>engorge</hw> \K/In"gO:dZ/, /En-/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \I(in \Bpassive)\b\i \Ba\b be crammed. \Bb\b \IMed.\i be congested with blood.\p\B2\b devour greedily. \Bengorgement\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Iengorger\i (as \J\Xen-\x (1),\j \J\Xgorge\x)\j\c
<hw>engraft</hw> \K/In"grA:ft/, /En-/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \Bingraft)\b\p\B1\b \I(usu. foll. by \Binto,\b \Bupon)\b\i \IBot.\i insert (a scion of one tree) into another tree.\p\B2\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bin)\b\i implant (principles etc.) in a person's mind.\p\B3\b \I(usu. foll. by \Binto)\b\i incorporate permanently. \Bengraftment\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>engrail</hw> \K/In"greIl/, /En-/\k \Iv.tr.\i (usu. as \Bengrailed\b \Iadj.)\i \Iesp. Heraldry\i make semicircular indentations along the edge of. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iengresler\i (as \J\Xen-\x (1),\j \Igresle\i 'hail')\c
<hw>engrain</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xingrain\x.\j
<hw>engram</hw> \K/"Engram/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysiol\i a supposed permanent change in the brain accounting for the existence of memory, a memory trace. \Bengrammatic\b \K/-gr\F'\n"matIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3German \IEngramm,\i from Greek \Ien\i 'in' + \Igramma\i 'letter of the alphabet'\c
<hw>engrave</hw> \K/In"greIv/, /En-/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bon)\b\i inscribe, cut, or carve (a text or design) on a hard surface.\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i inscribe or ornament (a surface) in this way.\p\B3\b \IPrinting\i cut (a design) as lines on a metal plate for printing.\p\B4\b \I(often foll. by \Bon)\b\i impress deeply on a person's memory etc. \Bengraver\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xen-\x (1)\j + \J\Xgrave\x (3)\j\c
<hw>engraving</hw> \K/In"greIvIN/, /En-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPrinting\i\p\B1\b a print made from an engraved plate, block, or other surface.\p\B2\b the process or art of cutting a design etc. on a hard surface.\Ksense 2 new f. OERD, incomings, corpus Jun 94\k
<hw>engross</hw> \K/In"gr\F'\nUs/, /En-/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b absorb the attention of; occupy fully \3(engrossed in studying).\c\p\B2\b \ILaw\i make a fair copy of (a legal document).\p\B3\b reproduce (a document etc.) in larger letters or larger format.\p\B4\b \Iarchaic\i monopolize (a conversation etc.). \Bengrossing\b \Iadj.\i (in sense 1). \Bengrossment\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Anglo-French \Iengrosser:\i senses 2 and 3 from \Ien\i 'in' + \Igrosse\i 'large writing': senses 1 and 4 from \Ien gros\i 'wholesale'\c
<hw>engulf</hw> \K/In"gVlf/, /En-/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \Bingulf)\b\p\B1\b flow over and swamp; overwhelm.\p\B2\b swallow or plunge into a gulf. \Bengulfment\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>enhance</hw> \K/In"hA:ns/, /-hans/, /En-/\k \Iv.tr.\i heighten or intensify (qualities, powers, value, etc.); improve (something already of good quality). \Benhancement\b\p\In.\i\p\Benhancer\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Anglo-French \Ienhauncer,\i probably alteration of Old French \Ienhaucier,\i ultimately from Latin \Ialtus\i 'high'\c
<hw>enharmonic</hw> \K/EnhA:"mQnIk/\k \Iadj.\i \IMus.\i of or having intervals smaller than a semitone (esp. such intervals as that between G sharp and A flat, these notes being made the same in a scale of equal temperament). \Benharmonically\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Ienharmonicus\i from Greek \Ienarmonikos\i (as \J\Xen-\x (2),\j \Iharmonia\i \J\Xharmony\x)\j\c
<hw>enigma</hw> \K/I"nIgm\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a puzzling thing or person.\p\B2\b a riddle or paradox. \Benigmatic\b \K/EnIg"matIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Benigmatical\b \K/EnIg"matIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Benigmatically\b \K/EnIg"matIk(\F'\n)li/\k \Iadv.\i \Benigmatize\b \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise).\b \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iaenigma\i from Greek \Iainigma -matos,\i from \Iainissomai\i 'speak allusively' from \Iainos\i 'fable'\c
<hw>enjambment</hw> \K/In"dZam(b)m(\F'\n)nt/, /En-/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Benjambement)\b \IProsody\i the continuation of a sentence without a pause beyond the end of a line, couplet, or stanza. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ienjambement\i from \Ienjamber\i (as \J\Xen-\x (1),\j \Ijambe\i 'leg')\c
<hw>enjoin</hw> \K/In"dZOIn/, /En-/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \I(foll. by \Bto\b + infin.)\i command or order (a person). \Bb\b \I(foll. by \Bthat\b + clause)\i issue instructions.\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Bon)\b\i impose or prescribe (an action or conduct).\p\B3\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bfrom)\b\i \ILaw\i prohibit (a person) by order. \Benjoinment\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ienjoindre\i from Latin \Iinjungere\i (as \J\Xin-\x (2),\j \Ijungere\i 'join')\c
<hw>enjoy</hw> \K/In"dZOI/, /En-/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b take delight or pleasure in.\p\B2\b have the use or benefit of.\p\B3\b \BBrit.\b experience \3(enjoy poor health).\c\p\1enjoy oneself\c experience pleasure. \Benjoyer\b\p\In.\i\p\Benjoyment\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ienjoier\i 'give joy to' or \Ienjo∩r\i 'enjoy', ultimately from Latin \Igaudere\i 'rejoice'\c
<hw>enkephalin</hw> \K/En"kEf(\F'\n)lIn/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bencephalin\b \K/En"sEf-/\k) \IBiochem.\i either of two morphine-like peptides (endorphins) occurring naturally in the brain and thought to control levels of pain. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iegkephalos\i 'brain' as \J\Xencephalo-\x\j\c
<hw>enkindle</hw> \K/In"kInd(\F'\n)l/, /En-/\k \Iv.tr.\i \Iliterary\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b cause (flames) to flare up. \Bb\b stimulate (feeling, passion, etc.).\p\B2\b inflame with passion.
<hw>enlace</hw> \K/In"leIs/, /En-/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b encircle tightly.\p\B2\b entwine.\p\B3\b enfold. \Benlacement\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ienlacier,\i ultimately from Latin \Ilaqueus\i 'noose'\c
<hw>enlarge</hw> \K/In"lA:dZ/, /En-/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr. & intr.\i make or become larger or wider.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bupon)\b\i expatiate.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \IPhotog.\i produce an enlargement of (a negative). \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ienlarger\i (as \J\Xen-\x (1),\j \J\Xlarge\x)\j\c
<hw>enlargement</hw> \K/In"lA:dZm(\F'\n)nt/, /En-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or an instance of enlarging; the state of being enlarged.\p\B2\b \IPhotog.\i a print that is larger than the negative from which it is produced, or larger than an enprint or than a print already made.
<hw>enlarger</hw> \K/In"lA:dZ\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhotog.\i an apparatus for enlarging or reducing negatives or positives.
<hw>enlighten</hw> \K/In"lVIt(\F'\n)n/, /En-/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bon)\b\i instruct or inform (about a subject).\p\B2\b (esp. as \Benlightened\b \Iadj.)\i free from prejudice or superstition.\p\B3\b \Iliterary\i or \Ipoet.\i \Ba\b shed light on (an object). \Bb\b give spiritual insight to (a person). \Benlightener\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>enlightenment</hw> \K/In"lVIt(\F'\n)nm(\F'\n)nt/, /En-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or an instance of enlightening; the state of being enlightened.\p\B2\b \B(the Enlightenment)\b \IPhilos\i the 18th-c. philosophy emphasizing reason and individualism rather than tradition.
<hw>enlist</hw> \K/In"lIst/, /En-/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \IMil\i \Iintr. & tr.\i enrol in the armed services.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i secure as a means of help or support. \Benlister\b\p\In.\i\p\Benlistment\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>enlisted man</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BUS\b \IMil\i a soldier or sailor below the rank of officer.
<hw>enliven</hw> \K/In"lVIv(\F'\n)n/, /En-/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b give life or spirit to.\p\B2\b make cheerful, brighten (a picture or scene). \Benlivener\b\p\In.\i\p\Benlivenment\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>en masse</hw> \K/Q~ "mas/\k \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b all together.\p\B2\b in a mass. \BEtymology:\b \3French\c
<hw>enmesh</hw> \K/In"mES/, /En-/\k \Iv.tr.\i entangle in or as in a net. \Benmeshment\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>enmity</hw> \K/"EnmIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b the state of being an enemy.\p\B2\b a feeling of hostility. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \IenemitiΘ\i from Romanic (as \J\Xenemy\x)\j\c
<hw>ennead</hw> \K/"EnIad/\k\p\In.\i\pa group of nine. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ienneas enneados\i from \Iennea\i 'nine'\c
<hw>ennoble</hw> \K/I"n\F'\nUb(\F'\n)l/, /En-/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b make (a person) a noble.\p\B2\b make noble; elevate. \Bennoblement\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Iennoblir\i (as \J\Xen-\x (1),\j \J\Xnoble\x)\j\c
<hw>ennui</hw> \K/Qn"wi:/\k\p\In.\i\pmental weariness from lack of occupation or interest; boredom. \BEtymology:\b \3French from Latin \Iin odio:\i cf. \J\Xodium\x\j\c
<hw>enormity</hw> \K/I"nO:mIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b extreme wickedness.\p\B2\b an act of extreme wickedness.\p\B3\b a serious error.\p\B4\b \Idisp.\i great size; enormousness. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via French \IΘnormitΘ\i from Latin \Ienormitas -tatis,\i from \Ienormis\i \J\Xenormous\x\j\c The use of \Ienormity\i in sense 4 is often found, e.g. \Ithe enormity of the problem,\i but is regarded as incorrect by many people.
<hw>enosis</hw> \K/I"n\F'\nUsIs/, /"En\F'\nsIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i the political union of Cyprus and Greece, as an ideal or proposal. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Greek \Ienosis,\i from \Iena\i 'one'\c
<hw>enough</hw> \K/I"nVf/\k \Idet., adj., pron., adv., & int.\i \Idet. & predic.adj.\i as much or as many as required \3(we have enough apples;\c \2we do not have enough sugar;\c \2earned enough money to buy a house;\c \2one book was enough to put her off).\c \Ipron.\i an amount or quantity that is enough \3(we have enough of everything now;\c \2enough is as good as a feast).\c \Iadv.\i \I(after an adj. or adv.)\i\p\B1\b to the required degree, adequately \3(are you warm enough?).\c\p\B2\b fairly \3(she sings well enough).\c\p\B3\b very, quite \3(you know well enough what I mean;\c \2oddly enough).\c \Iint.\i that is enough (in various senses, esp. to put an end to an action, thing said, etc.).\p\1have had enough of\c want no more of; be satiated with or tired of. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Igenog,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>en passant</hw> \K/Q~ pa"sA:nt/, /pasQ~/\k \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b by the way.\p\B2\b \IChess\i used with reference to the permitted capture of an opponent's pawn that has just advanced two squares in its first move with a pawn that could have taken it if it had advanced only one square. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = in passing\c
\B\Ien pension\b\i \K/Q~ pQ~"sjQ~/, French /A~ pA~sjO~/\k \Iadv.\i as a boarder or resident. \BEtymology:\b \3French: see \J\Xpension\x (2)\j\c
<hw>enprint</hw> \K/"EnprInt/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IPhotog\i a standard-sized photographic print. \BEtymology:\b \3\Ien\ilarged \Iprint\i\c
<hw>enquire</hw> \K/In"kwVI\F'\n/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bof)\b\i seek information; ask a question (of a person).\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bafter,\b \Bfor)\b\i ask about a person, a person's health, etc.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bfor)\b\i ask about the availability of.\p\B4\b \Itr.\i ask for information as to \3(enquired my name;\c \2enquired whether we were coming).\c\p\B5\b \Iintr.\i = \J\Xinquire\x 1.\j \Benquirer\b\p\In.\i\p\Benquiring\b \Iadj.\i \Benquiringly\b \Iadv.\i\K-ing & -ingly new from SOED, corpus\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English \Ienquere\i from Old French \Ienquerre,\i ultimately from Latin \Iinquirere\i (as \J\Xin-\x (2),\j \Iquaerere quaesit-\i 'seek')\c A useful distinction exists between \Ienquire\i and \Iinquire,\i although some people use these two words interchangeably. \IEnquire\i is best used to mean 'to ask' in general contexts, while \Iinquire\i is best reserved to mean 'to make a formal investigation'. In cases of academic investigation, \Ienquire\i tends to be preferred e.g. \Ienquire into the nature of happiness.\i The same distinction exists between \Ienquiry\i and \Iinquiry.\i
<hw>enquiry</hw> \K/In"kwVIri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b the act or an instance of asking or seeking information.\p\B2\b = \J\Xinquiry\x.\j See Usage Note at \J\Xenquire\x.\j
<hw>enrage</hw> \K/In"reIdZ/, /En-/\k \Iv.tr.\i (esp. as \Benraged\b \Iadj.)\i \I(often foll. by \Bat,\b \Bby,\b \Bwith)\b\i make furious. \Benragement\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Ienrager\i (as \J\Xen-\x (1),\j \J\Xrage\x)\j\c
\B\Ien rapport\b\i \K/Qn ra"pO:/, French /A~ rapOr/\k \Iadv.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bwith)\b\i in harmony or rapport. \BEtymology:\b \3French: see \J\Xrapport\x\j\c
<hw>enrapture</hw> \K/In"raptS\F'\n/, /En-/\k \Iv.tr.\i give intense delight to.
<hw>enrich</hw> \K/In"rItS/, /En-/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b make rich or richer.\p\B2\b make richer in quality, flavour, nutritive value, etc.\p\B3\b add to the contents of (a collection, museum, or book).\p\B4\b \IPhysics\i increase the content of an isotope in (material), esp. enrich (uranium) with isotope U-235. \Benrichment\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ienrichir\i (as \J\Xen-\x (1),\j \J\Xrich\x)\j\c
<hw>enrobe</hw> \K/In"r\F'\nUb/, /En-/\k \Iv.tr.\i cover with a robe or a coating.
<hw>enrol</hw> \K/In"r\F'\nUl/, /En-/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B(US\b \Benroll)\b \B(enrolled,\b \Benrolling)\b\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i enter one's name on a list, esp. as a commitment to membership.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b write the name of (a person) on a list. \Bb\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bin)\b\i incorporate (a person) as a member of a society etc.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \ILaw\i \Ihist.\i enter (a deed etc.) among the rolls of a court of justice.\p\B4\b \Itr.\i record. \Benrollee\b \K/-"li:/\k\p\In.\i\p\Kenroller omitted\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ienroller\i (as \J\Xen-\x (1),\j \Irolle\i \J\Xroll\x\p\In.\i\p)\j\c
<hw>enrolment</hw> \K/In"r\F'\nUlm(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Benrollment)\b\p\B1\b the act or an instance of enrolling; the state of being enrolled.\p\B2\b \BUS\b the number of persons enrolled, esp. at a school or college.
<hw>en route</hw> \K/Qn "ru:t/\k \Iadv.\i \I(often foll. by \Bto,\b \Bfor)\b\i on the way. \BEtymology:\b \3French\c
<hw>en rule</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IPrinting\i a short dash used in punctuation.
<hw>ensconce</hw> \K/In"skQns/, /En-/\k \Iv.tr.\i \I(usu. \Brefl.\b or in \Bpassive)\b\i establish or settle comfortably, safely, or secretly.
<hw>ensemble</hw> \K/Q~"sQ~:b(\F'\n)l/, /Qn"sQmb(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a thing viewed as the sum of its parts. \Bb\b the general effect of this.\p\B2\b \IClothing\i a set of clothes worn together; an outfit.\p\B3\b \ITheatr\i a group of actors, dancers, musicians, etc., performing together, esp. subsidiary dancers in ballet etc.\p\B4\b \IMus.\i \Ba\b a concerted passage for an ensemble. \Bb\b the manner in which this is performed \3(good ensemble).\c\p\B5\b \IMath.\i a group of systems with the same constitution but possibly in different states. \BEtymology:\b \3French, ultimately from Latin \Iinsimul\i (as \J\Xin-\x (2),\j \Isimul\i 'at the same time')\c
<hw>enshrine</hw> \K/In"SrVIn/, /En-/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b enclose in or as in a shrine.\p\B2\b serve as a shrine for.\p\B3\b preserve or cherish. \Benshrinement\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>enshroud</hw> \K/In"SraUd/, /En-/\k \Iv.tr.\i \Iliterary\i\p\B1\b cover with or as with a shroud.\p\B2\b cover completely; hide from view.
<hw>ensign</hw> \K/"EnsVIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMil Naut\i \Ba\b a banner or flag, esp. the military or naval flag of a nation. \Bb\b \BBrit.\b each of three flags, the blue, red, and white ensigns, with the union flag in the corner.\p\B2\b a standard-bearer.\p\B3\b \Ba\b \Ihist.\i the lowest commissioned infantry officer. \Bb\b \BUS\b the lowest commissioned officer in the navy. \Bensigncy\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ienseigne\i from Latin \Iinsignia:\i see \J\Xinsignia\x\j\c
<hw>ensilage</hw> \K/"EnsIlIdZ/, /En"sVIlIdZ/\k \In. & v.\i \IAgriculture\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the process of making silage.\p\B2\b = \J\Xsilage\x\p\In.\i\p2.\j\Ksense 1 new f. OERD, OED Aug 94\k \Iv.tr.\i treat (fodder) by ensilage. \BEtymology:\b \3French (as \J\Xensile\x)\j\c
<hw>ensile</hw> \K/En"sVIl/\k \Iv.tr.\i \IAgriculture\i\p\B1\b put (fodder) into a silo.\p\B2\b preserve (fodder) in a silo. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iensiler\i from Spanish \Iensilar\i (as \J\Xen-\x (1),\j \J\Xsilo\x)\j\c
<hw>enslave</hw> \K/In"sleIv/, /En-/\k \Iv.tr.\i make (a person) a slave. \Benslavement\b\p\In.\i\p\Benslaver\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>ensnare</hw> \K/In"snE:/, /En-/\k \Iv.tr.\i catch in or as in a snare; entrap. \Bensnarement\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>ensue</hw> \K/In"sju:/, /En-/\k \Iv.intr.\i \B(ensues,\b \Bensued,\b \Bensuing)\b\p\B1\b happen afterwards.\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Bfrom,\b \Bon)\b\i occur as a result. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iensuivre,\i ultimately from Latin \Isequi\i 'follow'\c
<hw>en suite</hw> \K/Q~ "swi:t/\k \Iadv. & adj.\i \IArchit Building\i \Iadv.\i forming a single unit \3(bedroom with bathroom en suite).\c \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b forming a single unit \3(en suite bathroom).\c\p\B2\b with a bathroom attached \3(seven en suite bedrooms).\c\Kadjective new in COD9 from POD8\k \BEtymology:\b \3French, = in sequence\c
<hw>ensure</hw> \K/In"SU\F'\n/, /En-/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bthat\b + clause)\i make certain.\p\B2\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bto,\b \Bfor)\b\i secure (a thing for a person etc.).\p\B3\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bagainst)\b\i make safe.\Kensurer omitted\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Anglo-French \Ienseⁿrer\i from Old French \Iaseⁿrer\i \J\Xassure\x\j\c
<hw>enswathe</hw> \K/In"sweID/, /En-/\k \Iv.tr.\i bind or wrap in or as in a bandage. \Benswathement\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>ENT</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IMed\i ear, nose, and throat.
<hw>-ent</hw> \K/(\F'\n)nt/\k \Isuffix\i\p\B1\b forming adjectives denoting attribution of an action \3(consequent)\c or state \3(existent).\c\p\B2\b forming nouns denoting an agent \3(coefficient;\c \2president).\c \BEtymology:\b \3from or suggested by French \I-ent\i or Latin \I-ent-,\i pres. part. stem of verbs (cf. \J\X-ant\x)\j\c
<hw>entablature</hw> \K/En"tabl\F'\ntS\F'\n/, /In-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IArchit.\i the upper part of a classical building supported by columns or a colonnade, comprising architrave, frieze, and cornice. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian \Iintavolatura\i from \Iintavolare\i 'board up' (as \J\Xin-\x (2),\j \Itavola\i 'table')\c
<hw>entablement</hw> \K/En"teIb(\F'\n)lm(\F'\n)nt/, /In-/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISculpture\i a platform supporting a statue, above the dado and base. \BEtymology:\b \3French, from \Ientabler\i (as \J\Xen-\x (1),\j \J\Xtable\x)\j\c
<hw>entail</hw> \K/In"teIl/, /En-/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b necessitate or involve unavoidably \3(the work entails much effort).\c\p\B2\b \ILaw\i bequeath (property etc.) so that it remains within a family.\p\B3\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bon)\b\i bestow (a thing) inalienably.\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i\p\B1\b an entailed estate.\p\B2\b the succession to such an estate. \Bentailment\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, from \J\Xen-\x (1)\j + Anglo-French \Itaile\i \J\Xtail\x (2)\j\c
<hw>entangle</hw> \K/In"taNg(\F'\n)l/, /En-/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b cause to get caught in a snare or among obstacles.\p\B2\b cause to become tangled.\p\B3\b involve in difficulties or illicit activities.\p\B4\b make (a thing) tangled or intricate; complicate.
<hw>entanglement</hw> \K/In"taNg(\F'\n)lm(\F'\n)nt/, /En-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or condition of entangling or being entangled.\p\B2\b \Ba\b a thing that entangles. \Bb\b \IMil.\i an extensive barrier erected to obstruct an enemy's movements (esp. one made of stakes and interlaced barbed wire).\p\B3\b a compromising (esp. amorous) relationship.
<hw>entasis</hw> \K/"Ent\F'\nsIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bentases)\b \IArchit.\i a slight convex curve in a column shaft to correct the visual illusion that straight sides give of curving inwards. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from Greek, from \Ienteino\i 'to stretch'\c
<hw>entelechy</hw> \K/En"tEl\F'\nki/, /In-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhilos.\i\p\B1\b the realization of potential.\p\B2\b \IBiol.\i the supposed essential nature or guiding principle of a living thing.\Knew from NSOED, Incomings\k \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Ientelechia\i from Greek \Ientelekheia,\i from \Itelos\i 'end, perfection' + \Iekhein\i 'be in a state'\c
<hw>entellus</hw> \K/In"tEl\F'\ns/, /En-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool Relig\i = \J\Xhanuman\x 1.\j \BEtymology:\b \3name of an aged Trojan in Virgil's \IAeneid\i\c
<hw>entente</hw> \K/Qn"tQnt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i\p\B1\b = \J\Xentente cordiale\x.\j\p\B2\b a group of states in such a relation. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = understanding (as \J\Xintent\x)\j\c
\B\Ientente cordiale\b\i \K/Q~"tQ~t kO:dI"A:l/, French /A~tA~t kOrdjal/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i a friendly understanding between states, esp. (often \BEntente Cordiale)\b that reached in 1904 between Britain and France. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = cordial understanding: see \J\Xentente\x\j\c
<hw>enter</hw> \K/"Ent\F'\n/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Binto)\b\i go or come in. \Bb\b \Itr.\i go or come into. \Bc\b \Iintr.\i \ITheatr\i come on stage \I(as a direction:\i \2enter Macbeth).\c\p\B2\b \Itr.\i penetrate; go through \3(a bullet entered his chest).\c\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bup)\b\i write (a name, details, etc.) in a list, book, etc.\p\B4\b \ISport\i \Ba\b \Iintr.\i register or announce oneself as a competitor \3(entered for the long jump).\c \Bb\b \Itr.\i become a competitor in (an event). \Bc\b \Itr.\i record the name of (a person etc.) as a competitor \3(entered two horses for the Derby).\c\p\B5\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b become a member of (a society etc.). \Bb\b enrol as a member or prospective member of a society, school, etc.; admit or obtain admission for.\p\B6\b \Itr.\i make known; present for consideration \3(entered a protest).\c\p\B7\b \Itr.\i put into an official record.\p\B8\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Binto)\b\i \Ba\b engage in (conversation, relations, an undertaking, etc.). \Bb\b subscribe to; bind oneself by (an agreement etc.). \Bc\b form part of (one's calculations, plans, etc.). \Bd\b sympathize with (feelings etc.).\p\B9\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bon,\b \Bupon)\b\i \Ba\b begin, undertake; begin to deal with (a subject). \Bb\b assume the functions of (an office). \Bc\b assume possession of (property).\p\B10\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bup)\b\i complete a series of entries in (account books etc.).\Kenterer omitted\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ientrer\i from Latin \Iintrare\i\c
<hw>enteric</hw> \K/En"tErIk/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IMed Biol\i \Iadj.\i of the intestines.\p\In.\i\p(in full \Benteric fever)\b typhoid. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ienterikos\i (as \J\Xentero-\x)\j\c
<hw>enteritis</hw> \K/Ent\F'\n"rVItIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed.\i inflammation of the (small) intestine, often causing diarrhoea.\Knew in COD9 as headword\k
<hw>enterostomy</hw> \K/Ent\F'\n"rQst\F'\nmi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \ISurgery\i a surgical operation in which the small intestine is brought through the abdominal wall and opened, in order to bypass the stomach or the colon.
<hw>enterotomy</hw> \K/Ent\F'\n"rQt\F'\nmi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \ISurgery\i the surgical cutting open of the intestine.
<hw>enterovirus</hw> \K/"Ent(\F'\n)r\F'\nU%vVIr\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiol\i a virus infecting the intestines and sometimes spreading to other parts of the body, esp. the central nervous system.
<hw>enterprise</hw> \K/"Ent\F'\nprVIz/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an undertaking, esp. a bold or difficult one.\p\B2\b (as a personal attribute) readiness to engage in such undertakings \3(has no enterprise).\c\p\B3\b \ICommerce\i a business firm. \Benterpriser\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ientreprise,\i fem. past part. of \Ientreprendre\i (variant of \Iemprendre),\i ultimately from Latin \Iprendere,\i \Iprehendere\i 'take'\c
<hw>enterprise zone</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IEcon\i a depressed (usu. urban) area where State incentives such as tax concessions are designed to encourage investment.
<hw>enterprising</hw> \K/"Ent\F'\nprVIzIN/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b ready to engage in enterprises.\p\B2\b resourceful, imaginative, energetic. \Benterprisingly\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>entertain</hw> \K/Ent\F'\n"teIn/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b amuse; occupy agreeably.\p\B2\b \Ba\b receive or treat as a guest. \Bb\b \I\B(absol.)\b\i receive guests \3(they entertain a great deal).\c\p\B3\b give attention or consideration to (an idea, feeling, or proposal). \BEtymology:\b \3in earlier use = keep up, maintain: Middle English from French \Ientretenir,\i ultimately from Latin \Itenere\i 'hold'\c
<hw>entertainer</hw> \K/Ent\F'\n"teIn\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITheatr\i a person who entertains, esp. professionally on stage etc.
<hw>entertaining</hw> \K/Ent\F'\n"teInIN/\k \Iadj.\i amusing, diverting. \Bentertainingly\b \Iadv.\i\Kadv. new from corpus\k
<hw>entertainment</hw> \K/Ent\F'\n"teInm(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or an instance of entertaining; the process of being entertained.\p\B2\b a public performance or show.\p\B3\b diversions or amusements for guests etc.\p\B4\b amusement \3(much to my entertainment).\c\p\B5\b hospitality.
<hw>enthalpy</hw> \K/"EnT(\F'\n)lpi/, /En"Talpi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i the total thermodynamic heat content of a system. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ienthalpo\i 'warm in' (as \J\Xen-\x (1),\j \Ithalpo\i 'to heat')\c
<hw>enthrone</hw> \K/In"Tr\F'\nUn/, /En-/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b install (a king, bishop, etc.) on a throne, esp. ceremonially.\p\B2\b exalt. \Benthronement\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>enthuse</hw> \K/In"Tju:z/, /En-/\k \Iv.intr. & tr.\i \Icolloq.\i be or make enthusiastic. \BEtymology:\b \3back-formation from \J\Xenthusiasm\x\j\c
<hw>enthusiasm</hw> \K/In"Tju:zIaz(\F'\n)m/, /En-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bfor,\b \Babout)\b\i \Ba\b strong interest or admiration. \Bb\b great eagerness.\p\B2\b an object of enthusiasm.\p\B3\b \Iarchaic\i extravagant religious emotion. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ienthousiasme\i or Late Latin \Ienthusiasmus\i from Greek \Ienthousiasmos,\i from \Ientheos\i 'possessed by a god, inspired' (as \J\Xen-\x (2),\j \Itheos\i 'god')\c
<hw>enthusiast</hw> \K/In"Tju:zIast/, /En-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bfor)\b\i a person who is full of enthusiasm.\p\B2\b a visionary; a self-deluded person. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ienthousiaste\i or ecclesiastical Latin \Ienthusiastes\i from Greek (as \J\Xenthusiasm\x)\j\c
<hw>enthusiastic</hw> \K/In%Tju:zI"astIk/, /En-/\k \Iadj.\i having or showing enthusiasm. \Benthusiastically\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ienthousiastikos\i (as \J\Xenthusiasm\x)\j\c
<hw>enthymeme</hw> \K/"EnTImi:m/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILogic\i a syllogism in which one premiss is not explicitly stated. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ienthymema\i from Greek \Ienthumema,\i from \Ienthumeomai\i 'consider' (as \J\Xen-\x (2),\j \Ithumos\i 'mind')\c
<hw>entice</hw> \K/In"tVIs/, /En-/\k \Iv.tr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bfrom,\b \Binto,\b or \Bto\b + infin.)\i persuade by the offer of pleasure or reward. \Benticement\b\p\In.\i\p\Benticer\b\p\In.\i\p\Benticing\b \Iadj.\i\Kenticing new in COD9 from POD8\k \Benticingly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ienticier,\i probably from Romanic\c
<hw>entire</hw> \K/In"tVI\F'\n/, /En-/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b whole, complete.\p\B2\b not broken or decayed.\p\B3\b unqualified, absolute \3(an entire success).\c\p\B4\b in one piece; continuous.\p\B5\b not castrated.\p\B6\b \IBot.\i without indentation.\Ksense 7 pure, unmixed omitted as archaic Jun 94\k\p\In.\i\pan uncastrated animal. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Anglo-French \Ienter,\i Old French \Ientier\i from Latin \Iinteger\i 'untouched, whole' (as \J\Xin-\x (2),\j \Itangere\i 'touch')\c
<hw>entirely</hw> \K/In"tVI\F'\nli/, /En-/\k \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b wholly, completely \3(the stock is entirely exhausted).\c\p\B2\b solely, exclusively \3(did it entirely for my benefit).\c
<hw>entirety</hw> \K/In"tVI\F'\nr\F'\nti/, /-"tVI\F'\nti/, /En-/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b completeness.\p\B2\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bof)\b\i the sum total.\p\1in its entirety\c in its complete form; completely. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \IentieretΘ,\i from Latin \Iintegritas -tatis,\i from \Iinteger:\i see \J\Xentire\x\j\c
<hw>entitle</hw> \K/In"tVIt(\F'\n)l/, /En-/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bto)\b\i give (a person etc.) a just claim. \Bb\b \I(foll. by \Bto\b + infin.)\i give (a person etc.) a right.\p\B2\b \Ba\b give (a book etc.) the title of. \Bb\b \Iarchaic\i give (a person) the title of \3(entitled him Sultan).\c \Bentitlement\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Anglo-French \Ientitler,\i Old French \Ientiteler\i from Late Latin \Iintitulare\i (as \J\Xin-\x (2),\j \J\Xtitle\x)\j\c
<hw>entity</hw> \K/"EntIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b a thing with distinct existence, as opposed to a quality or relation.\p\B2\b a thing's existence regarded distinctly; a thing's essential nature. \Bentitative\b \K/-t\F'\ntIv/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \IentitΘ\i or medieval Latin \Ientitas\i from Late Latin \Iens\i 'being'\c
<hw>entomb</hw> \K/In"tu:m/, /En-/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b place in or as in a tomb.\p\B2\b serve as a tomb for. \Bentombment\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old French \Ientomber\i (as \J\Xen-\x (1),\j \J\Xtomb\x)\j\c
<hw>entomo-</hw> \K/"Ent\F'\nm\F'\nU/\k \Icomb. form\i \IBiol Zool\i insect. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ientomos\i 'cut up' (in neut. = \J\Xinsect\x,\j from its segmented body) from \J\Xen-\x (2)\j + \Itemno\i 'cut'\c
<hw>entomology</hw> \K/Ent\F'\n"mQl\F'\ndZi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiol Zool\i the study of the forms and behaviour of insects. \Bentomological\b \K/-m\F'\n"lQdZIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Bentomologist\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Ientomologie\i or modern Latin \Ientomologia\i (as \J\Xentomo-\x,\j \J\X-logy\x)\j\c
<hw>entophyte</hw> \K/"Ent\F'\n(U)fVIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot.\i a plant growing inside a plant or animal.
<hw>entourage</hw> \K/"QntUrA:Z/, /QntU(\F'\n)"rA:Z/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a group of people attending or surrounding an important person.\p\B2\b surroundings. \BEtymology:\b \3French, from \Ientourer\i 'surround'\c
<hw>entr'acte</hw> \K/"Qntrakt/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITheatr\i\p\B1\b an interval between two acts of a play.\p\B2\b \IMus Dancing\i a piece of music or a dance performed during this. \BEtymology:\b \3French, from \Ientre\i 'between' + \Iacte\i 'act'\c
<hw>entrails</hw> \K/"EntreIlz/\k \In.pl.\i \IAnat\i\p\B1\b the intestines of a person or animal.\p\B2\b the innermost parts \3(entrails of the earth).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ientrailles\i and medieval Latin \Iintralia\i alteration of Latin \Iinteraneus\i 'internal', from \Iinter\i 'among'\c
<hw>entrain (1)</hw> \K/In"treIn/, /En-/\k \Iv.intr. & tr.\i \IRailways\i go or put on board a train.\Kentrainment omitted (rare in SOED) Oct 94\k
<hw>entrain (2)</hw> \K/In"treIn/, /En-/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b (of a fluid) carry (particles etc.) along in its flow.\p\B2\b drag along. \Bentrainment\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Ientraεner\i (as \J\Xen-\x (1),\j \Itraεner\i 'drag', formed as \J\Xtrain\x)\j\c
\B\Ientrain\b\i (3) \K/Q~"trQ~/, French /A~trE~/\k\p\In.\i\penthusiasm, animation. \BEtymology:\b \3French\c
<hw>entrance (1)</hw> \K/"Entr(\F'\n)ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or an instance of going or coming in.\p\B2\b a door, passage, etc., by which one enters.\p\B3\b right of admission.\p\B4\b \ITheatr\i the coming of an actor on stage.\p\B5\b \IMus.\i = \J\Xentry\x 8.\j\p\B6\b \I(foll. by \Binto,\b \Bupon)\b\i entering into office etc.\p\B7\b (in full \Bentrance fee)\b \Besp. Brit.\b a fee paid for admission to a society, club, exhibition, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Old French (as \J\Xenter\x,\j \J\X-ance\x)\j\c
<hw>entrance (2)</hw> \K/In"trA:ns/, /En-/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b enchant, delight.\p\B2\b put into a trance.\p\B3\b \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i overwhelm with strong feeling. \Bentrancement\b\p\In.\i\p\Bentrancing\b \Iadj.\i \Bentrancingly\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>entrant</hw> \K/"Entr(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\pa person who enters (esp. an examination, profession, etc.). \BEtymology:\b \3French, pres. part. of \Ientrer:\i see \J\Xenter\x\j\c
<hw>entrap</hw> \K/In"trap/, /En-/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(entrapped,\b \Bentrapping)\b\p\B1\b catch in or as in a trap.\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Binto\b + verbal noun)\i beguile or trick (a person).\Kentrapper omitted\k \BEtymology:\b \3Old French \Ientraper\i (as \J\Xen-\x (1),\j \J\Xtrap\x (1))\j\c
<hw>entrapment</hw> \K/In"trapm(\F'\n)nt/, /En-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or an instance of entrapping; the process of being entrapped.\p\B2\b \ILaw\i inducement to commit a crime, esp. by the authorities to secure a prosecution.
<hw>entreat</hw> \K/In"tri:t/, /En-/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \I(foll. by \Bto\b + infin. or \Bthat\b + clause)\i ask (a person) earnestly. \Bb\b ask earnestly for (a thing).\p\B2\b \Iarchaic\i treat; act towards (a person). \Bentreatingly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ientraiter\i (as \J\Xen-\x (1),\j \Itraiter\i \J\Xtreat\x)\j\c
<hw>entreaty</hw> \K/In"tri:ti/, /En-/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b an earnest request; a supplication. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xentreat\x,\j after \J\Xtreaty\x\j\c
<hw>entrechat</hw> \K/"A:ntr\F'\nSA:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IDancing Ballet\i a leap in ballet, with one or more crossings of the legs while in the air. \BEtymology:\b \3French, from Italian \I(capriola)\i \Iintrecciata\i 'complicated (caper)'\c
<hw>entrec⌠te</hw> \K/"Qntr\F'\nk\F'\nUt/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICookery Food\i a boned steak cut off the sirloin. \BEtymology:\b \3French, from \Ientre\i 'between' + \Ic⌠te\i 'rib'\c
<hw>entrΘe</hw> \K/"QntreI/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ICookery\i \Ba\b \BBrit.\b a dish served between the fish and meat courses. \Bb\b \Besp. N. Amer.\b the main dish of a meal.\p\B2\b the right or privilege of admission, esp. at Court. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = \J\Xentry\x\j\c
\B\Ientremets\b\i \K/Qntr\F'\n"meI/, French /A~tr\F'\nmE/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i\p\B1\b a sweet dish.\p\B2\b a light dish served between two courses. \BEtymology:\b \3French, from \Ientre\i 'between' + \Imets\i 'dish'\c
<hw>entrench</hw> \K/In"trEn(t)S/, /En-/\k\p\Iv.\i\p(also \Bintrench)\b\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b establish firmly (in a defensible position, in office, etc.). \Bb\b (as \Bentrenched\b \Iadj.)\i (of an attitude etc.) not easily modified.\Ksense 1b new in COD9 from POD8\k\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \IMil Fortification\i surround (a post, army, town, etc.) with a trench as a fortification.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \ILaw\i apply extra safeguards to (rights etc. guaranteed by legislation).\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i entrench oneself.\p\B5\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bupon)\b\i encroach, trespass.\p\1entrench oneself\c adopt a well-defended position. \Bentrenchment\b\p\In.\i\p
\B\Ientre nous\b\i \K/Qntr\F'\n "nu:/, French /A~tr\F'\n nu/\k \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b between you and me.\p\B2\b in private. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = between ourselves\c
<hw>entrep⌠t</hw> \K/"Qntr\F'\np\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i\p\B1\b a warehouse for temporary storage of goods in transit.\p\B2\b a commercial centre for import and export, and for collection and distribution. \BEtymology:\b \3French from \Ientreposer\i 'to store', from \Ientre-\i \J\Xinter-\x\j + \Iposer\i 'place'\c
<hw>entrepreneur</hw> \K/%Qntr\F'\npr\F'\n"n\F'\n:/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i\p\B1\b a person who undertakes an enterprise or business, with the chance of profit or loss.\p\B2\b a contractor acting as an intermediary.\p\B3\b the person in effective control of a commercial undertaking.\p\B4\b \IMus\i a person who organizes entertainments, esp. musical shows.\Ksense 4 new in COD9 from NSOED\k \Bentrepreneurial\b \K/-"n(j)\F'\n:rI\F'\nl/, /-"njU\F'\nrI\F'\nl/\k \Iadj.\i \Bentrepreneurialism\b \K/-"n(j)\F'\n:rI\F'\nlIz(\F'\n)m/, /-"njU\F'\nrI\F'\nlIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bentrepreneurism).\b \Bentrepreneurially\b \K/-"n(j)\F'\n:rI\F'\nli/, /-"njU\F'\nrI\F'\nli/\k \Iadv.\i \Bentrepreneurship\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French, from \Ientreprendre\i undertake: see \J\Xenterprise\x\j\c
<hw>entresol</hw> \K/"Qntr\F'\nsQl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IArchit\i a low storey between the first and the ground floor; a mezzanine floor. \BEtymology:\b \3French, from \Ientre\i 'between' + \Isol\i 'ground'\c
<hw>entrism</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xentryism\x.\j
<hw>entropy</hw> \K/"Entr\F'\npi/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPhysics\i a measure of the unavailability of a system's thermal energy for conversion into mechanical work, in some contexts interpreted as a measure of the degree of disorder or randomness in the system.\p\B2\b \IMath\i a measure of the rate of transfer of information in a message etc. \Bentropic\b \K/-"trQpIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Bentropically\b \K/-"trQpIk(\F'\n)li/\k \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3German \IEntropie\i (as \J\Xen-\x (2),\j Greek \Itrope\i 'transformation')\c
<hw>entrust</hw> \K/In"trVst/, /En-/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \Bintrust)\b\p\B1\b \I(foll. by \Bto)\b\i give responsibility for (a person or a thing) to a person in whom one has confidence.\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bwith)\b\i assign responsibility for a thing to (a person). \Bentrustment\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>entry</hw> \K/"Entri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b the act or an instance of going or coming in. \Bb\b \ITheatr\i the coming of an actor on stage. \Bc\b ceremonial entrance.\p\B2\b liberty to go or come in.\p\B3\b \Ba\b a place of entrance; a door, gate, etc. \Bb\b \BBrit.\b a lobby.\p\B4\b \BBrit.\b a passage between buildings.\p\B5\b \IGeog\i the mouth of a river.\p\B6\b \IFinance\i \Ba\b an item entered in a diary, list, account book, etc. \Bb\b the recording of this.\p\B7\b \ISport\i \Ba\b a person or thing competing in a race, contest, etc. \Bb\b a list of competitors.\p\B8\b \IMus\i the start or resumption of music for a particular instrument in an ensemble.\p\B9\b \ILaw\i the act of taking possession.\p\B10\b \IBridge\i \Ba\b an opportunity to transfer the lead to one's partner's hand. \Bb\b a card providing this. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ientree,\i ultimately from Latin \Iintrare\i \J\Xenter\x\j\c
<hw>entry form</hw>\p\In.\i\pan application form for a competition.
<hw>entryism</hw> \K/"EntrIIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bentrism)\b \IPolit\i infiltration into a political organization to change or subvert its policies or objectives. \Bentrist\b\p\In.\i\p\Bentryist\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>entry permit</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i an authorization to enter a particular country etc.
<hw>entryphone</hw> \K/"EntrIf\F'\nUn/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ITelephony\i \Ipropr.\i an intercom device at an entrance to a building by which callers may identify themselves to gain admission.
<hw>entwine</hw> \K/In"twVIn/, /En-/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \Bintwine)\b\p\B1\b \I(foll. by \Bwith,\b \Babout,\b \Bround)\b\i twine together (a thing with or round another).\p\B2\b interweave. \Bentwinement\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>E-number</hw> \K/"i:%nVmb\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IEcon\i\p\B1\b a code number preceded by the letter E, denoting food additives according to EC directives.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i a food additive.\Ksense 2 new f. JHM Dec 94\k
<hw>enumerate</hw> \K/I"nju:m\F'\nreIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b specify (items); mention one by one.\p\B2\b count; establish the number of. \Benumerable\b \Iadj.\i \Benumeration\b \K/-"reIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Benumerative\b \K/-r\F'\ntIv/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ienumerare\i (as \J\Xe-\x,\j \J\Xnumber\x)\j\c
<hw>enumerator</hw> \K/I"nju:m\F'\nreIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person who enumerates.\p\B2\b a person employed in census-taking.
<hw>enunciate</hw> \K/I"nVnsIeIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b pronounce (words) clearly.\p\B2\b express (a proposition or theory) in definite terms.\p\B3\b proclaim. \Benunciation\b \K/-"eIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Benunciative\b \K/-sI\F'\ntIv/\k \Iadj.\i \Benunciator\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ienuntiare\i (as \J\Xe-\x,\j \Inuntiare\i 'announce' from \Inuntius\i 'messenger')\c
<hw>envelop</hw> \K/In"vEl\F'\np/, /En-/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(enveloped,\b \Benveloping)\b\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bin)\b\i \Ba\b wrap up or cover completely. \Bb\b make obscure; conceal \3(was enveloped in mystery).\c\p\B2\b \IMil.\i completely surround (an enemy). \Benvelopment\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ienvoluper\i (as \J\Xen-\x (1),\j origin of second element unknown: cf. \J\Xdevelop\x)\j\c
<hw>envelope</hw> \K/"Env\F'\nl\F'\nUp/, /"Qn-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a folded paper container, usu. with a sealable flap, for a letter etc.\p\B2\b a wrapper or covering.\p\B3\b \IAeron\i the structure within a balloon or airship containing the gas.\p\B4\b \IElectr\i the outer metal or glass housing of a vacuum tube, electric light, etc.\p\B5\b \IElectr.\i a curve joining the successive peaks of a modulated wave.\p\B6\b \IBot.\i an enveloping structure, esp. the calyx or corolla (or both).\p\B7\b \IMath.\i a line or curve tangent to each line or curve of a given family. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ienveloppe\i (as \J\Xenvelop\x)\j\c
<hw>envenom</hw> \K/In"vEn\F'\nm/, /En-/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b put poison on or into; make poisonous.\p\B2\b infuse venom or bitterness into (feelings, words, or actions). \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ienvenimer\i (as \J\Xen-\x (1),\j \Ivenim\i \J\Xvenom\x)\j\c
<hw>enviable</hw> \K/"EnvI\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i (of a person or thing) exciting or likely to excite envy. \Benviably\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>envious</hw> \K/"EnvI\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i \I(often foll. by \Bof)\b\i feeling or showing envy. \Benviously\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Anglo-French \Ienvious,\i Old French \Ienvieus,\i from \Ienvie\i \J\Xenvy\x\j\c
<hw>environ</hw> \K/In"vVIr\F'\nn/, /En-/\k \Iv.tr.\i encircle, surround (esp. hostilely or protectively). \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ienvironer\i from \Ienviron\i 'surroundings', from \Ien\i 'in' + \Iviron\i 'circuit' from \Ivirer\i 'turn, \J\Xveer\x (1)\j'\c
<hw>environment</hw> \K/In"vVIr\F'\nnm(\F'\n)nt/, /En-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ISociol\i the physical surroundings, conditions, circumstances, etc., in which a person lives \3(poor home environment).\c\p\B2\b the area surrounding a place.\Ksense 2 revised after NSOED Jun 94\k\p\B3\b \Ba\b \IEcol.\i external conditions as affecting plant and animal life. \Bb\b \B(the environment)\b the totality of the physical conditions on the earth or a part of it, esp. as affected by human activity.\Ksense 3b new f. NSOED Jun 94\k\p\B4\b \IComputing\i the overall structure within which a user, computer, or program operates.\Ksense 5 new in COD9 from POD8\k\p\B5\b \IArt\i a structure designed to be experienced from inside as a work of art. \Benvironmental\b \K/-"mEnt(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Benvironmentally\b \K/-"mEnt(\F'\n)li/\k \Iadv.\i
<hw>environmentalist</hw> \K/In%vVIr\F'\nn"mEnt(\F'\n)lIst/, /En-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IEcol\i\p\B1\b a person who is concerned with or advocates the protection of the environment.\p\B2\b a person who considers that environment has the primary influence on the development of a person or group. \Benvironmentalism\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>environment-friendly</hw> \Iadj.\i \IEcol.\i not harmful to the environment.\Knew in COD9 from Wordfinder\k
<hw>environs</hw> \K/In"vVIr\F'\nnz/, /En-/, /"EnvIr\F'\nnz/\k \In.pl.\i a surrounding district, esp. round an urban area.
<hw>envisage</hw> \K/In"vIzIdZ/, /En-/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b have a mental picture of (a thing or conditions not yet existing).\p\B2\b contemplate or conceive, esp. as a possibility or desirable future event.\p\B3\b \Iarchaic\i \Ba\b face (danger, facts, etc.). \Bb\b look in the face of. \Benvisagement\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Ienvisager\i (as \J\Xen-\x (1),\j \J\Xvisage\x)\j\c
<hw>envoi</hw> \K/"EnvOI/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Benvoy)\b\p\B1\b \IProsody\i a short stanza concluding a ballade etc.\p\B2\b \Iarchaic\i an author's concluding words. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ienvoi,\i from \Ienvoyer\i (as \J\Xenvoy\x (1))\j\c
<hw>envoy (1)</hw> \K/"EnvOI/\k\p\In.\i\p\IDiplomacy\i\p\B1\b a messenger or representative, esp. on a diplomatic mission.\p\B2\b (in full \Benvoy extraordinary)\b a minister plenipotentiary, ranking below ambassador and above chargΘ d'affaires. \Benvoyship\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \IenvoyΘ,\i past part. of \Ienvoyer\i 'send', from \Ien voie\i 'on the way', from Latin \Ivia\i\c
<hw>envoy (2)</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xenvoi\x.\j
<hw>envy</hw> \K/"Envi/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b a feeling of discontented or resentful longing aroused by another's better fortune etc.\p\B2\b the object or ground of this feeling \3(their house is the envy of the neighbourhood).\c \Iv.tr.\i \B(-ies,\b \B-ied)\b feel envy of (a person, circumstances, etc.) \3(I envy you your position).\c \Benvier\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ienvie\i from Latin \Iinvidia,\i from \Iinvidere\i 'envy' (as \J\Xin-\x (1),\j \Ividere\i 'see')\c
<hw>enweave</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xinweave\x.\j
<hw>enwrap</hw> \K/In"rap/, /En-/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \Binwrap)\b \B(-wrapped,\b \B-wrapping)\b \I(often foll. by \Bin)\b\i \Iliterary\i wrap or enfold.
<hw>enwreathe</hw> \K/In"ri:D/, /En-/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \Binwreathe)\b \Iliterary\i surround with or as with a wreath.
<hw>Enzed</hw> \K/En"zEd/\k\p\In.\i\p\BAustral.\b & \BNZ\b \IGeog People\i \Icolloq.\i a popular written form of:\p\B1\b New Zealand.\p\B2\b a New Zealander. \BEnzedder\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3pronunciation of \INZ\i\c
<hw>enzootic</hw> \K/Enz\F'\nU"QtIk/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IBiol Zool\i \Iadj.\i (of a disease) regularly affecting animals in a particular district or at a particular season \I(cf.\i \J\Xendemic\x,\j \J\Xepizootic\x).\j\p\In.\i\pan enzootic disease. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ien\i 'in' + \Izoion\i 'animal'\c
<hw>enzyme</hw> \K/"EnzVIm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiochem.\i a protein acting as a catalyst in a specific biochemical reaction. \Benzymatic\b \K/-"matIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Benzymic\b \K/-"zVImIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Benzymology\b \K/-"mQl\F'\ndZi/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3German \IEnzym\i from medieval Greek \Ienzumos\i 'leavened', from Greek \Ien\i 'in' + \Izume\i 'leaven'\c
<hw>Eocene</hw> \K/"i:\F'\n(U)si:n/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IGeol.\i \Iadj.\i of or relating to the second epoch of the Tertiary period with evidence of an abundance of mammals including horses, bats, and whales. Cf. Appendix X.\p\In.\i\pthis epoch or system. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ieos\i 'dawn' + \Ikainos\i 'new'\c
<hw>eolith</hw> \K/"i:\F'\n(U)lIT/\k\p\In.\i\p\IArchaeol.\i any of various roughly chipped flints found in Tertiary strata and originally thought to be early artefacts. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ieos\i 'dawn' + \Ilithos\i 'stone'\c
<hw>eolithic</hw> \K/i:\F'\n(U)"lITIk/\k \Iadj.\i \IArchaeol.\i of the period preceding the palaeolithic age, thought to include the earliest use of flint tools. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IΘolithique\i (as \J\Xeolith\x)\j\c
<hw>eon</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xaeon\x.\j
<hw>eosin</hw> \K/"i:\F'\n(U)sIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiol Chem\i a red fluorescent dye used esp. as a stain in optical microscopy. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ieos\i 'dawn' + \J\X-in\x\j\c
<hw>eosinophil</hw> \K/i:\F'\n(U)"sIn\F'\nfIl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiol\i a white blood cell containing granules readily stained by eosin.
<hw>-eous</hw> \K/I\F'\ns/\k \Isuffix\i forming adjectives meaning 'of the nature of' \3(erroneous;\c \2gaseous).\c
<hw>EP</hw> \Iabbr.\i\p\B1\b \IMetallurgy\i electroplate.\p\B2\b \IElectronics\i (esp. of a gramophone record) extended-play.\p\B3\b \IEngin\i extreme pressure (used in grading lubricants).\Ksense 3 new f. OERD May 94\k
<hw>Ep.</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IEccl\i Epistle.
<hw>ep-</hw> \K/Ep/, /Ip/, /i:p/\k \Iprefix\i \Iform of\i \J\Xepi-\x\j before a vowel or \Ih.\i
<hw>e.p.</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IChess\i en passant.
<hw>EPA</hw> \Iabbr.\i (in the US) Environmental Protection Agency.
<hw>epact</hw> \K/"i:pakt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAstron\i the number of days by which the solar year exceeds the lunar year. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IΘpacte\i via Late Latin \Iepactae\i from Greek \Iepaktai\i \I(hemerai)\i 'intercalated (days)', from \Iepago\i 'intercalate' (as \J\Xepi-\x,\j \Iago\i 'bring')\c
<hw>eparch</hw> \K/"EpA:k/\k\p\In.\i\p\IEccl\i the chief bishop of an eparchy. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ieparkhos\i (as \J\Xepi-\x,\j \Iarkhos\i 'ruler')\c
<hw>eparchy</hw> \K/"EpA:ki/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IEccl\i a province of the Orthodox Church. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ieparkhia\i (as \J\Xeparch\x)\j\c
<hw>epaulette</hw> \K/"Ep\F'\nlEt/, /-pO:l-/, /Ep\F'\n"lEt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Bepaulet)\b \IClothing\i an ornamental shoulder-piece on a coat, dress, etc., esp. on a uniform. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IΘpaulette,\i diminutive of \IΘpaule\i 'shoulder', from Latin \Ispatula:\i see \J\Xspatula\x\j\c
<hw>ΘpΘe</hw> \K/"eIpeI/, /"Ep-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFencing\i a sharp-pointed duelling-sword, used (with the end blunted) in fencing. \BΘpΘeist\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French, = sword, from Old French \Iespee:\i see \J\Xspay\x\j\c
<hw>epeirogenesis</hw> \K/I%pVIr\F'\n(U)"dZEnIsIs/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bepeirogeny\b \K/-"rQdZ\F'\nni/\k) \IGeol.\i the regional uplift of extensive areas of the earth's crust. \Bepeirogenic\b \K/-"dZEnIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iepeiros\i 'mainland' + \J\Xgenesis\x,\j \J\X-geny\x\j\c
<hw>epenthesis</hw> \K/E"pEnTIsIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bepentheses\b \K/-si:z/\k) \IPhonet\i the insertion of a letter or sound within a word, e.g. \Ib\i in \Ithimble.\i \Bepenthetic\b \K/EpEn"TEtIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin from Greek, from \Iepentithemi\i 'insert' (as \J\Xepi-\x\j + \J\Xen-\x (2)\j + \Itithemi\i 'place')\c
<hw>epergne</hw> \K/I"p\F'\n:n/\k\p\In.\i\pan ornament (esp. in branched form) for the centre of a dinner-table, holding flowers or fruit. \BEtymology:\b \318th c.: perhaps a corruption of French \IΘpargne\i 'saving, economy', in the phrase \Itaille\i or \Igravure d'Θpargne,\i metal or etching in which parts are 'spared', i.e. left in relief\c
<hw>epexegesis</hw> \K/E%pEksI"dZi:sIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bepexegeses\b \K/-si:z/\k) \ISemantics\i\p\B1\b the addition of words to clarify meaning (e.g. \Ito do\i in \Idifficult to do).\i\p\B2\b the words added. \Bepexegetic\b \K/-"dZEtIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Bepexegetical\b \K/-"dZEtIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Bepexegetically\b \K/-"dZEtIk(\F'\n)li/\k \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iepexegesis\i (as \J\Xepi-\x,\j \J\Xexegesis\x)\j\c
<hw>Eph.</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IBibl\i Ephesians (New Testament).
<hw>ephebe</hw> \K/E"fi:b/, /I-/, /"Efi:b/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGk Hist.\i a young man of 18-20 undergoing military training. \Bephebic\b \K/E"fi:bIk/, /I-/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iephebus\i from Greek \Iephebos\i (as \J\Xepi-\x,\j \Ihebe\i 'early manhood')\c
<hw>ephedra</hw> \K/E"fEdr\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i any evergreen shrub of the genus \IEphedra,\i with trailing stems and scalelike leaves. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from Greek \Iephedra\i 'sitting upon'\c
<hw>ephedrine</hw> \K/"Ef\F'\ndri:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPharm\i an alkaloid drug found in some ephedras, causing constriction of the blood vessels and widening of the bronchial passages, and used to relieve asthma etc. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xephedra\x\j + \J\X-ine\x (4)\j\c
<hw>ephemera (1)</hw> \K/I"fEm(\F'\n)r\F'\n/, /-"fi:m-/, /E-/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bephemeras\b or \Bephemerae\b \K/-ri:/\k)\p\B1\b \IZool\i \Ba\b an insect living only a day or a few days. \Bb\b any insect of the order Ephemeroptera, e.g. the mayfly.\p\B2\b = \J\Xephemeron\x 1.\j \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from Greek \Iephemeros\i 'lasting only a day' (as \J\Xepi-\x,\j \Ihemera\i 'day')\c
<hw>ephemeral</hw> \K/I"fEm(\F'\n)r(\F'\n)l/, /-"fi:m-/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b lasting or of use for only a short time; transitory.\p\B2\b lasting only a day.\p\B3\b \IBot Zool\i (of an insect, flower, etc.) lasting a day or a few days. \Bephemerality\b \K/-"ralIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bephemerally\b \Iadv.\i \Bephemeralness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iephemeros:\i see \J\Xephemera\x (1)\j\c
<hw>ephemeris</hw> \K/I"fEm(\F'\n)rIs/, /-"fi:m-/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bephemerides\b \K/EfI"mErIdi:z/\k) \IAstron.\i\p\B1\b a table of the predicted positions of a celestial body.\p\B2\b a book of such tables, an almanac. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin from Greek \Iephemeris\i 'diary' (as \J\Xephemeral\x)\j\c
<hw>ephemerist</hw> \K/I"fEm(\F'\n)rIst/, /-"fi:m-/, /E-/\k\p\In.\i\pa collector of ephemera.
<hw>ephemeris time</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IHorol\i time on a scale defined by the orbital period rather than the axial rotation of the earth.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Jan 94\k
<hw>ephemeron</hw> \K/I"fEm(\F'\n)rQn/, /-"fi:m-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \I(pl.\i \Bephemera\b \K/-r\F'\n/\k) \I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i \Ba\b a thing (esp. a printed item) of short-lived interest or usefulness. \Bb\b a short-lived thing.\p\B2\b \I(pl.\i \Bephemerons)\b \IZool\i = \J\Xephemera\x (1) 1.\j \BEtymology:\b \3as \J\Xephemera\x (1)\j\c
<hw>ephod</hw> \K/"i:fQd/, /"EfQd/\k\p\In.\i\p\IEccl\i a Jewish priestly vestment. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Hebrew '\Iep⌠d\i\c
<hw>ephor</hw> \K/"EfO:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGk Hist.\i each of five senior magistrates in ancient Sparta. \Bephorate\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iephoros\i 'overseer' (as \J\Xepi-\x,\j \Ihorao\i 'see')\c
<hw>epi-</hw> \K/"Epi/\k \Iprefix\i (usu. \Bep-\b before a vowel or \Ih)\i\p\B1\b upon \3(epicycle).\c\p\B2\b above \3(epicotyl).\c\p\B3\b in addition \3(epiphenomenon).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iepi\i \I(prep.)\i\c
<hw>epiblast</hw> \K/"EpIblast/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiol.\i \IAnat\i the outermost layer of a gastrula etc.; the ectoderm. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xepi-\x\j + \J\X-blast\x\j\c
<hw>epic</hw> \K/"EpIk/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ILiterature\i a long poem narrating the adventures or deeds of one or more heroic or legendary figures, e.g. the \IIliad,\i \IParadise Lost.\i\p\B2\b an imaginative work of any form, embodying a nation's conception of its past history.\p\B3\b \ICinematog.\i a book or film based on an epic narrative or heroic in type or scale.\p\B4\b a subject fit for recital in an epic. \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of or like an epic.\p\B2\b grand, heroic. \Bepical\b \Iadj.\i \Bepically\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iepicus\i from Greek \Iepikos,\i from \Iepos\i 'word, song'\c
<hw>epicarp</hw> \K/"EpIkA:p/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot.\i \IAnat\i the outermost layer of the pericarp. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xepi-\x\j + Greek \Ikarpos\i 'fruit'\c
<hw>epicedium</hw> \K/EpI"si:dI\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bepicedia\b \K/-dI\F'\n/\k) \ILiterature\i a funeral ode. \Bepicedian\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin from Greek \Iepikedeion\i (as \J\Xepi-\x,\j \Ikedos\i 'care')\c
<hw>epicene</hw> \K/"EpIsi:n/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IGram.\i denoting either sex without change of gender.\p\B2\b of, for, or used by both sexes.\p\B3\b having characteristics of both sexes.\p\B4\b having no characteristics of either sex.\p\B5\b effete, effeminate.\p\In.\i\pan epicene person. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Late Latin \Iepicoenus\i from Greek \Iepikoinos\i (as \J\Xepi-\x,\j \Ikoinos\i 'common')\c
<hw>epicentre</hw> \K/"EpIsEnt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Bepicenter)\b\p\B1\b \IGeol.\i the point at which an earthquake reaches the earth's surface.\p\B2\b the central point of a difficulty. \Bepicentral\b \K/-"sEntr(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iepikentros\i \I(adj.)\i (as \J\Xepi-\x,\j \J\Xcentre\x)\j\c
<hw>epicontinental</hw> \K/%EpIkQntI"nEnt(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \IGeol\i (of the sea) over the continental shelf.
<hw>epicotyl</hw> \K/EpI"kQtIl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot.\i \IAnat\i the region of an embryo or seedling stem above the cotyledon(s).
<hw>epicure</hw> \K/"EpIkjU\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pa person with refined tastes, esp. in food and drink. \Bepicurism\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Iepicurus\i 'one preferring sensual enjoyment': see \J\XEpicurean\x\j\c
<hw>Epicurean</hw> \K/%EpIkjU(\F'\n)"ri:\F'\nn/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPhilos\i a disciple or student of the Greek philosopher Epicurus (d. 270 bc), who taught that the highest good is personal happiness.\p\B2\b \B(epicurean)\b a person devoted to (esp. sensual) enjoyment. \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IPhilos\i of or concerning Epicurus or his ideas.\p\B2\b \B(epicurean)\b characteristic of an epicurean. \BEpicureanism\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \IΘpicurien\i or Latin \Iepicureus\i from Greek \Iepikoureios,\i from \IEpikouros\i 'Epicurus'\c
<hw>epicycle</hw> \K/"EpIsVIk(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IGeom.\i \IMath\i a small circle whose centre moves round the circumference of a larger one.\p\B2\b \Ihist.\i any such circle used to describe planetary orbits in the Ptolemaic system.\Ksense 2 new f. OERD Jun 94\k \Bepicyclic\b \K/-"sVIklIk/, /-"sIklIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French or Late Latin \Iepicyclus\i from Greek \Iepikuklos\i (as \J\Xepi-\x,\j \Ikuklos\i 'circle')\c
<hw>epicycloid</hw> \K/EpI"sVIklOId/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMath.\i a curve traced by a point on the circumference of a circle rolling on the exterior of another circle. \Bepicycloidal\b \K/-"klOId(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i
<hw>epideictic</hw> \K/EpI"dVIktIk/\k \Iadj.\i \IRhet\i meant for effect or display, esp. in speaking. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iepideiktikos\i (as \J\Xepi-\x,\j \Ideiknumi\i 'show')\c
<hw>epidemic</hw> \K/EpI"dEmIk/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\I\Iesp.\i Med\i\p\B1\b a widespread occurrence of a disease in a community at a particular time.\p\B2\b such a disease.\p\B3\b \I(foll. by \Bof)\b\i a wide prevalence of something usu. undesirable. \Iadj.\i \IMed\i in the nature of an epidemic \I(cf.\i \J\Xendemic\x).\j \Bepidemically\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \IΘpidΘmique\i from \IΘpidΘmie,\i via Late Latin \Iepidemia\i from Greek \Iepidemia\i 'prevalence of disease', from \Iepidemios\i \I(adj.)\i (as \J\Xepi-\x,\j \Idemos\i 'the people')\c
<hw>epidemiology</hw> \K/%EpIdi:mI"Ql\F'\ndZi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i the study of the incidence and distribution of diseases and of other factors relating to health. \Bepidemiological\b \K/-mI\F'\n"lQdZIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Bepidemiologist\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>epidermis</hw> \K/EpI"d\F'\n:mIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnat Zool\i\p\B1\b the outer cellular layer of the skin.\p\B2\b \IBot.\i the outer layer of cells of leaves, stems, roots, etc. \Bepidermal\b \Iadj.\i \Bepidermic\b \Iadj.\i \Bepidermoid\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin from Greek, formed as \J\Xepi-\x\j + \Iderma\i 'skin'\c
<hw>epidiascope</hw> \K/EpI"dVI\F'\nsk\F'\nUp/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i an optical projector capable of giving images of both opaque and transparent objects. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xepi-\x\j + \J\Xdia-\x\j + \J\X-scope\x\j\c
<hw>epididymis</hw> \K/EpI"dIdImIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bepididymides\b \K/-dI"dImIdi:z/\k) \IAnat.\i a convoluted duct behind the testis, along which sperm passes to the vas deferens. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iepididumis\i (as \J\Xepi-\x,\j \Ididumoi\i 'testicles')\c
<hw>epidural</hw> \K/EpI"djU\F'\nr(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IAnat.\i on or around the dura mater.\p\B2\b \ISurgery\i (of an anaesthetic) introduced into the space around the dura mater of the spinal cord.\p\In.\i\p\ISurgery\i an epidural anaesthetic, used esp. in childbirth to produce loss of sensation below the waist. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xepi-\x\j + \J\Xdura mater\x\j\c
<hw>epifauna</hw> \K/"EpIfO:n\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool.\i the animal life which lives on the surface of the seabed, a river bed, etc., or attached to submerged objects or to aquatic animals or plants (cf. \J\Xinfauna\x).\j \Bepifaunal\b \Iadj.\i\Kepifaunal new f. MJW Sep 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Danish (as \J\Xepi-\x,\j \J\Xfauna\x)\j\c
<hw>epigastrium</hw> \K/EpI"gastrI\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bepigastria\b \K/-rI\F'\n/\k) \IAnat.\i the part of the abdomen immediately over the stomach. \Bepigastric\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin from Greek \Iepigastrion\i (neut. \Iadj.)\i (as \J\Xepi-\x,\j \Igaster\i 'belly')\c
<hw>epigeal</hw> \K/EpI"dZi:\F'\nl/\k \Iadj.\i \IBot.\i\p\B1\b having one or more cotyledons above the ground.\p\B2\b growing above the ground. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iepigeios\i (as \J\Xepi-\x,\j \Ige\i 'earth')\c
<hw>epigene</hw> \K/"EpIdZi:n/\k \Iadj.\i \IGeol.\i produced on the surface of the earth. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IΘpigΦne\i from Greek \Iepigenes\i (as \J\Xepi-\x,\j \Igenes\i 'born')\c
<hw>epigenesis</hw> \K/EpI"dZEnIsIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiol.\i the theory (now generally held) that the embryo develops from an undifferentiated egg cell.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. jan 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xepi-\x\j + \J\Xgenesis\x\j\c
<hw>epigenetic</hw> \K/%EpIdZI"nEtIk/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IBiol.\i \Ba\b relating to epigenesis. \Bb\b due to external not genetic influences.\p\B2\b \IGeol.\i formed later than the surrounding rock.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Jan 94\k
<hw>epiglottis</hw> \K/EpI"glQtIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnat.\i a flap of cartilage at the root of the tongue, which is depressed during swallowing to cover the windpipe. \Bepiglottal\b \Iadj.\i \Bepiglottic\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iepiglottis\i (as \J\Xepi-\x,\j \Iglotta\i 'tongue')\c
<hw>epigone</hw> \K/"EpIg\F'\nUn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bepigones\b or \Bepigoni\b \K/I"pIg\F'\nnVI/, /E-/\k) a member of a later (and less distinguished) generation. \BEtymology:\b \3pl. from French \IΘpigones\i via Latin \Iepigoni\i from Greek \Iepigonoi\i 'those born afterwards' (as \J\Xepi-\x,\j root of \Igignomai\i 'be born')\c
<hw>epigram</hw> \K/"EpIgram/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ILiterature\i a short witty poem.\p\B2\b \Ba\b a saying or maxim, esp. a proverbial one. \Bb\b a pointed remark or expression, esp. a witty one.\K2a new in COD9 f. Wordfinder Oct 93\k\p\B3\b the use of concise witty remarks. \Bepigrammatic\b \K/-gr\F'\n"matIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Bepigrammatically\b \K/-gr\F'\n"matIk(\F'\n)li/\k \Iadv.\i \Bepigrammatist\b \K/-"gram\F'\ntIst/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bepigrammatize\b \K/-"gram\F'\ntVIz/\k \Iv.tr. & intr.\i (also \B-ise).\b \BEtymology:\b \3French \IΘpigramme\i or Latin \Iepigramma\i from Greek \Iepigramma -atos\i (as \J\Xepi-\x,\j \J\X-gram\x)\j\c
<hw>epigraph</hw> \K/"EpIgrA:f/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILiterature\i an inscription on a statue or coin, at the head of a chapter, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iepigraphe\i from \Iepigrapho\i (as \J\Xepi-\x,\j \Igrapho\i 'write')\c
<hw>epigraphy</hw> \K/I"pIgr\F'\nfi/, /E-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAntiq\i the study of (esp. ancient) inscriptions. \Bepigraphic\b \K/-"grafIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Bepigraphical\b \K/-"grafIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Bepigraphically\b \K/-"grafIk(\F'\n)li/\k \Iadv.\i \Bepigraphist\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>epilate</hw> \K/"EpIleIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i \IMed.\i remove hair by the roots from. \Bepilation\b \K/-"leIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \IΘpiler\i (as \J\Xex-\x (1),\j Latin \Ipilus\i 'hair') cf. \J\Xdepilate\x\j\c
<hw>epilepsy</hw> \K/"EpIlEpsi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a neurological disorder marked by episodes of sensory disturbance, loss of consciousness, or convulsions. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IΘpilepsie\i or Late Latin \Iepilepsia\i from Greek \Iepilepsia,\i from \Iepilambano\i 'attack' (as \J\Xepi-\x,\j \Ilambano\i 'take')\c
<hw>epileptic</hw> \K/EpI"lEptIk/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IMed\i \Iadj.\i of or relating to epilepsy.\p\In.\i\pa person with epilepsy. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IΘpileptique\i via Late Latin \Iepilepticus\i from Greek \Iepileptikos\i (as \J\Xepilepsy\x)\j\c
<hw>epilimnion</hw> \K/EpI"lImnI\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bepilimnia\b \K/-nI\F'\n/\k) \IGeog\i the upper layer of water in a stratified lake. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xepi-\x\j + Greek \Ilimnion,\i diminutive of \Ilimne\i 'lake'\c
<hw>epilogist</hw> \K/I"pIl\F'\ndZIst/, /E-/\k\p\In.\i\pthe writer or speaker of an epilogue.
<hw>epilogue</hw> \K/"EpIlQg/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \BUS\b \Bepilog)\b \ILiterature\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the concluding part of a literary work. \Bb\b an appendix.\p\B2\b a speech or short poem addressed to the audience by an actor at the end of a play.\p\B3\b \BBrit.\b \IBroadcasting\i a short piece at the end of a day's broadcasting \I(cf.\i \J\Xprologue\x\p\In.\i\p1a).\j \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via French \IΘpilogue\i and Latin \Iepilogus\i from Greek \Iepilogos\i (as \J\Xepi-\x,\j \Ilogos\i 'speech')\c
<hw>epimer</hw> \K/"EpIm\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i either of two isomers with different configurations of atoms about one of several asymmetric carbon atoms present. \Bepimeric\b \K/-"mErIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Bepimerism\b \K/I"pIm-/, /E-/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3German (as \J\Xepi-\x,\j \J\X-mer\x)\j\c
<hw>epimerize</hw> \K/I"pIm\F'\nrVIz/, /E-/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b \IChem.\i convert from one epimeric form into the other.
<hw>epinasty</hw> \K/"EpInasti/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot.\i a tendency in plant organs to grow more rapidly on the upper side. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xepi-\x\j + Greek \Inastos\i 'pressed'\c
<hw>epiphany</hw> \K/I"pIf(\F'\n)ni/, /E-/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IRelig\i\p\B1\b \B(Epiphany)\b \Ba\b the manifestation of Christ to the Magi according to the biblical account. \Bb\b the festival commemorating this on 6 January.\p\B2\b any manifestation of a god or demigod. \Bepiphanic\b \K/EpI"fanIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Greek \Iepiphaneia\i 'manifestation', from \Iepiphaino\i 'reveal' (as \J\Xepi-\x,\j \Iphaino\i 'show'): sense 1 via Old French \Iepiphanie\i and ecclesiastical Latin \Iepiphania\i\c
<hw>epiphenomenon</hw> \K/%EpIf\F'\n"nQmIn\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bepiphenomena\b \K/-n\F'\n/\k) a secondary effect or by-product which arises from but does not causally influence a process, esp.:\p\B1\b \IMed.\i a secondary symptom, occurring simultaneously with a disease etc. but not directly related to it.\p\B2\b consciousness regarded as a by-product of brain activity. \Bepiphenomenal\b \Iadj.\i
<hw>epiphysis</hw> \K/I"pIfIsIs/, /E-/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bepiphyses\b \K/-si:z/\k) \IAnat.\i\p\B1\b the end part of a long bone, initially growing separately from the shaft.\p\B2\b = \J\Xpineal body\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from Greek \Iepiphusis\i (as \J\Xepi-\x,\j \Iphusis\i 'growth')\c
<hw>epiphyte</hw> \K/"EpIfVIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a plant growing on another but not parasitic, e.g. a moss on a tree trunk. \Bepiphytal\b \K/-"fVIt(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Bepiphytic\b \K/EpI"fItIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xepi-\x\j + Greek \Iphuton\i 'plant'\c
<hw>episcopacy</hw> \K/I"pIsk\F'\np\F'\nsi/, /E-/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IEccl\i\p\B1\b government of a Church by bishops.\p\B2\b \I(prec. by \Bthe)\b\i the bishops.
<hw>episcopal</hw> \K/I"pIsk\F'\np(\F'\n)l/, /E-/\k \Iadj.\i \IEccl\i\p\B1\b of a bishop or bishops.\p\B2\b (of a Church) constituted on the principle of government by bishops. \Bepiscopalism\b\p\In.\i\p\Bepiscopally\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from French \IΘpiscopal\i or ecclesiastical Latin \Iepiscopalis,\i from \Iepiscopus\i \J\Xbishop\x\j\c
<hw>Episcopal Church</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i the Anglican Church in Scotland and the US, with elected bishops.
<hw>episcopalian</hw> \K/I%pIsk\F'\n"peIlI\F'\nn/, /E-/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i \IEccl\i\p\B1\b of or advocating government of a Church by bishops.\p\B2\b of or belonging to an episcopal Church or \B(Episcopalian)\b the Episcopal Church.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an adherent of episcopacy.\p\B2\b \B(Episcopalian)\b a member of the Episcopal Church. \Bepiscopalianism\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>episcopate</hw> \K/I"pIsk\F'\np\F'\nt/, /E-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IEccl\i\p\B1\b the office or tenure of a bishop.\p\B2\b \I(prec. by \Bthe)\b\i the bishops collectively. \BEtymology:\b \3ecclesiastical Latin \Iepiscopatus\i from \Iepiscopus\i \J\Xbishop\x\j\c
<hw>episcope</hw> \K/"EpIsk\F'\nUp/\k\p\In.\i\p\IOptics\i an optical projector giving images of opaque objects.
<hw>episematic</hw> \K/%EpIsI"matIk/\k \Iadj.\i \IZool.\i (of coloration, markings, etc.) serving to help recognition by animals of the same species. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xepi-\x\j + Greek \Isema sematos\i 'sign'\c
<hw>episiotomy</hw> \K/I%pIsI"Qt\F'\nmi/, /E-/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \ISurgery\i a surgical cut made at the opening of the vagina during childbirth, to aid delivery. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iepision\i 'pubic region'\c
<hw>episode</hw> \K/"EpIs\F'\nUd/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b one event or a group of events as part of a sequence.\p\B2\b \ILiterature Broadcasting\i each of the parts of a serial story or broadcast.\p\B3\b an incident or set of incidents in a narrative.\p\B4\b an incident that is distinct but contributes to a whole \3(a romantic episode in her life).\c\p\B5\b \IMus.\i a passage containing distinct material or introducing a new subject.\p\B6\b \IProsody\i the part between two choric songs in Greek tragedy. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iepeisodion\i (as \J\Xepi-\x\j + \Ieisodos\i 'entry', from \Ieis\i 'into' + \Ihodos\i 'way')\c
<hw>episodic</hw> \K/EpI"sQdIk/\k \Iadj.\i (also \Bepisodical\b \K/-"sQdIk(\F'\n)l/\k)\p\B1\b occurring as separate episodes.\p\B2\b sporadic; occurring at irregular intervals. \Bepisodically\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>epistaxis</hw> \K/EpI"staksIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed.\i bleeding from the nose. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from Greek (as \J\Xepi-\x,\j \Istazo\i 'drip')\c
<hw>epistemic</hw> \K/EpI"sti:mIk/, /-"stEm-/\k \Iadj.\i \IPhilos.\i relating to knowledge or to the degree of its validation. \Bepistemically\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iepisteme\i 'knowledge'\c
<hw>epistemology</hw> \K/I%pIstI"mQl\F'\ndZi/, /E-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhilos\i the theory of knowledge, esp. with regard to its methods and validation. \Bepistemological\b \K/-m\F'\n"lQdZIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Bepistemologically\b \K/-m\F'\n"lQdZIk(\F'\n)li/\k \Iadv.\i \Bepistemologist\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>epistle</hw> \K/I"pIs(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Iformal\i or \Ijoc.\i a letter, esp. a long one on a serious subject.\p\B2\b (also \BEpistle)\b \Ba\b \IBibl\i any of the letters of the Apostles in the New Testament. \Bb\b \IEccl\i an extract from an Epistle read in a church service.\p\B3\b a poem or other literary work in the form of a letter or series of letters. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French and Latin \Iepistola\i from Greek \Iepistole,\i from \Iepistello\i 'send news' (as \J\Xepi-\x,\j \Istello\i 'send')\c
<hw>epistolary</hw> \K/I"pIst(\F'\n)l(\F'\n)ri/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b in the style or form of a letter or letters.\p\B2\b of, carried by, or suited to letters. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IΘpistolaire\i or Latin \Iepistolaris\i (as \J\Xepistle\x)\j\c
<hw>epistrophe</hw> \K/I"pIstr\F'\nfi/, /E-/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILinguistics\i the repetition of a word at the end of successive clauses. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek (as \J\Xepi-\x,\j \Istrophe\i 'turning')\c
<hw>epistyle</hw> \K/"EpIstVIl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IArchit.\i = \J\Xarchitrave\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3French \IΘpistyle\i or Latin \Iepistylium\i from Greek \Iepistulion\i (as \J\Xepi-\x,\j \Istulos\i 'pillar')\c
<hw>epitaph</hw> \K/"EpItA:f/, /-taf/\k\p\In.\i\pwords written in memory of a person who has died, esp. as a tomb inscription. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iepitaphe\i and Latin \Iepitaphium\i from Greek \Iepitaphion\i 'funeral oration' (as \J\Xepi-\x,\j \Itaphos\i 'tomb')\c
<hw>epitaxy</hw> \K/"EpItaksi/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICrystallog.\i \IElectronics\i the growth of crystals on a crystalline substrate that determines their orientation. \Bepitaxial\b \K/-"taksI\F'\nl/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \IΘpitaxie\i (as \J\Xepi-\x,\j Greek \Itaxis\i 'arrangement')\c
<hw>epithalamium</hw> \K/%EpIT\F'\n"leImI\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bepithalamiums\b or \Bepithalamia\b \K/-mI\F'\n/\k) \ILiterature\i a song or poem celebrating a marriage. \Bepithalamial\b \Iadj.\i \Bepithalamic\b \K/-"lamIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin from Greek \Iepithalamion\i (as \J\Xepi-\x,\j \Ithalamos\i 'bridal chamber')\c
<hw>epithelium</hw> \K/EpI"Ti:lI\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bepitheliums\b or \Bepithelia\b \K/-lI\F'\n/\k) \IAnat.\i the tissue forming the outer layer of the body surface and lining the alimentary canal and other hollow structures. \Bepithelial\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin, from \J\Xepi-\x\j + Greek \Ithele\i 'teat'\c
<hw>epithet</hw> \K/"EpITEt/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISemantics\i\p\B1\b an adjective or other descriptive word expressing a quality or attribute, esp. used with or as a name.\p\B2\b such a word as a term of abuse. \Bepithetic\b \K/-"TEtIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Bepithetical\b \K/-"TEtIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Bepithetically\b \K/-"TEtIk(\F'\n)li/\k \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \IΘpithΦte\i or Latin \Iepitheton\i from Greek \Iepitheton,\i from \Iepitithemi\i 'add' (as \J\Xepi-\x,\j \Itithemi\i 'place')\c
<hw>epitome</hw> \K/I"pIt\F'\nmi/, /E-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person or thing embodying a quality, class, etc.\p\B2\b a thing representing another in miniature.\p\B3\b a summary of a written work; an abstract. \Bepitomist\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin from Greek \Iepitome,\i from \Iepitemno\i 'abridge' (as \J\Xepi-\x,\j \Itemno\i 'cut')\c
<hw>epitomize</hw> \K/I"pIt\F'\nmVIz/, /E-/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b\p\B1\b be a perfect example of (a quality etc.); typify.\p\B2\b make an epitome of (a work). \Bepitomization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>epizoon</hw> \K/EpI"z\F'\nUQn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bepizoa\b \K/-"z\F'\nU\F'\n/\k) \IZool Ecol\i an animal living on another animal. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin (as \J\Xepi-\x,\j Greek \Izoion\i 'animal')\c
<hw>epizootic</hw> \K/%EpIz\F'\nU"QtIk/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IZool\i \Iadj.\i (of a disease) temporarily prevalent and widespread in an animal population \I(cf.\i \J\Xenzootic\x).\j\p\In.\i\pan outbreak of such a disease. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IΘpizootique\i from \IΘpizootie\i (as \J\Xepizoon\x)\j\c
<hw>epoch</hw> \K/"i:pQk/\k\p\In.\i\p\IHorol\i\p\B1\b a period of history or of a person's life marked by notable events.\p\B2\b the beginning of an era.\p\B3\b \IGeol.\i a division of a period, corresponding to a set of strata. \Bepochal\b \K/"EpQk(\F'\n)l/, /i:"pQk-/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \Iepocha\i from Greek \Iepokhe\i 'stoppage, fixed point of time'\c
<hw>epoch-making</hw> \Iadj.\i remarkable, historic; of major importance.
<hw>epode</hw> \K/"Ep\F'\nUd/\k\p\In.\i\p\IProsody\i\p\B1\b a form of lyric poem written in couplets each of a long line followed by a shorter one.\p\B2\b the third section of an ancient Greek choral ode or of one division of it. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IΘpode\i or Latin \Iepodos\i from Greek \Iepoidos\i (as \J\Xepi-\x,\j \J\Xode\x)\j\c
<hw>eponym</hw> \K/"Ep\F'\nnIm/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISemantics\i\p\B1\b a person (real or imaginary) after whom a discovery, invention, place, institution, etc., is named or thought to be named.\p\B2\b the name given. \Beponymous\b \K/I"pQnIm\F'\ns/, /E-/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ieponumos\i (as \J\Xepi-\x,\j \I-onumos\i from \Ionoma\i 'name')\c
<hw>epoxide</hw> \K/I"pQksVId/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i a compound containing an oxygen atom bonded in a triangular arrangement to two carbon atoms. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xepi-\x\j + \J\Xoxide\x\j\c
<hw>epoxy</hw> \K/I"pQksi/, /E-/\k \Iadj.\i \IChem.\i relating to or derived from an epoxide. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xepi-\x\j + \J\Xoxy-\x (2)\j\c
<hw>epoxy resin</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ISci\i a synthetic thermosetting resin containing epoxy groups.
<hw>EPROM</hw> \K/"i:prQm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IComputing\i a read-only memory whose contents can be erased and replaced by a special process.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Jan 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3\Ie\irasable \Ip\irogrammable \IROM\i\c
<hw>eps</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IFinance\i earnings per share.\Knew f. corresp. Nov 94\k
<hw>epsilon</hw> \K/"EpsIlQn/, /Ep"sVIlQn/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILinguistics\i the fifth letter of the Greek alphabet (&Epsilon., \Fe\n). \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Greek, = bare or simple E, from \Ipsilos\i 'bare'\c
<hw>Epsom salts</hw> \K/"Eps\F'\nm/\k \In.pl.\i \IChem Pharm\i a preparation of magnesium sulphate used as a purgative etc. \BEtymology:\b \3\IEpsom,\i a town in Surrey, where it was first found occurring naturally\c
<hw>EPSRC</hw> \Iabbr.\i (in the UK) Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council.\KNew f. OERD Nov 94\k
<hw>Epstein-Barr virus</hw> \K/EpstVIn"bA:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a herpes virus causing glandular fever and associated with certain cancers, e.g. Burkitt's lymphoma.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Jan 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3named after M.A. \IEpstein,\i British virologist b. 1921, and Y.M. \IBarr,\i Irish-born virologist b. 1932\c
<hw>epyllion</hw> \K/I"pIlI\F'\nn/, /E-/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bepyllia\b \K/-lI\F'\n/\k) \IProsody\i a miniature epic poem. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iepullion,\i diminutive of \Iepos\i 'word, song'\c
<hw>equable</hw> \K/"Ekw\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b even; not varying.\p\B2\b uniform and moderate \3(an equable climate).\c\p\B3\b (of a person) not easily disturbed or angered. \Bequability\b \K/-"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bequably\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iaequabilis\i (as \J\Xequate\x)\j\c
<hw>equal</hw> \K/"i:kw(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj., n., & v.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bto,\b \Bwith)\b\i the same in quantity, quality, size, degree, rank, level, etc.\p\B2\b evenly balanced \3(an equal contest).\c\p\B3\b having the same rights or status \3(human beings are essentially equal).\c\p\B4\b uniform in application or effect.\p\In.\i\pa person or thing equal to another, esp. in rank, status, or characteristic quality \3(their treatment of the subject has no equal;\c \2is the equal of any man).\c \Iv.tr.\i \B(equalled,\b \Bequalling;\b \BUS\b \Bequaled,\b \Bequaling)\b\p\B1\b be equal to in number, quality, etc.\p\B2\b achieve something that is equal to (an achievement) or to the achievement of (a person).\p\1be equal to\c have the ability or resources for. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Iaequalis,\i from \Iaequus\i 'even'\c
<hw>equalitarian</hw> \K/I%kwQlI"tE:rI\F'\nn/, /i:-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPolit Sociol\i = \J\Xegalitarian\x.\j \Bequalitarianism\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xequality\x,\j on the pattern of \Ihumanitarian\i etc.\c
<hw>equality</hw> \K/I"kwQlIti/, /i:-/\k\p\In.\i\pthe state of being equal. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \IequalitΘ\i from Latin \Iaequalitas -tatis\i (as \J\Xequal\x)\j\c
<hw>equalize</hw> \K/"i:kw\F'\nlVIz/\k\p\Iv.\i\p(also \B-ise)\b\p\B1\b \Itr. & intr.\i make or become equal.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \ISport\i level the score in a match by scoring a goal etc. \Bequalization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>equalizer</hw> \K/"i:kw\F'\nlVIz\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \B-iser)\b\p\B1\b \ISport\i an equalizing score or goal etc. in a game.\p\B2\b \Islang\i a weapon, esp. a gun.\p\B3\b \IElectr.\i a connection in a system which compensates for any undesirable frequency or phase response with the system.
<hw>equally</hw> \K/"i:kw(\F'\n)li/\k \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b in an equal manner \3(treated them all equally).\c\p\B2\b to an equal degree \3(is equally important).\c In sense 2, construction with \Ias\i (e.g. \Iequally as important)\i is often found, but is considered incorrect by some people.
<hw>equal opportunity</hw>\p\In.\i\p\I(often in \Bpl.)\b\i \ISociol\i the opportunity or right to be employed, paid, etc., without discrimination on grounds of sex, race, etc. \I(often \Battrib.:\b\i \2equal opportunity (or opportunities) employer).\c
<hw>equal sign</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bequals sign)\b \IMath\i the symbol =.
<hw>equanimity</hw> \K/Ekw\F'\n"nImIti/, /i:-/\k\p\In.\i\pmental composure, evenness of temper, esp. in misfortune. \Bequanimous\b \K/I"kwanIm\F'\ns/, /i:-/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iaequanimitas\i from \Iaequanimis,\i from \Iaequus\i 'even' + \Ianimus\i 'mind'\c
<hw>equate</hw> \K/I"kweIt/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bto,\b \Bwith)\b\i regard as equal or equivalent.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bwith)\b\i \Ba\b be equal or equivalent to. \Bb\b agree or correspond. \Bequatable\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Iaequare aequat-,\i from \Iaequus\i 'equal'\c
<hw>equation</hw> \K/I"kweIZ(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the process of equating or making equal; the state of being equal.\p\B2\b \IMath.\i a statement that two mathematical expressions are equal (indicated by the sign =).\p\B3\b \IChem.\i a formula representing a chemical reaction expressed in terms of the molecules etc. taking part.\p\1equation of the first order, second order, etc.\c \IMath.\i an equation involving only the first derivative, second derivative, etc. \Bequational\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iequation\i or Latin \Iaequatio\i (as \J\Xequate\x)\j\c
<hw>equator</hw> \K/I"kweIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IGeog\i an imaginary line around the earth or other body, equidistant from the poles.\p\B2\b \IAstron.\i = \J\Xcelestial equator\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iequateur\i or medieval Latin \Iaequator\i (as \J\Xequation\x)\j\c
<hw>equatorial</hw> \K/Ekw\F'\n"tO:rI\F'\nl/\k \Iadj.\i of or near the equator. \Bequatorially\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>equatorial mount</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bequatorial mounting)\b \IAstron.\i a mount for an astronomical telescope that rotates about two perpendicular axes aligned with the celestial poles.\Knew f. OERD Jun 94\k
<hw>equatorial telescope</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAstron\i an astronomical telescope on an equatorial mount.
<hw>equerry</hw> \K/I"kwEri/, /"Ekw\F'\nri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b an officer of the British royal household attending members of the royal family.\p\B2\b \Ihist.\i an officer of a prince's or noble's household having charge over the horses. \BEtymology:\b \3earlier \Iesquiry\i via Old French \Iesquierie\i 'company of squires, prince's stables', from Old French \Iesquier\i \J\Xesquire\x:\j perhaps associated with Latin \Iequus\i 'horse'\c
<hw>equestrian</hw> \K/I"kwEstrI\F'\nn/, /E-/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IRiding\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of or relating to horses and horse-riding.\p\B2\b on horseback.\p\In.\i\p\I(fem.\i \Bequestrienne\b \K/-trI"En/\k) a rider or performer on horseback. \Bequestrianism\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iequestris\i from \Ieques\i 'horseman, knight', from \Iequus\i 'horse'\c
<hw>equiangular</hw> \K/i:kwI"aNgjUl\F'\n/, /E-/\k \Iadj.\i \IMath\i having equal angles.
<hw>equidistant</hw> \K/i:kwI"dIst(\F'\n)nt/, /E-/\k \Iadj.\i at equal distances. \Bequidistantly\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>equilateral</hw> \K/i:kwI"lat(\F'\n)r(\F'\n)l/, /E-/\k \Iadj.\i \IMath\i having all its sides equal in length.
<hw>equilibrate</hw> \K/i:kwI"lVIbreIt/, /I"kwIlI-/, /i:-/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i cause (two things) to balance.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i be in equilibrium; balance. \Bequilibration\b \K/-"breIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bequilibrator\b \K/I"kwIlIbreIt\F'\n/, /i:-/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Iaequilibrare aequilibrat-\i (as \J\Xequi-\x,\j \Ilibra\i 'balance')\c
<hw>equilibrist</hw> \K/I"kwIlIbrIst/, /i:-/; /i:kwI"lIb-/, /E-/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITheatr\i an acrobat, esp. on a high rope.
<hw>equilibrium</hw> \K/i:kwI"lIbrI\F'\nm/, /E-/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bequilibria\b \K/-rI\F'\n/\k or \Bequilibriums)\b\p\B1\b a state of physical balance.\p\B2\b \IPsychol\i a state of mental or emotional equanimity.\p\B3\b \IPhysics Chem\i a state in which the energy in a system is evenly distributed and forces, influences, etc., balance each other. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin (as \J\Xequi-\x,\j \Ilibra\i 'balance')\c
<hw>equine</hw> \K/"i:kwVIn/, /"Ek-/\k \Iadj.\i \IZool\i of or like a horse. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iequinus\i from \Iequus\i 'horse'\c
<hw>equinoctial</hw> \K/i:kwI"nQkS(\F'\n)l/, /E-/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IAstron Horol\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b happening at or near the time of an equinox \3(equinoctial gales).\c\p\B2\b of or relating to equal day and night.\p\B3\b at or near the (terrestrial) equator.\p\In.\i\p(in full \Bequinoctial line)\b = \J\Xcelestial equator\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iequinoctial\i or Latin \Iaequinoctialis\i (as \J\Xequinox\x)\j\c
<hw>equinoctial point</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAstron Horol\i the point at which the ecliptic cuts the celestial equator (twice each year at an equinox).
<hw>equinoctial year</hw> \Isee\i \J\Xyear\x 1.\j
<hw>equinox</hw> \K/"i:kwInQks/, /E-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAstron Horol\i\p\B1\b the time or date (twice each year) at which the sun crosses the celestial equator, when day and night are of equal length (about 22 Sept. and 20 Mar.).\p\B2\b = \J\Xequinoctial point\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iequinoxe\i or medieval Latin \Iequinoxium\i for Latin \Iaequinoctium\i (as \J\Xequi-\x,\j \Inox noctis\i 'night')\c
<hw>equip</hw> \K/I"kwIp/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(equipped,\b \Bequipping)\b supply with what is needed. \Bequipper\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \IΘquiper,\i probably from Old Norse \Iskipa\i 'to man (a ship)', from \Iskip\i \J\Xship\x\j\c
<hw>equipage</hw> \K/"EkwIpIdZ/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b requisites for an undertaking. \Bb\b an outfit for a special purpose.\p\B2\b \ITransport\i a carriage and horses with attendants. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IΘquipage\i (as \J\Xequip\x)\j\c
<hw>equipment</hw> \K/I"kwIpm(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the necessary articles, clothing, etc., for a purpose.\p\B2\b the process of equipping or being equipped. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IΘquipement\i (as \J\Xequip\x)\j\c
<hw>equipoise</hw> \K/"EkwIpOIz/, /i:-/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b equilibrium; a balanced state.\p\B2\b a counterbalancing thing. \Iv.tr.\i counterbalance.
<hw>equipollent</hw> \K/i:kwI"pQl(\F'\n)nt/, /E-/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b equal in power, force, etc.\p\B2\b practically equivalent.\p\In.\i\pan equipollent thing. \Bequipollence\b\p\In.\i\p\Bequipollency\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iequipolent\i from Latin \Iaequipollens -entis\i 'of equal value' (as \J\Xequi-\x,\j \Ipollere\i 'be strong')\c
<hw>equipotential</hw> \K/%i:kwIp\F'\n"tEnS(\F'\n)l/, /%E-/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IPhysics\i \Iadj.\i (of a surface or line) having the potential of a force the same or constant at all its points.\p\In.\i\pan equipotential line or surface.
<hw>equisetum</hw> \K/EkwI"si:t\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bequiseta\b \K/-t\F'\n/\k, \B-tums)\b \IBot\i a horsetail (plant).\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Jan 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin, from Latin \Iequus\i 'horse' + \Isaeta\i 'bristle'\c
<hw>equitable</hw> \K/"EkwIt\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b fair, just.\p\B2\b \ILaw\i valid in equity as distinct from law. \Bequitableness\b\p\In.\i\p\Bequitably\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \IΘquitable\i (as \J\Xequity\x)\j\c
<hw>equitation</hw> \K/EkwI"teIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRiding\i the art and practice of horsemanship and horse-riding. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IΘquitation\i or Latin \Iequitatio,\i from \Iequitare\i 'ride a horse' via \Ieques equitis\i 'horseman' from \Iequus\i 'horse'\c
<hw>equity</hw> \K/"EkwIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b fairness.\p\B2\b \ILaw\i the application of general principles of justice to correct or supplement the law.\p\B3\b \ICommerce\i \Ba\b the value of the shares issued by a company. \Bb\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i stocks and shares not bearing fixed interest.\p\B4\b \ICommerce\i the net value of a mortgaged property after the deduction of charges.\p\B5\b \B(Equity)\b \IPolit Theatr\i the actors' trade union. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \IequitΘ\i from Latin \Iaequitas -tatis,\i from \Iaequus\i 'fair'\c
<hw>equivalent</hw> \K/I"kwIv(\F'\n)l(\F'\n)nt/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i equal in value, amount, importance, etc.\p\B2\b corresponding.\p\B3\b \ILinguistics\i (of words) having the same meaning.\p\B4\b having the same result.\p\B5\b \IChem.\i (of a substance) equal in combining or displacing capacity.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an equivalent thing, amount, word, etc.\p\B2\b (in full \Bequivalent weight)\b \IChem.\i the weight of a substance that can combine with or displace one gram of hydrogen or eight grams of oxygen. \Bequivalence\b\p\In.\i\p\Bequivalency\b\p\In.\i\p\Bequivalently\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Late Latin \Iaequivalere\i (as \J\Xequi-\x,\j \Ivalere\i 'be worth')\c
<hw>equivocal</hw> \K/I"kwIv\F'\nk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \ILanguage\i of double or doubtful meaning; ambiguous.\p\B2\b of uncertain nature.\p\B3\b (of a person, character, etc.) questionable, suspect. \Bequivocality\b \K/-"kalIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bequivocally\b \Iadv.\i \Bequivocalness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Iaequivocus\i (as \J\Xequi-\x,\j \Ivocare\i 'call')\c
<hw>equivocate</hw> \K/I"kwIv\F'\nkeIt/\k \Iv.intr.\i use ambiguity to conceal the truth. \Bequivocation\b \K/-"keIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bequivocator\b\p\In.\i\p\Bequivocatory\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Late Latin \Iaequivocare\i (as \J\Xequivocal\x)\j\c
<hw>equivoque</hw> \K/"i:kwIv\F'\nUk/, /"E-/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bequivoke)\b \ILanguage\i\p\B1\b a pun; wordplay.\p\B2\b ambiguity.\Ksenses split into 1 and 2 after NSOED etc. Jun 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, in the sense 'equivocal', from Old French \Iequivoque\i or Late Latin \Iaequivocus\i \J\Xequivocal\x\j\c
<hw>Er</hw> \Isymb.\i \IChem.\i the element erbium.
<hw>er</hw> \K/\F'\n:/, /\F'\n/\k \Iint.\i expressing hesitation or a pause in speech. \BEtymology:\b \3imitative\c
<hw>-er (1)</hw> \K/\F'\n/\k \Isuffix\i forming nouns from nouns, adjectives, and many verbs, denoting:\p\B1\b a person, animal, or thing that performs a specified action or activity \3(cobbler;\c \2lover;\c \2executioner;\c \2poker;\c \2computer;\c \2eye-opener).\c\p\B2\b a person or thing that has a specified attribute or form \3(foreigner;\c \2four-wheeler;\c \2second-rater).\c\p\B3\b a person concerned with a specified thing or subject \3(hatter;\c \2geographer).\c\p\B4\b a person belonging to a specified place or group \3(villager;\c \2New Zealander;\c \2sixth-former).\c \BEtymology:\b \3originally 'a person who has to do with': Old English \I-ere,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>-er (2)</hw> \K/\F'\n/\k \Isuffix\i forming the comparative of adjectives \3(wider;\c \2hotter)\c and adverbs \3(faster).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \I-ra\i \I(adj.),\i \I-or\i \I(adv.),\i from Germanic\c
<hw>-er (3)</hw> \K/\F'\n/\k \Isuffix\i used in slang formations usu. distorting the root word \3(rugger;\c \2soccer).\c \BEtymology:\b \3probably an extension of \J\X-er\x (1)\j\c
<hw>-er (4)</hw> \K/\F'\n/\k \Isuffix\i forming frequentative verbs \3(blunder;\c \2glimmer;\c \2twitter).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \I-erian,\i \I-rian,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>-er (5)</hw> \K/\F'\n/\k \Isuffix\i\p\B1\b forming nouns and adjectives through Old French or Anglo-French, corresponding to: \Ba\b Latin \I-aris\i \3(sampler)\c \I(cf.\i \J\X-ar\x (1)).\j \Bb\b Latin \I-arius,\i \I-arium\i \3(butler;\c \2carpenter;\c \2danger).\c \Bc\b (through Old French \I-eⁿre)\i Latin \I-atura\i or (through Old French \I-e÷r)\i Latin \I-atorium\i (see \J\Xcounter\x (1),\j \J\Xfritter\x (2)).\j\p\B2\b = \J\X-or\x (1).\j
<hw>-er (6)</hw> \K/\F'\n/\k \Isuffix\i \Iesp. Law\i forming nouns denoting verbal action or a document effecting this \3(cesser;\c \2disclaimer;\c \2misnomer).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Anglo-French infinitive ending of verbs\c
<hw>era</hw> \K/"I\F'\nr\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IHorol\i\p\B1\b a system of chronology reckoning from a noteworthy event \3(the Christian era).\c\p\B2\b a large distinct period of time, esp. regarded historically \3(the pre-Roman era).\c\p\B3\b a date at which an era begins.\p\B4\b \IGeol.\i a major division of time. \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Iaera\i 'number expressed in figures' (pl. of \Iaes aeris\i 'money', treated as fem. sing.)\c
<hw>eradicate</hw> \K/I"radIkeIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i root out; destroy completely; get rid of. \Beradicable\b \Iadj.\i \Beradication\b \K/-"keIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Beradicator\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Ieradicare\i 'tear up by the roots' (as \J\Xe-\x,\j \Iradix -icis\i 'root')\c
<hw>erase</hw> \K/I"reIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b rub out; obliterate.\p\B2\b remove all traces of \3(erased it from my memory).\c\p\B3\b remove recorded material from (a magnetic tape or medium). \Berasable\b \Iadj.\i \Berasure\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ieradere eras-\i (as \J\Xe-\x,\j \Iradere\i 'scrape')\c
<hw>eraser</hw> \K/I"reIz\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pa thing that erases, esp. a piece of rubber or plastic used for removing pencil and ink marks.
<hw>Erastian</hw> \K/I"rastI\F'\nn/\k \In. & adj.\i \ITheol\i\p\In.\i\pa person who supports the doctrine that the state should have supremacy over the Church in ecclesiastical matters. \Iadj.\i of or relating to this doctrine. \BErastianism\b\p\In.\i\p\Knew f. SOED, OERD Jun 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3\IErastus,\i Swiss physician and theologian (d. 1583), to whom the doctrine was wrongly attributed, + \J\X-ian\x\j\c
<hw>erbium</hw> \K/"\F'\n:bI\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i a soft silvery metallic element of the lanthanide series, occurring naturally in apatite and xenotine (symbol \BEr).\b\Ksymb\k \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin, from \IYtterby\i in Sweden, where it was first found\c
<hw>ere</hw> \K/E:/\k \Iprep. & conj.\i \Ipoet.\i or \Iarchaic\i before (of time) \3(ere noon;\c \2ere they come).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iµr,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>erect</hw> \K/I"rEkt/\k \Iadj. & v.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b upright, vertical.\p\B2\b \IPhysiol\i (of the penis, clitoris, or nipples) enlarged and rigid, esp. in sexual excitement.\p\B3\b (of hair) bristling, standing up from the skin. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b raise; set upright.\p\B2\b build.\p\B3\b establish \3(erect a theory).\c \Berectable\b \Iadj.\i \Berectly\b \Iadv.\i \Berectness\b\p\In.\i\p\Berector\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Ierigere erect-\i 'set up' (as \J\Xe-\x,\j \Iregere\i 'direct')\c
<hw>erectile</hw> \K/I"rEktVIl/\k \Iadj.\i that can be erected or become erect. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IΘrectile\i (as \J\Xerect\x)\j\c
<hw>erection</hw> \K/I"rEkS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or an instance of erecting; the state of being erected.\p\B2\b a building or structure.\p\B3\b \Ba\b \IPhysiol.\i \ISex\i an enlarged and erect state of erectile tissue, esp. of the penis. \Bb\b an occurrence of this.\Ksense 3b new f. OERD JUn 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3French \IΘrection\i or Latin \Ierectio\i (as \J\Xerectile\x)\j\c
<hw>E-region</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\XE-layer\x.\j
<hw>eremite</hw> \K/"ErImVIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IEccl\i a hermit or recluse (esp. Christian). \Beremitic\b \K/-"mItIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Beremitical\b \K/-"mItIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\Keremitism omitted on lack of evidence Jun 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French, variant of \Ihermite,\i \Iermite\i \J\Xhermit\x\j\c
<hw>erethism</hw> \K/"ErITIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i\p\B1\b an excessive sensitivity to stimulation of any part of the body, esp. the sexual organs.\p\B2\b a state of abnormal mental excitement or irritation. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IΘrΘthisme\i from Greek \Ierethismos,\i from \Ierethizo\i 'irritate'\c
<hw>erg (1)</hw> \K/\F'\n:g/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i \ISci\i a unit of work or energy, equal to the work done by a force of one dyne when its point of application moves one centimetre in the direction of action of the force. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iergon\i 'work'\c
<hw>erg (2)</hw> \K/\F'\n:g/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bergs\b or \Bareg\b \K/"A:rEg/\k) \IGeog\i an area of shifting sand dunes in the Sahara. \BEtymology:\b \3French from Arabic '\Iirj\i\c
<hw>ergative</hw> \K/"\F'\n:g\F'\ntIv/\k \In. & adj.\i \IGram.\i\p\In.\i\p(in some languages) a case of nouns that identifies the doer of an action as the object rather than the subject of a verb. \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of or in this case.\p\B2\b denoting a language in which the object of a verb is typically the doer of an action and the subject is typically the recipient of the action.\Knew f. OERD Sep 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iergates\i 'worker' + \J\X-ive\x\j\c
<hw>ergonomics</hw> \K/\F'\n:g\F'\n"nQmIks/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISociol\i the study of the efficiency of persons in their working environment. \Bergonomic\b \Iadj.\i \Bergonomist\b \K/\F'\n:"gQn\F'\nmIst/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iergon\i 'work': cf. \J\Xeconomics\x\j\c
<hw>ergosterol</hw> \K/\F'\n:"gQst\F'\nrQl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiochem.\i a plant sterol that is converted to vitamin D2 when irradiated with ultraviolet light. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xergot\x,\j on the pattern of \J\Xcholesterol\x\j\c
<hw>ergot</hw> \K/"\F'\n:gQt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBot\i a disease of rye and other cereals caused by the fungus Claviceps purpurea, the presence of which can cause food poisoning.\p\B2\b \Ba\b \IBot\i this fungus. \Bb\b \IPharm\i the dried spore-containing structures of this, used as a source of medicine to aid childbirth.\p\B3\b \IZool\i a small horny protuberance on the back of a horse's fetlock.\Ksense 3 new f. NSOED, OERD Jun 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3French from Old French \Iargot\i 'cock's spur', from the appearance produced by the disease\c
<hw>ergotism</hw> \K/"\F'\n:g\F'\ntIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i poisoning produced by eating food affected by ergot.
<hw>erica</hw> \K/"ErIk\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i any shrub of the genus \IErica,\i with small leathery leaves and bell-like flowers; a heath or heather. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin from Greek \Iereike\i 'heath'\c
<hw>ericaceous</hw> \K/ErI"keIS\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IBot\i of or relating to the plant family Ericaceae, which includes heathers, azaleas, and rhododendrons.\p\B2\b \IHort\i (of compost) suitable for ericaceous and other lime-hating plants.\Knew as hwd; sense 2 new f. Incomings May 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \IEricaceae\i from \J\Xerica\x\j\c
<hw>erigeron</hw> \K/I"rIdZ\F'\nrQn/, /E-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i any hardy herbaceous plant of the genus \IErigeron\i (daisy family), with daisy-like flowers. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ierigeron,\i from \Ieri\i 'early' + \Igeron\i 'old man', because it flowers early in the year and some species bear grey down\c
<hw>Erinys</hw> \K/E"rInIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \BErinyes\b \K/E"rInIi:z/\k) \IMythol.\i a Fury. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek\c
<hw>eristic</hw> \K/E"rIstIk/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IPhilos\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of or characterized by disputation.\p\B2\b (of an argument or arguer) aiming at winning rather than at reaching the truth.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the practice of disputation.\p\B2\b an exponent of disputation. \Beristically\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ieristikos\i via \Ierizo\i 'wrangle' from \Ieris\i 'strife'\c
<hw>Eritrean</hw> \K/ErI"treI\F'\nn/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i \IGeog\i of or relating to Eritrea in NE Africa.\p\In.\i\pa native or inhabitant of Eritrea.\Knew f. SOED Oct 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Italian \IEritrea,\i from Latin \IMare Erythraeum\i 'the Red Sea'\c
<hw>erk</hw> \K/\F'\n:k/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \Islang\i\p\B1\b \INaut\i a naval rating.\p\B2\b \Iarchaic\i \IAeron\i an aircraftman.\p\B3\b a disliked person. \BEtymology:\b \320th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>erl-king</hw> \K/"\F'\n:lkIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMythol\i (in Germanic mythology) a bearded giant or goblin who lures little children to the land of death. \BEtymology:\b \3German \IErlk÷nig\i 'alder-king', a mistranslation of Danish \Iellerkonge\i 'king of the elves'\c
<hw>ermine</hw> \K/"\F'\n:mIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i same or \Bermines)\b\p\B1\b \IZool\i the stoat, esp. when in its white winter fur.\p\B2\b its white fur, used as trimming for the robes of judges, peers, etc.\p\B3\b \IHeraldry\i a white fur marked with black spots. \Bermined\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \I(h)ermine,\i probably from medieval Latin \I(mus)\i \IArmenius\i 'Armenian (mouse)'\c
<hw>-ern</hw> \K/\F'\nn/\k \Isuffix\i forming adjectives \3(northern).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \I-erne,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>erne</hw> \K/\F'\n:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Bern)\b \IZool\i \Ipoet.\i a sea eagle. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iearn,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>Ernie</hw> \K/"\F'\n:ni/\k\p\In.\i\p(in the UK) a device for drawing prizewinning numbers of Premium Bonds. \BEtymology:\b \3acronym from \Ie\ilectronic \Ir\iandom \In\iumber \Ii\indicator \Ie\iquipment\c
<hw>erode</hw> \K/I"r\F'\nUd/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr. & intr.\i wear away, destroy or be destroyed gradually.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \IMed.\i (of ulcers etc.) destroy (tissue) little by little. \Berodible\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \IΘroder\i or Latin \Ierodere eros-\i (as \J\Xe-\x,\j \Irodere ros-\i 'gnaw')\c
<hw>erogenous</hw> \K/I"rQdZIn\F'\ns/, /E-/\k \Iadj.\i \IPhysiol Sex\i\p\B1\b (esp. of a part of the body) sensitive to sexual stimulation.\p\B2\b giving rise to sexual desire or excitement. \BEtymology:\b \3as \J\Xerotic\x\j + \J\X-genous\x\j\c
<hw>erosion</hw> \K/I"r\F'\nUZ(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IGeol.\i the wearing away of the earth's surface by the action of water, wind, etc.\p\B2\b the act or an instance of eroding; the process of being eroded. \Berosional\b \Iadj.\i \Berosive\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \IΘrosion\i from Latin \Ierosio\i (as \J\Xerode\x)\j\c
<hw>erotic</hw> \K/I"rQtIk/\k \Iadj.\i \ISex\i of or causing sexual love, esp. tending to arouse sexual desire or excitement. \Berotically\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \IΘrotique\i from Greek \Ierotikos,\i from \Ieros erotos\i 'sexual love'\c
<hw>erotica</hw> \K/I"rQtIk\F'\n/\k \In.pl.\i \IArt Literature\i erotic literature or art.
<hw>eroticism</hw> \K/I"rQtIsIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISex\i\p\B1\b erotic nature or character.\p\B2\b the use of or response to erotic images or stimulation.
<hw>eroticize</hw> \K/I"rQtIsVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b \ISex\i make erotic; stimulate sexually.\Knew f. SEOD, corpus Oct 93\k
<hw>erotism</hw> \K/"Er\F'\ntIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISex\i sexual desire or excitement; eroticism.
<hw>erotology</hw> \K/Er\F'\n"tQl\F'\ndZi/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISex\i the study of sexual love.
<hw>erotomania</hw> \K/I%rQt\F'\n(U)"meInI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISex Psychol\i\p\B1\b excessive or abnormal erotic desire.\p\B2\b a preoccupation with sexual passion. \Berotomaniac\b \K/-nIak/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>err</hw> \K/\F'\n:/\k \Iv.intr.\i\p\B1\b be mistaken or incorrect.\p\B2\b do wrong; sin.\p\1err on the right side\c act so that the least harmful of possible errors is the most likely to occur.\p\1err on the side of\c act with a specified bias \3(errs on the side of generosity).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ierrer\i from Latin \Ierrare\i 'stray': related to Gothic \Iairzei\i 'error', \Iairzjan\i 'lead astray'\c
<hw>errand</hw> \K/"Er(\F'\n)nd/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a short journey, esp. on another's behalf, to take a message, collect goods, etc.\p\B2\b the object of such a journey. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iµrende,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>errand of mercy</hw>\p\In.\i\pa journey or mission to relieve suffering etc.
<hw>errant</hw> \K/"Er(\F'\n)nt/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b erring; deviating from an accepted standard.\p\B2\b \Iliterary\i or \Iarchaic\i travelling in search of adventure \3(knight errant).\c \Berrancy\b\p\In.\i\p(in sense 1). \Berrantry\b\p\In.\i\p(in sense 2). \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English: sense 1 formed as \J\Xerr\x:\j sense 2 from Old French \Ierrer,\i ultimately via Late Latin \Iitinerare\i from \Iiter\i 'journey'\c
<hw>erratic</hw> \K/I"ratIk/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b inconsistently variable in conduct, opinions, etc., unpredictable, eccentric.\p\B2\b uncertain in movement.\p\In.\i\p\IGeol\i = \J\Xerratic block\x.\j\Kn. new f. corpus, SOED Oct 93\k \Berratically\b \Iadv.\i \Berraticism\b\p\In.\i\p\K-ism new f. SOED, corpus Oct 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ierratique\i from Latin \Ierraticus\i (as \J\Xerr\x)\j\c
<hw>erratic block</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IGeol.\i a large rock carried from a distance by glacial action.
<hw>erratum</hw> \K/E"rA:t\F'\nm/, /-reIt-/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Berrata\b \K/-t\F'\n/\k) \IPrinting Bibliog\i an error in printing or writing, esp. \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i a list of corrected errors attached to a book etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, neut. past part. of \Ierrare\i (as \J\Xerr\x),\j used as a noun\c
<hw>erroneous</hw> \K/I"r\F'\nUnI\F'\ns/, /E-/\k \Iadj.\i incorrect; arising from error. \Berroneously\b \Iadv.\i \Berroneousness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ierroneus\i or Latin \Ierroneus,\i from \Ierro -onis\i 'vagabond' (as \J\Xerr\x)\j\c
<hw>error</hw> \K/"Er\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a mistake.\p\B2\b the condition of being wrong in conduct or judgement \3(led into error).\c\p\B3\b a wrong opinion or judgement.\p\B4\b the amount by which something is incorrect or inaccurate in a calculation or measurement. \Berrorless\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ierrour\i from Latin \Ierror -oris\i (as \J\Xerr\x)\j\c
<hw>Erse</hw> \K/\F'\n:s/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iarchaic\i or \Iderog.\i \Iadj.\i of or relating to Highland or esp. Irish Gaelic.\p\In.\i\p\ILanguage\i the Gaelic language, esp. Irish Gaelic. \BEtymology:\b \3early Scots form of \J\XIrish\x\j\c
<hw>erst</hw> \K/\F'\n:st/\k \Iadv.\i \Iarchaic\i formerly; of old. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iµrest,\i superlative of \Iµr:\i see \J\Xere\x\j\c
<hw>eructation</hw> \K/i:rVk"teIS(\F'\n)n/, /I-/\k\p\In.\i\pthe act or an instance of belching. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ieructatio\i from \Ieructare\i (as \J\Xe-\x,\j \Iructare\i 'belch')\c
<hw>erudite</hw> \K/"ErUdVIt/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b (of a person) learned.\p\B2\b (of writing etc.) showing great learning. \Beruditely\b \Iadv.\i \Berudition\b \K/-"dIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Ieruditus,\i past part. of \Ierudire\i 'instruct, train' (as \J\Xe-\x,\j \Irudis\i 'untrained')\c
<hw>erupt</hw> \K/I"rVpt/\k \Iv.intr.\i\p\B1\b break out suddenly or dramatically.\p\B2\b \IMeteorol Geol\i (of a volcano) become active and eject lava etc.\p\B3\b \IMed\i \Ba\b (of a rash, boil, etc.) appear on the skin. \Bb\b (of the skin) produce a rash etc.\p\B4\b \IDentistry\i (of the teeth) break through the gums in normal development. \Beruption\b\p\In.\i\p\Beruptive\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ierumpere erupt-\i (as \J\Xe-\x,\j \Irumpere\i 'break')\c
<hw>-ery</hw> \K/\F'\nri/\k \Isuffix\i (also \B-ry\b \K/-ri/\k) forming nouns denoting:\p\B1\b a class or kind \3(greenery;\c \2machinery;\c \2citizenry).\c\p\B2\b an occupation or employment; a state, condition, or behaviour \3(archery;\c \2slavery;\c \2bravery).\c\p\B3\b a place set aside for an activity or characterized by a gathering together of things, animals, etc. \3(brewery;\c \2orangery).\c\p\B4\b \Ioften derog.\i all that has to do with \3(knavery;\c \2popery;\c \2tomfoolery).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, from or suggested by French \I-erie,\i \I-ere,\i ultimately from Latin \I-ario-,\i \I-ator\i\c
<hw>erysipelas</hw> \K/ErI"sIpIl\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed.\i a streptococcal infection producing inflammation and a deep red colour on the skin, esp. of the face and scalp. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Latin from Greek \Ierusipelas,\i perhaps related to \Ieruthros\i 'red' + a root \Ipel-\i 'skin'\c
<hw>erythema</hw> \K/ErI"Ti:m\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a superficial reddening of the skin, usu. in patches. \Berythemal\b \Iadj.\i \Berythematic\b \K/%ErITI"matIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from Greek \Ieruthema,\i via \Ieruthaino\i 'be red' from \Ieruthros\i 'red'\c
<hw>erythrism</hw> \K/"ErITrIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiol\i abnormal red coloration esp. in a bird or animal.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. jan 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xerythro-\x\j + \J\X-ism\x\j\c
<hw>erythroblast</hw> \K/I"rITr\F'\n(U)blast/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysiol\i an immature erythrocyte. \BEtymology:\b \3German\c
<hw>erythrocyte</hw> \K/I"rITr\F'\nsVIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysiol\i a red blood cell, which contains the pigment haemoglobin and transports oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from the tissues. \Berythrocytic\b \K/-"sItIk/\k \Iadj.\i
<hw>erythroid</hw> \K/"ErITrOId/\k \Iadj.\i \IPhysiol\i of or relating to erythrocytes.
<hw>Es</hw> \Isymb.\i \IChem.\i the element einsteinium.
<hw>-es (1)</hw> \K/Iz/, /z/\k \Isuffix\i forming plurals of nouns ending in sibilant sounds (such words in \I-e\i dropping the \Ie)\i \3(kisses;\c \2cases;\c \2boxes;\c \2churches)\c and of a few ending in \I-o\i \3(potatoes;\c \2heroes).\c \BEtymology:\b \3variant of \J\X-s\x (1)\j\c
<hw>-es (2)</hw> \K/Iz/, /z/\k \Isuffix\i forming the 3rd person sing. present of verbs ending in sibilant sounds (such words in \I-e\i dropping the \Ie)\i and ending in \I-o\i (but not \I-oo)\i \3(goes;\c \2places;\c \2pushes).\c \BEtymology:\b \3variant of \J\X-s\x (2)\j\c
<hw>ESA</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IAeron\i European Space Agency.
<hw>escadrille</hw> \K/Esk\F'\n"drIl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAeron\i a French squadron of aeroplanes. \BEtymology:\b \3French\c
<hw>escalade</hw> \K/Esk\F'\n"leId/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i the scaling of fortified walls with ladders, as a military attack. \BEtymology:\b \3French via Spanish \Iescalada,\i \I-ado\i from medieval Latin \Iscalare,\i from \Iscala\i 'ladder'\c
<hw>escalate</hw> \K/"Esk\F'\nleIt/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr. & tr.\i increase or develop (usu. rapidly) by stages.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i cause (an action, activity, or process) to become more intense. \Bescalation\b \K/-"leIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3back-formation from \J\Xescalator\x\j\c
<hw>escalator</hw> \K/"Esk\F'\nleIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pa moving staircase consisting of a circulating belt forming steps. \BEtymology:\b \3from the stem of \Iescalade\i 'climb a wall by ladder' + \J\X-ator\x\j\c
<hw>escallonia</hw> \K/Esk\F'\n"l\F'\nUnI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i an evergreen shrub of the S. American genus \IEscallonia,\i bearing pink or white flowers. \BEtymology:\b \3named after \IEscallon,\i 18th-c. Spanish traveller\c
<hw>escallop</hw> \K/I"skal\F'\np/, /E-/, /-"skQl-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool\i = \J\Xscallop\x\p\In.\i\p1, 2.\j\p\B2\b \IFood\i = \J\Xescalope\x.\j\p\B3\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i = \J\Xscallop\x\p\In.\i\p3.\j\p\B4\b \IHeraldry\i a scallop shell as a device. \BEtymology:\b \3formed as \J\Xescalope\x\j\c
<hw>escalope</hw> \K/I"skal\F'\np/, /E-/, /-"skQl-/, /"Esk\F'\nl\F'\nUp/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFood\i a thin slice of meat without any bone, esp. from a leg of veal. \BEtymology:\b \3French (in Old French = shell): see \J\Xscallop\x\j\c
<hw>escapade</hw> \K/"Esk\F'\npeId/, /Esk\F'\n"peId/\k\p\In.\i\pa piece of daring or reckless behaviour. \BEtymology:\b \3French from Provenτal or Spanish \Iescapada\i (as \J\Xescape\x)\j\c
<hw>escape</hw> \K/I"skeIp/, /E-/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bfrom)\b\i get free of the restriction or control of a place, person, etc.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i (of a gas, liquid, etc.) leak from a container or pipe etc.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i succeed in avoiding danger, punishment, etc.; get off safely.\p\B4\b \Itr.\i get completely free of (a person, grasp, etc.).\p\B5\b \Itr.\i avoid or elude (a commitment, danger, etc.).\p\B6\b \Itr.\i elude the notice or memory of \3(nothing escapes you;\c \2the name escaped me).\c\p\B7\b \Itr.\i (of words etc.) issue unawares from (a person, a person's lips).\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or an instance of escaping; avoidance of danger, injury, etc.\p\B2\b the state of having escaped \3(was a narrow escape).\c\p\B3\b a means of escaping \I(often \Battrib.:\b\i \2escape hatch).\c\p\B4\b a leakage of gas etc.\p\B5\b a temporary relief from reality or worry.\p\B6\b \IBot\i a garden plant running wild.\p\B7\b (in full \Bescape key)\b \IComputing\i a key which either ends the current operation, or converts subsequent characters to a control sequence \3(escape routine;\c \2escape sequence).\c\Ksense 7 new f. NSOED, Coll. Jan 94\k \Bescapable\b \Iadj.\i \Bescaper\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Anglo-French, Old Northern French \Iescaper,\i ultimately from medieval Latin (as \J\Xex-\x (1),\j \Icappa\i 'cloak')\c
<hw>escape clause</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i a clause specifying the conditions under which a contracting party is free from an obligation.
<hw>escapee</hw> \K/EskeI"pi:/, /I"skeIpi:/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICriminol\i a person, esp. a prisoner, who has escaped.
<hw>escapement</hw> \K/I"skeIpm(\F'\n)nt/, /E-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IHorol\i the part of a clock or watch that connects and regulates the motive power.\p\B2\b \IMus\i the part of the mechanism in a piano that enables the hammer to fall back as soon as it has struck the string.\p\B3\b the mechanism in a typewriter that controls the leftward motion of the carriage.\Ksense 3 (typewriter) new f. NEWS Oct 93\k\p\B4\b \Iarchaic\i a means of escape. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IΘchappement\i from \IΘchapper\i \J\Xescape\x\j\c
<hw>escape road</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Besp. Brit.\b \ITransport\i a road for a vehicle to turn into if unable to negotiate a bend, descent, etc., safely (esp. on a racetrack).
<hw>escape velocity</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i the minimum velocity needed to escape from the gravitational field of a body.
<hw>escape wheel</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IHorol\i a toothed wheel in the escapement of a watch or clock.
<hw>escapism</hw> \K/I"skeIpIz(\F'\n)m/, /E-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPsychol\i the tendency to seek distraction and relief from reality, esp. in the arts or through fantasy. \Bescapist\b \In. & adj.\i
<hw>escapology</hw> \K/Esk\F'\n"pQl\F'\ndZi/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITheatr\i the methods and techniques of escaping from confinement, esp. as a form of entertainment. \Bescapologist\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>escargot</hw> \K/E"skA:g\F'\nU/, /I-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFood\i an edible snail. \BEtymology:\b \3French\c
<hw>escarpment</hw> \K/I"skA:pm(\F'\n)nt/, /E-/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bescarp)\b \IGeol.\i a long steep slope at the edge of a plateau etc. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iescarpement\i from \Iescarpe\i \J\Xscarp\x\j\c
<hw>-esce</hw> \K/Es/\k \Isuffix\i forming verbs, usu. initiating action \3(effervesce;\c \2fluoresce).\c \BEtymology:\b \3from or suggested by Latin \I-escere\i\c
<hw>-escent</hw> \K/"Es(\F'\n)nt/\k \Isuffix\i forming adjectives denoting the beginning of a state or action \3(effervescent;\c \2fluorescent).\c \B-escence\b \Isuffix\i forming nouns. \BEtymology:\b \3from or suggested by French \I-escent\i or Latin \I-escent-,\i pres. part. stem of verbs ending in \I-escere\i\c
<hw>eschatology</hw> \K/Esk\F'\n"tQl\F'\ndZi/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITheol\i\p\B1\b the part of theology concerned with death and final destiny.\p\B2\b a belief or beliefs about the destiny of mankind and the world.\Ksense 2 new f. OERD, incomings Jun 94\k \Beschatological\b \K/-t\F'\n"lQdZIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Beschatologist\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ieskhatos\i 'last' + \J\X-logy\x\j\c
<hw>escheat</hw> \K/Is"tSi:t/, /E-/\k \In. & v.\i \ILaw\i \BN. Amer.\b\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the reversion of property to the state, or (in feudal law) to a lord, on the owner's dying without legal heirs.\p\B2\b property affected by this.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i hand over (property) as an escheat.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i confiscate.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i revert by escheat. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ieschete,\i ultimately from Latin \Iexcidere\i (as \J\Xex-\x (1),\j \Icadere\i 'fall')\c
<hw>eschew</hw> \K/Is"tSu:/, /E-/\k \Iv.tr.\i \Iliterary\i avoid; abstain from. \Beschewal\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ieschiver,\i ultimately from Germanic: related to \J\Xshy\x (1)\j\c
<hw>eschscholtzia</hw> \K/I"SQltsI\F'\n/, /Is"kQlS\F'\n/, /E-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a yellow- or orange-flowered plant of the genus \IEschscholtzia,\i esp. the Californian poppy. \BEtymology:\b \3named after J. F. von \IEschscholtz,\i German botanist d. 1831\c
<hw>escort</hw> \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\K/"EskO:t/\k\p\B1\b one or more persons, vehicles, ships, etc., accompanying a person, vehicle, etc., esp. for protection or security or as a mark of rank or status.\p\B2\b a person accompanying a person of the opposite sex socially. \Iv.tr.\i \K/I"skO:t/, /E-/\k act as an escort to. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iescorte,\i \Iescorter\i from Italian \Iscorta,\i fem. past part. of \Iscorgere\i 'conduct'\c
<hw>escritoire</hw> \K/Eskri:"twA:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFurniture\i a writing desk with drawers etc. \BEtymology:\b \3French from Latin \Iscriptorium\i 'writing-room': see \J\Xscriptorium\x\j\c
<hw>escrow</hw> \K/I"skr\F'\nU/, /E-/\k \In. & v.\i \ILaw\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b money, property, or a written bond, kept in the custody of a third party until a specified condition has been fulfilled.\p\B2\b the status of this \3(in escrow).\c \Iv.tr.\i place in escrow. \BEtymology:\b \3Anglo-French \Iescrowe,\i Old French \Iescroe\i 'scrap, scroll', via medieval Latin \Iscroda\i from Germanic\c
<hw>escudo</hw> \K/E"sku:d\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b \ICurrency\i the chief monetary unit of Portugal and Cape Verde. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish & Portuguese, from Latin \Iscutum\i 'shield'\c
<hw>esculent</hw> \K/"EskjUl\F'\nnt/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i fit to eat; edible.\p\In.\i\pan edible substance. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iesculentus\i from \Iesca\i 'food'\c
<hw>escutcheon</hw> \K/I"skVtS(\F'\n)n/, /E-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IHeraldry\i a shield or emblem bearing a coat of arms.\p\B2\b \INaut\i the middle part of a ship's stern where the name is placed.\p\B3\b \IFurniture\i the protective plate around a keyhole or door handle.\p\1blot on the escutcheon of\c a stain on the character or name of.\Kdef. moved from blot entry Jun 94\k \Bescutcheoned\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Anglo-French & Old Northern French \Iescuchon,\i ultimately from Latin \Iscutum\i 'shield'\c
<hw>-ese</hw> \K/i:z/\k \Isuffix\i \ILanguage\i forming adjectives and nouns denoting:\p\B1\b \IPeople\i an inhabitant or language of a country or city \3(Japanese;\c \2Milanese;\c \2Viennese).\c\p\B2\b \Ioften derog.\i character or style, esp. of language \3(officialese).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Old French \I-eis,\i ultimately from Latin \I-ensis\i\c
<hw>esker</hw> \K/"Esk\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Beskar)\b \IGeol.\i a long ridge of post-glacial gravel in river valleys. \BEtymology:\b \3Irish \Ieiscir\i\c
<hw>Eskimo</hw> \K/"EskIm\F'\nU/\k \In. & adj.\i (also \BEsquimau)\b \Ioften offens.\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i same or \B-os\b or \BEsquimaux)\b\p\B1\b \IPeople\i a member of a people inhabiting northern Canada, Alaska, Greenland, and eastern Siberia.\p\B2\b \ILanguage\i any of the languages of this people. \Iadj.\i of or relating to the Eskimos or their language. \BEtymology:\b \3Danish from French \IEsquimaux\i (pl.), from Algonquian, literally 'eaters of raw flesh'\c In Canada and, increasingly, elsewhere the term \IInuit\i is used to refer to Canadian Eskimos and also to Eskimos generally. The term \IEskimo\i may offend some people.
<hw>Esky</hw> \K/"Eski/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \BAustral.\b \Ipropr.\i a portable insulated container for keeping food or drink cool. \BEtymology:\b \3probably from \J\XEskimo\x,\j with reference to their cold climate\c
<hw>ESL</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IEducation\i English as a second language.\KNew in COD9 from files, Collins Oct 93\k
<hw>esoteric</hw> \K/Es\F'\n"tErIk/, /i:s-/\k \Iadj.\i (of a doctrine, mode of speech, etc.) intended only for, or intelligible only to, the initiated.\K1 + 2 combined Sep 94\k \Besoterically\b \Iadv.\i \Besotericism\b \K/-sIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\Besotericist\b \K/-sIst/\k\p\In.\i\p\Kesoterical omitted Oct 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iesoterikos\i from \Iesotero,\i comparative of \Ieso\i 'within': cf. \J\Xexoteric\x\j\c
<hw>esp.</hw> \Iabbr.\i especially.\Knew f. corpus Oct 93\k
<hw>espadrille</hw> \K/Esp\F'\n"drIl/, /"Esp\F'\ndrIl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IClothing\i a light canvas shoe with a plaited fibre sole. \BEtymology:\b \3French from Provenτal \Iespardillo,\i from \Iespart\i \J\Xesparto\x\j\c
<hw>espalier</hw> \K/I"spalj\F'\n/, /E-/\k \In. & v.\i \IHort\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a lattice or frame along which the branches of a tree or shrub are trained to grow flat against a wall etc.\p\B2\b a tree or shrub trained in this way. \Iv.tr.\i train in this way.\Kverb new f. F. Abate, NSOED Nov 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3French from Italian \Ispalliera,\i from \Ispalla\i 'shoulder'\c
<hw>esparto</hw> \K/E"spA:t\F'\nU/, /I-/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b (in full \Besparto grass)\b \IBot\i a coarse grass, Stipa tenacissima, native to Spain and N. Africa, with tough narrow leaves, used to make ropes, wickerwork, and good-quality paper. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish via Latin \Ispartum\i from Greek \Isparton\i 'rope'\c
<hw>especial</hw> \K/I"spES(\F'\n)l/, /E-/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b notable, exceptional.\p\B2\b attributed or belonging chiefly to one person or thing \3(your especial charm).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Ispecialis\i 'special'\c
<hw>especially</hw> \K/I"spES(\F'\n)li/, /E-/\k \Iadv.\i chiefly; much more than in other cases.
<hw>Esperanto</hw> \K/Esp\F'\n"rant\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILanguage\i an artificial universal language devised in 1887, based on roots from the chief European languages. \BEsperantist\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3the pen-name (from Latin \Isperare\i 'hope') of its inventor, L. L. Zamenhof, Polish physician d. 1917\c
<hw>espial</hw> \K/I"spVI(\F'\n)l/, /E-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or an instance of catching sight of or of being seen.\p\B2\b \Iarchaic\i spying. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iespiaille,\i from \Iespier:\i see \J\Xespy\x\j\c
<hw>espionage</hw> \K/"EspI\F'\nnA:Z/, /-IdZ/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i the practice of spying or of using spies, esp. by governments. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iespionnage\i via \Iespionner\i from \Iespion\i \J\Xspy\x\j\c
<hw>esplanade</hw> \K/Espl\F'\n"neId/, /-"nA:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IArchit\i a long open level area for walking on, esp. beside the sea.\p\B2\b \IFortification\i a level space separating a fortress from a town. \BEtymology:\b \3French via Spanish \Iesplanada,\i from \Iesplanar\i 'make level', from Latin \Iexplanare\i (as \J\Xex-\x (1),\j \Iplanus\i 'level')\c
<hw>espousal</hw> \K/I"spaUz(\F'\n)l/, /E-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \I(foll. by \Bof)\b\i the espousing of a cause etc.\p\B2\b \Iarchaic\i a marriage or betrothal. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iespousailles\i from Latin \Isponsalia,\i neut. pl. of \Isponsalis\i (as \J\Xespouse\x)\j\c
<hw>espouse</hw> \K/I"spaUz/, /E-/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b adopt or support (a cause, doctrine, etc.).\p\B2\b \Iarchaic\i \Ba\b (usu. of a man) marry. \Bb\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bto)\b\i give (a woman) in marriage. \Bespouser\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iespouser\i from Latin \Isponsare,\i from \Isponsus,\i past part. of \Ispondere\i 'betroth'\c
<hw>espresso</hw> \K/E"sprEs\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bexpresso\b \K/Ek"spres\F'\nU/\k) \I(pl.\i \B-os)\b \IDrink\i\p\B1\b strong concentrated black coffee made under steam pressure.\p\B2\b a machine for making this. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian, = pressed out\c
\B\Iesprit\b\i \K/E"spri:/, /"Espri:/, French /Espri/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b wit.\p\B2\b spirit, liveliness.\Ksense division f. incomings Jun 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3French, from Latin \Ispiritus\i \J\Xspirit\x\j\c
\B\Iesprit de corps\b\i \K/d\F'\n "kO:/, French /d\F'\n kOr/\k\p\In.\i\pa feeling of devotion to and pride in the group one belongs to. \BEtymology:\b \3French, literally 'spirit of the body'\c
\B\Iesprit de l'escalier\b\i \K/d\F'\n lE"skaljeI/, French /d\F'\n lEskalje/\k\p\In.\i\pan apt retort or clever remark that comes to mind after the chance to make it is gone. \BEtymology:\b \3French, literally 'wit of the stairs'\c
<hw>espy</hw> \K/I"spVI/, /E-/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(-ies,\b \B-ied)\b \Iliterary\i catch sight of; perceive. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iespier:\i see \J\Xspy\x\j\c
<hw>Esq.</hw> \Iabbr.\i Esquire.
<hw>-esque</hw> \K/Esk/\k \Isuffix\i forming adjectives meaning 'in the style of' or 'resembling' \3(romanesque;\c \2Schumannesque;\c \2statuesque).\c \BEtymology:\b \3French via Italian \I-esco\i from medieval Latin \I-iscus\i\c
<hw>Esquimau</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\XEskimo\x.\j
<hw>esquire</hw> \K/I"skwVI\F'\n/, /E-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b (usu. as abbr. \BEsq.)\b \Ba\b \BBrit.\b a title appended to a man's surname when no other form of address is used, esp. as a form of address for letters. \Bb\b \BUS\b a title appended to a lawyer's surname.\p\B2\b \Iarchaic\i = \J\Xsquire\x\p\In.\i\p2.\j \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iesquier\i from Latin \Iscutarius\i 'shield-bearer', from \Iscutum\i 'shield'\c
<hw>ESR</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IPhysics\i electron spin resonance .
<hw>ESRC</hw> \Iabbr.\i (in the UK) Economic and Social Research Council.\KNew f. OERD Nov 94\k
<hw>-ess (1)</hw> \K/Es/\k \Isuffix\i forming nouns denoting females \3(actress;\c \2lioness;\c \2mayoress).\c \BEtymology:\b \3from or suggested by French \I-esse\i via Late Latin \I-issa\i from Greek \I-issa\i\c
<hw>-ess (2)</hw> \K/Es/\k \Isuffix\i forming abstract nouns from adjectives \3(duress).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via French \I-esse\i from Latin \I-itia;\i cf. \J\X-ice\x,\j \J\X-ise\x (2)\j\c
<hw>essay</hw> \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\K/"EseI/\k\p\B1\b \ILiterature\i a composition, usu. short and in prose, on any subject.\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Bat,\b \Bin)\b\i \Iformal\i an attempt. \Iv.tr.\i \K/E"seI/\k \Iformal\i attempt, try. \Bessayist\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from \J\Xassay\x,\j assimilated to French \Iessayer,\i ultimately via Late Latin \Iexagium\i 'weighing' from \Iexigere\i 'weigh': see \J\Xexact\x\j\c
<hw>essence</hw> \K/"Es(\F'\n)ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the indispensable quality or element identifying a thing or determining its character; fundamental nature or inherent characteristics.\p\B2\b \Ba\b an extract obtained by distillation etc., esp. a volatile oil. \Bb\b a perfume or scent, esp. made from a plant or animal substance.\p\B3\b \IBot\i the constituent of a plant that determines its chemical properties.\p\B4\b \IPhilos\i an abstract entity; the reality underlying a phenomenon or all phenomena.\p\1in essence\c fundamentally.\p\1of the essence\c indispensable, vital. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Iessentia,\i from \Iesse\i 'be'\c
<hw>Essene</hw> \K/"Esi:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i a member of an ancient Jewish ascetic sect living communally and widely regarded as the authors of the Dead Sea Scrolls. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin pl. \IEsseni\i from Greek pl. \IEssenoi\i\c
<hw>essential</hw> \K/I"sEnS(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b absolutely necessary; indispensable.\p\B2\b fundamental, basic.\p\B3\b of or constituting the essence of a person or thing.\p\B4\b \IMed\i (of a disease) with no known external stimulus or cause; idiopathic.\p\In.\i\p\I(esp. in \Bpl.)\b\i a basic or indispensable element or thing. \Bessentiality\b \K/-SI"alIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bessentially\b \Iadv.\i \Bessentialness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Late Latin \Iessentialis\i (as \J\Xessence\x)\j\c
<hw>essential element</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBiol Chem\i any of various elements required by living organisms for normal growth.
<hw>essentialism</hw> \K/I"sEnS(\F'\n)lIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhilos.\i the belief that things have a set of characteristics which make them what they are. \Bessentialist\b \In. & adj.\i\Knew f. SOED, corpus Oct 93\k
<hw>essential oil</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot Chem\i a volatile oil derived from a plant etc. with its characteristic odour.
<hw>EST</hw> \Iabbr.\i\p\B1\b \IHorol\i Eastern Standard Time.\p\B2\b \IMed\i electro-shock treatment.
<hw>est</hw> \K/Est/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhilos\i a group technique for raising self-awareness, including motivational theories from the business world.\KNew f. NSOED Oct 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3acronym from \IE\irhard \IS\ieminars \IT\iraining, from the name of W. \IErhard,\i American businessman (b. 1935), who devised the technique\c
<hw>est.</hw> \Iabbr.\i established.\Knew f. corpus Oct 93\k
<hw>-est (1)</hw> \K/Ist/\k \Isuffix\i forming the superlative of adjectives \3(widest;\c \2nicest;\c \2happiest)\c and adverbs \3(soonest).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \I-ost-,\i \I-ust-,\i \I-ast-\i\c
<hw>-est (2)</hw> \K/Ist/\k \Isuffix\i (also \B-st)\b \Iarchaic\i forming the 2nd person sing. of verbs \3(canst;\c \2findest;\c \2gavest).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \I-est,\i \I-ast,\i \I-st\i\c
<hw>establish</hw> \K/I"stablIS/, /E-/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b set up or consolidate (a business, system, etc.) on a permanent basis.\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bin)\b\i settle (a person or oneself) in some capacity.\p\B3\b (esp. as \Bestablished\b \Iadj.)\i achieve permanent acceptance for (a custom, belief, practice, institution, etc.).\p\B4\b \Ba\b validate; place beyond dispute (a fact etc.). \Bb\b find out, ascertain.\Ksense 4b New f. NEWS Oct 93\k \Bestablisher\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iestablir\i (stem \Iestabliss-)\i from Latin \Istabilire,\i from \Istabilis\i \J\Xstable\x (1)\j\c
<hw>established Church</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i a Church recognized by the state as the national Church.
<hw>establishment</hw> \K/I"stablISm(\F'\n)nt/, /E-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or an instance of establishing; the process of being established.\p\B2\b \ICommerce\i \Ba\b a business organization or public institution. \Bb\b a place of business. \Bc\b a residence.\p\B3\b \Ba\b the staff or equipment of an organization. \Bb\b a household.\p\B4\b any organized body permanently maintained for a purpose.\p\B5\b \IEccl\i a Church system organized by law.\p\B6\b \Ba\b \B(the Establishment)\b \ISociol Polit\i the group in a society exercising authority or influence, and seen as resisting change. \Bb\b any influential or controlling group \3(the literary establishment).\c
<hw>establishmentarian</hw> \K/I%stablISm(\F'\n)n"tE:rI\F'\nn/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IEccl\i \Iadj.\i adhering to or advocating the principle of an established Church.\p\In.\i\pa person adhering to or advocating this. \Bestablishmentarianism\b\p\In.\i\p
\B\Iestaminet\b\i \K/E"stamIneI/, French /EstaminE/\k\p\In.\i\pa small French cafΘ etc. selling alcoholic drinks. \BEtymology:\b \3French, via Walloon \IstaminΘ\i 'byre' from \Istamo\i 'a pole for tethering a cow', probably from German \IStamm\i 'stem'\c
<hw>estate</hw> \K/I"steIt/, /E-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a property consisting of an extensive area of land usu. with a large house.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b \IArchit\i a modern residential or industrial area with integrated design or purpose.\p\B3\b \ILaw\i all of a person's assets and liabilities, esp. at death.\p\B4\b \IAgriculture\i a property where rubber, tea, grapes, etc., are cultivated.\p\B5\b (in full \Bestate of the realm)\b \IPolit\i \Iesp. hist.\i an order or class forming (or regarded as) a part of the body politic.\p\B6\b \Iarchaic\i or \Iliterary\i a state or position in life \3(the estate of holy matrimony;\c \2poor man's estate).\c\p\B7\b \BBrit.\b \ITransport\i \Icolloq.\i = \J\Xestate car\x.\j\p\1the Three Estates\c Lords Spiritual (the heads of the Church), Lords Temporal (the peerage), and the Commons. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iestat\i (as \J\Xstatus\x)\j\c
<hw>estate agent</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b\p\B1\b \ICommerce\i a person whose business is the sale or lease of buildings and land on behalf of others.\p\B2\b the steward of an estate.
<hw>estate car</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ITransport\i a car with the passenger area extended and combined with space for luggage, usu. with an extra door at the rear.
<hw>estate duty</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ILaw\i \Ihist.\i death duty levied on property (replaced in 1975 by \Icapital transfer tax\i and in 1986 by \Iinheritance tax).\i
<hw>estate of the realm</hw> \Isee\i \J\Xestate\x 5.\j
<hw>esteem</hw> \K/I"sti:m/, /E-/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \I(usu. in \Bpassive)\b\i have a high regard for; greatly respect; think favourably of.\p\B2\b \Iformal\i consider, deem \3(esteemed it an honour).\c\p\In.\i\phigh regard; respect; favour \3(held them in esteem).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iestimer\i from Latin \Iaestimare\i 'fix the price of'\c
<hw>ester</hw> \K/"Est\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i any of a class of organic compounds produced by replacing the hydrogen of an acid by an alkyl, aryl, etc. radical, many of which occur naturally as oils and fats. \Besterify\b \K/E"stErIfVI/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(-ies,\b \B-ied).\b \BEtymology:\b \3German, probably from \IEssig\i 'vinegar' + \I─ther\i 'ether'\c
<hw>estimable</hw> \K/"EstIm\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i worthy of esteem. \Bestimably\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French from Latin \Iaestimabilis\i (as \J\Xesteem\x)\j\c
<hw>estimate</hw> \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\K/"EstIm\F'\nt/\k\p\B1\b an approximate judgement, esp. of cost, value, size, etc.\p\B2\b a price specified as that likely to be charged for work to be undertaken. \Iv.tr.\i \I(also \Babsol.)\b\i \K/"EstImeIt/\k\p\B1\b form an estimate or opinion of.\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bthat\b + clause)\i make a rough calculation.\p\B3\b \I(often foll. by \Bat)\b\i value or measure by estimation; adjudge.\Ksense 4 omitted as not adequately distinct or evidenced Oct 93\k \Bestimative\b \K/-m\F'\ntIv/\k \Iadj.\i \Bestimator\b \K/-meIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iaestimare aestimat-\i 'fix the price of'\c
<hw>estimation</hw> \K/EstI"meIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the process or result of estimating.\p\B2\b judgement or opinion of worth \3(in my estimation).\c\p\B3\b \Iarchaic\i esteem \3(hold in estimation).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iestimation\i or Latin \Iaestimatio\i (as \J\Xestimate\x)\j\c
<hw>Estonian</hw> \K/I"st\F'\nUnI\F'\nn/, /E-/\k \In. & adj.\i \IPeople Language\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a native of Estonia, a Baltic republic. \Bb\b a person of Estonian descent.\p\B2\b the Finno-Ugric language of Estonia. \Iadj.\i of or relating to Estonia or its people or language.
<hw>estop</hw> \K/I"stQp/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(estopped,\b \Bestopping)\b \I(foll. by \Bfrom)\b\i \ILaw\i bar or preclude, esp. by estoppel. \Bestoppage\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Anglo-French, Old French \Iestoper\i and Late Latin \Istuppare\i 'stop up' from Latin \Istuppa\i 'tow, oakum': cf. \J\Xstop\x,\j \J\Xstuff\x\j\c
<hw>estoppel</hw> \K/I"stQp(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i the principle which precludes a person from asserting something contrary to what is implied by a previous action or statement of that person or by a previous pertinent judicial determination. \BEtymology:\b \3Old French \Iestouppail\i 'bung' from \Iestoper\i (as \J\Xestop\x)\j\c
<hw>estovers</hw> \K/I"st\F'\nUv\F'\nz/, /E-/\k \In.pl.\i \ILaw\i \Ihist.\i necessaries allowed by law to a tenant (esp. fuel, or wood for repairs). \BEtymology:\b \3Anglo-French \Iestover,\i Old French \Iestoveir\i 'be necessary', from Latin \Iest opus\i\c
<hw>estrange</hw> \K/I"streIn(d)Z/, /E-/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \I(usu. in \Bpassive;\b\i \Ioften foll. by \Bfrom)\b\i cause (a person or group) to turn away in feeling or affection; alienate.\p\B2\b (as \Bestranged\b \Iadj.)\i (of a husband or wife) no longer living with his or her spouse.\Ksense 2 new in COD9 f. POD8 Oct 93\k \Bestrangement\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Anglo-French \Iestraunger,\i Old French \Iestranger\i from Latin \Iextraneare\i 'treat as a stranger', from \Iextraneus\i 'stranger'\c
<hw>estreat</hw> \K/I"stri:t/, /E-/\k \In. & v.\i \ILaw\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a copy of a court record of a fine etc. for use in prosecution.\p\B2\b the enforcement of a fine or forfeiture of a recognizance. \Iv.tr.\i enforce the forfeit of (a fine etc., esp. surety for bail). \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Anglo-French \Iestrete,\i Old French \Iestraite,\i from \Iestraire,\i from Latin \Iextrahere\i \J\Xextract\x\j\c
<hw>ETA (1)</hw> \Iabbr.\i estimated time of arrival.
<hw>ETA (2)</hw> \K/"Et\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i a Basque separatist movement in Spain. \BEtymology:\b \3Basque abbreviation, from \IEuzkadi ta Azkatasuna\i 'Basque homeland and liberty'\c
<hw>eta</hw> \K/"i:t\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILinguistics\i the seventh letter of the Greek alphabet (H, \Fh\n). \BEtymology:\b \3Greek\c
<hw>etalon</hw> \K/"Et\F'\nlQn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i a device consisting of two reflecting plates, for producing interfering light beams. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IΘtalon,\i literally 'standard of measurement'\c
<hw>etc.</hw> \Iabbr.\i = \J\Xet cetera\x.\j
<hw>et cetera</hw> \K/Et"sEt(\F'\n)r\F'\n/, /It-/\k \Iadv. & n.\i (also \Betcetera)\b \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b and the rest; and similar things or people. \Bb\b or similar things or people.\p\B2\b and so on.\p\In.\i\p\I(in \Bpl.)\b\i the usual sundries or extras. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin\c
<hw>etch</hw> \K/EtS/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \IArt\i \Ba\b \Itr.\i reproduce (a picture etc.) by engraving a design on a metal plate with acid (esp. to print copies). \Bb\b \Itr.\i engrave (a plate) in this way.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i practise this craft.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \I(foll. by \Bon,\b \Bupon)\b\i impress deeply (esp. on the mind).\p\In.\i\pthe action or process of etching. \Betcher\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Dutch \Ietsen\i via German \IΣtzen\i 'etch' from Old High German \Iazzen\i 'cause to eat or to be eaten', from Germanic\c
<hw>etchant</hw> \K/"EtS(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IArt\i a corrosive used in etching.
<hw>etching</hw> \K/"EtSIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\IArt\i\p\B1\b a print made from an etched plate.\p\B2\b the art of producing these plates.
<hw>eternal</hw> \K/I"t\F'\n:n(\F'\n)l/, /i:-/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IMetaphysics\i existing always; without an end or (usu.) beginning in time.\p\B2\b essentially unchanging \3(eternal truths).\c\p\B3\b \Icolloq.\i constant; seeming not to cease \3(your eternal nagging).\c\p\1the Eternal\c God. \Beternality\b \K/-"nalIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Beternalize\b \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise).\b \Beternally\b \Iadv.\i \Beternalness\b\p\In.\i\p\Beternize\b \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise).\b \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French and Late Latin \Iaeternalis\i from Latin \Iaeternus,\i from \Iaevum\i 'age'\c
<hw>Eternal City</hw>\p\In.\i\p\I(prec. by \Bthe)\b\i \IEccl. RCCh.\i Rome.
<hw>eternal triangle</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPsychol\i a relationship between three people, usu. two of one sex and one of the other, involving sexual rivalry.
<hw>eternity</hw> \K/I"t\F'\n:nIti/, /i:-/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \IMetaphysics\i infinite or unending (esp. future) time.\p\B2\b \ITheol.\i \IRelig\i endless life after death.\p\B3\b the state of being eternal.\p\B4\b \I(often prec. by \Ban)\b\i \Icolloq.\i a very long time.\p\B5\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i eternal truths. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \IeternitΘ\i from Latin \Iaeternitas -tatis,\i from \Iaeternus:\i see \J\Xeternal\x\j\c
<hw>eternity ring</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IJewellery\i a finger ring set with gems all round, usu. given as a token of lasting affection.
<hw>Etesian</hw> \K/I"ti:ZI\F'\nn/, /I"ti:z-/, /I"ti:Z(\F'\n)n/\k \Iadj.\i \IMeteorol\i designating a dry NW wind blowing each summer in the eastern Mediterranean. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ietesius\i from Greek \Ietesios\i 'annual', from \Ietos\i 'year'\c
<hw>eth</hw> \K/ED/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bedh\b \K/ED/\k) \ILinguistics\i the name of an Old English and Icelandic letter, = th. \BEtymology:\b \3Icelandic\c
<hw>-eth (1)</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\X-th\x (1).\j
<hw>-eth (2)</hw> \K/IT/\k \Isuffix\i (also \B-th)\b \Iarchaic\i forming the 3rd person sing. present of verbs \3(doeth;\c \2saith).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \I-eth,\i \I-ath,\i \I-th\i\c
<hw>ether</hw> \K/"i:T\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IChem.\i \Ba\b a colourless volatile organic liquid used as an anaesthetic or solvent \I(also called\i \Idiethyl ether,\i \Iethoxyethane).\i Chem. formula: C2H5OC2H5.\Kformula\k \Bb\b any of a class of organic compounds with a similar structure to this, having an oxygen joined to two alkyl etc. groups.\p\B2\b (also \Baether)\b the clear sky; the upper regions of air beyond the clouds.\p\B3\b (also \Baether)\b \IPhysics\i \Ihist.\i \Ba\b a medium formerly assumed to permeate space and fill the interstices between particles of matter. \Bb\b a medium through which electromagnetic waves were formerly thought to be transmitted. \Betheric\b \K/i:"TErIk/, /"i:T(\F'\n)rIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iether\i or Latin \Iaether\i from Greek \Iaither,\i from the root of \Iaitho\i 'burn, shine'\c
<hw>ethereal</hw> \K/I"TI\F'\nrI\F'\nl/\k \Iadj.\i (also \Betherial)\b\p\B1\b light, airy.\p\B2\b highly delicate, esp. in appearance.\p\B3\b heavenly, celestial.\p\B4\b \IChem.\i of or relating to ether. \Bethereality\b \K/-"alIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bethereally\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iaethereus,\i \I-ius\i from Greek \Iaitherios\i (as \J\Xether\x)\j\c
<hw>etherize</hw> \K/"i:T(\F'\n)rVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b \Ihist.\i \IMed\i treat or anaesthetize with ether. \Betherization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>Ethernet</hw> \K/"i:T\F'\nnEt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IComputing\i a system of communication for local area networks by coaxial cable that prevents simultaneous transmission by more than one station.\Knew f. SOED, corpus Oct 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xether\x\j + \J\Xnetwork\x\j\c
<hw>ethic</hw> \K/"ETIk/\k \In. & adj.\i \IEthics Philos\i\p\In.\i\pa set of moral principles \3(the Quaker ethic).\c \Iadj.\i = \J\Xethical\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \IΘthique\i or Latin \Iethicus\i from Greek \Iethikos\i (as \J\Xethos\x)\j\c
<hw>ethical</hw> \K/"ETIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \IEthics Philos\i\p\B1\b relating to morals, esp. as concerning human conduct.\p\B2\b morally correct; honourable.\p\B3\b \IMed Pharm\i (of a medicine or drug) not advertised to the general public, and usu. available only on a doctor's prescription. \Bethicality\b \K/-"kalIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bethically\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>ethical investment</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IStock Exch\i investment in companies that meet ethical and moral criteria specified by the investor.\Knew in COD9 f. OMED Oct 93\k
<hw>ethics</hw> \K/"ETIks/\k \In.pl.\i \IEthics Philos\i\p\B1\b \I(usu. treated as \Bsing.)\b\i the science of morals in human conduct; moral philosophy.\p\B2\b \Ba\b \I(treated as \Bpl.)\b\i moral principles; rules of conduct. \Bb\b \I(often treated as \Bpl.)\b\i a set of these \3(medical ethics).\c \Bethicist\b \K/-sIst/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>Ethiopian</hw> \K/i:TI"\F'\nUpI\F'\nn/\k \In. & adj.\i \IPeople\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a native or national of Ethiopia in NE Africa. \Bb\b a person of Ethiopian descent.\p\B2\b \Iarchaic\i a black person. \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of or relating to Ethiopia.\p\B2\b \IBiol.\i of or designating a biogeographical region comprising Africa south of the Sahara.\Ksense 2 of adj. new f. NSOED May 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3\IEthiopia\i via Latin \IAethiops\i from Greek \IAithiops,\i from \Iaitho\i 'burn' + \Iops\i 'face'\c
<hw>Ethiopic</hw> \K/i:TI"QpIk/\k \In. & adj.\i \ILanguage\i\p\In.\i\pthe Christian liturgical language of Ethiopia. \Iadj.\i of or in this language. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iaethiopicus\i from Greek \Iaithiopikos:\i see \J\XEthiopian\x\j\c
<hw>ethmoid bone</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAnat\i a square bone at the root of the nose, with many perforations through which the olfactory nerves pass to the nose.
<hw>ethnic</hw> \K/"ETnIk/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \ISociol Anthropol\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b (of a social group) having a common national or cultural tradition. \Bb\b (of clothes, music, etc.) characteristic of or influenced by the traditions of a particular people or culture, esp. one regarded as exotic.\p\B2\b denoting origin by birth or descent rather than nationality \3(ethnic Turks).\c\p\B3\b relating to race or culture \3(ethnic group;\c \2ethnic origins).\c\p\B4\b \Iarchaic\i pagan, heathen.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \BN. Amer.\b & \BAustral.\b \IPeople\i a member of an (esp. minority) ethnic group.\p\B2\b \I(in \Bpl.,\b\i \Iusu. treated as \Bsing.)\b\i = \J\Xethnology\x.\j \Bethnically\b \Iadv.\i \Bethnicity\b \K/-"nIsIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via ecclesiastical Latin \Iethnicus\i from Greek \Iethnikos\i 'heathen', from \Iethnos\i 'nation'\c
<hw>ethnical</hw> \K/"ETnIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \IAnthropol\i relating to ethnology.
<hw>ethnic cleansing</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i \Ieuphem.\i the mass expulsion or extermination of people from opposing ethnic or religious groups within a certain area.\Knew in COD9 f. Wordfinder Oct 93\k
<hw>ethnic minority</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAnthropol.\i a (usu. identifiable) group differentiated from the main population of a community by racial origin or cultural background.
<hw>ethnoarchaeology</hw> \K/%ETn\F'\nUA:kI"Ql\F'\ndZi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IArchaeol Anthropol\i the study of a society's institutions based on examination of its material attributes. \Bethnoarchaeological\b \K/-kI\F'\n"lQdZIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Bethnoarchaeologist\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>ethnobotany</hw> \K/ETn\F'\nU"bQt(\F'\n)ni/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISci\i\p\B1\b the traditional knowledge of a people concerning plants and their uses.\p\B2\b the study of such knowledge.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Jan 94\k
<hw>ethnocentric</hw> \K/ETn\F'\n(U)"sEntrIk/\k \Iadj.\i \IAnthropol\i evaluating other races and cultures by criteria specific to one's own. \Bethnocentrically\b \Iadv.\i \Bethnocentricity\b \K/-"trIsIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bethnocentrism\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>ethnography</hw> \K/ET"nQgr\F'\nfi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnthropol\i the scientific description of races and cultures of humankind. \Bethnographer\b\p\In.\i\p\Bethnographic\b \K/-n\F'\n"grafIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Bethnographical\b \K/-n\F'\n"grafIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i
<hw>ethnology</hw> \K/ET"nQl\F'\ndZi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnthropol\i the comparative scientific study of human peoples. \Bethnologic\b \K/-n\F'\n"lQdZIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Bethnological\b \K/-n\F'\n"lQdZIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Bethnologist\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>ethnomethodology</hw> \K/%ETn\F'\nUmET\F'\n"dQl\F'\ndZi/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISociol\i a method of sociological analysis that examines how individuals in everyday situations construct and maintain the social order of those situations. \Bethnomethodological\b \K/-d\F'\n"lQdZIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Bethnomethodologist\b\p\In.\i\p\Knew f. SOED, corpus Oct 93\k
<hw>ethnomusicology</hw> \K/%ETn\F'\nUmju:zI"kQl\F'\ndZi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMus Anthropol\i the study of the music of one or more (esp. non-European) cultures. \Bethnomusicological\b \K/-k\F'\n"lQdZIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\K-al new f. OERD, corpus, Incs Oct 94\k \Bethnomusicologist\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>ethogram</hw> \K/"i:T\F'\ngram/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool.\i a list of the kinds of behaviour or activity observed in an animal. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ietho\i- (see \J\Xethos\x)\j + \J\X-gram\x\j\c
<hw>ethology</hw> \K/i:"TQl\F'\ndZi/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool\i the science of animal behaviour.\p\B2\b \IAnthropol\i the science of character-formation in human behaviour. \Bethological\b \K/i:T\F'\n"lQdZIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Bethologist\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iethologia\i from Greek \Iethologia\i (as \J\Xethos\x)\j\c
<hw>ethos</hw> \K/"i:TQs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnthropol\i the characteristic spirit or attitudes of a community, people, or system, or of a literary work etc. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from Greek \Iethos\i 'nature, disposition'\c
<hw>ethyl</hw> \K/"ETVIl/, /-TIl/, /"i:-/\k\p\In.\i\p\I\B(attrib.)\b\i \IChem.\i the monovalent radical C2H5- derived from ethane by removal of a hydrogen atom \3(ethyl alcohol).\c \BEtymology:\b \3German (as \J\Xether\x,\j \J\X-yl\x)\j\c
<hw>ethylene</hw> \K/"ETIli:n/, /-T(\F'\n)l-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i a gaseous hydrocarbon of the alkene series, occurring in natural gas and used in the manufacture of polythene \I(also called\i \Iethene).\i Chem. formula: C2H4.\Kformula\k \Bethylenic\b \K/-"li:nIk/\k \Iadj.\i
<hw>ethylene glycol</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i a colourless viscous hygroscopic liquid used as an antifreeze and in the manufacture of polyesters \I(also called\i \Iethanediol).\i Chem. formula: C2H6O2.\Kformula\k
<hw>ethyne</hw> \K/"i:TVIn/, /"ET-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i = \J\Xacetylene\x.\j\Knew f. NSOED May 94\k
<hw>-etic</hw> \K/"EtIk/\k \Isuffix\i forming adjectives and nouns \3(ascetic;\c \2emetic;\c \2genetic;\c \2synthetic).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \I-etikos\i or \I-etikos:\i cf. \J\X-ic\x\j\c
<hw>etiolate</hw> \K/"i:tI\F'\n(U)leIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \IBot\i make (a plant) pale by excluding light.\p\B2\b give a sickly hue to (a person). \Betiolation\b \K/-"leIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \IΘtioler\i from Norman French \IΘtieuler\i 'make into haulm', from \IΘteule,\i ultimately from Latin \Istipula\i 'straw'\c
<hw>etiquette</hw> \K/"EtIkEt/, /EtI"kEt/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISociol Anthropol\i\p\B1\b the conventional rules of social behaviour.\p\B2\b \Ba\b the customary behaviour of members of a profession towards each other. \Bb\b the unwritten code governing this \3(medical etiquette).\c \BEtymology:\b \3French \IΘtiquette\i 'label, etiquette'\c
<hw>Eton collar</hw> \K/"i:t(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IClothing\i a broad stiff collar worn outside the coat-collar, esp. of an Eton jacket.
<hw>Etonian</hw> \K/i:"t\F'\nUnI\F'\nn/\k \In. & adj.\i \IEducation\i\p\In.\i\pa past or present member of Eton College in southern England. \Iadj.\i of or relating to Eton College.\Kadj. new f. OERD, corpus, incomings Jun 94\k
<hw>Eton jacket</hw> \K/"i:t(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IClothing\i a short jacket reaching only to the waist, as formerly worn by pupils of Eton College.
<hw>Θtrier</hw> \K/"eItrIeI/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMountaineering\i a short rope ladder with a few rungs of wood or metal. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = stirrup\c
<hw>Etruscan</hw> \K/I"trVsk(\F'\n)n/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i of or relating to ancient Etruria in Italy, esp. its pre-Roman civilization and physical remains.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPeople\i a native of Etruria.\p\B2\b \ILanguage\i the language of Etruria.\KEtruscology omitted Oct 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \IEtruscus\i\c
<hw>et seq.</hw> \Iabbr.\i (also \Bet seqq.)\b and the following (pages etc.). \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iet sequentia\i\c
<hw>-ette</hw> \K/Et/\k \Isuffix\i forming nouns meaning:\p\B1\b small \3(kitchenette;\c \2cigarette).\c\p\B2\b imitation or substitute \3(leatherette;\c \2flannelette).\c\p\B3\b female \3(usherette;\c \2suffragette).\c \BEtymology:\b \3from or suggested by Old French \I-ette,\i fem. of \J\X-et\x (1)\j\c
<hw>Θtude</hw> \K/"eItju:d/, /eI"tju:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMus\i a short musical composition or exercise, usu. for one instrument, designed to improve the technique of the player. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = study\c
<hw>Θtui</hw> \K/E"twi:/\k\p\In.\i\p\INeedlework\i a small case for needles etc. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IΘtui\i from Old French \Iestui\i 'prison', from \Iestuier\i 'shut up, keep'\c
<hw>-etum</hw> \K/"i:t\F'\nm/\k \Isuffix\i forming nouns denoting a collection of trees or other plants \3(arboretum;\c \2pinetum).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Latin\c
<hw>etymologize</hw> \K/EtI"mQl\F'\ndZVIz/\k\p\Iv.\i\p(also \B-ise)\b \ILinguistics\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i give or trace the etymology of.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i study etymology. \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Ietymologizare\i from Latin \Ietymologia\i (as \J\Xetymology\x)\j\c
<hw>etymology</hw> \K/EtI"mQl\F'\ndZi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \ILinguistics\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the historically verifiable sources of the formation of a word and the development of its meaning. \Bb\b an account of these.\p\B2\b the branch of linguistics concerned with etymologies. \Betymological\b \K/-m\F'\n"lQdZIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Betymologically\b \K/-m\F'\n"lQdZIk(\F'\n)li/\k \Iadv.\i \Betymologist\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old French \Iethimologie\i via Latin \Ietymologia\i from Greek \Ietumologia\i (as \J\Xetymon\x,\j \J\X-logy\x)\j\c
<hw>etymon</hw> \K/"EtImQn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Betyma\b \K/-m\F'\n/\k) \ILinguistics\i the word that gives rise to a derivative or a borrowed or later form. \BEtymology:\b \3earlier in the sense 'the literal sense or original form of a word': Latin from Greek \Ietumon,\i neut. of \Ietumos\i 'true'\c
<hw>EU</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IPolit Econ\i European Union.\Knew f. OERD Jun 94\k See Usage Note at \J\XEuropean Community\x.\j
<hw>Eu</hw> \Isymb.\i \IChem.\i the element europium.
<hw>eucalyptus</hw> \K/ju:k\F'\n"lIpt\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Beucalypt)\b \I(pl.\i \Beucalyptuses,\b \Beucalypti\b \K/-tVI/\k, or \Beucalypts)\b \IBot\i\p\B1\b any tree of the genus \IEucalyptus,\i native to Australasia, many being cultivated for their timber, for the oil from their leaves, for gums and resins, or as ornamental trees.\p\B2\b (in full \Beucalyptus oil)\b \IPharm\i the oil from eucalyptus leaves used as an antiseptic etc. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin, from \J\Xeu-\x\j + Greek \Ikaluptos\i 'covered' from \Ikalupto\i 'to cover', the unopened flower being protected by a cap\c
<hw>eucharis</hw> \K/"ju:k\F'\nrIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i any evergreen bulbous plant of the genus \IEucharis,\i native to S. America, with white bell-shaped flowers. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ieukharis\i 'pleasing' (as \J\Xeu-\x,\j \Ikharis\i 'grace')\c
<hw>Eucharist</hw> \K/"ju:k(\F'\n)rIst/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i\p\B1\b the Christian sacrament commemorating the Last Supper, in which bread and wine are consecrated and consumed; \Ialso called\i \I(Holy) Communion,\i \Ithe Lord's Supper,\i \Ithe Mass.\i\p\B2\b the consecrated elements, esp. the bread \3(receive the Eucharist).\c \BEucharistic\b \K/-"rIstIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEucharistical\b \K/-"rIstIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ieucariste,\i ultimately via ecclesiastical Greek \Ieukharistia\i 'thanksgiving' from Greek \Ieukharistos\i 'grateful' (as \J\Xeu-\x,\j \Ikharizomai\i 'offer willingly')\c
<hw>euchre</hw> \K/"ju:k\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\ICards\i an American card game for two, three, or four players. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \ICards\i (in euchre) gain the advantage over (another player) when that player fails to take three tricks.\p\B2\b deceive, outwit.\p\B3\b \BAustral.\b exhaust, ruin. \BEtymology:\b \319th c.: German dialect \IJucker(spiel)\i\c
<hw>Euclidean</hw> \K/ju:"klIdI\F'\nn/\k \Iadj.\i \IMath\i of or relating to Euclid, 3rd-c. bc Alexandrian geometrician. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \IEuclideus\i from Greek \IEukleideios\i\c
<hw>Euclidean geometry</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMath\i the geometry of ordinary experience, in which the postulates of Euclid are valid. \ICf.\i \J\Xnon-Euclidean\x.\j\Knew f. NSOED Jun 94\k
<hw>Euclidean space</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IGeom\i space for which Euclidean geometry is valid.
<hw>eudemonism</hw> \K/ju:"di:m\F'\nnIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Beudaemonism)\b \IPhilos\i a system of ethics that bases moral obligation on the likelihood of actions producing happiness. \Beudemonist\b\p\In.\i\p\Beudemonistic\b \K/-"nIstIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ieudaimonismos\i 'system of happiness' from \Ieudaimon\i 'happy' (as \J\Xeu-\x,\j \Idaimon\i 'guardian spirit')\c
<hw>eudiometer</hw> \K/ju:dI"QmIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i a graduated glass tube in which gases may be chemically combined by an electric spark, used to measure changes in volume of gases during chemical reactions. \Beudiometric\b \K/-dI\F'\n"mEtrIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Beudiometrical\b \K/-dI\F'\n"mEtrIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Beudiometry\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ieudios\i 'clear (weather)': originally used to measure the amount of oxygen, thought to be greater in clear air\c
<hw>eugenics</hw> \K/ju:"dZEnIks/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiol Genetics\i the science of improving the (esp. human) population by controlled breeding for desirable inherited characteristics. \Beugenic\b \Iadj.\i \Beugenically\b \Iadv.\i \Beugenicist\b \K/ju:"dZEnIsIst/\k\p\In.\i\p\Beugenist\b \K/"ju:dZInIst/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xeu-\x\j + \J\X-gen\x\j + \J\X-ics\x\j\c
<hw>euglena</hw> \K/ju:"gli:n\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiol.\i a single-celled freshwater flagellate of the genus \IEuglena,\i which can form a green scum on stagnant water.\Knew f. F. Abate, NSOED Nov 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin genus name, from \J\Xeu-\x\j + Greek \Iglene\i 'eyeball, socket of joint'\c
<hw>eukaryote</hw> \K/ju:"karI\F'\nUt/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Beucaryote)\b \IBiol.\i an organism consisting of a cell or cells in which the genetic material is DNA in the form of chromosomes contained within a distinct nucleus \I(cf.\i \J\Xprokaryote\x).\j \Beukaryotic\b \K/-"QtIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xeu-\x\j + \J\Xkaryo-\x\j + -\Iote\i as in \J\Xzygote\x\j\c
<hw>eulogium</hw> \K/ju:"l\F'\nUdZI\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Beulogia\b \K/-dZI\F'\n/\k or \B-ums)\b \IRhet\i = \J\Xeulogy\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin: see \J\Xeulogy\x\j\c
<hw>eulogize</hw> \K/"ju:l\F'\ndZVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b \IRhet\i praise in speech or writing. \Beulogist\b\p\In.\i\p\Beulogistic\b \K/-"dZIstIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Beulogistically\b \K/-"dZIstIk(\F'\n)li/\k \Iadv.\i
<hw>eulogy</hw> \K/"ju:l\F'\ndZi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IRhet\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b speech or writing in praise of a person. \Bb\b an expression of praise.\p\B2\b \BUS\b a funeral oration in praise of a person. \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Ieulogium\i from Late Latin \Ieulogia\i 'praise' (apparently by confusion with Latin \Ielogium\i 'epitaph'), from Greek\c
<hw>eunuch</hw> \K/"ju:n\F'\nk/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a castrated man, esp. one formerly employed at an oriental harem or court.\p\B2\b a person lacking effectiveness \3(political eunuch).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Latin \Ieunuchus\i from Greek \Ieunoukhos,\i literally 'bedchamber attendant' from \Ieune\i 'bed' + second element related to \Iekho\i 'hold'\c
<hw>euonymus</hw> \K/ju:"QnIm\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i any tree or shrub of the genus \IEuonymus,\i e.g. the spindle tree. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin from Greek \Ieuonumos\i 'of lucky name' (as \J\Xeu-\x,\j \Ionoma\i 'name')\c
<hw>eupeptic</hw> \K/ju:"pEptIk/\k \Iadj.\i \IPhysiol\i of or having good digestion. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ieupeptos\i (as \J\Xeu-\x,\j \Ipepto\i 'digest')\c
<hw>euphemism</hw> \K/"ju:fImIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILinguistics\i\p\B1\b a mild or vague expression substituted for one thought to be too harsh or direct (e.g. \Ipass over\i for \Idie).\i\p\B2\b the use of such expressions. \Beuphemist\b\p\In.\i\p\Beuphemistic\b \K/-"mIstIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Beuphemistically\b \K/-"mIstIk(\F'\n)li/\k \Iadv.\i \Beuphemize\b \Iv.tr. & intr.\i (also \B-ise).\b \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ieuphemismos\i from \Ieuphemos\i (as \J\Xeu-\x,\j \Ipheme\i 'speaking')\c
<hw>euphonium</hw> \K/ju:"f\F'\nUnI\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMus\i a brass wind instrument of the tuba family. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin, from Greek \Ieuphonos\i (as \J\Xeuphony\x)\j\c
<hw>euphony</hw> \K/"ju:f(\F'\n)ni/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b pleasantness of sound, esp. of a word or phrase; harmony. \Bb\b a pleasant sound.\p\B2\b \IPhonet\i the tendency to make a phonetic change for ease of pronunciation. \Beuphonic\b \K/-"fQnIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Beuphonize\b \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise).\b \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ieuphonie\i via Late Latin \Ieuphonia\i from Greek \Ieuphonia\i (as \J\Xeu-\x,\j \Iphone\i 'sound')\c
<hw>euphorbia</hw> \K/ju:"fO:bI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i any plant of the genus \IEuphorbia,\i including spurges. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Ieuphorbea\i from \IEuphorbus,\i the name of a 1st-c. Greek physician\c
<hw>euphoria</hw> \K/ju:"fO:rI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pa feeling of well-being, esp. one based on overconfidence or over-optimism. \Beuphoric\b \K/-"fQrIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Beuphorically\b \K/-"fQrIk(\F'\n)li/\k \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Greek from \Ieuphoros\i 'borne well, healthy' (as \J\Xeu-\x,\j \Iphero\i 'bear')\c
<hw>euphuism</hw> \K/"ju:fjUIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRhet\i an affected or high-flown style of writing or speaking. \Beuphuist\b\p\In.\i\p\Beuphuistic\b \K/-"IstIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Beuphuistically\b \K/-"IstIk(\F'\n)li/\k \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ieuphues\i 'well endowed by nature': originally of writing imitating Lyly's \IEuphues\i (1578-80)\c
<hw>Eurasian</hw> \K/jU(\F'\n)r"eIS(\F'\n)n/, /-Z(\F'\n)n/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IPeople Anthropol\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of mixed European and Asian (formerly esp. Indian) parentage.\p\B2\b of Europe and Asia.\p\In.\i\pa Eurasian person.
<hw>Euratom</hw> \K/jU(\F'\n)r"at\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISci\i European Atomic Energy Community. \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation\c
<hw>eureka</hw> \K/jU(\F'\n)"ri:k\F'\n/\k \Iint. & n.\i \Iint.\i I have found it! (expressing joy at a discovery etc.).\p\In.\i\pan exultant cry of 'eureka'. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iheureka,\i 1st person sing. perfect of \Iheurisko\i 'find': attributed to Archimedes\c
<hw>eurhythmic</hw> \K/jU(\F'\n)"rIDmIk/\k \Iadj.\i \IArchit\i of or in harmonious proportion (esp. of architecture). \BEtymology:\b \3\Ieurhythmy\i 'harmony of proportions' via Latin \Ieur(h)ythmia\i from Greek \Ieurhuthmia\i (as \J\Xeu-\x,\j \Irhuthmos\i 'proportion, rhythm')\c
<hw>eurhythmics</hw> \K/jU(\F'\n)"rIDmIks/\k \In.pl.\i \I(usu. treated as \Bsing.)\b\i \B(US\b \Beurythmics)\b \IEducation\i harmony of bodily movement, esp. as developed with music and dance into a system of education.
<hw>eurhythmy</hw> \K/jU(\F'\n)"rIDmi/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Beurythmy)\b = \J\Xeurhythmics\x.\j\KNew f. incomings NEWS. Oct 93\k
<hw>Euro</hw> \K/"jU\F'\nr\F'\nU/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i European.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a European.\p\B2\b a Eurodollar.\KNew f. NEWS Oct 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation\c
<hw>euro</hw> \K/"jU\F'\nr\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b \IZool\i a large reddish wallaby, Macropus robustus. \BEtymology:\b \3Adnyamathanha \Iyuru\i\c
<hw>Eurobond</hw> \K/"jU\F'\nr\F'\nUbQnd/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i an international bond issued outside the country in whose currency its value is stated.\KNew f. SOED, corpus Oct 93\k
<hw>Eurocentric</hw> \K/jU\F'\nr\F'\nU"sEntrIk/\k \Iadj.\i having or regarding Europe as its centre; presupposing the supremacy of Europe and Europeans. \BEurocentrism\b\p\In.\i\p\Knew f. SOED, corpus Oct 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\XEuro-\x\j + \J\X-centric\x\j\c
<hw>Eurocheque</hw> \K/"jU\F'\nr\F'\nUtSEk/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i\p\B1\b a cheque issued under a banking arrangement enabling account-holders from one European country to use their cheques in another.\p\B2\b this arrangement.\Knew f. SOED, corpus Oct 93\k
<hw>Eurocommunism</hw> \K/jU\F'\nr\F'\nU"kQmjUnIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i a form of Communism in western European countries. \BEurocommunist\b \Iadj. & n.\i
<hw>Eurocrat</hw> \K/"jU\F'\nr\F'\n(U)krat/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i \Iusu. derog.\i a bureaucrat in the administration of the European Union.
<hw>Euro-currency</hw> \K/"jU\F'\nr\F'\n(U)%kVr(\F'\n)nsi/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i money held outside the country (usu. the US or Japan) in whose currency its value is stated.\Knew f. SOED, corpus Oct 93\k
<hw>Eurodollar</hw> \K/"jU\F'\nr\F'\nU%dQl\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i a dollar held outside the US (not necessarily in Europe).
<hw>Euro-election</hw> \K/"jU\F'\nr\F'\nUI%lEkS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i an election held for the European Parliament.\KNew f. corpus Oct 93\k
<hw>Euromarket</hw> \K/"jU\F'\nr\F'\nU%ma:kIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i\p\B1\b the European money market.\p\B2\b the market of a particular Euro-currency.\Knew f. corpus Oct 93\k
<hw>Euro-MP</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i a member of the European Parliament.\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED, News, corpus Mar 94\k
<hw>Europe</hw> \K/"jU\F'\nr\F'\np/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPolit Econ\i\p\B1\b \IGeog.\i a continent of the northern hemisphere.\K1 new to make sense of European defs Jan 95\k\p\B2\b the European Union. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \IEurope\i\c
<hw>European</hw> \K/jU\F'\nr\F'\n"pi:\F'\nn/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IPolit\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of or in Europe.\p\B2\b \Ba\b descended from natives of Europe. \Bb\b originating in or characteristic of Europe.\p\B3\b \Ba\b happening in or extending over Europe. \Bb\b concerning Europe as a whole rather than its individual countries.\p\B4\b of or relating to the European Union.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPeople\i \Ba\b a native or inhabitant of Europe. \Bb\b a person descended from natives of Europe. \Bc\b a white person.\p\B2\b a person concerned with European matters. \BEuropeanism\b\p\In.\i\p\BEuropeanize\b \Iv.tr. & intr.\i (also \B-ise).\b \BEuropeanization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \IeuropΘen\i via Latin \Ieuropaeus,\i from \IEuropa,\i from Greek \IEurope\i 'Europe'\c
<hw>European Community</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IEcon.Polit.\i an economic and political association of certain European countries as a unit with internal free trade and common external tariffs. The European Community (EC) was formed in 1967 from the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), the European Economic Community (EEC), and the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom). The name 'European Communities' is used in legal contexts where the three distinct organizations are recognized. The name 'European Economic Community' (EEC) is sometimes used loosely for the merged organization. In November 1993 the EC became known as the European Union (EU).
<hw>European Economic Community</hw> see note at \J\XEuropean Community\x.\j
<hw>European plan</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b \ICommerce\i a system of charging for a hotel room only without meals.
<hw>europium</hw> \K/jU(\F'\n)r"\F'\nUpI\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i a soft silvery metallic element of the lanthanide series, occurring naturally in small quantities (symbol \BEu).\b\Ksymb\k \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin, from \IEurope\i\c
<hw>Euro-rebel</hw> \K/"jU\F'\nr\F'\nU%rEb(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i a person who does not share his or her political party's enthusiasm for the European Union.\Knew f. corpus Oct 93\k
<hw>Euro-sceptic</hw> \K/"jU\F'\nr\F'\nU%skEptIk/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i a person who is not enthusiastic about increasing the powers of the European Union.\KNew f. NSOED Oct 93\k
<hw>Eurovision</hw> \K/"jU\F'\nr\F'\nvIZ(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITelev Broadcasting\i a network of European television production administered by the European Broadcasting Union.
<hw>Eustachian tube</hw> \K/ju:"steIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnat.\i a tube leading from the pharynx to the cavity of the middle ear and equalizing the pressure on each side of the eardrum. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \IEustachius\i = B. \IEustachio,\i Italian anatomist d. 1574\c
<hw>eustasy</hw> \K/"ju:st\F'\nsi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeog\i a change in sea level throughout the world caused by tectonic movements, melting of glaciers, etc. \Beustatic\b \K/-"statIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3back-formation from German \Ieustatisch\i \I(adj.)\i (as \J\Xeu-\x,\j \J\Xstatic\x)\j\c
<hw>eutectic</hw> \K/ju:"tEktIk/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IChem.\i \Iadj.\i (of a mixture, alloy, etc.) having the lowest freezing point of any possible proportions of its constituents.\p\In.\i\pa eutectic mixture. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Ieutektos\i (as \J\Xeu-\x,\j \Iteko\i 'melt')\c
<hw>eutectic point</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Beutectic temperature)\b \ISci\i the minimum freezing point for a eutectic mixture.
<hw>euthanasia</hw> \K/ju:T\F'\n"neIzI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i\p\B1\b the painless killing of a patient suffering from an incurable and painful disease.\p\B2\b such a death. \BEtymology:\b \3Greek (as \J\Xeu-\x,\j \Ithanatos\i 'death')\c
<hw>eutherian</hw> \K/ju:"TI\F'\nrI\F'\nn/\k \In. & adj.\i \IZool.\i\p\In.\i\pa mammal of the infraclass Eutheria, giving nourishment to its unborn young through a placenta (as in humans). \Iadj.\i of or relating to this infraclass, which includes all mammals except marsupials and monotremes.\KNew in COD9 f. OEED Oct 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xeu-\x\j + Greek \Ither\i 'wild beast'\c
<hw>eutrophic</hw> \K/ju:"tr\F'\nUfIk/, /-"trQf-/\k \Iadj.\i \IGeog Ecol\i (of a lake etc.) rich in nutrients and so supporting a dense plant population, the decomposition of which kills animal life by depriving it of oxygen. \Beutrophicate\b \Iv.tr.\i \Beutrophication\b \K/-"keIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Beutrophy\b \K/"ju:tr\F'\nfI/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3\Ieutrophy\i from Greek \Ieutrophia\i (as \J\Xeu-\x,\j \Itrepho\i 'nourish')\c
<hw>eV</hw> \Iabbr.\i \ISci\i electronvolt.
<hw>EVA</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IAstronaut.\i (in astronautics) extravehicular activity.
<hw>evacuate</hw> \K/I"vakjUeIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b remove (people) from a place of danger to stay elsewhere for the duration of the danger. \Bb\b empty (a place) in this way.\p\B2\b make empty (a vessel of air etc.).\p\B3\b \IMil\i (of troops) withdraw from (a place).\p\B4\b \IPhysiol\i \Ba\b empty (the bowels or other bodily organ). \Bb\b discharge (faeces etc.). \Bevacuant\b \In. & adj.\i \Bevacuation\b \K/-"eIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bevacuative\b \K/-kjU\F'\ntIv/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Bevacuator\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ievacuare\i (as \J\Xe-\x,\j \Ivacuus\i 'empty')\c
<hw>evacuee</hw> \K/I%vakju:"i:/\k\p\In.\i\pa person evacuated from a place of danger.
<hw>evade</hw> \K/I"veId/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b escape from, avoid, esp. by guile or trickery. \Bb\b avoid doing (one's duty etc.). \Bc\b avoid answering (a question) or yielding to (an argument).\p\B2\b \Ba\b avoid paying (tax) by illegitimate presentation of one's finances. \Bb\b \ILaw\i defeat the intention of (a law etc.), esp. while complying with its letter.\p\B3\b (of a thing) elude or baffle (a person). \Bevadable\b \Iadj.\i \Bevader\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \IΘvader\i from Latin \Ievadere\i (as \J\Xe-\x,\j \Ivadere vas-\i 'go')\c
<hw>evaluate</hw> \K/I"valjUeIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b assess, appraise.\p\B2\b \Ba\b find or state the number or amount of. \Bb\b find a numerical expression for. \Bevaluation\b \K/-"eIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bevaluative\b \K/-\F'\ntIv/\k \Iadj.\i \Bevaluator\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3back-formation from \Ievaluation,\i from French \IΘvaluation\i from \IΘvaluer\i (as \J\Xe-\x,\j \J\Xvalue\x)\j\c
<hw>evanesce</hw> \K/i:v\F'\n"nEs/, /Ev-/\k \Iv.intr.\i\p\B1\b fade from sight; disappear.\p\B2\b become effaced. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ievanescere\i (as \J\Xe-\x,\j \Ivanus\i 'empty')\c
<hw>evanescent</hw> \K/i:v\F'\n"nEs(\F'\n)nt/, /Ev-/\k \Iadj.\i (of an impression or appearance etc.) quickly fading. \Bevanescence\b\p\In.\i\p\Bevanescently\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>evangel</hw> \K/I"van(d)ZEl/, /-(d)Z(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IEccl\i \Iarchaic\i \Ba\b the gospel. \Bb\b any of the four Gospels.\p\B2\b a basic doctrine or set of principles.\p\B3\b \BN. Amer.\b = \J\Xevangelist\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ievangile\i and ecclesiastical Latin \Ievangelium\i from Greek \Ieuaggelion\i 'good news' (as \J\Xeu-\x,\j \J\Xangel\x)\j\c
<hw>evangelical</hw> \K/i:van"dZElIk(\F'\n)l/, /Ev-/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IRelig\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of or according to the teaching of the gospel or the Christian religion.\p\B2\b of a branch of Protestant Christianity emphasizing the authority of Scripture, personal conversion, and the doctrine of salvation by faith in the Atonement.\p\B3\b zealously advocating a cause.\Ksense 3 new f. SOED Oct 93\k\p\In.\i\pa member of the evangelical tradition. \Bevangelicalism\b\p\In.\i\p\Bevangelically\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3ecclesiastical Latin \Ievangelicus\i from ecclesiastical Greek \Ieuaggelikos\i (as \J\Xevangel\x)\j\c
<hw>evangelism</hw> \K/I"van(d)Z(\F'\n)lIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i\p\B1\b the preaching or promulgation of the gospel.\p\B2\b zealous advocacy of a cause or doctrine.\Ksense 2 new f. NEWS. No evidence for current use of evangelism for evangelicalism Oct 93\k
<hw>evangelist</hw> \K/I"van(d)Z(\F'\n)lIst/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i\p\B1\b any of the writers of the four Gospels (Matthew, Mark, Luke, John).\p\B2\b a preacher of the gospel.\p\B3\b a lay person doing missionary work.
<hw>evangelistic</hw> \K/I%van(d)Z\F'\n"lIstIk/\k \Iadj.\i \IRelig\i\p\B1\b of or relating to evangelism.\p\B2\b of the four evangelists.
<hw>evangelize</hw> \K/I"van(d)Z(\F'\n)lVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b \IRelig\i\p\B1\b \I(also \Babsol.)\b\i preach the gospel to.\p\B2\b convert (a person) to Christianity. \Bevangelization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bevangelizer\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via ecclesiastical Latin \Ievangelizare\i from Greek \Ieuaggelizomai\i (as \J\Xevangel\x)\j\c
<hw>evaporate</hw> \K/I"vap\F'\nreIt/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i turn from solid or liquid into vapour.\p\B2\b \Iintr. & tr.\i lose or cause to lose moisture as vapour.\p\B3\b \Iintr. & tr.\i disappear or cause to disappear \3(our courage evaporated).\c \Bevaporable\b \Iadj.\i \Bevaporation\b \K/-"reIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bevaporative\b \K/-r\F'\ntIv/\k \Iadj.\i \Bevaporator\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ievaporare\i (as \J\Xe-\x,\j \Ivaporare\i as \J\Xvapour\x)\j\c
<hw>evaporated milk</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IFood\i milk concentrated by partial evaporation.
<hw>evaporite</hw> \K/I"vap\F'\nrVIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeol.\i a natural salt or mineral deposit formed by evaporation of water.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. jan 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xevaporate\x\j + \J\X-ite\x (1)\j\c
<hw>evasion</hw> \K/I"veIZ(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act of evading.\p\B2\b \Ba\b a subterfuge or prevaricating excuse. \Bb\b an evasive answer. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Ievasio -onis\i (as \J\Xevade\x)\j\c
<hw>evasive</hw> \K/I"veIsIv/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b seeking to evade something.\p\B2\b not direct in one's answers etc.\p\B3\b enabling or effecting evasion \3(evasive action).\c\p\B4\b (of a person) tending to evasion; habitually practising evasion. \Bevasively\b \Iadv.\i \Bevasiveness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>eve</hw> \K/i:v/\k\p\In.\i\p\IHorol\i\p\B1\b the evening or day before a church festival or any date or event \3(Christmas Eve;\c \2the eve of the funeral).\c\p\B2\b the time just before anything \3(the eve of the election).\c\p\B3\b \Iarchaic\i evening. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, = \J\Xeven\x (2)\j\c
<hw>evection</hw> \K/I"vEkS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAstron.\i a perturbation of the moon's motion caused by the sun's attraction. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ievectio\i (as \J\Xe-\x,\j \Ivehere vect-\i 'carry')\c
<hw>even (1)</hw> \K/"i:v(\F'\n)n/\k \Iadj., adv., & v.\i \Iadj.\i \B(evener,\b \Bevenest)\b\p\B1\b level; flat and smooth.\p\B2\b \Ba\b uniform in quality; constant. \Bb\b equal in number, amount, value, score, etc. \Bc\b equally balanced.\p\B3\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bwith)\b\i in the same plane or line.\p\B4\b (of a person's temper etc.) equable, calm.\p\B5\b \Ba\b (of a number such as 4, 6) divisible by two without a remainder. \Bb\b bearing such a number \3(no parking on even dates).\c \Bc\b not involving fractions; exact \3(in even dozens).\c \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b used to invite comparison of the stated assertion, negation, etc., with an implied one that is less strong or remarkable \3(never even opened [let alone read] the letter;\c \2does he even suspect [not to say realize] the danger?;\c \2ran even faster [not just as fast as before];\c \2even if my watch is right we shall be late [later if it is slow]).\c\p\B2\b used to introduce an extreme case \3(even you must realize it;\c \2it might even cost ú100).\c\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr. & intr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bup\b or \Bout)\b\i make or become even.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i \Iarchaic\i treat as equal or comparable.\p\1even as\c at the very moment that.\p\1even now\c\p\B1\b now as well as before.\p\B2\b at this very moment.\p\1even so\c\p\B1\b notwithstanding that; nevertheless.\p\B2\b quite so.\p\B3\b in that case as well as in others.\p\1even though\c despite the fact that.\Keven though new f. POD8 Oct 93\k\p\1get (or be) even with\c have one's revenge on.\p\1of even date\c \ILaw\i & \ICommerce\i of the same date.\p\1on an even keel\c\p\B1\b (of a ship or aircraft) not listing.\p\B2\b (of a plan or person) untroubled. \Bevenly\b \Iadv.\i \Bevenness\b \K/"i:v(\F'\n)nnIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iefen,\i \Iefne\i\c
<hw>even (2)</hw> \K/"i:v(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Ipoet.\i evening. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iµfen\i\c
<hw>even break</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Icolloq.\i an equal chance.
<hw>even chance</hw>\p\In.\i\pan equal chance of success or failure.
<hw>evening</hw> \K/"i:v(\F'\n)nIN/\k \In. & int.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the end part of the day, esp. from about 6 p.m., or sunset if earlier, to bedtime \3(this evening;\c \2during the evening;\c \2evening meal).\c\p\B2\b this time spent in a particular way \3(had a lively evening).\c\p\B3\b a time compared with this, esp. the last part of a person's life. \Iint.\i \Icolloq.\i = \Igood evening\i (see \J\Xgood\x \Iadj.\i 14).\j \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iµfnung,\i related to \J\Xeven\x (2)\j\c
<hw>evening dress</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IClothing\i formal dress for evening wear.
<hw>evening primrose</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i any plant of the genus \IOenothera\i with pale yellow flowers that open in the evening, and from whose seeds an oil is extracted for medicinal use.
<hw>evening star</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAstron\i a planet, esp. Venus, when visible in the west after sunset.
<hw>even money</hw> \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\IGambling\i betting odds offering the gambler the chance of winning the amount he or she staked. \Iadj.\i equally likely to happen or not \3(it's even money he'll fail to arrive).\c
<hw>evensong</hw> \K/"i:v(\F'\n)nsQN/\k\p\In.\i\p\IEccl\i a service of evening prayer, esp. that of Anglican churches. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xeven\x (2)\j + \J\Xsong\x\j\c
<hw>event</hw> \K/I"vEnt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a thing that happens or takes place, esp. one of importance.\p\B2\b \Ba\b the fact of a thing's occurring. \Bb\b a result or outcome.\p\B3\b \ISport\i an item in a sports programme, or the programme as a whole.\p\B4\b \IPhysics\i a single occurrence of a process, e.g. the ionization of one atom.\p\B5\b \IGambling\i something on the result of which money is staked.\p\1at all events\c (or \Bin any event)\b whatever happens.\p\1in the event\c as it turns (or turned) out.\p\1in the event of\c if (a specified thing) happens \3(in the event of his death;\c \2in the event of our losing).\c\p\1in the event that\c \Idisp.\i if it happens that. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ieventus\i from \Ievenire event-\i 'happen' (as \J\Xe-\x,\j \Ivenire\i 'come')\c \IIn the event that\i is considered awkward by some people. It can usually be avoided by rephrasing, e.g. \Iin the event that it rains\i can be replaced by \Iin the event of rain.\i
<hw>even-tempered</hw> \Iadj.\i not easily annoyed or angered; equable.\Knew f. corpus Oct 93\k
<hw>eventer</hw> \K/I"vEnt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IRiding\i a horse or rider who takes part in horse trials.\KNew f. NSOED Oct 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xevent\x 3\j as in \Ithree day event\i\c
<hw>event horizon</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAstron.\i the gravitational boundary enclosing a black hole, from which no light escapes.
<hw>eventide</hw> \K/i:v(\F'\n)ntVId/\k\p\In.\i\p\Iarchaic\i or \Ipoet.\i = \J\Xevening\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iµfentid\i (as \J\Xeven\x (2),\j \J\Xtide\x)\j\c
<hw>eventide home</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Besp. Brit.\b a home for the elderly, originally one run by the Salvation Army.
<hw>eventing</hw> \K/I"vEntIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ISport Riding\i participation in horse trials, esp. cross-country, dressage, and showjumping. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xevent\x 3\j as in \Ithree-day event\i\c
<hw>eventless</hw> \K/I"vEntlIs/\k \Iadj.\i without noteworthy or remarkable events.\Keventlessly omitted Oct 93\k
<hw>eventual</hw> \K/I"vEn(t)SU\F'\nl/\k \Iadj.\i occurring or existing in due course or at last; ultimate. \Beventually\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3as \J\Xevent\x,\j on the pattern of \Iactual\i\c
<hw>eventuality</hw> \K/I%vEn(t)SU"alIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b a possible event or outcome.
<hw>eventuate</hw> \K/I"vEn(t)SUeIt/\k \Iv.intr.\i \Iformal\i\p\B1\b turn out in a specified way as the result.\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Bin)\b\i result. \Beventuation\b \K/-"eIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3as \J\Xevent\x,\j on the pattern of \Iactuate\i\c
<hw>ever</hw> \K/"Ev\F'\n/\k \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b at all times; always \3(ever hopeful;\c \2ever after).\c\p\B2\b at any time \3(have you ever been to Paris?;\c \2nothing ever happens;\c \2as good as ever).\c\p\B3\b as an emphatic word: \Ba\b in any way; at all \3(how ever did you do it?;\c \2when will they ever learn?).\c \Bb\b \I(prec. by \Bas)\b\i in any manner possible \3(be as quick as ever you can).\c\p\B4\b \I(often in \Bcomb.)\b\i constantly \3(ever-present;\c \2ever-recurring).\c\p\B5\b \I(foll. by \Bso,\b \Bsuch)\b\i \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i very; very much \3(is ever so easy;\c \2was ever such a nice man;\c \2thanks ever so).\c\p\B6\b \I(foll. by \Bcompar.)\b\i constantly, continually; increasingly \3(grew ever larger;\c \2ever more sophisticated).\c\p\1did you ever?\c \Icolloq.\i did you ever hear or see the like?\p\1ever since\c throughout the period since.\p\1for ever\c\p\B1\b for all future time.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i for a long time \I(cf.\i \J\Xforever\x).\j \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iµfre\i\c When \Iever\i is used with a question word for emphasis it is written separately (see sense 3). When used with a relative pronoun or adverb to give it indefinite or general force, \Iever\i is written as one word with the relative pronoun or adverb, e.g. \IHowever it's done, it's difficult.\i
<hw>evergreen</hw> \K/"Ev\F'\ngri:n/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b always green or fresh.\p\B2\b \IBot\i (of a plant) retaining green leaves throughout the year.\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i an evergreen plant \I(cf.\i \J\Xdeciduous\x).\j
<hw>everlasting</hw> \K/Ev\F'\n"lA:stIN/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b lasting for ever.\p\B2\b lasting for a long time, esp. so as to become unwelcome.\p\B3\b \IBot\i (of flowers) keeping their shape and colour when dried.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b eternity.\p\B2\b \IBot\i = \J\Ximmortelle\x.\j \Beverlastingly\b \Iadv.\i \Beverlastingness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>evermore</hw> \K/Ev\F'\n"mO:/\k \Iadv.\i for ever; always.
<hw>evert</hw> \K/I"v\F'\n:t/\k \Iv.tr.\i \IPhysiol.\i turn (an organ etc.) outwards or inside out. \Beversion\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ievertere\i (as \J\Xe-\x,\j \Ivertere vers-\i 'turn')\c
<hw>every</hw> \K/"Evri/\k \Idet.\i\p\B1\b each without exception in a group or collection of things or people \3(heard every word;\c \2watched her every movement).\c\p\B2\b each at a specified interval in a series \3(take every third one;\c \2comes every four days).\c\p\B3\b all possible; the utmost degree of \3(there is every prospect of success).\c\p\1every bit as\c \Icolloq.\i (in comparisons) quite as \3(every bit as good).\c\p\1every now and again\c (or \Bnow and then)\b from time to time.\p\1every other\c each second in a series \3(every other day).\c\p\1every so often\c at intervals; occasionally.\p\1every time\c \Icolloq.\i\p\B1\b without exception.\p\B2\b certainly.\p\1every which way\c \BN. Amer.\b \Icolloq.\i\p\B1\b in all directions.\p\B2\b in a disorderly manner. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iµfre µlc\i 'ever each'\c
<hw>everybody</hw> \K/"EvrIbQdi/\k \Ipron.\i every person.
<hw>everyday</hw> \K/"EvrIdeI/, /-"deI/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b occurring every day.\p\B2\b suitable for or used on ordinary days.\p\B3\b commonplace, usual.
<hw>Everyman</hw> \K/"EvrIman/\k\p\In.\i\pthe ordinary or typical human being. \BEtymology:\b \3the name of the principal character in a 15th-c. morality play\c
<hw>everyone</hw> \K/"EvrIwVn/\k \Ipron.\i every person; everybody.
<hw>every one</hw>\p\In.\i\peach one (see also \J\Xeveryone\x).\j
<hw>everything</hw> \K/"EvrITIN/\k \Ipron.\i\p\B1\b all things; all the things of a group or class.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i \Ba\b a great deal \3(he owes her everything).\c \Bb\b the essential consideration \3(speed is everything).\c\p\1have everything\c \Icolloq.\i possess every attraction, advantage, etc.
<hw>everywhere</hw> \K/"EvrIwE:/\k \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b in every place.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i in many places.
<hw>evict</hw> \K/I"vIkt/\k \Iv.tr.\i \ILaw\i expel (a tenant) from a property by legal process. \Beviction\b\p\In.\i\p\Bevictor\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ievincere evict-\i (as \J\Xe-\x,\j \Ivincere\i 'conquer')\c
<hw>evidence</hw> \K/"EvId(\F'\n)ns/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bfor,\b \Bof)\b\i the available facts, circumstances, etc. supporting or otherwise a belief, proposition, etc., or indicating whether or not a thing is true or valid.\p\B2\b \ILaw\i \Ba\b information given personally or drawn from a document etc. and tending to prove a fact or proposition. \Bb\b statements or proofs admissible as testimony in a law court.\p\B3\b clearness, obviousness. \Iv.tr.\i be evidence of; attest.\p\1call in evidence\c \ILaw\i summon (a person) as a witness.\p\1in evidence\c noticeable, conspicuous. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Ievidentia\i (as \J\Xevident\x)\j\c
<hw>evident</hw> \K/"EvId(\F'\n)nt/\k \Iadj.\i plain or obvious (visually or intellectually); manifest.\Kevidently densted Jun 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ievident\i or Latin \Ievidere evident-\i (as \J\Xe-\x,\j \Ividere\i 'see')\c
<hw>evidential</hw> \K/EvI"dEnS(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \ILaw etc.\i of or providing evidence. \Bevidentially\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>evidently</hw> \K/"EvId(\F'\n)ntli/\k \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b plainly, obviously.\p\B2\b (qualifying a whole sentence) it is plain that; it would seem that \3(evidently, we're too late).\c\p\B3\b (said in reply) so it appears.\Ksense 3 new f. OERD Jun 94\k\Kreinstated Jun 94\k
<hw>evil</hw> \K/"i:v(\F'\n)l/, /-vIl/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b morally bad; wicked.\p\B2\b harmful or tending to harm, esp. intentionally or characteristically.\p\B3\b disagreeable or unpleasant \3(has an evil temper).\c\p\B4\b unlucky; causing misfortune \3(evil days).\c\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an evil thing; an instance of something evil.\p\B2\b evil quality; wickedness, harm.\p\1speak evil of\c slander. \Bevilly\b \Iadv.\i \Bevilness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iyfel,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>evildoer</hw> \K/"i:v(\F'\n)ldu:\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pa person who does evil. \Bevildoing\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>evil eye</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ISpiritualism\i a gaze or stare superstitiously believed to be able to cause material harm.
<hw>evince</hw> \K/I"vIns/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b indicate or make evident.\p\B2\b show that one has (a quality). \Bevincible\b \Iadj.\i \Bevincive\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ievincere:\i see \J\Xevict\x\j\c
<hw>eviscerate</hw> \K/I"vIs\F'\nreIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i \Iformal\i\p\B1\b \IAnat\i disembowel.\p\B2\b empty or deprive of essential contents. \Bevisceration\b \K/-"reIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ieviscerare eviscerat-\i (as \J\Xe-\x,\j \J\Xviscera\x)\j\c
<hw>evocative</hw> \K/I"vQk\F'\ntIv/\k \Iadj.\i tending to evoke (esp. feelings or memories). \Bevocatively\b \Iadv.\i \Bevocativeness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>evolute</hw> \K/"i:v\F'\nlu:t/, /-lju:t/, /"Ev-/\k\p\In.\i\p(in full \Bevolute curve)\b \IMath.\i a curve which is the locus of the centres of curvature of another curve that is its involute. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ievolutus,\i past part. of \Ievolvere\i (as \J\Xevolve\x)\j\c
<hw>evolution</hw> \K/i:v\F'\n"lu:S(\F'\n)n/, /-"lju:-/, /"Ev-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b gradual development, esp. from a simple to a more complex form.\p\B2\b \IAnthropol Biol\i a process by which species develop from earlier forms, as an explanation of their origins.\p\B3\b the appearance or presentation of events etc. in due succession \3(the evolution of the plot).\c\p\B4\b \IMil\i a change in the disposition of troops or ships.\p\B5\b \IChem\i the giving off or evolving of gas, heat, etc.\p\B6\b an opening out.\p\B7\b the unfolding of a curve.\p\B8\b \IMath.\i the extraction of a root from any given power \I(cf.\i \J\Xinvolution\x 6).\j \Bevolutional\b \Iadj.\i \Bevolutionally\b \Iadv.\i \Bevolutionary\b \Iadj.\i \Bevolutionarily\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ievolutio\i 'unrolling' (as \J\Xevolve\x)\j\c
<hw>evolutionist</hw> \K/i:v\F'\n"lu:S(\F'\n)nIst/, /-"lju:-/, /E-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnthropol Biol\i a person who believes in evolution as explaining the origin of species. \Bevolutionism\b\p\In.\i\p\Bevolutionistic\b \K/-"nIstIk/\k \Iadj.\i
<hw>evolve</hw> \K/I"vQlv/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr. & tr.\i develop gradually by a natural process.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i work out or devise (a theory, plan, etc.).\p\B3\b \Iintr. & tr.\i unfold; open out.\p\B4\b \Itr.\i give off (gas, heat, etc.). \Bevolvable\b \Iadj.\i \Bevolvement\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ievolvere evolut-\i (as \J\Xe-\x,\j \Ivolvere\i 'roll')\c
<hw>evzone</hw> \K/"Evz\F'\nUn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i a member of a select Greek infantry regiment. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Greek \Ieuzonos\i from Greek, = dressed for exercise (as \J\Xeu-\x,\j \Izone\i 'belt')\c
<hw>ewe</hw> \K/ju:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a female sheep. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ieowu,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>ewe lamb</hw>\p\In.\i\pa person's most cherished possession (2 Sam. 12).
<hw>ewe-necked</hw> \Iadj.\i (of a horse) having a thin concave neck.\Kewe-necked new as hwd. Oct 93\k
<hw>ewer</hw> \K/"ju:\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pa large pitcher or water jug with a wide mouth. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old Northern French \Ieviere,\i Old French \Iaiguiere,\i ultimately via Latin \Iaquarius\i 'of water' from \Iaqua\i 'water'\c
<hw>ex (1)</hw> \K/Eks/\k \Iprep.\i\p\B1\b \ICommerce\i (of goods) sold from \3(ex-works).\c\p\B2\b \IStock Exch\i (of stocks or shares) without, excluding. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = out of\c
<hw>ex (2)</hw> \K/Eks/\k\p\In.\i\p\Icolloq.\i a former husband or wife. \BEtymology:\b \3absol. use of \J\Xex-\x (1) 2\j\c
<hw>ex- (1)</hw> \K/Eks/\k \Iprefix\i (also \Be-\b before some consonants, \Bef-\b before \If)\i\p\B1\b forming verbs meaning: \Ba\b out, forth \3(exclude;\c \2exit).\c \Bb\b upward \3(extol).\c \Bc\b thoroughly \3(excruciate).\c \Bd\b bring into a state \3(exasperate).\c \Be\b remove or free from \3(expatriate;\c \2exonerate).\c\p\B2\b forming nouns from titles of office, status, etc., meaning 'formerly' \3(ex-convict;\c \2ex-president;\c \2ex-wife).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, from \Iex\i 'out of'\c
<hw>ex- (2)</hw> \K/Eks/\k \Iprefix\i out \3(exodus).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Greek, from \Iex\i 'out of'\c
<hw>exa-</hw> \K/"Eks\F'\n/\k \Icomb. form\i \IMath\i denoting a factor of 1018. \BEtymology:\b \3perhaps from \J\Xhexa-\x\j\c
<hw>exact</hw> \K/Ig"zakt/, /Eg-/\k \Iadj. & v.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b accurate; correct in all details \3(an exact description).\c\p\B2\b \Ba\b precise. \Bb\b (of a person) tending to precision. \Iv.tr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bfrom,\b \Bof)\b\i\p\B1\b demand and enforce payment of (money, fees, etc.) from a person.\p\B2\b \Ba\b demand; insist on. \Bb\b (of circumstances) require urgently. \Bexactable\b \Iadj.\i \Bexactitude\b\p\In.\i\p\Bexactness\b\p\In.\i\p\Bexactor\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iexigere exact-\i (as \J\Xex-\x (1),\j \Iagere\i 'drive')\c
<hw>exacting</hw> \K/Ig"zaktIN/, /Eg-/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b making great demands.\p\B2\b calling for much effort. \Bexactingly\b \Iadv.\i \Bexactingness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>exaction</hw> \K/Ig"zakS(\F'\n)n/, /Eg-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or an instance of exacting; the process of being exacted.\p\B2\b \Ba\b an illegal or exorbitant demand; an extortion. \Bb\b a sum or thing exacted. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Iexactio\i (as \J\Xexact\x)\j\c
<hw>exactly</hw> \K/Ig"zak(t)li/, /Eg-/\k \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b accurately, precisely; in an exact manner \3(worked it out exactly).\c\p\B2\b in exact terms \3(exactly when did it happen?).\c\p\B3\b (said in reply) quite so; I quite agree.\p\1not exactly\c \Icolloq.\i\p\B1\b by no means.\p\B2\b not precisely.
<hw>exact science</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ISci\i a science admitting of absolute or quantitative precision.
<hw>exaggerate</hw> \K/Ig"zadZ\F'\nreIt/, /Eg-/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \I(also \Babsol.)\b\i give an impression of (a thing), esp. in speech or writing, that makes it seem larger or greater etc. than it really is.\p\B2\b enlarge or alter beyond normal or due proportions \3(spoke with exaggerated politeness).\c \Bexaggeratedly\b \Iadv.\i \Bexaggeratingly\b \Iadv.\i \Bexaggeration\b \K/-"reIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bexaggerative\b \K/-r\F'\ntIv/\k \Iadj.\i \Bexaggerator\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iexaggerare\i (as \J\Xex-\x (1),\j \Iaggerare\i 'heap up' from \Iagger\i 'heap')\c
<hw>exalt</hw> \K/Ig"zO:lt/, /Eg-/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b raise in rank or power etc.\p\B2\b praise highly.\p\B3\b (usu. as \Bexalted\b \Iadj.)\i make lofty or noble \3(exalted aims;\c \2an exalted style).\c \Bexaltedly\b \Iadv.\i \Bexaltedness\b\p\In.\i\p\Kexalter omitted f. COD9 Oct 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Iexaltare\i (as \J\Xex-\x (1),\j \Ialtus\i 'high')\c
<hw>exaltation</hw> \K/EgzO:l"teIS(\F'\n)n/, /Eks-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or an instance of exalting; the state of being exalted.\p\B2\b elation; rapturous emotion. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iexaltation\i or Late Latin \Iexaltatio\i (as \J\Xexalt\x)\j\c
<hw>examination</hw> \K/Ig%zamI"neIS(\F'\n)n/, /Eg-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or an instance of examining; the state of being examined.\p\B2\b a detailed inspection.\p\B3\b \Ba\b \IEducation\i the testing of the proficiency or knowledge of students or other candidates for a qualification by oral or written questions. \Bb\b a test of this kind.\p\B4\b \IMed\i an instance of examining or being examined medically.\p\B5\b \ILaw\i the formal questioning of the accused or of a witness in court.\Ksense 3b (countable) new Oct 93\k \Bexaminational\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Iexaminatio -onis\i (as \J\Xexamine\x)\j\c
<hw>examination paper</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IEducation\i\p\B1\b the printed questions in an examination.\p\B2\b a candidate's set of answers.
<hw>examine</hw> \K/Ig"zamIn/, /Eg-/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i enquire into the nature or condition etc. of.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i look closely or analytically at.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i test the proficiency of, esp. by examination (see \J\Xexamination\x 3a).\j\p\B4\b \Itr.\i \IMed\i check the health of (a patient) by inspection or experiment.\p\B5\b \Itr.\i \ILaw\i formally question (the accused or a witness) in court.\p\B6\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Binto)\b\i inquire. \Bexaminable\b \Iadj.\i \Bexaminee\b \K/-"ni:/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bexaminer\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iexaminer\i from Latin \Iexaminare\i 'weigh, test', from \Iexamen\i 'tongue of a balance', ultimately from \Iexigere\i 'examine, weigh': see \J\Xexact\x\j\c
<hw>example</hw> \K/Ig"zA:mp(\F'\n)l/, /Eg-/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a thing characteristic of its kind or illustrating a general rule.\p\B2\b a person, thing, or piece of conduct, regarded in terms of its fitness to be imitated or likelihood of being imitated \3(must set him an example;\c \2you are a bad example).\c\p\B3\b a circumstance or treatment seen as a warning to others; a person so treated \3(shall make an example of you).\c\p\B4\b a problem or exercise designed to illustrate a rule. \Iv.tr.\i \I(usu. in \Bpassive)\b\i serve as an example of.\p\1for example\c by way of illustration. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Iexemplum\i (as \J\Xexempt\x)\j\c
\B\Iex ante\b\i \K/Eks "anti/\k \Iadj.\i \IEcon.\i based on expected results, forecast \I(cf.\i \J\Xex post\x).\j \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin, = 'from before'\c\KNew f. NEWS Oct 93\k
<hw>exanthema</hw> \K/Ik"sanTIm\F'\n/, /Eksan"Ti:m\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed.\i a skin rash accompanying any eruptive disease or fever. \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin from Greek \Iexanthema\i 'eruption', from \Iexantheo\i (as \J\Xex-\x (2),\j \Ianthos\i 'blossom')\c
<hw>exarch</hw> \K/"EksA:k/\k\p\In.\i\p\IEccl\i in the Orthodox Church, a bishop lower in rank than a patriarch and having jurisdiction wider than the metropolitan of a diocese. \Bexarchate\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3ecclesiastical Latin from Greek \Iexarkhos\i (as \J\Xex-\x (2),\j \Iarkhos\i 'ruler')\c
<hw>exasperate</hw> \K/Ig"zasp(\F'\n)reIt/, /Eg-/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b (often as \Bexasperated\b \Iadj.\i or \Bexasperating\b \Iadj.)\i irritate intensely; infuriate.\p\B2\b make (a pain, ill feeling, etc.) worse. \Bexasperatedly\b \Iadv.\i \Bexasperatingly\b \Iadv.\i \Bexasperation\b \K/-"reIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iexasperare exasperat-\i (as \J\Xex-\x (1),\j \Iasper\i 'rough')\c
\B\Iex cathedra\b\i \K/Eks k\F'\n"Ti:dr\F'\n/\k \Iadj. & adv.\i \IEccl\i with full authority (esp. of a papal pronouncement, implying infallibility as doctrinally defined). \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = from the (teacher's) chair\c
<hw>excavate</hw> \K/"Eksk\F'\nveIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b make (a hole or channel) by digging. \Bb\b dig out material from (the ground).\p\B2\b reveal or extract by digging.\p\B3\b \I(also \Babsol.)\b\i \IArchaeol.\i dig systematically into the ground to explore (a site). \Bexcavation\b \K/-"veIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bexcavator\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iexcavare\i (as \J\Xex-\x (1),\j \Icavus\i 'hollow')\c
<hw>exceed</hw> \K/Ik"si:d/, /Ek-/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bby\b an amount)\i be more or greater than (in number, extent, etc.).\p\B2\b go beyond or do more than is warranted by (a set limit, esp. of one's instructions or rights).\p\B3\b surpass, excel (a person or achievement). \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iexceder\i from Latin \Iexcedere\i (as \J\Xex-\x (1),\j \Icedere cess-\i 'go')\c
<hw>exceeding</hw> \K/Ik"si:dIN/, /Ek-/\k \Iadj. & adv.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b surpassing in amount or degree.\p\B2\b pre-eminent. \Iadv.\i \Iarchaic\i = \J\Xexceedingly\x 2.\j
<hw>exceedingly</hw> \K/Ik"si:dINli/, /Ek-/\k \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b very; to a great extent.\p\B2\b surpassingly, pre-eminently.
<hw>excel</hw> \K/Ik"sEl/, /Ek-/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B(excelled,\b \Bexcelling)\b \I(often foll. by \Bin,\b \Bat)\b\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i be superior to.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i be pre-eminent or the most outstanding \3(excels at games).\c\p\1excel oneself\c surpass one's previous performance. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Iexcellere\i (as \J\Xex-\x (1),\j \Icelsus\i 'lofty')\c
<hw>excellence</hw> \K/"Eks(\F'\n)l(\F'\n)ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the state of excelling; surpassing merit or quality.\p\B2\b the activity etc. in which a person excels. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iexcellence\i or Latin \Iexcellentia\i (as \J\Xexcel\x)\j\c
<hw>Excellency</hw> \K/"Eks(\F'\n)l(\F'\n)nsi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \I(usu. prec. by \BYour,\b \BHis,\b \BHer,\b \BTheir)\b\i \IDiplomacy Polit Eccl\i a title used in addressing or referring to certain high officials, e.g. ambassadors and governors, and (in some countries) senior Church dignitaries. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Iexcellentia\i (as \J\Xexcel\x)\j\c
<hw>excellent</hw> \K/"Eks(\F'\n)l(\F'\n)nt/\k \Iadj.\i extremely good; pre-eminent. \Bexcellently\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French (as \J\Xexcel\x)\j\c
<hw>excelsior</hw> \K/Ek"sElsIO:/\k \Iint. & n.\i \Iint.\i higher, outstanding (esp. as a motto or trade mark).\p\In.\i\p\IFurniture\i softwood shavings used for stuffing, packing, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, comparative of \Iexcelsus\i 'lofty'\c
<hw>excentric</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xeccentric\x\j (in technical senses).
<hw>except</hw> \K/Ik"sEpt/, /Ek-/\k \Iv., prep., & conj.\i \Iv.tr.\i (often as \Bexcepted\b \Iadj.\i placed after object) exclude from a general statement, condition, etc. \3(excepted him from the amnesty;\c \2present company excepted).\c \Iprep.\i \I(often foll. by \Bfor,\b or \Bthat\b + clause)\i not including; other than \3(all failed except him;\c \2all here except for John;\c \2is all right except that it is too long).\c \Iconj.\i \Iarchaic\i unless \3(except he be born again).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Iexcipere except-\i (as \J\Xex-\x (1),\j \Icapere\i 'take')\c
<hw>excepting</hw> \K/Ik"sEptIN/, /Ek-/\k \Iprep. & conj.\i \Iprep.\i = \J\Xexcept\x \Iprep.\i\j \Iconj.\i \Iarchaic\i = \J\Xexcept\x \Iconj.\i\j \IExcepting\i should be used only after \Inot\i and \Ialways;\i otherwise, \Iexcept\i should be used.
<hw>exception</hw> \K/Ik"sEpS(\F'\n)n/, /Ek-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or an instance of excepting; the state of being excepted \3(made an exception in my case).\c\p\B2\b a thing that has been or will be excepted.\p\B3\b an instance that does not follow a rule.\p\1take exception\c \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i object; be resentful (about).\p\1with the exception of\c except; not including. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Iexceptio -onis\i (as \J\Xexcept\x)\j\c
<hw>exceptionable</hw> \K/Ik"sEpS\F'\nn\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/, /Ek-/\k \Iadj.\i open to objection; to which exception may be taken. \Bexceptionably\b \Iadv.\i \IExceptionable\i should not be confused with \Iexceptional.\i Note the difference in meaning between \IHer new book was unexceptionable\i (i.e. it contained nothing that would cause objections) and \IHer new book was unexceptional\i (i.e. it was mediocre).
<hw>exceptional</hw> \K/Ik"sEpS(\F'\n)n(\F'\n)l/, /Ek-/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b forming an exception.\p\B2\b unusual; not typical \3(exceptional circumstances).\c\p\B3\b unusually good; outstanding. \Bexceptionality\b \K/-"nalIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bexceptionally\b \Iadv.\i See Usage Note at \J\Xexceptionable\x.\j
<hw>excerpt</hw> \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\K/"Eks\F'\n:pt/\k a short extract from a book, film, piece of music, etc. \Iv.tr.\i \K/Ik"s\F'\n:pt/, /Ek-/\k \I(also \Babsol.)\b\i\p\B1\b take an excerpt or excerpts from (a book etc.).\p\B2\b take (an extract) from a book etc. \Bexcerptible\b \K/-"s\F'\n:ptIb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Bexcerption\b \K/-"s\F'\n:pS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iexcerpere excerpt-\i (as \J\Xex-\x (1),\j \Icarpere\i 'pluck')\c
<hw>excess</hw> \K/Ik"sEs/, /Ek-/, /"EksEs/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the state or an instance of exceeding.\p\B2\b the amount by which one quantity or number exceeds another.\p\B3\b exceeding of a proper or permitted limit.\p\B4\b \Ba\b the overstepping of the accepted limits of moderation, esp. intemperance in eating or drinking. \Bb\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i outrageous or immoderate behaviour.\p\B5\b an extreme or improper degree or extent \3(an excess of cruelty).\c\p\B6\b \BBrit.\b \IInsurance\i part of an insurance claim to be paid by the insured, esp. by prior agreement. \Iattrib.adj.\i \Kusu. /"EksEs/\k\p\B1\b that exceeds a limited or prescribed amount \3(excess weight).\c\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b required as extra payment \3(excess postage).\c\p\1in (or to) excess\c exceeding the proper amount or degree.\p\1in excess of\c more than; exceeding. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iexces\i from Latin \Iexcessus\i (as \J\Xexceed\x)\j\c
<hw>excess baggage</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bexcess luggage)\b \ITransport\i baggage exceeding a weight allowance and liable to an extra charge.
<hw>excessive</hw> \K/Ik"sEsIv/, /Ek-/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b too much or too great.\p\B2\b more than what is normal or necessary. \Bexcessively\b \Iadv.\i \Bexcessiveness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>exchange</hw> \K/Iks"tSeIndZ/, /Eks-/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or an instance of giving one thing and receiving another in its place.\p\B2\b \ICommerce\i \Ba\b the giving of money for its equivalent in the money of the same or esp. another country. \Bb\b the fee or percentage charged for this.\p\B3\b \ITelephony\i a place or installation containing the apparatus for connecting telephone calls.\p\B4\b \ICommerce\i a place where merchants, bankers, etc. gather to transact business.\p\B5\b \Ba\b an office where certain information is given or a service provided, usu. involving two parties. \Bb\b an employment office.\p\B6\b \ICommerce Econ\i a system of settling debts between persons (esp. in different countries) without the use of money, by bills of exchange (see \J\Xbill of exchange\x).\j\p\B7\b \Ba\b a short conversation, esp. a disagreement or quarrel. \Bb\b a sequence of letters between correspondents.\p\B8\b \IChess\i the capture of one piece by each player in immediate succession.\p\B9\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i forming part of an exchange, e.g. of personnel between institutions \3(an exchange student).\c\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bfor)\b\i give or receive (one thing) in place of another.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i give and receive as equivalents (e.g. things or people, blows, information, etc.); give one and receive another of.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i make an exchange.\p\1in exchange\c \I(often foll. by \Bfor)\b\i as a thing exchanged (for). \Bexchangeable\b \Iadj.\i \Bexchangeability\b \K/-"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bexchanger\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ieschangier\i from Romanic (as \J\Xex-\x (1),\j \J\Xchange\x)\j\c
<hw>exchange rate</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce Econ\i the value of one currency in terms of another.
<hw>exchequer</hw> \K/Iks"tSEk\F'\n/, /Eks-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b \IEcon Polit\i the former government department in charge of national revenue.\p\B2\b \IEcon\i a royal or national treasury.\p\B3\b the money of a private individual or group. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Anglo-French \Iescheker,\i Old French \Ieschequier\i from medieval Latin \Iscaccarium\i 'chessboard' (its original sense, with reference to keeping accounts on a chequered cloth)\c With reference to sense 1, the functions of this department now belong to the Treasury, although the name formally survives, esp. in the title \IChancellor of the Exchequer.\i
<hw>excimer</hw> \K/"EksIm\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i & \IPhysics\i a dimer existing only in an excited state, used in some lasers.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Jan 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3\Iexcited\i + \J\Xdimer\x\j\c
<hw>excise (1)</hw> \K/"EksVIz/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a duty or tax levied on goods and commodities produced or sold within the country of origin. \Bb\b a tax levied on certain licences.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b a former government office collecting excise (now the \IBoard of Customs and Excise).\i \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b charge excise on (goods).\p\B2\b force (a person) to pay excise. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle Dutch \Iexcijs,\i \Iaccijs,\i perhaps from Romanic: related to \J\Xcensus\x\j\c
<hw>excise (2)</hw> \K/Ik"sVIz/, /Ek-/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b remove (a passage of a book etc.).\p\B2\b \ISurgery\i cut out (an organ etc.) by surgery. \Bexcision\b \K/Ik"sIZ(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iexcidere excis-\i (as \J\Xex-\x (1),\j \Icaedere\i 'cut')\c
<hw>exciseman</hw> \K/"EksVIzm\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-men)\b \BBrit.\b \ICommerce\i \Ihist.\i an officer responsible for collecting excise duty.
<hw>excitable</hw> \K/Ik"sVIt\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/, /Ek-/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b (esp. of a person) easily excited.\p\B2\b \IPhysiol\i (of an organism, tissue, etc.) responding to a stimulus, or susceptible to stimulation. \Bexcitability\b \K/-"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bexcitably\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xexcite\x\j + \J\X-able\x\j\c
<hw>excitation</hw> \K/EksI"teIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the act or an instance of exciting. \Bb\b the state of being excited; excitement.\p\B2\b \IPhysiol\i the action of an organism, tissue, etc., resulting from stimulation.\p\B3\b \IElectr.\i \Ba\b the process of applying current to the winding of an electromagnet to produce a magnetic field. \Bb\b the process of applying a signal voltage to the control electrode of an electron tube or the base of a transistor.\p\B4\b \IPhysics\i the process in which an atom etc. acquires a higher energy state.
<hw>excite</hw> \K/Ik"sVIt/, /Ek-/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b rouse the feelings or emotions of (a person). \Bb\b bring into play; rouse up (feelings, faculties, etc.). \Bc\b arouse sexually.\p\B2\b provoke; bring about (an action or active condition).\p\B3\b \IPhysiol\i promote the activity of (an organism, tissue, etc.) by stimulus.\p\B4\b \IElectr.\i \Ba\b cause (a current) to flow in the winding of an electromagnet. \Bb\b supply a signal.\p\B5\b \IPhysics\i \Ba\b cause the emission of (a spectrum). \Bb\b cause (a substance) to emit radiation. \Bc\b put (an atom etc.) into a state of higher energy. \Bexcitant\b \K/"EksIt(\F'\n)nt/, /Ik"sVIt(\F'\n)nt/, /Ek-/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Bexcitative\b \K/-t\F'\ntIv/\k \Iadj.\i \Bexcitatory\b \K/-t\F'\nt(\F'\n)ri/\k \Iadj.\i \Bexcitedly\b \Iadv.\i \Bexcitedness\b\p\In.\i\p\Bexcitement\b\p\In.\i\p\Bexciter\b\p\In.\i\p(esp. in senses 4, 5). \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iexciter\i or Latin \Iexcitare,\i frequentative of \Iexciere\i (as \J\Xex-\x (1),\j \Iciere\i 'set in motion')\c
<hw>exciting</hw> \K/Ik"sVItIN/, /Ek-/\k \Iadj.\i arousing great interest or enthusiasm; stirring. \Bexcitingly\b \Iadv.\i \Bexcitingness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>exciton</hw> \K/"EksItQn/, /Ik"sVI-/, /Ek-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i a mobile concentration of energy in a crystal formed by an excited electron and an associated hole. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xexcitation\x\j + \J\X-on\x\j\c
<hw>exclaim</hw> \K/Ik"skleIm/, /Ek-/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i cry out suddenly, esp. in anger, surprise, pain, etc.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \I(foll. by \Bthat)\b\i utter by exclaiming. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iexclamer\i or Latin \Iexclamare\i (as \J\Xex-\x (1):\j cf. \J\Xclaim\x)\j\c
<hw>exclamation</hw> \K/Ekskl\F'\n"meIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or an instance of exclaiming.\p\B2\b words exclaimed; a strong sudden cry. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iexclamation\i or Latin \Iexclamatio\i (as \J\Xexclaim\x)\j\c
<hw>exclamation mark</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b also \Bexclamation point)\b \IGram\i a punctuation mark (!) indicating an exclamation.
<hw>exclamatory</hw> \K/Ik"sklam\F'\nt(\F'\n)ri/, /Ek-/\k \Iadj.\i of or serving as an exclamation.
<hw>exclave</hw> \K/"EkskleIv/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i a portion of territory of one state completely surrounded by territory of another or others, as viewed by the home territory \I(cf.\i \J\Xenclave\x 1).\j \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xex-\x (1)\j + \J\Xenclave\x\j\c
<hw>exclosure</hw> \K/Ik"skl\F'\nUZ\F'\n/, /Ek-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IForestry etc.\i an area from which unwanted animals are excluded. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xex-\x (1)\j + \J\Xenclosure\x\j\c
<hw>exclude</hw> \K/Ik"sklu:d/, /Ek-/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b shut or keep out (a person or thing) from a place, group, privilege, etc.\p\B2\b expel and shut out.\p\B3\b remove from consideration \3(no theory can be excluded).\c\p\B4\b prevent the occurrence of; make impossible \3(excluded all doubt).\c \Bexcludable\b \Iadj.\i \Bexcluder\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Iexcludere exclus-\i (as \J\Xex-\x (1),\j \Iclaudere\i 'shut')\c
<hw>excluded middle</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ILogic\i the principle that of two contradictory propositions one must be true.
<hw>exclusion</hw> \K/Ik"sklu:Z(\F'\n)n/, /Ek-/\k\p\In.\i\pthe act or an instance of excluding; the state of being excluded.\p\1to the exclusion of\c so as to exclude. \Bexclusionary\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iexclusio\i (as \J\Xexclude\x)\j\c
<hw>exclusionist</hw> \K/Ik"sklu:Z(\F'\n)nIst/, /Ek-/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IPolit\i \Iadj.\i favouring exclusion, esp. from rights or privileges.\p\In.\i\pa person favouring exclusion.
<hw>exclusion order</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ILaw\i an official order preventing a person (esp. a suspected terrorist) from entering the UK.
<hw>exclusive</hw> \K/Ik"sklu:sIv/, /Ek-/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b excluding other things.\p\B2\b \I\B(predic.;\b\i \Ifoll. by \Bof)\b\i not including; except for.\p\B3\b tending to exclude others, esp. socially; select.\p\B4\b catering for few or select customers; high-class.\p\B5\b \Ba\b (of a commodity) not obtainable elsewhere. \Bb\b \IJournalism\i (of a newspaper article) not published elsewhere.\p\B6\b \I\B(predic.;\b\i \Ifoll. by \Bto)\b\i restricted or limited to; existing or available only in.\p\B7\b (of terms etc.) excluding all but what is specified.\p\B8\b employed or followed or held to the exclusion of all else \3(my exclusive occupation;\c \2exclusive rights).\c\p\In.\i\p\IJournalism\i an article or story published by only one newspaper or periodical. \Bexclusively\b \Iadv.\i \Bexclusiveness\b\p\In.\i\p\Bexclusivity\b \K/Eksklu:"sIvIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Iexclusivus\i (as \J\Xexclude\x)\j\c
<hw>Exclusive Brethren</hw> \In.pl.\i \IRelig\i a more exclusive section of the Plymouth Brethren.
<hw>exclusivism</hw> \K/Ik"sklu:sIvIz(\F'\n)m/, /Ek-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPolit. Relig.\i a policy or doctrine of (esp. national, racial, or religious) exclusiveness. \Bexclusivist\b \Iadj & n.\i\KNew f. OED, NEWS Oct 93\k
<hw>excommunicate</hw> \Iv., adj., & n.\i \IEccl.\i \Iv.tr.\i \K/Eksk\F'\n"mju:nIkeIt/\k officially exclude (a person) from participation in the sacraments, or from formal communion with the Church. \Iadj.\i \K/Eksk\F'\n"mju:nIk\F'\nt/\k excommunicated.\p\In.\i\p\K/Eksk\F'\n"mju:nIk\F'\nt/\k an excommunicated person. \Bexcommunication\b \K/-"keIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bexcommunicative\b \K/-k\F'\ntIv/\k \Iadj.\i \Bexcommunicator\b\p\In.\i\p\Bexcommunicatory\b \K/-"keIt(\F'\n)ri/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iexcommunicare -atus\i (as \J\Xex-\x (1),\j \Icommunis\i \J\Xcommon\x)\j\c
<hw>ex-con</hw> \K/Eks"kQn/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICriminol\i \Icolloq.\i an ex-convict; a former inmate of a prison. \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation\c
<hw>excoriate</hw> \K/Ik"skO:rIeIt/, /Eks-/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \IMed\i \Ba\b remove part of the skin of (a person etc.) by abrasion. \Bb\b strip or peel off (skin).\p\B2\b censure severely. \Bexcoriation\b \K/-"eIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iexcoriare excoriat-\i (as \J\Xex-\x (1),\j \Icorium\i 'hide')\c
<hw>excrement</hw> \K/"EkskrIm(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(in \Bsing.\b or \Bpl.)\b\i \IPhysiol\i faeces. \Bexcremental\b \K/-"mEnt(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \IexcrΘment\i or Latin \Iexcrementum\i (as \J\Xexcrete\x)\j\c
<hw>excrescence</hw> \K/Ik"skrEs(\F'\n)ns/, /Eks-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IAnat Biol\i an abnormal or morbid outgrowth on the body or a plant.\p\B2\b an ugly addition. \Bexcrescent\b \Iadj.\i \Bexcrescential\b \K/EkskrI"sEnS(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iexcrescentia\i (as \J\Xex-\x (1),\j \Icrescere\i 'grow')\c
<hw>excreta</hw> \K/Ik"skri:t\F'\n/, /Ek-/\k \In.pl.\i \IPhysiol\i waste discharged from the body, esp. faeces and urine. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, neut. pl. of \Iexcernere:\i see \J\Xexcrete\x\j\c
<hw>excrete</hw> \K/Ik"skri:t/, /Ek-/\k \Iv.tr.\i \I(also \Babsol.)\b\i \IPhysiol\i (of an animal or plant) separate and expel (waste matter) as a result of metabolism. \Bexcreter\b\p\In.\i\p\Bexcretion\b\p\In.\i\p\Bexcretive\b \Iadj.\i \Bexcretory\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iexcernere excret-\i (as \J\Xex-\x (1),\j \Icernere\i 'sift')\c
<hw>exculpate</hw> \K/"EkskVlpeIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i \Iformal\i\p\B1\b free from blame.\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bfrom)\b\i clear (a person) of a charge. \Bexculpation\b \K/-"peIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bexculpatory\b \K/Iks"kVlp\F'\nt(\F'\n)ri/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Iexculpare exculpat-\i (as \J\Xex-\x (1),\j \Iculpa\i 'blame')\c
<hw>excursion</hw> \K/Ik"sk\F'\n:S(\F'\n)n/, /Ek-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a short journey for pleasure, with return to the starting point.\p\B2\b a digression.\p\B3\b \IAstron.\i a deviation from a regular path.\p\B4\b \Iarchaic\i a sortie (see \J\Xalarum\x).\j \Bexcursional\b \Iadj.\i \Bexcursionary\b \Iadj.\i \Bexcursionist\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iexcursio\i from \Iexcurrere excurs-\i (as \J\Xex-\x (1),\j \Icurrere\i 'run')\c
<hw>excursus</hw> \K/Ik"sk\F'\n:s\F'\ns/, /Ek-/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bexcursuses\b or same)\p\B1\b a detailed discussion of a special point in a book, usu. in an appendix.\p\B2\b a digression in a narrative. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, verbal noun, formed as \J\Xexcursion\x\j\c
<hw>excuse</hw> \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.tr.\i \K/Ik"skju:z/, /Ek-/\k\p\B1\b attempt to lessen the blame attaching to (a person, act, or fault).\p\B2\b (of a fact or circumstance) serve in mitigation of (a person or act).\p\B3\b obtain exemption for (a person or oneself).\p\B4\b \I(foll. by \Bfrom,\b or with double object)\i release (a person) from a duty etc. \3(excused from supervision duties;\c \2excused him the fee).\c\p\B5\b overlook or forgive (a fault or offence).\p\B6\b \I(foll. by \Bfor)\b\i forgive (a person) for a fault.\p\B7\b not insist upon (what is due).\p\B8\b \Irefl.\i apologize for leaving.\p\In.\i\p\K/Ik"skju:s/, /Ek-/\k\p\B1\b a reason put forward to mitigate or justify an offence, fault, etc.\p\B2\b an apology \3(made my excuses).\c\p\B3\b \I(foll. by \Bfor)\b\i \Icolloq.\i a poor or inadequate example of.\p\1be excused\c be allowed to leave a room etc., e.g. to go to the lavatory.\p\1excuse me\c a polite apology for lack of ceremony, for an interruption etc., or for disagreeing. \Bexcusable\b \K/-"skju:z\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Bexcusably\b \K/-"skju:z\F'\nbli/\k \Iadv.\i \Bexcusatory\b \K/-"skju:z\F'\nt(\F'\n)ri/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iescuser\i from Latin \Iexcusare\i (as \J\Xex-\x (1),\j \Icausa\i '\J\Xcause\x,\j accusation')\c
<hw>excuse-me</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IDancing\i a dance in which dancers may interrupt other pairs to change partners.
<hw>ex-directory</hw> \K/EksdI"rEkt(\F'\n)ri/, /-dVI-/\k \Iadj.\i \BBrit.\b \ITelephony\i not listed in a telephone directory, at the wish of the subscriber; unlisted.
<hw>ex div.</hw> \Iabbr.\i \ICommerce Stock Exch\i ex dividend.
<hw>ex dividend</hw> \K/Eks "dIvIdEnd/\k \Iadj. & adv.\i \ICommerce Stock Exch\i (of stocks or shares) not including the next dividend.
<hw>exeat</hw> \K/"EksIat/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IEducation Eccl\i\p\B1\b a permission from a college or other institution for temporary absence.\p\B2\b a permission granted to a priest by a bishop to move to another diocese. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, 3rd sing. present subjunctive of \Iexire\i 'go out' (as \J\Xex-\x (1),\j \Iire\i 'go')\c
<hw>exec</hw> \K/Ig"zEk/, /Eg-/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i \Icolloq.\i an executive. \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation\c
<hw>execrable</hw> \K/"EksIkr\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i abominable, detestable. \Bexecrably\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Iexecrabilis\i (as \J\Xexecrate\x)\j\c
<hw>execrate</hw> \K/"EksIkreIt/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i express or feel abhorrence for.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i curse (a person or thing).\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i utter curses. \Bexecration\b \K/-"kreIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bexecrative\b \Iadj.\i \Bexecratory\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iexsecrare\i (as \J\Xex-\x (1),\j \Isacrare\i 'devote' from \Isacer\i 'sacred, accursed')\c
<hw>executant</hw> \K/Ig"zEkjUt(\F'\n)nt/, /Eg-/\k\p\In.\i\p\Iformal\i\p\B1\b \IMus\i a performer, esp. of music.\p\B2\b a person who carries something into effect. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IexΘcutant,\i pres. part. of \Iexecuter\i (as \J\Xexecute\x)\j\c
<hw>execute</hw> \K/"EksIkju:t/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \ILaw\i carry out a sentence of death on (a condemned person). \Bb\b \IPolit\i \Ieuphem.\i kill as a political act.\p\B2\b carry into effect, perform (a plan, duty, command, operation, etc.).\p\B3\b \Ba\b carry out a design for (a product of art or skill). \Bb\b perform (a musical composition, dance, etc.).\p\B4\b \ILaw\i make (a legal instrument) valid by signing, sealing, etc.\p\B5\b \ILaw\i put into effect (a judicial sentence, the terms of a will, etc.). \Bexecutable\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iexecuter\i and medieval Latin \Iexecutare\i from Latin \Iexsequi exsecut-\i (as \J\Xex-\x (1),\j \Isequi\i 'follow')\c
<hw>execution</hw> \K/EksI"kju:S(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ILaw\i the carrying out of a sentence of death.\p\B2\b the act or an instance of carrying out or performing something.\p\B3\b \IMus\i technique or style of performance in the arts, esp. music.\p\B4\b \ILaw\i \Ba\b seizure of the property or person of a debtor in default of payment. \Bb\b a judicial writ enforcing a judgement. \Bexecutionary\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Iexecutio -onis\i (as \J\Xexecute\x)\j\c
<hw>executioner</hw> \K/EksI"kju:S(\F'\n)n\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICriminol Law\i an official who carries out a sentence of death.
<hw>executive</hw> \K/Ig"zEkjUtIv/, /Eg-/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ICommerce\i a person or body with managerial or administrative responsibility in a business organization etc.; a senior businessman or businesswoman.\p\B2\b \IPolit Commerce\i a branch of a government or organization concerned with executing laws, agreements, etc., or with other administration or management. \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \ICommerce Polit\i concerned with executing laws, agreements, etc., or with other administration or management.\p\B2\b relating to or having the function of executing. \Bexecutively\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Iexecutivus\i (as \J\Xexecute\x)\j\c
<hw>executive session</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BUS\b \ILaw\i a usu. private meeting of a legislative body for executive business.
<hw>executor</hw> \K/Ig"zEkjUt\F'\n/, /Eg-/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(fem.\i \Bexecutrix\b \K/-trIks/\k) \ILaw\i a person appointed by a testator to carry out the terms of his or her will. \Bexecutorial\b \K/-"tO:rI\F'\nl/\k \Iadj.\i \Bexecutorship\b\p\In.\i\p\Bexecutory\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Anglo-French \Iexecutor,\i \I-our\i from Latin \Iexecutor -oris\i (as \J\Xexecute\x)\j\c
<hw>exegesis</hw> \K/EksI"dZi:sIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bexegeses\b \K/-si:z/\k) \IBibl\i critical explanation of a text, esp. of Scripture. \Bexegete\b \K/"EksIdZi:t/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bexegetic\b \K/-"dZEtIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Bexegetical\b \K/-"dZEtIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Bexegetist\b \K/-"dZi:tIst/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iexegesis\i from \Iexegeomai\i 'interpret' (as \J\Xex-\x (2),\j \Ihegeomai\i 'lead')\c
<hw>exemplar</hw> \K/Ig"zEmpl\F'\n/, /Eg-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a model or pattern.\p\B2\b a typical instance of a class of things.\p\B3\b a parallel instance. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iexemplaire\i from Late Latin \Iexemplarium\i (as \J\Xexample\x)\j\c
<hw>exemplary</hw> \K/Ig"zEmpl\F'\nri/, /Eg-/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b fit to be imitated; outstandingly good.\p\B2\b \Ba\b serving as a warning. \Bb\b \ILaw\i (of damages) exceeding the amount needed for simple compensation.\p\B3\b illustrative, representative. \Bexemplarily\b \Iadv.\i \Bexemplariness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Iexemplaris\i (as \J\Xexample\x)\j\c
<hw>exemplify</hw> \K/Ig"zEmplIfVI/, /Eg-/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(-ies,\b \B-ied)\b\p\B1\b illustrate by example.\p\B2\b be an example of.\p\B3\b \ILaw\i make an attested copy of (a document) under an official seal. \Bexemplification\b \K/-fI"keIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from medieval Latin \Iexemplificare\i (as \J\Xexample\x)\j\c
<hw>exemplum</hw> \K/Ig"zEmpl\F'\nm/, /Eg-/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bexempla\b \K/-pl\F'\n/\k) an example or model, esp. a moralizing or illustrative story. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, from \Ieximere:\i see \J\Xexempt\x\j\c
<hw>exempt</hw> \K/Ig"zEm(p)t/, /Eg-/\k \Iadj., n., & v.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b free from an obligation or liability etc. imposed on others.\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bfrom)\b\i not liable to.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person who is exempt, esp. from payment of tax.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b = \J\Xexon\x.\j \Iv.tr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bfrom)\b\i free from an obligation, esp. one imposed on others. \Bexemption\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Iexemptus,\i past part. of \Ieximere exempt-\i (as \J\Xex-\x (1),\j \Iemere\i 'take'): in sense 2 of the noun, from an earlier sense of an officer exempt from normal duties\c
<hw>exequies</hw> \K/"EksIkwIz/\k \In.pl.\i \IEccl\i \Iformal\i funeral rites. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Iexsequiae\i (as \J\Xex-\x (1),\j \Isequi\i 'follow')\c
<hw>exercise</hw> \K/"Eks\F'\nsVIz/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b activity requiring physical effort, done esp. as training or to sustain or improve health.\p\B2\b mental or spiritual activity, esp. as practice to develop a faculty.\p\B3\b \I(often in \Bpl.)\b\i a particular task or set of tasks devised as exercise, practice in a technique, etc.\p\B4\b \Ba\b the use or application of a mental faculty, right, etc. \Bb\b practice of an ability, quality, etc.\p\B5\b \I(often in \Bpl.)\b\i \IMil\i military drill or manoeuvres.\p\B6\b \I(foll. by \Bin)\b\i a process directed at or concerned with something specified \3(was an exercise in public relations).\c\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i use or apply (a faculty, right, influence, restraint, etc.).\p\B2\b \Itr.\i perform (a function).\p\B3\b \Ba\b \Iintr.\i take (esp. physical) exercise; do exercises. \Bb\b \Itr.\i provide (an animal) with exercise. \Bc\b \Itr.\i train (a person).\p\B4\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b tax the powers of. \Bb\b perplex, worry. \Bexercisable\b \Iadj.\i \Bexerciser\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iexercice\i from Latin \Iexercitium,\i from \Iexercere exercit-\i 'keep at work' (as \J\Xex-\x (1),\j \Iarcere\i 'restrain')\c
<hw>exercise book</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IEducation\i\p\B1\b a book containing exercises.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b a book for writing school work, notes, etc., in.
<hw>exergue</hw> \K/Ik"s\F'\n:g/, /Ek"s\F'\n:g/, /"Eks\F'\n:g/\k\p\In.\i\p\INumismatics\i\p\B1\b a small space usu. on the reverse of a coin or medal, below the principal device.\p\B2\b an inscription on this space. \BEtymology:\b \3French from medieval Latin \Iexergum,\i from Greek \Iex-\i (as \J\Xex-\x (2))\j + \Iergon\i 'work'\c
<hw>exert</hw> \K/Ig"z\F'\n:t/, /Eg-/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b exercise, bring to bear (a quality, force, influence, etc.).\p\B2\b \Irefl.\i \I(often foll. by \Bfor,\b or \Bto\b + infin.)\i use one's efforts or endeavours; strive. \Bexertion\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iexserere exsert-\i 'put forth' (as \J\Xex-\x (1),\j \Iserere\i 'bind')\c
<hw>exeunt</hw> \K/"EksIVnt/\k \Iv.intr.\i \ITheatr\i (as a stage direction) (actors) leave the stage. \B\Iexeunt omnes\b\i all leave the stage. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = they go out: 3rd pl. pres. of \Iexire\i 'go out': see \J\Xexit\x\j\c
<hw>exfoliate</hw> \K/Iks"f\F'\nUlIeIt/, /Eks-/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \IZool\i (of bone, the skin, a mineral, etc.) come off in scales or layers.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b shed (material) in scales or layers. \Bb\b \I(also \Babsol.)\b\i cause (the skin etc.) to shed flakes or scales.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i \IBot\i (of a tree) throw off layers of bark. \Bexfoliation\b \K/-"eIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bexfoliative\b \K/-lI\F'\ntIv/\k \Iadj.\i\Ksense 2 tr. new f. NSOED, file Oct 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Iexfoliare exfoliat-\i (as \J\Xex-\x (1),\j \Ifolium\i 'leaf')\c
<hw>ex gratia</hw> \K/Eks "greIS\F'\n/\k \Iadv. & adj.\i \Iadv.\i as a favour rather than from an (esp. legal) obligation. \Iadj.\i granted on this basis. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = from favour\c
<hw>exhalation</hw> \K/Eks\F'\n"leIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b an expiration of air. \Bb\b a puff of breath.\p\B2\b a mist, vapour.\p\B3\b an emanation or effluvium. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Iexhalatio\i (as \J\Xexhale\x)\j\c
<hw>exhale</hw> \K/Iks"heIl/, /Eks-/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \I(also \Babsol.)\b\i \IAnat\i breathe out (esp. air or smoke) from the lungs.\p\B2\b \Itr. & intr.\i give off or be given off in vapour. \Bexhalable\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iexhaler\i from Latin \Iexhalare\i (as \J\Xex-\x (1),\j \Ihalare\i 'breathe')\c
<hw>exhaust</hw> \K/Ig"zO:st/, /Eg-/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b consume or use up the whole of.\p\B2\b (often as \Bexhausted\b \Iadj.\i or \Bexhausting\b \Iadj.)\i use up the strength or resources of (a person); tire out.\p\B3\b study or expound on (a subject) completely.\p\B4\b \I(often foll. by \Bof)\b\i empty (a container etc.) of its contents.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMech\i \Ba\b waste gases etc. expelled from an engine after combustion. \Bb\b (also \Bexhaust pipe)\b the pipe or system by which these are expelled. \Bc\b the process of expulsion of these gases.\p\B2\b \IPhysics\i \Ba\b the production of an outward current of air by the creation of a partial vacuum. \Bb\b an apparatus for this. \Bexhauster\b\p\In.\i\p\Bexhaustible\b \Iadj.\i \Bexhaustibility\b \K/-"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Kexhaustibly omitted f. COD9 as no evidence Oct 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iexhaurire exhaust-\i (as \J\Xex-\x (1),\j \Ihaurire\i 'draw (water), drain')\c
<hw>exhaustion</hw> \K/Ig"zO:stS(\F'\n)n/, /Eg-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or an instance of draining a thing of a resource or emptying it of contents; the state of being depleted or emptied.\p\B2\b a total loss of strength or vitality.\p\B3\b \ILogic\i the process of establishing a conclusion by eliminating alternatives. \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Iexhaustio\i (as \J\Xexhaust\x)\j\c
<hw>exhaustive</hw> \K/Ig"zO:stIv/, /Eg-/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b thorough, comprehensive.\p\B2\b tending to exhaust a subject. \Bexhaustively\b \Iadv.\i \Bexhaustiveness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>exhibit</hw> \K/Ig"zIbIt/, /Eg-/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.tr.\i \B(exhibited,\b \Bexhibiting)\b\p\B1\b show or reveal publicly (for interest or amusement, in competition, etc.).\p\B2\b \Ba\b show, display. \Bb\b manifest (a quality).\p\B3\b submit for consideration.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a thing or collection of things forming part or all of an exhibition.\p\B2\b \ILaw\i a document or other item or object produced in a law court as evidence. \Bexhibitory\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iexhibere exhibit-\i (as \J\Xex-\x (1),\j \Ihabere\i 'hold')\c
<hw>exhibition</hw> \K/EksI"bIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a display (esp. public) of works of art, industrial products, etc.\p\B2\b the act or an instance of exhibiting; the state of being exhibited.\p\B3\b \BBrit.\b \IEducation\i a scholarship, esp. from the funds of a school, college, etc.\p\1make an exhibition of oneself\c behave so as to appear ridiculous or foolish. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Late Latin \Iexhibitio -onis\i (as \J\Xexhibit\x)\j\c
<hw>exhibitioner</hw> \K/EksI"bIS(\F'\n)n\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IEducation\i a student who has been awarded an exhibition.
<hw>exhibitionism</hw> \K/EksI"bIS(\F'\n)nIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPsychol\i a tendency towards display or extravagant behaviour.\p\B2\b \IPsychol.\i a mental condition characterized by the compulsion to display one's genitals in public. \Bexhibitionist\b\p\In.\i\p\Bexhibitionistic\b \K/-"nIstIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Bexhibitionistically\b \K/-"nIstIk(\F'\n)li/\k \Iadv.\i
<hw>exhibitor</hw> \K/Ig"zIbIt\F'\n/, /Eg-/\k\p\In.\i\pa person who provides an item or items for an exhibition.
<hw>exhilarate</hw> \K/Ig"zIl\F'\nreIt/, /Eg-/\k \Iv.tr.\i (often as \Bexhilarating\b \Iadj.\i or \Bexhilarated\b \Iadj.)\i affect with great liveliness or joy; raise the spirits of. \Bexhilarant\b \Iadj. & n.\i \Bexhilaratingly\b \Iadv.\i \Bexhilaration\b \K/-"reIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bexhilarative\b \K/-r\F'\ntIv/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iexhilarare\i (as \J\Xex-\x (1),\j \Ihilaris\i 'cheerful')\c
<hw>exhort</hw> \K/Ig"zO:t/, /Eg-/\k \Iv.tr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bto\b + infin.)\i urge or advise strongly or earnestly. \Bexhortative\b \K/-t\F'\ntIv/\k \Iadj.\i \Bexhortatory\b \K/-t\F'\nt(\F'\n)ri/\k \Iadj.\i \Bexhorter\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iexhorter\i or Latin \Iexhortari\i (as \J\Xex-\x (1),\j \Ihortari\i 'exhort')\c
<hw>exhortation</hw> \K/EgzO:"teIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or an instance of exhorting; the state of being exhorted.\p\B2\b a formal or liturgical address. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iexhortation\i or Latin \Iexhortatio\i (as \J\Xexhort\x)\j\c
<hw>exhume</hw> \K/Eks"(h)ju:m/, /Ig"zju:m/\k \Iv.tr.\i dig out, unearth (esp. a buried corpse). \Bexhumation\b \K/-"meIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Iexhumer\i from medieval Latin \Iexhumare\i (as \J\Xex-\x (1),\j \Ihumus\i 'ground')\c
\B\Iex hypothesi\b\i \K/Eks hVI"pQT\F'\nsVI/\k \Iadv.\i \IPhilos Logic\i according to the hypothesis proposed. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin\c
<hw>exigency</hw> \K/"EksIdZ(\F'\n)nsi/, /"EgzI-/; /Ig"zIdZ(\F'\n)nsi/, /Eg-/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b (also \Bexigence\b \K/"EksIdZ(\F'\n)ns/, /"EgzI-/\k)\p\B1\b an urgent need or demand.\p\B2\b an emergency. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iexigence\i & Late Latin \Iexigentia\i (as \J\Xexigent\x)\j\c
<hw>exigent</hw> \K/"EksIdZ(\F'\n)nt/, /"EgzI-/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b requiring much; exacting.\p\B2\b urgent, pressing. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Iexigere\i 'enforce payment of': see \J\Xexact\x\j\c
<hw>exiguous</hw> \K/Ig"zIgjU\F'\ns/, /Eg-/\k \Iadj.\i scanty, small. \Bexiguity\b \K/-"gju:Iti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bexiguously\b \Iadv.\i \Bexiguousness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iexiguus\i 'scanty' from \Iexigere\i 'weigh exactly': see \J\Xexact\x\j\c
<hw>exile</hw> \K/"EksVIl/, /"Egz-/\k \In. & v.\i \IPolit\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b expulsion, or the state of being expelled, from one's native land or \B(internal exile)\b native town etc.\p\B2\b long absence abroad, esp. enforced.\p\B3\b a person expelled or long absent from his or her native country.\p\B4\b \B(the Exile)\b the captivity of the Jews in Babylon in the 6th c. bc. \Iv.tr.\i \I(foll. by \Bfrom)\b\i officially expel (a person) from his or her native country or town etc. \Bexilic\b \K/-"sIlIk/, /-"zIlIk/\k \Iadj.\i (esp. in sense 4 of \In.).\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iexil,\i \Iexiler\i from Latin \Iexilium\i 'banishment'\c
<hw>exist</hw> \K/Ig"zIst/, /Eg-/\k \Iv.intr.\i\p\B1\b have a place as part of objective reality.\p\B2\b \Ba\b have being under specified conditions. \Bb\b \I(foll. by \Bas)\b\i exist in the form of.\p\B3\b (of circumstances etc.) occur; be found.\p\B4\b live with no pleasure under adverse conditions \3(felt he was merely existing).\c\p\B5\b continue in being; maintain life \3(can hardly exist on this salary).\c\p\B6\b be alive, live. \BEtymology:\b \3probably a back-formation from \J\Xexistence\x;\j cf. Late Latin \Iexistere\i\c
<hw>existence</hw> \K/Ig"zIst(\F'\n)ns/, /Eg-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the fact or condition of being or existing.\p\B2\b continued being, esp. the manner of one's existing or living under adverse conditions \3(a wretched existence).\c\p\B3\b an existing thing.\p\B4\b all that exists. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iexistence\i or Late Latin \Iexistentia\i from Latin \Iexsistere\i (as \J\Xex-\x (1),\j \Istare\i 'stand')\c
<hw>existential</hw> \K/EgzI"stEnS(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of or relating to existence.\p\B2\b \ILogic\i (of a proposition etc.) affirming or implying the existence of a thing.\p\B3\b \IPhilos.\i concerned with existence, esp. with human existence as viewed by existentialism. \Bexistentially\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Iexistentialis\i (as \J\Xexistence\x)\j\c
<hw>existentialism</hw> \K/EgzI"stEnS(\F'\n)lIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhilos\i a philosophical theory emphasizing the existence of the individual person as a free and responsible agent determining his or her own development. \Bexistentialist\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3German \IExistentialismus\i (as \J\Xexistential\x)\j\c
<hw>exit</hw> \K/"EksIt/, /"EgzIt/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a passage or door by which to leave a room, building, etc.\p\B2\b \Ba\b the act of going out. \Bb\b the right or freedom to go out.\p\B3\b a place where vehicles can leave a motorway or major road.\p\B4\b \ITheatr\i the departure of an actor from the stage.\p\B5\b \Iliterary\i death.\p\Iv.\i\p\B(exited,\b \Bexiting)\b\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i go out of a room, building, etc.\p\B2\b \ITheatr\i \Iintr.\i (as a stage direction) (an actor) leaves the stage \3(exit Macbeth).\c\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i \Iliterary\i die.\p\B4\b \Itr.\i go out of, leave (a place etc.).\p\B5\b \IComputing\i \Ba\b \Iintr.\i terminate a process etc.; return to an earlier or more general level of interaction. \Bb\b \Itr.\i terminate (a process, program, etc.) in this way.\Ksense 4 new f. NSOED, Inc. sense 5 new f. Incs, JHM Oct 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, 3rd sing. present of \Iexire\i 'go out' (as \J\Xex-\x (1),\j \Iire\i 'go'): cf. Latin \Iexitus\i 'going out'\c
<hw>exit permit</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bexit visa\b etc.) \IPolit\i authorization to leave a particular country.
<hw>exit poll</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i a poll of people leaving a polling station, asking how they voted.\KNew f. POD8 Oct 93\k
<hw>ex-libris</hw> \K/Eks"lIbrIs/, /-"li:b-/, /-"lVIb-/, /-"li:bri:s/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i same) \IBibliog\i a usu. decorated bookplate or label bearing the owner's name, pasted into the front of a book. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iex libris\i 'among the books of'\c
\B\Iex nihilo\b\i \K/Eks "nVIhIl\F'\nU/\k \Iadv.\i out of nothing \3(creation ex nihilo).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Latin\c
<hw>exobiology</hw> \K/%Eks\F'\nUbVI"Ql\F'\ndZi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiol\i the branch of science that deals with the possibility of life outside the earth. \Bexobiologist\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>Exocet</hw> \K/"Eks\F'\nsEt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBallistics Mil\i \Ipropr.\i a French-made short-range guided missile used esp. in sea warfare. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iexocet\i 'flying fish'\c
<hw>exocrine</hw> \K/"Eks\F'\n(U)krVIn/, /-krIn/\k \Iadj.\i \IPhysiol\i (of a gland) secreting through a duct \I(cf.\i \J\Xendocrine\x).\j \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xexo-\x\j + Greek \Ikrino\i 'sift'\c
<hw>exodus</hw> \K/"Eks\F'\nd\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a mass departure of people (esp. emigrants).\p\B2\b \B(Exodus)\b \IBibl.\i \Ba\b the departure of the Israelites from Egypt. \Bb\b the book of the Old Testament relating this. \BEtymology:\b \3ecclesiastical Latin from Greek \Iexodos\i (as \J\Xex-\x (2),\j \Ihodos\i 'way')\c
<hw>ex officio</hw> \K/Eks \F'\n"fISI\F'\nU/\k \Iadv. & adj.\i by virtue of one's office or status. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin\c
<hw>exogamy</hw> \K/Ik"sQg\F'\nmi/, /Ek-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IAnthropol.\i marriage of a man outside his own tribe.\p\B2\b \IBiol.\i the fusion of reproductive cells from distantly related or unrelated individuals. \Bexogamous\b \Iadj.\i
<hw>exogenous</hw> \K/Ik"sQdZIn\F'\ns/, /Ek-/\k \Iadj.\i \IBiol.\i growing or originating from outside. \Bexogenously\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>exon</hw> \K/"EksQn/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IMil\i each of the four officers acting as commanders of the Yeomen of the Guard. \BEtymology:\b \3representing French pronunciation of \J\Xexempt\x:\j see sense 2 of the noun\c
<hw>exonerate</hw> \K/Ig"zQn\F'\nreIt/, /Eg-/\k \Iv.tr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bfrom)\b\i\p\B1\b free or declare free from blame etc.\p\B2\b release from a duty etc. \Bexoneration\b \K/-"reIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bexonerative\b \K/-r\F'\ntIv/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iexonerare exonerat-\i (as \J\Xex-\x (1),\j \Ionus,\i \Ioneris\i 'burden')\c
<hw>exophthalmic</hw> \K/EksQf"TalmIk/\k \Iadj.\i \IMed.\i characterized by protruding eyes.\Knew as hwd Sept 94\k
<hw>exophthalmic goitre</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i = \J\XGraves' disease\x.\j\Knew f. OERD Sept 94\k
<hw>exophthalmos</hw> \K/EksQf"TalmQs/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bexophthalmus,\b \Bexophthalmia\b \K/-mI\F'\n/\k) \IMed.\i abnormal protrusion of the eyeball. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from Greek \Iexophthalmos\i 'having prominent eyes' (as \J\Xex-\x (2),\j \Iophthalmos\i 'eye')\c
<hw>exorcize</hw> \K/"EksO:sVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b\p\B1\b expel (a supposed evil spirit) by invocation or by use of a holy name.\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Bof)\b\i free (a person or place) of a supposed evil spirit. \Bexorcism\b\p\In.\i\p\Bexorcist\b\p\In.\i\p\Bexorcization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Iexorciser\i or ecclesiastical Latin \Iexorcizare\i from Greek \Iexorkizo\i (as \J\Xex-\x (2),\j \Ihorkos\i 'oath')\c
<hw>exordium</hw> \K/Ig"zO:dI\F'\nm/, /Eg-/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bexordiums\b or \Bexordia\b \K/-dI\F'\n/\k) the beginning or introductory part, esp. of a discourse or treatise. \Bexordial\b \Iadj.\i\Kexordially omitted f. COD9 as no evidence Oct 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, from \Iexordiri\i (as \J\Xex-\x (1),\j \Iordiri\i 'begin')\c
<hw>exoskeleton</hw> \K/"Eks\F'\nU%skElIt(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool Anat\i a rigid external covering for the body in certain animals, esp. arthropods, providing support and protection. \Bexoskeletal\b \Iadj.\i
<hw>exosphere</hw> \K/"Eks\F'\n(U)sfI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeog\i the layer of atmosphere furthest from the earth.
<hw>exoteric</hw> \K/Eks\F'\n(U)"tErIk/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b (of a doctrine, mode of speech, etc.) intended for, or intelligible to, outsiders.\p\B2\b current among the general public; popular, ordinary.\Knew f. SOED Sept 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Greek \Iexoterikos\i from \Iexotero,\i comparative of \Iexo\i 'outside': cf. \J\Xesoteric\x\j\c
<hw>exothermic</hw> \K/Eks\F'\n(U)"T\F'\n:mIk/\k \Iadj.\i (also \Bexothermal\b \K/-m(\F'\n)l/\k) \Iesp. Chem.\i occurring or formed with the evolution of heat. \Bexothermally\b \Iadv.\i \Bexothermically\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>exotic</hw> \K/Ig"zQtIk/, /Eg-/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b introduced from or originating in a foreign (esp. tropical) country \3(exotic fruits).\c\p\B2\b attractively or remarkably strange or unusual; bizarre.\p\B3\b (of a fuel, metal, etc.) of a kind newly brought into use.\p\In.\i\pan exotic person or thing. \Bexotically\b \Iadv.\i \Bexoticism\b \K/-tIsIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iexoticus\i from Greek \Iexotikos,\i from \Iexo\i 'outside'\c
<hw>exotica</hw> \K/Ig"zQtIk\F'\n/, /Eg-/\k \In.pl.\i remarkably strange or rare objects. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, neut. pl. of \Iexoticus:\i see \J\Xexotic\x\j\c
<hw>exotic dancer</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IDancing\i a striptease dancer.
<hw>exotoxin</hw> \K/"Eks\F'\nUtQksIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed Biol\i a toxin released by a living bacterial cell into its surroundings.\Knew f. OERD May 94\k
<hw>expand</hw> \K/Ik"spand/, /Ek-/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr. & intr.\i increase in size or bulk or importance.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bon)\b\i give a fuller description or account.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i become more genial or effusive; discard one's reserve.\p\B4\b \Itr.\i set or write out in full (something condensed or abbreviated).\p\B5\b \Itr. & intr.\i spread out flat. \Bexpandable\b \Iadj.\i \Bexpander\b\p\In.\i\p\Bexpansible\b \Iadj.\i \Bexpansibility\b \K/-"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Iexpandere expans-\i 'spread out' (as \J\Xex-\x (1),\j \Ipandere\i 'spread')\c
<hw>expanded metal</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMetallurgy\i sheet metal slit and stretched into a mesh, used to reinforce concrete and other brittle materials.
<hw>expanse</hw> \K/Ik"spans/, /Ek-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a wide continuous area or extent of land, space, etc.\p\B2\b an amount of expansion. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \Iexpansum,\i neut. past part. of \Iexpandere\i (as \J\Xexpand\x)\j\c
<hw>expansile</hw> \K/Ik"spansVIl/, /Ek-/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of expansion.\p\B2\b capable of expansion.
<hw>expansion</hw> \K/Ik"spanS(\F'\n)n/, /Ek-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or an instance of expanding; the state of being expanded.\p\B2\b \ICommerce\i enlargement of the scale or scope of (esp. commercial) operations.\p\B3\b \IPolit\i increase in the amount of a state's territory or area of control.\p\B4\b \IPhysics\i an increase in the volume of fuel etc. on combustion in the cylinder of an engine. \Bexpansionary\b \Iadj.\i \Bexpansionism\b\p\In.\i\p\Bexpansionist\b\p\In.\i\p\Bexpansionistic\b \K/-"nIstIk/\k \Iadj.\i (all in senses 2, 3). \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Iexpansio\i (as \J\Xexpand\x)\j\c
<hw>expansion card</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bexpansion board)\b \IComputing\i a circuit board that can be inserted in a computer to give extra facilities.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Jan 94\k
<hw>expansion joint</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBuilding Engin\i a joint that allows for the thermal expansion of the parts joined.\Knew f. OERD Jun 94\k
<hw>expansion slot</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IComputing\i a place in a computer where an expansion card can be added.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Jan 94\k
<hw>expansive</hw> \K/Ik"spansIv/, /Ek-/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b able or tending to expand.\p\B2\b extensive, wide-ranging.\p\B3\b (of a person, feelings, or speech) effusive, open. \Bexpansively\b \Iadv.\i \Bexpansiveness\b\p\In.\i\p\Bexpansivity\b \K/-"sIvIti/\k\p\In.\i\p
\B\Iex parte\b\i \K/Eks "pA:ti/\k \Iadj. & adv.\i \ILaw\i in the interests of one side only or of an interested outside party. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin\c
<hw>expatiate</hw> \K/Ik"speISIeIt/, /Ek-/\k \Iv.intr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bon,\b \Bupon)\b\i speak or write at length or in detail. \Bexpatiation\b \K/-"eIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bexpatiatory\b \K/-SI\F'\nt(\F'\n)ri/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iexspatiari\i 'digress' (as \J\Xex-\x (1),\j \Ispatium\i \J\Xspace\x)\j\c
<hw>expatriate</hw> \Iadj., n., & v.\i \IPolit\i \Iadj.\i \K/Iks"patrI\F'\nt/, /-"peItrI\F'\nt/, /Eks-/\k\p\B1\b living abroad, esp. for a long period.\p\B2\b expelled from one's country; exiled.\p\In.\i\p\K/Iks"patrI\F'\nt/, /-"peItrI\F'\nt/, /Eks-/\k an expatriate person. \Iv.tr.\i \K/Iks"patrIeIt/, /-"peItrIeIt/, /Eks-/\k\p\B1\b expel or remove (a person) from his or her native country.\p\B2\b \Irefl.\i withdraw (oneself) from one's citizenship or allegiance. \Bexpatriation\b \K/-"eIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Iexpatriare\i (as \J\Xex-\x (1),\j \Ipatria\i 'native country')\c
<hw>expect</hw> \K/Ik"spEkt/, /Ek-/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bto\b + infin., or \Bthat\b + clause)\i \Ba\b regard as likely; assume as a future event or occurrence. \Bb\b \I(often foll. by \Bof)\b\i look for as appropriate or one's due (from a person) \3(I expect cooperation;\c \2expect you to be here;\c \2expected better of you).\c\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Bthat\b + clause)\i \Icolloq.\i think, suppose \3(I expect we'll be on time).\c\p\B3\b be shortly to have (a baby) \3(is expecting twins).\c\p\1be expecting\c \Icolloq.\i be pregnant (with). \Bexpectable\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iexspectare\i (as \J\Xex-\x (1),\j \Ispectare\i 'look', frequentative of \Ispecere\i 'see')\c
<hw>expectancy</hw> \K/Ik"spEkt(\F'\n)nsi/, /Ek-/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b a state of expectation.\p\B2\b a prospect, esp. of future possession.\p\B3\b \I(foll. by \Bof)\b\i a prospective chance. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iexspectantia,\i \Iexp-\i (as \J\Xexpect\x)\j\c
<hw>expectant</hw> \K/Ik"spEkt(\F'\n)nt/, /Ek-/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bof)\b\i expecting.\p\B2\b having the expectation of possession, status, etc.\p\B3\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i expecting a baby (said of the mother or father).\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person who expects.\p\B2\b a candidate for office etc. \Bexpectantly\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>expectation</hw> \K/EkspEk"teIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or an instance of expecting or looking forward.\p\B2\b something expected or hoped for.\p\B3\b \I(foll. by \Bof)\b\i the probability of an event.\p\B4\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i one's prospects of inheritance. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iexpectatio\i (as \J\Xexpect\x)\j\c
<hw>expectorant</hw> \K/Ik"spEkt(\F'\n)r(\F'\n)nt/, /Ek-/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i causing the coughing out of phlegm etc.\p\In.\i\p\IPharm\i an expectorant medicine.
<hw>expectorate</hw> \K/Ik"spEkt\F'\nreIt/, /Ek-/\k \Iv.tr.\i \I(also \Babsol.)\b\i cough or spit out (phlegm etc.) from the throat or lungs. \Bexpectoration\b \K/-"reIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bexpectorator\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iexpectorare expectorat-\i (as \J\Xex-\x (1),\j \Ipectus -oris\i 'breast')\c
<hw>expedient</hw> \K/Ik"spi:dI\F'\nnt/, /Ek-/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b advantageous; advisable on practical rather than moral grounds.\p\B2\b suitable, appropriate.\p\In.\i\pa means of attaining an end; a resource. \Bexpedience\b\p\In.\i\p\Bexpediency\b\p\In.\i\p\Bexpediently\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Iexpedire:\i see \J\Xexpedite\x\j\c
<hw>expedite</hw> \K/"EkspIdVIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b assist the progress of; hasten (an action, process, etc.).\p\B2\b accomplish (business) quickly. \Bexpediter\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iexpedire expedit-\i 'extricate (originally 'free the feet'), put in order' (as \J\Xex-\x (1),\j \Ipes pedis\i 'foot')\c
<hw>expedition</hw> \K/EkspI"dIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMil Sci\i a journey or voyage for a particular purpose, esp. exploration, scientific research, or war.\p\B2\b the personnel or ships etc. undertaking this.\p\B3\b promptness, speed. \Bexpeditionist\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Iexpeditio -onis\i (as \J\Xexpedite\x)\j\c
<hw>expeditionary</hw> \K/EkspI"dIS(\F'\n)n(\F'\n)ri/\k \Iadj.\i \IMil\i of or used in an expedition, esp. military.
<hw>expeditious</hw> \K/EkspI"dIS\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b acting or done with speed and efficiency.\p\B2\b suited for speedy performance. \Bexpeditiously\b \Iadv.\i \Bexpeditiousness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xexpedition\x\j + \J\X-ous\x\j\c
<hw>expel</hw> \K/Ik"spEl/, /Ek-/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(expelled,\b \Bexpelling)\b \I(often foll. by \Bfrom)\b\i\p\B1\b deprive (a person) of the membership of or involvement in (a school, society, etc.).\p\B2\b force out or eject (a thing from its container etc.).\p\B3\b order or force to leave a building etc. \Bexpellable\b \Iadj.\i \Bexpellee\b \K/-"li:/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bexpellent\b \Iadj.\i \Bexpeller\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Iexpellere expuls-\i (as \J\Xex-\x (1),\j \Ipellere\i 'drive')\c
<hw>expend</hw> \K/Ik"spEnd/, /Ek-/\k \Iv.tr.\i spend or use up (money, time, etc.). \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Iexpendere expens-\i (as \J\Xex-\x (1),\j \Ipendere\i 'weigh')\c
<hw>expendable</hw> \K/Ik"spEnd\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/, /Ek-/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b that may be sacrificed or dispensed with, esp. to achieve a purpose.\p\B2\b \Ba\b not regarded as worth preserving or saving. \Bb\b unimportant, insignificant.\p\B3\b not normally reused. \Bexpendability\b \K/-"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bexpendably\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>expenditure</hw> \K/Ik"spEndItS\F'\n/, /Ek-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the process or an instance of spending or using up.\p\B2\b a thing (esp. a sum of money) expended. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xexpend\x,\j suggested by obsolete \Iexpenditor\i 'officer in charge of expenditure', via medieval Latin from \Iexpenditus,\i irregular past part. of Latin \Iexpendere\i\c
<hw>expense</hw> \K/Ik"spEns/, /Ek-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b cost incurred; payment of money.\p\B2\b \I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i \Ba\b the cost incurred in doing a particular job etc. \3(will pay your expenses).\c \Bb\b an amount paid to reimburse this \3(offered me ú40 per day expenses).\c\p\B3\b a thing that is a cause of much expense \3(the house is a real expense to run).\c\p\1at the expense of\c\p\B1\b so as to cause loss, deprivation, or harm to.\p\B2\b so as to incur the cost of. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Anglo-French, alteration of Old French \Iespense,\i from Late Latin \Iexpensa\i '(money) spent', past part. of Latin \Iexpendere\i \J\Xexpend\x\j\c
<hw>expense account</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i a list of an employee's expenses to be reimbursed by the employer.
<hw>expensive</hw> \K/Ik"spEnsIv/, /Ek-/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b costing much.\p\B2\b making a high charge.\p\B3\b causing much expense \3(has expensive tastes).\c \Bexpensively\b \Iadv.\i \Bexpensiveness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>experience</hw> \K/Ik"spI\F'\nrI\F'\nns/, /Ek-/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b actual observation of or practical acquaintance with facts or events.\p\B2\b knowledge or skill resulting from this.\p\B3\b \Ba\b an event regarded as affecting one \3(an unpleasant experience).\c \Bb\b the fact or process of being so affected \3(learnt by experience).\c \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b have experience of; undergo.\p\B2\b feel or be affected by (an emotion etc.). \Bexperienceable\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Iexperientia,\i from \Iexperiri expert-\i 'try'\c
<hw>experienced</hw> \K/Ik"spI\F'\nrI\F'\nnst/, /Ek-/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b having had much experience.\p\B2\b skilled from experience \3(an experienced driver).\c
<hw>experiential</hw> \K/Ik%spI\F'\nrI"EntS(\F'\n)l/, /Ek-/\k \Iadj.\i involving or based on experience. \Bexperientialism\b\p\In.\i\p\Bexperientialist\b\p\In.\i\p\Bexperientially\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>experiential philosophy</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhilos\i a philosophy that treats all knowledge as based on experience.
<hw>experiment</hw> \K/Ik"spErIm(\F'\n)nt/, /Ek-/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a procedure undertaken to make a discovery, test a hypothesis, or demonstrate a known fact.\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bof)\b\i a test or trial of. \Iv.intr.\i \Kalso /-mEnt/\k \I(often foll. by \Bon,\b \Bwith)\b\i make an experiment. \Bexperimentation\b \K/-mEn"teIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bexperimenter\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iexperiment\i or Latin \Iexperimentum\i (as \J\Xexperience\x)\j\c
<hw>experimental</hw> \K/Ik%spErI"mEnt(\F'\n)l/, /Ek-/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IPhilos Psychol\i based on or making use of experiment \3(experimental psychology).\c\p\B2\b \Ba\b used in experiments. \Bb\b serving or resulting from (esp. incomplete) experiment; tentative, provisional.\p\B3\b based on experience, not on authority or conjecture. \Bexperimentalism\b\p\In.\i\p\Bexperimentalist\b\p\In.\i\p\Bexperimentalize\b \Iv.intr.\i (also \B-ise).\b \Bexperimentally\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from medieval Latin \Iexperimentalis\i (as \J\Xexperiment\x)\j\c
<hw>expert</hw> \K/"Eksp\F'\n:t/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bat,\b \Bin)\b\i having special skill at a task or knowledge in a subject.\p\B2\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i involving or resulting from this \3(expert evidence;\c \2an expert piece of work).\c\p\In.\i\p\I(often foll. by \Bat,\b \Bin)\b\i a person having special knowledge or skill. \Bexpertly\b \Iadv.\i \Bexpertness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Iexpertus,\i past part. of \Iexperiri:\i see \J\Xexperience\x\j\c
<hw>expertise</hw> \K/Eksp\F'\n:"ti:z/\k\p\In.\i\pexpert skill, knowledge, or judgement. \BEtymology:\b \3French (as \J\Xexpert\x)\j\c
<hw>expertize</hw> \K/"Eksp\F'\ntVIz/\k\p\Iv.\i\p(also \B-ise)\b\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i give an expert opinion.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i give an expert opinion concerning.
<hw>expert system</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IComputing\i a system which can provide intelligent advice or decisions based on expert knowledge incorporated in the software.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Jan 94\k
<hw>expiate</hw> \K/"EkspIeIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b pay the penalty for (wrongdoing).\p\B2\b make amends for. \Bexpiable\b \K/"EkspI\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Bexpiation\b \K/-"eIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bexpiator\b\p\In.\i\p\Bexpiatory\b \K/-pI\F'\nt(\F'\n)ri/, /-pI"eIt(\F'\n)ri/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iexpiare expiat-\i (as \J\Xex-\x (1),\j \Ipius\i 'devout')\c
<hw>expire</hw> \K/Ik"spVI\F'\n/, /Ek-/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i (of a period of time, validity, etc.) come to an end.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i (of a document, authorization, etc.) cease to be valid; become void.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i (of a person) die.\p\B4\b \Itr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bfrom;\b\i \Ialso \Babsol.)\b\i \IAnat\i exhale (air etc.) from the lungs. \Bexpiratory\b \Iadj.\i (in sense 4). \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iexpirer\i from Latin \Iexspirare\i (as \J\Xex-\x (1),\j \Ispirare\i 'breathe')\c
<hw>expiry</hw> \K/Ik"spVIri/, /Ek-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the end of the validity or duration of something.\p\B2\b death.
<hw>explain</hw> \K/Ik"spleIn/, /Ek-/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b make clear or intelligible \I(also \Babsol.:\b\i \2let me explain).\c \Bb\b make known in detail.\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bthat\b + clause)\i say by way of explanation.\p\B3\b account for (one's conduct etc.).\p\1explain away\c minimize the significance of (a difficulty or mistake) by explanation.\p\1explain oneself\c\p\B1\b make one's meaning clear.\p\B2\b give an account of one's motives or conduct. \Bexplainable\b \Iadj.\i \Bexplainer\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iexplanare\i (as \J\Xex-\x (1),\j \Iplanus\i 'flat', assimilated to \J\Xplain\x (1))\j\c
<hw>explanation</hw> \K/Ekspl\F'\n"neIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or an instance of explaining.\p\B2\b a statement or circumstance that explains something.\p\B3\b a declaration made with a view to mutual understanding or reconciliation. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Iexplanatio\i (as \J\Xexplain\x)\j\c
<hw>explanatory</hw> \K/Ik"splan\F'\nt(\F'\n)ri/, /Ek-/\k \Iadj.\i serving or intended to serve to explain. \Bexplanatorily\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Iexplanatorius\i (as \J\Xexplain\x)\j\c
<hw>explant</hw> \Iv. & n.\i \IBiol.\i \Iv.tr.\i \K/Iks"plA:nt/, /Eks-/\k transfer (living cells, tissues, or organs) from animals or plants to a nutrient medium.\p\In.\i\p\K/"EksplA:nt/\k a piece of explanted tissue etc. \Bexplantation\b \K/-"teIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \Iexplantare\i (as \J\Xex-\x (1),\j \Iplantare\i \J\Xplant\x)\j\c
<hw>expletive</hw> \K/Ik"spli:tIv/, /Ek-/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an oath, swear word, or other expression, used in an exclamation.\p\B2\b \IProsody\i a word used to fill out a sentence etc., esp. in verse. \Iadj.\i \IProsody\i serving to fill out (esp. a sentence, line of verse, etc.). \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Iexpletivus\i (as \J\Xex-\x (1),\j \Iplere plet-\i 'fill')\c
<hw>explicable</hw> \K/Ik"splIk\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/, /Ek-/, /"EksplIk\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i that can be explained.
<hw>explicate</hw> \K/"EksplIkeIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b develop the meaning or implication of (an idea, principle, etc.).\p\B2\b make clear, explain (esp. a literary text). \Bexplication\b \K/-"keIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bexplicative\b \K/Ek"splIk\F'\ntIv/, /"EksplIkeItIv/\k \Iadj.\i \Bexplicator\b\p\In.\i\p\Bexplicatory\b \K/Ek"splIk\F'\nt(\F'\n)ri/, /"EksplIkeIt(\F'\n)ri/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iexplicare explicat-\i 'unfold' (as \J\Xex-\x (1),\j \Iplicare plicat-\i or \Iplicit-\i 'fold')\c
<hw>explicit</hw> \K/Ik"splIsIt/, /Ek-/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b expressly stated, leaving nothing merely implied; stated in detail. \Bb\b describing or representing nudity or intimate sexual activity.\Ksense 1b new f. OERD Jun 94\k\p\B2\b (of knowledge, a notion, etc.) definite, clear.\p\B3\b (of a person, book, etc.) expressing views unreservedly; outspoken. \Bexplicitly\b \Iadv.\i \Bexplicitness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Iexplicite\i or Latin \Iexplicitus\i (as \J\Xexplicate\x)\j\c
<hw>explode</hw> \K/Ik"spl\F'\nUd/, /Ek-/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \Iintr.\i \IBallistics\i (of gas, gunpowder, a bomb, a boiler, etc.) expand suddenly with a loud noise owing to a release of internal energy. \Bb\b \Itr.\i cause (a bomb etc.) to explode.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i give vent suddenly to emotion, esp. anger.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i \IDemog.\i (of a population etc.) increase suddenly or rapidly.\p\B4\b \Itr.\i show (a theory etc.) to be false or baseless.\p\B5\b \Itr.\i (as \Bexploded\b \Iadj.)\i (of a drawing etc.) showing the components of a mechanism as if separated by an explosion but in the normal relative positions. \Bexploder\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3earliest in sense 4: Latin \Iexplodere\i 'hiss off the stage' (as \J\Xex-\x (1),\j \Iplodere plos-\i = \Iplaudere\i 'clap')\c
<hw>exploit</hw> \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\K/"EksplOIt/\k a bold or daring feat. \Iv.tr.\i \K/Ik"splOIt/, /Ek-/\k\p\B1\b make use of (a resource etc.); derive benefit from.\p\B2\b usu. \Iderog.\i utilize or take advantage of (esp. a person) for one's own ends. \Bexploitable\b \K/Ik"splOIt\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/, /Ek-/\k \Iadj.\i \Bexploitation\b \K/EksplOI"teIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bexploitative\b \K/Ik"splOIt\F'\ntIv/, /Ek-/\k \Iadj.\i \Bexploiter\b\p\In.\i\p\Bexploitive\b \K/Ik"splOItIv/, /Ek-/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iesploit,\i \Iexploiter,\i ultimately from Latin \Iexplicare:\i see \J\Xexplicate\x\j\c
<hw>exploration</hw> \K/Ekspl\F'\n"reIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an act or instance of exploring.\p\B2\b the process of exploring. \Bexplorational\b \Iadj.\i
<hw>exploratory</hw> \K/Ik"splQr\F'\nt(\F'\n)ri/, /Ek-/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b (of discussion etc.) preliminary, serving to establish procedure etc.\p\B2\b involving exploration or investigation \3(exploratory surgery).\c
<hw>explore</hw> \K/Ik"splO:/, /Ek-/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b travel extensively through (a country etc.) in order to learn or discover about it.\p\B2\b inquire into; investigate thoroughly.\p\B3\b \ISurgery\i examine (a part of the body) in detail. \Bexplorative\b \K/Ik"splQr\F'\ntIv/, /Ek-/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iexplorer\i from Latin \Iexplorare\i\c
<hw>explorer</hw> \K/Ik"splO:r\F'\n/, /Ek-/\k\p\In.\i\pa traveller into undiscovered or uninvestigated territory, esp. to get scientific information.
<hw>explosion</hw> \K/Ik"spl\F'\nUZ(\F'\n)n/, /Ek-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or an instance of exploding.\p\B2\b a loud noise caused by something exploding.\p\B3\b \Ba\b a sudden outburst of noise. \Bb\b a sudden outbreak of feeling, esp. anger.\p\B4\b \IDemog.\i a rapid or sudden increase, esp. of population. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iexplosio\i 'scornful rejection' (as \J\Xexplode\x)\j\c
<hw>explosive</hw> \K/Ik"spl\F'\nUsIv/, /Ek-/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b able or tending or likely to explode.\p\B2\b likely to cause a violent outburst etc.; (of a situation etc.) dangerously tense.\p\In.\i\p\IBallistics Mil\i an explosive substance. \Bexplosively\b \Iadv.\i \Bexplosiveness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>Expo</hw> \K/"Eksp\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bexpo)\b \I(pl.\i \B-os)\b a large international exhibition. \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation of \J\Xexposition\x 4\j\c
<hw>exponent</hw> \K/Ik"sp\F'\nUn\F'\nnt/, /Ek-/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person who favours or promotes an idea etc.\p\B2\b a representative or practitioner of an activity, profession, etc.\p\B3\b a person who explains or interprets something.\p\B4\b a type or representative.\p\B5\b \IMath.\i a raised symbol or expression beside a numeral indicating how many times it is to be multiplied by itself (e.g. 23 = 2 ╫ 2 ╫ 2).\Ksense 4 omitted (executant of music) as covered by 3, Nov 94\k \Iadj.\i that sets forth or interprets. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iexponere\i (as \J\Xex-\x (1),\j \Iponere posit-\i 'put')\c
<hw>exponential</hw> \K/Eksp\F'\n(U)"nEnS(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IMath.\i of or indicated by a mathematical exponent.\p\B2\b (of an increase etc.) more and more rapid. \Bexponentially\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iexponentiel\i (as \J\Xexponent\x)\j\c
<hw>exponential function</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMath.\i a function which increases as a quantity raised to a power determined by the variable on which the function depends.
<hw>exponential growth</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBiol Econ\i growth whose rate becomes ever more rapid in proportion to the growing total number or size.
<hw>export</hw> \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.tr.\i \K/Ik"spO:t/, /Ek-/, /"Ek-/\k\ICommerce\i send out (goods or services) esp. for sale in another country.\p\In.\i\p\K/"EkspO:t/\k\ICommerce\i\p\B1\b the process of exporting.\p\B2\b \Ba\b an exported article or service. \Bb\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i the amount or value of goods exported \3(exports exceeded ú50m.).\c\p\B3\b \I(\Battrib.)\b\i suitable for export, esp. of better quality. \Bexportable\b \Iadj.\i \Bexportability\b \K/-"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bexportation\b \K/-"teIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bexporter\b \K/-"spO:t\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iexportare\i (as \J\Xex-\x (1),\j \Iportare\i 'carry')\c
<hw>export reject</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i an article sold in its country of manufacture, as being below the standard for export.
<hw>expose</hw> \K/Ik"sp\F'\nUz/, /Ek-/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b leave uncovered or unprotected, esp. from the weather.\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bto)\b\i \Ba\b put at risk of \3(was exposed to great danger).\c \Bb\b lay open, subject, or introduce to (an influence etc.).\Ksense 2b new from POD8 Oct 93\k\p\B3\b (as \Bexposed\b \Iadj.)\i \Ba\b \I(foll. by \Bto)\b\i open to; unprotected from \3(exposed to the east).\c \Bb\b vulnerable, risky.\p\B4\b \IPhotog.\i subject (a film) to light, esp. by operation of a camera.\p\B5\b reveal the identity or fact of (esp. a person or thing disapproved of or guilty of crime etc.).\p\B6\b disclose; make public.\p\B7\b exhibit, display.\p\B8\b leave (a child) in the open to die.\Ksense 8 omitted as obsolete and replaced with new sense from POD7 Oct 93\k\p\1expose oneself\c display one's body, esp. the genitals, publicly and indecently. \Bexposer\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iexposer,\i based on Latin \Iexponere:\i see \J\Xexponent\x,\j \J\Xpose\x (1)\j\c
<hw>exposΘ</hw> \K/Ik"sp\F'\nUzeI/, /Ek-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an orderly statement of facts.\p\B2\b the act or an instance of revealing something discreditable. \BEtymology:\b \3French, past part. of \Iexposer\i (as \J\Xexpose\x)\j\c
<hw>exposition</hw> \K/Eksp\F'\n"zIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an explanatory statement or account.\p\B2\b an explanation or commentary; an interpretative article or treatise.\p\B3\b \IMus.\i the part of a movement, esp. in sonata form, in which the principal themes are first presented.\p\B4\b a large public exhibition.\p\B5\b \Iarchaic\i exposure. \Bexpositional\b \Iadj.\i \Bexpositive\b \K/-"spQzItIv/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iexposition,\i or Latin \Iexpositio\i (as \J\Xexponent\x)\j\c
<hw>expositor</hw> \K/Ik"spQzIt\F'\n/, /Ek-/\k\p\In.\i\pan expounder or interpreter. \Bexpository\b \Iadj.\i
\B\Iex post\b\i \K/Eks "p\F'\nUst/\k \Iadj.\i \IEcon.\i based on actual results \I(cf.\i \J\Xex ante\x).\j\Knew from NEWS\k \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin, = 'from after'\c
\B\Iex post facto\b\i \K/%Eks p\F'\nUst "fakt\F'\nU/\k \Iadj. & adv.\i \ILaw\i with retrospective action or force. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iex postfacto\i 'in the light of subsequent events'\c
<hw>expostulate</hw> \K/Ik"spQstjUleIt/, /Ek-/\k \Iv.intr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bwith\b a person)\i make a protest; remonstrate earnestly. \Bexpostulation\b \K/-"leIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bexpostulatory\b \K/-l\F'\nt(\F'\n)ri/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iexpostulare expostulat-\i (as \J\Xex-\x (1),\j \Ipostulare\i 'demand')\c
<hw>exposure</hw> \K/Ik"sp\F'\nUZ\F'\n/, /Ek-/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(foll. by \Bto)\b\i\p\B1\b the act or condition of exposing or being exposed (to air, cold, danger, etc.).\p\B2\b \IMed\i a physical condition resulting from being exposed to the elements, esp. in severe conditions \3(died from exposure).\c\p\B3\b the revelation of an identity or fact, esp. when concealed or likely to find disapproval.\p\B4\b \IPhotog.\i \Ba\b the action of exposing a film etc. to the light. \Bb\b the duration of this action. \Bc\b the area of film etc. affected by it.\p\B5\b an aspect or outlook \3(has a fine southern exposure).\c \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xexpose\x,\j on the pattern of \Ienclosure\i etc.\c
<hw>exposure meter</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhotog.\i a device for measuring the strength of the light to determine the correct duration of exposure.
<hw>expound</hw> \K/Ik"spaUnd/, /Ek-/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b set out in detail (a doctrine etc.).\p\B2\b \IRelig\i explain or interpret (esp. Scripture). \Bexpounder\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iespondre\i (as \J\Xexponent\x)\j\c
<hw>express (1)</hw> \K/Ik"sprEs/, /Ek-/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b represent or make known (thought, feelings, etc.) in words or by gestures, conduct, etc.\p\B2\b \Irefl.\i say what one thinks or means.\p\B3\b \Iesp. Math.\i represent by symbols.\p\B4\b squeeze out (liquid or air). \Bexpresser\b\p\In.\i\p\Bexpressible\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iexpresser\i from Romanic (as \J\Xex-\x (1),\j \J\Xpress\x (1))\j\c
<hw>express (2)</hw> \K/Ik"sprEs/, /Ek-/\k \Iadj., adv., n., & v.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \ITransport\i operating at high speed.\p\B2\b \Kalso /"EksprEs/\k \Ba\b definitely stated, not merely implied. \Bb\b \Iarchaic\i (of a likeness) exact.\p\B3\b \Ba\b done, made, or sent for a special purpose. \Bb\b (of messages or goods) delivered by a special messenger or service. \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b at high speed.\p\B2\b by express train or delivery service.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \IRailways\i an express train or delivery service. \Bb\b \IBallistics\i an express rifle.\p\B2\b \BUS\b a company undertaking the transport of parcels etc. \Iv.tr.\i send by express messenger or delivery. \Bexpressly\b \Iadv.\i (in senses 2 and 3a of \Iadj.).\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iexpres\i from Latin \Iexpressus\i 'distinctly shown', past part. of \Iexprimere\i (as \J\Xex-\x (1),\j \Ipremere\i 'press')\c
<hw>expression</hw> \K/Ik"sprES(\F'\n)n/, /Ek-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or an instance of expressing.\p\B2\b a word or phrase expressed.\p\B3\b \IMath.\i a collection of symbols expressing a quantity.\p\B4\b a person's facial appearance or intonation of voice, esp. as indicating feeling.\p\B5\b \IArt\i the depiction of feeling, movement, etc., in art.\p\B6\b \IMus\i the conveying of feeling in the performance of a piece of music. \Bexpressional\b \Iadj.\i \Bexpressionless\b \Iadj.\i \Bexpressionlessly\b \Iadv.\i \Bexpressionlessness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iexpression\i or Latin \Iexpressio,\i from \Iexprimere:\i see \J\Xexpress\x (1)\j\c
<hw>expressionism</hw> \K/Ik"sprES(\F'\n)nIz(\F'\n)m/, /Ek-/\k\p\In.\i\pa style of painting, music, drama, etc., in which an artist or writer seeks to express emotional experience rather than impressions of the external world. \Bexpressionist\b \In. & adj.\i \Bexpressionistic\b \K/-"nIstIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Bexpressionistically\b \K/-"nIstIk(\F'\n)li/\k \Iadv.\i
<hw>expressive</hw> \K/Ik"sprEsIv/, /Ek-/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b full of expression \3(an expressive look).\c\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bof)\b\i serving to express \3(words expressive of contempt).\c \Bexpressively\b \Iadv.\i \Bexpressiveness\b\p\In.\i\p\Bexpressivity\b \K/-"sIvIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from French \Iexpressif -ive\i or medieval Latin \Iexpressivus\i (as \J\Xexpression\x)\j\c
<hw>express rifle</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBallistics\i a rifle that discharges a bullet at high speed.
<hw>express train</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IRailways\i a fast train, stopping at few intermediate stations.
<hw>expressway</hw> \K/Ik"sprEsweI/, /Ek-/\k\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer. & Austral.\b \ITransport\i an urban motorway.
<hw>expropriate</hw> \K/Iks"pr\F'\nUprIeIt/, /Eks-/\k \Iv.tr.\i \ICommerce Law\i\p\B1\b (esp. of the state) take away (property) from its owner.\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bfrom)\b\i dispossess. \Bexpropriation\b \K/-"eIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bexpropriator\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Iexpropriare expropriat-\i (as \J\Xex-\x (1),\j \Iproprium\i 'property': see \J\Xproper\x)\j\c
<hw>expulsion</hw> \K/Ik"spVlS(\F'\n)n/, /Ek-/\k\p\In.\i\pthe act or an instance of expelling; the process of being expelled. \Bexpulsive\b \K/-sIv/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Iexpulsio\i (as \J\Xexpel\x)\j\c
<hw>expunge</hw> \K/Ik"spVn(d)Z/, /Ek-/\k \Iv.tr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bfrom)\b\i erase, remove (esp. a passage from a book or a name from a list). \Bexpunction\b \K/Ik"spVN(k)S(\F'\n)n/, /Ek-/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bexpunger\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iexpungere expunct-\i 'mark for deletion by means of points' (as \J\Xex-\x (1),\j \Ipungere\i 'prick')\c
<hw>expurgate</hw> \K/"Eksp\F'\n:geIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b remove matter thought to be objectionable from (a book etc.).\p\B2\b remove (such matter). \Bexpurgation\b \K/-"geIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bexpurgator\b\p\In.\i\p\Bexpurgatorial\b \K/%Eksp\F'\n:g\F'\n"tO:rI\F'\nl/\k \Iadj.\i \Bexpurgatory\b \K/Ek"sp\F'\n:g\F'\nt(\F'\n)ri/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iexpurgare expurgat-\i (as \J\Xex-\x (1),\j \Ipurgare\i 'cleanse')\c
<hw>exquisite</hw> \K/"EkskwIzIt/, /Ik"skwIzIt/, /Ek-/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b extremely beautiful or delicate.\p\B2\b acute; keenly felt \3(exquisite pleasure).\c\p\B3\b keen; highly sensitive or discriminating \3(exquisite taste).\c\p\In.\i\pa person of refined (esp. affected) tastes. \Bexquisitely\b \Iadv.\i \Bexquisiteness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, in the sense 'carefully ascertained, precise', from Latin \Iexquirere exquisit-\i (as \J\Xex-\x (1),\j \Iquaerere\i 'seek')\c
<hw>exsert</hw> \K/Ik"s\F'\n:t/, /Ek-/\k \Iv.tr.\i \IBiol.\i put forth. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iexserere:\i see \J\Xexert\x\j\c
<hw>ex-service</hw> \K/Ek(s)"s\F'\n:vIs/\k \Iadj.\i \BBrit.\b \IMil\i\p\B1\b having formerly been a member of the armed forces.\p\B2\b relating to former servicemen and -women.
<hw>ex-serviceman</hw> \K/Ek(s)"s\F'\n:vIsm\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-men)\b \Besp. Brit.\b \IMil\i a former member of the armed forces.
<hw>ex-servicewoman</hw> \K/Ek(s)"s\F'\n:vIswUm\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-women)\b \Besp. Brit.\b \IMil\i a former woman member of the armed forces.
\B\Iex silentio\b\i \K/Eks sI"lEnSI\F'\nU/\k \Iadv.\i by the absence of contrary evidence. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = from silence\c
<hw>extempore</hw> \K/Ik"stEmp(\F'\n)ri/, /Ek-/\k \Iadj. & adv.\i without preparation.\Ksense 2 omitted as spurious distinction\k \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iex tempore\i 'on the spur of the moment', (literally 'out of the time') from \Itempus\i 'time'\c
<hw>extemporize</hw> \K/Ik"stEmp\F'\nrVIz/, /Ek-/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b \I(also \Babsol.)\b\i \IMus. etc.\i compose or produce (music, a speech, etc.) without preparation; improvise. \Bextemporization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>extend</hw> \K/Ik"stEnd/, /Ek-/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr. & intr.\i lengthen or make larger in space or time.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i stretch or lay out at full length.\p\B3\b \Iintr. & tr.\i \I(foll. by \Bto,\b \Bover)\b\i reach or be or make continuous over a certain area.\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bto)\b\i have a certain scope \3(the permit does not extend to camping).\c\p\B5\b \Itr.\i offer or accord (an invitation, hospitality, kindness, etc.).\p\B6\b \Itr.\i \I(usu. \Brefl.\b or in \Bpassive)\b\i tax the powers of (an athlete, horse, etc.) to the utmost. \Bextendable\b \Iadj.\i \Bextendability\b \K/-d\F'\n"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bextendible\b \Iadj.\i \Bextendibility\b \K/-dI"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bextensible\b \K/-sIb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Bextensibility\b \K/-sI"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Iextendere extens-\i or \Iextent-\i 'stretch out' (as \J\Xex-\x (1),\j \Itendere\i 'stretch')\c
<hw>extended family</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAnthropol\i a family including relatives living near.
<hw>extended-play</hw> \Iattrib.adj.\i \IElectronics\i (of a gramophone record) playing for longer than most singles, usu. at 45 r.p.m.
<hw>extender</hw> \K/Ik"stEnd\F'\n/, /Ek-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person or thing that extends.\p\B2\b a substance added to paint, ink, glue, etc., to dilute its colour or increase its bulk.
<hw>extensile</hw> \K/Ik"stEnsVIl/, /Ek-/\k \Iadj.\i capable of being stretched out or protruded.
<hw>extension</hw> \K/Ik"stEnS(\F'\n)n/, /Ek-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or an instance of extending; the process of being extended.\p\B2\b prolongation; enlargement.\p\B3\b \IArchit\i a part enlarging or added on to a main structure or building.\p\B4\b an additional part of anything.\p\B5\b \ITelephony\i \Ba\b a subsidiary telephone on the same line as the main one. \Bb\b its number.\p\B6\b \Ba\b an additional period of time, esp. extending allowance for a project etc. \Bb\b \IDrink Law\i permission for the sale of alcoholic drinks until later than usual, granted to licensed premises on special occasions.\p\B7\b \IEducation\i extramural instruction by a university or college \3(extension course).\c\p\B8\b extent, range.\p\B9\b \ILogic\i a group of things denoted by a term. \Bextensional\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Late Latin \Iextensio\i (as \J\Xextend\x)\j\c
<hw>extensive</hw> \K/Ik"stEnsIv/, /Ek-/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b covering a large area in space or time.\p\B2\b having a wide scope; far-reaching \3(an extensive knowledge of music).\c\p\B3\b \IAgriculture Econ\i involving cultivation from a large area, with a minimum of special resources \I(cf.\i \J\Xintensive\x \Iadj.\i 3).\j \Bextensively\b \Iadv.\i \Bextensiveness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Iextensif -ive\i or Late Latin \Iextensivus\i (as \J\Xextension\x)\j\c
<hw>extensometer</hw> \K/EkstEn"sQmIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMetallurgy Engin\i\p\B1\b an instrument for measuring deformation of metal under stress.\p\B2\b an instrument using such deformation to record elastic strains in other materials. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iextensus\i (as \J\Xextend\x)\j + \J\X-meter\x\j\c
<hw>extensor</hw> \K/Ik"stEns\F'\n/, /Ek-/\k\p\In.\i\p(in full \Bextensor muscle)\b \IAnat.\i a muscle that extends or straightens out part of the body \I(cf.\i \J\Xflexor\x).\j \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin (as \J\Xextend\x)\j\c
<hw>extent</hw> \K/Ik"stEnt/, /Ek-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the space over which a thing extends.\p\B2\b the width or limits of application; scope \3(to a great extent;\c \2to the full extent of their power).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Anglo-French \Iextente\i from medieval Latin \Iextenta,\i past part. of Latin \Iextendere:\i see \J\Xextend\x\j\c
<hw>extenuate</hw> \K/Ik"stEnjUeIt/, /Ek-/\k \Iv.tr.\i (often as \Bextenuating\b \Iadj.)\i lessen the seeming seriousness of (guilt or an offence) by reference to some mitigating factor. \Bextenuatingly\b \Iadv.\i \Bextenuation\b \K/-"eIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bextenuatory\b \K/-jU\F'\nt(\F'\n)ri/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iextenuare extenuat-\i (as \J\Xex-\x (1),\j \Itenuis\i 'thin')\c
<hw>exterior</hw> \K/Ik"stI\F'\nrI\F'\n/, /Ek-/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b of or on the outer side. \Bb\b \I(foll. by \Bto)\b\i situated on the outside of (a building etc.). \Bc\b coming from outside.\p\B2\b \ICinematog.\i outdoor.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IArchit\i the outward aspect or surface of a building etc.\p\B2\b the outward or apparent behaviour or demeanour of a person.\p\B3\b \ICinematog.\i an outdoor scene. \Bexteriority\b \K/-"QrIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bexteriorize\b \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise).\b \Bexteriorly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, comparative of \Iexterus\i 'outside'\c
<hw>exterior angle</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IGeom\i the angle between the side of a rectilinear figure and the adjacent side extended outward.
<hw>external</hw> \K/Ik"st\F'\n:n(\F'\n)l/, /Ek-/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b of or situated on the outside or visible part. \Bb\b coming or derived from the outside or an outside source.\p\B2\b \IPolit\i relating to a country's foreign affairs.\p\B3\b \IPsychol\i outside the conscious subject \3(the external world).\c\p\B4\b \IMed\i (of medicine etc.) for use on the outside of the body.\p\B5\b \IEducation\i for or concerning students taking the examinations of a university without attending it.\p\In.\i\p\I(in \Bpl.)\b\i\p\B1\b the outward features or aspect.\p\B2\b external circumstances.\p\B3\b inessentials. \Bexternality\b \K/Ekst\F'\n:"nalIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies).\b \Bexternally\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin from Latin \Iexternus,\i from \Iexterus\i 'outside'\c
<hw>external evidence</hw>\p\In.\i\pevidence derived from a source independent of the thing discussed.
<hw>externalize</hw> \K/Ik"st\F'\n:n(\F'\n)lVIz/, /Ek-/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b give or attribute external existence to. \Bexternalization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>exteroceptive</hw> \K/%Ekst\F'\nr\F'\nU"sEptIv/\k \Iadj.\i \IBiol.\i relating to stimuli produced outside an organism. \BEtymology:\b \3formed irregularly from Latin \Iexternus\i 'exterior' + \J\Xreceptive\x\j\c
<hw>extinct</hw> \K/Ik"stINkt/, /Ek-/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IBiol\i (of a family, class, or species) that has died out.\p\B2\b \Ba\b (of fire etc.) no longer burning. \Bb\b (of a volcano) that no longer erupts.\p\B3\b (of life, hope, etc.) terminated, quenched.\p\B4\b (of an office etc.) obsolete.\p\B5\b (of a title of nobility) having no qualified claimant. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Iexstinguere exstinct-\i (as \J\Xex-\x (1),\j \Istinguere\i 'quench')\c
<hw>extinction</hw> \K/Ik"stIN(k)S(\F'\n)n/, /Ek-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act of making extinct; the state of being or process of becoming extinct.\p\B2\b the act of extinguishing; the state of being extinguished.\p\B3\b total destruction or annihilation.\p\B4\b \ICommerce\i the wiping out of a debt.\p\B5\b \IPhysics\i a reduction in the intensity of radiation by absorption, scattering, etc. \Bextinctive\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iextinctio\i (as \J\Xextinct\x)\j\c
<hw>extinguish</hw> \K/Ik"stINgwIS/, /Ek-/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b cause (a flame, light, etc.) to die out; put out.\p\B2\b make extinct; annihilate, destroy \3(a programme to extinguish disease).\c\p\B3\b put an end to; terminate; obscure utterly (a feeling, quality, etc.).\p\B4\b \ICommerce\i \Ba\b abolish; wipe out (a debt). \Bb\b \ILaw\i render void. \Bextinguishable\b \Iadj.\i \Bextinguishment\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3formed irregularly from Latin \Iextinguere\i (as \J\Xextinct\x):\j cf. \Idistinguish\i\c
<hw>extinguisher</hw> \K/Ik"stINgwIS\F'\n/, /Ek-/\k\p\In.\i\pa person or thing that extinguishes, esp. = \J\Xfire extinguisher\x.\j
<hw>extortion</hw> \K/Ik"stO:S(\F'\n)n/, /Ek-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or an instance of extorting, esp. money.\p\B2\b illegal exaction. \Bextortioner\b\p\In.\i\p\Bextortionist\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Late Latin \Iextortio\i (as \J\Xextort\x)\j\c
<hw>extortionate</hw> \K/Ik"stO:S(\F'\n)n\F'\nt/, /Ek-/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b (of a price etc.) exorbitant.\p\B2\b using or given to extortion \3(extortionate methods).\c \Bextortionately\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>extra</hw> \K/"Ekstr\F'\n/\k \Iadj., adv., & n.\i \Iadj.\i additional; more than is usual or necessary or expected. \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b more than usually.\p\B2\b additionally \3(was charged extra).\c\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an extra thing.\p\B2\b a thing for which an extra charge is made.\p\B3\b \ICinematog Telev Theatr\i a person engaged temporarily to fill out a scene in a film or play, esp. as one of a crowd.\p\B4\b \IJournalism\i a special issue of a newspaper etc.\p\B5\b \ICricket\i a run scored other than from a hit with the bat, and credited to the batting side but not to an individual batsman.\Kextra size omitted from COD9 Aug 92\k \BEtymology:\b \3probably a shortening of \J\Xextraordinary\x\j\c
<hw>extra-</hw> \K/"Ekstr\F'\n/\k \Iprefix\i\p\B1\b outside, beyond \3(extragalactic).\c\p\B2\b beyond the scope of \3(extra-curricular).\c \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin from Latin \Iextra\i 'outside'\c
<hw>extracellular</hw> \K/Ekstr\F'\n"sEljUl\F'\n/\k \Iadj.\i \IBiol\i situated or taking place outside a cell or cells.
<hw>extra cover</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICricket\i\p\B1\b a fielding position on a line between cover point and mid-off, but beyond these.\p\B2\b a fielder at this position.
<hw>extract</hw> \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.tr.\i \K/Ik"strakt/, /Ek-/\k\p\B1\b remove or take out, esp. by effort or force (anything firmly rooted).\p\B2\b obtain (money, an admission, etc.) with difficulty or against a person's will.\p\B3\b obtain (a natural resource) from the earth.\p\B4\b select or reproduce for quotation or performance (a passage of writing, music, etc.).\p\B5\b obtain (juice etc.) by suction, pressure, distillation, etc.\p\B6\b derive (pleasure etc.).\p\B7\b \IMath.\i find (the root of a number).\p\B8\b \Iarchaic\i deduce (a principle etc.).\p\In.\i\p\K/"Ekstrakt/\k\p\B1\b a short passage taken from a book, piece of music, etc.; an excerpt.\p\B2\b a preparation containing the active principle of a substance in concentrated form \3(malt extract).\c \Bextractable\b \Iadj.\i \Bextractability\b \K/-"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iextrahere extract-\i (as \J\Xex-\x (1),\j \Itrahere\i 'draw')\c
<hw>extraction</hw> \K/Ik"strakS(\F'\n)n/, /Ek-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or an instance of extracting; the process of being extracted.\p\B2\b \IDentistry\i the removal of a tooth.\p\B3\b origin, lineage, descent \3(of Indian extraction).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via French from Late Latin \Iextractio -onis\i (as \J\Xextract\x)\j\c
<hw>extractive</hw> \K/Ik"straktIv/, /Ek-/\k \Iadj.\i \IMineral\i of or involving extraction, esp. extensive extracting of natural resources without provision for their renewal.
<hw>extractor</hw> \K/Ik"strakt\F'\n/, /Ek-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person or machine that extracts.\p\B2\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i \BBrit.\b (of a device) that extracts stale air etc. or ventilates a room \3(extractor fan;\c \2extractor hood).\c
<hw>extra-curricular</hw> \K/Ekstr\F'\nk\F'\n"rIkjUl\F'\n/\k \Iadj.\i \IEducation\i (of an activity at school, college, etc.) not included in the normal curriculum.
<hw>extraditable</hw> \K/"Ekstr\F'\ndVIt\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \ILaw\i\p\B1\b liable to extradition.\p\B2\b (of a crime) warranting extradition.
<hw>extradite</hw> \K/"Ekstr\F'\ndVIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i \ILaw\i hand over (a person accused or convicted of a crime) to the foreign state etc. in which the crime was committed. \BEtymology:\b \3back-formation from \J\Xextradition\x\j\c
<hw>extradition</hw> \K/Ekstr\F'\n"dIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ILaw\i the extraditing of a person accused or convicted of a crime.\p\B2\b \IPsychol.\i the localizing of a sensation at a distance from the centre of sensation. \BEtymology:\b \3French (as \J\Xex-\x (1),\j \J\Xtradition\x\j\c
<hw>extrados</hw> \K/Ik"streIdQs/, /Ek-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IArchit.\i the upper or outer curve of an arch \I(opp.\i \J\Xintrados\x).\j \BEtymology:\b \3as \J\Xextra-\x\j + French \Idos\i 'back' from Latin \Idorsum\i\c
<hw>extragalactic</hw> \K/Ekstr\F'\ng\F'\n"laktIk/\k \Iadj.\i \IAstron\i occurring or existing outside the Galaxy.
<hw>extrajudicial</hw> \K/Ekstr\F'\ndZu:"dIS(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \ILaw\i\p\B1\b not legally authorized.\p\B2\b (of a confession etc.) not made in court. \Bextrajudicially\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>extralinguistic</hw> \K/Ekstr\F'\nlIN"gwIstIk/\k \Iadj.\i outside the field of linguistics or the bounds of language.\Knew from SOED, Incomings\k
<hw>extramarital</hw> \K/Ekstr\F'\n"marIt(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i (esp. of sexual relations) occurring outside marriage. \Bextramaritally\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>extramundane</hw> \K/Ekstr\F'\n"mVndeIn/\k \Iadj.\i outside or beyond the physical world.
<hw>extramural</hw> \K/Ekstr\F'\n"mjU\F'\nr(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IEducation\i taught or conducted off the premises of a university, college, or school.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b \IEducation\i additional to normal teaching or studies, esp. for non-resident students.\p\B3\b outside the walls or boundaries of a town or city.\Knoun omitted on lack of evidence\k \Bextramurally\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iextra muros\i 'outside the walls'\c
<hw>extraneous</hw> \K/Ik"streInI\F'\ns/, /Ek-/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of external origin.\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i \Ba\b separate from the object to which it is attached etc. \Bb\b external to; irrelevant or unrelated to. \Bextraneously\b \Iadv.\i \Bextraneousness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iextraneus\i\c
<hw>extraordinary</hw> \K/Ik"strO:d(\F'\n)n(\F'\n)ri/, /Ek-/, /Ekstr\F'\n"O:dIn(\F'\n)ri/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b unusual or remarkable; out of the usual course.\p\B2\b unusually great \3(an extraordinary talent).\c\p\B3\b \Ba\b (of an official etc.) additional; specially employed \3(envoy extraordinary).\c \Bb\b (of a meeting) specially convened. \Bextraordinarily\b \Iadv.\i \Bextraordinariness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iextraordinarius\i from \Iextra ordinem\i 'outside the usual order'\c
<hw>extrapolate</hw> \K/Ik"strap\F'\nleIt/, /Ek-/\k \Iv.tr.\i \I(also \Babsol.)\b\i\p\B1\b \IMath.\i \Ba\b extend (a range of values or a curve) by inferring unknown values from trends in the known data. \Bb\b calculate (unknown values etc.) by extension of trends in a known range of values etc.\p\B2\b infer more widely from a limited range of known facts. \Bextrapolation\b \K/-"leIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bextrapolative\b \K/-l\F'\ntIv/\k \Iadj.\i \Bextrapolator\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xextra-\x\j + \J\Xinterpolate\x\j\c
<hw>extrasensory</hw> \K/Ekstr\F'\n"sEns(\F'\n)ri/\k \Iadj.\i \IPsychol\i derived by means other than the known senses, e.g. by telepathy, clairvoyance, etc. \3(extrasensory perception).\c
<hw>extraterrestrial</hw> \K/Ekstr\F'\ntI"rEstrI\F'\nl/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i \IAstron\i\p\B1\b outside the earth or its atmosphere.\p\B2\b (in science fiction) from outer space.\p\In.\i\p(in science fiction) a being from outer space.
<hw>extraterritorial</hw> \K/%Ekstr\F'\ntErI"tO:rI\F'\nl/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b situated or (of laws etc.) valid outside a country's territory.\p\B2\b \IDiplomacy Law\i (of an ambassador etc.) free from the jurisdiction of the territory of residence. \Bextraterritoriality\b \K/-"alIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iextra territorium\i 'outside the territory'\c
<hw>extra time</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Besp. Brit.\b \ISport\i a further period of play at the end of a match when the scores are equal.
<hw>extravagance</hw> \K/Ik"strav\F'\ng(\F'\n)ns/, /Ek-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b excessive spending or use of resources; being extravagant.\p\B2\b an instance or item of this. \Bextravagancy\b\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies).\b \BEtymology:\b \3French (as \J\Xextravagant\x)\j\c
<hw>extravagant</hw> \K/Ik"strav\F'\ng(\F'\n)nt/, /Ek-/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b spending (esp. money) excessively; immoderate or wasteful in use of resources.\p\B2\b exorbitant; costing much.\p\B3\b exceeding normal restraint or sense; unreasonable, absurd \3(extravagant claims).\c \Bextravagantly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from medieval Latin \Iextravagari\i (as \J\Xextra-\x,\j \Ivagari\i 'wander')\c
<hw>extravaganza</hw> \K/Ik%strav\F'\n"ganz\F'\n/, /Ek-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMus Drama\i a fanciful literary, musical, or dramatic composition.\p\B2\b \ITheatr Telev\i a spectacular theatrical or television production, esp. of light entertainment. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian \Iestravaganza\i 'extravagance'\c
<hw>extravasate</hw> \K/Ik"strav\F'\nseIt/, /Ek-/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\Iesp. Med.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i force out (a fluid, esp. blood) from its proper vessel.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i (of blood, lava, etc.) flow out. \Bextravasation\b \K/-"seIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iextra\i 'outside' + \Ivas\i 'vessel'\c
<hw>extravehicular</hw> \K/Ekstr\F'\nvi:"hIkjUl\F'\n/\k \Iadj.\i \IAstronaut\i outside a vehicle, esp. a spacecraft.
<hw>extravert</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xextrovert\x.\j
<hw>extrema</hw> \I\Ipl.\i of\i \J\Xextremum\x.\j
<hw>extreme</hw> \K/Ik"stri:m/, /Ek-/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b reaching a high or the highest degree; exceedingly great or intense; exceptional \3(extreme old age;\c \2in extreme danger).\c\p\B2\b \Ba\b severe, stringent; lacking restraint or moderation \3(take extreme measures;\c \2an extreme reaction).\c \Bb\b (of a person, opinion, etc.) going to great lengths; advocating immoderate measures.\p\B3\b outermost; furthest from the centre; situated at either end \3(the extreme edge).\c\p\B4\b \IPolit.\i on the far left or right of a party.\p\B5\b utmost; last.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \I(often in \Bpl.)\b\i one or other of two things as remote or as different as possible.\p\B2\b a thing at either end of anything.\p\B3\b the highest or most extreme degree of anything.\p\B4\b \IMath.\i the first or the last term of a ratio or series.\p\B5\b \ILogic\i the subject or predicate in a proposition; the major or the minor term in a syllogism.\p\1go to extremes\c take an extreme course of action.\p\1go to the other extreme\c take a diametrically opposite course of action.\p\1in the extreme\c to an extreme degree. \Bextremely\b \Iadv.\i \Bextremeness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Iextremus,\i superlative of \Iexterus\i 'outward'\c
<hw>extreme unction</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IRC Ch.\i \IEccl\i (former name for) the sacrament of Anointing of the Sick, esp. when administered to the dying.
<hw>extremist</hw> \K/Ik"stri:mIst/, /Ek-/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(also \Battrib.)\b\i \IPolit\i a person who holds extreme or fanatical political or religious views and esp. resorts to or advocates extreme action. \Bextremism\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>extremity</hw> \K/Ik"strEmIti/, /Ek-/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b the extreme point; the very end.\p\B2\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i the hands and feet.\p\B3\b a condition of extreme adversity or difficulty. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \IextremitΘ\i or Latin \Iextremitas\i (as \J\Xextreme\x)\j\c
<hw>extremum</hw> \K/Ik"stri:m\F'\nm/, /Ek-/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bextremums\b or \Bextrema\b \K/-m\F'\n/\k) \IMath.\i the maximum or minimum value of a function. \Bextremal\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, neut. of \Iextremus\i \J\Xextreme\x\j\c
<hw>extricate</hw> \K/"EkstrIkeIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bfrom)\b\i free or disentangle from a constraint or difficulty. \Bextricable\b \Iadj.\i \Bextrication\b \K/-"keIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iextricare extricat-\i (as \J\Xex-\x (1),\j \Itricae\i 'perplexities')\c
<hw>extrinsic</hw> \K/Ik"strInsIk/, /Ek-/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b not inherent or intrinsic; not essential (opp. \J\Xintrinsic\x).\j\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i extraneous; lying outside; not belonging (to).\p\B3\b originating or operating from without. \Bextrinsically\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Iextrinsicus\i 'outward' from Latin \Iextrinsecus\i \I(adv.)\i from \Iexter\i 'outside' + \Isecus\i 'beside'\c
<hw>extrovert</hw> \K/"Ekstr\F'\nv\F'\n:t/\k \In. & adj.\i (also \Bextravert)\b\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an outgoing or sociable person.\p\B2\b \IPsychol.\i a person predominantly concerned with external things or objective considerations. \Iadj.\i typical or characteristic of an extrovert. \Bextroversion\b \K/-"v\F'\n:S(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bextroverted\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3\Iextro-\i = \J\Xextra-\x\j (on the pattern of \Iintro-)\i + Latin \Ivertere\i 'turn'\c The original spelling, \Iextravert,\i is often preferred in technical use.
<hw>extrude</hw> \K/Ik"stru:d/, /Ek-/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \I(foll. by \Bfrom)\b\i thrust or force out.\p\B2\b shape metal, plastic, etc., by forcing it through a die. \Bextrusion\b \K/-Z(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bextrusile\b \K/-sVIl/\k \Iadj.\i \Bextrusive\b \K/-sIv/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iextrudere extrus-\i (as \J\Xex-\x (1),\j \Itrudere\i 'thrust')\c
<hw>exuberant</hw> \K/Ig"zju:b(\F'\n)r(\F'\n)nt/, /Eg-/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b lively, high-spirited.\p\B2\b (of a plant etc.) prolific; growing copiously.\p\B3\b (of feelings etc.) abounding, lavish, effusive. \Bexuberance\b\p\In.\i\p\Bexuberantly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \IexubΘrant\i from Latin \Iexuberare\i (as \J\Xex-\x (1),\j \Iuberare\i 'be fruitful' from \Iuber\i 'fertile')\c
<hw>exuberate</hw> \K/Ig"zju:b\F'\nreIt/, /Eg-/\k \Iv.intr.\i be exuberant.
<hw>exude</hw> \K/Ig"zju:d/, /Eg-/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr. & intr.\i (of a liquid, moisture, etc.) escape or cause to escape gradually; ooze out; give off.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i emit (a smell).\p\B3\b \Itr.\i display (an emotion etc.) freely or abundantly \3(exuded displeasure).\c \Bexudate\b \K/"EgzjUdeIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bexudation\b \K/-"deIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bexudative\b \K/Ig"zju:d\F'\ntIv/, /Eg-/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iexsudare\i (as \J\Xex-\x (1),\j \Isudare\i 'sweat')\c
<hw>exult</hw> \K/Ig"zVlt/, /Eg-/\k \Iv.intr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bat,\b \Bin,\b \Bover,\b or \Bto\b + infin.)\i\p\B1\b be greatly joyful.\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Bover)\b\i have a feeling of triumph (over a person). \Bexultancy\b\p\In.\i\p\Bexultant\b \Iadj.\i \Bexultantly\b \Iadv.\i \Bexultation\b \K/-"teIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bexultingly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iexsultare\i (as \J\Xex-\x (1),\j \Isaltare,\i frequentative of \Isalire salt-\i 'leap')\c
<hw>exurb</hw> \K/"Eks\F'\n:b/\k\p\In.\i\pa district outside a city or town, esp. a prosperous area beyond the suburbs. \Bexurban\b \K/Ek"s\F'\n:b(\F'\n)n/\k \Iadj.\i \Bexurbanite\b \K/Ek"s\F'\n:b(\F'\n)nVIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iex\i 'out of' + \Iurbs\i 'city', or back-formation from \Iexurban\i (as \J\Xex-\x (1)\j + \J\Xurban\x,\j on the pattern of \Isuburban)\i\c
<hw>exurbia</hw> \K/Ek"s\F'\n:bI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pthe exurbs collectively; the region beyond the suburbs. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xex-\x (1),\j on the pattern of \Isuburbia\i\c
<hw>exuviae</hw> \K/Ig"zju:vIi:/, /Eg-/\k \In.pl.\i \I(also treated as \Bsing.)\b\i \IZool\i an animal's cast skin or covering. \Bexuvial\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = animal's skins, spoils of the enemy, from \Iexuere\i 'divest oneself of'\c
<hw>exuviate</hw> \K/Ig"zju:vIeIt/, /Eg-/\k \Iv.tr.\i shed (a skin etc.). \Bexuviation\b \K/-"eIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>ex-voto</hw> \K/Eks "v\F'\nUt\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b an offering made in pursuance of a vow. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = out of a vow\c
<hw>eyas</hw> \K/"VI\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a young hawk, esp. one taken from the nest for training in falconry. \BEtymology:\b \3originally \Inyas\i from French \Iniais,\i ultimately from Latin \Inidus\i 'nest': for loss of \In-\i cf. \J\Xadder\x\j\c
<hw>eye</hw> \K/VI/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IAnat Optics\i \Ba\b the organ of sight in humans and other animals. \Bb\b the light-detecting organ in some invertebrates.\p\B2\b \IAnat Optics\i the eye characterized by the colour of the iris \3(has blue eyes).\c\p\B3\b the region round the eye \3(eyes red from weeping).\c\p\B4\b \I(in \Bsing.\b or \Bpl.)\b\i sight; the faculty of sight \3(demonstrate to the eye;\c \2need perfect eyes to be a pilot).\c\p\B5\b a particular visual faculty or talent; visual appreciation \3(a straight eye;\c \2cast an expert eye over).\c\p\B6\b \I(in \Bsing.\b or \Bpl.)\b\i a look, gaze, or glance, esp. as indicating the disposition of the viewer \3(a friendly eye).\c\p\B7\b mental awareness; consciousness.\p\B8\b a person or animal etc. that sees on behalf of another.\p\B9\b \IElectronics\i = \J\Xelectric eye\x.\j\p\B10\b \ICriminol\i \Islang\i = \J\Xprivate eye\x.\j\p\B11\b a thing like an eye, esp.: \Ba\b a spot on a peacock's tail \I(cf.\i \J\Xeyelet\x\p\In.\i\p3).\j \Bb\b the leaf bud of a potato.\p\B12\b the centre of something circular, e.g. a flower or target.\p\B13\b \IMeteorol\i the relatively calm region at the centre of a storm or hurricane.\p\B14\b an aperture in an implement, esp. a needle, for the insertion of something, e.g. thread.\p\B15\b \IMech Needlework\i a ring or loop for a bolt or hook etc. to pass through. \Iv.tr.\i \B(eyes,\b \Beyed,\b \Beyeing\b or \Beying)\b \I(often foll. by \Bup)\b\i watch or observe closely, esp. admiringly or with curiosity or suspicion.\p\1all eyes\c\p\B1\b watching intently.\p\B2\b general attention \3(all eyes were on us).\c\p\1before one's (or one's very) eyes\c right in front of one.\p\1do a person in the eye\c \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i defraud or thwart a person.\p\1an eye for an eye\c retaliation in kind (Exod. 21:24).\p\1eye of a needle\c \Isee\i \J\Xneedle's eye\x.\j\p\1eyes front\c (or \Bleft\b or \Bright)\b \IMil.\i a command to turn the head in the direction stated.\p\1get (or keep) one's eye in\c \BBrit.\b \ISport\i accustom oneself (or keep oneself accustomed) to the conditions of play so as to judge speed, distance, etc.\p\1have an eye for\c be capable of perceiving or appreciating.\p\1have one's eye on\c wish or plan to procure.\p\1have eyes for\c be interested in; wish to acquire.\p\1have an eye to\c have as one's objective; prudently consider.\p\1hit a person in the eye\c (or \Bbetween the eyes)\b \Icolloq.\i be very obvious or impressive.\p\1keep an eye on\c\p\B1\b pay attention to.\p\B2\b look after; take care of.\p\1keep an eye open\c (or \Bout)\b \I(often foll. by \Bfor)\b\i watch out carefully.\p\1keep one's eyes open\c (or \Bpeeled\b or \BBrit.\b \Bskinned)\b watch out; be on the alert.\p\1lower one's eyes\c look modestly or sheepishly down or away.\p\1make eyes\c (or \Bsheep's eyes)\b \I(foll. by \Bat)\b\i look amorously or flirtatiously at.\p\1my (or all my) eye\c \Islang\i nonsense.\p\1one in the eye\c \I(foll. by \Bfor)\b\i a disappointment or setback.\p\1open a person's eyes\c be enlightening or revealing to a person.\p\1raise one's eyes\c look upwards.\p\1see eye to eye\c \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i be in full agreement.\p\1set eyes on\c catch sight of.\p\1take one's eyes off\c \I(usu. in \Bneg.)\b\i stop watching; stop paying attention to.\p\1under the eye of\c under the supervision or observation of.\p\1up to the (or one's) eyes in\c\p\B1\b deeply engaged or involved in; inundated with \3(up to the eyes in work).\c\p\B2\b to the utmost limit \3(mortgaged up to the eyes).\c\p\1with one's eyes open\c deliberately; with full awareness.\p\1with one's eyes shut\c (or \Bclosed)\b\p\B1\b easily; with little effort.\p\B2\b without awareness; unobservantly \3(goes around with his eyes shut).\c\p\1with an eye to\c with a view to; prudently considering.\p\1with a friendly (or jealous etc.) eye\c with a feeling of friendship, jealousy, etc.\p\1with one eye on\c directing one's attention partly to.\p\1with one eye shut\c easily; with little effort \3(could do this with one eye shut).\c \Beyed\b \Iadj.\i \I(also in \Bcomb.).\b\i \Beyeless\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ieage,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>eyeball</hw> \K/"VIbO:l/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\IAnat\i the ball of the eye within the lids and socket.\p\Iv.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b \Islang\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i look or stare at.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i look or stare.\p\1eyeball to eyeball\c confronting closely.\p\1to (or up to) the eyeballs\c \Icolloq.\i completely (permeated, soaked, etc.).
<hw>eyebath</hw> \K/"VIbA:T/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a small glass or vessel for applying lotion etc. to the eye.
<hw>eye bolt</hw>\p\In.\i\pa bolt or bar with an eye at the end for a hook etc.
<hw>eyebright</hw> \K/"VIbrVIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i any plant of the genus \IEuphrasia,\i traditionally used as a remedy for weak eyes.
<hw>eyebrow</hw> \K/"VIbraU/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnat\i the line of hair growing on the ridge above the eye socket.\p\1raise one's eyebrows\c (or \Ban eyebrow)\b show surprise, disbelief, or mild disapproval.
<hw>eyeful</hw> \K/"VIfUl/, /-f(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-fuls)\b \Icolloq.\i\p\B1\b a long steady look.\p\B2\b a visually striking person or thing.\p\B3\b anything thrown or blown into the eye.
<hw>eyeglass</hw> \K/"VIglA:s/\k\p\In.\i\p\IOptics\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a lens for correcting or assisting defective sight. \Bb\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i a pair of these held in the hand or kept in position on the nose by means of a frame or a spring. \Bc\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \Besp. N. Amer.\b = \J\Xspectacles\x.\j\K1c new f. corpus, inc., SOED Sept 94\k\p\B2\b \IMed\i a small glass vessel for applying lotion etc. to the eye.
<hw>eyehole</hw> \K/"VIh\F'\nUl/\k\p\In.\i\pa hole to look through.
<hw>eye language</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPsychol\i the process of communication by the expression of the eyes.
<hw>eyelash</hw> \K/"VIlaS/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnat\i each of the hairs growing on the edges of the eyelids.\p\1by an eyelash\c by a very small margin.
<hw>eyelet</hw> \K/"VIlIt/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a small hole in paper, leather, cloth, etc., for string or rope etc. to pass through.\p\B2\b a metal ring reinforcement for this.\p\B3\b a small eye, esp. the ocellus on a butterfly's wing \I(cf.\i \J\Xeye\x\p\In.\i\p11a).\j\p\B4\b \INeedlework\i a form of decoration in embroidery.\p\B5\b a small hole for observation, shooting through, etc. \Iv.tr.\i \B(eyeleted,\b \Beyeleting)\b provide with eyelets. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ioillet,\i diminutive of \Ioil\i 'eye' from Latin \Ioculus\i\c
<hw>eye level</hw>\p\In.\i\pthe level seen by the eyes looking horizontally \I(hyphenated when \Battrib.:\b\i \2eye-level grill).\c
<hw>eyelid</hw> \K/"VIlId/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnat\i the upper or lower fold of skin closing to cover the eye.
<hw>eyeliner</hw> \K/"VIlVIn\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFashion\i a cosmetic applied as a line round the eye.
<hw>eye mask</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a covering of soft material saturated with a lotion for refreshing the eyes.\p\B2\b a covering for the eyes.
<hw>eye-opener</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Icolloq.\i\p\B1\b an enlightening experience; an unexpected revelation.\p\B2\b \BUS\b \IDrink\i an alcoholic drink taken on waking up. \Beye-opening\b \Iadj.\i\K-ing new from SOED, corpus\k
<hw>eyepatch</hw> \K/"VIpatS/\k\p\In.\i\pa patch worn to protect an injured eye.\Knew from SOED, corpus\k
<hw>eyepiece</hw> \K/"VIpi:s/\k\p\In.\i\p\IOptics\i the lens or lenses to which the eye is applied at the end of a microscope, telescope, etc.
<hw>eye-rhyme</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IProsody\i a correspondence of words in spelling but not in pronunciation (e.g. \Ilove\i and \Imove).\i
<hw>eye-shade</hw>\p\In.\i\pa device to protect the eyes, esp. from strong light.
<hw>eyeshadow</hw> \K/"VISad\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFashion\i a coloured cosmetic applied to the skin round the eyes.
<hw>eyeshot</hw> \K/"VISQt/\k\p\In.\i\pseeing-distance \3(out of eyeshot).\c
<hw>eyesight</hw> \K/"VIsVIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IOptics\i the faculty or power of seeing.
<hw>eyesore</hw> \K/"VIsO:/\k\p\In.\i\pa visually offensive or ugly thing, esp. a building.
<hw>eye-spot</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \IZool\i a light-sensitive area on the bodies of some invertebrate animals, e.g. flatworms, starfish, etc.; \Ialso called\i \Iocellus.\i \Bb\b \IBot.\i an area of light-sensitive pigment found in some algae etc.\p\B2\b \IHort.\i a fungal disease of plants characterized by yellowish oval spots on the leaves and stems.
<hw>eye-stalk</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool.\i \IAnat\i a movable stalk carrying the eye, esp. in crabs, shrimps, etc.
<hw>eye strain</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMed Optics\i fatigue of the (internal or external) muscles of the eye.
<hw>eye-tooth</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAnat Dentistry\i a canine tooth just under or next to the eye, esp. one in the upper jaw.
<hw>eyewash</hw> \K/"VIwQS/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMed\i lotion for the eye.\p\B2\b \Islang\i nonsense, bunkum; pretentious or insincere talk.
<hw>eyewitness</hw> \K/"VIwItnIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i a person who has personally seen a thing done or happen and can give evidence of it.
<hw>eye-worm</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a nematode worm, Loa loa, parasitic on humans and other primates in Central and West Africa. \BEtymology:\b \3because it infects the eyes\c
<hw>eyot</hw> \IGeog\i \Ivar. of\i \J\Xait\x.\j
<hw>eyra</hw> \K/"eIr\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool.\i a red form of jaguarundi. \BEtymology:\b \3Tupi \I(e)irara\i\c
<hw>eyrie</hw> \K/"I\F'\nri/, /"VIri/, /"E:ri/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Baerie)\b\p\B1\b \IEcol Zool\i a nest of a bird of prey, esp. an eagle, built high up.\p\B2\b a house etc. perched high up. \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Iaeria,\i \Iaerea,\i etc., probably from Old French \Iaire\i 'lair', ultimately from Latin \Iagrum\i 'piece of ground'\c
<hw>F (1)</hw> \K/Ef/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bf)\b \I(pl.\i \BFs\b or \BF's)\b\p\B1\b the sixth letter of the alphabet.\p\B2\b \IMus.\i the fourth note of the diatonic scale of C major.
<hw>F (2)</hw> \Iabbr.\i (also \BF.)\b\p\B1\b \ISci\i Fahrenheit.\p\B2\b \IBiol\i female.\p\B3\b \BBrit.\b fine (pencil lead).\p\B4\b \IBiol.\i \ISci\i filial generation (as F1 for the first filial generation, F2 for the second, etc.).
<hw>F (3)</hw> \Isymb.\i\p\B1\b \IChem.\i the element fluorine.\p\B2\b \ISci\i farad(s).\p\B3\b \ISci\i force.\p\B4\b \B(F)\b \ISci\i \IElectr.\i faraday.
<hw>FA</hw> \Iabbr.\i\p\B1\b \IFootball\i (in the UK) Football Association.\p\B2\b = \J\XFanny Adams\x 1.\j
<hw>fa</hw> \IMus\i \Ivar. of\i \J\Xfah\x.\j
<hw>FAA</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IMil Aeron\i\p\B1\b (in the UK) Fleet Air Arm.\p\B2\b (in the US) Federal Aviation Administration.\Ksense 2 new f. Incs Oct 94\k
<hw>Fabian</hw> \K/"feIbI\F'\nn/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i a member or supporter of the Fabian Society, an organization of socialists aiming at a gradual rather than revolutionary achievement of socialism. \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IPolit\i relating to or characteristic of the Fabians.\p\B2\b employing a cautiously persistent and dilatory strategy to wear out an enemy \3(Fabian tactics).\c \BFabianism\b\p\In.\i\p\BFabianist\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \IFabianus,\i from the name of Q. \IFabius\i Maximus Cunctator (= delayer), Roman general of the 3rd c. bc, noted for cautious strategies\c
<hw>fable</hw> \K/"feIb(\F'\n)l/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ILiterature etc.\i \Ba\b a story, esp. a supernatural one, not based on fact. \Bb\b a tale, esp. with animals as characters, conveying a moral.\p\B2\b \I\B(collect.)\b\i myths and legendary tales \3(in fable).\c\p\B3\b \Ba\b a false statement; a lie. \Bb\b a thing only supposed to exist.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i tell fictitious tales.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i describe fictitiously.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i (as \Bfabled\b \Iadj.)\i celebrated in fable; famous, legendary. \Bfabler\b \K/"feIbl\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ifabler\i from Latin \Ifabulari,\i from \Ifabula\i 'discourse' from \Ifari\i 'speak'\c
<hw>fabliau</hw> \K/"fablI\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bfabliaux\b \K/-\F'\nUz/\k) \ILiterature\i a metrical tale in early French poetry, often coarsely humorous. \BEtymology:\b \3French from Old French dialect \Ifabliaux,\i \I-ax,\i pl. of \Ifablel\i diminutive of \Ifable,\i from Latin \Ifabula\i (see \J\Xfable\x)\j\c
<hw>Fablon</hw> \K/"fablQn/\k\p\In.\i\p\Ipropr.\i flexible self-adhesive plastic sheeting used for covering furniture, table mats, etc.\Knew f. DJT, Corpus, etym. being investigated. Nov 93\k
<hw>fabric</hw> \K/"fabrIk/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ITextiles\i \Ba\b a woven material; a textile. \Bb\b other material resembling woven cloth.\p\B2\b \IBuilding\i a structure or framework, esp. the walls, floor, and roof of a building.\p\B3\b (in abstract senses) the essential structure or essence of a thing \3(the fabric of society).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via French \Ifabrique\i from Latin \Ifabrica,\i from \Ifaber\i 'worker in metal, stone, etc.'\c
<hw>fabricate</hw> \K/"fabrIkeIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b construct or manufacture, esp. from prepared components.\p\B2\b invent or concoct (a story, evidence, etc.).\p\B3\b \ICriminol\i forge (a document). \Bfabrication\b \K/-"keIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bfabricator\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ifabricare fabricat-\i (as \J\Xfabric\x)\j\c
<hw>fabric conditioner</hw>\p\In.\i\pa liquid added as a conditioner when washing clothes etc.\Knew f. OERD Jun 94\k
<hw>fabulist</hw> \K/"fabjUlIst/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ILiterature\i a composer of fables.\p\B2\b a liar. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ifabuliste\i from Latin \Ifabula:\i see \J\Xfable\x\j\c
<hw>faτade</hw> \K/f\F'\n"sA:d/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bfacade)\b\p\B1\b \IArchit\i the face of a building, esp. its principal front.\p\B2\b an outward appearance or front, esp. a deceptive one. \BEtymology:\b \3French (as \J\Xface\x)\j\c
<hw>face</hw> \K/feIs/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IAnat\i the front of the head from the forehead to the chin.\p\B2\b the expression of the facial features \3(had a happy face).\c\p\B3\b composure, coolness, effrontery.\p\B4\b the surface of a thing, esp. as regarded or approached, esp.: \Ba\b \IAstron\i the visible part of a celestial body. \Bb\b \IMountaineering\i a side of a mountain etc. \3(the north face).\c \Bc\b \IMining\i the (usu. vertical) surface of a coal-seam. \Bd\b \IGeom.\i each surface of a solid. \Be\b \IArchit\i the faτade of a building. \Bf\b \IHorol\i the plate of a clock or watch bearing the digits, hands, etc.\p\B5\b \Ba\b \ITools\i the functional or working side of a tool etc. \Bb\b \ICards\i the distinctive side of a playing card. \Bc\b \INumismatics\i the obverse of a coin.\p\B6\b \IPrinting\i = \J\Xtypeface\x.\j\p\B7\b the outward appearance or aspect \3(the unacceptable face of capitalism).\c\p\B8\b a person, esp. conveying some quality or association \3(a face from the past;\c \2some young faces for a change).\c\p\B9\b esteem, respectable reputation \3(defeat would entail a loss of face).\c\Ksense 9 new f. Incs, not covered in idioms Oct 94\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr. & intr.\i look or be positioned towards or in a certain direction \3(face towards the window;\c \2facing the window;\c \2the room faces north).\c\p\B2\b \Itr.\i be opposite \3(facing page 20).\c\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b \I(often foll. by \Bdown,\b \Bout)\b\i meet resolutely or defiantly; confront \3(face one's critics).\c\K'face down' in this sense new f. SOED Apr. 93\k \Bb\b not shrink from \3(face the facts).\c\p\B4\b \Itr.\i present itself to; confront \3(the problem that faces us;\c \2faces us with a problem).\c\p\B5\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b cover the surface of (a thing) with a coating, extra layer, etc. \Bb\b \INeedlework\i put a facing on (a garment).\p\B6\b \Iintr. & tr.\i \IMil\i turn or cause to turn in a certain direction.\p\1face down\c (or \Bdownwards)\b with the face or surface turned towards the ground, floor, etc. (see also sense 3a of \Iv.).\i\p\1face facts\c (or \Bthe facts)\b recognize the truth.\p\Bface off\b take up an attitude of confrontation, esp. at the start of a fight, game, etc.\Kface off new f. Incs Oct 94\k\p\1face the music\c put up with or stand up to unpleasant consequences, esp. criticism.\p\1face to face\c \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i facing; confronting each other.\p\1face up\c (or \Bupwards)\b with the face or surface turned upwards to view.\p\1face up to\c accept bravely; confront; stand up to.\p\1have the face\c be shameless enough.\p\1in one's (or the) face\c\p\B1\b straight against one; as one approaches.\p\B2\b confronting.\p\1in face (or the face) of\c\p\B1\b despite.\p\B2\b confronted by.\p\1in your face\c \Isee\i \J\Xin-your-face\x.\j\p\1let's face it\c \Icolloq.\i we must be honest or realistic about it.\p\1on the face of it\c as it would appear.\p\1put a bold (or brave) face on it\c accept difficulty etc. cheerfully or with courage.\p\1put one's face on\c \Icolloq.\i apply make-up to one's face.\p\1put a good face on\c make (a matter) look well.\p\1put a new face on\c alter the aspect of.\p\1save face\c preserve esteem; avoid humiliation.\p\1save a person's face\c enable a person to save face; forbear from humiliating a person.\p\1set one's face against\c oppose or resist with determination.\p\1show one's face\c see \J\Xshow\x.\j\p\1to a person's face\c openly in a person's presence. \Bfaced\b \Iadj.\i \I(also in \Bcomb.).\b\i \Bfacing\b \Iadj.\i \I(also in \Bcomb.).\b\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French, ultimately from Latin \Ifacies\i\c
<hw>face-ache</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b\p\B1\b \IMed\i neuralgia.\p\B2\b \Islang\i a mournful-looking or ugly person.
<hw>faceless</hw> \K/"feIslIs/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b without identity; purposely not identifiable.\p\B2\b lacking character.\p\B3\b without a face. \Kfacelessly omitted Nov 93\k\Bfacelessness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>facelift</hw> \K/"feIslIft/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ISurgery\i cosmetic surgery to remove wrinkles etc. by tightening the skin of the face.\p\B2\b a procedure to improve the appearance of a thing.\Kface-lifting omitted Nov 93\k
<hw>face mask</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a mask covering the nose and mouth or nose and eyes.\p\B2\b \IFashion\i = \J\Xface pack\x.\j\Knew f. corpus SOED Nov 93\k
<hw>face-off</hw>\p\In.\i\pa direct confrontation.\Knew f. Incs Oct 94\k
<hw>face pack</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IFashion\i a preparation beneficial to the complexion, spread over the face and removed when dry.
<hw>face paint</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IFashion\i paint for applying to the face. \Bface-painter\b\p\In.\i\p\Bface-painting\b\p\In.\i\p\Knew f. SOED, corpus Nov 93\k
<hw>faceplate</hw> \K/"feIspleIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ICarpentry\i an enlarged end or attachment on the end of a mandrel of a lathe, on which work can be mounted.\p\B2\b \IMech\i a plate protecting a piece of machinery etc.\p\B3\b \IDiving\i the glass window of a diver's helmet.\Knew f. SOED, corpus Nov 93\k
<hw>face powder</hw>\p\In.\i\pa cosmetic powder for reducing the shine on the face.
<hw>facer</hw> \K/"feIs\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Icolloq.\i\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b a sudden difficulty or obstacle.\p\B2\b a blow in the face.
<hw>face-saving</hw>\p\In.\i\p\I(usu. \Battrib.)\b\i the preserving of one's reputation, credibility, etc. \Bface-saver\b\p\In.\i\p\K-er new f. SOED, corpus Nov 93\k
<hw>facet</hw> \K/"fasIt/, /-Et/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a particular aspect of a thing.\p\B2\b one side of a many-sided body, esp. of a cut gem.\p\B3\b one segment of a compound eye. \Bfaceted\b \Iadj.\i \I(also in \Bcomb.).\b\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ifacette,\i diminutive (as \J\Xface\x,\j \J\X-ette\x)\j\c
<hw>facetiae</hw> \K/f\F'\n"si:SIi:/\k \In.pl.\i\p\B1\b pleasantries, witticisms.\p\B2\b \ILiterature\i (in bookselling) pornography. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, pl. of \Ifacetia\i 'jest' from \Ifacetus\i 'witty'\c
<hw>facetious</hw> \K/f\F'\n"si:S\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b characterized by flippant or inopportune humour.\p\B2\b (of a person) intending to be amusing, esp. inopportunely. \Bfacetiously\b \Iadv.\i \Bfacetiousness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \IfacΘtieux\i from \IfacΘtie,\i from Latin \Ifacetia\i 'jest'\c
<hw>face-to-face</hw> \Iattrib.adj.\i with the people involved facing each other or in each other's presence \3(face-to-face discussions).\c\Knew f. corpus Nov 93\k
<hw>face value</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the nominal value as printed or stamped on money.\p\B2\b the superficial appearance or implication of a thing.
<hw>faceworker</hw> \K/"feIsw\F'\n:k\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMining\i a miner who works at the coalface.
<hw>facia</hw>\K/"feIS\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bfascia)\b\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b \IMech\i \Ba\b the instrument panel of a motor vehicle. \Bb\b any similar panel or plate for operating machinery.\p\B2\b \ICommerce\i the upper part of a shopfront with the proprietor's name etc.
<hw>facial</hw> \K/"feIS(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i of or for the face.\p\In.\i\p\IFashion\i a beauty treatment for the face. \Bfacially\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Ifacialis\i (as \J\Xface\x)\j\c
<hw>-facient</hw> \K/"feIS(\F'\n)nt/\k \Icomb. form\i forming adjectives and nouns indicating an action or state produced \3(abortifacient).\c \BEtymology:\b \3from or after Latin -\Ifaciens -entis,\i part. of \Ifacere\i 'make'\c
<hw>facies</hw> \K/"feISIi:z/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i same)\p\B1\b \IMed.\i the appearance or facial expression of an individual.\p\B2\b \IGeol.\i the character of rock etc. expressed by its composition, fossil content, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = \J\Xface\x\j\c
<hw>facile</hw> \K/"fasVIl/, /-sIl/\k \Iadj.\i usu. \Iderog.\i\p\B1\b easily achieved but of little value.\p\B2\b (of speech, writing, etc.) fluent, ready, glib. \Bfacilely\b \Iadv.\i \Bfacileness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Ifacile\i or Latin \Ifacilis,\i from \Ifacere\i 'do'\c
<hw>facilitate</hw> \K/f\F'\n"sIlIteIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i make easy or less difficult or more easily achieved. \Bfacilitation\b \K/-"teIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bfacilitative\b \K/-t\F'\ntIv/\k \Iadj.\i \Bfacilitator\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Ifaciliter\i via Italian \Ifacilitare,\i from \Ifacile\i 'easy', from Latin \Ifacilis\i\c
<hw>facility</hw> \K/f\F'\n"sIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b ease; absence of difficulty.\p\B2\b fluency, dexterity, aptitude \3(facility of expression).\c\p\B3\b \I(esp. in \Bpl.)\b\i an opportunity, the equipment, or the resources for doing something.\p\B4\b \BUS\b a plant, installation, or establishment. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IfacilitΘ\i or Latin \Ifacilitas\i (as \J\Xfacile\x)\j\c
<hw>facing</hw> \K/"feIsIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IClothing\i \Ba\b a layer of material covering part of a garment etc. for contrast or strength. \Bb\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \IMil\i the cuffs, collar, etc., of a military jacket.\p\B2\b \IArchit\i an outer layer covering the surface of a wall etc.
<hw>facsimile</hw> \K/fak"sImIli/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an exact copy, esp. of writing, printing, a picture, etc. \I(often \Battrib.:\b\i \2facsimile edition).\c\p\B2\b \ITelegraphy\i \Ba\b production of an exact copy of a document etc. by electronic scanning and transmission of the resulting data (see also \J\Xfax\x).\j \Bb\b a copy produced in this way. \Iv.tr.\i \B(facsimiled,\b \Bfacsimileing)\b make a facsimile of.\p\1in facsimile\c as an exact copy. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from Latin \Ifac,\i imperative of \Ifacere\i 'make' + \Isimile,\i neut. of \Isimilis\i 'like'\c
<hw>fact</hw> \K/fakt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a thing that is known to have occurred, to exist, or to be true.\p\B2\b a datum of experience \I(often foll. by an explanatory clause or phrase:\i \2the fact that fire burns;\c \2the fact of my having seen them).\c\p\B3\b \I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i an item of verified information; a piece of evidence.\p\B4\b truth, reality.\p\B5\b a thing assumed as the basis for argument or inference.\p\1before (or after) the fact\c \ILaw\i before (or after) the committing of a crime.\p\1a fact of life\c something that must be accepted.\p\1facts and figures\c precise details.\p\1in (or in point of) fact\c\p\B1\b in reality; as a matter of fact.\p\B2\b (in summarizing) in short. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ifactum,\i from \Ifacere\i 'do'\c
<hw>factice</hw> \K/"faktIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i a rubber-like substance obtained by vulcanizing unsaturated vegetable oils. \BEtymology:\b \3German \IFaktis\i from Latin \Ifacticius\i 'artificial, \J\Xfactitious\x\j'\c
<hw>faction (1)</hw> \K/"fakS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i\p\B1\b a small organized dissentient group within a larger one, esp. in politics.\p\B2\b a state of dissension within an organization. \BEtymology:\b \3French from Latin \Ifactio -onis,\i from \Ifacere fact-\i 'do, make'\c
<hw>faction (2)</hw> \K/"fakS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IDrama Cinematog.\i a book, film, etc., using real events as a basis for a fictional narrative or dramatization. \BEtymology:\b \3blend of \J\Xfact\x\j and \J\Xfiction\x\j\c
<hw>-faction</hw> \K/"fakS(\F'\n)n/\k \Icomb. form\i forming nouns of action from verbs in \I-fy\i \3(petrifaction;\c \2satisfaction).\c \BEtymology:\b \3from or suggested by Latin \I-factio -factionis\i from -\Ifacere\i 'do, make'\c
<hw>factional</hw> \K/"fakS(\F'\n)n(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \IPolit\i\p\B1\b of or characterized by faction.\p\B2\b belonging to a faction. \Bfactionalism\b\p\In.\i\p\Bfactionalize\b \Iv.tr. & intr.\i (also \B-ise).\b \Bfactionally\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xfaction\x (1)\j\c
<hw>factious</hw> \K/"fakS\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i \IPolit\i of, characterized by, or inclined to faction. \Bfactiously\b \Iadv.\i \Bfactiousness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xfaction\x (1)\j\c The similarity in sense between \Ifaction\i (see \J\Xfaction\x (1) 1)\j and \Ifraction\i (see \J\Xfraction\x 4)\j may lead to confusion between the adjectives \Ifactious\i and \Ifractious.\i \IFractious,\i however is now only used to mean 'unruly' or 'peevish'.
<hw>factitious</hw> \K/fak"tIS\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b specially contrived, not genuine \3(factitious value).\c\p\B2\b artificial, not natural \3(factitious joy).\c \Bfactitiously\b \Iadv.\i \Bfactitiousness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ifacticius\i from \Ifacere fact-\i 'do, make'\c
<hw>factitive</hw> \K/"faktItIv/\k \Iadj.\i \IGram.\i (of a verb) having a sense of regarding or designating, and taking a complement as well as an object (e.g. \Iappointed me captain).\i \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \Ifactitivus,\i formed irregularly from Latin \Ifactitare,\i frequentative of \Ifacere fact-\i 'do, make'\c
<hw>factoid</hw> \K/"faktOId/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an assumption or speculation that is reported and repeated so often that it becomes accepted as fact; a simulated or imagined fact.\p\B2\b \BUS\b a brief or trivial item of news or information.\Ksense 2 new f. Incomings Nov 94\k \Iadj.\i being or having the character of a factoid; containing factoids.
<hw>factor</hw> \K/"fakt\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a circumstance, fact, or influence contributing to a result.\p\B2\b \IMath.\i a whole number etc. that when multiplied with another produces a given number or expression.\p\B3\b \IBiol.\i a gene etc. determining hereditary character.\p\B4\b \I(foll. by identifying number)\i \IMed.\i any of a group of substances in the blood contributing to coagulation \3(factor VIII).\c\p\B5\b \Ba\b \ICommerce\i a business agent; a merchant buying and selling on commission. \Bb\b \BSc.\b a land agent or steward. \Bc\b an agent or deputy.\p\B6\b \ICommerce\i a company that buys a manufacturer's invoices and takes responsibility for collecting the payments due on them. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \IMath.\i resolve into factors or components.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \ICommerce\i sell (one's receivable debts) to a factor. \Bfactorable\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ifacteur\i or Latin \Ifactor,\i from \Ifacere fact-\i 'do, make'\c
<se sk=factora><hw>factor VIII</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bfactor eight)\b \IMed.\i a blood protein involved in clotting, whose deficiency causes haemophilia.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Jan 94\k
<hw>factorage</hw> \K/"fakt(\F'\n)rIdZ/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i commission or charges payable to a factor.
<hw>factor analysis</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IStatistics\i a process by which the relative importance of variables in the study of a sample is assessed by mathematical techniques.
<hw>factorial</hw> \K/fak"tO:rI\F'\nl/\k \In. & adj.\i \IMath.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the product of a number and all the whole numbers below it \3(factorial four = 4 ╫ 3 ╫ 2 ╫ 1)\c (symbol ! as in 4!).\Ksymb\k\p\B2\b the product of a series of factors in an arithmetical progression. \Iadj.\i of a factor or factorial. \Bfactorially\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>factorize</hw> \K/"fakt\F'\nrVIz/\k\p\Iv.\i\p(also \B-ise)\b \IMath.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i resolve into factors.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i be capable of resolution into factors. \Bfactorization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>factory</hw> \K/"fakt(\F'\n)ri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \IIndustry\i a building or buildings containing plant or equipment, where manufacturing processes are carried out.\p\B2\b \Ihist.\i a merchant company's foreign trading station. \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Ifactorium\i and Portuguese \Ifeitoria\i ultimately from Latin (as \J\Xfactor\x)\j\c
<hw>factory farming</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAgriculture\i a system of rearing livestock using industrial or intensive methods. \Bfactory farm\b\p\In.\i\p\K-farm subsumed in COD9 Aug 92\k
<hw>factory floor</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IIndustry\i workers in industry as distinct from management.
<hw>factory ship</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IFishing\i a fishing ship with facilities for immediate processing of the catch.
<hw>factory shop</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bfactory outlet)\b \ICommerce\i a shop in which goods, often surplus stock, are sold directly by the manufacturers at a discount.\Knew f. EWP, incomings Dec 94\k
<hw>factotum</hw> \K/fak"t\F'\nUt\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bfactotums)\b \ICommerce\i an employee who does all kinds of work. \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin from Latin \Ifac,\i imperative of \Ifacere\i 'do, make' + \Itotum,\i neut. of \Itotus\i 'whole'\c
<hw>fact sheet</hw>\p\In.\i\pa paper setting out relevant information.
<hw>facts of life</hw> \In.pl.\i \I(prec. by \Bthe)\b\i \IBiol\i information about sexual functions and practices, esp. as given to children or teenagers.
<hw>factual</hw> \K/"faktSU\F'\nl/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b based on or concerned with fact or facts.\p\B2\b actual, true. \Bfactuality\b \K/-"alIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bfactually\b \Iadv.\i \Bfactualness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xfact\x,\j on the pattern of \Iactual\i\c
<hw>factum</hw> \K/"fakt\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bfactums\b or \Bfacta\b \K/-t\F'\n/\k) \ILaw\i\p\B1\b an act or deed.\p\B2\b a statement of facts. \BEtymology:\b \3French from Latin: see \J\Xfact\x\j\c
<hw>facture</hw> \K/"faktS\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IArt\i the quality of execution, esp. of the surface of a painting. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Ifactura,\i from \Ifacere fact-\i 'do, make'\c
<hw>facula</hw> \K/"fakjUl\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bfaculae\b \K/-li:/\k) \IAstron.\i a bright spot or streak on the sun. \Bfacular\b \Iadj.\i \Bfaculous\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, diminutive of \Ifax facis\i 'torch'\c
<hw>facultative</hw> \K/"fak(\F'\n)lt\F'\ntIv/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \ILaw\i enabling an act to take place.\p\B2\b that may occur.\p\B3\b \IBiol.\i not restricted to a particular function, mode of life, etc.\p\B4\b of a faculty. \Bfacultatively\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ifacultatif -ive\i (as \J\Xfaculty\x)\j\c
<hw>faculty</hw> \K/"fak(\F'\n)lti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b an aptitude or ability for a particular activity.\p\B2\b an inherent mental or physical power.\p\B3\b \IEducation\i \Ba\b \BBrit.\b a group of university departments concerned with a major division of knowledge \3(faculty of modern languages).\c \Bb\b \BN. Amer.\b the teaching staff of a university or college. \Bc\b \BBrit.\b a branch of art or science; those qualified to teach it.\p\B4\b \IMed\i the members of a particular profession, esp. medicine.\p\B5\b \IEccl\i authorization, esp. by a Church authority. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \IfacultΘ\i from Latin \Ifacultas -tatis,\i from \Ifacilis\i 'easy'\c
<hw>Faculty of Advocates</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i the society constituting the Scottish Bar.
<hw>fad</hw> \K/fad/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a craze.\p\B2\b a peculiar notion or idiosyncrasy. \Bfaddish\b \Iadj.\i \Bfaddishly\b \Iadv.\i \Bfaddishness\b\p\In.\i\p\Bfaddism\b\p\In.\i\p\Bfaddist\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \319th c. (originally dialect): probably via \Ifidfad\i from \J\Xfiddle-faddle\x\j\c
<hw>faddy</hw> \K/"fadi/\k \Iadj.\i \B(faddier,\b \Bfaddiest)\b \BBrit.\b having arbitrary likes and dislikes, esp. about food. \Bfaddily\b \Iadv.\i \Bfaddiness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>fade</hw> \K/feId/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr. & tr.\i lose or cause to lose colour.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i lose freshness or strength; (of flowers etc.) droop, wither.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i \Ba\b (of colour, light, etc.) disappear gradually; grow pale or dim. \Bb\b (of sound) grow faint.\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i (of a feeling etc.) diminish.\p\B5\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Baway,\b \Bout)\b\i (of a person etc.) disappear or depart gradually.\p\B6\b \Itr.\i \I(foll. by \Bin,\b \Bout)\b\i \ICinematog.\i & \IBroadcasting\i \Ba\b cause (a picture) to come gradually in or out of view on a screen, or to merge into another shot. \Bb\b make (the sound) more or less audible.\p\B7\b \Iintr.\i \IRadio-Telegraphy\i (of a radio signal) vary irregularly in intensity.\p\B8\b \Iintr.\i \IMech\i (of a brake) temporarily lose effectiveness.\p\B9\b \IGolf\i \Ba\b \Iintr.\i (of a ball) deviate from a straight course, esp. in a deliberate slice. \Bb\b \Itr.\i cause (a ball) to fade.\p\In.\i\p\ICinematog Broadcasting Mech\i the action or an instance of fading.\p\1do a fade\c \Islang\i depart.\p\Bfade away\b languish, grow thin. \Bfadeless\b \Iadj.\i \Bfader\b\p\In.\i\p(in sense 6 of\p\Iv.\i\p). \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ifader,\i from \Ifade\i 'dull, insipid', probably ultimately from Latin \Ifatuus\i 'silly' + \Ivapidus\i \J\Xvapid\x\j\c
<hw>fade-in</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICinematog.\i & \IBroadcasting\i the action or an instance of fading in a picture or sound.
<hw>fade-out</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Icolloq.\i disappearance, death.\p\B2\b \ICinematog.\i & \IBroadcasting\i the action or an instance of fading out a picture or sound.
<hw>fadge</hw> \K/fadZ/\k\p\In.\i\p\BAustral.\b & \BNZ\b \IAgriculture\i\p\B1\b a limp package of wool.\p\B2\b a loosely packed wool bale. \BEtymology:\b \316th-c. English dialect: origin uncertain\c
<hw>fado</hw> \K/"fA:d\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b \IMus\i a type of (esp. plaintive) popular Portuguese song.\Knew f. SOED, Incomings Apr 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Portuguese, literally 'fate'\c
<hw>faeces</hw> \K/"fi:si:z/\k \In.pl.\i \B(US\b \Bfeces)\b \IPhysiol\i waste matter discharged from the bowels. \Bfaecal\b \K/"fi:k(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, pl. of \Ifaex\i 'dregs'\c
<hw>faerie</hw> \K/"feI\F'\nri/, /"fE:ri/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bfaery)\b \Iarchaic\i\p\B1\b fairyland; the fairies, esp. as represented by Spenser \3(Faerie Queene).\c\p\B2\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i visionary, fancied. \BEtymology:\b \3variant of \J\Xfairy\x\j\c
<hw>Faeroese</hw> \K/fE:r\F'\nU"i:z/\k \Iadj. & n.\i (also \BFaroese)\b \Iadj.\i of or relating to the Faeroes, an island group in the N. Atlantic between Norway and Iceland.\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i same)\p\B1\b \IPeople\i a native of the Faeroes; a person of Faeroese descent.\p\B2\b \ILanguage\i the Norse language of the Faeroese.
<hw>fag (1)</hw> \K/fag/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Besp. Brit.\b \Icolloq.\i a piece of drudgery; a wearisome or unwelcome task.\p\B2\b \Besp. Brit.\b \Icolloq.\i a cigarette.\p\B3\b \BBrit.\b \IEducation\i (at public schools) a junior pupil who runs errands for a senior.\p\Iv.\i\p\B(fagged,\b \Bfagging)\b\p\B1\b \Icolloq.\i \Ba\b \Itr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bout)\b\i tire out; exhaust. \Bb\b \Iintr.\i \BBrit.\b toil.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \BBrit.\b \IEducation\i (at public schools) act as a fag.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bout)\b\i \INaut.\i fray (the end of a rope etc.). \BEtymology:\b \316th c., origin unknown: cf. \J\Xflag\x (1)\j\c
<hw>fag (2)</hw> \K/fag/\k\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b \Islang\i \Ioffens.\i a male homosexual. \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation of \J\Xfaggot\x\j\c
<hw>fag end</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Icolloq.\i\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b a cigarette end.\p\B2\b an inferior or useless remnant.
<hw>faggot</hw> \K/"fag\F'\nt/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i \BBrit.\b \IFood\i a ball or roll of seasoned chopped liver etc., baked or fried.\p\B2\b \B(US\b \Bfagot)\b \Ba\b a bundle of sticks or twigs bound together as fuel. \Bb\b a bundle of iron rods for heat treatment. \Bc\b a bunch of herbs.\p\B3\b \Islang\i \Ba\b \BBrit.\b \Iderog.\i an unpleasant woman. \Bb\b \BN. Amer.\b \Ioffens.\i a male homosexual. \Iv.tr.\i \B(faggoted,\b \Bfaggoting;\b \BUS\b \Bfagoted,\b \Bfagoting)\b\p\B1\b bind in or make into faggots.\p\B2\b \INeedlework\i join by faggoting (see \J\Xfaggoting\x).\j \Bfaggoty\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ifagot,\i of uncertain origin\c
<hw>faggoting</hw> \K/"fag\F'\ntIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Bfagoting)\b\p\B1\b \INeedlework\i embroidery in which threads are fastened together like a faggot.\p\B2\b the joining of materials in a similar manner.
<hw>fah</hw> \K/fA:/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bfa)\b \IMus.\i\p\B1\b (in tonic sol-fa) the fourth note of a major scale.\p\B2\b the note F in the fixed-doh system. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English \Ifa\i from Latin \Ifamuli:\i see \J\Xgamut\x\j\c
<hw>Fahr.</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IMeteorol\i Fahrenheit.
<hw>Fahrenheit</hw> \K/"far(\F'\n)nhVIt/, /"fA:r-/\k \Iadj.\i \IMeteorol Physics\i of or measured on a scale of temperature on which water freezes at 32░ and boils at 212░ under standard conditions. \BEtymology:\b \3named after G. \IFahrenheit,\i German physicist d. 1736\c
<hw>faience</hw> \K/fVI"Q~s/, /feI-/, /-"A:ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPottery\i decorated and glazed earthenware and porcelain, e.g. delft or majolica. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ifa∩ence\i from \IFaenza,\i a city in Italy (originally denoting pottery made there)\c
<hw>fail</hw> \K/feIl/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i not succeed \3(failed in persuading;\c \2failed to qualify;\c \2tried but failed).\c\p\B2\b \Ba\b \Itr. & intr.\i be unsuccessful in (an examination, test, interview, etc.); be rejected as a candidate. \Bb\b \Itr.\i (of a commodity etc.) not pass (a test of quality). \Bc\b \Itr.\i reject (a candidate etc.); adjudge unsuccessful.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i be unable to; neglect to; choose not to \3(I fail to see the reason;\c \2he failed to appear).\c\p\B4\b \Itr.\i disappoint; let down; not serve when needed.\p\B5\b \Iintr.\i (of supplies, crops, etc.) be or become lacking or insufficient.\p\B6\b \Iintr.\i become weaker; cease functioning; break down \3(her health is failing;\c \2the engine has failed).\c\p\B7\b \Iintr.\i \Ba\b (of an enterprise) collapse; come to nothing. \Bb\b become bankrupt.\p\In.\i\p\IEducation etc.\i a failure in an examination or test.\p\1without fail\c for certain, whatever happens. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ifaillir\i \I(v.),\i \Ifail(l)e\i \I(n.),\i ultimately from Latin \Ifallere\i 'deceive'\c
<hw>failed</hw> \K/feIld/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b unsuccessful; not good enough \3(a failed actor).\c\p\B2\b weak, deficient; broken-down \3(a failed crop;\c \2a failed battery).\c
<hw>failing</hw> \K/"feIlIN/\k \In. & prep.\i\p\In.\i\pa fault or shortcoming; a weakness, esp. in character. \Iprep.\i in default of; if not.
<hw>fail-safe</hw> \Iadj.\i reverting to a safe condition in the event of a breakdown etc.
<hw>failure</hw> \K/"feIlj\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b lack of success; failing.\p\B2\b an unsuccessful person, thing, or attempt.\p\B3\b non-performance, non-occurrence.\p\B4\b breaking down or ceasing to function \3(heart failure;\c \2engine failure).\c\p\B5\b running short of supply etc.\p\B6\b bankruptcy, collapse. \BEtymology:\b \3earlier \Ifailer\i from Anglo-French, = Old French \Ifaillir\i \J\Xfail\x\j\c
<hw>fain</hw> \K/feIn/\k \Iadj. & adv.\i \Iarchaic\i \Ipredic.adj.\i \I(foll. by \Bto\b + infin.)\i\p\B1\b willing under the circumstances to.\p\B2\b left with no alternative but to. \Iadv.\i gladly \3(esp. would fain).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ifµgen,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>fainΘant</hw> \K/"feIneIQ~/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\pan idle or ineffective person. \Iadj.\i idle, inactive. \BEtymology:\b \3French, from \Ifait\i 'does' + \InΘant\i 'nothing'\c
<hw>faint</hw> \K/feInt/\k \Iadj., v., & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b indistinct, pale, dim; quiet; not clearly perceived.\p\B2\b \IMed\i (of a person) weak or giddy; inclined to faint.\p\B3\b slight, remote, inadequate \3(a faint chance).\c\p\B4\b feeble, half-hearted \3(faint praise).\c\p\B5\b = \J\Xfeint\x (2).\j \Iv.intr.\i \IMed\i\p\B1\b lose consciousness from a drop in blood pressure.\p\B2\b become faint.\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a sudden loss of consciousness; fainting.\p\1not have the faintest\c \Icolloq.\i have no idea. \Bfaintness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French, past part. of \Ifaindre\i \J\Xfeign\x\j\c
<hw>faint heart</hw>\p\In.\i\pa cowardly nature.
<hw>faint-hearted</hw> \Iadj.\i cowardly, timid. \Bfaint-heartedly\b \Iadv.\i \Bfaint-heartedness\b\p\In.\i\p\K-heartedly and -heartedness subsumed in COD9 Aug 92\k
<hw>faintly</hw> \K/"feIntli/\k \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b very slightly \3(faintly amused).\c\p\B2\b indistinctly, feebly.
<hw>fair (1)</hw> \K/fE:/\k \Iadj., adv., n., & v.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b just, unbiased, equitable; in accordance with the rules.\p\B2\b blond; light or pale in colour or complexion.\p\B3\b \Ba\b of (only) moderate quality or amount; average. \Bb\b considerable, satisfactory \3(a fair chance of success).\c\p\B4\b \IMeteorol\i (of weather) fine and dry; (of the wind) favourable.\p\B5\b clean, clear, unblemished \3(fair copy).\c\p\B6\b beautiful, attractive.\p\B7\b \Iarchaic\i kind, gentle.\p\B8\b \Ba\b specious \3(fair speeches).\c \Bb\b complimentary \3(fair words).\c\p\B9\b \BAustral.\b & \BNZ\b complete, unquestionable. \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b in a fair manner \3(play fair).\c\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b exactly, completely \3(was hit fair on the jaw).\c\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a fair thing.\p\B2\b \Iarchaic\i a beautiful woman.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \IShipbuilding Aeron Engin\i make (the surface of a ship, aircraft, etc.) smooth and streamlined.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \Idial.\i \IMeteorol\i (of the weather) become fair.\p\1fair and square\c \Iadv. & adj.\i\p\B1\b exactly.\p\B2\b straightforward, honest, above board.\p\1fair crack of the whip\c \Isee\i \J\Xcrack\x.\j\p\1a fair deal\c equitable treatment.\p\1fair dinkum\c \Isee\i \J\Xdinkum\x.\j\p\1fair dos\c \K/du:z/\k \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i fair shares.\p\1fair enough\c \Icolloq.\i that is reasonable or acceptable.\p\1fair name\c a good reputation.\p\1fair's fair\c \Icolloq.\i all involved should act fairly.\p\1a fair treat\c \Icolloq.\i a very enjoyable or attractive thing or person.\p\1for fair\c \BUS\b \Islang\i completely.\p\1in a fair way to\c likely to. \Bfairish\b \Iadj.\i \Bfairness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ifµger,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>fair (2)</hw> \K/fE:/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Ipseudo-archaic\i \Bfayre)\b\p\B1\b a gathering of stalls, amusements, etc., for public (usu. outdoor) entertainment.\p\B2\b a periodical gathering for the sale of goods, often with entertainments.\p\B3\b \ICommerce\i an exhibition, esp. to promote particular products. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ifeire\i from Late Latin \Iferia,\i sing. from Latin \Iferiae\i 'holiday'\c
<hw>fair game</hw>\p\In.\i\pa thing or person one may legitimately pursue, exploit, etc.
<hw>fairground</hw> \K/"fE:graUnd/\k\p\In.\i\pan outdoor area where a fair is held.
<hw>fairing (1)</hw> \K/"fE:rIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAeron Mech\i\p\B1\b a streamlining structure added to a ship, aircraft, vehicle, etc.\p\B2\b the process of streamlining. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xfair\x (1)\p\Iv.\i\p1\j + \J\X-ing\x (1)\j\c
<hw>fairing (2)</hw> \K/"fE:rIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \Iarchaic\i a present bought at a fair.
<hw>Fair Isle</hw>\p\In.\i\p\I(also \Battrib.)\b\i \IKnitting Clothing\i a piece of knitwear knitted in a characteristic particoloured design. \BEtymology:\b \3\IFair Isle\i in the Shetlands, where the design was first devised\c
<hw>fairlead</hw> \K/"fE:li:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\INaut.\i \IShipbuilding\i a device to guide rope etc., e.g. to prevent cutting or chafing.
<hw>fairly</hw> \K/"fE:li/\k \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b in a fair manner; justly.\p\B2\b moderately, acceptably \3(fairly good).\c\p\B3\b to a noticeable degree \3(fairly narrow).\c\p\B4\b utterly, completely \3(fairly beside himself).\c\p\B5\b actually \3(fairly jumped for joy).\c\p\1fairly and squarely\c = \Ifair and square\i (see \J\Xfair\x (1)).\j
<hw>fair-minded</hw> \Iadj.\i just, impartial. \Bfair-mindedly\b \Iadv.\i \Bfair-mindedness\b\p\In.\i\p\K-mindedly and -mindedness subsumed in COD9 Aug 92\k
<hw>fair play</hw>\p\In.\i\preasonable treatment or behaviour.
<hw>fair rent</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i the amount of rent which a tenant may reasonably be expected to pay according to established guidelines.
<hw>fair sex</hw>\p\In.\i\p\I(prec. by \Bthe)\b\i women.
<hw>fair-spoken</hw> \Iadj.\i courteous.
<hw>fairwater</hw> \K/"fE:wO:t\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\INaut\i a structure on a ship etc. assisting its passage through water.
<hw>fairway</hw> \K/"fE:weI/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \INaut\i a navigable channel; a regular course or track of a ship.\p\B2\b \IGolf\i the part of a golf course between a tee and its green, kept free of rough grass.
<hw>fair-weather friend</hw>\p\In.\i\pa friend or ally who is unreliable in times of difficulty.
<hw>fairy</hw> \K/"fE:ri/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b a small imaginary being of human form, believed to possess magical powers.\p\B2\b \Islang\i \Ioffens.\i a male homosexual. \Iadj.\i of fairies, fairy-like, delicate, small. \Bfairy-like\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ifaerie,\i from \Ifae\i \J\Xfay\x\j\c
<hw>fairy armadillo</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a very small furry burrowing armadillo of the genus \IChlamyphorus.\i\Knew f. NSOED Nov 94\k
<hw>fairy cake</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ICookery\i a small individual usu. iced sponge cake.
<hw>fairy cycle</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ITransport\i a small bicycle for a child.
<hw>fairy godmother</hw>\p\In.\i\pa benefactress.
<hw>fairyland</hw> \K/"fE:rIland/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the imaginary home of fairies.\p\B2\b an enchanted region.
<hw>fairy lights</hw> \In.pl.\i \Besp. Brit.\b small coloured lights, esp. for outdoor decoration.
<hw>fairy ring</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IHort.\i a ring of darker grass caused by fungi.
<hw>fairy story</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bfairy tale)\b\p\B1\b \ILiterature etc.\i a children's tale about fairies.\p\B2\b an incredible story; a fabrication.
<hw>fait accompli</hw> \K/feIt \F'\n"kQ~pli/, /\F'\n"kQmpli/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bfaits accomplis\b \Ipronunc.\i same) a thing that has been done and is past arguing against or altering. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = accomplished fact\c
<hw>faith</hw> \K/feIT/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b complete trust or confidence.\p\B2\b firm belief, esp. without logical proof.\p\B3\b \IRelig Theol\i \Ba\b a system of religious belief \3(the Christian faith).\c \Bb\b belief in religious doctrines. \Bc\b spiritual apprehension of divine truth apart from proof. \Bd\b things believed or to be believed.\p\B4\b duty or commitment to fulfil a trust, promise, etc.; obligation, allegiance \3(keep faith).\c\p\B5\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i concerned with a supposed ability to cure by faith rather than treatment \3(faith healing).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Anglo-French \Ifed\i and Old French \Ifeid\i from Latin \Ifides\i\c
<hw>faithful</hw> \K/"feITfUl/, /-f(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b showing faith.\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i loyal, trustworthy, constant.\p\B3\b accurate; true to fact \3(a faithful account).\c\p\B4\b \Ba\b \B(the Faithful)\b \IRelig\i the believers in a religion, esp. Muslims or Christians. \Bb\b \B(the faithful)\b \IPolit.\i the loyal adherents of a political party.\KPolit sense new fron NEWS Apr 93\k \Bfaithfulness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>faithfully</hw> \K/"feITfUli/, /-f(\F'\n)li/\k \Iadv.\i in a faithful manner.\p\1yours faithfully\c \Besp. Brit.\b a formula for ending a business or formal letter.
<hw>faith healing</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i healing achieved by faith and prayer as opposed to conventional medicine. \Bfaith healer\b\p\In.\i\p\Knew from corpus, SOED\k
<hw>faithless</hw> \K/"feITlIs/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b false, unreliable, disloyal.\p\B2\b \IRelig\i without religious faith. \Bfaithlessly\b \Iadv.\i \Bfaithlessness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>fajita</hw> \K/f\F'\n"hi:t\F'\n/, /f\F'\n"dZi:t\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFood\i a kind of soft tortilla wrapped around spiced meats, cheese, salad, etc.\Knew f. Incs Oct 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Mexican Spanish\c
<hw>fake (1)</hw> \K/feIk/\k \In., adj., & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a thing or person that is not genuine.\p\B2\b a trick. \Iadj.\i counterfeit; not genuine. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b make (a false thing) appear genuine; forge, counterfeit.\p\B2\b make a pretence of having (a feeling, illness, etc.). \Bfaker\b\p\In.\i\p\Bfakery\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3obsolete \Ifeak,\i \Ifeague\i 'thrash' from German \Ifegen\i 'sweep, thrash'\c
<hw>fake (2)</hw> \K/feIk/\k \In. & v.\i \INaut.\i\p\In.\i\pone round of a coil of rope. \Iv.tr.\i coil (rope). \BEtymology:\b \317th c.: perhaps related to Scottish \Ifaik\i 'fold'\c
<hw>fakir</hw> \K/"feIkI\F'\n/, /"fa-/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bfaquir)\b \IRelig\i a Muslim or (rarely) Hindu religious mendicant or ascetic. \BEtymology:\b \3Arabic \Ifakir\i 'needy man'\c
<hw>falafel</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xfelafel\x.\j
<hw>Falange</hw> \K/f\F'\n"lan(d)Z/, /f\F'\n"lA:n(d)Z/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i the Fascist movement in Spain, founded in 1933. \BFalangism\b\p\In.\i\p\BFalangist\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Spanish, = \J\Xphalanx\x\j\c
<hw>Falasha</hw> \K/f\F'\n"lA:S\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i same or \BFalashas)\b \IRelig. People\i an Ethiopian holding the Jewish faith.\Knew from R. Lindsay & NEWS Apr 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Amharic, = exile, immigrant\c
<hw>falcate</hw> \K/"falkeIt/\k \Iadj.\i \IAnat.\i curved like a sickle. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ifalcatus\i from \Ifalx falcis\i 'sickle'\c
<hw>falchion</hw> \K/"fO:l(t)S(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i \Ihist.\i a broad curved sword with a convex edge. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English \Ifauchoun\i from Old French \Ifauchon,\i ultimately from Latin \Ifalx falcis\i 'sickle'\c
<hw>falciform</hw> \K/"falsIfO:m/\k \Iadj.\i \IAnat.\i curved like a sickle. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ifalx falcis\i 'sickle'\c
<hw>falcon</hw> \K/"fO:(l)k(\F'\n)n/, /"fQlk(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool Hunting\i\p\B1\b any diurnal bird of prey of the family Falconidae, having long pointed wings, and sometimes trained to hunt small game for sport.\p\B2\b \IFalconry Sport\i (in falconry) a female falcon \I(cf.\i \J\Xtercel\x).\j \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ifaucon\i from Late Latin \Ifalco -onis,\i perhaps from Latin \Ifalx\i 'scythe', or from Germanic\c
<hw>falconer</hw> \K/"fO:(l)k(\F'\n)n\F'\n/, /"fQlk(\F'\n)n\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFalconry Hunting\i\p\B1\b a keeper and trainer of hawks.\p\B2\b a person who hunts with hawks. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Anglo-French \Ifauconer,\i Old French \Ifauconier\i (as \J\Xfalcon\x)\j\c
<hw>falconet</hw> \K/"fO:(l)k(\F'\n)nIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMil\i \Ihist.\i a light cannon.\p\B2\b \IZool.\i a small falcon. \BEtymology:\b \3sense 1 from Italian \Ifalconetto,\i diminutive of \Ifalcone\i \J\Xfalcon\x:\j sense 2 from \J\Xfalcon\x\j + \J\X-et\x (1)\j\c
<hw>falconry</hw> \K/"fO:(l)k(\F'\n)nri/, /"fQlk(\F'\n)nri/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFalconry Hunting\i the breeding and training of hawks; the sport of hawking. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ifauconnerie\i (as \J\Xfalcon\x)\j\c
<hw>falderal</hw> \K/"fald\F'\nral/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bfolderol\b \K/"fQld\F'\nrQl/\k)\p\B1\b a gewgaw or trifle.\p\B2\b a nonsensical refrain in a song.\p\B3\b \Besp. N. Amer.\b nonsense; trivial display.\Ksense 3 new f. SOED, Incomings Nov 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3perhaps from \Ifalbala\i 'trimming on a dress': cf. \J\Xfurbelow\x\j\c
<hw>faldstool</hw> \K/"fO:ldstu:l/\k\p\In.\i\p\IEccl\i\p\B1\b a bishop's backless folding chair.\p\B2\b \IRelig Furniture\i a small movable desk for kneeling at prayer. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ifµldestol\i from medieval Latin \Ifaldistolium,\i from West Germanic (as \J\Xfold\x (1),\j \J\Xstool\x)\j\c
<hw>fall</hw> \K/fO:l/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.intr.\i \I(past\i \Bfell\b \K/fEl/\k; \Ipast part.\i \Bfallen\b \K/"fO:l(\F'\n)n/\k)\p\B1\b \Ba\b go or come down freely; descend rapidly from a higher to a lower level \3(fell from the top floor;\c \2rain was falling).\c \Bb\b drop or be dropped \3(supplies fell by parachute;\c \2the curtain fell).\c\p\B2\b \Ba\b \I(often foll. by \Bover)\b\i cease to stand upright \3(fell into my arms;\c \2fell over the chair).\c \Bb\b come suddenly to the ground. \Bc\b prostrate oneself in order to worship or implore.\p\B3\b \I(foll. by \Binto)\b\i stumble or be drawn into (a trap, an error, etc.).\p\B4\b become detached and descend or disappear.\p\B5\b take a downward direction: \Ba\b (of hair, clothing, etc.) hang down. \Bb\b (of ground etc.) slope. \Bc\b \I(foll. by \Binto)\b\i (of a river etc.) discharge into.\p\B6\b \Ba\b find a lower level; sink lower. \Bb\b subside, abate.\p\B7\b \IMeteorol\i (of a barometer, thermometer, etc.) show a lower reading.\p\B8\b occur; become apparent or present \3(darkness fell).\c\p\B9\b decline, diminish \3(demand is falling;\c \2standards have fallen).\c\p\B10\b \Ba\b (of the face) show dismay or disappointment. \Bb\b (of the eyes or a glance) look downwards.\p\B11\b \Ba\b lose power or status \3(the government will fall).\c \Bb\b lose esteem, moral integrity, etc.\p\B12\b commit sin; yield to temptation.\p\B13\b take or have a particular direction or place \3(his eye fell on me;\c \2the accent falls on the first syllable).\c\p\B14\b \Ba\b find a place; be naturally divisible \3(the subject falls into three parts).\c \Bb\b \I(foll. by \Bunder,\b \Bwithin)\b\i be classed among.\p\B15\b occur at a specified time \3(Easter falls early this year).\c\p\B16\b come by chance or duty \3(it fell to me to answer).\c\p\B17\b \Ba\b pass into a specified condition \3(fall into decay;\c \2fell ill).\c \Bb\b become \3(fall asleep).\c\p\B18\b \Ba\b \IMil\i (of a position etc.) be overthrown or captured; succumb to attack. \Bb\b be defeated; fail.\p\B19\b die \3(fall in battle).\c\p\B20\b \I(foll. by \Bon,\b \Bupon)\b\i \Ba\b attack. \Bb\b meet with. \Bc\b embrace or embark on avidly.\p\B21\b \I(foll. by \Bto\b + verbal noun)\i begin \3(fell to wondering).\c\p\B22\b \I(foll. by \Bto)\b\i lapse, revert \3(revenues fall to the Crown).\c\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or an instance of falling; a sudden rapid descent.\p\B2\b that which falls or has fallen, e.g. snow, rocks, etc.\p\B3\b \IMeteorol\i the recorded amount of rainfall etc.\p\B4\b a decline or diminution.\p\B5\b overthrow, downfall \3(the fall of Rome).\c\p\B6\b \Ba\b succumbing to temptation. \Bb\b \IBibl\i \B(the Fall)\b the sin of Adam and its consequences, as described in Genesis.\p\B7\b \Ba\b (of material, land, light, etc.) a downward direction; a slope. \Bb\b a downward difference in height \3(a fall of 3 inches from back to front).\c\p\B8\b (also \BFall)\b \BN. Amer.\b autumn.\p\B9\b \Ba\b \I(esp. in \Bpl.)\b\i \IGeog\i a waterfall, cataract, or cascade. \Bb\b a long hairpiece.\Ksenses 7b, 9b new f. Incs Oct 94\k\p\B10\b \IMus.\i a cadence.\p\B11\b \Ba\b \IWrestling\i a wrestling bout; a throw in wrestling which keeps the opponent on the ground for a specified time. \Bb\b a controlled act of falling, esp. as a stunt or in judo etc.\p\B12\b \IZool\i \Ba\b the birth of young of certain animals. \Bb\b the number of young born.\p\B13\b a rope of a hoisting-tackle.\p\Bfall about\b \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i be helpless, esp. with laughter.\p\Bfall apart\b (or \Bto pieces)\b\p\B1\b break into pieces.\p\B2\b (of a situation etc.) disintegrate; be reduced to chaos.\p\B3\b lose one's capacity to cope.\p\Bfall away\b\p\B1\b (of a surface) incline abruptly.\p\B2\b become few or thin; gradually vanish.\p\B3\b desert, revolt; abandon one's principles.\p\Bfall back\b retreat.\p\Bfall back on\b have recourse to in difficulty.\p\Bfall behind\b\p\B1\b be outstripped by one's competitors etc.; lag.\p\B2\b be in arrears.\p\Bfall down\b \I(often foll. by \Bon)\b\i fail; perform poorly; fail to deliver (payment etc.).\p\Bfall for\b \Icolloq.\i\p\B1\b be captivated or deceived by.\p\B2\b yield to the charms or merits of.\p\1fall foul \B(N. Amer.\b also afoul) of\c come into conflict with; quarrel with.\p\Bfall in\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b \IMil\i take one's place in military formation. \Bb\b \I(as \Bint.)\b\i the order to do this.\p\B2\b collapse inwards.\p\1fall in love\c \Isee\i \J\Xlove\x.\j\p\1fall into line\c\p\B1\b \IMil\i take one's place in the ranks.\p\B2\b conform or collaborate with others.\p\1fall into place\c begin to make sense or cohere.\p\Bfall in with\b\p\B1\b meet by chance.\p\B2\b agree with; accede to; humour.\p\B3\b coincide with.\p\Bfall off\b\p\B1\b (of demand etc.) decrease, deteriorate.\p\B2\b withdraw.\p\Bfall out\b\p\B1\b quarrel.\p\B2\b (of the hair, teeth, etc.) become detached.\p\B3\b \IMil.\i come out of formation.\p\B4\b result; come to pass; occur.\p\Bfall out of\b gradually discontinue (a habit etc.).\p\1fall over oneself\c \Icolloq.\i\p\B1\b be eager or competitive.\p\B2\b be awkward, stumble through haste, confusion, etc.\p\Bfall short\b\p\B1\b be or become deficient or inadequate.\p\B2\b (of a missile etc.) not reach its target.\p\Bfall short of\b fail to reach or obtain.\p\Bfall through\b fail; come to nothing; miscarry.\p\Bfall to\b begin an activity, e.g. eating or working. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ifallan,\i \Ifeallan,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>fallacy</hw> \K/"fal\F'\nsi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b a mistaken belief, esp. based on unsound argument.\p\B2\b \ILogic\i faulty reasoning; misleading or unsound argument.\p\B3\b \ILogic\i a flaw that vitiates an argument. \Bfallacious\b \K/f\F'\n"leIS\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i \Bfallaciously\b \K/f\F'\n"leIS\F'\nsli/\k \Iadv.\i \Bfallaciousness\b \K/f\F'\n"leIS\F'\nsnIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ifallacia\i via \Ifallax -acis\i 'deceiving' from \Ifallere\i 'deceive'\c
<hw>fall-back</hw> \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ICommerce\i a reserve; something that may be used in an emergency, \Besp. Brit.\b a fall-back wage.\p\B2\b a falling back or reduction. \Iattrib.adj.\i\p\B1\b reserve, emergency.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b \ICommerce\i (of a wage) comprising a minimum amount, paid when no work is available.
<hw>fallen</hw>\K/"fO:l(\F'\n)n/\k \I\Ipast part.\i of\i \J\Xfall\x\p\Iv.\i\p\j \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i having lost one's honour or reputation.\p\B2\b \IMil\i killed in war. \Bfallenness\b \K/"fO:l(\F'\n)nnIs/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>faller</hw> \K/"fO:l\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISport Stock Exch\i a person, animal, or thing that falls, esp. a person or animal in a race, or the value of shares on the stock market.\Knew from SOED, corpus\k
<hw>fallfish</hw> \K/"fO:lfIS/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i usu. same) \IZool\i a N. American freshwater fish, \ISemotilus corporalis,\i resembling the chub.
<hw>fall guy</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Islang\i\p\B1\b an easy victim.\p\B2\b a scapegoat.
<hw>fallible</hw> \K/"falIb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b capable of making mistakes.\p\B2\b liable to be erroneous. \Bfallibility\b \K/-"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bfallibly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Ifallibilis\i from Latin \Ifallere\i 'deceive'\c
<hw>falling-out</hw>\p\In.\i\pa quarrel.\Knew from corpus\k
<hw>falling star</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAstron\i a meteor.
<hw>fall-off</hw>\p\In.\i\pa decrease, deterioration, withdrawal, etc.
<hw>Fallopian tube</hw> \K/f\F'\n"l\F'\nUpI\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnat.\i either of two tubes in female mammals along which ova travel from the ovaries to the uterus. \BEtymology:\b \3\IFallopius,\i Latinized name of G. \IFallopio,\i Italian anatomist d. 1562\c
<hw>fallout</hw> \K/"fO:laUt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i\p\B1\b radioactive debris caused by a nuclear explosion or accident.\p\B2\b the adverse side effects of a situation etc.
<hw>fallow (1)</hw> \K/"fal\F'\nU/\k \Iadj., n., & v.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IAgriculture\i \Ba\b (of land) ploughed and harrowed but left unsown for a year. \Bb\b uncultivated.\p\B2\b (of an idea etc.) potentially useful but not yet in use.\p\B3\b inactive.\p\B4\b \IZool\i (of a sow) not pregnant.\p\In.\i\p\IAgriculture\i fallow or uncultivated land. \Iv.tr.\i break up (land) for sowing or to destroy weeds. \Bfallowness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old English \Ifealh\i \I(n.),\i \Ifealgian\i \I(v.)\i\c
<hw>fallow (2)</hw> \K/"fal\F'\nU/\k \Iadj.\i of a pale brownish or reddish yellow. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ifalu,\i \Ifealu,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>fallow deer</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a small deer, Cervus dama, having a white-spotted reddish-brown coat in the summer.
<hw>fall-pipe</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPlumbing\i a downpipe.
<hw>false</hw> \K/fO:ls/, /fQls/\k \Iadj. & adv.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b not according with fact; wrong, incorrect \3(a false idea).\c\p\B2\b \Ba\b spurious, sham, artificial \3(false gods;\c \2false teeth;\c \2false modesty).\c \Bb\b acting as such; appearing to be such, esp. deceptively \3(a false lining).\c\p\B3\b illusory; not actually so \3(a false economy).\c\p\B4\b improperly so called \3(false acacia).\c\p\B5\b deceptive.\p\B6\b \I(foll. by \Bto)\b\i deceitful, treacherous, or unfaithful.\p\B7\b fictitious or assumed \3(gave a false name).\c\Knew from NEWS Apr 93\k\p\B8\b illegal \3(false imprisonment).\c \Iadv.\i in a false manner \3(esp. play false).\c \Bfalsely\b \Iadv.\i \Bfalseness\b\p\In.\i\p\Bfalsity\b\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies).\b \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ifals\i and Old French \Ifals,\i \Ifaus\i from Latin \Ifalsus,\i past part. of \Ifallere\i 'deceive'\c
<hw>false colour</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ISci Photog\i colour introduced during the production of an image to aid interpretation and not present in the object.\Knew f. Coll., JHM Jan 94\k
<hw>false dawn</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a transient light in the east before dawn.\p\B2\b a promising sign which comes to nothing.\Ksense 2 new f. OERD Jun 94\k
<hw>false gharial</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool.\i a crocodile, Tomistoma schlegelii, of Indonesia and Malaysia, similar to the gharial.
<hw>falsehood</hw> \K/"fO:lshUd/, /"fQls-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the state of being false, esp. untrue.\p\B2\b a false or untrue thing.\p\B3\b \Ba\b the act of lying. \Bb\b a lie or lies.
<hw>false move</hw>\p\In.\i\pan imprudent or careless act.\Knew from NEWS Apr 93\k
<hw>false pretences</hw> \In.pl.\i misrepresentations made with intent to deceive \3(esp. under false pretences).\c
<hw>falsetto</hw> \K/fO:l"sEt\F'\nU/, /fQl-/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b \IMus\i\p\B1\b a method of voice production used by male singers, esp. tenors, to sing notes higher than their normal range.\p\B2\b a singer using this method. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian, diminutive of \Ifalso\i \J\Xfalse\x\j\c
<hw>falsework</hw> \K/"fO:lsw\F'\n:k/, /"fQls-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBuilding Archit\i a temporary framework or support used during building to form arches etc.
<hw>falsies</hw> \K/"fO:lsIz/, /"fQls-/\k \In.pl.\i \IClothing\i \Icolloq.\i pads of material used to increase the apparent size of the breasts.
<hw>falsify</hw> \K/"fO:lsIfVI/, /"fQls-/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(-ies,\b \B-ied)\b\p\B1\b fraudulently alter or make false (a document, evidence, etc.).\p\B2\b misrepresent.\p\B3\b make wrong; pervert.\p\B4\b show to be false.\p\B5\b disappoint (a hope, fear, etc.). \Bfalsifiable\b \Iadj.\i \Bfalsifiability\b \K/-fVI\F'\n"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bfalsification\b \K/-fI"keIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via French \Ifalsifier\i or medieval Latin \Ifalsificare\i from Latin \Ifalsificus\i 'making false', from \Ifalsus\i 'false'\c
<hw>Falstaffian</hw> \K/fO:l"stA:fI\F'\nn/, /fQl-/\k \Iadj.\i fat, jolly, or dissipated like Shakespeare's character Sir John Falstaff.\Knew from E Trehern, corpus, and SOED Apr 93\k
<hw>fame</hw> \K/feIm/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b renown; the state of being famous.\p\B2\b \Iarchaic\i reputation.\p\B3\b \Iarchaic\i public report; rumour. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Ifama\i\c
<hw>famed</hw> \K/feImd/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \I(foll. by \Bfor)\b\i famous; much spoken of \3(famed for its good food).\c\p\B2\b \Iarchaic\i currently reported.
<hw>familial</hw> \K/f\F'\n"mIlj\F'\nl/\k \Iadj.\i of, occurring in, or characteristic of a family or its members. \BEtymology:\b \3French from Latin \Ifamilia\i \J\Xfamily\x\j\c
<hw>familiar</hw> \K/f\F'\n"mIlI\F'\n/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i well known; no longer novel. \Bb\b common, usual; often encountered or experienced.\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bwith)\b\i knowing a thing well or in detail \3(am familiar with all the problems).\c\p\B3\b \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i \Ba\b well acquainted (with a person); in close friendship; intimate. \Bb\b sexually intimate.\p\B4\b excessively informal; impertinent.\p\B5\b unceremonious, informal.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a close friend or associate.\p\B2\b \IRC Ch.\i a person rendering certain services in a pope's or bishop's household.\p\B3\b (in full \Bfamiliar spirit)\b a demon supposedly attending and obeying a witch etc. \Bfamiliarly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ifamilier\i from Latin \Ifamiliaris\i (as \J\Xfamily\x)\j\c
<hw>familiarity</hw> \K/f\F'\nmIlI"arIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b the state of being well known \3(the familiarity of the scene).\c\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bwith)\b\i close acquaintance.\p\B3\b a close relationship.\p\B4\b \Ba\b sexual intimacy. \Bb\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i acts of physical intimacy.\p\B5\b behaviour that is familiar or informal, esp. excessively so. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \IfamiliaritΘ\i from Latin \Ifamiliaritas -tatis\i (as \J\Xfamiliar\x)\j\c
<hw>familiarize</hw> \K/f\F'\n"mIlI\F'\nrVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b\p\B1\b \I(foll. by \Bwith)\b\i make (a person) conversant or well acquainted.\p\B2\b make (a thing) well known. \Bfamiliarization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Ifamiliariser\i from \Ifamiliaire\i (as \J\Xfamiliar\x)\j\c
\B\Ifamille\b\i \K/fa"mi:/, French /famij/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPorcelain\i a Chinese enamelled porcelain with a predominant colour: (<faf>famille jaune</faf> \K/Z\F'\nUn/, French /Zon/\k) yellow, (<faf>famille noire</faf> \K/nwA:/, French /nwar/\k) black, (<faf>famille rose</faf> \K/r\F'\nUz/, French /roz/\k) red, (<faf>famille verte</faf> \K/vE:t/, French /vErt/\k) green. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = family\c
<hw>family</hw> \K/"famIli/, /-m(\F'\n)l-/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b a set of parents and children, or of relations, living together or not.\p\B2\b \Ba\b the members of a household, esp. parents and their children. \Bb\b a person's children. \Bc\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i serving the needs of families \3(family butcher).\c\p\B3\b \IGenealogy\i \Ba\b all the descendants of a common ancestor; a house, a lineage. \Bb\b a race or group of peoples from a common stock.\p\B4\b \ILinguistics\i all the languages ultimately derived from a particular early language, regarded as a group.\p\B5\b \IPolit\i a group of persons or nations united by political or religious ties.\p\B6\b a group of objects distinguished by common features.\p\B7\b \IMath.\i a group of curves etc. obtained by varying one quantity.\p\B8\b \IBiol.\i a group of related genera of organisms within an order in taxonomic classification.\p\1in the family way\c \Icolloq.\i pregnant. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Ifamilia\i 'household', from \Ifamulus\i 'servant'\c
<hw>family allowance</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \Ia former name for\i \J\Xchild benefit\x.\j
<hw>family credit</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ISociol\i (in the UK) a regular payment by the state to a family with an income below a certain level.\Kfamily income supplement omitted - no longer exists Oct 93\k
<hw>Family Division</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i (in the UK) a division of the High Court dealing with adoption, divorce, etc.
<hw>family man</hw>\p\In.\i\pa man having a wife and children, esp. one fond of family life.
<hw>family tree</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IGenealogy\i a chart showing relationships and lines of descent.
<hw>famine</hw> \K/"famIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b extreme scarcity of food. \Bb\b a shortage of something specified \3(a labour famine).\c\p\B2\b \Iarchaic\i hunger, starvation. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French, from \Ifaim,\i from Latin \Ifames\i 'hunger'\c
<hw>famish</hw> \K/"famIS/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iv.tr. & intr.\i \I(usu. in \Bpassive)\b\i reduce or be reduced to extreme hunger.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \Icolloq.\i feel very hungry. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from obsolete \Ifame,\i from Old French \Iafamer,\i ultimately from Latin \Ifames\i 'hunger'\c
<hw>famous</hw> \K/"feIm\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bfor)\b\i celebrated; well known.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i excellent. \Bfamousness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Anglo-French, Old French \Ifameus\i from Latin \Ifamosus,\i from \Ifama\i 'fame'\c
<hw>famously</hw> \K/"feIm\F'\nsli/\k \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b \Icolloq.\i excellently \3(got on famously).\c\p\B2\b notably.
<hw>famulus</hw> \K/"famjUl\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bfamuli\b \K/-lVI/, /-li:/\k) \Ihist.\i an attendant on a magician or scholar. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = servant\c
<hw>fan (1)</hw> \K/fan/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an apparatus, usu. with rotating blades, giving a current of air for ventilation etc.\p\B2\b a device, usu. folding and forming a semicircle when spread out, for agitating the air to cool oneself.\p\B3\b \IZool Archit\i anything spread out like a fan, e.g. a bird's tail or kind of ornamental vaulting \3(fan tracery).\c\p\B4\b \IAgriculture\i a device for winnowing grain.\p\B5\b \IGeol\i a fan-shaped deposit of alluvium, esp. where a stream begins to descend a gentler slope.\p\B6\b \IMech\i a small sail for keeping the head of a windmill towards the wind.\p\Iv.\i\p\B(fanned,\b \Bfanning)\b\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b blow a current of air on, with or as with a fan. \Bb\b agitate (the air) with a fan.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i (of a breeze) blow gently on; cool.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \IAgriculture\i \Ba\b winnow (grain). \Bb\b winnow away (chaff).\p\B4\b \Itr.\i sweep away by or as by the wind from a fan.\p\B5\b \Iintr. & tr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bout)\b\i spread out in the shape of a fan. \Bfanlike\b \Iadj.\i \Bfanner\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ifann\i (in sense 4 of\p\In.\i\p) from Latin \Ivannus\i 'winnowing-fan'\c
<hw>fan (2)</hw> \K/fan/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISport Theatr\i a devotee of a particular activity, performer, etc. \3(film fan;\c \2football fan).\c \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation of \J\Xfanatic\x\j\c
<hw>fanatic</hw> \K/f\F'\n"natIk/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\pa person filled with excessive and often misguided enthusiasm for something. \Iadj.\i excessively enthusiastic. \Bfanatical\b \Iadj.\i \Bfanatically\b \Iadv.\i \Bfanaticism\b \K/-tIsIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bfanaticize\b \K/-tIsVIz/\k \Iv.intr. & tr.\i (also \B-ise).\b \BEtymology:\b \3originally in religious sense: French \Ifanatique\i or Latin \Ifanaticus,\i from \Ifanum\i 'temple'\c
<hw>fan belt</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMech\i a belt that drives a fan to cool the radiator in a motor vehicle.
<hw>fancier</hw> \K/"fansI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pa connoisseur or follower of some activity or thing \3(pigeon fancier).\c
<hw>fanciful</hw> \K/"fansIfUl/, /-f(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b existing only in the imagination or fancy.\p\B2\b indulging in fancies; whimsical, capricious.\p\B3\b fantastically designed, ornamented, etc.; odd-looking. \Bfancifully\b \Iadv.\i \Bfancifulness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>fan club</hw>\p\In.\i\pan organized group of devotees.
<hw>fancy</hw> \K/"fansi/\k \In., adj., & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b an individual taste or inclination.\p\B2\b a caprice or whim.\p\B3\b a thing favoured, e.g. a horse to win a race.\p\B4\b an arbitrary supposition.\p\B5\b \Ba\b the faculty of using imagination or of inventing imagery. \Bb\b a mental image.\p\B6\b delusion; unfounded belief.\p\B7\b \I(prec. by \Bthe)\b\i those who have a certain hobby; fanciers, esp. patrons of boxing. \Iadj.\i \I(usu. \Battrib.)\b\i \B(fancier,\b \Bfanciest)\b\p\B1\b ornamental; not plain.\p\B2\b capricious, whimsical, extravagant \3(at a fancy price).\c\p\B3\b based on imagination, not fact.\p\B4\b (of foods etc.) of fine quality.\p\B5\b (of flowers etc.) particoloured.\p\B6\b (of an animal) bred for particular points of beauty etc. \Iv.tr.\i \B(-ies,\b \B-ied)\b\p\B1\b \I(foll. by \Bthat\b + clause)\i be inclined to suppose; rather think.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i feel a desire for \3(do you fancy a drink?).\c\p\B3\b \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i find sexually attractive.\p\B4\b \Icolloq.\i have an unduly high opinion of (oneself, one's ability, etc.).\p\B5\b \IGambling Sport\i select (a horse, team, etc.) as the likely winner.\Ksense 5 new f. SOED Sep 94\k\p\B6\b \I(in \Bimper.)\b\i expressing surprise \3(fancy their doing that!).\c\p\B7\b picture to oneself; conceive, imagine.\p\1catch (or take) a person's fancy\c please or appeal to a person.\p\1take a fancy to\c become (esp. inexplicably) fond of.\Kdef new f. POD8 Nov 93; idm f. n. sense 1\k \Bfanciable\b \Iadj.\i (in sense 3 of \Iv.).\i \Bfancily\b \Iadv.\i \Bfanciness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3contraction of \J\Xfantasy\x\j\c
<hw>fancy dress</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IClothing\i fanciful costume, esp. for masquerading as a different person or as an animal etc. at a party.
<hw>fancy-free</hw> \Iadj.\i (often in phr. \Bfootloose and fancy-free)\b without (esp. emotional) commitments.
<hw>fancy goods</hw> \In.pl.\i \ICommerce\i ornamental novelties etc.
<hw>fancy man</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Islang\i \Iderog.\i\p\B1\b a woman's lover.\p\B2\b a pimp.
<hw>fancy woman</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Islang\i \Iderog.\i a mistress.
<hw>fancy-work</hw>\p\In.\i\p\INeedlework etc.\i ornamental sewing etc.
<hw>fan dance</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IDancing\i a dance in which the dancer is (apparently) nude and partly concealed by fans.
<hw>fandangle</hw> \K/fan"daNg(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a fantastic ornament.\p\B2\b nonsense, tomfoolery. \BEtymology:\b \3perhaps from \J\Xfandango\x\j influenced by \Inewfangle\i\c
<hw>fandango</hw> \K/fan"daNg\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-oes\b or \B-os)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b \IDancing\i a lively Spanish dance for two. \Bb\b \IMus\i the music for this.\p\B2\b nonsense, tomfoolery. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish: origin unknown\c
<hw>fandom</hw> \K/"fand\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\pthe world of fans and enthusiasts, esp. of fans of science fiction magazines and conventions.\Knew f. Incs Oct 94\k
<hw>fane</hw> \K/feIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i \Ipoet.\i = \J\Xtemple\x (1)\p\In.\i\p1.\j \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Ifanum\i\c
<hw>fanfare</hw> \K/"fanfE:/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a short showy or ceremonious sounding of trumpets, bugles, etc.\p\B2\b an elaborate welcome. \BEtymology:\b \3French, imitative\c
<hw>fanfaronade</hw> \K/%fanfar\F'\n"neId/, /-"nA:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b arrogant talk; brag.\p\B2\b a fanfare. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ifanfaronnade\i from \Ifanfaron\i 'braggart' (as \J\Xfanfare\x)\j\c
<hw>fang</hw> \K/faN/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool Dentistry\i\p\B1\b a large sharp tooth, esp. a canine tooth of a dog or wolf.\p\B2\b \I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i \Ba\b the tooth of a venomous snake, by which poison is injected. \Bb\b the biting mouthpart of a spider.\Ksense 2b new f. OERD Jun 94\k\p\B3\b the root of a tooth or its prong.\p\B4\b \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i a person's tooth. \Bfanged\b \Iadj.\i \I(also in \Bcomb.).\b\i \Bfangless\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English via Old Norse \Ifang\i from a Germanic root = to catch\c
<hw>fan heater</hw>\p\In.\i\pan electric heater in which a fan drives air over an element.
<hw>fanlight</hw> \K/"fanlVIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IArchit\i a small originally semicircular window over a door or another window.
<hw>fan mail</hw>\p\In.\i\pletters from fans.
<hw>fanny</hw> \K/"fani/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b \Icoarse slang\i the female genitals.\p\B2\b \BN. Amer.\b \Islang\i the buttocks. \BEtymology:\b \320th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>Fanny Adams</hw> \K/fanI "ad\F'\nmz/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \Islang\i\p\B1\b (also \Bsweet Fanny Adams)\b nothing at all.\p\B2\b \INaut.\i \IFood\i \Ba\b tinned meat. \Bb\b stew. \BEtymology:\b \3name of a murder victim \Ic\i1870\c In sense 1, \IFanny Adams,\i or its abbreviated form \IFA,\i is sometimes understood as a euphemism for \Ifuck all.\i
<hw>fanny pack</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b \IFashion\i = \J\Xbumbag\x.\j\Knew f. NEWS Oct 93\k
<hw>fan palm</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a palm tree with fan-shaped leaves.
<hw>fantail</hw> \K/"fanteIl/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool\i a pigeon with a broad tail.\p\B2\b \IZool\i any flycatcher of the genus \IRhipidura,\i with a fan-shaped tail.\p\B3\b a fan-shaped tail or end.\p\B4\b \IMech\i the fan of a windmill.\p\B5\b \INaut\i the projecting part of a boat's stern. \Bfantailed\b \Iadj.\i
<hw>fan-tan</hw> \K/"fantan/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IGambling\i a Chinese gambling game in which players try to guess the remainder after the banker has divided a number of hidden objects into four groups.\p\B2\b \ICards\i a card game in which players build on sequences of sevens. \BEtymology:\b \3Chinese, = repeated divisions\c
<hw>fantasia</hw> \K/fan"teIzI\F'\n/, /fant\F'\n"zi:\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMus\i a musical or other composition free in form and often in improvisatory style; a composition which is based on several familiar tunes. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian, = \J\Xfantasy\x\j\c
<hw>fantasize</hw> \K/"fant\F'\nsVIz/\k\p\Iv.\i\p(also \Bphantasize,\b \B-ise)\b\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i have a fantasy or fanciful vision.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i imagine; create a fantasy about. \Bfantasist\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>fantast</hw> \K/"fantast/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bphantast)\b a visionary; a dreamer. \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin from Greek \Iphantastes\i 'boaster' via \Iphantazomai\i 'make a show' from \Iphaino\i 'show'\c
<hw>fantastic</hw> \K/fan"tastIk/\k \Iadj.\i (also \Bfantastical)\b\p\B1\b \Icolloq.\i excellent, extraordinary.\p\B2\b extravagantly fanciful; capricious, eccentric.\p\B3\b grotesque or quaint in design etc. \Bfantasticality\b \K/-"kalIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bfantastically\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ifantastique,\i medieval Latin \Ifantasticus,\i and Late Latin \Iphantasticus\i from Greek \Iphantastikos\i (as \J\Xfantast\x)\j\c
<hw>fantasticate</hw> \K/fan"tastIkeIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i make fantastic. \Bfantastication\b \K/-"keIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>fantasy</hw> \K/"fant\F'\nsi/, /-zi/\k \In. & v.\i (also \Bphantasy)\b\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b the faculty of inventing images, esp. extravagant or visionary ones.\p\B2\b a fanciful mental image; a daydream.\p\B3\b a whimsical speculation.\p\B4\b \IMus\i a fantastic invention or composition; a fantasia.\p\B5\b a genre of imaginative fiction involving fantastic stories, often in a magical pseudo-historical setting.\Ksense 5 new f. Incs, JHM Oct 94\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(-ies,\b \B-ied)\b imagine, fancy. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ifantasie\i and Latin \Iphantasia\i 'appearance' from Greek (as \J\Xfantast\x)\j\c
<hw>fantasy football</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bfantasy cricket\b etc.) \IGames Sport\i a competition in which participants select imaginary teams from among the players in a league etc. and score points according to the actual performance of their players.\Knew f. OERD, incomings, corpus Sep 94\k
<hw>Fanti</hw> \K/"fanti/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \BFante)\b \I(pl.\i same or \BFantis)\b\p\B1\b \IPeople\i a member of a black people inhabiting southern Ghana.\p\B2\b \ILanguage\i the language of this people. \BEtymology:\b \3native name\c
<hw>fanzine</hw> \K/"fanzi:n/\k\p\In.\i\pa magazine for fans, esp. those of science fiction, sport, or popular music.\Knew f. SOED, Incomings Nov 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xfan\x (2)\j + \J\Xmagazine\x\j\c
<hw>FAO</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IAgriculture\i Food and Agriculture Organization (of the United Nations).
<hw>far</hw> \K/fA:/\k \Iadv. & adj.\i \B(further,\b \Bfurthest\b or \Bfarther,\b \Bfarthest)\b \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b at or to or by a great distance \3(far away;\c \2far off;\c \2far out).\c\p\B2\b a long way (off) in space or time \3(are you travelling far?;\c \2we talked far into the night).\c\p\B3\b to a great extent or degree; by much \3(far better;\c \2far too early).\c \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b situated at or extending over a great distance in space or time; remote \3(a far country).\c\p\B2\b more distant \3(the far end of the hall).\c\p\B3\b extreme \3(far left).\c\Ksense 3 new f. POD8 Nov 93\k\p\1as far as\c\p\B1\b to the distance of (a place).\p\B2\b to the extent that \3(travel as far as you like).\c\p\1by far\c by a great amount.\p\1far and away\c by a very large amount.\p\1far and near\c everywhere.\p\1far and wide\c over a large area.\p\1far be it from me\c \I(foll. by \Bto\b + infin.)\i I am reluctant to (esp. express criticism etc.).\p\1far from\c very different from being; tending to the opposite of \3(the problem is far from being solved).\c\p\Bgo far\b\p\B1\b achieve much.\p\B2\b contribute greatly.\p\B3\b be adequate.\p\1go too far\c go beyond the limits of what is reasonable, polite, etc.\p\1how far\c to what extent.\p\1so far\c\p\B1\b to such an extent or distance; to this point.\p\B2\b until now.\p\1so (or in so) far as\c (or \Bthat)\b to the extent that.\p\1so far so good\c progress has been satisfactory up to now.\Kfarness omitted Nov 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ifeorr\i\c
<hw>farad</hw> \K/"farad/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i \IElectr.\i the SI unit of capacitance, such that one coulomb of charge causes a potential difference of one volt (abbr.: \BF).\b\Kabbr\k \BEtymology:\b \3shortening of \J\Xfaraday\x\j\c
<hw>faraday</hw> \K/"far\F'\ndeI/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i \IElectr\i a unit of electric charge equal to Faraday's constant (abbr.: \B\IF\i).\b\Kabbr\k\Kcer andfarad from ref comp Mar 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3named after M. \IFaraday,\i English physicist d. 1867\c
<hw>Faraday cage</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IElectr.\i an earthed metal screen used for excluding electrostatic influences.
<hw>Faraday effect</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i the rotation of the plane of polarization of electromagnetic waves in certain substances in a magnetic field.
<hw>Faraday's constant</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IElectr\i the quantity of electric charge carried by one mole of electrons (equal to 96.49 coulombs).
<hw>farandole</hw> \K/far(\F'\n)n"d\F'\nUl/, /"far(\F'\n)nd\F'\nUl/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IDancing\i a lively Provenτal dance.\p\B2\b \IMus\i the music for this. \BEtymology:\b \3French from modern Provenτal \Ifarandoulo\i\c
<hw>faraway</hw> \K/"fA:r\F'\nweI/, /fA:r\F'\n"weI/\k \Iattrib.adj.\i\p\B1\b remote; long-past.\p\B2\b (of a look) dreamy.\p\B3\b (of a voice) sounding as if from a distance.
<hw>farce</hw> \K/fA:s/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IDrama Theatr\i \Ba\b a low comic dramatic work based on ludicrously improbable events. \Bb\b this branch of drama.\p\B2\b absurdly futile proceedings; pretence, mockery; an instance of this. \BEtymology:\b \3French, originally = stuffing, from Old French \Ifarsir\i from Latin \Ifarcire\i 'to stuff', used metaphorically of interludes etc.\c
<hw>farceur</hw> \K/fA:"s\F'\n:/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a joker or wag.\p\B2\b \ITheatr\i an actor or writer of farces. \BEtymology:\b \3French from \Ifarcer\i 'act farces'\c
<hw>farcical</hw> \K/"fA:sIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b extremely ludicrous or futile.\p\B2\b of or like farce. \Bfarcicality\b \K/-"kalIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bfarcically\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>far cry</hw>\p\In.\i\p\I(usu. foll. by \Bfrom)\b\i a long way; a very different experience.
<hw>farcy</hw> \K/"fA:si/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i glanders with inflammation of the lymph vessels. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ifarcin\i from Late Latin \Ifarciminum,\i from \Ifarcire\i 'to stuff'\c
<hw>farcy bud</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bfarcy button)\b \IVet\i a small lymphatic tumour as a result of farcy.
<hw>farded</hw> \K/"fA:dId/\k \Iadj.\i \Iarchaic\i (of a face etc.) painted with cosmetics. \BEtymology:\b \3past part. of obsolete \Ifard,\i from Old French \Ifarder\i\c
<hw>fare</hw> \K/fE:/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ITransport\i \Ba\b the price a passenger has to pay to be conveyed by bus, train, etc. \Bb\b a passenger paying to travel in a public vehicle.\p\B2\b \IFood\i a range of food, esp. one provided by a restaurant etc. \Iv.intr.\i \Iliterary\i\p\B1\b progress; get on \3(how did you fare?).\c\p\B2\b happen; turn out.\p\B3\b journey, go, travel. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ifµr,\i \Ifaru\i 'journeying', \Ifaran\i \I(v.),\i from Germanic\c
<hw>Far East</hw>\p\In.\i\p\I(prec. by \Bthe)\b\i \IGeog\i China, Japan, and other countries of E. Asia. \BFar Eastern\b \Iadj.\i\K-ern subsumed Jan 93\k
<hw>fare stage</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ITransport\i\p\B1\b a section of a bus etc. route for which a fixed fare is charged.\p\B2\b a stop marking this.
<hw>farewell</hw> \K/fE:"wEl/\k \Iint. & n.\i \Iint.\i goodbye, adieu.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b leave-taking; departure \I(also \Battrib.:\b\i \2a farewell kiss).\c\p\B2\b parting good wishes. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, from imperative of \J\Xfare\x\j + \J\Xwell\x (1)\j\c
<hw>far-fetched</hw> \Iadj.\i (of an explanation etc.) strained, unconvincing.
<hw>far gone</hw> \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b advanced in time.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i in an advanced state of illness, drunkenness, etc.
<hw>farina</hw> \K/f\F'\n"rVIn\F'\n/, /-i:n\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IFood\i the flour or meal of cereal, nuts, or starchy roots.\p\B2\b a powdery substance.\p\B3\b \BBrit.\b \IFood\i starch. \Bfarinaceous\b \K/farI"neIS\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin from \Ifar\i 'corn'\c
<hw>farl</hw> \K/fA:l/\k\p\In.\i\p\BSc.\b \IFood\i a thin cake, originally quadrant-shaped, of oatmeal or flour. \BEtymology:\b \3obsolete \Ifardel\i 'quarter' (as \J\Xfourth\x,\j \J\Xdeal\x (1))\j\c
<hw>farm</hw> \K/fA:m/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IAgriculture\i an area of land and its buildings used under one management for growing crops, rearing animals, etc.\p\B2\b a place or establishment for breeding a particular type of animal, growing fruit, etc. \3(trout-farm;\c \2mink-farm).\c\p\B3\b = \J\Xfarmhouse\x.\j\p\B4\b a place for the storage of oil or oil products.\p\B5\b = \J\Xsewage farm\x.\j\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \IAgriculture\i \Ba\b \Itr.\i use (land) for growing crops, rearing animals, etc. \Bb\b \Iintr.\i be a farmer; work on a farm.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i breed (fish etc.) commercially.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bout)\b\i \Ba\b delegate or subcontract (work) to others. \Bb\b contract (the collection of taxes) to another for a fee. \Bc\b arrange for (a person, esp. a child) to be looked after by another, with payment.\p\B4\b \Itr.\i let the labour of (a person) for hire.\p\B5\b \Itr.\i contract to maintain and care for (a person, esp. a child) for a fixed sum. \Bfarmable\b \Iadj.\i \Bfarming\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3originally applied only to leased land: Middle English via Old French \Iferme\i and medieval Latin \Ifirma\i 'fixed payment' from Latin \Ifirmus\i \J\Xfirm\x (1)\j\c
<hw>farmer</hw> \K/"fA:m\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IAgriculture\i a person who runs or cultivates a farm.\p\B2\b \IEcon\i a person to whom the collection of taxes is contracted for a fee.\Ka person who looks after children for payment omitted Sep 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Anglo-French \Ifermer,\i Old French \Ifermier\i from medieval Latin \Ifirmarius,\i \Ifirmator,\i from \Ifirma\i \J\Xfirm\x (2)\j\c
<hw>farmhand</hw> \K/"fA:mhand/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAgriculture\i a worker on a farm.
<hw>farmhouse</hw> \K/"fA:mhaUs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAgriculture\i a dwelling place (esp. the main one) attached to a farm.
<hw>farmhouse loaf</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IFood\i an oval or rectangular white loaf with a rounded top.\Knew f. NEWS Nov 93\k
<hw>farmstead</hw> \K/"fA:mstEd/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAgriculture\i a farm and its buildings regarded as a unit.
<hw>farmyard</hw> \K/"fA:mjA:d/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\IAgriculture\i a yard or enclosure attached to a farmhouse. \Iattrib.adj.\i disgusting or uncouth.\Kadj. new f. SOED Nov 93\k
<hw>faro</hw> \K/"fE:r\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICards Gambling\i a gambling card game in which bets are placed on the order of appearance of the cards. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ipharaon\i \J\XPharaoh\x\j (said to have been the name of the king of hearts)\c
<hw>farouche</hw> \K/f\F'\n"ru:S/\k \Iadj.\i sullen, shy. \BEtymology:\b \3French via Old French \Ifaroche,\i \Iforache\i and medieval Latin \Iforasticus\i from Latin \Iforas\i 'out of doors'\c
<hw>farrago</hw> \K/f\F'\n"rA:g\F'\nU/, /f\F'\n"reIg\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os\b or \BUS\b \B-oes)\b a medley or hotchpotch; a confused mixture. \Bfarraginous\b \K/-"rA:dZIn\F'\ns/, /-"reIdZ-/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ifarrago farraginis\i 'mixed fodder' from \Ifar\i 'corn'\c
<hw>far-reaching</hw> \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b widely applicable.\p\B2\b having important consequences or implications.
<hw>farrier</hw> \K/"farI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IRiding\i a smith who shoes horses.\p\B2\b \IVet\i a person who treats the disease and injuries of horses. \Bfarriery\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old French \Iferrier\i from Latin \Iferrarius,\i from \Iferrum\i 'iron, horseshoe'\c
<hw>farrow</hw> \K/"far\F'\nU/\k \In. & v.\i \IZool\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a litter of pigs.\p\B2\b the birth of a litter. \Iv.tr.\i \I(also \Babsol.)\b\i (of a sow) produce (pigs). \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ifearh,\i \Ifµrh\i 'pig', from West Germanic\c
<hw>farruca</hw> \K/f\F'\n"ru:k\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IDancing\i a type of flamenco dance. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish\c
<hw>far-seeing</hw> \Iadj.\i shrewd in judgement; prescient.
<hw>Farsi</hw> \K/"fA:si:/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILanguage\i the modern Persian language, the official language of Iran. \BEtymology:\b \3Persian: cf. \J\XParsee\x\j\c
<hw>far-sighted</hw> \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b having foresight, prudent.\p\B2\b \Besp. N. Amer.\b \IOptics\i = \J\Xlong-sighted\x.\j \Bfar-sightedly\b \Iadv.\i \Bfar-sightedness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>fart</hw> \K/fA:t/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Icoarse slang\i \Iv.intr.\i\p\B1\b emit wind from the anus.\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Babout,\b \Baround)\b\i behave foolishly; waste time.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an emission of wind from the anus.\p\B2\b an unpleasant person. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English (recorded in the verbal noun \Ifeorting)\i from Germanic\c
<hw>farthing</hw> \K/"fA:DIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ICurrency\i \Ihist.\i(in the UK) a former coin and monetary unit equal to a quarter of an old penny (withdrawn in 1961).\p\B2\b the least possible amount \3(it doesn't matter a farthing).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ifeorthing\i from \Ifeortha\i 'fourth'\c
<hw>farthingale</hw> \K/"fA:DINgeIl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IClothing\i \Ihist.\i a hooped petticoat or a stiff curved roll to extend a woman's skirt. \BEtymology:\b \3earlier \Ivardingale,\i \Iverd-,\i via French \Iverdugale\i from Spanish \Iverdugado,\i from \Iverdugo\i 'rod'\c
<hw>fartlek</hw> \K/"fA:tlEk/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAthletics\i a method of training for middle- and long-distance running, mixing fast with slow work. \BEtymology:\b \3Swedish, from \Ifart\i 'speed' + \Ilek\i 'play'\c
<hw>Far West</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IGeog\i\p\B1\b the regions of N. America in the Rocky Mountains and along the Pacific coast.\p\B2\b \Ihist.\i = \J\XMidwest\x.\j\Knew in COD9 f. corpus, incomings Apr 94\k
<hw>fasces</hw> \K/"fasi:z/\k \In.pl.\i \IPolit\i\p\B1\b \IRom.Hist.\i a bundle of rods with a projecting axe-blade, carried by a lictor as a symbol of a magistrate's power.\p\B2\b \Ihist.\i (in Fascist Italy) emblems of authority. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, pl. of \Ifascis\i 'bundle'\c
<hw>fascia</hw> \K/"faSI\F'\n/, /"feI-/, /-S\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bfasciae\b \K/-SIi:/\k or \Bfascias)\b\p\B1\b \IArchit.\i \Ba\b a long flat surface between mouldings on the architrave in classical architecture. \Bb\b a flat board, usu. of wood, covering the ends of rafters.\p\B2\b a stripe or band.\p\B3\b \K/"faS\F'\n/\k \IAnat.\i a thin sheath of fibrous tissue, esp. that enclosing a muscle or other organ.\p\B4\b = \J\Xfacia\x 1.\j\p\B5\b \BBrit.\b = \J\Xfacia\x 2.\j \Bfascial\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = band, door frame, etc.\c
<hw>fasciate</hw> \K/"faSIeIt/, /-I\F'\nt/\k \Iadj.\i (also \Bfasciated)\b\p\B1\b \IBot.\i (of contiguous parts) compressed or growing into one.\p\B2\b striped or banded. \Bfasciation\b \K/-"eIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ifasciatus,\i past part. of \Ifasciare\i 'swathe' (as \J\Xfascia\x)\j\c
<hw>fascicle</hw> \K/"fasIk(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b (also \Bfascicule\b \K/-kju:l/\k) \IBibliog\i a separately published instalment of a book, usu. not complete in itself.\p\B2\b a bunch or bundle.\p\B3\b (also \Bfasciculus\b \K/fa"sIkjUl\F'\ns/\k) \IAnat.\i a bundle of fibres. \Bfascicled\b \Iadj.\i \Bfascicular\b \K/-"sIkjUl\F'\n/\k \Iadj.\i \Bfasciculate\b \K/-"sIkjUl\F'\nt/\k \Iadj.\i \Bfasciculation\b \K/-"leIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ifasciculus\i 'bundle', diminutive of \Ifascis:\i see \J\Xfasces\x\j\c
<hw>fasciitis</hw> \K/fAsI"VItIs/, /faSI-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed.\i inflammation of the fascia of a muscle etc.\Knew f. JHM, NSOED Jun 94\k
<hw>fascinate</hw> \K/"fasIneIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b capture the interest of; attract irresistibly.\p\B2\b (esp. of a snake) paralyse (a victim) with fear. \Bfascinated\b \Iadj.\i \Bfascinating\b \Iadj.\i \Bfascinatingly\b \Iadv.\i \Bfascination\b \K/-"neIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bfascinator\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ifascinare\i from \Ifascinum\i 'spell'\c
<hw>fascine</hw> \K/fa"si:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMech Mil\i a long faggot used for engineering purposes and (esp. in war) for lining trenches, filling ditches, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3French from Latin \Ifascina,\i from \Ifascis\i 'bundle': see \J\Xfasces\x\j\c
<hw>Fascism</hw> \K/"faSIz(\F'\n)m/, /-sIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i\p\B1\b the totalitarian principles and organization of the extreme right-wing nationalist movement in Italy (1922-43).\p\B2\b (also \Bfascism)\b \Ba\b any similar nationalist and authoritarian movement. \Bb\b (loosely) any system of extreme right-wing or authoritarian views. \BFascist\b \In. & adj.\i (also \Bfascist).\b \BFascistic\b \K/-"SIstIk/\k \Iadj.\i (also \Bfascistic).\b \BEtymology:\b \3Italian \Ifascismo,\i from \Ifascio\i 'political group', from Latin \Ifascis\i 'bundle': see \J\Xfasces\x\j\c Some people find the use of \IFascism\i in sense 2b unacceptable.
<hw>fashion</hw> \K/"faS(\F'\n)n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\IFashion\i\p\B1\b the current popular custom or style, esp. in dress or social conduct.\p\B2\b a manner or style of doing something \3(in a peculiar fashion).\c\p\B3\b \I(in \Bcomb.)\b\i in a specified manner \3(walk crab-fashion).\c\p\B4\b fashionable society \3(a woman of fashion).\c \Iv.tr.\i \I(often foll. by \Binto)\b\i make into a particular or the required form.\p\1after (or in) a fashion\c as well as is practicable, though not satisfactorily.\p\1in (or out of) fashion\c fashionable (or not fashionable) at the time in question. \Bfashioner\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Anglo-French \Ifasun,\i Old French \Ifaτon\i from Latin \Ifactio -onis,\i from \Ifacere fact-\i 'do, make'\c
<hw>fashionable</hw> \K/"faS(\F'\n)n\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \IFashion\i\p\B1\b following, suited to, or influenced by the current fashion.\p\B2\b characteristic of or favoured by those who are leaders of social fashion. \Bfashionability\b \K/-"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\K-bility new f. corpus Nov 93\k \Bfashionableness\b\p\In.\i\p\Bfashionably\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>fashion victim</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IFashion\i a slavish follower of trends in fashion.\Knew f. OERD, corpus Sep 94\k
<hw>fast (1)</hw> \K/fA:st/\k \Iadj. & adv.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b rapid, quick-moving.\p\B2\b capable of high speed \3(a fast car).\c\p\B3\b enabling or causing or intended for high speed \3(a fast road;\c \2fast bowler).\c\p\B4\b (of a clock etc.) showing a time ahead of the correct time.\p\B5\b \ISport\i (of a pitch or ground etc. in a sport) likely to make the ball bounce or run quickly.\p\B6\b \IPhotog\i \Ba\b (of a photographic film) needing only a short exposure. \Bb\b (of a lens) having a large aperture.\p\B7\b \Ba\b firmly fixed or attached. \Bb\b secure; firmly established \3(a fast friendship).\c\p\B8\b (of a colour) not fading in light or when washed.\p\B9\b (of a person) immoral, dissipated. \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b quickly; in quick succession.\p\B2\b firmly, fixedly, tightly, securely \3(stand fast;\c \2eyes fast shut).\c\p\B3\b soundly, completely \3(fast asleep).\c\p\B4\b close, immediately \3(fast on their heels).\c\Ksense 4 new in COD9 f. WF Nov 93\k\p\1pull a fast one\c \I(often foll. by \Bon)\b\i \Icolloq.\i try to deceive or gain an unfair advantage. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ifµst,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>fast (2)</hw> \K/fA:st/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.intr.\i \IRelig\i abstain from all or some kinds of food or drink, esp. as a religious observance.\p\In.\i\pan act or period of fasting.\Kfaster omitted Nov 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Old Norse \Ifasta,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>fastback</hw> \K/"fA:s(t)bak/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITransport\i\p\B1\b a motor car with the rear sloping continuously down to the bumper.\p\B2\b such a rear.
<hw>fast breeder</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bfast breeder reactor)\b \IPhysics\i a reactor using fast neutrons to produce the same fissile material as it uses.
<hw>fast buck</hw> \Isee\i \J\Xbuck\x (2).\j
<hw>fasten</hw> \K/"fA:s(\F'\n)n/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i make or become fixed or secure.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \I(foll. by \Bin,\b \Bup)\b\i lock securely; shut in.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b \I(foll. by \Bon,\b \Bupon)\b\i direct (a look, thoughts, etc.) fixedly or intently. \Bb\b focus or direct the attention fixedly upon \3(fastened him with her eyes).\c\p\B4\b \Itr.\i \I(foll. by \Bon,\b \Bupon)\b\i fix (a designation or imputation etc.).\p\B5\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bon,\b \Bupon)\b\i \Ba\b take hold of. \Bb\b single out.\p\B6\b \Itr.\i \I(foll. by \Boff)\b\i fix with stitches or a knot.\Ksense 6 new f. POD8 Nov 93\k \Bfastener\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ifµstnian,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>fastening</hw> \K/"fA:s(\F'\n)nIN/\k\p\In.\i\pa device that fastens something; a fastener.
<hw>fast food</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IFood\i food that can be prepared and served quickly and easily, esp. in a snack bar or restaurant.
<hw>fast forward</hw> \In., adj., & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a control on a tape or video player for advancing the tape rapidly.\p\B2\b = \J\Xcue\x (1)\p\In.\i\p3.\j \Iadj.\i \B(fast-forward)\b designating such a control. \Iv.tr.\i \B(fast-forward)\b advance (a tape) rapidly, sometimes while simultaneously playing it at high speed.\Knew f. OED, SOED, Incomings Nov 93\k
<hw>fastidious</hw> \K/fa"stIdI\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b very careful in matters of choice or taste; fussy.\p\B2\b easily disgusted; squeamish. \Bfastidiously\b \Iadv.\i \Bfastidiousness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Ifastidiosus,\i from \Ifastidium\i 'loathing'\c
<hw>fastigiate</hw> \K/fa"stIdZI\F'\nt/, /-IeIt/\k \Iadj.\i \IBot.\i\p\B1\b having a conical or tapering outline.\p\B2\b having parallel upright branches. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ifastigium\i 'gable-top'\c
<hw>fast lane</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ITransport\i a lane on a motorway etc. intended for overtaking.\p\B2\b \I(usu. hyphenated when \Battrib.)\b\i a hectic lifestyle.\Knew f. SOED Nov 93\k
<hw>fastness</hw> \K/"fA:s(t)nIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMil\i a stronghold or fortress.\p\B2\b the state of being secure. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ifµstnes\i (as \J\Xfast\x (1))\j\c
<hw>fast neutron</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i a neutron with high kinetic energy, esp. not slowed by a moderator etc. \I(cf.\i \J\Xslow neutron\x).\j
<hw>fast reactor</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i a nuclear reactor using mainly fast neutrons.
<hw>fast-talk</hw> \Iv.tr.\i \BN. Amer.\b \Icolloq.\i persuade by rapid or deceitful talk.
<hw>fast track</hw>\p\In.\i\p\I(usu. hyphenated when \Battrib.)\b\i a route, course, method, etc., which provides for more rapid results than usual \3(on the fast track for promotion).\c\Knew f. ODNW, Incomings Nov 93\k
<hw>fast-wind</hw> \Iv.tr.\i \IElectronics\i wind (magnetic tape) rapidly backwards or forwards.
<hw>fast worker</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Icolloq.\i a person who achieves quick results, esp. in love affairs.
<hw>fat</hw> \K/fat/\k \In., adj., & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IAnat\i a natural oily or greasy substance occurring esp. in animal bodies.\p\B2\b the part of anything containing this.\p\B3\b excessive presence of fat in a person or animal; corpulence.\p\B4\b \IChem.\i any of a group of natural esters of glycerol and various fatty acids existing as solids at room temperature. \Iadj.\i \B(fatter,\b \Bfattest)\b\p\B1\b (of a person or animal) having excessive fat; corpulent.\p\B2\b \IAgriculture\i (of an animal) made plump for slaughter; fatted.\p\B3\b containing much fat.\p\B4\b greasy, oily, unctuous.\p\B5\b (of land or resources) fertile, rich; yielding abundantly.\p\B6\b \Ba\b thick, substantial in content \3(a fat book).\c \Bb\b substantial as an asset or opportunity \3(a fat cheque;\c \2was given a fat part in the play).\c\p\B7\b \IGeol\i \Ba\b (of coal) bituminous. \Bb\b (of clay etc.) sticky.\p\B8\b \Icolloq.\i \Iiron.\i very little; not much \3(a fat chance;\c \2a fat lot).\c \Iv.tr. & intr.\i \B(fatted,\b \Bfatting)\b make or become fat.\p\1the fat is in the fire\c trouble is imminent.\p\1kill the fatted calf\c celebrate, esp. at a prodigal's return (Luke 15).\p\1live off (or on) the fat of the land\c have the best of everything. \Bfatless\b \Iadj.\i \Bfatly\b \Iadv.\i \Bfatness\b\p\In.\i\p\Bfattish\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ifµt\i \I(adj.),\i \Ifµttian\i \I(v.),\i from Germanic\c
<hw>fatal</hw> \K/"feIt(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b causing or ending in death \3(a fatal accident).\c\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i destructive; ruinous; ending in disaster \3(was fatal to their chances;\c \2made a fatal mistake).\c\p\B3\b fateful, decisive. \Bfatally\b \Iadv.\i\Kfatalness omitted Nov 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ifatal\i or Latin \Ifatalis\i (as \J\Xfate\x)\j\c
<hw>fatalism</hw> \K/"feIt(\F'\n)lIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the belief that all events are predetermined and therefore inevitable.\p\B2\b a submissive attitude to events as being inevitable. \Bfatalist\b\p\In.\i\p\Bfatalistic\b \K/-"lIstIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Bfatalistically\b \K/-"lIstIk(\F'\n)li/\k \Iadv.\i
<hw>fatality</hw> \K/f\F'\n"talIti/, /feI-/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b an occurrence of death by accident or in war etc. \Bb\b a person killed in this way.\p\B2\b a fatal influence.\p\B3\b a predestined liability to disaster.\p\B4\b subjection to or the supremacy of fate. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IfatalitΘ\i or Late Latin \Ifatalitas\i from Latin \Ifatalis\i \J\Xfatal\x\j\c
<hw>fat cat</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Islang\i \Iderog.\i a wealthy person, esp. a wealthy businessman, politician, or civil servant.
<hw>fate</hw> \K/feIt/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a power regarded as predetermining events unalterably.\p\B2\b \Ba\b the future regarded as determined by such a power. \Bb\b an individual's appointed lot. \Bc\b the ultimate condition or end of a person or thing \3(that sealed our fate).\c\p\B3\b death, destruction.\p\B4\b (usu. \BFate)\b a goddess of destiny, esp. one of three Greek or Scandinavian goddesses. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \I(usu. in \Bpassive)\b\i preordain \3(was fated to win).\c\p\B2\b (as \Bfated\b \Iadj.)\i doomed to destruction.\p\1fate worse than death\c \Isee\i \J\Xdeath\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Italian \Ifato\i and Latin \Ifatum\i 'that which is spoken', from \Ifari\i 'speak'\c
<hw>fateful</hw> \K/"feItfUl/, /-f(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b important, decisive; having far-reaching consequences.\p\B2\b controlled as if by fate.\p\B3\b causing or likely to cause disaster.\p\B4\b prophetic. \Bfatefully\b \Iadv.\i \Bfatefulness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>fat farm</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Icolloq.\i \Besp. N. Amer.\b a health farm for overweight people.\Knew f. incomings Sep 94\k
<hw>fat-head</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Icolloq.\i a stupid person. \Bfat-headed\b \Iadj.\i \Bfat-headedness\b\p\In.\i\p\K-headed and -headedness subsumed in COD9 Aug 92\k
<hw>fat hen</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i the white goosefoot, Chenopodium album.
<hw>father</hw> \K/"fA:D\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IGenealogy\i \Ba\b a man in relation to a child or children born from his fertilization of an ovum. \Bb\b (in full \Badoptive father)\b \ILaw\i a man who has continuous care of a child, esp. by adoption.\p\B2\b \IZool\i any male animal in relation to its offspring.\p\B3\b \I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i a progenitor or forefather.\p\B4\b an originator, designer, or early leader.\p\B5\b a person who deserves special respect \3(the father of his country).\c\p\B6\b \B(Fathers or Fathers of the Church)\b \IEccl\i early Christian theologians whose writings are regarded as especially authoritative.\p\B7\b (also \BFather)\b \IEccl Relig\i \Ba\b (often as a title or form of address) a priest, esp. of a religious order. \Bb\b a religious leader.\p\B8\b \B(the Father)\b \ITheol\i (in Christian belief) the first person of the Trinity.\p\B9\b \B(Father)\b a venerable person, esp. as a title in personifications \3(Father Time).\c\p\B10\b the oldest member or doyen \3(Father of the House).\c\p\B11\b \I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i the leading men or elders in a city or state \3(city fathers).\c \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b beget; be the father of.\p\B2\b behave as a father towards.\p\B3\b originate (a scheme etc.).\p\B4\b appear as or admit that one is the father or originator of.\p\B5\b \I(foll. by \Bon)\b\i assign the paternity of (a child, book) to a person. \Bfatherhood\b\p\In.\i\p\Bfatherless\b \Iadj.\i \Bfatherlessness\b\p\In.\i\p\Bfatherlike\b \Iadj. & adv.\i\Kfathership omitted Jun 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ifµder\i with many Germanic cognates: related to Latin \Ipater,\i Greek \Ipater\i\c
<hw>Father Christmas</hw>\p\In.\i\p= \J\XSanta Claus\x.\j\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED Nov 93\k
<hw>father figure</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPsychol\i an older man who is respected like a father; a trusted leader.
<hw>father-in-law</hw>\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bfathers-in-law)\b \IGenealogy\i the father of one's husband or wife.
<hw>fatherland</hw> \K/"fA:D\F'\nland/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i one's native country, now esp. Germany.
<hw>fatherly</hw> \K/"fA:D\F'\nli/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b like or characteristic of a father in affection, care, etc. \3(fatherly concern).\c\p\B2\b of or proper to a father. \Bfatherliness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>father of chapel</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bfather of the chapel)\b \BBrit.\b \IPolit Printing\i the shop steward of a printers' chapel.
<hw>Father's Day</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i a day (usu. the third Sunday in June) established for a special tribute to fathers.
<hw>fathom</hw> \K/"faD(\F'\n)m/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i often \Bfathom\b when prec. by a number)\p\B1\b \ISci. Naut\i a measure of six feet, esp. used in taking depth soundings.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b a quantity of wood six feet square in cross-section. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b grasp or comprehend (a problem or difficulty).\p\B2\b \INaut\i measure the depth of (water) with a sounding line. \Bfathomable\b \Iadj.\i \Bfathomless\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ifµthm\i 'outstretched arms', from Germanic\c
<hw>fathometer</hw> \K/fa"DQmIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\INaut\i a type of echo sounder.
<hw>fatigue</hw> \K/f\F'\n"ti:g/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b extreme tiredness after exertion.\p\B2\b \IMech\i weakness in materials, esp. metal, caused by repeated variations of stress.\p\B3\b \IPhysiol\i a reduction in the efficiency of a muscle, organ, etc., after prolonged activity.\p\B4\b an activity that causes fatigue.\p\B5\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \Besp. N. Amer.\b \IMil\i clothing of various types worn by military personnel \3(camouflage fatigues;\c \2combat fatigues).\c\Ksense 5 f. K. Barber, incomings, corpus Sep 94\k\p\B6\b \IMil\i \Iarchaic\i \Ba\b a non-military duty in the army, often as a punishment. \Bb\b (in full \Bfatigue-party)\b a group of soldiers ordered to do such a duty. \Bc\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \IClothing\i clothing worn for such a duty\K6c new f. POD8 Nov 93\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(fatigues,\b \Bfatigued,\b \Bfatiguing)\b cause fatigue in; tire, exhaust. \Bfatiguable\b \Iadj.\i (also \Bfatigable).\b \Bfatiguability\b \K/-g\F'\n"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bfatigability).\b \Bfatigueless\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ifatigue,\i \Ifatiguer\i from Latin \Ifatigare\i 'tire out'\c
<hw>Fatiha</hw> \K/"fA:tI\F'\n/, /"fat-/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \BFatihah)\b \IRelig.\i the short first sura of the Koran, used by Muslims as a prayer. \BEtymology:\b \3Arabic \Ifatiha\i 'opening' from \Ifataha\i 'to open'\c
<hw>Fatimid</hw> \K/"fatImId/\k \In. & adj.\i (also \BFatimite\b \K/-mVIt/\k) \IPolit\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a descendant of Fatima, the daughter of Muhammad.\p\B2\b a member of a dynasty ruling in N. Africa in the 10th-12th c. \Iadj.\i of or relating to the Fatimids.\Kadj. new f. OERD, incomings, Corpus Sep 94\k
<hw>fatling</hw> \K/"fatlIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAgriculture\i a young fatted animal.
<hw>fatso</hw> \K/"fats\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-oes)\b \Islang\i \Ioffens.\i a fat person. \BEtymology:\b \3probably from \J\Xfat\x\j or the designation \IFats\i\c
<hw>fatstock</hw> \K/"fatstQk/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b livestock fattened for slaughter.
<hw>fatten</hw> \K/"fat(\F'\n)n/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr. & intr.\i (esp. with reference to meat-producing animals) make or become fat.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i enrich (soil).
<hw>fattening</hw> \K/"fat(\F'\n)nIN/\k \Iadj.\i (of foods) easily causing an increase in weight.\Knew f. SOED Nov 93\k
<hw>fattism</hw> \K/"fatIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bfatism)\b \ISociol\i prejudice or discrimination against fat people. \Bfattist\b \In. & adj.\i (also \Bfatist).\b\Knew f. NEWS, ODNW Nov 93\k
<hw>fatty</hw> \K/"fati/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i \B(fattier,\b \Bfattiest)\b\p\B1\b like fat; oily, greasy.\p\B2\b \IBiochem\i consisting of or containing fat; adipose.\p\B3\b \IBiochem\i marked by abnormal deposition of fat, esp. in fatty degeneration.\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \Icolloq.\i a fat person (esp. as a nickname). \Kfattily omitted Nov 93\k \Bfattiness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>fatty acid</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i any of a class of organic compounds consisting of a hydrocarbon chain and a terminal carboxyl group, esp. those occurring as constituents of lipids.
<hw>fatwa</hw> \K/"fatwA:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPolit Relig\i (in Islamic countries) an authoritative ruling on a religious matter. \BEtymology:\b \3Arabic \Ifatwa\i\c
\B\Ifaubourg\b\i \K/"f\F'\nUbU\F'\ng/, French /fobur/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeog\i a suburb, esp. of Paris. \BEtymology:\b \3French: cf. medieval Latin \Ifalsus burgus\i 'not the city proper'\c
<hw>fauces</hw> \K/"fO:si:z/\k \In.pl.\i \IAnat.\i a cavity at the back of the mouth. \Bfaucial\b \K/"fO:S(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = throat\c
<hw>faucet</hw> \K/"fO:sIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\Besp. US\b \IPlumbing\i a tap. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ifausset\i 'vent-peg' from Provenτal \Ifalset,\i from \Ifalsar\i 'to bore'\c
<hw>fault</hw> \K/fO:lt/, /fQlt/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a defect or imperfection of character or of structure, appearance, etc.\p\B2\b \IElectr\i a break or other defect in an electric circuit.\p\B3\b a transgression, offence, or thing wrongly done.\p\B4\b \Ba\b \ITennis etc.\i a service of the ball not in accordance with the rules. \Bb\b \IRiding\i (in showjumping) a penalty for an error.\p\B5\b responsibility for wrongdoing, error, etc. \3(it will be your own fault).\c\p\B6\b a defect regarded as the cause of something wrong \3(the fault lies in the teaching methods).\c\p\B7\b \IGeol.\i an extended break in the continuity of strata or a vein.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i find fault with; blame.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i declare to be faulty.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \IGeol.\i break the continuity of (strata or a vein).\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i commit a fault.\p\B5\b \Iintr.\i \IGeol.\i show a fault.\p\1at fault\c guilty; to blame.\p\1find fault\c \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i make an adverse criticism; complain.\p\1to a fault\c (usu. of a commendable quality etc.) excessively \3(generous to a fault).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English \Ifaut(e)\i from Old French, ultimately from Latin \Ifallere\i \J\Xfail\x\j\c
<hw>fault-finding</hw>\p\In.\i\pcontinual criticism. \Bfault-finder\b\p\In.\i\p\K-finder subsumed in COD9 Aug 92\k
<hw>faultless</hw> \K/"fO:ltlIs/, /"fQlt-/\k \Iadj.\i without fault; free from defect or error. \Bfaultlessly\b \Iadv.\i \Bfaultlessness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>faun</hw> \K/fO:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRelig Rom.Hist\i one of a class of Latin rural deities with a human face and torso and a goat's horns, legs, and tail, identified with the Greek satyrs. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ifaune\i or Latin \IFaunus,\i the name of a Latin god identified with Greek Pan\c
<hw>fauna</hw> \K/"fO:n\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bfaunas)\b\p\B1\b \IEcol\i the animal life of a region or geological period \I(cf.\i \J\Xflora\x).\j\p\B2\b a treatise on or list of this. \Bfaunal\b \Iadj.\i \Bfaunist\b\p\In.\i\p\Bfaunistic\b \K/-"nIstIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin, from the name of a rural goddess, sister of Faunus: see \J\Xfaun\x\j\c
\B\Ifaute de mieux\b\i \K/f\F'\nUt d\F'\n "mj\F'\n:/, French /fot d\F'\n mj{/\k \Iadv.\i for want of a better alternative. \BEtymology:\b \3French\c
\B\Ifauteuil\b\i \K/f\F'\nU"t\F'\n:i/, French /fot9j/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFurniture Antiques\i a kind of wooden seat in the form of an armchair with open sides and upholstered arms. \BEtymology:\b \3French, from Old French \Ifaudestuel,\i \Ifaldestoel\i \J\Xfaldstool\x\j\c
<hw>fauve</hw> \K/f\F'\nUv/\k\p\In.\i\p\IArt\i a person who practises or favours fauvism.
<hw>fauvism</hw> \K/"f\F'\nUvIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IArt\i a style of painting with vivid use of colour. \Bfauvist\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Ifauve\i 'wild beast', applied to painters of the school of Matisse\c
<hw>faux</hw> \K/f\F'\nU/\k \Iadj.\i \IFashion\i false, imitation \3(a faux fur hood).\c\Knew f. Incs Oct 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3French, = false\c
<hw>faux pas</hw>\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i same \K/"pA:z/\k)\p\B1\b a tactless mistake; a blunder.\p\B2\b a social indiscretion. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = false step\c
<hw>fave</hw> \K/feIv/\k \In. & adj.\i \Islang\i \ITheatr Broadcasting\i = \J\Xfavourite\x\j (esp. in show business). \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation\c
\B\Ifavela\b\i \K/fa"vEl\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pa Brazilian shack, slum, or shanty town. \BEtymology:\b \3Portuguese\c
<hw>favour</hw> \K/"feIv\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i \B(US\b \Bfavor)\b\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an act of kindness beyond what is due or usual \3(did it as a favour).\c\p\B2\b esteem, liking, approval, goodwill; friendly regard \3(gained their favour;\c \2look with favour on).\c\p\B3\b partiality; too lenient or generous treatment.\p\B4\b aid, support \3(under favour of night).\c\p\B5\b a thing given or worn as a mark of favour or support, e.g. a badge or a knot of ribbons.\p\B6\b \Iarchaic\i leave, pardon \3(by your favour).\c\p\B7\b \ICommerce\i \Iarchaic\i a letter \3(your favour of yesterday).\c \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b regard or treat with favour or partiality.\p\B2\b give support or approval to; promote, prefer.\p\B3\b \Ba\b be to the advantage of (a person). \Bb\b facilitate (a process etc.).\p\B4\b tend to confirm (an idea or theory).\p\B5\b \I(foll. by \Bwith)\b\i oblige \3(favour me with a reply).\c\p\B6\b (as \Bfavoured\b \Iadj.)\i having special advantages.\p\B7\b \Icolloq.\i resemble in features.\p\1in favour\c\p\B1\b meeting with approval.\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bof)\b\i \Ba\b in support of. \Bb\b to the advantage of.\p\1out of favour\c lacking approval. \Bfavourer\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Ifavor -oris,\i from \Ifavere\i 'show kindness to'\c
<hw>favourable</hw> \K/"feIv(\F'\n)r\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \B(US\b \Bfavorable)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b well disposed; propitious. \Bb\b commendatory, approving.\p\B2\b giving consent \3(a favourable answer).\c\p\B3\b promising, auspicious, satisfactory \3(a favourable aspect).\c\p\B4\b \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i helpful, suitable. \Bfavourableness\b\p\In.\i\p\Bfavourably\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ifavorable\i from Latin \Ifavorabilis\i (as \J\Xfavour\x)\j\c
<hw>favourite</hw> \K/"feIv(\F'\n)rIt/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \B(US\b \Bfavorite)\b \Iadj.\i preferred to all others \3(my favourite book).\c\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a specially favoured or preferred person or thing.\p\B2\b \ISport\i a competitor thought most likely to win. \BEtymology:\b \3obsolete French \Ifavorit\i from Italian \Ifavorito,\i past part. of \Ifavorire\i 'favour'\c
<hw>favourite son</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BUS\b \IPolit\i a person supported as a presidential candidate by delegates from the candidate's home state.
<hw>favouritism</hw> \K/"feIv(\F'\n)rItIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Bfavoritism)\b the unfair favouring of one person or group at the expense of another.
<hw>fawn (1)</hw> \K/fO:n/\k \In., adj., & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool\i a young deer in its first year.\p\B2\b a light yellowish brown. \Iadj.\i of a light yellowish-brown colour. \Iv.tr.\i \I(also \Babsol.)\b\i \IZool\i (of a deer) bring forth (young).\p\1in fawn\c \IZool\i (of a deer) pregnant. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ifaon\i etc., ultimately from Latin \Ifetus\i 'offspring': cf. \J\Xfoetus\x\j\c
<hw>fawn (2)</hw> \K/fO:n/\k \Iv.intr.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bon,\b \Bupon)\b\i (of a person) behave servilely, show cringing affection.\p\B2\b (of an animal, esp. a dog) show extreme affection. \Kfawner omitted Nov 93\k \Bfawning\b \Iadj.\i \Bfawningly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ifagnian,\i \Ifµgnian\i (variant of \J\Xfain\x)\j\c
<hw>fax</hw> \K/faks/\k \In. & v.\i \ITelegraphy\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b facsimile transmission (see \J\Xfacsimile\x\p\In.\i\p2).\j\p\B2\b \Ba\b a copy produced or message sent by this. \Bb\b a machine for transmitting and receiving these.\Kmachine sense new f. NEWS Nov 93\k \Iv.tr.\i transmit (a document) in this way. \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation of \J\Xfacsimile\x\j\c
<hw>fay</hw> \K/feI/\k\p\In.\i\p\Iliterary\i a fairy. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ifae,\i \Ifaie\i from Latin \Ifata\i (pl.) 'the Fates'\c
<hw>fayre</hw> \Isee\i \J\Xfair\x (2).\j
<hw>faze</hw> \K/feIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (often as \Bfazed\b \Iadj.)\i \Icolloq.\i disconcert, perturb, disorientate. \BEtymology:\b \3variant of \Ifeeze\i 'drive off', from Old English \Ifesian,\i of unknown origin\c
<hw>FBA</hw> \Iabbr.\i Fellow of the British Academy.
<hw>FBI</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IPolit\i (in the US) Federal Bureau of Investigation.
<hw>FC</hw> \Iabbr.\i \ISport\i (in British names) Football Club.
<hw>FCC</hw> \Iabbr.\i (in the US) Federal Communications Commission.
<hw>FCO</hw> \Iabbr.\i (in the UK) Foreign and Commonwealth Office.
<hw>fcp.</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IPrinting\i foolscap.
<hw>FD</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IEccl\i Defender of the Faith. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \IFidei Defensor\i\c
<hw>FDA</hw> \Iabbr.\i\p\B1\b (in the US) Food and Drug Administration.\p\B2\b \IIndustry\i (in the UK) First Division (Civil Servants) Association \I(cf.\i \J\XAFDCS\x).\j
<hw>FE</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IEducation\i further education.\Knew f. POD8 Nov 93\k
<hw>Fe</hw> \Isymb.\i \IChem.\i the element iron. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iferrum\i\c
<hw>fealty</hw> \K/"fi:\F'\nlti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \ILaw Polit\i\p\B1\b \Ihist.\i \Ba\b a feudal tenant's or vassal's fidelity to a lord. \Bb\b an acknowledgement of this.\p\B2\b allegiance. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \IfeaultΘ\i from Latin \Ifidelitas -tatis,\i from \Ifidelis\i 'faithful' from \Ifides\i 'faith'\c
<hw>fear</hw> \K/fI\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b an unpleasant emotion caused by exposure to danger, expectation of pain, etc. \Bb\b a state of alarm \3(be in fear).\c\p\B2\b a cause of fear \3(all fears removed).\c\p\B3\b \I(often foll. by \Bof)\b\i dread or fearful respect (towards) \3(fear of heights;\c \2fear of one's elders).\c\p\B4\b anxiety for the safety of \3(in fear of their lives).\c\p\B5\b danger; likelihood (of something unwelcome) \3(there is little fear of failure).\c\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \Itr.\i feel fear about or towards (a person or thing). \Bb\b \Iintr.\i feel fear.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bfor)\b\i feel anxiety or apprehension about \3(feared for my life).\c\p\B3\b \Itr.\i apprehend; have uneasy expectation of \3(fear the worst).\c\p\B4\b \Itr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bthat\b + clause)\i apprehend with fear or regret \3(I fear that you are wrong).\c\p\B5\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b \I(foll. by \Bto\b + infin.)\i hesitate. \Bb\b \I(foll. by verbal noun)\i shrink from; be apprehensive about \3(he feared meeting his ex-wife).\c\p\B6\b \Itr.\i show reverence towards.\p\1for fear of\c (or \Bthat)\b to avoid the risk of (or that).\p\1never fear\c there is no danger of that.\p\1no fear\c \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i expressing strong denial or refusal.\p\1without fear or favour\c impartially. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English from Germanic\c
<hw>fearful</hw> \K/"fI\F'\nfUl/, /-f(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bof,\b or \Bthat\b + clause)\i afraid.\p\B2\b terrible, awful.\p\B3\b \Icolloq.\i extremely unwelcome or unpleasant \3(a fearful row).\c \Bfearfully\b \Iadv.\i \Bfearfulness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>fearless</hw> \K/"fI\F'\nlIs/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b courageous, brave.\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bof)\b\i without fear. \Bfearlessly\b \Iadv.\i \Bfearlessness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>fearsome</hw> \K/"fI\F'\ns(\F'\n)m/\k \Iadj.\i appalling or frightening, esp. in appearance. \Bfearsomely\b \Iadv.\i \Bfearsomeness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>feasibility</hw> \K/fi:zI"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\pthe state or degree of being feasible.
<hw>feasibility study</hw>\p\In.\i\pa study of the practicability of a proposed project.
<hw>feasible</hw> \K/"fi:zIb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b practicable, possible; easily or conveniently done.\p\B2\b \Idisp.\i likely, probable \3(it is feasible that it will rain).\c \Bfeasibly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ifaisable,\i \I-ible,\i from \Ifais-,\i stem of \Ifaire,\i from Latin \Ifacere\i 'do, make'\c The use of \Ifeasible\i in sense 2 to mean 'possible' or 'probable' in the sense 'likely' is considered incorrect by many people. \IPossible\i or \Iprobable\i should be used instead.
<hw>feast</hw> \K/fi:st/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a large or sumptuous meal.\p\B2\b a gratification to the senses or mind.\p\B3\b \IEccl\i \Ba\b an annual religious celebration. \Bb\b a day dedicated to a particular saint.\p\B4\b \BBrit.\b an annual village festival.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i partake of a feast; eat and drink sumptuously.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b regale. \Bb\b pass (time) in feasting.\p\1feast one's eyes on\c take pleasure in beholding.\p\1feast of reason\c intellectual talk. \Bfeaster\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ifeste,\i \Ifester\i from Latin \Ifestus\i 'joyous'\c
<hw>feast day</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IRelig.\i a day on which a feast (esp. a religious one) is held.
<hw>feast of Tabernacles</hw>\p\In.\i\p= \J\XSuccoth\x.\j
<hw>feat</hw> \K/fi:t/\k\p\In.\i\pa noteworthy act or achievement. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ifait,\i \Ifet\i (as \J\Xfact\x)\j\c
<hw>feather</hw> \K/"fED\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool Anat\i any of the appendages growing from a bird's skin, with a horny hollow stem and fine strands.\p\B2\b one or more of these as decoration etc.\p\B3\b \I\B(collect.)\b\i \Ba\b plumage. \Bb\b game birds.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i cover or line with feathers.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \IRowing\i turn (an oar) so that it passes through the air edgeways.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \IAeron.\i & \INaut.\i \Ba\b cause (the propeller blades) to rotate in such a way as to lessen the air or water resistance. \Bb\b vary the angle of attack of (helicopter blades).\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i float, move, or wave like feathers.\p\1a feather in one's cap\c an achievement to one's credit.\p\1feather one's nest\c enrich oneself.\p\1in fine (or high) feather\c in good spirits. \Bfeathered\b \Iadj.\i \I(also in \Bcomb.).\b\i \Bfeatherless\b \Iadj.\i \Bfeathery\b \Iadj.\i \Bfeatheriness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ifether,\i \Igefithrian,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>feather bed</hw> \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\IFurniture\i a bed with a mattress stuffed with feathers. \Iv.tr.\i \B(feather-bed)\b \B(-bedded,\b \B-bedding)\b provide with (esp. financial) advantages.
<hw>feather-bedding</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i making or being made comfortable by favourable economic treatment, esp. the employment of excess staff.
<hw>feather-brain</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bfeather-head)\b a silly or absent-minded person. \Bfeather-brained\b \Iadj.\i (also \Bfeather-headed).\b\K-brained and -headed subsumed in COD9 Aug 92\k
<hw>feather edge</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICarpentry\i the fine edge of a wedge-shaped board.
<hw>feathering</hw> \K/"fED(\F'\n)rIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool\i bird's plumage.\p\B2\b the feathers of an arrow.\p\B3\b a feather-like structure in an animal's coat.\p\B4\b \IArchit.\i cusps in tracery.
<hw>feather-light</hw> \Iadj.\i extremely light.\Knew f. corpus Nov 93\k
<hw>feather stitch</hw> \In. & v.\i \INeedlework\i\p\In.\i\pornamental zigzag sewing. \Iv.tr.\i \B(feather-stitch)\b sew with this stitch.\Kverb new f. corpus, SOED Nov 93\k
<hw>featherweight</hw> \K/"fED\F'\nweIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ISport\i \Ba\b a weight in certain sports intermediate between bantamweight and lightweight, in the amateur boxing scale 54-7 kg but differing for professionals, wrestlers, and weightlifters. \Bb\b a boxer etc. of this weight.\p\B2\b a very light person or thing.\p\B3\b \I(usu. \Battrib.)\b\i a trifling or unimportant thing.
<hw>feature</hw> \K/"fi:tS\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a distinctive or characteristic part of a thing.\p\B2\b \I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i \IPhysiol\i a distinctive part of the face, esp. with regard to shape and visual effect.\p\B3\b \IJournalism\i a distinctive or regular article in a newspaper or magazine.\p\B4\b \Ba\b (in full \Bfeature film)\b \ICinematog\i a full-length film intended as the main item in a cinema programme. \Bb\b (in full \Bfeature programme)\b \IBroadcasting\i a broadcast devoted to a particular topic.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i make a special display or attraction of; give special prominence to.\p\B2\b \Itr. & intr.\i \ICinematog Broadcasting\i have as or be an important actor, participant, or topic in a film, broadcast, etc.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i be a feature. \Bfeatured\b \Iadj.\i \I(also in \Bcomb.).\b\i \Bfeatureless\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ifeture,\i \Ifaiture\i 'form' from Latin \Ifactura\i 'formation': see \J\Xfacture\x\j\c
<hw>Feb.</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IHorol\i February.
<hw>febrifuge</hw> \K/"fEbrIfju:dZ/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPharm Med\i a medicine or treatment that reduces fever; a cooling drink. \Bfebrifugal\b \K/fI"brIfjUg(\F'\n)l/, /fEbrI"fju:g(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \IfΘbrifuge,\i from Latin \Ifebris\i 'fever' + \J\X-fuge\x\j\c
<hw>febrile</hw> \K/"fi:brVIl/\k \Iadj.\i \IMed\i of or relating to fever; feverish. \Bfebrility\b \K/fI"brIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \IfΘbrile\i or medieval Latin \Ifebrilis\i from Latin \Ifebris\i 'fever'\c
<hw>February</hw> \K/"fEbrU\F'\nri/, /"fEbjU\F'\nri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IHorol\i the second month of the year. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ifeverier,\i ultimately via Latin \Ifebruarius\i from \Ifebrua,\i the name of a purification feast held in this month\c
<hw>feckless</hw> \K/"fEklIs/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b feeble, ineffective.\p\B2\b unthinking, irresponsible \3(feckless gaiety).\c \Bfecklessly\b \Iadv.\i \Bfecklessness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Scots \Ifeck\i from \Ieffeck,\i variant of \J\Xeffect\x\j\c
<hw>feculent</hw> \K/"fEkjUl(\F'\n)nt/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b murky; filthy.\p\B2\b containing sediments or dregs. \Bfeculence\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \IfΘculent\i or Latin \Ifaeculentus\i (as \J\Xfaeces\x)\j\c
<hw>fecund</hw> \K/"fEk(\F'\n)nd/, /"fi:k-/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b prolific, fertile.\p\B2\b fertilizing. \Bfecundability\b \K/fI%kVnd\F'\n"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bfecundity\b \K/fI"kVndIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from French \IfΘcond\i or Latin \Ifecundus\i\c
<hw>fecundate</hw> \K/"fEk(\F'\n)ndeIt/, /"fi:k-/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b make fruitful.\p\B2\b = \J\Xfertilize\x 2.\j \Bfecundation\b \K/-"deIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ifecundare\i from \Ifecundus\i 'fruitful'\c
<hw>fed (1)</hw> \I\Ipast\i and \Ipast part.\i of\i \J\Xfeed\x.\j
<hw>fed (2)</hw> \K/fEd/\k\p\In.\i\p\BUS\b \IPolit\i \Islang\i\p\B1\b a federal agent or official, esp. a member of the FBI.\p\B2\b \B(Fed)\b \I(prec. by \Bthe)\b\i \IEcon\i = \J\XFederal Reserve\x.\j\Ksense 2 new f. F. Abate, Nov 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation of \J\Xfederal\x\j\c
<hw>fedayeen</hw> \K/fEd\F'\n"ji:n/\k \In.pl.\i \IPolit Mil\i Arab guerrillas operating esp. against Israel. \BEtymology:\b \3colloq. Arabic \Ifida\i'\Iiyin\i (pl.) from Arabic \Ifida\i'\Ii\i 'adventurer'\c
<hw>federal</hw> \K/"fEd(\F'\n)r(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \IPolit\i\p\B1\b of a system of government in which several states form a unity but remain independent in internal affairs.\p\B2\b relating to or affecting such a federation.\p\B3\b of or relating to the central government as distinguished from the separate units constituting a federation \3(federal laws).\c\Ksense 3 new f. OERD Jun 94\k\p\B4\b (also \BFederal)\b favouring centralized government.\p\B5\b comprising an association of largely independent units.\p\B6\b \B(Federal)\b \BUS\b of the Northern States in the Civil War. \Bfederalism\b\p\In.\i\p\Bfederalist\b\p\In.\i\p\Bfederalize\b \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise).\b \Bfederalization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bfederally\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ifoedus -eris\i 'league, covenant'\c
<hw>Federal Reserve</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IEcon\i (in the US) a national system of reserve cash available to banks.
<hw>federate</hw> \Iv. & adj.\i \IPolit\i \Iv.tr. & intr.\i \K/"fEd\F'\nreIt/\k organize or be organized on a federal basis. \Iadj.\i \K/"fEd(\F'\n)r\F'\nt/\k having a federal organization. \Bfederative\b \K/"fEd(\F'\n)r\F'\ntIv/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Ifoederare foederat-\i (as \J\Xfederal\x)\j\c
<hw>federation</hw> \K/fEd\F'\n"reIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i\p\B1\b a federal group of states.\p\B2\b a federated society or group.\p\B3\b the act or an instance of federating. \Bfederationist\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \IfΘdΘration\i from Late Latin \Ifoederatio\i (as \J\Xfederal\x)\j\c
<hw>fedora</hw> \K/fI"dO:r\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IClothing\i a low soft felt hat with a crown creased lengthways. \BEtymology:\b \3\IFΘdora,\i the title of a drama by V. Sardou (1882)\c
<hw>fed up</hw> \Iadj.\i (also \Bfed to death)\b \I(often foll. by \Bwith;\b hyphenated when \Battrib.)\b\i discontented or bored, esp. from a surfeit of something \3(am fed up with the rain;\c \2fed-up commuters).\c\Kfed-upness omitted Jun 94\k
<hw>fee</hw> \K/fi:/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a payment made to a professional person or to a professional or public body in exchange for advice or services.\p\B2\b money paid as part of a special transaction, for a privilege, admission to a society, etc. \3(enrolment fee).\c\p\B3\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i money regularly paid (esp. to a school) for continuing services.\p\B4\b \ILaw\i an inherited estate, unlimited \B(fee simple)\b or limited \B(fee tail)\b as to the category of heir.\p\B5\b \Ihist.\i a fief; a feudal benefice. \Iv.tr.\i \B(fee'd\b or \Bfeed)\b\p\B1\b pay a fee to.\p\B2\b engage for a fee. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Anglo-French, = Old French \Ifeu,\i \Ifieu,\i etc. from medieval Latin \Ifeodum,\i \Ifeudum,\i perhaps from Frankish: cf. \J\Xfeud\x (2),\j \J\Xfief\x\j\c
<hw>feeble</hw> \K/"fi:b(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \B(feebler,\b \Bfeeblest)\b\p\B1\b weak, infirm.\p\B2\b lacking energy, force, or effectiveness.\p\B3\b dim, indistinct.\p\B4\b deficient in character or intelligence. \Bfeebleness\b\p\In.\i\p\Bfeeblish\b \Iadj.\i \Bfeebly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Anglo-French and Old French \Ifeble,\i \Ifieble,\i \Ifleible\i from Latin \Iflebilis\i 'lamentable', from \Iflere\i 'weep'\c
<hw>feed</hw> \K/fi:d/\k \Iv. & n.\i \IFood\i\p\Iv.\i\p\I(past\i and \Ipast part.\i \Bfed\b \K/fEd/\k)\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b supply with food. \Bb\b put food into the mouth of.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \IAgriculture\i \Ba\b give as food, esp. to animals. \Bb\b graze (cattle).\p\B3\b \Itr.\i serve as food for.\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bon)\b\i (esp. of animals, or \Icolloq.\i of people) take food; eat.\p\B5\b \Itr.\i nourish; make grow.\p\B6\b \IMech\i \Ba\b \Itr.\i maintain supply of raw material, fuel, etc., to (a fire, machine, etc.). \Bb\b \Itr.\i \I(foll. by \Binto)\b\i supply (material) to a machine etc. \Bc\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Binto)\b\i (of a river etc.) flow into another body of water. \Bd\b \Itr.\i insert further coins into (a meter) to continue its function, validity, etc.\p\B7\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bon)\b\i \Ba\b be nourished by. \Bb\b derive benefit from.\p\B8\b \Itr.\i \IAgriculture\i use (land) as pasture.\p\B9\b \Itr.\i \ITheatr.\i \Islang\i supply (an actor etc.) with cues.\p\B10\b \Itr.\i \ISport\i send passes to (a player) in a ball game.\p\B11\b \Itr.\i gratify (vanity etc.).\p\B12\b \Itr.\i provide (advice, information, etc.) to.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IAgriculture\i an amount of food, esp. for animals or \BBrit.\b infants.\p\B2\b the act or an instance of feeding; the giving of food.\p\B3\b \Icolloq.\i a meal.\p\B4\b \IAgriculture\i pasturage; green crops.\p\B5\b \IMech\i \Ba\b a supply of raw material to a machine etc. \Bb\b the provision of this or a device for it.\p\B6\b \IBallistics\i the charge of a gun.\p\B7\b \ITheatr.\i \Islang\i an actor who supplies another with cues.\p\Bfeed back\b \IPhysics Electronics\i produce feedback.\Kfeed the fishes omitted as archaic/rare oct 94\k\p\Bfeed up\b\p\B1\b fatten.\p\B2\b satiate \I(cf.\i \J\Xfed up\x).\j\Kfeedable omitted as not current oct 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ifedan,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>feedback</hw> \K/"fi:dbak/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b information about the result of an experiment etc.; response.\p\B2\b \IPhysics\i \IElectronics\i \Ba\b the return of a fraction of the output signal from one stage of a circuit, amplifier, etc., to the input of the same or a preceding stage. \Bb\b a signal so returned.\p\B3\b \IBiol. etc.\i the modification or control of a process or system by its results or effects, esp. in a biochemical pathway or behavioural response.
<hw>feeder</hw> \K/"fi:d\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person or thing that feeds.\p\B2\b a person who eats in a specified manner.\p\B3\b \BBrit.\b a child's feeding bottle.\p\B4\b \BBrit.\b a bib for an infant.\p\B5\b \IGeog\i a tributary stream.\p\B6\b \ITransport\i a branch road, railway line, etc., linking outlying districts with a main communication system.\p\B7\b \IElectr.\i a main carrying electricity to a distribution point.\p\B8\b a hopper or feeding apparatus in a machine.
<hw>feeding bottle</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b a bottle with a teat for feeding infants.
<hw>feedstock</hw> \K/"fi:dstQk/\k\p\In.\i\p\IEngin\i raw material to supply a machine or industrial process.\Knew f. Incs, NSOED Oct 94\k
<hw>feedstuff</hw> \K/"fi:dstVf/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAgriculture\i fodder.\Knew from SOED, corpus Nov 93\k
<hw>feel</hw> \K/fi:l/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\I(past\i and \Ipast part.\i \Bfelt\b \K/fElt/\k)\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b examine or search by touch. \Bb\b \I\B(absol.)\b\i have the sensation of touch \3(was unable to feel).\c\p\B2\b \Itr.\i perceive or ascertain by touch; have a sensation of \3(could feel the warmth;\c \2felt that it was cold).\c\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b undergo, experience \3(shall feel my anger).\c \Bb\b exhibit or be conscious of (an emotion, sensation, conviction, etc.).\p\B4\b \Ba\b \Iintr.\i have a specified feeling or reaction \3(felt strongly about it).\c \Bb\b \Itr.\i be emotionally affected by \3(felt the rebuke deeply).\c\p\B5\b \Itr.\i \I(foll. by \Bthat\b + clause)\i have a vague or unreasoned impression \3(I feel that I am right).\c\p\B6\b \Itr.\i consider, think \3(I feel it useful to go).\c\p\B7\b \Iintr.\i seem; give an impression of being; be perceived as \3(the air feels chilly).\c\p\B8\b \Iintr.\i be consciously; consider oneself \3(I feel happy;\c \2do not feel well).\c\p\B9\b \Iintr.\i \Ba\b \I(foll. by \Bwith)\b\i have sympathy with. \Bb\b \I(foll. by \Bfor)\b\i have pity or compassion for.\p\B10\b \Itr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bup)\b\i \Islang\i fondle clumsily for sexual gratification.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or an instance of feeling; testing by touch.\p\B2\b the sensation characterizing a material, situation, etc.\p\B3\b the sense of touch.\p\1feel free\c \I(often foll. by \Bto\b + infin.)\i not be reluctant or hesitant \3(do feel free to criticize).\c\p\1feel like\c have a wish for; be inclined towards.\p\1feel one's oats\c \Isee\i \J\Xoat\x.\j\p\1feel oneself\c be fit or confident etc.\p\Bfeel out\b investigate cautiously.\p\1feel strange\c \Isee\i \J\Xstrange\x.\j\p\Bfeel up to\b be ready to face or deal with.\p\1feel one's way\c proceed carefully; act cautiously.\p\1get the feel of\c become accustomed to using.\p\1make one's influence (or presence etc.) felt\c assert one's influence; make others aware of one's presence etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ifelan,\i from West Germanic\c
<hw>feeler</hw> \K/"fi:l\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool\i an organ in certain animals for testing things by touch or for searching for food.\p\B2\b a tentative proposal or suggestion, esp. to elicit a response \3(put out feelers).\c\p\B3\b a person or thing that feels.
<hw>feeler gauge</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMech\i a gauge equipped with blades for measuring narrow gaps etc.
<hw>feel-good</hw> \Iattrib.adj.\i that creates a feeling of well-being in people \3(a feel-good film).\c\Knew from corpus, incomings Nov 93\k
<hw>feeling</hw> \K/"fi:lIN/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPhysiol\i \Ba\b the capacity to feel; a sense of touch \3(lost all feeling in his arm).\c \Bb\b a physical sensation.\p\B2\b \Ba\b \I(often foll. by \Bof)\b\i a particular emotional reaction \3(a feeling of despair).\c \Bb\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i emotional susceptibilities or sympathies \3(hurt my feelings;\c \2had strong feelings about it).\c\p\B3\b a particular sensitivity \3(had a feeling for literature).\c\p\B4\b \Ba\b an opinion or notion, esp. a vague or irrational one \3(my feelings on the subject;\c \2had a feeling she would be there).\c \Bb\b vague awareness \3(had a feeling of safety).\c \Bc\b sentiment \3(the general feeling was against it).\c\p\B5\b readiness to feel sympathy or compassion.\p\B6\b \IArt Mus\i \Ba\b the general emotional response produced by a work of art, piece of music, etc. \Bb\b emotional commitment or sensibility in artistic execution \3(played with feeling).\c \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b sensitive, sympathetic.\p\B2\b showing emotion or sensitivity. \Bfeelingless\b \Iadj.\i \Bfeelingly\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>feet</hw> \I\Ipl.\i of\i \J\Xfoot\x.\j
<hw>feign</hw> \K/feIn/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i simulate; pretend to be affected by \3(feign madness).\c\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \Iarchaic\i invent (an excuse etc.).\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i indulge in pretence. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from \Ifeign-,\i stem of Old French \Ifeindre,\i from Latin \Ifingere\i 'mould, contrive'\c
<hw>feijoa</hw> \K/feI"(d)Z\F'\nU\F'\n/; /fE-/, /fi:-/, /-"j\F'\nU\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b any evergreen shrub or tree of the genus \IFeijoa,\i bearing edible guava-like fruit.\p\B2\b this fruit. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin, named after J. da Silva \IFeijo,\i Brazilian naturalist d. 1824\c
<hw>feint (1)</hw> \K/feInt/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMil\i a sham attack or blow etc. to divert attention or fool an opponent or enemy.\p\B2\b pretence. \Iv.intr.\i make a feint. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ifeinte,\i fem. past part. of \Ifeindre\i \J\Xfeign\x\j\c
<hw>feint (2)</hw> \K/feInt/\k \Iadj.\i \Iesp. Printing\i designating the faint lines ruled on paper as a guide for handwriting. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French (as \J\Xfeint\x (1)):\j see \J\Xfaint\x\j\c
<hw>felafel</hw> \K/fE"lA:f(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bfalafel)\b \IFood\i a spicy Middle Eastern dish of fried rissoles made from mashed chickpeas or beans. \BEtymology:\b \3Arabic \Ifalafil\i\c
<hw>feldspar</hw> \K/"fEldspA:/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bfelspar\b \K/"fElspA:/\k) \IMineral.\i any of a group of aluminosilicates of potassium, sodium, or calcium, which are the most abundant rock-forming minerals in the earth's crust, often occurring as large pale crystals. \Bfeldspathic\b \K/-"spaTIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Bfeldspathoid\b \K/"fEldsp\F'\nTOId/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3German \IFeldspat,\i \I-spath,\i from \IFeld\i \J\Xfield\x\j + \ISpat,\i \ISpath\i \J\Xspar\x (3):\j \Ifelspar\i by false association with German \IFels\i 'rock'\c
<hw>felicitate</hw> \K/fI"lIsIteIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bon)\b\i congratulate. \Bfelicitation\b \K/-"teIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(usu. in \Bpl.).\b\i \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Ifelicitare\i 'make happy' from Latin \Ifelix -icis\i 'happy'\c
<hw>felicitous</hw> \K/fI"lIsIt\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i (of an expression, quotation, civilities, or a person making them) strikingly apt; pleasantly ingenious. \Bfelicitously\b \Iadv.\i \Bfelicitousness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>felicity</hw> \K/fI"lIsIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b intense happiness; being happy.\p\B2\b a cause of happiness.\p\B3\b \Ba\b a capacity for apt expression; appropriateness. \Bb\b an appropriate or well-chosen phrase.\p\B4\b a fortunate trait. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \IfelicitΘ\i from Latin \Ifelicitas -tatis,\i from \Ifelix -icis\i 'happy'\c
<hw>feline</hw> \K/"fi:lVIn/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of or relating to the cat family.\p\B2\b catlike, esp. in beauty or slyness.\p\In.\i\pan animal of the cat family Felidae. \Bfelinity\b \K/fI"lInIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ifelinus\i from \Ifeles\i 'cat'\c
<hw>fell (2)</hw> \K/fEl/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \IForestry\i cut down (esp. a tree).\p\B2\b strike or knock down (a person or animal).\p\B3\b \INeedlework\i stitch down (the edge of a seam) to lie flat.\p\In.\i\p\IForestry\i an amount of timber cut. \Bfeller\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ifellan\i from Germanic, related to \J\Xfall\x\j\c
<hw>fell (3)</hw> \K/fEl/\k\p\In.\i\p\BN.Engl.\b \IGeog\i\p\B1\b a hill.\p\B2\b a stretch of hills or moorland. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old Norse \Ifjall,\i \Ifell\i 'hill'\c
<hw>fell (4)</hw> \K/fEl/\k \Iadj.\i \Ipoet.\i or \Iliterary\i\p\B1\b fierce, ruthless.\p\B2\b terrible, destructive.\p\1at (or in) one fell swoop\c in a single (originally deadly) action, in one go. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ifel\i from Romanic \J\Xfelon\x (1)\j\c
<hw>fell (5)</hw> \K/fEl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool Leather\i an animal's hide or skin with its hair. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ifel,\i \Ifell,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>fellah</hw> \K/"fEl\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bfellahin\b \K/-\F'\n"hi:n/\k) an Egyptian peasant. \BEtymology:\b \3Arabic \Ifallah\i 'husbandman' from \Ifalaha\i 'till the soil'\c
<hw>fellatio</hw> \K/fE"leISI\F'\nU/, /-"lA:t-/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISex\i oral stimulation of the penis. \Bfellate\b \K/fI"leIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i \Bfellator\b \K/fI"leIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin, from Latin \Ifellare\i 'suck'\c
<hw>feller</hw> \K/"fEl\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p= \J\Xfellow\x 1, 2\j \I(see also\i \J\Xfell\x (2)).\j \BEtymology:\b \3representing an affected or slang pronunciation\c
<hw>felloe</hw> \K/"fEl\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bfelly\b \K/"fEli/\k) \I(pl.\i \B-oes\b or \B-ies)\b \IMech\i the outer circle (or a section of it) of a wheel, to which the spokes are fixed. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ifelg,\i of unknown origin\c
<hw>fellow</hw> \K/"fEl\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Icolloq.\i a man or boy \3(poor fellow!;\c \2my dear fellow).\c\p\B2\b \Iderog.\i a person regarded with contempt.\p\B3\b \I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i a person associated with another; a comrade \3(were separated from their fellows).\c\p\B4\b a counterpart or match; the other of a pair.\p\B5\b an equal; one of the same class.\p\B6\b a contemporary.\p\B7\b \IEducation\i \Ba\b \BBrit.\b an incorporated senior member of a college. \Bb\b an elected graduate receiving a stipend for a period of research. \Bc\b a member of the governing body in some universities.\p\B8\b a member of a learned society.\p\B9\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i belonging to the same class or activity \3(fellow soldier;\c \2fellow countryman).\c \BEtymology:\b \3originally one who laid out money in a partnership: Old English \Ifeolaga\i from Old Norse \IfΘlagi,\i from \IfΘ\i 'cattle, property, money' + the Germanic base of \J\Xlay\x (1)\j\c
<hw>fellow feeling</hw>\p\In.\i\psympathy from common experience.
<hw>fellowship</hw> \K/"fEl\F'\n(U)SIp/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b companionship, friendliness.\p\B2\b participation, sharing; community of interest.\p\B3\b a body of associates; a company.\p\B4\b a brotherhood or fraternity.\p\B5\b a guild or corporation.\p\B6\b \IEducation\i the status or emoluments of a fellow of a college or society.
<hw>fellow-traveller</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person who travels with another.\p\B2\b \IPolit\i a sympathizer with, or a secret member of, the Communist Party.
<hw>fell walking</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ISport\i the activity of walking on the fells. \Bfell walker\b\p\In.\i\p\Knew from corpus Nov 93\k
<hw>felon (1)</hw> \K/"fEl\F'\nn/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i a person who has committed a felony. \Iadj.\i \Iarchaic\i cruel, wicked. \Bfelonry\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from medieval Latin \Ifelo -onis,\i of unknown origin\c
<hw>felon (2)</hw> \K/"fEl\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i an inflammatory sore on the finger near the nail. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, perhaps as \J\Xfelon\x (1):\j cf. medieval Latin \Ifelo,\i \Ifello\i in the same sense\c
<hw>felonious</hw> \K/fE"l\F'\nUnI\F'\ns/, /fI-/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b criminal.\p\B2\b \ILaw\i \Ba\b of or involving felony. \Bb\b who has committed felony. \Bfeloniously\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>felony</hw> \K/"fEl\F'\nni/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \ILaw\i a usu. violent crime, (in the UK formerly) regarded as graver than a misdemeanour. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ifelonie\i (as \J\Xfelon\x (1))\j\c
<hw>felt (1)</hw> \K/fElt/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\ITextiles\i\p\B1\b a kind of cloth made by rolling and pressing wool etc., or by weaving and shrinking it.\p\B2\b a similar material made from other fibres.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i make into felt; mat together.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i cover with felt.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i become matted. \Bfelty\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English from West Germanic\c
<hw>felt (2)</hw> \I\Ipast\i and \Ipast part.\i of\i \J\Xfeel\x.\j
<hw>felt-tip pen</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bfelt-tipped pen,\b \Bfelt tip)\b a pen with a writing point made of felt or fibre.
<hw>felucca</hw> \K/fE"lVk\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\INaut\i a small Mediterranean coasting vessel with oars or lateen sails or both. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian \Ifelucca\i via obsolete Spanish \Ifaluca\i from Arabic \Ifulk,\i perhaps from Greek \Iepholkion\i 'sloop'\c
<hw>felwort</hw> \K/"fElw\F'\n:t/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a purple-flowered gentian, Gentianella amarella. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ifeldwyrt\i (as \J\Xfield\x,\j \J\Xwort\x)\j\c
<hw>female</hw> \K/"fi:meIl/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IPhysiol\i of the sex that can bear offspring or produce eggs.\p\B2\b \IBot\i (of plants or their parts) fruit-bearing; having a pistil and no stamens.\p\B3\b of or consisting of women or female animals or female plants.\p\B4\b \IMech\i (of a screw, socket, etc.) manufactured hollow to receive a corresponding inserted part.\p\In.\i\pa female person, animal, or plant. \Bfemaleness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ifemelle\i from Latin \Ifemella,\i diminutive of \Ifemina\i 'a woman', assimilated to \Imale\i\c
<hw>female condom</hw> \Isee\i \J\Xcondom\x.\j
<hw>female impersonator</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ITheatr\i a male performer impersonating a woman.
<hw>feme</hw> \K/fi:m/, /fEm/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i a woman or wife. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Anglo-French and Old French from Latin \Ifemina\i 'woman'\c
<hw>feme covert</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i a married woman. \BEtymology:\b \3literally a woman covered (protected) by marriage\c
<hw>feme sole</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i a woman without a husband (esp. if divorced).
<hw>feminal</hw> \K/"fEmIn(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Iarchaic\i womanly. \Bfeminality\b \K/-"nalIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Ifeminalis\i from Latin \Ifemina\i 'woman'\c
<hw>feminine</hw> \K/"fEmInIn/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of or characteristic of women.\p\B2\b having qualities associated with women.\p\B3\b womanly, effeminate.\p\B4\b \IGram.\i of or denoting the gender proper to words or grammatical forms classified as female.\p\In.\i\p\IGram.\i a feminine gender or word. \Bfemininely\b \Iadv.\i \Bfeminineness\b\p\In.\i\p\Bfemininity\b \K/-"nInIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ifeminin -ine\i or Latin \Ifemininus,\i from \Ifemina\i 'woman'\c
<hw>feminine rhyme</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IProsody\i a rhyme between stressed syllables followed by one or more unstressed syllables (e.g. \Istocking\i/\Ishocking,\i \Iglamorous\i/\Iamorous)\i \I(cf.\i \J\Xmasculine rhyme\x).\j\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED Apr 94\k
<hw>feminism</hw> \K/"fEmInIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPolit Sociol\i the advocacy of women's rights on the ground of the equality of the sexes.\p\B2\b \IMed.\i the development of female characteristics in a male person. \Bfeminist\b \In. & adj.\i (in sense 1).\K-ist adj. new from SOED Nov 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ifemina\i 'woman' (in sense 1 via French \IfΘminisme)\i\c
<hw>feminity</hw> \K/fI"mInIti/\k\p\In.\i\p= \J\Xfemininity\x\j (see \J\Xfeminine\x).\j \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \IfeminitΘ\i and medieval Latin \Ifeminitas -tatis\i from Latin \Ifemina\i 'woman'\c
<hw>feminize</hw> \K/"fEmInVIz/\k \Iv.tr. & intr.\i (also \B-ise)\b make or become feminine or female. \Bfeminization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>femto-</hw> \K/"fEmt\F'\nU/\k \Icomb. form\i \ISci\i denoting a factor of 10-15 \3(femtometre).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Danish or Norwegian \Ifemten\i 'fifteen'\c
<hw>femur</hw> \K/"fi:m\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bfemurs\b or \Bfemora\b \K/"fEm(\F'\n)r\F'\n/\k)\p\B1\b \IAnat.\i the thigh bone, the thick bone between the hip and the knee.\p\B2\b \IZool.\i \IAnat\i the third segment of the leg of an insect, usu. the longest and thickest. \Bfemoral\b \K/"fEm(\F'\n)r(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ifemur femoris\i 'thigh'\c
<hw>fen (1)</hw> \K/fEn/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IGeol\i a low marshy or flooded area of land.\p\B2\b \B(the Fens)\b \IGeog\i flat low-lying areas in and around Cambridgeshire. \Bfenny\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ifenn,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>fen (2)</hw> \K/fVn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i same) \ICurrency\i a Chinese coin and monetary unit worth one-hundredth of a yuan.\Knew from NEWS Apr 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Chinese \Ifen\i 'a hundredth part'\c
<hw>fence</hw> \K/fEns/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a barrier or railing or other upright structure enclosing an area of ground, esp. to prevent or control access.\p\B2\b \IRiding Racing\i a large upright obstacle in steeplechasing or showjumping.\p\B3\b \ICriminol\i \Islang\i a receiver of stolen goods.\p\B4\b \IMech\i a guard or guide in machinery.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i surround with or as with a fence.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b \I(foll. by \Bin,\b \Boff)\b\i enclose or separate with or as with a fence. \Bb\b \I(foll. by \Bup)\b\i seal with or as with a fence.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \I(foll. by \Bfrom,\b \Bagainst)\b\i screen, shield, protect.\p\B4\b \Itr.\i \I(foll. by \Bout)\b\i exclude with or as with a fence; keep out.\p\B5\b \Itr.\i \I(also \Babsol.)\b\i \ICriminol\i \Islang\i deal in (stolen goods).\p\B6\b \Iintr.\i \IFencing\i practise the sport of fencing; use a sword.\p\B7\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bwith)\b\i evade answering (a person or question).\p\B8\b \Iintr.\i \IRiding\i (of a horse etc.) leap fences.\p\1sit on the fence\c remain neutral or undecided in a dispute etc. \Bfenceless\b \Iadj.\i \Bfencer\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from \J\Xdefence\x\j\c
<hw>fence post</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBuilding\i a post that supports a fence.\Knew from corpus Nov 93\k
<hw>fencible</hw> \K/"fEnsIb(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i \Ihist.\i a soldier liable only for home service. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from \J\Xdefensible\x\j\c
<hw>fencing</hw> \K/"fEnsIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a set or extent of fences.\p\B2\b material for making fences.\p\B3\b \IFencing Sport\i the art or sport of swordplay.
<hw>fend</hw> \K/fEnd/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bfor)\b\i look after (esp. oneself).\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Boff)\b\i keep away; ward off (an attack etc.). \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from \J\Xdefend\x\j\c
<hw>fender</hw> \K/"fEnd\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a low frame bordering a fireplace to keep in falling coals etc.\p\B2\b \INaut.\i a piece of old cable, matting, etc., hung over a vessel's side to protect it against impact.\p\B3\b a thing used to keep something off, prevent a collision, etc.\p\B4\b \BN. Amer.\b \Ba\b \ITransport\i the mudguard or area around the wheel well of a bicycle or motor vehicle. \Bb\b \Idisp.\i the bumper of a motor vehicle.
<hw>fender bender</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b \IMotoring\i \Islang\i a (usu. minor) collision between vehicles.\Knew in COD9 from NSOED, incomings Nov 93\k
<hw>fenestella</hw> \K/fEnI"stEl\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IArchit.\i \IEccl\i a niche in a wall south of an altar, holding the piscina and often the credence. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, diminutive of \Ifenestra\i 'window'\c
<hw>fenestra</hw> \K/fI"nEstr\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bfenestrae\b \K/-tri:/\k)\p\B1\b \IAnat.\i a small hole or opening in a bone etc., esp. one of two \B(fenestra ovalis,\b \Bfenestra rotunda)\b in the inner ear.\p\B2\b a perforation in a surgical instrument.\p\B3\b \ISurgery\i a hole made by surgical fenestration. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = window\c
<hw>fenestrate</hw> \K/fI"nEstr\F'\nt/, /"fEn\F'\nstr\F'\nt/\k \Iadj.\i \IBot.\i & \IZool.\i \IAnat\i having small window-like perforations or transparent areas. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ifenestratus,\i past part. of \Ifenestrare,\i from \Ifenestra\i 'window'\c
<hw>fenestrated</hw> \K/fI"nEstreItId/, /"fEn\F'\nstreItId/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IArchit.\i having windows.\p\B2\b perforated.\p\B3\b = \J\Xfenestrate\x.\j\p\B4\b \ISurgery\i having fenestrae.
<hw>fenestration</hw> \K/fEnI"streIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IArchit.\i the arrangement of windows in a building.\p\B2\b \IBot.\i & \IZool.\i \IAnat\i being fenestrate.\p\B3\b \ISurgery\i an operation in which a new opening is formed, esp. in the bony labyrinth of the inner ear, as a form of treatment in some cases of deafness.
<hw>fen-fire</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBiol\i a will-o'-the-wisp.
\B\Ifeng shui\b\i \K/"fEN Su:i/, /"fVN/\k\p\In.\i\p(in Chinese thought) a system of good and evil influences in the natural surroundings, considered when siting and designing buildings etc.\Knew f. Incs, NSOED Oct 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Chinese, from \Ifeng\i 'wind' + \Ishui\i 'water'\c
<hw>Fenian</hw> \K/"fi:nI\F'\nn/\k \In. & adj.\i \IPolit\i\p\In.\i\p\Ihist.\i a member of a 19th-c. league among the Irish in the US & Ireland for promoting revolution and overthrowing British government in Ireland. \Iadj.\i of or relating to the Fenians. \BFenianism\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old Irish \IfΘne,\i the name of an ancient Irish people, confused with \Ifφann,\i the guard of legendary kings\c
<hw>fenland</hw> \K/"fEnl\F'\nnd/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(often \Battrib.)\b\i \IGeog\i an area of fens.\Knew f. corpus Nov 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xfen\x (1)\j\c
<hw>fennec</hw> \K/"fEnEk/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a small fox, Vulpes zerda, native to N. Africa and Arabia, having large pointed ears. \BEtymology:\b \3Arabic \Ifanak\i\c
<hw>fennel</hw> \K/"fEn(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBot\i a yellow-flowered umbelliferous plant, Foeniculum vulgare, with fragrant seeds and fine leaves used as flavourings.\p\B2\b \IFood\i the seeds of this.\p\B3\b (in full \BFlorence\b or \Bsweet fennel)\b a variety of this with swollen leaf-bases eaten as a vegetable.\Ksense 3 new f. NSOED Nov 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ifinugl\i etc. and Old French \Ifenoil\i from Latin \Ifeniculum,\i from \Ifenum\i 'hay'\c
<hw>fenugreek</hw> \K/"fEnjUgri:k/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBot\i a leguminous plant, Trigonella foenum-graecum, with aromatic seeds.\p\B2\b \IFood\i these seeds used as flavouring, esp. ground and used in curry powder. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ifenogrecum,\i superseded in Middle English from Old French \Ifenugrec\i from Latin \Ifaenugraecum\i \I(fenum graecum\i 'Greek hay'), used by the Romans as fodder\c
<hw>feoffment</hw> \K/"fi:fm(\F'\n)nt/, /"fEf-/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i \Ihist.\i a mode of conveying a freehold estate by a formal transfer of possession. \Bfeoffee\b \K/fE"fi:/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bfeoffor\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Anglo-French \Ifeoffement,\i related to \J\Xfee\x\j\c
<hw>feral</hw> \K/"fI\F'\nr(\F'\n)l/, /"fEr-/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b (esp. of an animal or animal population) in a wild state after escape from captivity or domestication.\p\B2\b resembling a wild animal; savage, brutal.\p\B3\b untamed, uncultivated. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iferus\i 'wild'\c
<hw>fer de lance</hw> \K/fE: d\F'\n "lA:ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bfers de lance\b \Ipronunc.\i same or \Bfer de lances)\b \IZool\i a large highly venomous snake, Bothrops atrox, native to Central and S. America. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = iron (head) of a lance\c
<hw>feretory</hw> \K/"fEr\F'\nt(\F'\n)ri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IEccl\i\p\B1\b a shrine for a saint's relics.\p\B2\b a chapel containing such a shrine. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ifiertre\i and Latin \Iferetrum\i from Greek \Ipheretron\i from \Iphero\i 'bear'\c
<hw>ferial</hw> \K/"fI\F'\nrI\F'\nl/, /"fEr-/\k \Iadj.\i \IEccl.\i\p\B1\b (of a day) ordinary; not appointed for a festival or fast.\p\B2\b (of a service etc.) for use on a ferial day. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iferial\i or medieval Latin \Iferialis\i from Latin \Iferiae:\i see \J\Xfair\x (2)\j\c
<hw>fermata</hw> \K/f\F'\n:"mA:t\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bfermatas)\b \IMus.\i\p\B1\b an unspecified prolongation of a note or rest.\p\B2\b a sign indicating this. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian from \Ifermare\i 'to stop'\c
<hw>ferment</hw> \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\K/"f\F'\n:mEnt/\k\p\B1\b agitation, excitement, tumult.\p\B2\b \IChem\i \Ba\b fermenting, fermentation. \Bb\b a fermenting agent or leaven.\p\Iv.\i\p\K/f\F'\n"mEnt/\k\p\B1\b \Iintr. & tr.\i \IChem\i undergo or subject to fermentation.\p\B2\b \Iintr. & tr.\i effervesce or cause to effervesce.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i excite; stir up; foment. \Bfermentable\b \K/-"mEnt\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Bfermenter\b \K/-"mEnt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iferment\i or Latin \Ifermentum\i from Latin \Ifervere\i 'boil'\c
<hw>fermentation</hw> \K/f\F'\n:mEn"teIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBiochem\i the breakdown of a substance by micro-organisms, such as yeasts and bacteria, usu. in the absence of oxygen, esp. of sugar to ethyl alcohol in making beers, wines, and spirits.\p\B2\b agitation, excitement. \Bfermentative\b \K/-"mEnt\F'\ntIv/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Late Latin \Ifermentatio\i (as \J\Xferment\x)\j\c
<hw>fermi</hw> \K/"f\F'\n:mi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bfermis)\b \ISci.\i a unit of length equal to 10-15 metre, formerly used in nuclear physics. \BEtymology:\b \3named after E. \IFermi,\i Italian-American physicist d. 1954\c
<hw>fermion</hw> \K/"f\F'\n:mIQn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i any of several subatomic particles with half-integral spin, e.g. nucleons \I(cf.\i \J\Xboson\x).\j \BEtymology:\b \3as \J\Xfermi\x\j + \J\X-on\x\j\c
<hw>fermium</hw> \K/"f\F'\n:mI\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i a transuranic radioactive metallic element produced artificially (symbol \BFm).\b\Ksymb\k \BEtymology:\b \3as \J\Xfermi\x\j + \J\X-ium\x\j\c
<hw>fern</hw> \K/f\F'\n:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i same or \Bferns)\b \IBot\i any flowerless plant of the order Filicopsida, reproducing by spores and usu. having feathery fronds. \Bfernery\b\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies).\b\Kfernless omitted Nov 93\k \Bferny\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ifearn,\i from West Germanic\c
<hw>ferocious</hw> \K/f\F'\n"r\F'\nUS\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b fierce, savage; wildly cruel.\p\B2\b \Besp. US\b \Icolloq.\i (as an intensifier) very great, extreme.\Kintensifier new f. NEWS Nov 93\k \Bferociously\b \Iadv.\i \Bferociousness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iferox -ocis\i\c
<hw>ferocity</hw> \K/f\F'\n"rQsIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b ferocious nature; the state of being ferocious.\p\B2\b a ferocious act. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IfΘrocitΘ\i or Latin \Iferocitas\i (as \J\Xferocious\x)\j\c
<hw>-ferous</hw> \K/f(\F'\n)r\F'\ns/\k \Icomb. form\i (usu. \B-iferous)\b forming adjectives with the sense 'bearing', 'having' \3(auriferous;\c \2odoriferous).\c \B-ferously\b \Isuffix.\i \B-ferousness\b \Isuffix.\i \BEtymology:\b \3from or suggested by French \I-fΦre\i or Latin \I-fer\i 'producing' from \Iferre\i 'bear'\c
<hw>ferrate</hw> \K/"fEreIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i a salt in which the anion contains both iron (esp. in the trivalent form) and oxygen. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iferrum\i 'iron'\c
<hw>ferrel</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xferrule\x.\j
<hw>ferret</hw> \K/"fErIt/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool\i a small half-tamed domesticated polecat, Mustela putorius furo, used in catching rabbits, rats, etc.\p\B2\b a person who searches assiduously.\p\Iv.\i\p\B(ferreted,\b \Bferreting)\b\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i hunt with ferrets.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i rummage; search about.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \I(often foll. by \Babout,\b \Baway,\b \Bout,\b etc.)\i \Ba\b clear out (holes or an area of ground) with ferrets. \Bb\b take or drive away (rabbits etc.) with ferrets.\p\B4\b \Itr.\i \I(foll. by \Bout)\b\i search out (secrets, criminals, etc.). \Bferreter\b\p\In.\i\p\Bferrety\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ifu(i)ret,\i alteration of \Ifu(i)ron,\i and Late Latin \Ifuro -onis\i from Latin \Ifur\i 'thief'\c
<hw>ferriage</hw> \K/"fErIIdZ/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITransport\i\p\B1\b conveyance by ferry.\p\B2\b \ICommerce\i a charge for using a ferry.
<hw>ferric</hw> \K/"fErIk/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of iron.\p\B2\b \IChem.\i containing iron in a trivalent form \I(cf.\i \J\Xferrous\x \Iadj.\i 2).\j
<hw>ferrimagnetism</hw> \K/fErI"magnItIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i a form of ferromagnetism with parallel but opposite alignment of neighbouring atoms or ions. \Bferrimagnetic\b \K/-mag"nEtIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \IferrimagnΘtisme\i (as \J\Xferri-\x,\j \J\Xmagnetism\x)\j\c
<hw>Ferris wheel</hw> \K/"fErIs/\k\p\In.\i\pa fairground ride consisting of a giant revolving vertical wheel with passenger cars suspended on its outer edge. \BEtymology:\b \3named after G. W. G. \IFerris,\i American engineer d. 1896\c
<hw>ferrite</hw> \K/"fErVIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i\p\B1\b a salt in which the anion contains both divalent iron and oxygen, often with magnetic properties.\p\B2\b an allotrope of pure iron occurring in low-carbon steel. \Bferritic\b \K/fE"rItIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iferrum\i 'iron'\c
<hw>ferro-</hw> \K/"fEr\F'\nU/\k \Icomb. form\i \IChem.\i\p\B1\b iron, esp. in ferrous compounds \3(ferrocyanide).\c\p\B2\b (of alloys) containing iron \3(ferromanganese).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iferrum\i 'iron'\c
<hw>ferroconcrete</hw> \K/fEr\F'\nU"kQNkri:t/\k \In. & adj.\i \IBuilding\i\p\In.\i\pconcrete reinforced with steel. \Iadj.\i made of reinforced concrete.
<hw>ferroelectric</hw> \K/%fEr\F'\nUI"lEktrIk/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IPhysics\i \Iadj.\i exhibiting permanent electric polarization which varies in strength with the applied electric field.\p\In.\i\pa ferroelectric substance. \Bferroelectricity\b \K/-"trIsIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xelectric\x\j on the pattern of \Iferromagnetic\i\c
<hw>ferromagnetism</hw> \K/fEr\F'\n(U)"magnItIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i a phenomenon in which a material has a high susceptibility to magnetization, the strength of which varies with the applied magnetizing field, and which may persist after removal of the applied field. \Bferromagnetic\b \K/-mag"nEtIk/\k \Iadj.\i
<hw>ferrous</hw> \K/"fEr\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b containing iron \3(ferrous and non-ferrous metals).\c\p\B2\b \IChem.\i containing iron in a divalent form \I(cf.\i \J\Xferric\x \Iadj.\i 2).\j \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iferrum\i 'iron'\c
<hw>ferruginous</hw> \K/fE"ru:dZIn\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IChem\i of or containing iron rust, or iron as a chemical constituent.\p\B2\b rust-coloured; reddish brown. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iferrugo -ginis\i 'rust' from \Iferrum\i 'iron'\c
<hw>ferruginous duck</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a European diving duck, Aythya nyroca, with mainly red-brown plumage.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Jan 94\k
<hw>ferrule</hw> \K/"fEru:l/, /"fEr(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bferrel\b \K/"fEr(\F'\n)l/\k)\p\B1\b a ring or cap strengthening the end of a stick or tube.\p\B2\b \IMech Engin\i a band strengthening or forming a joint. \BEtymology:\b \3earlier \Iverrel\i etc. via Old French \Ivirelle,\i \Ivirol(e),\i from Latin \Iviriola,\i diminutive of \Iviriae\i 'bracelet': assimilated to Latin \Iferrum\i 'iron'\c
<hw>ferry</hw> \K/"fEri/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \ITransport Naut Aeron\i a boat or aircraft etc. for conveying passengers and goods, esp. across water and as a regular service.\p\B2\b the service itself or the place where it operates.\p\Iv.\i\p\B(-ies,\b \B-ied)\b\p\B1\b \Itr. & intr.\i convey or go in a boat etc. across water.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i (of a boat etc.) pass to and fro across water.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i transport from one place to another, esp. as a regular service. \Bferryman\b\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-men).\b \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old Norse \Iferja,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>fertile</hw> \K/"f\F'\n:tVIl/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \IGeog\i (of soil) producing abundant vegetation or crops. \Bb\b fruitful.\p\B2\b \IBiol\i \Ba\b (of a seed, egg, etc.) capable of becoming a new individual. \Bb\b (of animals and plants) able to conceive young or produce fruit.\p\B3\b (of the mind) inventive.\p\B4\b \IPhysics\i (of nuclear material) able to become fissile by the capture of neutrons. \Bfertility\b \K/-"tIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via French from Latin \Ifertilis\i\c
<hw>Fertile Crescent</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IGeog\i the fertile region extending in a crescent shape from the E. Mediterranean to the Persian Gulf.
<hw>fertilization</hw> \K/%f\F'\n:tIlVI"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \B-isation)\b\p\B1\b \IBiol.\i the fusion of male and female gametes during sexual reproduction to form a zygote.\p\B2\b \IBiol\i \Ba\b the act or an instance of fertilizing. \Bb\b the process of being fertilized.
<hw>fertilize</hw> \K/"f\F'\n:tIlVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b\p\B1\b \IAgriculture\i make (soil etc.) fertile or productive.\p\B2\b \IBiol\i cause (an egg, female animal, or plant) to develop a new individual by introducing male reproductive material. \Bfertilizable\b \Iadj.\i
<hw>fertilizer</hw> \K/"f\F'\n:tIlVIz\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IHort.\i a chemical or natural substance added to soil to make it more fertile.
<hw>ferula</hw> \K/"fErjUl\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBot\i any plant of the genus \IFerula,\i esp. the giant fennel (F. communis), having a tall sticklike stem and thick roots.\p\B2\b = \J\Xferule\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin, = giant fennel, rod\c
<hw>ferule</hw> \K/"fEru:l/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\pa flat ruler with a widened end formerly used for beating children. \Iv.tr.\i beat with a ferule. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English (as \J\Xferula\x)\j\c
<hw>fervent</hw> \K/"f\F'\n:v(\F'\n)nt/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b ardent, impassioned, intense \3(fervent admirer;\c \2fervent hatred).\c\p\B2\b hot, glowing. \Bfervency\b\p\In.\i\p\Bfervently\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Ifervere\i 'boil'\c
<hw>fervour</hw> \K/"f\F'\n:v\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Bfervor)\b\p\B1\b vehemence, passion, zeal.\p\B2\b a glowing condition; intense heat. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Ifervor -oris\i (as \J\Xfervent\x)\j\c
<hw>fescue</hw> \K/"fEskju:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i any fine-leaved grass of the genus \IFestuca,\i valuable for pasture and fodder. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English \Ifestu(e)\i from Old French \Ifestu,\i ultimately from Latin \Ifestuca\i 'stalk, straw'\c
<hw>fess (1)</hw> \K/fEs/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bfesse)\b \IHeraldry\i a horizontal stripe across the middle of a shield.\p\1in fess\c arranged horizontally. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Ifascia\i 'band'\c
<hw>fess (2)</hw> \K/fEs/\k \Iv.intr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bup)\b\i \Icolloq.\i confess.\Knew f. Incs, NSOED Oct 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3contraction of \J\Xconfess\x\j\c
<hw>fess point</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IHeraldry\i a point at the centre of a shield.
<hw>festal</hw> \K/"fEst(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b joyous, merry.\p\B2\b engaging in holiday activities.\p\B3\b of a feast. \Bfestally\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old French from Late Latin \Ifestalis\i (as \J\Xfeast\x)\j\c
<hw>fester</hw> \K/"fEst\F'\n/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr. & intr.\i \IMed\i make or become septic.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i cause continuing annoyance.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i rot, stagnate. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from obsolete \Ifester\i \I(n.)\i or Old French \Ifestrir,\i via Old French \Ifestre\i from Latin \Ifistula:\i see \J\Xfistula\x\j\c
<hw>festival</hw> \K/"fEstIv(\F'\n)l/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a day or period of celebration, religious or secular.\p\B2\b \IArt etc.\i a concentrated series of concerts, plays, etc., held regularly in a town etc. \3(Bath Festival).\c \Iattrib.adj.\i of or concerning a festival. \BEtymology:\b \3earlier as adj.: Middle English via Old French from medieval Latin \Ifestivalis\i (as \J\Xfestive\x)\j\c
<hw>festival of lights</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i\p\B1\b = \J\XHanukkah\x.\j\p\B2\b = \J\XDiwali\x.\j
<hw>festive</hw> \K/"fEstIv/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of or characteristic of a festival.\p\B2\b cheerful, joyous, celebratory.\p\B3\b (of a person) fond of feasting; jovial. \Bfestively\b \Iadv.\i \Bfestiveness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ifestivus\i from \Ifestum\i (as \J\Xfeast\x)\j\c
<hw>festivity</hw> \K/fE"stIvIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b gaiety, rejoicing.\p\B2\b \Ba\b a festive celebration. \Bb\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i festive proceedings. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \IfestivitΘ\i or Latin \Ifestivitas\i (as \J\Xfestive\x)\j\c
<hw>festoon</hw> \K/fE"stu:n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a chain of flowers, leaves, ribbons, etc., hung in a curve as a decoration.\p\B2\b a carved or moulded ornament representing this. \Iv.tr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i adorn with or form into festoons; decorate elaborately. \Bfestoonery\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Ifeston\i from Italian \Ifestone\i 'festal ornament', from \Ifesta\i \J\Xfeast\x\j\c
<hw>Festschrift</hw> \K/"fEs(t)SrIft/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bfestschrift)\b \I(pl.\i \B-schriften\b or \B-schrifts)\b \ILiterature\i a collection of writings published in honour of a scholar. \BEtymology:\b \3German, from \IFest\i 'celebration' + \ISchrift\i 'writing'\c
<hw>feta</hw> \K/"fEt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bfetta)\b \IFood\i a white ewe's-milk or goat's-milk cheese made esp. in Greece. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Greek \Ipheta\i\c
<hw>fetch (1)</hw> \K/fEtS/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b go for and bring back (a person or thing) \3(fetch a doctor).\c\p\B2\b cause to come \3(the thought of food fetched him).\c\Ksense 2 new f. DJT Nov 93\k\p\B3\b cause (blood, tears, a sigh) to come out.\p\B4\b draw (breath).\p\B5\b \Icolloq.\i give (a blow, slap, etc.) \I(usu. with recipient stated:\i \2fetched him a slap on the face).\c\p\B6\b be sold for; realize (a price) \3(fetched ú10).\c\p\B7\b \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i move to interest or delight \3(that song always fetches the audience).\c\Kverb sense 7 new f. Incs, NSOED Oct 94\k\Ksense excite emotions of omitted Nov 93\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an act of fetching.\p\B2\b a dodge or trick.\p\B3\b \INaut.\i \Ba\b the distance travelled by wind or waves across open water. \Bb\b the distance a vessel must sail to reach open water.\p\1fetch and carry\c run backwards and forwards with things, be a mere servant.\p\Bfetch up\b\p\B1\b arrive, come to rest.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b \IMed\i vomit. \Bfetcher\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ifecc(e)an,\i variant of \Ifetian,\i probably related to a Germanic root = grasp\c
<hw>fetch (2)</hw> \K/fEtS/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b a person's wraith or double. \BEtymology:\b \317th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>fΩte</hw> \K/feIt/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b an outdoor function with the sale of goods, amusements, etc., esp. to raise funds for a charity or cause.\p\B2\b a great entertainment; a festival.\p\B3\b \IRelig.\i a saint's day. \Iv.tr.\i honour or entertain lavishly. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IfΩte\i (as \J\Xfeast\x)\j\c
\B\IfΩte champΩtre\b\i \K/feIt SQ~"peItr(\F'\n)/, French /fEt SA~pEtr/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B\IfΩtes champΩtres\b\i \Ipronunc.\i same) an outdoor entertainment; a rural festival. \BEtymology:\b \3French (as \J\XfΩte\x,\j \IchampΩtre\i 'rural')\c
\B\IfΩte galante\b\i \K/feIt ga"lQ~t/, French /fEt galA~t/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B\IfΩtes galantes\b\i \Ipronunc.\i same) \IArt\i\p\B1\b an outdoor entertainment or rural festival, esp. as depicted in 18th-c. French painting.\p\B2\b a painting in this genre.\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED, corpus Mar 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3French (as \J\XfΩte\x,\j \Igalante,\i fem. of \Igalant\i \J\Xgallant\x)\j\c
<hw>fetish</hw> \K/"fEtIS/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPsychol.\i a thing abnormally stimulating or attracting sexual desire.\p\B2\b \IRelig\i \Ba\b an inanimate object worshipped by primitive peoples for its supposed inherent magical powers or as being inhabited by a spirit. \Bb\b a thing evoking irrational devotion or respect. \Bfetishism\b\p\In.\i\p\Bfetishist\b\p\In.\i\p\Bfetishistic\b \K/-"SIstIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \IfΘtiche\i from Portuguese \Ifeitiτo\i 'charm': originally an adj. = made by art, from Latin \Ifactitius\i \J\Xfactitious\x\j\c
<hw>fetishize</hw> \K/"fEtISVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b make a fetish of; pay undue respect to. \Bfetishization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Knew f. NEWS, SOED Nov 93\k
<hw>fetlock</hw> \K/"fEtlQk/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnat Zool\i the part of a horse's leg between the cannon-bone and the pastern, forming a projection above and behind the hoof where a tuft of hair often grows. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, related to German \IFessel\i 'fetlock', from the Germanic base of \J\Xfoot\x\j\c
<hw>fetter</hw> \K/"fEt\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a shackle for holding a prisoner by the ankles. \Bb\b any shackle or bond.\p\B2\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i captivity.\p\B3\b a restraint or check. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b put into fetters.\p\B2\b restrict, restrain, impede. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ifeter,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>fetterlock</hw> \K/"fEt\F'\nlQk/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IRiding\i a D-shaped fetter for tethering a horse by the leg.\p\B2\b \IHeraldry\i a heraldic representation of this.
<hw>fettle</hw> \K/"fEt(\F'\n)l/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\pcondition or trim \3(in fine fettle).\c \Iv.tr.\i \IPottery etc. Mech\i trim or clean (the rough edge of a metal casting, pottery before firing, etc.). \BEtymology:\b \3earlier as verb, from dialect \Ifettle\i \I(n.)\i = girdle, from Old English \Ifetel,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>fettler</hw> \K/"fEtl\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b & \BAustral.\b \IRailways\i a railway maintenance worker.\p\B2\b \IMech Pottery etc.\i a person who fettles.
<hw>fettuccine</hw> \K/fEtU"tSi:ni/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bfettucini)\b \ICookery\i pasta made in ribbons.\Knew f. SOED, corpus Nov 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Italian, pl. of diminutive of \Ifetta\i 'slice, ribbon'\c
<hw>feu</hw> \K/fju:/\k \In. & v.\i \BSc.\b \IAgriculture\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a perpetual lease at a fixed rent.\p\B2\b a piece of land so held. \Iv.tr.\i \B(feus,\b \Bfeued,\b \Bfeuing)\b grant (land) on feu. \BEtymology:\b \3Old French: see \J\Xfee\x\j\c
<hw>feud (1)</hw> \K/fju:d/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a state of prolonged mutual hostility, esp. between two families, tribes, etc., with murderous assaults in revenge for a previous injury \3(a family feud;\c \2be at feud with).\c\p\B2\b a prolonged or bitter quarrel or dispute. \Iv.intr.\i conduct a feud. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English \Ifede\i via Old French \Ifeide,\i \Ifede\i and Middle Dutch, Middle Low German \Ivede\i from Germanic, related to \J\Xfoe\x\j\c
<hw>feud (2)</hw> \K/fju:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAgriculture\i a piece of land held under the feudal system or in fee; a fief. \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Ifeudum:\i see \J\Xfee\x\j\c
<hw>feudal</hw> \K/"fju:d(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \IAgriculture\i\p\B1\b of, according to, or resembling the feudal system.\p\B2\b of a feud or fief.\p\B3\b outdated \3(had a feudal attitude).\c \Bfeudalism\b\p\In.\i\p\Bfeudalist\b\p\In.\i\p\Bfeudalistic\b \K/-"lIstIk/\k \Iadj.\i \Bfeudalize\b \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise).\b \Bfeudalization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bfeudally\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Ifeudalis,\i \Ifeodalis\i from \Ifeudum,\i \Ifeodum\i \J\Xfee\x,\j perhaps from Germanic\c
<hw>feudality</hw> \K/fju:"dalIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IAgriculture\i\p\B1\b the feudal system or its principles.\p\B2\b a feudal holding, a fief. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IfΘodalitΘ\i from \IfΘodal\i (as \J\Xfeudal\x)\j\c
<hw>feudal system</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Ihist.\i the social system in medieval Europe whereby a vassal held land from a superior in exchange for allegiance and service.
<hw>feudatory</hw> \K/"fju:d\F'\nt(\F'\n)ri/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IAgriculture\i \Iadj.\i \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i feudally subject; under overlordship.\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b a feudal vassal. \BEtymology:\b \3medieval Latin \Ifeudatorius\i from \Ifeudare\i 'enfeoff' (as \J\Xfeud\x (2))\j\c
\B\Ifeu de joie\b\i \K/f\F'\n: d\F'\n "ZwA:/, French /f{ d\F'\n Zwa/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B\Ifeux\b\i \Ipronunc.\i same) a salute by firing rifles etc. on a ceremonial occasion. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = fire of joy\c
<hw>feudist</hw> \K/"fju:dIst/\k\p\In.\i\p\BUS\b a person who is conducting a feud.
<hw>feuilleton</hw> \K/"f\F'\n:ItQ~/\k\p\In.\i\p\IJournalism\i\p\B1\b a part of a newspaper etc. devoted to fiction, criticism, light literature, etc.\p\B2\b an item printed in this. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = leaflet\c
<hw>fever</hw> \K/"fi:v\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMed\i \Ba\b an abnormally high body temperature, often with delirium etc. \Bb\b a disease characterized by this \3(scarlet fever;\c \2typhoid fever).\c\p\B2\b nervous excitement; agitation. \Iv.tr.\i (esp. as \Bfevered\b \Iadj.)\i affect with fever or excitement. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ifefor\i and Anglo-French \Ifevre,\i Old French \Ifievre,\i from Latin \Ifebris\i\c
<hw>feverfew</hw> \K/"fi:v\F'\nfju:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i an aromatic bushy plant, Tanacetum parthenium (daisy family), with feathery leaves and white daisy-like flowers, used to treat migraine and, formerly, to reduce fever. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ifeferfuge\i from Latin \Ifebrifuga\i (as \J\Xfebrifuge\x)\j\c
<hw>feverish</hw> \K/"fi:v(\F'\n)rIS/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IMed\i having the symptoms of a fever.\p\B2\b excited, fitful, restless.\p\B3\b (of a place) infested by fever; feverous. \Bfeverishly\b \Iadv.\i \Bfeverishness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>feverous</hw> \K/"fi:v(\F'\n)r\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i \IMed\i\p\B1\b infested with or apt to cause fever.\p\B2\b \Iarchaic\i feverish.
<hw>fever pitch</hw>\p\In.\i\pa state of extreme excitement.
<hw>fever tree</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b a yellow-flowered southern African tree, Acacia xanthophloea.\p\B2\b a tree yielding a febrifuge, esp. Pickneya pubens of the south-east US.\Knew f. OED, Coll. Jan 94\k
<hw>few</hw> \K/fju:/\k \Iadj., det., & pron.\i \Iadj. & det.\i\p\B1\b not many \3(very few people came;\c \2visitors are few;\c \2few doctors smoke).\c\p\B2\b \I(prec. by \Ba)\b\i a small number of \3(everything depended on a few people;\c \2a few good restaurants).\c \Ipron.\i \I(treated as \Bpl.)\b\i\p\B1\b \I(prec. by \Ba)\b\i some but not many \3(he only kept a few;\c \2a few of his friends were there).\c\p\B2\b a small number, not many \3(many are called but few are chosen).\c\p\B3\b \I(prec. by \Bthe)\b\i \Ba\b the minority. \Bb\b the elect.\p\B4\b \B(the Few)\b \BBrit.\b \IMil\i the RAF pilots who took part in the Battle of Britain.\p\1every few\c once in every small group of \3(every few days).\c\p\1few and far between\c scarce.\p\1a good few\c \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i a fairly large number.\p\1have a few\c \IDrink\i \Icolloq.\i take several alcoholic drinks.\p\1no fewer than\c as many as (a specified number).\p\1not a few\c a considerable number.\p\1some few\c some but not at all many.\Kfewness omitted Nov 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ifeawe,\i \Ifeawa,\i from Germanic\c See Usage Note at \J\Xless\x.\j
<hw>fey</hw> \K/feI/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b strange, other-worldly; elfin; whimsical. \Bb\b clairvoyant.\p\B2\b \BSc.\b \Ba\b fated to die soon. \Bb\b overexcited or elated, as formerly associated with the state of mind of a person about to die. \Bfeyly\b \Iadv.\i \Bfeyness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ifµge,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>Feynman diagram</hw> \K/"fVInm\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i a diagram of interactions between subatomic particles.\Knew f. Coll. Jan 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3named after R. \IFeynman,\i US physicist d. 1988\c
<hw>fez</hw> \K/fEz/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bfezzes)\b \IClothing\i a flat-topped conical red cap with a tassel, worn by men in some Muslim countries. \Bfezzed\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Turkish, perhaps from \IFez\i in Morocco\c
<hw>ff</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IMus.\i fortissimo.
<hw>ff.</hw> \Iabbr.\i \ILiterature Publishing Printing\i\p\B1\b following pages etc.\p\B2\b folios.
<hw>Fg. Off.</hw> \Iabbr.\i (in the UK) Flying Officer.\Knew f. corpus, correspondence Feb 95\k
<hw>fiacre</hw> \K/fI"A:kr\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITransport\i \Ihist.\i a small four-wheeled cab. \BEtymology:\b \3named after the H⌠tel de St \IFiacre,\i Paris, where such vehicles were first hired out\c
<hw>fiancΘ</hw> \K/fI"QnseI/, /-"A:ns-/, /-"Q~s-/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(fem.\i \BfiancΘe\b \Ipronunc.\i same) a person to whom another is engaged to be married. \BEtymology:\b \3French, past part. of \Ifiancer\i 'betroth' from Old French \Ifiance\i 'a promise', ultimately from Latin \Ifidere\i 'to trust'\c
<hw>fianchetto</hw> \K/fI\F'\nn"tSEt\F'\nU/, /-"kEt\F'\nU/\k \In. & v.\i \IChess\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-oes)\b the development of a bishop to a long diagonal of the board. \Iv.tr.\i \B(-oes,\b \B-oed)\b develop (a bishop) in this way. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian, diminutive of \Ifianco\i \J\Xflank\x\j\c
<hw>Fianna Fßil</hw> \K/fI%an\F'\n "fOIl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i one of the two main political parties of the Republic of Ireland.\Knew f. SOED, OEED Nov 93. Pronuncs differ -have used SOED's\k \BEtymology:\b \3Irish, from \Ifianna\i 'band of warriors' + \IFßil,\i genitive of \IFßl,\i an ancient name for Ireland\c
<hw>fiasco</hw> \K/fI"ask\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b a ludicrous or humiliating failure or breakdown (originally in a dramatic or musical performance); an ignominious result. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian, = bottle (with unexplained allusion): see \J\Xflask\x\j\c
<hw>fiat</hw> \K/"fVIat/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an authorization.\p\B2\b a decree or order. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = let it be done\c
<hw>fiat money</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BUS\b \IEcon\i inconvertible paper money made legal tender by a Government decree.
<hw>fib</hw> \K/fIb/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\pa trivial or venial lie. \Iv.intr.\i \B(fibbed,\b \Bfibbing)\b tell a fib. \Bfibber\b\p\In.\i\p\Bfibster\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3perhaps from obsolete \Ifible-fable\i 'nonsense', reduplication of \J\Xfable\x\j\c
<hw>Fibonacci series</hw> \K/fIb\F'\n"nA:tSi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMath.\i a series of numbers in which each number \B(Fibonacci number)\b is the sum of the two preceding numbers, esp. 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3named after L. \IFibonacci,\i Italian mathematician fl. 1200\c
<hw>fibre</hw> \K/"fVIb\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Bfiber)\b\p\B1\b \IBiol.Textiles\i any of the threads or filaments forming animal or vegetable tissue and textile substances.\p\B2\b \IOptics Engin Furniture\i a piece of glass in the form of a thread.\p\B3\b \Ba\b a substance formed of fibres. \Bb\b a substance that can be spun, woven, or felted.\p\B4\b the structure, grain, or character of something \3(lacks moral fibre).\c\p\B5\b \IFood\i dietary material that is resistant to the action of digestive enzymes; roughage. \Bfibred\b \Iadj.\i \I(also in \Bcomb.).\b\i \Bfibreless\b \Iadj.\i \Bfibriform\b \K/"fVIbrIfO:m/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via French from Latin \Ifibra\i\c
<hw>fibreboard</hw> \K/"fVIb\F'\nbO:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Bfiberboard)\b \IBuilding\i a building material made of wood or other plant fibres compressed into boards.
<hw>fibrefill</hw> \K/"fVIb\F'\nfIl/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITextiles Clothing\i a synthetic material used for padding garments, cushions, etc.\Knew f. NEWS, SOED Nov 93\k
<hw>fibreglass</hw> \K/"fVIb\F'\nglA:s/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Bfiberglass)\b \IBuilding Furniture Electr\i\p\B1\b a textile fabric made from woven glass fibres.\p\B2\b a plastic reinforced by glass fibres.
<hw>fibre optics</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IOptics\i\p\B1\b \I(treated as \Bsing.)\b\i the use of thin flexible fibres of glass or other transparent solids to transmit light signals, e.g. for telecommunications or internal inspection of the body.\p\B2\b \I(treated as \Bpl.)\b\i the fibres etc. so used.\Ksense 2 new f. Incomings Nov 94\k
<hw>fibril</hw> \K/"fVIbrIl/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a small fibre.\p\B2\b a subdivision of a fibre. \Bfibrillar\b \Iadj.\i \Bfibrillary\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \Ifibrilla,\i diminutive of Latin \Ifibra\i 'fibre'\c
<hw>fibrillate</hw> \K/"fVIbrIleIt/, /"fI-/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \Ba\b (of a fibre) split up into fibrils. \Bb\b \IMed\i (of a muscle, esp. in the heart) undergo a quivering movement due to uncoordinated contraction of the individual fibrils.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i break (a fibre) into fibrils. \Bfibrillation\b \K/-"leIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>fibrin</hw> \K/"fVIbrIn/, /"fI-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiochem\i an insoluble protein formed during blood-clotting from fibrinogen. \Bfibrinoid\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xfibre\x\j + \J\X-in\x\j\c
<hw>fibrinogen</hw> \K/fVI"brIn\F'\ndZ(\F'\n)n/, /fI-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiochem\i a soluble blood plasma protein which produces fibrin when acted upon by the enzyme thrombin.
<hw>fibro</hw> \K/"fVIbr\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b \BAustral.\b \IBuilding Archit\i\p\B1\b a mixture of asbestos and cement, used in sheets for building etc.\p\B2\b a house constructed mainly of this. \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation of \Ifibro-cement\i\c
<hw>fibroblast</hw> \K/"fVIbr\F'\n(U)blA:st/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnat.\i a cell producing collagen fibres in connective tissue.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Jan 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xfibro-\x\j + \J\X-blast\x\j\c
<hw>fibroid</hw> \K/"fVIbrOId/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IMed\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of or characterized by fibrous tissue.\p\B2\b resembling or containing fibres.\p\In.\i\pa benign tumour of muscular and fibrous tissues, one or more of which may develop in the wall of the womb.
<hw>fibroin</hw> \K/"fVIbr\F'\nUIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i a protein which is the chief constituent of silk. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xfibro-\x\j + \J\X-in\x\j\c
<hw>fibroma</hw> \K/fVI"br\F'\nUm\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bfibromas\b or \Bfibromata\b \K/-m\F'\nt\F'\n/\k) \IMed\i a fibrous tumour. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin, from Latin \Ifibra\i 'fibre' + \J\X-oma\x\j\c
<hw>fibrosis</hw> \K/fVI"br\F'\nUsIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed.\i a thickening and scarring of connective tissue, usu. as a result of injury. \Bfibrotic\b \K/-"brQtIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin, from Latin \Ifibra\i 'fibre' + \J\X-osis\x\j\c
<hw>fibrositis</hw> \K/fVIbr\F'\n"sVItIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i inflammation of fibrous connective tissue, usu. rheumatic and painful. \Bfibrositic\b \K/-"sItIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin, from Latin \Ifibrosus\i 'fibrous' + \J\X-itis\x\j\c
<hw>fibrous</hw> \K/"fVIbr\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i consisting of or like fibres. \Bfibrously\b \Iadv.\i \Bfibrousness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>fibula</hw> \K/"fIbjUl\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bfibulae\b \K/-li:/\k or \Bfibulas)\b\p\B1\b \IAnat.\i the smaller and outer of the two bones between the knee and the ankle in terrestrial vertebrates.\p\B2\b \IAntiq.\i a brooch or clasp. \Bfibular\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, perhaps related to \Ifigere\i 'fix'\c
<hw>-fic</hw> \K/fIk/\k \Isuffix\i (usu. as \B-ific)\b forming adjectives meaning 'producing', 'making' \3(prolific;\c \2pacific).\c \B-fically\b \Isuffix\i forming adverbs. \BEtymology:\b \3from or suggested by French \I-fique\i or Latin \I-ficus\i from \Ifacere\i 'do, make'\c
<hw>-fication</hw> \K/fI"keIS(\F'\n)n/\k \Isuffix\i (usu. as \B-ification)\b forming nouns of action from verbs in \I-fy\i \3(acidification;\c \2purification;\c \2simplification).\c \BEtymology:\b \3from or suggested by French \I-fication\i or Latin \I-ficatio -onis\i from -\Ificare:\i see \J\X-fy\x\j\c
<hw>fiche</hw> \K/fi:S/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i same or \Bfiches)\b a microfiche. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = slip of paper\c
<hw>fichu</hw> \K/"fi:Su:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IClothing\i a woman's small triangular shawl of lace etc. for the shoulders and neck. \BEtymology:\b \3French\c
<hw>fickle</hw> \K/"fIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i inconstant, changeable, esp. in loyalty. \Bfickleness\b\p\In.\i\p\Bfickly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ificol:\i related to \Ibefician\i 'deceive', \Ifµcne\i 'deceitful'\c
<hw>fictile</hw> \K/"fIktVIl/, /-tIl/\k \Iadj.\i \IPottery\i\p\B1\b made of earth or clay by a potter.\p\B2\b of pottery. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ifictilis\i from \Ifingere fict-\i 'fashion'\c
<hw>fiction</hw> \K/"fIkS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an invented idea or statement or narrative; an imaginary thing.\p\B2\b \ILiterature\i literature, esp. novels, describing imaginary events and people; the genre comprising novels and stories.\p\B3\b a conventionally accepted falsehood \3(legal fiction;\c \2polite fiction).\c\p\B4\b the act or process of inventing imaginary things. \Bfictional\b \Iadj.\i \Bfictionality\b \K/-"nalIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bfictionalize\b \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise).\b \Bfictionalization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bfictionally\b \Iadv.\i \Bfictionist\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Ifictio -onis\i (as \J\Xfictile\x)\j\c
<hw>fictitious</hw> \K/fIk"tIS\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b imaginary, unreal.\p\B2\b counterfeit; not genuine.\p\B3\b (of a name or character) assumed.\p\B4\b of or in novels.\p\B5\b regarded as or called such by a legal or conventional fiction \3(his fictitious son).\c \Bfictitiously\b \Iadv.\i \Bfictitiousness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ificticius\i (as \J\Xfictile\x)\j\c
<hw>fictive</hw> \K/"fIktIv/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b creating or created by imagination.\p\B2\b not genuine. \Kfictively omitted Nov 93\k\Bfictiveness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Ifictif -ive\i or medieval Latin \Ifictivus\i (as \J\Xfictile\x)\j\c
<hw>ficus</hw> \K/"fi:k\F'\ns/, /"fVIk\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a tree or shrub of the large genus \IFicus\i (mulberry family), including the fig and the rubber plant.\Knew f.NSOED, Coll. Jan 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = fig, fig tree\c
<hw>fid</hw> \K/fId/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b a small thick piece or wedge or heap of anything.\p\B2\b \INaut.\i \Ba\b a square wooden or iron bar to support the topmast. \Bb\b a conical wooden pin used in splicing. \BEtymology:\b \317th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>Fid. Def.</hw> \Iabbr.\i \BBrit.\b \IRelig\i Defender of the Faith. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \IFidei Defensor\i\c
<hw>fiddle</hw> \K/"fId(\F'\n)l/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMus\i \Icolloq.\i or \Iderog.\i a stringed instrument played with a bow, esp. a violin.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i an instance of cheating or fraud.\p\B3\b a fiddly task.\Ksense new f. POD8 Nov 93\k\p\B4\b \INaut.\i a contrivance for stopping things from rolling or sliding off a table in bad weather.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \Ba\b \I(often foll. by \Bwith,\b \Bat)\b\i play restlessly. \Bb\b \I(often foll. by \Babout)\b\i move aimlessly. \Bc\b act idly or frivolously. \Bd\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bwith)\b\i make minor adjustments; tinker (esp. in an attempt to make improvements).\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \BBrit.\b \Islang\i \Ba\b cheat, swindle. \Bb\b falsify. \Bc\b get by cheating.\p\B3\b \IMus\i \Ba\b \Iintr.\i play the fiddle. \Bb\b \Itr.\i play (a tune etc.) on the fiddle.\p\1as fit as a fiddle\c in very good health.\p\1face as long as a fiddle\c a dismal face.\p\1on the fiddle\c engaged in cheating or swindling.\Knew f. SOED Nov 93\k\p\1play second (or first) fiddle\c take a subordinate (or leading) role. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ifithele\i via Germanic from a Romanic root related to \J\Xviol\x,\j ultimately from Latin \Ivitulari\i 'celebrate a festival, be joyful'\c
<hw>fiddle-back</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IFurniture\i a fiddle-shaped back of a chair or front of a chasuble.
<hw>fiddle-faddle</hw> \K/"fId(\F'\n)lfad(\F'\n)l/\k \In., v., int., & adj.\i\p\In.\i\ptrivial matters. \Iv.intr.\i fuss, trifle. \Iint.\i nonsense! \Iadj.\i (of a person or thing) petty, fussy. \BEtymology:\b \3reduplication of \J\Xfiddle\x\j\c
<hw>fiddle-head</hw>\p\In.\i\p\INaut\i a scroll-like carving at a ship's bows.
<hw>fiddle pattern</hw>\p\In.\i\pthe pattern of spoons and forks with fiddle-shaped handles.
<hw>fiddler</hw> \K/"fIdl\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMus\i a fiddle-player.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b \Islang\i a swindler, a cheat.\p\B3\b \IZool\i any small crab of the genus \IUca,\i the male having one of its claws held in a position like a violinist's arm. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ifithelere\i (as \J\Xfiddle\x)\j\c
<hw>fiddlestick</hw> \K/"fId(\F'\n)lstIk/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \I(in \Bpl.;\b\i \Ias \Bint.)\b\i nonsense!\p\B2\b \IMus\i \Icolloq.\i a bow for a fiddle.
<hw>fiddly</hw> \K/"fIdli/\k \Iadj.\i \B(fiddlier,\b \Bfiddliest)\b \BBrit.\b intricate, awkward, or tiresome to do or use.
<hw>fideism</hw> \K/"fVIdIIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhilos\i the doctrine that all or some knowledge depends on faith or revelation. \Bfideist\b\p\In.\i\p\Bfideistic\b \K/-"IstIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ifides\i 'faith' + \J\X-ism\x\j\c
<hw>fidelity</hw> \K/fI"dElIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i faithfulness, loyalty.\p\B2\b strict conformity to truth or fact.\p\B3\b exact correspondence to the original.\p\B4\b \IElectronics\i precision in reproduction of sound \3(high fidelity).\c \BEtymology:\b \3French \IfidΘlitΘ\i or Latin \Ifidelitas\i (as \J\Xfealty\x)\j\c
<hw>fidelity insurance</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i insurance taken out by an employer against losses incurred through an employee's dishonesty etc.
<hw>fidget</hw> \K/"fIdZIt/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B(fidgeted,\b \Bfidgeting)\b\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i move or act restlessly or nervously, usu. while maintaining basically the same posture.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i be uneasy, worry.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i make (a person) uneasy or uncomfortable.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person who fidgets.\p\B2\b \I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i \Ba\b bodily uneasiness seeking relief in spasmodic movements; such movements. \Bb\b a restless mood. \Bfidgety\b \Iadj.\i \Bfidgetiness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3obsolete or dialect \Ifidge\i 'to twitch'\c
<hw>Fido</hw> \K/"fVId\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAeron\i a device enabling aircraft to land by dispersing fog by means of petrol-burners on the ground. \BEtymology:\b \3acronym from \IF\iog \II\intensive \ID\iispersal \IO\iperation\c
<hw>fiducial</hw> \K/fI"dju:S(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \ISurveying,\i \IAstron., etc.\i (of a line, point, etc.) assumed as a fixed basis of comparison. \BEtymology:\b \3Late Latin \Ifiducialis\i via \Ifiducia\i 'trust' from \Ifidere\i 'to trust'\c
<hw>fiduciary</hw> \K/fI"dju:S(\F'\n)ri/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b of a trust, trustee, or trusteeship. \Bb\b held or given in trust.\p\B2\b \IEcon\i (of a paper currency) depending for its value on public confidence or securities.\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b a trustee. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ifiduciarius\i (as \J\Xfiducial\x)\j\c
\B\Ifidus Achates\b\i \K/fVId\F'\ns \F'\n"keIti:z/\k\p\In.\i\pa faithful friend; a devoted follower. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = faithful Achates (a companion of Aeneas in Virgil's \IAeneid)\i\c
<hw>fie</hw> \K/fVI/\k \Iint.\i \Iarchaic\i\Karchaic label new f. SOED Nov 93\k expressing disgust, shame, or a pretence of outraged propriety. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Ifi\i an exclamation of disgust at a stench\c
<hw>fief</hw> \K/fi:f/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IAgriculture\i a piece of land held under the feudal system or in fee.\p\B2\b a person's sphere of operation or control. \BEtymology:\b \3French (as \J\Xfee\x)\j\c
<hw>fiefdom</hw> \K/"fi:fd\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAgriculture\i a fief.
<hw>field</hw> \K/fi:ld/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IAgriculture\i an area of open land, esp. one used for pasture or crops, often bounded by hedges, fences, etc.\p\B2\b \IMineral\i an area rich in some natural product \3(gas field;\c \2diamond field).\c\p\B3\b a piece of land for a specified purpose, esp. an area marked out for games \3(football field).\c\p\B4\b \ISport\i \Ba\b the participants in a contest or sport. \Bb\b all the competitors in a race or all except those specified.\p\B5\b \ICricket\i \Ba\b the side fielding. \Bb\b a fielder.\p\B6\b an expanse of ice, snow, sea, sky, etc.\p\B7\b \IMil\i \Ba\b the ground on which a battle is fought; a battlefield \3(left his rival in possession of the field).\c \Bb\b the scene of a campaign. \Bc\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i (of artillery etc.) light and mobile for use on campaign. \Bd\b \Iarchaic\i a battle.\p\B8\b an area of operation or activity; a subject of study \3(each supreme in his own field).\c\p\B9\b \IPhysics\i \Ba\b the region in which a force is effective \3(gravitational field;\c \2magnetic field).\c \Bb\b the force exerted in such an area.\p\B10\b a range of perception \3(field of view;\c \2wide field of vision;\c \2filled the field of the telescope).\c\p\B11\b \IMath.\i a system subject to two operations analogous to those for the multiplication and addition of real numbers.\p\B12\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i \Ba\b \IBiol\i (of an animal or plant) found in the countryside, wild \3(field mouse).\c \Bb\b carried out or working in the natural environment, not in a laboratory etc. \3(field test).\c\p\B13\b \Ba\b the background of a picture, coin, flag, etc. \Bb\b \IHeraldry\i the surface of an escutcheon or of one of its divisions.\p\B14\b \IComputing\i a part of a record, representing an item of data.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \ICricket,\i \IBaseball\i etc. \Ba\b \Iintr.\i act as a fielder. \Bb\b \Itr.\i stop (and return) (the ball).\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b \ISport\i select (a team or individual) to play in a game. \Bb\b deploy (an army). \Bc\b propose (a candidate).\Ksenses b and c new f. SOED Nov 93\k\p\B3\b \Itr.\i deal with (a succession of questions etc.).\p\1hold the field\c \BBrit.\b not be superseded.\p\1in the field\c\p\B1\b campaigning.\p\B2\b working etc. away from one's laboratory, headquarters, etc.\p\1keep the field\c \BBrit.\b continue a campaign.\p\1play the field\c \Icolloq.\i avoid exclusive attachment to one person or activity etc.\p\1take the field\c\p\B1\b begin a campaign.\p\B2\b \ISport\i (of a sports team) go on to a pitch to begin a game. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ifeld,\i from West Germanic\c
<hw>field-book</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ISurveying\i a book used in the field by a surveyor for technical notes.
<hw>field-cornet</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BS.Afr.\b \Ihist.\i a minor magistrate.
<hw>field day</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b wide scope for action or success; a time occupied with exciting events \3(when crowds form, pickpockets have a field day).\c\p\B2\b \IMil.\i an exercise, esp. in manoeuvring; a review.\p\B3\b a day spent in exploration, scientific investigation, etc., in the natural environment.
<hw>field-effect transistor</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IElectronics\i a semiconductor device with current flowing through a channel controlled by a transverse electric field.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Jan 94\k
<hw>fielder</hw> \K/"fi:ld\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICricket,\i \IBaseball, etc.\i a member (other than the bowler or pitcher) of the side that is fielding.
<hw>field events</hw> \In.pl.\i \IAthletics\i athletic sports other than races (e.g. shot-putting, jumping, discus-throwing).
<hw>fieldfare</hw> \K/"fi:ldfE:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a thrush, Turdus pilaris, having grey plumage with a speckled breast. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English \Ifeldefare,\i perhaps as \J\Xfield\x\j + \J\Xfare\x\j\c
<hw>field glasses</hw> \In.pl.\i binoculars for outdoor use.
<hw>field goal</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IAmer. Football\i a goal scored by a drop kick or place kick from the field.\p\B2\b \IBasketball\i a goal scored when the ball is in normal play.
<hw>field hospital</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i a temporary hospital near a battlefield.
<hw>field marshal</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i (in the British army) an officer of the highest rank.
<hw>field mouse</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a Eurasian mouse, Apodemus sylvaticus, with large eyes and ears and a long tail. \IAlso called\i \Iwood mouse.\i
<hw>field mushroom</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBiol\i the common edible mushroom, Agaricus campestris.
<hw>fieldstone</hw> \K/"fi:ldst\F'\nUn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeol\i stone used in its natural form.
<hw>field telegraph</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i a movable telegraph for use on campaign.
<hw>fieldwork</hw> \K/"fi:ldw\F'\n:k/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ISurveying Sociol Sci\i the practical work of a surveyor, collector of scientific data, sociologist, etc., conducted in the natural environment rather than a laboratory, office, etc.\p\B2\b \IMil\i a temporary fortification. \Bfieldworker\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>fiend</hw> \K/fi:nd/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b an evil spirit, a demon. \Bb\b \I(prec. by \Bthe)\b\i the Devil.\p\B2\b \Ba\b a very wicked or cruel person. \Bb\b a person causing mischief or annoyance.\p\B3\b \I(with a qualifying word)\i \Icolloq.\i a devotee or addict \3(a fitness fiend).\c\p\B4\b something difficult or unpleasant. \Bfiendlike\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ifeond,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>fiendish</hw> \K/"fi:ndIS/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b like a fiend; extremely cruel or unpleasant.\p\B2\b extremely difficult. \Bfiendishly\b \Iadv.\i \Bfiendishness\b\p\In.\i\p\Knew as hwd Jun 94\k
<hw>fierce</hw> \K/fI\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i \B(fiercer,\b \Bfiercest)\b\p\B1\b vehemently aggressive or frightening in temper or action, violent.\p\B2\b eager, intense, ardent.\p\B3\b unpleasantly strong or intense; uncontrolled \3(fierce heat).\c\p\B4\b \IMech\i (of a mechanism) not smooth or easy in action. \Bfiercely\b \Iadv.\i \Bfierceness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Anglo-French \Ifers,\i Old French \Ifiers fier\i 'proud' from Latin \Iferus\i 'savage'\c
<hw>fieri facias</hw> \K/%fVI\F'\nrVI "feISIas/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i a writ to a sheriff for executing a judgement. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = cause to be made or done\c
<hw>fiery</hw> \K/"fVI\F'\nri/\k \Iadj.\i \B(fierier,\b \Bfieriest)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b consisting of or flaming with fire. \Bb\b (of an arrow etc.) fire-bearing.\p\B2\b like fire in appearance, bright red.\p\B3\b \Ba\b hot as fire. \Bb\b acting like fire; producing a burning sensation.\p\B4\b \Ba\b flashing, ardent \3(fiery eyes).\c \Bb\b eager, pugnacious, spirited, irritable \3(fiery temper).\c \Bc\b (of a horse) mettlesome.\p\B5\b (of gas, a mine, etc.) inflammable; liable to explosions.\p\B6\b \ICricket\i (of a pitch) making the ball rise dangerously. \Bfierily\b \Iadv.\i \Bfieriness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>fiery cross</hw>\p\In.\i\pa wooden cross charred or set on fire as a symbol.
<hw>fiesta</hw> \K/fI"Est\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a holiday or festivity.\p\B2\b \IRelig\i a religious festival in Spanish-speaking countries. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish, = feast\c
<hw>FIFA</hw> \K/"fi:f\F'\n/\k \Iabbr.\i \IFootball\i International Football Federation. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IFΘdΘration Internationale de Football Association\i\c
<hw>fi. fa.</hw> \Iabbr.\i \ILaw\i fieri facias.
<hw>fife</hw> \K/fVIf/\k \In. & v.\i \IMus\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a kind of small shrill flute used with the drum in military music.\p\B2\b its player.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i play the fife.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i play (an air etc.) on the fife. \Bfifer\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3German \IPfeife\i \J\Xpipe\x,\j or French \Ififre\i from Swiss German \IPfifre\i 'piper'\c
<hw>fife-rail</hw> \K/"fVIfreIl/\k\p\In.\i\p\INaut.\i a rail round the mainmast with belaying-pins. \BEtymology:\b \318th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>fifteen</hw> \K/fIf"ti:n/, /"fIfti:n/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b one more than fourteen, or five more than ten; the product of three units and five units.\p\B2\b a symbol for this (15, xv, XV).\p\B3\b a size etc. denoted by fifteen.\p\B4\b \ISport\i a team of fifteen players, esp. in rugby.\p\B5\b \B(the Fifteen)\b \IPolit\i \Ihist.\i the Jacobite rebellion of 1715.\p\B6\b \B(15)\b \BBrit.\b \ICinematog\i (of films) classified as suitable for persons of 15 years and over. \Iadj.\i that amount to fifteen. \Bfifteenth\b \Iadj. & n.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ififtene\i (as \J\Xfive\x,\j \J\X-teen\x)\j\c
<hw>fifth</hw> \K/fIfT/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the position in a sequence corresponding to that of the number 5 in the sequence 1-5.\p\B2\b something occupying this position.\p\B3\b the fifth person etc. in a race or competition.\p\B4\b any of five equal parts of a thing.\p\B5\b \IMus.\i \Ba\b an interval or chord spanning five consecutive notes in the diatonic scale (e.g. C to G). \Bb\b a note separated from another by this interval.\p\B6\b \BUS\b \IDrink\i \Icolloq.\i \Ba\b a fifth of a gallon of liquor. \Bb\b a bottle containing this. \Iadj.\i that is the fifth.\p\1take the fifth\c \ILaw\i (in the US) exercise the right guaranteed by the Fifth Amendment to the Constitution of refusing to answer questions in order to avoid incriminating oneself. \Bfifthly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3earlier and dialect \Ifift\i from Old English \Ififta,\i from Germanic, assimilated to \J\Xfourth\x\j\c
<hw>fifth column</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i a group working for an enemy within a country at war etc. (from General Mola's reference to such support in besieged Madrid in 1936). \Bfifth columnist\b\p\In.\i\p\Kcolumnist subsumed in COD9 Aug 92\k
<hw>fifth-generation</hw> \Iadj.\i \IComputing\i denoting a proposed new class of computer employing artificial intelligence.\Knew f. SOED Nov 93\k
<hw>Fifth Monarchy</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBibl\i the last of the five great kingdoms predicted in Daniel 2:44.
<hw>Fifth-monarchy-man</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Ihist.\i a 17th-c. zealot expecting the immediate second coming of Christ and repudiating all other government.
<hw>fifth wheel</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ITransport\i an extra wheel of a coach.\p\B2\b a superfluous person or thing.\p\B3\b \ITransport\i a horizontal turntable over the front axle of a carriage as an extra support to prevent its tipping.
<hw>fifty</hw> \K/"fIfti/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b the product of five and ten.\p\B2\b a symbol for this (50, l, L).\p\B3\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i the numbers from 50 to 59, esp. the years of a century or of a person's life.\p\B4\b a set of fifty persons or things.\p\B5\b a large indefinite number \3(have fifty things to tell you).\c \Iadj.\i that amount to fifty.\p\1fifty-first, -second, etc.\c the ordinal numbers between fiftieth and sixtieth.\p\1fifty-one, -two, etc.\c the cardinal numbers between fifty and sixty. \Bfiftieth\b \Iadj. & n.\i \Bfiftyfold\b \Iadj. & adv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ififtig\i (as \J\Xfive\x,\j \J\X-ty\x (2))\j\c
<hw>fifty-fifty</hw> \Iadj. & adv.\i \Iadj.\i equal, with equal shares or chances \3(on a fifty-fifty basis).\c \Iadv.\i equally, half-and-half \3(go fifty-fifty).\c
<hw>fig (1)</hw> \K/fIg/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b a soft pear-shaped fruit with many seeds, eaten fresh or dried.\p\B2\b (in full \Bfig tree)\b any deciduous tree or shrub of the genus \IFicus,\i esp. F. carica, which has broad leaves and bears figs.\p\1not care (or give) a fig\c not care at all.\Kidm new f. POD8 and sense valueless thing omitted Nov 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ifigue\i from Provenτal \Ifig(u)a,\i ultimately from Latin \Ificus\i\c
<hw>fig (2)</hw> \K/fIg/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b dress or equipment \3(in full fig).\c\p\B2\b condition or form \3(in good fig).\c \Iv.tr.\i \B(figged,\b \Bfigging)\b\p\B1\b \I(foll. by \Bout)\b\i dress up (a person).\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bout,\b \Bup)\b\i \IRiding\i make (a horse) lively. \BEtymology:\b \3variant of obsolete verb \Ifeague\i from German \Ifegen:\i see \J\Xfake\x (1)\j\c
<hw>fig.</hw> \Iabbr.\i figure.
<hw>fight</hw> \K/fVIt/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\I(past\i and \Ipast part.\i \Bfought\b \K/fO:t/\k)\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bagainst,\b \Bwith)\b\i contend or struggle in war, battle, single combat, etc.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i contend with (an opponent) in this way.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i take part or engage in (a battle, war, duel, etc.).\p\B4\b \Itr.\i contend about (an issue, an election); maintain (a lawsuit, cause, etc.) against an opponent.\p\B5\b \Iintr.\i campaign or strive determinedly to achieve something.\p\B6\b \Itr.\i strive to overcome (disease, fire, fear, etc.).\p\B7\b \Itr.\i make (one's way) by fighting.\p\B8\b \Itr.\i \ISport Cockfighting\i cause (cocks or dogs) to fight.\p\B9\b \Itr.\i \IMil\i handle (troops, a ship, etc.) in battle.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a combat, esp. unpremeditated, between two or more persons, animals, or parties. \Bb\b \IBoxing\i a boxing match. \Bc\b a battle.\p\B2\b a conflict or struggle; a vigorous effort in the face of difficulty.\p\B3\b power or inclination to fight \3(has no fight left;\c \2showed fight).\c\p\Bfight back\b\p\B1\b counter-attack.\p\B2\b suppress (one's feelings, tears, etc.).\p\Bfight down\b suppress (one's feelings, tears, etc.).\p\Bfight for\b\p\B1\b fight on behalf of.\p\B2\b fight to secure (a thing).\p\Bfight off\b repel with effort.\p\Bfight out\b (usu. \Bfight it out)\b settle (a dispute etc.) by fighting.\p\1fight shy of\c avoid; be unwilling to approach (a person, task, etc.).\p\1make a fight of it\c (or \Bput up a fight)\b offer resistance. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ifeohtan,\i \Ifeoht(e),\i from West Germanic\c
<hw>fightback</hw> \K/"fVItbak/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b an act of retaliation; a rally or recovery.\Knew f. SOED, corpus Nov 93\k
<hw>fighter</hw> \K/"fVIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person or animal that fights.\p\B2\b \IMil Aeron\i a fast military aircraft designed for attacking other aircraft.
<hw>fighter-bomber</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMil Aeron\i an aircraft serving as both fighter and bomber.
<hw>fighting chair</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BUS\b \IFishing\i a fixed chair on a boat for use when catching large fish.
<hw>fighting chance</hw>\p\In.\i\pan opportunity of succeeding by great effort.
<hw>fighting fish</hw>\p\In.\i\p(in full \BSiamese fighting fish)\b \IZool\i a freshwater fish, Betta splendens, native to Thailand, the males of which fight vigorously.
<hw>fighting fit</hw> \Iadj.\i fit enough to fight; at the peak of fitness.
<hw>fighting fund</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b money raised to support a campaign.
<hw>fighting-top</hw>\p\In.\i\p\INaut.\i a circular gun platform high on a warship's mast.
<hw>fighting words</hw> \In.pl.\i \Icolloq.\i words indicating a willingness to fight.
<hw>fig leaf</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBot.\i a leaf of a fig tree.\p\B2\b a device for concealing something, esp. the genitals (Gen. 3:7).
<hw>figment</hw> \K/"fIgm(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\pa thing invented or existing only in the imagination. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Ifigmentum,\i related to \Ifingere\i 'fashion'\c
\B\Ifigura\b\i \K/fI"gjU\F'\nr\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILiterary Criticism etc.\i a person or thing representing or symbolizing a fact etc.\Ksense 2 omitted as obscure JHM Hun 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from Latin, = \J\Xfigure\x\j\c
<hw>figural</hw> \K/"fIgjUr(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b figurative.\p\B2\b relating to figures or shapes.\p\B3\b \IMus.\i florid in style. \BEtymology:\b \3Old French \Ifigural\i or Late Latin \Ifiguralis\i from \Ifigura\i \J\Xfigure\x\j\c
\B\Ifigurant\b\i \K/"fIgjUr(\F'\n)nt/, French /figyrA~/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(fem.\i \B\Ifigurante\b\i \K/"fIgjUr(\F'\n)nt/, French /figyrA~t/\k) \IBallet\i a ballet dancer appearing only in a group. \BEtymology:\b \3French, pres. part. of \Ifigurer\i \J\Xfigure\x\j\c
<hw>figuration</hw> \K/fIg\F'\n"reIS(\F'\n)n/, /-gjU-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the act of formation. \Bb\b a mode of formation; a form. \Bc\b a shape or outline.\p\B2\b \Ba\b ornamentation by designs. \Bb\b \IMus.\i ornamental patterns of scales, arpeggios, etc., often derived from an earlier motif.\p\B3\b allegorical representation. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from French or from Latin \Ifiguratio\i (as \J\Xfigure\x)\j\c
<hw>figurative</hw> \K/"fIg(\F'\n)r\F'\ntIv/, /-gjU-/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b metaphorical, not literal. \Bb\b metaphorically so called.\p\B2\b characterized by or addicted to figures of speech.\p\B3\b of pictorial or sculptural representation.\p\B4\b emblematic, serving as a type. \Bfiguratively\b \Iadv.\i \Bfigurativeness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Late Latin \Ifigurativus\i (as \J\Xfigure\x)\j\c
<hw>figure</hw> \K/"fIg\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the external form or shape of a thing. \Bb\b bodily shape \3(has a well-developed figure).\c\p\B2\b \Ba\b a person as seen in outline but not identified \3(saw a figure leaning against the door).\c \Bb\b a person as contemplated mentally \3(a public figure).\c\p\B3\b appearance as giving a certain impression \3(cut a poor figure).\c\p\B4\b \Ba\b \IArt\i a representation of the human form in drawing, sculpture, etc. \Bb\b an image or likeness. \Bc\b an emblem or type.\p\B5\b \IGeom.\i a two-dimensional space enclosed by a line or lines, or a three-dimensional space enclosed by a surface or surfaces; any of the classes of these, e.g. the triangle, the sphere.\p\B6\b \IMath. etc.\i \Ba\b a numerical symbol, esp. any of the ten in Arabic notation. \Bb\b a number so expressed. \Bc\b an amount of money, a value \3(cannot put a figure on it).\c \Bd\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i arithmetical calculations.\p\B7\b a diagram or illustrative drawing.\p\B8\b a decorative pattern.\p\B9\b \Ba\b \IDancing\i a division of a set dance, an evolution. \Bb\b \ISkating\i (in skating) a prescribed pattern of movements from a stationary position.\p\B10\b \IMus.\i a short succession of notes producing a single impression, a brief melodic or rhythmic formula out of which longer passages are developed.\p\B11\b (in full \Bfigure of speech)\b \ILinguistics\i a recognized form of rhetorical expression giving variety, force, etc., esp. metaphor or hyperbole.\p\B12\b \IGram.\i a permitted deviation from the usual rules of construction, e.g. ellipsis.\p\B13\b \ILogic\i the form of a syllogism, classified according to the position of the middle term.\p\B14\b \IAstrol\i a horoscope.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i appear or be mentioned, esp. prominently.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i represent in a diagram or picture.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i imagine; picture mentally.\p\B4\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b embellish with a pattern \3(figured satin).\c \Bb\b \IMus.\i embellish with figures.\p\B5\b \Itr.\i mark with numbers \3(figured bass)\c or prices.\p\B6\b \Ba\b \Itr.\i calculate. \Bb\b \Iintr.\i do arithmetic.\p\B7\b \Itr.\i be a symbol of, represent typically.\p\B8\b \Besp. N. Amer.\b \Ba\b \Itr.\i understand, ascertain, consider. \Bb\b \Iintr.\i \Icolloq.\i be likely or understandable \3(that figures).\c\p\Bfigure on\b \BUS\b count on, expect.\p\Bfigure out\b\p\B1\b work out by arithmetic or logic.\p\B2\b estimate.\p\B3\b understand. \Bfigureless\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ifigure\i \I(n.),\i \Ifigurer\i \I(v.)\i from Latin \Ifigura,\i \Ifigurare,\i related to \Ifingere\i 'fashion'\c
<hw>figurehead</hw> \K/"fIg\F'\nhEd/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a nominal leader or head without real power.\p\B2\b \INaut\i a carving, usu. a bust or a full-length figure, at a ship's prow.
<hw>figure of eight</hw>\p\In.\i\p\I(usu. hyphenated when \Battrib.)\b\i\p\B1\b the shape of the number eight.\p\B2\b something that has this shape.\Knew f. corpus Nov 93\k
<hw>figure of fun</hw>\p\In.\i\pa ridiculous person.
<hw>figure of speech</hw> \Isee\i \J\Xfigure\x\p\In.\i\p11.\j
<hw>figure skating</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ISkating\i skating in prescribed patterns from a stationary position. \Bfigure skater\b\p\In.\i\p\Kskater subsumed in COD9 Aug 92\k
<hw>figurine</hw> \K/"fIg\F'\nri:n/, /-gjU-/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISculpture\i a statuette. \BEtymology:\b \3French from Italian \Ifigurina,\i diminutive of \Ifigura\i \J\Xfigure\x\j\c
<hw>figwort</hw> \K/"fIgw\F'\n:t/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i any plant of the genus \IScrophularia\i (family Scrophulariaceae), with dull purplish-brown flowers, once believed to be useful against scrofula.
<hw>Fijian</hw> \K/fi:"dZi:\F'\nn/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i of or relating to Fiji, its people, or language.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPeople\i a native or national of Fiji.\p\B2\b \ILanguage\i the Austronesian language of this people.\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED Mar 94\k
<hw>filagree</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xfiligree\x.\j
<hw>filament</hw> \K/"fIl\F'\nm(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a slender threadlike body or fibre (esp. in animal or vegetable structures).\p\B2\b \IElectr Electronics\i a conducting wire or thread with a high melting point in an electric bulb or thermionic valve, heated or made incandescent by an electric current.\p\B3\b \IBot.\i \IAnat\i the part of the stamen that supports the anther.\p\B4\b \Iarchaic\i (of air, light, etc.) a notional train of particles following each other. \Bfilamentary\b \K/-"mEnt(\F'\n)ri/\k \Iadj.\i \Bfilamented\b \Iadj.\i \Bfilamentous\b \K/-"mEnt\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ifilament\i or modern Latin \Ifilamentum\i via Late Latin \Ifilare\i 'spin' from Latin \Ifilum\i 'thread'\c
<hw>filaria</hw> \K/fI"lE:rI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bfilariae\b \K/-rIi:/\k) \IZool\i any threadlike parasitic nematode worm of the family Filariidae, introduced into the blood by certain biting flies and mosquitoes. \Bfilarial\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin, from Latin \Ifilum\i 'thread'\c
<hw>filariasis</hw> \K/fI%lE:rI"eIsIs/, /fIl\F'\n"rVI\F'\nsIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\Ipl.\i \Bfilariases\b \K/-rI"eIsi:z/, /-"rVI\F'\nsi:z/\k) \IMed\i a tropical disease caused by the presence of filarial worms esp. in the lymph vessels.
<hw>filature</hw> \K/"fIl\F'\ntS\F'\n/, /-tj\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITextiles\i an establishment for or the action of reeling silk from cocoons. \BEtymology:\b \3French from Italian \Ifilatura,\i from \Ifilare\i 'spin'\c
<hw>filbert</hw> \K/"fIlb\F'\nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b a cultivated hazel, esp. Corylus maxima, bearing longish edible nuts.\p\B2\b this nut.\p\B3\b (in full \Bfilbert brush)\b \IArt\i an oval brush used in oil painting.\Ksense 3 new f. NEWS Nov 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English \Iphilliberd\i etc. from Anglo-French \Iphilbert,\i dialect French \Inoix de filbert,\i a nut ripe about St Philibert's day (20 Aug.)\c
<hw>file (1)</hw> \K/fVIl/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a folder, box, etc., for holding loose papers, esp. arranged for reference.\p\B2\b a set of papers kept in this.\p\B3\b \IComputing\i a collection of (usu. related) data stored under one name.\p\B4\b \IJournalism\i a series of issues of a newspaper etc. in order.\p\B5\b a stiff pointed wire on which documents etc. are impaled for keeping. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b place (papers) in a file or among (esp. public) records.\p\B2\b submit (a petition for divorce, an application for a patent, etc.) to the appropriate authority.\p\B3\b (of a reporter) send (a story, information, etc.) to a newspaper.\p\Bfile away\b place in a file, or make a mental note of, for future reference.\Kf. away new f. corpus Nov 93\k\p\1on file\c in a file or filing system.\Knew f. SOED Nov 93\k \Bfiler\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Ifil\i from Latin \Ifilum\i 'thread'\c
<hw>file (2)</hw> \K/fVIl/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a line of persons or things one behind another.\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bof)\b\i \IMil.\i a small detachment of men (now usu. two).\p\B3\b \IChess\i a line of squares from player to player (cf. \J\Xrank\x (1)\p\In.\i\p6).\j \Iv.intr.\i walk in a file.\p\Bfile off\b (or \Baway)\b \IMil.\i go off by files. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ifile\i from Late Latin \Ifilare\i 'spin' or Latin \Ifilum\i 'thread'\c
<hw>file (3)</hw> \K/fVIl/\k \In. & v.\i \ICarpentry Building\i\p\In.\i\pa tool with a roughened surface or surfaces, usu. of steel, for smoothing or shaping wood, fingernails, etc. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b smooth or shape with a file.\p\B2\b elaborate or improve (a thing, esp. a literary work).\p\Bfile away\b remove (roughness etc.) with a file. \Bfiler\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ifil,\i from West Germanic\c
<hw>filefish</hw> \K/"fVIlfIS/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i usu. same) \IZool\i any fish of the family Balistidae, with a spiny dorsal fin and rough skin. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xfile\x (3),\j from their rough skin, suggesting the surface of a file\c
<hw>file server</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IComputing\i a device which controls access to one or more separately stored files.\Knew f. NEWS, SOED Nov 93\k
<hw>filet</hw> \K/"fi:leI/, /"fIlIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ITextiles\i a kind of net or lace with a square mesh.\p\B2\b \ICookery\i a fillet of meat. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = thread\c
<hw>filet mignon</hw> \K/%fi:leI "mi:njQ~/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i a small tender piece of beef from the end of the undercut. \BEtymology:\b \3French, literally 'dainty fillet'\c
<hw>filial</hw> \K/"fIlI\F'\nl/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of or due from a son or daughter.\p\B2\b \IBiol.\i \IGenealogy\i bearing the relation of offspring \I(cf.\i \J\XF\x (2) 4).\j \Bfilially\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ifilial\i or Late Latin \Ifilialis\i from \Ifilius\i 'son', \Ifilia\i 'daughter'\c
<hw>filiation</hw> \K/fIlI"eIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b being the child of one or two specified parents.\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Bfrom)\b\i descent or transmission.\p\B3\b the formation of offshoots.\p\B4\b \ISociol Linguistics\i a branch of a society or language.\p\B5\b \IGenealogy\i a genealogical relation or arrangement. \BEtymology:\b \3French via Late Latin \Ifiliatio -onis\i from Latin \Ifilius\i 'son'\c
<hw>filibuster</hw> \K/"fIlIbVst\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i \IPolit Law\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the obstruction of progress in a legislative assembly, esp. by prolonged speaking. \Bb\b \Besp. N. Amer.\b a person who engages in a filibuster.\p\B2\b \Iesp. hist.\i a person engaging in unauthorized warfare against a foreign state.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i act as a filibuster.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i act in this way against (a motion etc.).\Kfilibusterer omitted Nov 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3ultimately from Dutch \Ivrijbuiter\i \J\Xfreebooter\x,\j influenced by French \Iflibustier,\i Spanish \Ifilibustero\i\c
<hw>filigree</hw> \K/"fIlIgri:/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bfilagree\b \K/"fIl\F'\ngri:/\k)\p\B1\b ornamental work of fine (usu. gold or silver) wire formed into delicate tracery; fine metal openwork.\p\B2\b anything delicate resembling this. \Bfiligreed\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3earlier \Ifiligreen,\i \Ifiligrane\i via French \Ifiligrane\i from Italian \Ifiligrana,\i from Latin \Ifilum\i 'thread' + \Igranum\i 'seed'\c
<hw>filing</hw> \K/"fVIlIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i a particle rubbed off by a file.
<hw>filing cabinet</hw>\p\In.\i\pa case with drawers for storing documents.
<hw>Filipino</hw> \K/fIlI"pi:n\F'\nU/\k \In. & adj.\i \IPeople\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os;\b \Ifem.\i \BFilipina\b \K/-n\F'\n/\k) a native or national of the Philippines, a group of islands in the SW Pacific. \Iadj.\i of or relating to the Philippines or the Filipinos. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish, = Philippine\c
<hw>fill</hw> \K/fIl/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr. & intr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i make or become full.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i occupy completely; spread over or through; pervade.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \IDentistry\i block up (a cavity or hole in a tooth) with cement, amalgam, gold, etc.; drill and put a filling into (a decayed tooth).\p\B4\b \Itr.\i appoint a person to hold (a vacant post).\p\B5\b \Itr.\i hold (a position); discharge the duties of (an office).\p\B6\b \Itr.\i carry out or supply (an order, commission, etc.).\p\B7\b \Itr.\i occupy (vacant time).\p\B8\b \Iintr.\i \INaut\i (of a sail) be distended by wind.\p\B9\b \Itr.\i (usu. as \Bfilling\b \Iadj.)\i (esp. of food) satisfy, satiate.\p\B10\b \Itr.\i \IPoker etc.\i complete (a holding) by drawing the necessary cards.\p\B11\b \Itr.\i stock abundantly.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \I(prec. by possessive)\i as much as one wants or can bear \3(eat your fill).\c\p\B2\b enough to fill something \3(a fill of tobacco).\c\p\B3\b material used for filling.\Ksense generalized f. just earth Nov 93\k\p\1fill the bill\c be suitable or adequate.\p\Bfill in\b\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b add information to complete (a form, document, blank cheque, etc.).\p\B2\b \Ba\b complete (a drawing etc.) within an outline. \Bb\b fill (an outline) in this way.\p\B3\b fill (a hole etc.) completely.\p\B4\b \I(often foll. by \Bfor)\b\i act as a substitute.\p\B5\b occupy oneself during (time between other activities).\p\B6\b \Icolloq.\i inform (a person) more fully.\p\B7\b \BBrit.\b \Islang\i thrash, beat.\p\Bfill out\b\p\B1\b enlarge to the required size.\p\B2\b become enlarged or plump.\p\B3\b \BUS\b fill in (a document etc.).\p\Bfill up\b\p\B1\b make or become completely full.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b fill in (a document etc.).\p\B3\b fill the petrol tank of (a car etc.).\p\B4\b provide what is needed to occupy vacant parts or places or deal with deficiencies in.\p\B5\b do away with (a pond etc.) by filling. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ifyllan\i from Germanic, related to \J\Xfull\x (1)\j\c
\B\Ifille de joie\b\i \K/fi: d\F'\n "ZwA:/, French /fij d\F'\n Zwa/\k\p\In.\i\pa prostitute. \BEtymology:\b \3French, literally 'daughter of joy'\c
<hw>filler</hw> \K/"fIl\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b material or an object used to fill a cavity or increase bulk.\p\B2\b \IJournalism\i an item filling space in a newspaper etc.\p\B3\b a person or thing that fills.
<hw>filler cap</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ITransport\i a cap closing the pipe leading to the petrol tank of a motor vehicle.
<hw>fillet</hw> \K/"fIlIt/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ICookery\i \Ba\b a fleshy piece of meat from near the loins or the ribs. \Bb\b (in full \Bfillet steak)\b the undercut of a sirloin. \Bc\b a boned longitudinal section of a fish.\p\B2\b \Ba\b \IClothing\i a headband, ribbon, string, or narrow band, for binding the hair or worn round the head. \Bb\b a band or bandage.\p\B3\b \Ba\b a thin narrow strip of anything. \Bb\b a raised rim or ridge on any surface.\p\B4\b \IArchit.\i \Ba\b a narrow flat band separating two mouldings. \Bb\b a small band between the flutes of a column.\p\B5\b \ICarpentry\i an added triangular piece of wood to round off an interior angle.\p\B6\b \IBookbinding\i \Ba\b a plain line impressed on the cover of a book. \Bb\b a roller used to impress this.\p\B7\b \IHeraldry\i a horizontal division of a shield, a quarter of the depth of a chief. \Iv.tr.\i \B(filleted,\b \Bfilleting)\b\p\B1\b \ICookery\i \Ba\b remove bones from (fish). \Bb\b divide (fish or meat) into fillets.\p\B2\b bind or provide with a fillet or fillets.\p\B3\b encircle with an ornamental band. \Bfilleter\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ifilet\i from a Romanic diminutive of Latin \Ifilum\i 'thread'\c
<hw>filling</hw> \K/"fIlIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b material that fills or is used to fill, esp.: \Ba\b \IDentistry\i a piece of material used to fill a cavity in a tooth. \Bb\b the edible substance between the bread in a sandwich or between the pastry in a pie.\p\B2\b \BUS\b \ITextiles\i weft.
<hw>filling station</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ITransport\i an establishment selling petrol etc. to motorists.
<hw>fillip</hw> \K/"fIlIp/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a stimulus or incentive.\p\B2\b \Ba\b a sudden release of a finger or thumb when it has been bent and checked by a thumb or finger. \Bb\b a slight smart stroke given in this way.\p\Iv.\i\p\B(filliped,\b \Bfilliping)\b\p\B1\b \Itr.\i stimulate \3(fillip one's memory).\c\p\B2\b \Itr.\i strike slightly and smartly.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i propel (a coin, marble, etc.) with a fillip.\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i make a fillip. \BEtymology:\b \3imitative\c
<hw>fillis</hw> \K/"fIlIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IHort.\i loosely twisted string used for tying up plants etc. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ifilasse\i 'tow'\c
<hw>fillister</hw> \K/"fIlIst\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICarpentry\i a rabbet or rabbet plane for window sashes etc. \BEtymology:\b \319th c.: perhaps from French \Ifeuilleret\i\c
<hw>fill-up</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a thing that fills something up.\p\B2\b an act of filling up a petrol tank etc.\Ksense 2 new f. SOED Nov 93\k
<hw>filly</hw> \K/"fIli/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \IZool\i a young female horse, usu. before it is four years old.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i a girl or young woman. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, probably from Old Norse \Ifylja,\i from Germanic (as \J\Xfoal\x)\j\c
<hw>film</hw> \K/fIlm/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a thin coating or covering layer.\p\B2\b \IPhotog.\i a strip or sheet of plastic or other flexible base coated with light-sensitive emulsion for exposure in a camera, either as individual visual representations or as a sequence of images which form the illusion of movement when shown in rapid succession.\p\B3\b \ICinematog\i \Ba\b a representation of a story, episode, etc., on film or videotape, with the illusion of movement. \Bb\b a story represented in this way. \Bc\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i the cinema industry.\p\B4\b a slight veil or haze etc.\p\B5\b \IMed\i a dimness or abnormal opacity affecting the eyes.\p\B6\b a fine thread or filament.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \ICinematog\i \Ba\b \Itr.\i make a photographic or videotape film of (a scene, person, etc.). \Bb\b \Itr.\i \I(also \Babsol.)\b\i make a cinema or television film of (a book etc.). \Bc\b \Iintr.\i be (well or ill) suited for reproduction on film.\p\B2\b \Itr. & intr.\i cover or become covered with or as with a film. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ifilmen\i 'membrane' from West Germanic, related to \J\Xfell\x (5)\j\c
<hw>film clip</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICinematog.\i = \J\Xclip\x (2)\p\In.\i\p3.\j\Knew f. SOED Nov 93\k
<hw>film-goer</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICinematog.\i a person who frequents the cinema. \Bfilm-going\b\p\In.\i\p\K-going new f. corpus Nov 93\k
<hw>filmic</hw> \K/"fIlmIk/\k \Iadj.\i \ICinematog\i of or relating to films or cinematography.
<hw>film-maker</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICinematog\i a person who makes films. \Bfilm-making\b\p\In.\i\p\Knew f. corpus Nov 93\k
<hw>filmography</hw> \K/fIl"mQgr\F'\nfi/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \ICinematog\i a list of films by one director etc. or on one subject. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xfilm\x\j + \J\X-graphy\x\j after \Ibibliography\i\c
<hw>filmset</hw> \K/"fIlmsEt/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(-setting;\b \Ipast\i and \Ipast part.\i \B-set)\b \IPrinting\i set (material for printing) by filmsetting. \Bfilmsetter\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>filmsetting</hw> \K/"fIlmsEtIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPrinting\i typesetting using characters on photographic film.
<hw>film star</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICinematog.\i a celebrated actor or actress in films.
<hw>filmstrip</hw> \K/"fIlmstrIp/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICinematog.\i a series of transparencies in a strip for projection.
<hw>filmy</hw> \K/"fIlmi/\k \Iadj.\i \B(filmier,\b \Bfilmiest)\b\p\B1\b thin and translucent.\p\B2\b covered with or as with a film. \Bfilmily\b \Iadv.\i \Bfilminess\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>filo</hw> \K/"fi:l\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bphyllo)\b \I(usu. \Battrib.)\b\i \ICookery\i a kind of dough usually layered in thin leaves to make sweet and savoury pastries \3(filo dough;\c \2filo pastry;\c \2filo pie).\c\Knew f. NEWS, incomings Nov 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3modern Greek \Iphullo\i 'leaf'\c
<hw>Filofax</hw> \K/"fVIl\F'\n(U)faks/\k\p\In.\i\p\Ipropr.\i a portable loose-leaf filing system for personal or office use. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xfile\x (1)\j + \Ifacts,\i pl. of \J\Xfact\x\j\c
<hw>fils (1)</hw> \K/fIls/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICurrency\i a monetary unit of Iraq, Bahrain, Jordan, Kuwait, and Yemen.\Knew f. NEWS Nov 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3colloq. pronunciation of Arabic \Ifals,\i a small copper coin\c
\B\Ifils\b\i (2) \K/fi:s/, French /fis/\k\p\In.\i\p(added to a surname to distinguish a son from a father of the same name) the son, junior \I(cf.\i \J\XpΦre\x).\j \BEtymology:\b \3French, = son\c
<hw>filter</hw> \K/"fIlt\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a porous device for removing impurities or solid particles from a liquid or gas passed through it.\p\B2\b = \J\Xfilter tip\x.\j\p\B3\b \IOptics Photog\i a screen or attachment for absorbing or modifying light, X-rays, etc.\p\B4\b \IElectr\i a device for suppressing electrical or sound waves of frequencies not required.\p\B5\b \BBrit.\b \ITransport\i \Ba\b an arrangement for filtering traffic. \Bb\b a traffic light signalling this. \Iv.intr. & tr.\i\p\B1\b pass or cause to pass through a filter.\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bthrough,\b \Binto,\b etc.)\i make way gradually.\p\B3\b \I(foll. by \Bout)\b\i leak or cause to leak.\p\B4\b \BBrit.\b \ITransport\i allow (traffic) or (of traffic) be allowed to pass to the left or right at a junction while traffic going straight ahead is halted (esp. at traffic lights).\p\Bfilter out\b remove (impurities etc.) by means of a filter.\Kf. out new in COD9 f. WF Nov 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ifiltre\i from medieval Latin \Ifiltrum\i 'felt used as a filter', from West Germanic\c
<hw>filterable</hw> \K/"fIlt(\F'\n)r\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i (also \Bfiltrable\b \K/"fIltr\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k)\p\B1\b \IMed.\i (of a virus) able to pass through a filter that retains bacteria.\p\B2\b that can be filtered.
<hw>filter-bed</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i a tank or pond containing a layer of sand etc. for filtering large quantities of liquid.
<hw>filter-feeding</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool.\i feeding by filtering out plankton or nutrients suspended in water. \Bfilter-feeder\b\p\In.\i\p\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Jan 94\k
<hw>filter-paper</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i porous paper for filtering.
<hw>filter tip</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a filter attached to a cigarette for removing impurities from the inhaled smoke.\p\B2\b a cigarette with this. \Bfilter-tipped\b \Iadj.\i\Kfilter-tipped subsumed in COD9 Aug 92\k
<hw>filth</hw> \K/fIlT/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b repugnant or extreme dirt.\p\B2\b vileness, corruption, obscenity.\p\B3\b foul or obscene language.\p\B4\b \I(prec. by \Bthe)\b\i \BBrit.\b \ICriminol\i \Islang\i \Ioffens.\i the police. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ifylth\i (as \J\Xfoul\x,\j \J\X-th\x (2))\j\c
<hw>fimbriate</hw> \K/"fImbrIeIt/\k \Iadj.\i (also \Bfimbriated)\b\p\B1\b \IBot.\i & \IZool.\i fringed or bordered with hairs etc.\p\B2\b \IHeraldry\i having a narrow border. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ifimbriatus\i from \Ifimbriae\i 'fringe'\c
<hw>fin</hw> \K/fIn/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBiol\i a flattened appendage on various parts of the body of many aquatic vertebrates and some invertebrates, including fish and cetaceans, for propelling, steering, and balancing \3(dorsal fin;\c \2anal fin).\c\p\B2\b \IAeron Astronaut\i a small projecting surface or attachment on an aircraft, rocket, or motor car for ensuring aerodynamic stability.\p\B3\b \ISport\i an underwater swimmer's flipper.\p\B4\b \IAgriculture\i a sharp lateral projection on the share or coulter of a plough.\p\B5\b \IEngin\i a finlike projection on any device, for improving heat transfer etc.\p\Iv.\i\p\B(finned,\b \Bfinning)\b\p\B1\b \Itr.\i provide with fins.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i swim under water. \Bfinless\b \Iadj.\i \Bfinned\b \Iadj.\i \I(also in \Bcomb.).\b\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ifin(n)\i\c
<hw>final</hw> \K/"fVIn(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b situated at the end, coming last.\p\B2\b conclusive, decisive, unalterable, putting an end to doubt.\p\B3\b concerned with the purpose or end aimed at.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ISport\i the last or deciding heat or game in sports or in a competition \3(Cup Final).\c\p\B2\b \IJournalism\i the edition of a newspaper published latest in the day.\p\B3\b \Ba\b \I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i \BBrit.\b \IEducation\i the series of examinations at the end of a degree course. \Bb\b \BN. Amer.\b an examination at the end of a term.\Ksense 3b new f. F. Abate Nov 94\k\p\B4\b \IMus.\i the principal note in any mode. \Bfinally\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French or from Latin \Ifinalis\i from \Ifinis\i 'end'\c
<hw>final cause</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhilos.\i the end towards which a thing naturally develops or at which an action aims.
<hw>final clause</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IGram.\i a clause expressing purpose, introduced by \Iin order that,\i \Ilest,\i etc.
<hw>final drive</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMech\i the last part of the transmission system in a motor vehicle.
<hw>finale</hw> \K/fI"nA:li/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMus\i \Ba\b the last movement of an instrumental composition. \Bb\b a piece of music closing an act in an opera.\p\B2\b \ITheatr\i the close of a drama etc.\p\B3\b a conclusion. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian (as \J\Xfinal\x)\j\c
<hw>finalism</hw> \K/"fVIn(\F'\n)lIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhilos\i the doctrine that natural processes (e.g. evolution) are directed towards some goal. \Bfinalistic\b \K/-"lIstIk/\k \Iadj.\i
<hw>finalist</hw> \K/"fVIn(\F'\n)lIst/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISport etc.\i a competitor in the final of a competition etc.
<hw>finality</hw> \K/fVI"nalIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b the quality or fact of being final.\p\B2\b the belief that something is final.\p\B3\b a final act, state, or utterance.\p\B4\b \IPhilos\i the principle of final cause viewed as operative in the universe. \BEtymology:\b \3French \IfinalitΘ\i from Late Latin \Ifinalitas -tatis\i (as \J\Xfinal\x)\j\c
<hw>finalize</hw> \K/"fVIn(\F'\n)lVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b\p\B1\b put into final form.\p\B2\b complete; bring to an end.\p\B3\b approve the final form or details of. \Bfinalization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>final solution</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i the Nazi policy (1941-5) of exterminating European Jews. \BEtymology:\b \3translation of German \IEndl÷sung\i\c\Ketym new f. SOED Nov 93\k
<hw>finance</hw> \K/fVI"nans/, /fI-/; /"fVInans/\k \In. & v.\i \IEcon\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the management of (esp. public) money.\p\B2\b monetary support for an enterprise.\p\B3\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i the money resources of a state, company, or person. \Iv.tr.\i provide capital for (a person or enterprise). \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French, from \Ifiner\i 'settle a debt' from \Ifin\i 'end': see \J\Xfine\x (2)\j\c
<hw>finance company</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bfinance house)\b \ICommerce\i a company concerned mainly with providing money for hire purchase transactions.
<hw>financial year</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IHorol Econ\i a year as reckoned for taxing or accounting (e.g. the British tax year, reckoned from 6 April).
<hw>financier</hw> \In. & v.\i \IEcon\i\p\In.\i\p\K/fVI"nansI\F'\n/, /fI-/\k a person engaged in large-scale finance. \Iv.intr.\i \K/fVInan"sI\F'\n/, /fI-/\k \Iusu. derog.\i conduct financial operations. \BEtymology:\b \3French (as \J\Xfinance\x)\j\c
<hw>finch</hw> \K/fIn(t)S/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i any small seed-eating songbird esp. of the family Fringillidae, including crossbills, canaries, and chaffinches. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ifinc,\i from West Germanic\c
<hw>find</hw> \K/fVInd/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.tr.\i \I(past\i and \Ipast part.\i \Bfound\b \K/faUnd/\k)\p\B1\b \Ba\b discover by chance or effort \3(found a key).\c \Bb\b become aware of. \Bc\b \I\B(absol.)\b\i \IHunting\i discover game, esp. a fox.\p\B2\b \Ba\b get possession of by chance \3(found a treasure).\c \Bb\b obtain, receive \3(idea found acceptance).\c \Bc\b succeed in obtaining \3(cannot find the money;\c \2can't find time to read).\c \Bd\b summon up \3(found courage to protest).\c \Be\b \BBrit.\b \ICriminol\i \Islang\i steal.\p\B3\b \Ba\b seek out and provide \3(will find you a book).\c \Bb\b supply, furnish \3(each finds his own equipment).\c\p\B4\b ascertain by study or calculation or inquiry \3(could not find the answer).\c\p\B5\b \Ba\b perceive or experience \3(find no sense in it;\c \2find difficulty in breathing).\c \Bb\b \I(often in \Bpassive)\b\i recognize or discover to be present \3(the word is not found in Shakespeare).\c \Bc\b regard or discover from experience \3(finds England too cold;\c \2you'll find it pays;\c \2find it impossible to reply).\c\p\B6\b \ILaw\i (of a jury, judge, etc.) decide and declare \3(found him guilty;\c \2found that he had done it;\c \2found it murder).\c\p\B7\b reach by a natural or normal process \3(water finds its own level).\c\p\B8\b \Ba\b (of a letter) reach (a person). \Bb\b (of an address) be adequate to enable a letter etc. to reach (a person).\p\B9\b \Iarchaic\i reach the conscience of.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a discovery of treasure, minerals, etc. \Bb\b \IHunting\i the finding of a fox.\p\B2\b a thing or person discovered, esp. when of value.\p\1all found\c \BBrit.\b (of an employee's wages) with board and lodging provided free.\p\Bfind against\b \ILaw\i decide against (a person), judge to be guilty.\p\1find fault\c \Isee\i \J\Xfault\x.\j\p\1find favour\c prove acceptable.\p\1find one's feet\c\p\B1\b become able to walk.\p\B2\b develop one's independent ability.\p\Bfind for\b \ILaw\i decide in favour of (a person), judge to be innocent.\p\1find it in one's heart\c \I(esp. with \Bneg.;\b\i \Ifoll. by \Bto\b + infin.)\i prevail upon oneself, be willing.\p\1find oneself\c\p\B1\b discover that one is \3(woke to find myself in hospital;\c \2found herself agreeing).\c\p\B2\b discover one's vocation.\p\B3\b provide for one's own needs.\p\Bfind out\b\p\B1\b discover or detect (a wrongdoer etc.).\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Babout)\b\i get information \3(find out about holidays abroad).\c\p\B3\b discover \3(find out where we are).\c\p\B4\b \I(often foll. by \Babout)\b\i discover the truth, a fact, etc. \3(he never found out).\c\p\B5\b devise.\p\B6\b solve.\p\1find one's way\c\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i manage to reach a place.\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Binto)\b\i be brought or get. \Bfindable\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ifindan,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>finder</hw> \K/"fVInd\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person who finds.\p\B2\b \IAstron\i a small telescope attached to a large one to locate an object for observation.\p\B3\b \IPhotog\i the viewfinder of a camera.\p\1finders keepers\c \Icolloq.\i whoever finds a thing is entitled to keep it.
\B\Ifin de siΦcle\b\i \K/fa~ d\F'\n "sjEkl(\F'\n)/, French /fE~ d\F'\n sjEkl/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b characteristic of the end of the nineteenth century.\p\B2\b decadent.\p\In.\i\pthe end of a century, esp. the nineteenth century.\Knoun new f. SOED, incomings Nov 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3French, = end of century\c
<hw>finding</hw> \K/"fVIndIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \I(often in \Bpl.)\b\i a conclusion reached by an inquiry.\p\B2\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \BUS\b \ITools\i small parts or tools used by workmen.
<hw>find-spot</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IArchaeol.\i the place where an object is found.
<hw>fine (1)</hw> \K/fVIn/\k \Iadj., n., adv., & v.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of high quality \3(fine fabrics).\c\p\B2\b \Ba\b excellent; of notable merit \3(a fine painting).\c \Bb\b good, satisfactory \3(that will be fine).\c \Bc\b fortunate \3(has been a fine thing for him).\c \Bd\b well conceived or expressed \3(a fine saying).\c\p\B3\b \Ba\b pure, refined. \Bb\b \IMetallurgy\i (of gold or silver) containing a specified proportion of pure metal.\p\B4\b of handsome appearance or size; imposing, dignified \3(fine buildings;\c \2a person of fine presence).\c\p\B5\b in good health \3(I'm fine, thank you).\c\p\B6\b \IMeteorol\i (of weather etc.) bright and clear with sunshine; free from rain.\p\B7\b \Ba\b thin; sharp. \Bb\b in small particles. \Bc\b \INeedlework\i worked in slender thread. \Bd\b \IPrinting\i (esp. of print) small. \Be\b \ICalligraphy\i (of a pen) narrow-pointed.\p\B8\b \ICricket\i behind the wicket and near the line of flight of the ball.\p\B9\b tritely complimentary; euphemistic \3(say fine things about a person;\c \2call things by fine names).\c\p\B10\b ornate, showy, smart.\p\B11\b fastidious, dainty, pretending refinement; (of speech or writing) affectedly ornate.\p\B12\b \Ba\b capable of delicate perception or discrimination. \Bb\b perceptible only with difficulty \3(a fine distinction).\c\p\B13\b \Ba\b delicate, subtle, exquisitely fashioned. \Bb\b (of feelings) refined, elevated.\p\B14\b \IDrink\i (of wine or other goods) of a high standard; conforming to a specified grade.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMeteorol\i fine weather \3(in rain or fine).\c\p\B2\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i very small particles in mining, milling, etc. \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b finely.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i very well \3(suits me fine).\c\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bdown)\b\i \Ba\b \Itr.\i \IDrink\i make (beer or wine) clear. \Bb\b \Iintr.\i (of liquid) become clear.\p\B2\b \Itr. & intr.\i \I(often foll. by \Baway,\b \Bdown,\b \Boff)\b\i make or become finer, thinner, or less coarse; dwindle or taper, or cause to do so.\p\1cut (or run) it fine\c allow very little margin of time etc.\p\Bfine up\b \BAustral.\b \Icolloq.\i (of the weather) become fine.\p\1not to put too fine a point on it\c (as a parenthetic remark) to speak bluntly. \Bfinely\b \Iadv.\i \Bfineness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ifin,\i ultimately from Latin \Ifinire\i 'finish'\c
<hw>fine (2)</hw> \K/fVIn/\k \In. & v.\i \ILaw\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a sum of money exacted as a penalty.\p\B2\b \Ihist.\i a sum of money paid by an incoming tenant in return for the rent's being small. \Iv.tr.\i punish by a fine \3(fined him ú5).\c\p\1in fine\c to sum up; in short. \Bfinable\b \K/"fVIn\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ifin\i and medieval Latin \Ifinis\i 'sum paid on settling a lawsuit' from Latin \Ifinis\i 'end'\c
<hw>fine arts</hw> \In.pl.\i \IArt\i those appealing to the mind or to the sense of beauty, as poetry, music, and esp. painting, sculpture, and architecture.
\B\Ifine champagne\b\i \K/fi:n SQ~"pA:nj(\F'\n)/, French /fin SA~paJ/\k\p\In.\i\p\IDrink\i old liqueur brandy. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = fine (brandy from) Champagne (vineyards in Charente)\c
<hw>fine chemicals</hw> \In.pl.\i \IChem\i chemicals of high purity usu. used in small amounts.
<hw>fine-draw</hw> \Iv.tr.\i \INeedlework\i sew together (two pieces of cloth, edges of a tear, parts of a garment) so that the join is imperceptible.
<hw>Fine Gael</hw> \K/fi:n\F'\n "geIl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i one of the two major political parties of the Republic of Ireland.\Knew f. SOED, OEED Nov 93. Pronuncs differ - have used SOED's\k \BEtymology:\b \3Irish, literally 'tribe of Gaels'\c
<hw>fine-grained</hw> \Iadj.\i having a fine grain; consisting of small particles.\Knew f. SOED, corpus Nov 93\k
<hw>fine print</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ILaw Commerce\i detailed printed information, esp. in legal documents, instructions, etc.
<hw>finery (1)</hw> \K/"fVIn(\F'\n)ri/\k\p\In.\i\pshowy dress or decoration. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xfine\x (1)\j + \J\X-ery\x,\j on the pattern of \J\Xbravery\x\j\c
<hw>finery (2)</hw> \K/"fVIn\F'\nri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IMetallurgy\i \Ihist.\i a hearth where pig-iron was converted into wrought iron. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ifinerie\i from \Ifiner\i 'refine'\c
\B\Ifines herbes\b\i \K/fi:nz "E:b/, French /finz Erb/\k \In.pl.\i \ICookery\i mixed herbs used in cooking, esp. chopped as omelette-flavouring. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = fine herbs\c
<hw>fine-spun</hw> \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b delicate.\p\B2\b (of a theory etc.) too subtle, unpractical.
<hw>finesse</hw> \K/fI"nEs/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b refinement.\p\B2\b subtle or delicate manipulation.\p\B3\b artfulness, esp. in handling a difficulty tactfully.\p\B4\b \ICards\i an attempt to win a trick with a card that is not the highest held.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr. & tr.\i use or achieve by finesse.\p\B2\b \ICards\i \Ba\b \Iintr.\i make a finesse. \Bb\b \Itr.\i play (a card) by way of finesse.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i evade or trick by finesse. \BEtymology:\b \3French, related to \J\Xfine\x (1)\j\c
<hw>fine-tooth comb</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IHairdressing\i a comb with narrow close-set teeth.\p\1go over with a fine-tooth comb\c check or search thoroughly.
<hw>fine-tune</hw> \Iv.tr.\i \IMech\i make small adjustments to (a mechanism etc.) in order to obtain the best possible results. \Bfine tuning\b\p\In.\i\p\K-ing new f. SOED, corpus Oct 94\k
<hw>finger</hw> \K/"fINg\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IAnat\i any of the terminal projections of the hand (including or excluding the thumb).\p\B2\b \IClothing\i the part of a glove etc. intended to cover a finger.\p\B3\b \Ba\b a finger-like object \3(fish finger).\c \Bb\b a long narrow structure.\p\B4\b \IDrink\i \Icolloq.\i a measure of liquor in a glass, based on the breadth of a finger.\p\B5\b \ICriminol\i \Islang\i \Ba\b an informer. \Bb\b \BBrit.\b a pickpocket. \Bc\b \BBrit.\b a police officer. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b touch, feel, or turn about with the fingers.\p\B2\b \IMus.\i \Ba\b play (a passage) with fingers used in a particular way. \Bb\b mark (music) with signs showing which fingers are to be used. \Bc\b play upon (an instrument) with the fingers.\p\B3\b \BN. Amer.\b \ICriminol\i \Islang\i indicate (a victim, or a criminal to the police).\p\1all fingers and thumbs\c \BBrit.\b clumsy.\p\1get (or pull) one's finger out\c \BBrit.\b \Islang\i cease procrastinating and start to act.\p\1give a person the finger\c \Islang\i make a gesture with the middle finger raised as an obscene sign of contempt.\Knew f. NEWS Nov 93\k\p\1have a finger in the pie\c be (esp. officiously) concerned in the matter.\p\1lay a finger on\c touch however slightly.\p\1put one's finger on\c locate or identify exactly.\p\1put the finger on\c \ICriminol\i \Islang\i\p\B1\b inform against.\p\B2\b identify (an intended victim).\p\1twist (or wind) round (or \BUS\b around) one's finger\c (or \Blittle finger)\b persuade (a person) without difficulty, dominate (a person) completely.\p\1work one's fingers to the bone\c \Isee\i \J\Xbone\x.\j \Bfingered\b \Iadj.\i \I(also in \Bcomb.).\b\i \Bfingerless\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English from Germanic\c
<hw>finger alphabet</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ILinguistics\i a form of sign language using the fingers to spell out words.
<hw>fingerboard</hw> \K/"fINg\F'\nbO:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMus\i a flat strip on the neck of a stringed instrument, against which the strings are pressed to create different tones.
<hw>finger bowl</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bfinger glass)\b a small bowl for rinsing the fingers during a meal.
<hw>finger-dry</hw> \Iv.tr.\i \IHairdressing\i dry and style (the hair) by repeatedly running one's fingers through it.\Knew f. NEWS, POD8 Nov 93\k
<hw>fingering (1)</hw> \K/"fINg(\F'\n)rIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMus\i\p\B1\b a manner or technique of using the fingers, esp. to play an instrument.\p\B2\b an indication of this in a musical score.
<hw>fingering (2)</hw> \K/"fINg(\F'\n)rIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITextiles Knitting\i fine wool for knitting. \BEtymology:\b \3earlier \Ifingram,\i perhaps from French \Ifin grain,\i as \J\Xgrogram\x\j from \Igros grain\i\c
<hw>finger language</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ILinguistics\i language expressed by means of the finger alphabet.
<hw>fingerling</hw> \K/"fINg\F'\nlIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a parr.
<hw>fingermark</hw> \K/"fINg\F'\nmA:k/\k\p\In.\i\pa mark left on a surface by a finger.
<hw>fingernail</hw> \K/"fINg\F'\nneIl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnat\i the nail at the tip of each finger.
<hw>finger-paint</hw> \In. & v.\i \IArt\i\p\In.\i\ppaint that can be applied with the fingers. \Iv.intr.\i apply paint with the fingers.
<hw>fingerpick</hw> \K/"fINg\F'\npIk/\k \In. & v.\i \IMus\i\p\In.\i\pa plectrum worn on a finger. \Iv.intr. & tr.\i play (a guitar etc., music) using a fingerpick.\Knew f. SOED Nov 93\k
<hw>finger-plate</hw>\p\In.\i\pa plate fixed to a door above the handle to prevent fingermarks.
<hw>finger-post</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ITransport\i \BBrit.\b a signpost at a road junction.
<hw>fingerprint</hw> \K/"fINg\F'\nprInt/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ICriminol\i an impression made on a surface by the fingertips, esp. as used for identifying individuals.\p\B2\b a distinctive characteristic. \Iv.tr.\i record the fingerprints of (a person).
<hw>finger-stall</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a cover to protect a finger, esp. when injured.
<hw>fingertip</hw> \K/"fINg\F'\ntIp/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnat\i the tip of a finger.\p\1have at one's fingertips\c be thoroughly familiar with (a subject etc.).
<hw>finial</hw> \K/"fInI\F'\nl/, /"fVIn-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IArchit.\i\p\B1\b an ornament finishing off the apex of a roof, pediment, gable, tower-corner, canopy, etc.\p\B2\b the topmost part of a pinnacle. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ifin\i from Latin \Ifinis\i 'end'\c
<hw>finical</hw> \K/"fInIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i = \J\Xfinicky\x.\j \Bfinicality\b \K/-"kalIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bfinically\b \Iadv.\i \Bfinicalness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \316th c.: probably originally university slang from \J\Xfine\x (1)\j + \J\X-ical\x\j\c
<hw>finicky</hw> \K/"fInIki/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b over-particular, fastidious.\p\B2\b needing much attention to detail; fiddly. \Bfinickiness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>finis</hw> \K/"fi:nIs/, /"fInIs/, /"fVInIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPrinting\i (at the end of a book) the end.\p\B2\b the end of anything, esp. of life. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin\c
<hw>finish</hw> \K/"fInIS/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b \I(often foll. by \Boff)\b\i bring to an end; come to the end of; complete. \Bb\b \I(usu. foll. by \Boff)\b\i \Icolloq.\i kill; overcome completely. \Bc\b \I(often foll. by \Boff,\b \Bup)\b\i consume or get through the whole or the remainder of (food or drink) \3(finish up your dinner).\c\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \Ba\b come to an end, cease. \Bb\b reach the end, esp. of a race. \Bc\b = \Ifinish up.\i\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b \ITextiles Carpentry\i complete the manufacture of (cloth, woodwork, etc.) by surface treatment. \Bb\b put the final touches to; make perfect or highly accomplished \3(finished manners).\c \Bc\b prepare (a girl) for entry into fashionable society.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the end, the last stage. \Bb\b the point at which a race etc. ends. \Bc\b \IHunting\i the death of a fox in a hunt \3(be in at the finish).\c\p\B2\b \ITextiles Carpentry\i a method, material, or texture used for surface treatment of wood, cloth, etc. \3(mahogany finish).\c\p\B3\b what serves to give completeness.\p\B4\b an accomplished or completed state.\p\1fight to the finish\c fight till one party is completely beaten.\p\Bfinish off\b provide with an ending.\p\Bfinish up\b \I(often foll. by \Bin,\b \Bby)\b\i \Besp. Brit.\b end in something, end by doing something \3(he finished up last in the race;\c \2the plan finished up in the waste-paper basket;\c \2finished up by apologizing).\c\p\Bfinish with\b have no more to do with, complete one's use of or association with. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ifenir\i from Latin \Ifinire,\i from \Ifinis\i 'end'\c
<hw>finisher</hw> \K/"fInIS\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person who finishes something.\p\B2\b a worker or machine doing the last operation in manufacture.\p\B3\b \Icolloq.\i a discomfiting thing, a crushing blow, etc.
<hw>finishing school</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IEducation\i a private college where girls are prepared for entry into fashionable society.
<hw>finishing stroke</hw>\p\In.\i\pa \Icoup de grΓce;\i a final and fatal stroke.
<hw>finishing touch</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bfinishing touches\b \Ipl.)\i the final details completing and enhancing a piece of work etc.
<hw>finite</hw> \K/"fVInVIt/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b limited, bounded; not infinite.\p\B2\b \IGram.\i (of a part of a verb) having a specific number and person.\p\B3\b not infinitely small. \Bfinitely\b \Iadv.\i \Bfiniteness\b\p\In.\i\p\Bfinitude\b \K/"fInItju:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ifinitus,\i past part. of \Ifinire\i \J\Xfinish\x\j\c
<hw>finitism</hw> \K/"fVInVItIz(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhilos\i belief in the finiteness of the world, God, etc. \Bfinitist\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>fink</hw> \K/fINk/\k \In. & v.\i \BN. Amer.\b \Islang\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an unpleasant person.\p\B2\b \ICriminol\i an informer.\p\B3\b \IPolit\i a strike-breaker; a blackleg. \Iv.intr.\i\p\B1\b \I(foll. by \Bon)\b\i inform on.\p\B2\b \Ba\b \I(foll. by \Bout)\b\i back out of something. \Bb\b \I(foll. by \Bout on)\b\i back out of (a thing); let (a person) down.\K2 new from NEWS, SOED Nov 93\k \BEtymology:\b \320th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>Finlandization</hw> \K/fInl\F'\nndVI"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \B-isation)\b \IPol\i \Ihist.\i the economic policy of favouring (or at least not opposing) the interests of the former Soviet Union (as allegedly pursued by Finland from 1944). \BFinlandize\b \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise).\b\Knew from SOED, corpus Nov 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3translation of German \IFinnlandisierung\i\c
<hw>Finn</hw> \K/fIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPeople\i a native or national of Finland; a person of Finnish descent. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \IFinnas\i pl.\c
<hw>finnan</hw> \K/"fIn\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p(in full \Bfinnan haddock)\b \IFood\i a haddock cured with the smoke of green wood, turf, or peat. \BEtymology:\b \3\IFindhorn\i or \IFindon\i in Scotland\c
<hw>finnesko</hw> \K/"fIn\F'\nsk\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i same) \IClothing\i a boot of tanned reindeer skin with the hair on the outside. \BEtymology:\b \3Norwegian \Ifinn(e)sko\i (as \J\XFinn\x,\j \Isko\i \J\Xshoe\x)\j\c
<hw>Finnic</hw> \K/"fInIk/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IPeople\i of the group of peoples related to the Finns.\p\B2\b \ILanguage\i of the group of languages including Finnish and Estonian.
<hw>Finnish</hw> \K/"fInIS/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IPeople Language\i \Iadj.\i of the Finns or their language.\p\In.\i\pthe language of the Finns.
<hw>Finno-Ugric</hw> \K/fIn\F'\nU"u:grIk/, /-"ju:grIk/\k \Iadj. & n.\i (also \BFinno-Ugrian\b \K/-"u:grI\F'\nn/, /-"ju:grI\F'\nn/\k) \ILanguage\i \Iadj.\i belonging to the group of Ural-Altaic languages including Finnish, Estonian, Lapp, and Magyar.\p\In.\i\pthis group.
<hw>finny</hw> \K/"fIni/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b having fins; like a fin.\p\B2\b \Ipoet.\i of or teeming with fish.
<hw>fin whale</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a large rorqual, Balaenoptera physalus, with a prominent dorsal fin.
<hw>fiord</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xfjord\x.\j
<hw>fioritura</hw> \K/fI%O:rI"tU\F'\nr\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bfioriture\b \Ipronunc.\i same) \IMus.\i the usu. improvised decoration of a melody. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian, = flowering, from \Ifiorire\i 'to flower'\c
<hw>fipple</hw> \K/"fIp(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMus\i a plug at the mouth-end of a wind instrument. \BEtymology:\b \317th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>fipple flute</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMus.\i a flute played by blowing endwise, e.g. a recorder.
<hw>fir</hw> \K/f\F'\n:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b (in full \Bfir tree)\b any evergreen coniferous tree, esp. of the genus \IAbies,\i with needles borne singly on the stems \I(cf.\i \J\Xpine\x 1).\j\p\B2\b the wood of the fir. \Bfirry\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, probably from Old Norse \Ifyri-,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>fir cone</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IBot.\i the fruit of the fir.
<hw>fire</hw> \K/"fVI\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the state or process of combustion, in which substances combine chemically with oxygen from the air and usu. give out bright light and heat. \Bb\b the active principle operative in this. \Bc\b flame or incandescence.\p\B2\b a conflagration, a destructive burning \3(forest fire).\c\p\B3\b \Ba\b burning fuel in a grate, furnace, etc. \Bb\b \BBrit.\b = \J\Xelectric fire\x.\j \Bc\b = \J\Xgas fire\x.\j\p\B4\b \IMil Ballistics\i firing of guns.\p\B5\b \Ba\b fervour, spirit, vivacity. \Bb\b poetic inspiration, lively imagination. \Bc\b vehement emotion.\p\B6\b burning heat, fever.\p\B7\b luminosity, glow \3(St Elmo's fire).\c\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \I\Iesp.\i Mil Ballistics\i \Ba\b \Itr.\i discharge (a gun etc.). \Bb\b \Itr.\i propel (a missile) from a gun etc. \Bc\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bat,\b \Binto,\b \Bon)\b\i fire a gun or missile. \Bd\b \Itr.\i produce (a broadside, salute, etc.) by discharge of guns. \Be\b \Iintr.\i (of a gun etc.) be discharged.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i cause (explosive) to explode.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i deliver or utter in rapid succession \3(fired insults at us).\c\p\B4\b \Itr.\i \ICommerce\i \Islang\i dismiss (an employee) from a job.\p\B5\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b set fire to with the intention of destroying. \Bb\b kindle (explosives).\p\B6\b \Iintr.\i catch fire.\p\B7\b \Iintr.\i \IMech\i (of an internal-combustion engine, or a cylinder in one) undergo ignition of its fuel.\p\B8\b \Itr.\i supply (a furnace, engine, boiler, or power station) with fuel.\p\B9\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b stimulate (the imagination or an emotion). \Bb\b fill (a person) with enthusiasm.\p\B10\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b \IPottery\i bake or dry (pottery, bricks, etc.). \Bb\b cure (tea or tobacco) by artificial heat.\p\B11\b \Iintr.\i become heated or excited.\p\B12\b \Itr.\i cause to glow or redden.\p\1catch fire\c begin to burn.\p\1fire and brimstone\c \IRelig\i the supposed torments of hell.\p\Bfire away\b \Icolloq.\i begin; go ahead.\p\Bfire up\b\p\B1\b \Icolloq.\i \Ba\b stimulate, fill with enthusiasm, excite. \Bb\b start up (an engine etc.).\Kfire up 1 new f. corpus, Incs Sept 94\k\p\B2\b show sudden anger.\p\1go on fire\c \BSc.\b & \BIr.\b catch fire.\p\1go through fire and water\c face all perils.\p\1on fire\c\p\B1\b burning.\p\B2\b excited.\p\1set fire to\c (or \Bset on fire)\b ignite, kindle, cause to burn.\p\1set the world (or \BBrit.\b Thames) on fire\c do something remarkable or sensational.\p\1take fire\c catch fire.\p\1under fire\c \I(often prec. by \Bcome)\b\i\p\B1\b being shot at.\p\B2\b being rigorously criticized or questioned. \Bfireless\b \Iadj.\i \Bfirer\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ifyr,\i \Ifyrian,\i from West Germanic\c
<hw>fire alarm</hw>\p\In.\i\pa device for giving warning of fire.
<hw>firearm</hw> \K/"fVI\F'\nrA:m/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i \IMil. etc.\i a gun, esp. a pistol or rifle.
<hw>fireback</hw> \K/"fVI\F'\nbak/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the back wall of a fireplace. \Bb\b an iron sheet for this.\p\B2\b \IZool\i a SE Asian pheasant of the genus \ILophura.\i
<hw>fireball</hw> \K/"fVI\F'\nbO:l/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IAstron\i a large meteor.\p\B2\b a ball of flame, esp. from a nuclear explosion.\p\B3\b an energetic person.\p\B4\b \IMeteorol\i ball lightning.\p\B5\b \IMil.\i \Ihist.\i a ball filled with combustibles.
<hw>fire-balloon</hw>\p\In.\i\pa balloon made buoyant by the heat of a fire burning at its mouth.
<hw>fire blight</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a disease of plants, esp. hops and fruit trees, causing a scorched appearance.
<hw>firebomb</hw> \K/"fVI\F'\nbQm/\k \In. & v.\i \IMil\i\p\In.\i\pan incendiary bomb. \Iv.tr.\i attack or destroy with a firebomb.\Kv. new from SOED, corpus Nov 93\k
<hw>firebox</hw> \K/"fVI\F'\nbQks/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRailways\i the fuel-chamber of a steam engine or boiler.
<hw>firebrand</hw> \K/"fVI\F'\nbrand/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a piece of burning wood.\p\B2\b a cause of trouble, esp. a person causing unrest.
<hw>firebreak</hw> \K/"fVI\F'\nbreIk/\k\p\In.\i\pan obstacle to the spread of fire in a forest etc., esp. an open space.
<hw>firebrick</hw> \K/"fVI\F'\nbrIk/\k\p\In.\i\pa fireproof brick used in a grate.
<hw>fire brigade</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Besp. Brit.\b an organized body of firemen trained and employed to extinguish fires.
<hw>firebug</hw> \K/"fVI\F'\nbVg/\k\p\In.\i\p\Icolloq.\i a pyromaniac.
<hw>fireclay</hw> \K/"fVI\F'\nkleI/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPottery\i clay capable of withstanding high temperatures, often used to make firebricks.
<hw>fire company</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b = \J\Xfire brigade\x.\j\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b a fire-insurance company.
<hw>fire-control</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i a system of regulating the fire of a ship's or a fort's guns.
<hw>firecracker</hw> \K/"fVI\F'\nkrak\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Besp. N. Amer.\b an explosive firework; a banger.
<hw>firecrest</hw> \K/"fVI\F'\nkrEst/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a warbler, Regulus ignicapillus, of European woodland, with a red and orange crest.
<hw>firedamp</hw> \K/"fVI\F'\ndamp/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMining\i a miners' name for methane, which is explosive when mixed in certain proportions with air.
<hw>firedog</hw> \K/"fVI\F'\ndQg/\k\p\In.\i\pa metal support for burning wood or for a grate or fire-irons.
<hw>fire door</hw>\p\In.\i\pa fire-resistant door to prevent the spread of fire.
<hw>fire-drake</hw> \K/"fVI\F'\ndreIk/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMythol\i (in Germanic mythology) a fiery dragon. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xfire\x\j + \Idrake\i from Old English \Idraca,\i via West Germanic from Latin \Idraco\i \J\Xdragon\x\j\c
<hw>fire drill</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a rehearsal of the procedures to be used in case of fire.\p\B2\b a primitive device for kindling fire with a stick and wood.
<hw>fire-eater</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ITheatr\i a conjuror who appears to swallow fire.\p\B2\b a person fond of quarrelling or fighting.
<hw>fire engine</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ITransport\i a vehicle carrying equipment for fighting large fires.
<hw>fire escape</hw>\p\In.\i\pan emergency staircase or apparatus for escape from a building on fire.
<hw>fire extinguisher</hw>\p\In.\i\pan apparatus with a jet for discharging liquid chemicals, water, or foam to extinguish a fire.
<hw>firefight</hw> \K/"fVI\F'\nfVIt/\k\p\In.\i\pa fight using firearms, a gun battle.\Knew f. Incs, NSOED Oct 94\k
<hw>firefighter</hw> \K/"fVI\F'\nfVIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pa person whose task is to extinguish fires. \Bfire-fighting\b \In. & attrib.adj.\i
<hw>firefly</hw> \K/"fVI\F'\nflVI/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-flies)\b \IZool\i any soft-bodied beetle of the glow-worm family Lampyridae, emitting phosphorescent light, usu. in flashes.
<hw>fireguard</hw> \K/"fVI\F'\ngA:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a protective screen or grid placed in front of a fireplace.\p\B2\b \BN. Amer.\b a fire-watcher.\p\B3\b \BN. Amer.\b a firebreak.
<hw>fire hose</hw>\p\In.\i\pa hosepipe used in extinguishing fires.
<hw>firehouse</hw> \K/"fVI\F'\nhaUs/\k\p\In.\i\p\BUS\b a fire station.
<hw>fire-irons</hw> \In.pl.\i tongs, poker, and shovel, for tending a domestic fire.
<hw>firelight</hw> \K/"fVI\F'\nlVIt/\k\p\In.\i\plight from a fire in a fireplace. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ifyr-leoht\i (as \J\Xfire\x,\j \J\Xlight\x (1))\j\c
<hw>firelighter</hw> \K/"fVI\F'\nlVIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b a piece of inflammable material to help start a fire in a grate.
<hw>firelock</hw> \K/"fVI\F'\nlQk/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i \Ihist.\i a musket in which the priming was ignited by sparks.
<hw>fireman</hw> \K/"fVI\F'\nm\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-men)\b\p\B1\b a member of a fire brigade; a person employed to extinguish fires.\p\B2\b \INaut. etc. Railways\i a person who tends a furnace or the fire of a steam engine or steamship.
<hw>fire-office</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ICommerce\i a fire-insurance company.
<hw>fire-opal</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMineral\i girasol.
<hw>fireplace</hw> \K/"fVI\F'\npleIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\IArchit.\i\p\B1\b a place for a domestic fire, esp. a grate or hearth at the base of a chimney.\p\B2\b a structure surrounding this.\p\B3\b the area in front of this.
<hw>fireplug</hw> \K/"fVI\F'\nplVg/\k\p\In.\i\p\Besp. US\b a hydrant for a fire hose.
<hw>firepower</hw> \K/"fVI\F'\np\F'\nU\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMil\i the destructive capacity of guns etc.\p\B2\b financial, intellectual, or emotional strength.
<hw>fire practice</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b a fire drill.
<hw>fireproof</hw> \K/"fVI\F'\npru:f/\k \Iadj. & v.\i \Iadj.\i able to resist fire or great heat. \Iv.tr.\i make fireproof.
<hw>fire-raiser</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ICriminol\i an arsonist. \Bfire-raising\b\p\In.\i\p\K-raising subsumed in COD9 Sep 92\k
<hw>fire screen</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a screen to keep off the direct heat of a fire.\p\B2\b a fireguard.\p\B3\b an ornamental screen for a fireplace.
<hw>fireship</hw> \K/"fVI\F'\nSIp/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i \Ihist.\i a ship loaded with combustibles and set adrift to ignite an enemy's ships etc.
<hw>fireside</hw> \K/"fVI\F'\nsVId/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the area round a fireplace.\p\B2\b a person's home or home life.
<hw>fireside chat</hw>\p\In.\i\pan informal talk.
<hw>fire station</hw>\p\In.\i\pthe headquarters of a fire brigade.
<hw>fire-stone</hw>\p\In.\i\pstone that resists fire, used for furnaces etc.
<hw>firestorm</hw> \K/"fVI\F'\nstO:m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMil Meteorol\i a very intense and destructive fire (usu. one caused by bombing) in which strong currents of air are drawn into the blaze from the surrounding area.
<hw>firethorn</hw> \K/"fVI\F'\nTO:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i = \J\Xpyracantha\x.\j\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Jan 94\k
<hw>fire-tongs</hw> \In.pl.\i tongs for picking up pieces of coal etc. in tending a fire.
<hw>fire trap</hw>\p\In.\i\pa building without proper provision for escape in case of fire.
<hw>fire-walker</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i a person who takes part in fire-walking.\Knew f. SOED Nov 93\k
<hw>fire-walking</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IRelig\i the (often ceremonial) practice of walking barefoot over hot stones, wood ashes, etc.
<hw>fire warden</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b a person employed to prevent or extinguish fires.
<hw>fire-watcher</hw>\p\In.\i\pa person keeping watch for fires, esp. those caused by bombs. \Bfire-watching\b\p\In.\i\p\K-watching new f. corpus Nov 93\k
<hw>fireweed</hw> \K/"fVI\F'\nwi:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i any of several plants that spring up on burnt land, esp. the rosebay willowherb.\Knew f. SOED, corpus Nov 93\k
<hw>firewood</hw> \K/"fVI\F'\nwUd/\k\p\In.\i\pwood for use as fuel.
<hw>firework</hw> \K/"fVI\F'\nw\F'\n:k/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a device containing combustible chemicals that cause explosions or spectacular effects.\p\B2\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \Ba\b an outburst of passion, esp. anger. \Bb\b a display of wit or brilliance.
<hw>firing</hw> \K/"fVI\F'\nrIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMil\i the discharging of guns.\p\B2\b material for a fire, fuel.\p\B3\b \IPottery\i the heating process which hardens clay into pottery etc.
<hw>firing line</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMil\i the front line in a battle.\p\B2\b the leading part in an activity etc.
<hw>firing party</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i a group detailed to fire the salute at a military funeral.
<hw>firing squad</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i\p\B1\b a group detailed to shoot a condemned person.\p\B2\b a firing-party.
<hw>firing-step</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i a step on which soldiers in a trench stand to fire.
<hw>firkin</hw> \K/"f\F'\n:kIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a small cask for liquids, butter, fish, etc.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b \ISci Measure\i (as a measure of beer etc.) half a kilderkin (usu. 9 imperial gallons or about 41 litres). \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English \Iferdekyn,\i probably from the Middle Dutch diminutive of \Ivierde\i 'fourth'\c
<hw>firm (1)</hw> \K/f\F'\n:m/\k \Iadj., adv., & v.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b of solid or compact structure. \Bb\b fixed, stable. \Bc\b steady; not shaking.\p\B2\b \Ba\b resolute, determined. \Bb\b not easily shaken \3(firm belief).\c \Bc\b steadfast, constant \3(a firm friend).\c\p\B3\b \Ba\b (of an offer etc.) not liable to cancellation after acceptance. \Bb\b (of a decree, law, etc.) established, immutable.\p\B4\b \ICommerce\i (of prices or goods) maintaining their level or value. \Iadv.\i firmly \3(stand firm;\c \2hold firm to).\c\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr. & intr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bup)\b\i make or become firm, secure, compact, or solid.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bin)\b\i \IHort\i fix (plants) firmly in the soil. \Bfirmly\b \Iadv.\i \Bfirmness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iferme\i from Latin \Ifirmus\i\c
<hw>firm (2)</hw> \K/f\F'\n:m/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ICommerce\i \Ba\b a business concern. \Bb\b the partners in such a concern.\p\B2\b a group of persons working together, esp. of hospital doctors and assistants. \BEtymology:\b \3earlier = signature, business name: Spanish and Italian \Ifirma\i via medieval Latin from Latin \Ifirmare\i 'confirm by signature', from \Ifirmus\i \J\Xfirm\x (1)\j\c
<hw>firmament</hw> \K/"f\F'\n:m\F'\nm(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAstron\i \Iliterary\i the sky regarded as a vault or arch. \Bfirmamental\b \K/-"ment(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Ifirmamentum,\i from \Ifirmare\i 'confirm' (as \J\Xfirm\x (2))\j\c
<hw>firman</hw> \K/"f\F'\n:m\F'\nn/, /f\F'\n:"mA:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an oriental sovereign's edict.\p\B2\b a grant or permit. \BEtymology:\b \3Persian \Iferman,\i Sanskrit \Ipramanam\i 'right measure, standard, authority'\c
<hw>firmware</hw> \K/"f\F'\n:mwE:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IComputing\i a permanent kind of software programmed into a read-only memory.
<hw>firry</hw> \Isee\i \J\Xfir\x.\j
<hw>first</hw> \K/f\F'\n:st/\k \Iadj., n., & adv.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b earliest in time or order. \Bb\b coming next after a specified or implied time \3(shall take the first train;\c \2the first cuckoo).\c\p\B2\b foremost in position, rank, or importance \3(First Lord of the Treasury;\c \2first mate).\c\p\B3\b \IMus.\i performing the highest or chief of two or more parts for the same instrument or voice.\p\B4\b most willing or likely \3(should be the first to admit the difficulty).\c\p\B5\b basic or evident \3(first principles).\c\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \I(prec. by \Bthe)\b\i the person or thing first mentioned or occurring.\p\B2\b the first occurrence of something notable.\p\B3\b \BBrit.\b \IEducation\i \Ba\b a place in the first class in an examination. \Bb\b a person having this.\p\B4\b the first day of a month.\p\B5\b first gear.\p\B6\b \ISport\i \Ba\b first place in a race. \Bb\b the winner of this.\p\B7\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \ICommerce\i goods of the best quality. \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b before any other person or thing \3(first of all;\c \2first and foremost;\c \2first come first served).\c\p\B2\b before someone or something else \3(must get this done first).\c\p\B3\b for the first time \3(when did you first see her?).\c\p\B4\b in preference; rather \3(will see him damned first).\c\p\B5\b \BBrit.\b \ITransport\i first-class \3(I usually travel first).\c\p\1at first\c at the beginning.\p\1at first hand\c directly from the original source.\p\1first and last\c taking one thing with another, on the whole.\p\1first off\c \Besp. US\b \Icolloq.\i at first, first of all.\p\1first or last\c sooner or later.\p\1first things first\c the most important things before any others \3(we must do first things first).\c\p\1first up\c\p\B1\b first of all.\p\B2\b \BAustral.\b at the first attempt.\p\1from the first\c from the beginning.\p\1from first to last\c throughout.\p\1get to first base\c \BUS\b achieve the first step towards an objective.\p\1in the first place\c as the first consideration.\p\1of the first water\c \Isee\i \J\Xwater\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ifyrst,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>first aid</hw>\p\In.\i\p\I(hyphenated when \Battrib.)\b\i \IMed\i help given to an injured person until proper medical treatment is available. \Bfirst aider\b\p\In.\i\p\K-er new f. corpus Nov 93\k
<hw>first blood</hw> \Isee\i \J\Xblood\x.\j
<hw>first-born</hw> \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i eldest.\p\In.\i\pthe eldest child of a person.
<hw>First Cause</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ITheol\i the Creator of the universe.
<hw>first-class</hw> \Iadj. & adv.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b belonging to or travelling by the first class.\p\B2\b of the best quality; very good. \Iadv.\i \ITransport\i by first class \3(travels first-class).\c
<hw>first class</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a set of persons or things grouped together as the best.\p\B2\b \ITransport\i the best accommodation in a train, ship, etc.\p\B3\b the class of mail given priority in handling.\p\B4\b \BBrit.\b \IEducation\i \Ba\b the highest division in an examination list. \Bb\b a place in this.
<hw>first-day cover</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhilately\i an envelope with stamps postmarked on their first day of issue.
<hw>first-degree</hw> \Iadj.\i \IMed.\i denoting burns that affect only the surface of the skin, causing reddening.
<hw>first finger</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAnat\i the finger next to the thumb.
<hw>first floor</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B(N. Amer.\b \Bsecond floor)\b the floor above the ground floor.
<hw>first-foot</hw> \In. & v.\i \BSc.\b\p\In.\i\pthe first person to cross a threshold in the New Year. \Iv.intr.\i be a first-foot.
<hw>first-fruit</hw>\p\In.\i\p\I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i\p\B1\b \IRelig\i the first agricultural produce of a season, esp. as offered to God.\p\B2\b the first results of work etc.\p\B3\b \Ihist.\i a payment to a superior by the new holder of an office.
<hw>first gear</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMech\i the lowest in a set of gears.
<hw>first-hand</hw> \Iadj. & adv.\i from the original source; direct.
<hw>first intention</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMed.\i the healing of a wound by natural contact of the parts.
<hw>first intentions</hw> \In.pl.\i \ILogic\i a person's primary conceptions of things (e.g. a tree, an oak).
<hw>First Lady</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i (in the US) the wife of the President.
<hw>first lieutenant</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BUS\b \IMil Naut\i an army or air force officer next below captain.
<hw>first light</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IHorol\i the time when light first appears in the morning.
<hw>firstling</hw> \K/"f\F'\n:s(t)lIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i\p\B1\b the first result of anything, first-fruits.\p\B2\b the first offspring; the first born in a season.
<hw>firstly</hw> \K/"f\F'\n:s(t)li/\k \Iadv.\i (in enumerating topics, arguments, etc.) in the first place, first \I(cf.\i \J\Xfirst\x \Iadv.\i).\j
<hw>first mate</hw>\p\In.\i\p\INaut\i (on a merchant ship) the officer second in command to the master.
<hw>first name</hw>\p\In.\i\pa personal or Christian name.
<hw>first night</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ITheatr\i the first public performance of a play etc. \Bfirst-nighter\b\p\In.\i\p\K-nighter subsumed in COD9 Sep 92\k
<hw>first offender</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i a criminal against whom no previous conviction is recorded.
<hw>first officer</hw>\p\In.\i\p\INaut\i the mate on a merchant ship.
<hw>first past the post</hw> \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IRacing\i winning a race etc. by being the first to reach the finishing line.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b \IPolit\i (of an electoral system) selecting a candidate or party by simple majority (see also \J\Xproportional representation\x,\j \J\Xtransferable vote\x).\j
<hw>first post</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IMil\i the first of several bugle calls giving notice of the hour of retiring at night.
<hw>first-rate</hw> \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of the highest class, excellent.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i very well \3(feeling first-rate).\c\Kadv omitted & very well made adj sense 2 Nov 93\k
<hw>first reading</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IParl\i the occasion when a Bill is presented to a legislature to permit its introduction.
<hw>first refusal</hw> \Isee\i \J\Xrefusal\x 2.\j
<hw>First Reich</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i the Holy Roman Empire, 962-1806.
<hw>first school</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IEducation\i a school for children from 5 to 9 years old.
<hw>first sergeant</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BUS\b \IMil\i the highest-ranking non-commissioned officer in a company.
<hw>first strike</hw> \Iadj.\i \IMil\i an aggressive attack with nuclear weapons before their use by the enemy \I(hyphenated when \Battrib.:\b\i \2first-strike strategy).\c\Kfirst strike new f. rOED, corpus Nov 93\k
<hw>first thing</hw> \Iadv. & n.\i \Icolloq.\i \Iadv.\i before anything else; very early in the morning \3(shall do it first thing).\c\p\In.\i\p\I(prec. by \Bthe)\b\i even the most elementary fact or principle \3(does not know the first thing about it).\c
<hw>firth</hw> \K/f\F'\n:T/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bfrith\b \K/frIT/\k) \IGeog\i\p\B1\b a narrow inlet of the sea.\p\B2\b an estuary. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English (originally Scots) from Old Norse \Ifj÷rthr\i \J\Xfjord\x\j\c
<hw>fir tree</hw> \Isee\i \J\Xfir\x 1.\j
<hw>fisc</hw> \K/fIsk/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRom.Hist.\i the public treasury; the emperor's privy purse. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ifisc\i or Latin \Ifiscus\i 'rush-basket, purse, treasury'\c
<hw>fiscal</hw> \K/"fIsk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \IEcon\i \Iadj.\i of public revenue.\p\In.\i\p\ILaw\i\p\B1\b a legal official in some countries.\p\B2\b \BSc.\b = \J\Xprocurator fiscal\x.\j \Bfiscally\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ifiscal\i or Latin \Ifiscalis\i (as \J\Xfisc\x)\j\c
<hw>fish (1)</hw> \K/fIS/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i same or \Bfishes)\b\p\B1\b \IZool\i a vertebrate cold-blooded animal with gills and fins living wholly in water.\p\B2\b an invertebrate animal living wholly in water, e.g. cuttlefish, shellfish, jellyfish.\p\B3\b \IFood\i the flesh of fish as food.\p\B4\b \Icolloq.\i a person remarkable in some way (usu. unfavourable) \3(an odd fish).\c\p\B5\b \B(the Fish or Fishes)\b \IAstrol Astron\i the zodiacal sign or constellation Pisces.\p\B6\b \INaut.\i \Islang\i a torpedo; a submarine.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \IFishing\i try to catch fish, esp. with a line or net.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \IFishing\i fish for (a certain kind of fish) or in (a certain stretch of water).\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bfor)\b\i \Ba\b search for in water or a concealed place. \Bb\b seek by indirect means \3(fishing for compliments).\c\p\B4\b \Itr.\i \I(foll. by \Bup,\b \Bout,\b etc.)\i retrieve with careful or awkward searching.\p\1drink like a fish\c \IDrink\i drink excessively.\p\1fish out of water\c a person in an unsuitable or unwelcome environment or situation.\p\1other fish to fry\c other matters to attend to. \Bfishlike\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ifisc,\i \Ifiscian,\i from Germanic\c The collective plural \Ifish\i is now usual, but the older form \Ifishes\i is still used, especially in technical writing, when referring to different kinds of fish (e.g. \Ithe freshwater fishes of Europe),\i and in biblical allusions etc. (e.g. \Ifive loaves and two small fishes).\i
<hw>fish (2)</hw> \K/fIS/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBuilding Archit\i a flat plate of iron, wood, etc., to strengthen a beam or joint.\p\B2\b \INaut.\i a piece of wood, convex and concave, used to strengthen a mast etc. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b mend or strengthen (a spar etc.) with a fish.\p\B2\b \IRailways\i join (rails) with a fish-plate. \BEtymology:\b \3originally as verb: from French \Ificher\i 'fix', ultimately from Latin \Ifigere\i\c
<hw>fish (3)</hw> \K/fIS/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGames\i a piece of ivory etc. used as a counter in games. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ifiche\i \I(ficher;\i see \J\Xfish\x (2))\j\c
<hw>fish-bolt</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IRailways\i a bolt used to fasten fish-plates and rails together.
<hw>fishbowl</hw> \K/"fISb\F'\nUl/\k\p\In.\i\pa usu. round glass bowl for keeping pet fish in.
<hw>fish cake</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i a cake of shredded fish and mashed potato, usu. eaten fried.
<hw>fish eagle</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i any eagle, esp. of the genus \IHaliaeetus,\i that catches and feeds on fish.
<hw>fisher</hw> \K/"fIS\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBiol\i an animal that catches fish, esp. the pekan, a tree-living N. American marten, Martes pennanti, valued for its fur.\p\B2\b \IFishing\i \Iarchaic\i a fisherman. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ifiscere\i from Germanic (as \J\Xfish\x (1))\j\c
<hw>fisherfolk</hw> \K/"fIS\F'\nf\F'\nUk/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(treated as \Bpl.)\b\i \IFishing\i people whose livelihood is fishing.
<hw>fisherman</hw> \K/"fIS\F'\nm\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-men)\b \IFishing\i\p\B1\b a person who catches fish as a livelihood or for sport.\p\B2\b \INaut\i a fishing boat.
<hw>fishery</hw> \K/"fIS(\F'\n)ri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IFishing\i\p\B1\b a place where fish are caught or reared.\p\B2\b the occupation or industry of catching or rearing fish.
<hw>fish-eye lens</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IOptics Photog\i a very wide-angle lens with a field of vision covering up to 180░, the scale being reduced towards the edges.\Kdenested May 94\k
<hw>fish farm</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IFood\i a place where fish are bred for food.
<hw>fish finger</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ICookery\i a small oblong piece of fish in batter or breadcrumbs.
<hw>fishing</hw> \K/"fISIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFishing\i the activity of catching fish, esp. for food or as a sport.
<hw>fishing-fly</hw>\p\In.\i\p= \J\Xfly\x (2) 4.\j\Knew: used in defs. Nov 94\k
<hw>fishing line</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IFishing\i a long thread of silk etc. with a baited hook, sinker, float, etc., used for catching fish.
<hw>fishing rod</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IFishing\i a long tapering usu. jointed rod to which a fishing line is attached.
<hw>fish kettle</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i an oval pan for boiling fish.
<hw>fish-knife</hw>\p\In.\i\pa knife for eating or serving fish.
<hw>fishmeal</hw> \K/"fISmi:l/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAgriculture\i ground dried fish used as fertilizer or animal feed.
<hw>fishmonger</hw> \K/"fISmVNg\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Besp. Brit.\b \ICommerce\i a dealer in fish for food.
<hw>fishnet</hw> \K/"fISnEt/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(often \Battrib.)\b\i \ITextiles\i an open-meshed fabric \3(fishnet stockings).\c
<hw>fish-plate</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IRailways\i a flat piece of iron etc. connecting railway rails.\p\B2\b \IBuilding\i a flat piece of metal with ends like a fish's tail, used to position masonry.
<hw>fish pond</hw>\p\In.\i\pa pond or pool in which fish are kept.\Kfish-pool omitted Nov 93\k
<hw>fishpot</hw> \K/"fISpQt/\k\p\In.\i\p\Ifishing\i a wicker trap for eels, lobsters, etc.
<hw>fish slice</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b a flat utensil for lifting fish and fried foods during and after cooking.
<hw>fishtail</hw> \K/"fISteIl/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\panything resembling a fish's tail in shape or movement. \Iv.intr.\i move the tail of a vehicle from side to side.
<hw>fishtail burner</hw>\p\In.\i\pa kind of gas burner producing a broadening jet of flame.
<hw>fishwife</hw> \K/"fISwVIf/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-wives)\b\p\B1\b a coarse-mannered or noisy woman.\p\B2\b \ICommerce\i a woman who sells fish.
<hw>fishy</hw> \K/"fISi/\k \Iadj.\i \B(fishier,\b \Bfishiest)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b of or like (a) fish. \Bb\b \Ijoc.\i or \Ipoet.\i abounding in fish.\Ksense 1a new from conflation of COD8's a-d, Nov 93\k\p\B2\b \Islang\i arousing suspicion, questionable, mysterious \3(something fishy going on).\c \Bfishily\b \Iadv.\i \Bfishiness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>fisk</hw> \K/fIsk/\k\p\In.\i\p\BSc.\b \IEcon\i the state treasury, the exchequer. \BEtymology:\b \3variant of \J\Xfisc\x\j\c
<hw>fissile</hw> \K/"fIsVIl/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IPhysics\i capable of undergoing nuclear fission.\p\B2\b cleavable; tending to split. \Bfissility\b \K/-"sIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ifissilis\i (as \J\Xfissure\x)\j\c
<hw>fission</hw> \K/"fIS(\F'\n)n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the action of dividing or splitting into two or more parts.\p\B2\b \IPhysics\i = \J\Xnuclear fission\x.\j\p\B3\b \IBiol.\i the division of a cell etc. into new cells etc. as a mode of reproduction. \Iv.intr. & tr.\i undergo or cause to undergo fission. \Bfissionable\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ifissio\i (as \J\Xfissure\x)\j\c
<hw>fission bomb</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i an atom bomb.
<hw>fissiparous</hw> \K/fI"sIp(\F'\n)r\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IBiol.\i reproducing by fission.\p\B2\b tending to split. \Bfissiparity\b \K/-"parIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bfissiparously\b \Iadv.\i \Bfissiparousness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ifissus,\i past part. of \Ifindere\i (as \J\Xfissure\x),\j on the pattern of \Iviviparous\i\c
<hw>fissure</hw> \K/"fIS\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an opening, usu. long and narrow, made esp. by cracking, splitting, or separation of parts.\p\B2\b \IBot.\i & \IAnat.\i a narrow opening in an organ etc., esp. a depression between convolutions of the brain.\p\B3\b a cleavage. \Iv.tr. & intr.\i split or crack. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ifissure\i or Latin \Ifissura,\i from \Ifindere fiss-\i 'cleave'\c
<hw>fist</hw> \K/fIst/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a tightly closed hand.\p\B2\b \Islang\i handwriting \3(writes a good fist;\c \2I know his fist).\c\p\B3\b \Islang\i a hand \3(give us your fist).\c \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b strike with the fist.\p\B2\b \INaut.\i handle (a sail, an oar, etc.).\p\1make a good (or poor etc.) fist\c \I(foll. by \Bat,\b \Bof)\b\i \Icolloq.\i make a good (or poor etc.) attempt at. \Bfisted\b \Iadj.\i \I(also in \Bcomb.).\b\i \Bfistful\b\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-fuls).\b \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ifyst,\i from West Germanic\c
<hw>fist fight</hw>\p\In.\i\pa fight with bare fists.\Knew f. corpus, SOED Nov 93\k
<hw>fisticuffs</hw> \K/"fIstIkVfs/\k \In.pl.\i fighting with the fists. \BEtymology:\b \3probably obsolete \Ifisty\i adj. = \J\Xfistic\x,\j + \J\Xcuff\x (2)\j\c
<hw>fistula</hw> \K/"fIstjUl\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bfistulas\b or \Bfistulae\b \K/-li:/\k)\p\B1\b \IMed.\i an abnormal or surgically made passage between a hollow organ and the body surface or between two hollow organs.\p\B2\b \IZool.\i a natural pipe or spout in whales, insects, etc. \Bfistular\b \Iadj.\i \Bfistulous\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = pipe, flute\c
<hw>fit (1)</hw> \K/fIt/\k \Iadj., v., n., & adv.\i \Iadj.\i \B(fitter,\b \Bfittest)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bfor,\b or \Bto\b + infin.)\i well adapted or suited. \Bb\b \I(foll. by \Bto\b + infin.)\i qualified, competent, worthy. \Bc\b \I(foll. by \Bfor,\b or \Bto\b + infin.)\i in a suitable condition, ready. \Bd\b \I(foll. by \Bfor)\b\i good enough \3(a dinner fit for a king).\c \Be\b \I(foll. by \Bto\b + infin.)\i sufficiently exhausted, troubled, or angry \3(fit to drop).\c\p\B2\b in good health or athletic condition.\p\B3\b proper, becoming, right \3(it is fit that).\c\p\Iv.\i\p\B(fitted,\b \Bfitting)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b \Itr.\i \I(also \Babsol.)\b\i be of the right shape and size for \3(the dress fits her;\c \2the key doesn't fit the lock;\c \2these shoes don't fit).\c \Bb\b \Itr.\i make, fix, or insert (a thing) so that it is of the right size or shape \3(fitted shelves in the alcoves).\c \Bc\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bin,\b \Binto)\b\i (of a component) be correctly positioned \3(that bit fits here).\c \Bd\b \Itr.\i find room for \3(can't fit another person on the bench).\c\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \I(foll. by \Bfor,\b or \Bto\b + infin.)\i \Ba\b make suitable; adapt. \Bb\b make competent \3(fitted him to be a priest).\c\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bwith)\b\i supply, furnish \3(fitted the boat with a new rudder).\c\p\B4\b \Itr.\i fix in place \3(fit a lock on the door).\c\p\B5\b \Itr.\i = \Ifit on.\i\p\B6\b \Itr.\i be in harmony with, befit, become \3(it fits the occasion;\c \2the punishment fits the crime).\c\p\B7\b \Itr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bup)\b\i \Besp. Austral.\b secure enough (genuine or false) evidence to convict; frame.\Knew sense f. SOED Nov 93\k\p\In.\i\pthe way in which a garment, component, etc., fits \3(a bad fit;\c \2a tight fit).\c \Iadv.\i \I(foll. by \Bto\b + infin.)\i \Icolloq.\i in a suitable manner, appropriately \3(was laughing fit to bust).\c\p\1fit the bill\c = \Ifill the bill.\i\p\Bfit in\b\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i be (esp. socially) compatible or accommodating \3(doesn't fit in with the rest of the group;\c \2tried to fit in with their plans).\c\p\B2\b find space or time for (an object, engagement, etc.) \3(the dentist fitted me in at the last minute).\c\p\Bfit on\b \BBrit.\b try on (a garment).\p\Bfit out\b (or \Bup)\b \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i equip.\p\1see (or think) fit\c \I(often foll. by \Bto\b + infin.)\i decide or choose (a specified course of action). \Bfitly\b \Iadv.\i \Bfitness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English: origin unknown\c
<hw>fit (2)</hw> \K/fIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMed\i a sudden seizure of epilepsy, hysteria, apoplexy, fainting, or paralysis, with unconsciousness or convulsions.\p\B2\b \IMed\i a sudden brief attack of an illness or of symptoms \3(fit of coughing).\c\p\B3\b a sudden short bout or burst \3(fit of energy;\c \2fit of giggles).\c\p\B4\b \Icolloq.\i an attack of strong feeling \3(fit of rage).\c\p\B5\b a capricious impulse; a mood \3(when the fit was on him).\c\p\1by (or in) fits and starts\c spasmodically.\p\1give a person a fit\c \Icolloq.\i surprise or outrage him or her.\p\1have a fit\c \Icolloq.\i be greatly surprised or outraged.\p\1in fits\c laughing uncontrollably. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ifitt\i 'conflict', in Middle English = position of danger or excitement\c
<hw>fit (3)</hw> \K/fIt/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bfytte)\b \ILiterature\i \Iarchaic\i a section of a poem. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ifitt,\i perhaps as \J\Xfit\x (2),\j or related to German \Ifitze\i in the obsolete sense 'thread with which weavers mark off a day's work'\c
<hw>fitch</hw> \K/fItS/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool\i a polecat.\p\B2\b \Ba\b the hair of a polecat. \Bb\b a brush made from this or similar hair. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle Dutch \Ifisse\i etc.: cf. \J\Xfitchew\x\j\c
<hw>fitchew</hw> \K/"fItSu:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a polecat. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ificheau,\i \Ifissel,\i diminutive of Middle Dutch \Ifisse\i\c
<hw>fitful</hw> \K/"fItfUl/, /-f(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i active or occurring spasmodically or intermittently. \Bfitfully\b \Iadv.\i \Bfitfulness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>fitment</hw> \K/"fItm(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i \Besp. Brit.\b a fixed item of furniture.
<hw>fitted</hw> \K/"fItId/\k \Iadj.\i \Besp. Brit.\b\p\B1\b made or shaped to fill a space or cover something closely or exactly \3(a fitted carpet).\c\p\B2\b provided with appropriate equipment, fittings, etc. \3(a fitted kitchen).\c\p\B3\b \IFurniture\i built-in; filling an alcove etc. \3(fitted cupboards).\c
<hw>fitter</hw> \K/"fIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IClothing\i a person who supervises the cutting, fitting, altering, etc. of garments.\p\B2\b \IMech\i a mechanic who fits together and adjusts machinery.
<hw>fitting</hw> \K/"fItIN/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the process or an instance of having a garment etc. fitted \3(needed several fittings).\c\p\B2\b \Ba\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \BBrit.\b the fixtures and fitments of a building. \Bb\b a piece of apparatus or furniture. \Iadj.\i proper, becoming, right. \Bfittingly\b \Iadv.\i \Bfittingness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>fitting shop</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMech\i a place where machine parts are put together.
<hw>fit-up</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ITheatr.\i \Islang\i\p\B1\b a temporary stage etc.\p\B2\b a travelling company.
<hw>FitzGerald contraction</hw> \K/fIts"dZEr(\F'\n)ld/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \BFitzGerald-Lorentz contraction)\b \IPhysics\i the shortening of a moving body in the direction of its motion esp. at speeds close to that of light. \BEtymology:\b \3named after G. F. \IFitzGerald,\i Irish physicist d. 1901 and H. A. \ILorentz,\i Dutch physicist d. 1928\c
<hw>five</hw> \K/fVIv/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b one more than four or one half of ten; the sum of three units and two units.\p\B2\b a symbol for this (5, v, V).\p\B3\b a size etc. denoted by five.\p\B4\b a set or team of five individuals.\p\B5\b five o'clock.\p\B6\b \IGames\i a card with five pips.\p\B7\b \ICricket\i a hit scoring five runs. \Iadj.\i that amount to five. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ifif,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>five-a-side</hw> \Iadj. & n.\i \IFootball\i \Iadj.\i designating football played with five players in each team.\p\In.\i\pa game of five-a-side football.\Knew f. corpus, SOED Nov 93\k
<hw>five-corner</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bfive-corners)\b \BAustral.\b \IBot\i\p\B1\b a shrub of the genus \IStyphelia.\i\p\B2\b the pentagonal fruit of this.
<hw>five-eighth</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BAustral.\b & \BNZ\b \IRugby\i either of two players between the scrum-half and the centre three-quarter.
<hw>five-finger exercise</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMus\i an exercise on the piano involving all the fingers.\p\B2\b an easy task.
<hw>fivefold</hw> \K/"fVIvf\F'\nUld/\k \Iadj. & adv.\i\p\B1\b five times as much or as many.\p\B2\b consisting of five parts.\p\B3\b amounting to five.
<hw>five hundred</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICards\i a form of euchre in which 500 points make a game.
<hw>five o'clock shadow</hw>\p\In.\i\pbeard-growth visible on a man's face in the latter part of the day.
<hw>fiver</hw> \K/"fVIv\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICurrency\i \Icolloq.\i\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b a five-pound note.\p\B2\b \BN. Amer.\b a five-dollar bill.
<hw>fives</hw> \K/fVIvz/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISport\i a game played esp. in the UK, in which a ball is hit with a gloved hand or a bat against the walls of a court with three walls \B(Eton fives)\b or four walls \B(Rugby fives).\b \BEtymology:\b \3pl. of \J\Xfive\x\j used as sing.: significance unknown\c
<hw>five senses</hw> \In.pl.\i \I(prec. by \Bthe)\b\i sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch.
<hw>five-star</hw> \Iadj.\i of the highest class. \BEtymology:\b \3from the system used to grade hotels\c
<hw>fivestones</hw> \K/"fVIvst\F'\nUnz/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IGames\i jacks played with five pieces of metal etc. and usu. without a ball.
<hw>five-year plan</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IEcon Polit\i\p\B1\b (in the former USSR) a government plan for economic development over five years, inaugurated in 1928.\p\B2\b a similar plan in another country.
<hw>fix</hw> \K/fIks/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i make firm or stable; fasten, secure \3(fixed a picture to the wall).\c\p\B2\b \Itr.\i decide, settle, specify (a price, date, etc.).\p\B3\b \Itr.\i mend, repair.\p\B4\b \Itr.\i implant (an idea or memory) in the mind \3(couldn't get the rules fixed in his head).\c\p\B5\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b \I(foll. by \Bon,\b \Bupon)\b\i direct steadily, set (one's eyes, gaze, attention, or affection). \Bb\b attract and hold (a person's attention, eyes, etc.). \Bc\b \I(foll. by \Bwith)\b\i single out with one's eyes etc.\p\B6\b \Itr.\i place definitely or permanently, establish, station.\p\B7\b \Itr.\i determine the exact nature, position, etc., of; refer (a thing or person) to a definite place or time; identify, locate.\p\B8\b \Ba\b \Itr.\i make (eyes, features, etc.) rigid. \Bb\b \Iintr.\i (of eyes, features, etc.) become rigid.\p\B9\b \Itr.\i \Besp. N. Amer.\b \Icolloq.\i prepare (food or drink) \3(fixed me a drink).\c\p\B10\b \Ba\b \Itr.\i deprive of fluidity or volatility; congeal. \Bb\b \Iintr.\i lose fluidity or volatility, become congealed.\p\B11\b \Itr.\i \Icolloq.\i punish, kill, silence, deal with (a person).\p\B12\b \Itr.\i \Icolloq.\i \Ba\b secure the support of (a person) fraudulently, esp. by bribery. \Bb\b arrange the result of (a race, match, etc.) fraudulently \3(the competition was fixed).\c\p\B13\b \Islang\i \Ba\b \Itr.\i inject (a person, esp. oneself) with a narcotic. \Bb\b \Iintr.\i take an injection of a narcotic.\p\B14\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b \IPhotog Art Sci\i make (a pigment, photographic image, etc.) fast or permanent. \Bb\b \IBiol.\i preserve or stabilize (a specimen) prior to treatment or microscopic examination.\Ksense 14b new f. OERD Jun 94\k\p\B15\b \Itr.\i \IBiol\i (of a plant or micro-organism) assimilate (nitrogen or carbon dioxide) by forming a non-gaseous compound.\p\B16\b \Itr.\i \IZool Vet\i castrate or spay (an animal).\p\B17\b \Itr.\i \ILinguistics Literature\i arrest changes or development in (a language or literature).\p\B18\b \Itr.\i determine the incidence of (liability etc.).\p\B19\b \Iintr.\i \Iarchaic\i take up one's position.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Icolloq.\i a position hard to escape from; a dilemma or predicament.\p\B2\b \IAstron\i \Ba\b the act of finding one's position by bearings or astronomical observations. \Bb\b a position found in this way.\p\B3\b \Islang\i a dose of a narcotic drug to which one is addicted.\p\B4\b \Islang\i bribery; an illicit arrangement.\p\1be fixed\c \I(usu. foll. by \Bfor)\b\i be disposed or affected (regarding) \3(how is he fixed for money?;\c \2how are you fixed for Friday?).\c\p\Bfix on\b (or \Bupon)\b choose, decide on.\p\Bfix up\b\p\B1\b arrange, organize, prepare.\p\B2\b accommodate.\p\B3\b \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i provide (a person) \3(fixed me up with a job).\c \Bfixable\b \Iadj.\i \Bfixedly\b \K/"fIksIdli/\k \Iadv.\i \Bfixedness\b \K/"fIksIdnIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, ultimately from Latin \Ifixus,\i past part. of \Ifigere\i 'fix, fasten', partly via Old French \Ifix,\i partly via medieval Latin \Ifixare\i\c
<hw>fixate</hw> \K/fIk"seIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b direct one's gaze on.\p\B2\b \IPsychol.\i \Ba\b \I(usu. in \Bpassive;\b\i \Ioften foll. by \Bon,\b \Bupon)\b\i cause (a person) to acquire an abnormal attachment to persons or things \3(was fixated on his son).\c \Bb\b arrest (part of the libido) at an immature stage, causing such attachment. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ifixus\i (see \J\Xfix\x)\j + \J\X-ate\x (3)\j\c
<hw>fixation</hw> \K/fIk"seIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPsychol\i the act or an instance of being fixated.\p\B2\b an obsession, concentration on a single idea.\p\B3\b fixing or being fixed.\p\B4\b the process of rendering solid; coagulation.\p\B5\b \IChem\i the process of assimilating a gas to form a solid compound. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from medieval Latin \Ifixatio,\i from \Ifixare:\i see \J\Xfix\x\j\c
<hw>fixative</hw> \K/"fIks\F'\ntIv/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i tending to fix or secure.\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i a substance used to fix colours, hair, biological specimens, etc.
<hw>fixed capital</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IEcon\i machinery etc. that remains in the owner's use.
<hw>fixed-doh</hw> \Iattrib.adj.\i (also \Bfixed-do)\b \IMus.\i applied to a system of sight-singing in which C is called 'doh', D is called 'ray', etc., irrespective of the key in which they occur \I(cf.\i \J\Xmovable-doh\x).\j
<hw>fixed focus</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhotog\i a camera focus that cannot be adjusted, typically used with a small aperture lens having a large depth of field.
<hw>fixed idea</hw>\p\In.\i\p= \J\XidΘe fixe\x.\j
<hw>fixed income</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IEcon\i income deriving from a pension, investment at fixed interest, etc.
<hw>fixed odds</hw> \In.pl.\i \IRacing etc.\i predetermined odds in racing etc. \I(opp.\i \J\Xstarting price\x).\j
<hw>fixed oil</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i a non-volatile oil of animal or plant origin, used in varnishes, lubricants, illuminants, soaps, etc.
<hw>fixed point</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i a well-defined reproducible temperature.
<hw>fixer</hw> \K/"fIks\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person or thing that fixes.\p\B2\b \IPhotog.\i a substance used for fixing a photographic image etc.\p\B3\b \Icolloq.\i a person who makes arrangements, esp. of an illicit kind.
<hw>fixing</hw> \K/"fIksIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ICarpentry Building\i a method or means of fixing.\Ksense 1 new f. corpus, OED Nov 93\k\p\B2\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \BUS\b \Ba\b apparatus or equipment. \Bb\b \ICookery\i the trimmings for a dish. \Bc\b \INeedlework\i the trimmings of a dress etc.
<hw>fixity</hw> \K/"fIksIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a fixed state.\p\B2\b stability; permanence. \BEtymology:\b \3obsolete \Ifix\i fixed: see \J\Xfix\x\j\c
<hw>fixture</hw> \K/"fIkstS\F'\n/, /-tj\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b something fixed or fastened in position. \Bb\b \I(usu. \Bpredic.)\b\i \Icolloq.\i a person or thing confined to or established in one place \3(he seems to be a fixture).\c\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b \ISport\i \Ba\b a sporting event, esp. a match, race, etc. \Bb\b the date agreed for this.\p\B3\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \ILaw\i articles attached to a house or land and regarded as legally part of it. \BEtymology:\b \3alteration of obsolete \Ifixure,\i via Late Latin \Ifixura\i from Latin \Ifigere fix-\i 'fix'\c
<hw>fizgig</hw> \K/"fIzgIg/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Iarchaic\i a silly or flirtatious young woman.\p\B2\b \Iarchaic\i a kind of small firework; a cracker.\p\B3\b \BAustral.\b \ICriminol\i \Islang\i a police informer. \Iadj.\i \Iarchaic\i flighty. \BEtymology:\b \3probably from \J\Xfizz\x\j + obsolete \Igig\i 'flighty girl'\c
<hw>fizz</hw> \K/fIz/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.intr.\i\p\B1\b make a hissing or spluttering sound.\p\B2\b (of a drink) make bubbles; effervesce.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b effervescence.\p\B2\b \IDrink\i \Icolloq.\i an effervescent drink, esp. champagne. \BEtymology:\b \3imitative\c
<hw>fizzle</hw> \K/"fIz(\F'\n)l/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.intr.\i make a feeble hissing or spluttering sound.\p\In.\i\psuch a sound.\p\Bfizzle out\b end feebly \3(the party fizzled out at 10 o'clock).\c \BEtymology:\b \3formed as \J\Xfizz\x\j + \J\X-le\x (4)\j\c
<hw>FJI</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IJournalism\i (in the UK) Fellow of the Institute of Journalists.
<hw>fjord</hw> \K/fjO:d/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bfiord)\b \IGeog\i a long narrow inlet of sea between high cliffs, as in Norway. \BEtymology:\b \3Norwegian, via Old Norse \Ifj÷rthr\i from Germanic: cf. \J\Xfirth\x,\j \J\Xford\x\j\c
<hw>FL</hw> \Iabbr.\i \BUS\b \IGeog\i Florida (in official postal use).
<hw>flag (1)</hw> \K/flag/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \IPolit\i a piece of cloth, usu. oblong or square, attachable by one edge to a pole or rope and used as a country's emblem or as a standard, signal, etc. \Bb\b a small toy, device, etc., resembling a flag.\p\B2\b \ITransport\i a device that is raised to indicate that a taxi is for hire.\p\B3\b \INaut.\i a flag carried by a flagship as an emblem of an admiral's rank afloat.\p\Iv.\i\p\B(flagged,\b \Bflagging)\b\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \Ba\b grow tired; lose vigour; lag \3(his energy flagged after the first lap).\c \Bb\b hang down; droop; become limp.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b place a flag on or over. \Bb\b mark out with or as if with a flag or flags.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bthat)\b\i \Ba\b inform (a person) by flag signals. \Bb\b communicate (information) by flagging.\p\Bflag down\b signal to (a vehicle or driver) to stop.\p\1keep the flag flying\c continue the fight.\p\1put the flag out\c celebrate victory, success, etc.\p\1show the flag\c\p\B1\b \INaut\i make an official visit to a foreign port etc.\p\B2\b ensure that notice is taken of one's country, oneself, etc.; make a patriotic display. \Bflagger\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \316th c.: perhaps from obsolete \Iflag\i 'drooping'\c
<hw>flag (2)</hw> \K/flag/\k \In. & v.\i \IBuilding\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a flat usu. rectangular stone slab used for paving.\p\B2\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i a pavement made of these. \Iv.tr.\i \B(flagged,\b \Bflagging)\b pave with flags. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, = sod: cf. Icelandic \Iflag\i 'spot from which a sod has been cut out', Old Norse \Iflaga\i 'slab of stone', and \J\Xflake\x (1)\j\c
<hw>flag (3)</hw> \K/flag/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i\p\B1\b any of various plants with sword-shaped leaves, esp. the yellow flag Iris pseudacorus; \Isee also\i \J\Xsweet flag\x,\j \J\Xyellow flag\x.\j\p\B2\b the long slender leaf of such a plant. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English: related to Middle Dutch \Iflag,\i Danish \Iflµg\i\c
<hw>flag (4)</hw> \K/flag/\k\p\In.\i\p(in full \Bflag-feather)\b \IZool\i a quill-feather of a bird's wing. \BEtymology:\b \3perhaps related to obsolete \Ifag\i 'loose flap': cf. \J\Xflag\x (1)\p\Iv.\i\p\j\c
<hw>flag-boat</hw>\p\In.\i\p\INaut Sport\i a boat serving as a mark in sailing matches.
<hw>flag-captain</hw>\p\In.\i\p\INaut\i the captain of a flagship.
<hw>Flag Day</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BUS\b 14 June, the anniversary of the adoption of the Stars and Stripes in 1777.
<hw>flag day</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b a day on which money is raised for a charity by the sale of small paper flags etc. in the street.
<hw>flagellant</hw> \K/"fladZ(\F'\n)l(\F'\n)nt/, /fl\F'\n"dZEl(\F'\n)nt/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IRelig\i a person who scourges himself or herself or others as a religious discipline.\p\B2\b \IPsychol\i a person who engages in flogging as a sexual stimulus. \Iadj.\i of or concerning flagellation. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iflagellare\i 'to whip' from \J\Xflagellum\x\j\c
<hw>flagellate (2)</hw> \K/"fladZ(\F'\n)l\F'\nt/, /-eIt/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i \IZool\i having flagella.\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a protozoan having one or more flagella.
<hw>flagellation</hw> \K/fladZ\F'\n"leIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPsychol Sex Relig\i the act or practice of flagellating others or (esp.) oneself, as a sexual stimulus or religious discipline.\Kdenested and sexual sense added f. NEWS Nov 93\k
<hw>flagellum</hw> \K/fl\F'\n"dZEl\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bflagella\b \K/-l\F'\n/\k)\p\B1\b \IBiol.\i a long lashlike appendage found esp. on microscopic organisms.\p\B2\b \IBot.\i a runner; a creeping shoot. \Bflagellar\b \Iadj.\i \Bflagelliform\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = whip, diminutive of \Iflagrum\i 'scourge'\c
<hw>flageolet (1)</hw> \K/fladZ\F'\n"lEt/, /"fladZ\F'\nlIt/, /"flaZ\F'\n(U)leI/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMus\i\p\B1\b a small flute blown at the end, like a recorder but with two thumb holes.\p\B2\b an organ stop having a similar sound. \BEtymology:\b \3French, diminutive of Old French \Iflag(e)ol\i from Provenτal \Iflajol,\i of unknown origin\c
<hw>flageolet (2)</hw> \K/fladZ\F'\n"lEt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a kind of French kidney bean. \BEtymology:\b \3French, ultimately from Latin \Iphaseolus\i 'bean'\c
<hw>flag-feather</hw> \Isee\i \J\Xflag\x (4).\j
<hw>flagitious</hw> \K/fl\F'\n"dZIS\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i deeply criminal; utterly villainous. \Bflagitiously\b \Iadv.\i \Bflagitiousness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Iflagitiosus,\i from \Iflagitium\i 'shameful crime'\c
<hw>flag-lieutenant</hw>\p\In.\i\p\INaut.\i an admiral's ADC.
<hw>flag-list</hw>\p\In.\i\p\INaut.\i a roll of flag-officers.
<hw>flagman</hw> \K/"flagm\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-men)\b a person who signals with or as with a flag, e.g. at races.
<hw>flag of convenience</hw>\p\In.\i\p\INaut Commerce\i a foreign flag under which a ship is registered, usu. to avoid financial charges etc.
<hw>flag-officer</hw>\p\In.\i\p\INaut.\i an admiral, vice admiral, or rear admiral, or the commodore of a yacht club.
<hw>flag of truce</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i a white flag indicating a desire for a truce.
<hw>flagon</hw> \K/"flag(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IDrink\i a large bottle in which wine, cider, etc., is sold, usu. holding 1.13 litres (about 2 pints).\p\B2\b \Ba\b a large vessel usu. with a handle, spout, and lid, to hold wine etc. \Bb\b \IRelig\i a similar vessel used for the Eucharist. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English \Iflakon\i from Old French \Iflacon,\i ultimately from Late Latin \Iflasco -onis\i \J\Xflask\x\j\c
<hw>flag-rank</hw>\p\In.\i\p\INaut.\i the rank attained by flag-officers.
<hw>flagrant</hw> \K/"fleIgr(\F'\n)nt/\k \Iadj.\i (of an offence or an offender) glaring; notorious; scandalous. \Bflagrancy\b \K/-gr(\F'\n)nsi/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bflagrantly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iflagrant\i or Latin \Iflagrant-,\i part. stem of \Iflagrare\i 'blaze'\c
<hw>flagship</hw> \K/"flagSIp/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \INaut\i a ship having an admiral on board.\p\B2\b something that is held to be the best or most important of its kind; a leader.
<hw>flagstaff</hw> \K/"flagstA:f/\k\p\In.\i\pa pole on which a flag may be hoisted.
<hw>flag-station</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IRailways\i a station at which trains stop only if signalled.
<hw>flagstone</hw> \K/"flagst\F'\nUn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBuilding\i = \J\Xflag\x (2)\p\In.\i\p\j \Bflagstoned\b \Iadj.\i\K-ed new f. corpus Nov 93\k
<hw>flag-wagging</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \Islang\i\p\B1\b signalling with hand-held flags.\p\B2\b \IPolit\i = \J\Xflag-waving\x.\j
<hw>flag-waving</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i populist agitation, chauvinism. \Bflag-waver\b\p\In.\i\p\K-waver subsumed in COD9 Sep 92\k
<hw>flail</hw> \K/fleIl/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\IAgriculture\i a threshing tool consisting of a wooden staff with a short heavy stick swinging from it.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i beat or strike with or as if with a flail.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i wave or swing wildly or erratically \3(went into the fight with arms flailing).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Old English, probably from Latin \J\Xflagellum\x\j\c
<hw>flair</hw> \K/flE:/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an instinct for selecting or performing what is excellent, useful, etc.; a talent \3(has a flair for knowing what the public wants;\c \2has a flair for languages).\c\p\B2\b talent or ability, esp. artistic or stylistic. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iflairer\i to smell, ultimately from Latin \Ifragrare:\i see \J\Xfragrant\x\j\c
<hw>flake (1)</hw> \K/fleIk/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \IMeteorol\i a small thin light piece of snow. \Bb\b a similar piece of another material.\p\B2\b a thin broad piece of material peeled or split off.\p\B3\b \IArchaeol.\i a piece of hard stone chipped off and used as a tool.\p\B4\b a natural division of the flesh of some fish.\p\B5\b \ICookery\i the dogfish or other shark as food.\p\B6\b \BN. Amer.\b \Islang\i a crazy, eccentric, or dim person.\Ksense 6 new f. ODNW Nov 93\k \Iv.tr. & intr.\i \I(often foll. by \Baway,\b \Boff)\b\i\p\B1\b take off or come away in flakes.\p\B2\b sprinkle with or fall in snowlike flakes.\p\Bflake out\b \Icolloq.\i fall asleep or drop from exhaustion; faint. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, origin unknown: perhaps related to Old Norse \Iflakna\i 'flake off'\c
<hw>flake (2)</hw> \K/fleIk/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IFishing\i a stage for drying fish etc.\p\B2\b \ICookery\i a rack for storing oatcakes etc. \BEtymology:\b \3in earlier use, 'wicker hurdle': Middle English, perhaps from Old Norse \Iflaki,\i \Ifleki\i 'wicker shield'\c
<hw>flak jacket</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i a protective jacket of heavy camouflage fabric reinforced with metal, worn by soldiers etc.
<hw>flaky</hw> \K/"fleIki/\k \Iadj.\i \B(flakier,\b \Bflakiest)\b\p\B1\b of or like flakes; separating easily into flakes.\p\B2\b \Besp. N. Amer.\b \Islang\i crazy, eccentric, dim. \Bflakily\b \Iadv.\i \Bflakiness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>flaky pastry</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i pastry consisting of thin light layers.
<hw>flambΘ</hw> \K/"flQmbeI/\k \Iadj. & v.\i \ICookery\i \Iadj.\i (of food) covered with spirits and set alight briefly. \Iv.tr.\i \B(flambΘs,\b \BflambΘed,\b \BflambΘing)\b cover (food) with spirits and set alight briefly.\Kv. new f. SOED Sep 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3French, past part. of \Iflamber\i 'singe' (as \J\Xflambeau\x)\j\c
<hw>flambeau</hw> \K/"flamb\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bflambeaus\b or \Bflambeaux\b \K/-\F'\nUz/\k)\p\B1\b a flaming torch, esp. composed of several thick waxed wicks.\p\B2\b a branched candlestick. \BEtymology:\b \3French from \Iflambe,\i from Latin \Iflammula,\i diminutive of \Iflamma\i 'flame'\c
<hw>flamboyant</hw> \K/flam"bOI\F'\nnt/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b ostentatious; showy.\p\B2\b floridly decorated.\p\B3\b gorgeously coloured.\p\B4\b \IArchit.\i (of decoration) marked by wavy flamelike lines. \Bflamboyance\b\p\In.\i\p\Bflamboyancy\b\p\In.\i\p\Bflamboyantly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French (in \IArchit.\i sense), pres. part. of \Iflamboyer\i from \Iflambe:\i see \J\Xflambeau\x\j\c
<hw>flame</hw> \K/fleIm/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b ignited gas \3(the fire burnt with a steady flame).\c \Bb\b one portion of this \3(the flame flickered and died).\c \Bc\b \I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i visible combustion \3(burst into flames).\c\p\B2\b \Ba\b a bright light; brilliant colouring. \Bb\b a brilliant orange-red colour.\p\B3\b \Ba\b strong passion, esp. love \3(fan the flame).\c \Bb\b \Icolloq.\i a boyfriend or girlfriend.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr. & tr.\i \I(often foll. by \Baway,\b \Bforth,\b \Bout,\b \Bup)\b\i emit or cause to emit flames.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bout,\b \Bup)\b\i \Ba\b (of passion) break out. \Bb\b (of a person) become angry.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i shine or glow like flame \3(leaves flamed in the autumn sun).\c\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i \Ipoet.\i move like flame.\p\B5\b \Itr.\i send (a signal) by means of flame.\p\B6\b \Itr.\i subject to the action of flame.\p\Bflame out\b\p\B1\b \IAeron\i (of a jet engine) lose power through the extinction of the flame in the combustion chamber.\p\B2\b \Besp. N. Amer.\b fail, esp. conspicuously.\Ksense 2 of flame out new f. Incs Oct 94\k\p\1go up in flames\c be consumed by fire. \Bflameless\b \Iadj.\i \Bflamelike\b \Iadj.\i \Bflamy\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iflame,\i \Iflam(m)er\i from Latin \Iflamma\i\c
<hw>flame gun</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IHort\i a device for throwing flames to destroy weeds etc.
<hw>flamen</hw> \K/"fleImEn/, /"flA:-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRom.Hist.\i a priest serving a particular deity. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin\c
<hw>flamenco</hw> \K/fl\F'\n"mENk\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b\p\B1\b \IMus\i a style of music played (esp. on the guitar) and sung by Spanish gypsies.\p\B2\b \IDancing\i a dance performed to this music. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish, = Flemish\c
<hw>flameout</hw> \K/"fleIm\F'\nUt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IAeron.\i extinction of the flame in a jet engine causing loss of power.\p\B2\b \Besp. N. Amer.\b a complete or conspicuous failure.\Knew f. Incs, (sense 1) NSOED Oct 94\k
<hw>flameproof</hw> \K/"fleImpru:f/\k \Iadj. & v.\i \Iadj.\i (esp. of a fabric) treated so as to be non-flammable. \Iv.tr.\i make flameproof.\Kv. new f. SOED Nov 93\k
<hw>flame-thrower</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bflame-projector)\b \IMil\i a weapon for throwing a spray of flame.
<hw>flame tree</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i any of various trees with brilliant red flowers, esp. a Madagascan poinciana, Delonix regia, or an Australian bottle tree, Brachychiton australis.
<hw>flaming</hw> \K/"fleImIN/\k \Iattrib.adj.\i\p\B1\b emitting flames.\p\B2\b very hot \3(flaming June).\c\p\B3\b \Icolloq.\i \Ba\b passionate; intense \3(a flaming row).\c \Bb\b expressing annoyance, or as an intensifier \3(that flaming dog).\c\p\B4\b brightly coloured \3(flaming red hair).\c
<hw>flamingo</hw> \K/fl\F'\n"mINg\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os\b or \B-oes)\b \IZool\i any tall long-necked web-footed wading bird of the family Phoenicopteridae, with crooked bill and pink, scarlet, and black plumage. \BEtymology:\b \3Portuguese \Iflamengo\i from Provenτal \Iflamenc,\i from \Iflama\i 'flame' + \I-enc\i = \J\X-ing\x (3)\j\c
<hw>flammable</hw> \K/"flam\F'\nb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i inflammable. \Bflammability\b \K/-"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iflammare\i from \Iflamma\i 'flame'\c \IFlammable\i is used because \Iinflammable\i can be mistaken for a negative (the true negative being \Inon-flammable).\i
<hw>flan</hw> \K/flan/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ICookery\i \Ba\b a pastry case with a savoury or sweet filling. \Bb\b a sponge base with a sweet topping.\p\B2\b \ICurrency\i a disc of metal from which a coin etc. is made. \BEtymology:\b \3French (originally = round cake) via Old French \Iflaon\i and medieval Latin \Iflado -onis\i from Frankish\c
<hw>flanch</hw> \K/flA:n(t)S/\k \Iv.intr. & tr.\i (also \Bflaunch\b \K/flO:n(t)S/\k) \IArchit Building\i (esp. with reference to a chimney) slope inwards or cause to slope inwards towards the top. \Bflanching\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3perhaps from Old French \Iflanchir\i from \Iflanche,\i \Iflanc\i \J\Xflank\x\j\c
\B\IflΓnerie\b\i \K/flan"ri:/, French /flanri/\k\p\In.\i\pidling, idleness. \BEtymology:\b \3French from \IflΓner\i 'lounge'\c
\B\IflΓneur\b\i \K/fla"n\F'\n:/, French /flan9r/\k\p\In.\i\pan idler; a lounger. \BEtymology:\b \3French (as \J\XflΓnerie\x)\j\c
<hw>flange</hw> \K/flan(d)Z/\k \In. & v.\i \IEngin.\i\p\In.\i\pa projecting flat rim, collar, or rib, used for strengthening or attachment. \Iv.tr.\i provide with a flange. \Bflangeless\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \317th c.: perhaps from \Iflange\i 'widen out', from Old French \Iflangir\i (as \J\Xflanch\x)\j\c
<hw>flank</hw> \K/flaNk/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IAnat\i \Ba\b the side of the body between the ribs and the hip. \Bb\b \IFood\i the side of an animal carved as meat \3(flank of beef).\c\p\B2\b the side of a mountain, building, etc.\p\B3\b \I\Iesp.\i Mil\i the right or left side of an army or other body of persons. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \I(often in \Bpassive)\b\i be situated at both sides of \3(a road flanked by mountains).\c\p\B2\b \IMil.\i \Ba\b guard or strengthen on the flank. \Bb\b menace the flank of. \Bc\b rake with sweeping gunfire; enfilade.\p\1in flank\c at the side. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iflanc\i from Frankish\c
<hw>flanker</hw> \K/"flaNk\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMil.\i a fortification guarding or menacing the flank.\p\B2\b anything that flanks another thing.\p\B3\b \Ba\b \IRugby\i (in rugby) a wing forward. \Bb\b (in American football) an offensive player who lines up to the outside of an end.\p\B4\b \BBrit.\b \Islang\i a trick; a swindle \3(pulled a flanker).\c
<hw>flank forward</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IRugby\i a wing forward.
<hw>flannel</hw> \K/"flan(\F'\n)l/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ITextiles\i \Ba\b a kind of woven woollen fabric, usu. without a nap. \Bb\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \IClothing\i flannel garments, esp. trousers.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b a small usu. towelling cloth, used for washing oneself.\p\B3\b \BBrit.\b \Islang\i nonsense; flattery.\p\Iv.\i\p\B(flannelled,\b \Bflannelling;\b \BUS\b \Bflanneled,\b \Bflanneling)\b\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b \Islang\i \Ba\b \Itr.\i flatter. \Bb\b \Iintr.\i use flattery.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i wash or clean with a flannel.\Kflannelly omitted Nov 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3perhaps from Welsh \Igwlanen,\i from \Igwlan\i 'wool'\c
<hw>flannelboard</hw> \K/"flan(\F'\n)lbO:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\IToys Education\i a piece of flannel as a base for paper or cloth cut-outs, used as a toy or a teaching aid.
<hw>flannelette</hw> \K/flan\F'\n"lEt/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITextiles\i a napped cotton fabric imitating flannel. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xflannel\x\j\c
<hw>flannelled</hw> \K/"flan(\F'\n)ld/\k \Iadj.\i \B(US\b also \Bflanneled)\b \IClothing\i wearing flannel trousers.
<hw>flannel-mouth</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BUS\b \Islang\i a flatterer; a braggart.
<hw>flap</hw> \K/flap/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B(flapped,\b \Bflapping)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b \Itr.\i move (wings, the arms, etc.) up and down when flying, or as if flying. \Bb\b \Iintr.\i (of wings, the arms, etc.) move up and down; beat.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \Icolloq.\i be agitated or panicky.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i (esp. of curtains, loose cloth, etc.) swing or sway about; flutter.\p\B4\b \Itr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Baway,\b \Boff)\b\i strike (flies etc.) with something broad; drive.\p\B5\b \Iintr.\i \Icolloq.\i (of ears) listen intently.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a piece of cloth, wood, paper, etc. hinged or attached by one side only and often used to cover a gap, e.g. a pocket-cover, the folded part of an envelope, a table leaf.\p\B2\b one up-and-down motion of a wing, an arm, etc.\p\B3\b \Icolloq.\i a state of agitation; panic \3(don't get into a flap).\c\p\B4\b \IAeron\i a hinged or sliding section of a wing used to control lift.\p\B5\b a light blow with something broad.\p\B6\b \IBot\i an open mushroom-top. \Bflappy\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, probably imitative\c
<hw>flapjack</hw> \K/"flapdZak/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i\p\B1\b a cake made from oats and golden syrup etc.\p\B2\b \BN. Amer.\b a pancake. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xflap\x\j + \J\Xjack\x (1)\j\c
<hw>flapper</hw> \K/"flap\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person or thing that flaps.\p\B2\b an instrument that is flapped to kill flies, scare birds, etc.\p\B3\b a person who panics easily or is easily agitated.\p\B4\b \ISociol\i \Islang\i (in the 1920s) a young unconventional or lively woman.\p\B5\b \BBrit.\b \IZool\i a young mallard or partridge.
<hw>flare</hw> \K/flE:/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr. & tr.\i widen or cause to widen gradually outwards or towards the top or bottom \3(flared trousers).\c\p\B2\b \Iintr. & tr.\i burn or cause to burn suddenly with a bright unsteady flame.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i burst into anger; burst forth.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a dazzling irregular flame or light, esp. in the open air. \Bb\b a sudden outburst of flame.\p\B2\b \Ba\b \INaut\i a signal light used at sea. \Bb\b a bright light used as a signal. \Bc\b \IAeron Mil\i a flame dropped from an aircraft to illuminate a target etc.\p\B3\b \IAstron.\i a sudden burst of radiation from a star.\p\B4\b \IFashion\i \Ba\b a gradual widening, esp. of a skirt or trousers. \Bb\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i wide-bottomed trousers.\p\B5\b \INaut\i an upward and outward curve of a ship's bows, designed to throw the water outwards when in motion.\p\B6\b \IPhotog.\i extraneous illumination on film caused by internal reflection in the lens etc.\p\Bflare up\b\p\B1\b burst into a sudden blaze.\p\B2\b become suddenly angry or active. \BEtymology:\b \316th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>flare-path</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAeron\i an area illuminated to enable an aircraft to land or take off.
<hw>flare-up</hw>\p\In.\i\pan outburst of flame, anger, activity, etc.
<hw>flash</hw> \K/flaS/\k \Iv., n., & adj.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr. & tr.\i emit or reflect or cause to emit or reflect light briefly, suddenly, or intermittently; gleam or cause to gleam.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i break suddenly into flame; give out flame or sparks.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i send or reflect like a sudden flame or blaze \3(his eyes flashed fire).\c\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i \Ba\b burst suddenly into view or perception \3(the explanation flashed upon me).\c \Bb\b move swiftly \3(the train flashed through the station).\c\p\B5\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b send (news etc.) by radio, telegraph, etc. \3(flashed a message to her).\c \Bb\b signal to (a person) by shining lights or headlights briefly.\p\B6\b \Itr.\i \Icolloq.\i show ostentatiously \3(flashed her engagement ring).\c\p\B7\b \Iintr.\i (of water) rush along; rise and flow.\p\B8\b \Iintr.\i \Islang\i indecently expose oneself.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a sudden bright light or flame, e.g. of lightning.\p\B2\b a very brief time; an instant \3(all over in a flash).\c\p\B3\b \Ba\b a brief, sudden burst of feeling \3(a flash of hope).\c \Bb\b a sudden display (of wit, understanding, etc.).\p\B4\b \IBroadcasting\i = \J\Xnewsflash\x.\j\p\B5\b \IPhotog.\i = \J\Xflashgun\x.\j\p\B6\b \INaut\i \Ba\b a rush of water, esp. down a weir to take a boat over shallows. \Bb\b a contrivance for producing this.\p\B7\b \BBrit.\b \IMil.\i a coloured patch of cloth on a uniform etc. as a distinguishing emblem.\p\B8\b vulgar display, ostentation.\p\B9\b a bright patch of colour.\p\B10\b \ICinematog.\i the momentary exposure of a scene.\p\B11\b \IMetallurgy\i excess plastic or metal oozing from a mould during moulding. \Iadj.\i \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i\p\B1\b gaudy; showy; vulgar \3(a flash car).\c\p\B2\b \ICriminol\i counterfeit \3(flash notes).\c\p\B3\b \ICriminol\i connected with thieves, the underworld, etc.\p\1flash in the pan\c a promising start followed by failure (from the priming of old guns).\p\Bflash out\b (or \Bup)\b show sudden passion.\p\Bflash over\b \IElectr.\i make an electric circuit by sparking across a gap. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, originally with reference to the rushing of water: cf. \J\Xsplash\x\j\c
<hw>flashback</hw> \K/"flaSbak/\k\p\In.\i\p\ILiterature Cinematog.\i a scene in a film, novel, etc. set in a time earlier than the main action.
<hw>flash-board</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IEngin\i a board used for sending more water from a mill-dam into a mill-race.
<hw>flashbulb</hw> \K/"flaSbVlb/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhotog.\i a bulb for a flashgun.
<hw>flash burn</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMil Med\i a burn caused by sudden intense heat, esp. from a nuclear explosion.
<hw>flashcard</hw> \K/"flaSkA:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\IEducation\i a card containing a small amount of information, held up for pupils to see, as an aid to learning.
<hw>flash-cube</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhotog.\i a set of four flashbulbs arranged as a cube and operated in turn.
<hw>flasher</hw> \K/"flaS\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Islang\i a man who indecently exposes himself.\p\B2\b \IElectr\i \Ba\b an automatic device for switching lights rapidly on and off. \Bb\b a sign or signal using this.\p\B3\b a person or thing that flashes.
<hw>flash flood</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMeteorol\i a sudden local flood due to heavy rain etc.
<hw>flashgun</hw> \K/"flaSgVn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhotog.\i a device producing a flash of intense light, used for photographing by night, indoors, etc.
<hw>flashing</hw> \K/"flaSIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\IArchit Building\i a usu. metallic strip used to prevent water penetration at the junction of a roof with a wall etc. \BEtymology:\b \3dialect \Iflash\i 'seal with lead sheets' or obsolete \Iflash\i 'flashing'\c
<hw>flash lamp</hw>\p\In.\i\pa portable flashing electric lamp, esp. an electric torch.
<hw>flashlight</hw> \K/"flaSlVIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an electric torch.\p\B2\b a flashing light used for signals and in lighthouses.\KPhotog senses omitted Nov 93\k
<hw>flash memory</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IComputing\i a type of memory device that retains data in the absence of a power supply.\Knew f. Incs Oct 94\k
<hw>flash-over</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IElectr.\i an instance of flashing over \I(see\i \J\Xflash\x).\j
<hw>flashpoint</hw> \K/"flaSpOInt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IChem\i the temperature at which vapour from oil etc. will ignite in air.\p\B2\b the point at which anger, indignation, etc. becomes uncontrollable.
<hw>flash unit</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhotog\i = \J\Xflashgun\x.\j\Knew f. J Hawkins and incomings Nov 93\k
<hw>flask</hw> \K/flA:sk/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a narrow-necked bulbous bottle for wine etc. or as used in chemistry.\p\B2\b = \J\Xhip flask\x.\j\p\B3\b \BBrit.\b = \J\Xvacuum flask\x.\j\p\B4\b \Ihist.\i = \J\Xpowder flask\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iflasque\i and (probably) Italian \Ifiasco\i from medieval Latin \Iflasca,\i \Iflasco:\i cf. \J\Xflagon\x\j\c
<hw>flat (1)</hw> \K/flat/\k \Iadj., adv., n., & v.\i \Iadj.\i \B(flatter,\b \Bflattest)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b horizontally level \3(a flat roof).\c \Bb\b even; smooth; unbroken; without projection or indentation \3(a flat stomach).\c \Bc\b with a level surface and little depth; shallow \3(a flat cap;\c \2a flat heel).\c\p\B2\b unqualified; plain; downright \3(a flat refusal;\c \2a flat denial).\c\p\B3\b \Ba\b dull; lifeless; monotonous \3(spoke in a flat tone).\c \Bb\b without energy; dejected.\p\B4\b \IDrink\i (of a fizzy drink) having lost its effervescence.\p\B5\b \BBrit.\b \IElectr\i (of an accumulator, a battery, etc.) having exhausted its charge.\p\B6\b \IMus.\i \Ba\b below true or normal pitch \3(the violins are flat).\c \Bb\b (of a key) having a flat or flats in the signature. \Bc\b (as \BB flat,\b \BE flat,\b etc.), a semitone lower than B, E, etc.\p\B7\b \IPhotog.\i lacking contrast.\p\B8\b \Ba\b (of paint etc.) not glossy; matt. \Bb\b (of a tint) uniform.\p\B9\b (of a tyre) punctured; deflated.\p\B10\b \ICommerce\i (of a market, prices, etc.) inactive; sluggish.\p\B11\b \IRacing\i of or relating to flat racing. \Iadv.\i\p\B1\b lying at full length; spread out, esp. on another surface \3(lay flat on the floor;\c \2the ladder was flat against the wall).\c\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i \Ba\b completely, absolutely \3(turned it down flat;\c \2flat broke).\c \Bb\b exactly \3(in five minutes flat).\c\p\B3\b \IMus.\i below the true or normal pitch \3(always sings flat).\c\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the flat part of anything; something flat \3(the flat of the hand).\c\p\B2\b level ground, esp. a plain or swamp.\p\B3\b \IMus.\i \Ba\b a note lowered a semitone below natural pitch. \Bb\b the sign () indicating this.\Kcer\k\p\B4\b (as \Bthe flat)\b \BBrit.\b \IRacing\i \Ba\b flat racing. \Bb\b the flat racing season.\p\B5\b \ITheatr.\i a flat section of scenery mounted on a frame.\p\B6\b \Icolloq.\i a flat tyre, a puncture.\p\B7\b \BBrit.\b \Islang\i a foolish person. \Iv.tr.\i \B(flatted,\b \Bflatting)\b\p\B1\b make flat, flatten (esp. in technical use).\p\B2\b \BUS\b \IMus.\i make (a note) flat.\p\Bfall flat\b fail to live up to expectations; not win applause.\p\1flat out\c\p\B1\b at top speed.\p\B2\b using all one's strength, energy, or resources.\p\1that's flat\c \Icolloq.\i let there be no doubt about it. \Bflatly\b \Iadv.\i \Bflatness\b\p\In.\i\p\Bflattish\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old Norse \Iflatr\i from Germanic\c
<hw>flat (2)</hw> \K/flat/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\IArchit\i a set of rooms, usu. on one floor, used as a residence. \Iv.intr.\i \B(flatted,\b \Bflatting)\b \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i \BAustral.\b share a flat. \Bflatlet\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3alteration of obsolete \Iflet\i 'floor, dwelling', from Germanic (as \J\Xflat\x (1))\j\c
<hw>flat arch</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IArchit.\i an arch with a flat lower or inner curve.
<hw>flat boat</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bflat-bottomed boat)\b \INaut\i a boat with a flat bottom for transport in shallow water.
<hw>flatcar</hw> \K/"flatkA:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IRailways\i a railway wagon without raised sides or ends.
<hw>flat-chested</hw> \Iadj.\i (of a woman) having small breasts.\Knew f. corpus Nov 93\k
<hw>flatfish</hw> \K/"flatfIS/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i usu. same) \IZool\i any marine fish of various families having an asymmetric appearance with both eyes on one side of a flattened body, including sole, turbot, plaice, flounders, etc.
<hw>flatfoot</hw> \K/"flatfUt/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-foots\b or \B-feet)\b \ICriminol\i \Islang\i a police officer.
<hw>flat foot</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a foot with an arch that is lower than usual.
<hw>flat-footed</hw> \K/flat"fUtId/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b having flat feet.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i downright, positive.\p\B3\b \Icolloq.\i unprepared; off guard \3(was caught flat-footed).\c \Bflat-footedly\b \Iadv.\i \Bflat-footedness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>flat-four</hw> \Iadj. & n.\i \IMech\i \Iadj.\i (of an engine) having four cylinders all horizontal, two on each side of the crankshaft.\p\In.\i\psuch an engine.\Kn. new f. corpus Nov 93\k
<hw>flat-head</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool\i any marine fish of the family Platycephalidae, having a flattened body with both eyes on the top side.\p\B2\b \Islang\i a foolish person.
<hw>flat iron</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Ihist.\i an iron heated externally and used for pressing clothes etc.
<hw>flatmate</hw> \K/"flatmeIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b a person in relation to one or more others living in the same flat.
<hw>flat-pack</hw> \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\IFurniture\i a piece of furniture etc. for self-assembly, packed flat in a box for easy transportation \I(often \Battrib.:\b\i \2a flat-pack fitted kitchen).\c \Iv.tr.\i (usu. as \Bflat-packed\b \Iadj.)\i pack flat in a box.\Knew f. corpus Nov 93\k
<hw>flat race</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IRacing\i a horse race over level ground, as opposed to a steeplechase or hurdles. \Bflat racing\b\p\In.\i\p\Kracing subsumed in COD9 Sep 92\k
<hw>flat rate</hw>\p\In.\i\pa rate that is the same in all cases, not proportional.
<hw>flat spin</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IAeron.\i a nearly horizontal spin.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i a state of agitation or panic.
<hw>flatten</hw> \K/"flat(\F'\n)n/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr. & intr.\i make or become flat.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \Icolloq.\i \Ba\b humiliate. \Bb\b knock down.\p\Bflatten out\b \IAeron\i bring an aircraft parallel to the ground. \Bflattener\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>flatter</hw> \K/"flat\F'\n/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b compliment unduly; overpraise, esp. for gain or advantage.\p\B2\b \I(usu. \Brefl.;\b\i \Iusu. foll. by \Bthat\b + clause)\i please, congratulate, or delude (oneself etc.) \3(I flatter myself that I can sing).\c\p\B3\b \Ba\b (of a colour, a style, etc.) make (a person) appear to the best advantage \3(that blouse flatters you).\c \Bb\b (esp. of a portrait, a painter, etc.) represent too favourably.\p\B4\b gratify the vanity of; make (a person) feel honoured.\p\B5\b inspire (a person) with hope, esp. unduly \3(was flattered into thinking himself invulnerable).\c\p\B6\b please or gratify (the ear, the eye, etc.). \Bflatterer\b\p\In.\i\p\Bflattering\b \Iadj.\i \Bflatteringly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, perhaps related to Old French \Iflater\i 'to smooth'\c
<hw>flattering unction</hw>\p\In.\i\pa salve that one administers to one's own conscience or self-esteem (Shakespeare esp. \IHamlet\i iii. iv. 136).
<hw>flattery</hw> \K/"flat(\F'\n)ri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b exaggerated or insincere praise.\p\B2\b the act or an instance of flattering.
<hw>flattie</hw> \K/"flati/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bflatty)\b \I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \Icolloq.\i\p\B1\b \IClothing\i a flat-heeled shoe.\p\B2\b \INaut\i a flat-bottomed boat.\p\B3\b \ICriminol\i a police officer.
<hw>flat-top</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \BUS\b \IAeron Naut Mil\i \Islang\i an aircraft carrier.\p\B2\b \IHairdressing\i \Islang\i a man's short flat haircut.
<hw>flatulent</hw> \K/"flatjUl(\F'\n)nt/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \IMed\i \Ba\b causing formation of gas in the alimentary canal. \Bb\b caused by or suffering from this.\p\B2\b (of speech etc.) inflated, pretentious. \Bflatulence\b\p\In.\i\p\Bflatulency\b\p\In.\i\p\Bflatulently\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3French from modern Latin \Iflatulentus\i (as \J\Xflatus\x)\j\c
<hw>flatus</hw> \K/"fleIt\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i wind in or from the stomach or bowels. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = blowing, from \Iflare\i 'blow'\c
<hw>flatworm</hw> \K/"flatw\F'\n:m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i any worm of the phylum Platyhelminthes, having a flattened body and no body cavity or blood vessels, including turbellarians, flukes, etc.
<hw>flaunt</hw> \K/flO:nt/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.tr. & intr.\i\p\B1\b \I(often \Brefl.)\b\i display ostentatiously (oneself or one's finery); show off; parade \3(liked to flaunt his gold cuff-links;\c \2flaunted themselves before the crowd).\c\p\B2\b wave or cause to wave proudly \3(flaunted the banner).\c\p\In.\i\pan act or instance of flaunting. \Bflaunter\b\p\In.\i\p\Bflaunty\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \316th c.: origin unknown\c \IFlaunt\i should not be confused with \Iflout,\i which means 'to disobey contemptuously'.
<hw>flautist</hw> \K/"flO:tIst/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMus\i a flute-player. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian \Iflautista\i from \Iflauto\i \J\Xflute\x\j\c
<hw>flavin</hw> \K/"fleIvIn/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bflavine\b \K/-vi:n/\k)\p\B1\b any of a group of cyclic compounds forming the nucleus of various natural yellow pigments.\p\B2\b a yellow dye formerly obtained from dyer's oak. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iflavus\i 'yellow' + \J\X-in\x\j\c
<hw>flavin adenine dinucleotide</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBiochem\i a coenzyme derived from riboflavin, important in various biochemical reactions (abbr.: \BFAD).\b\Kabbr\k
<hw>flavine</hw> \K/"fleIvi:n/, /-In/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPharm.\i an antiseptic derived from acridine.\p\B2\b \Ivar. of\i \J\Xflavin\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3as \J\Xflavin\x\j + \J\X-ine\x (4)\j\c
<hw>flavone</hw> \K/"fleIv\F'\nUn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiochem.\i any of a class of naturally occurring white or yellow pigments found in plants. \BEtymology:\b \3as \J\Xflavine\x\j + \J\X-one\x\j\c
<hw>flavoprotein</hw> \K/fleIv\F'\n(U)"pr\F'\nUti:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiochem.\i any of a class of conjugated proteins containing flavin that are involved in oxidation reactions in cells. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xflavine\x\j + \J\Xprotein\x\j\c
<hw>flavorous</hw> \K/"fleIv(\F'\n)r\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i having a pleasant or pungent flavour.
<hw>flavour</hw> \K/"fleIv\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i \B(US\b \Bflavor)\b\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a distinctive mingled sensation of smell and taste \3(has a cheesy flavour).\c\p\B2\b an indefinable characteristic quality \3(music with a romantic flavour).\c\p\B3\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bof)\b\i a slight admixture of a usu. undesirable quality \3(the flavour of failure hangs over the enterprise).\c\p\B4\b \Besp. US\b \IFood\i = \J\Xflavouring\x.\j \Iv.tr.\i give flavour to; season.\p\1flavour of the month\c (or \Bweek)\b a temporary trend or fashion. \Bflavourful\b \Iadj.\i \Bflavourless\b \Iadj.\i \Bflavoursome\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iflaor,\i perhaps from Latin \Iflatus\i 'blowing' and \Ifoetor\i 'stench': assimilated to \Isavour\i\c
<hw>flavouring</hw> \K/"fleIv(\F'\n)rIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Bflavoring)\b \IFood\i a substance used to flavour food or drink.
<hw>flaw (1)</hw> \K/flO:/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an imperfection; a blemish \3(has a character without a flaw).\c\p\B2\b a crack or similar fault \3(the cup has a flaw).\c\p\B3\b \ILaw\i an invalidating defect in a legal matter. \Iv.tr. & intr.\i crack; damage; spoil. \Bflawless\b \Iadj.\i \Bflawlessly\b \Iadv.\i \Bflawlessness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, perhaps via Old Norse \Iflaga\i 'slab' from Germanic: related to \J\Xflake\x (1),\j \J\Xflag\x (2)\j\c
<hw>flaw (2)</hw> \K/flO:/\k\p\In.\i\pa squall of wind; a short storm. \BEtymology:\b \3probably from Middle Dutch \Ivlaghe,\i Middle Low German \Ivlage,\i perhaps = stroke\c
<hw>flax</hw> \K/flaks/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBot\i \Ba\b a blue-flowered plant, Linum usitatissimum, cultivated for its textile fibre and its seeds (see \J\Xlinseed\x).\j \Bb\b a plant resembling this.\p\B2\b \ITextiles\i \Ba\b dressed or undressed flax fibres. \Bb\b \Iarchaic\i linen, cloth of flax. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iflµx,\i from West Germanic\c
<hw>flaxen</hw> \K/"flaks(\F'\n)n/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of flax.\p\B2\b (of hair) coloured like dressed flax; pale yellow.
<hw>flax-lily</hw>\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IBot\i \BNZ\b a New Zealand plant, Phormium tenax (agave family), yielding valuable fibre.
<hw>flay</hw> \K/fleI/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b strip the skin or hide off, esp. by beating.\p\B2\b criticize severely \3(the play was flayed by the critics).\c\p\B3\b peel off (skin, bark, peel, etc.).\p\B4\b strip (a person) of wealth by extortion or exaction. \Bflayer\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iflean,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>F-layer</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAstron\i the highest and most strongly ionized region of the ionosphere. \BEtymology:\b \3\IF\i (arbitrary) + \J\Xlayer\x\j\c
<hw>flea</hw> \K/fli:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i\p\B1\b a small wingless jumping insect of the order Siphonaptera, feeding on human and other blood.\p\B2\b \Ba\b (in full \Bflea beetle)\b a small jumping beetle infesting hops, cabbages, etc. \Bb\b (in full \Bwater flea)\b daphnia.\p\1a flea in one's ear\c a sharp reproof. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iflea,\i \Ifleah,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>fleabag</hw> \K/"fli:bag/\k\p\In.\i\p\Islang\i a shabby or unattractive person or thing.
<hw>fleabane</hw> \K/"fli:beIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i any of various plants of the genus \IInula\i or \IPulicaria\i (daisy family), formerly thought to drive away fleas.
<hw>flea bite</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the bite of a flea.\p\B2\b a trivial injury or inconvenience.
<hw>flea-bitten</hw> \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b bitten by or infested with fleas.\p\B2\b shabby.
<hw>flea-circus</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ITheatr.\i a show of performing fleas.
<hw>flea collar</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IVet.\i an insecticidal collar for pets.
<hw>flea market</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i a street market selling second-hand goods etc.
<hw>fleapit</hw> \K/"fli:pIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ITheatr.\i a dingy dirty place, esp. a run-down cinema.
<hw>fleawort</hw> \K/"fli:w\F'\n:t/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a plant of the genus \ITephroseris\i (daisy family), related to ragwort, formerly thought to drive away fleas.
\B\IflΦche\b\i \K/fleIS/, French /flES/\k\p\In.\i\p\IArchit\i a slender spire, often perforated with windows, esp. at the intersection of the nave and the transept of a church. \BEtymology:\b \3French, originally = arrow\c
<hw>fleck</hw> \K/flEk/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a small patch of colour or light \3(eyes with green flecks).\c\p\B2\b a small particle or speck, esp. of dust.\p\B3\b a spot on the skin; a freckle. \Iv.tr.\i mark with flecks; dapple; variegate. \BEtymology:\b \3perhaps from Old Norse \Iflekkr\i \I(n.),\i \Iflekka\i \I(v.),\i or Middle Low German, Middle Dutch \Ivlecke,\i Old High German \Iflec,\i \Ifleccho\i\c
<hw>flection</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xflexion\x.\j
<hw>fled</hw> \I\Ipast\i and \Ipast part.\i of\i \J\Xflee\x.\j
<hw>fledge</hw> \K/flEdZ/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \IZool\i (of a bird) grow feathers.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \IArchery\i provide (an arrow) with feathers.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i bring up (a young bird) until it can fly.\p\B4\b \Itr.\i (as \Bfledged\b \Iadj.)\i \Ba\b able to fly. \Bb\b independent; mature.\p\B5\b \Itr.\i deck or provide with feathers or down. \BEtymology:\b \3obsolete \Ifledge\i \I(adj.)\i 'fit to fly', from Old English, from a Germanic root related to \J\Xfly\x (1)\j\c
<hw>fledgling</hw> \K/"flEdZlIN/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bfledgeling)\b\p\B1\b \IZool\i a young bird.\p\B2\b an inexperienced person. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xfledge\x\j + \J\X-ling\x (1)\j\c
<hw>flee</hw> \K/fli:/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\I(past\i and \Ipast part.\i \Bfled\b \K/flEd/\k)\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bfrom,\b \Bbefore)\b\i \Ba\b run away. \Bb\b seek safety by fleeing.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i run away from; leave abruptly; shun \3(fled the room;\c \2fled his attentions).\c\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i vanish; cease; pass away.\Kfleer omitted Nov 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ifleon,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>fleece</hw> \K/fli:s/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IAgriculture\i \Ba\b the woolly covering of a sheep or a similar animal. \Bb\b the amount of wool sheared from a sheep at one time.\p\B2\b something resembling a fleece, esp.: \Ba\b a woolly or rough head of hair. \Bb\b \ITextiles\i a soft warm fabric with a pile, used esp. as a lining. \Bc\b a white cloud, a blanket of snow, etc.\p\B3\b \IHeraldry\i a representation of a fleece suspended from a ring. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bof)\b\i strip (a person) of money, valuables, etc.; swindle.\p\B2\b \IAgriculture\i remove the fleece from (a sheep etc.); shear.\p\B3\b cover as if with a fleece \3(a sky fleeced with clouds).\c \Bfleeceable\b \Iadj.\i \Bfleeced\b \Iadj.\i \I(also in \Bcomb.).\b\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ifleos,\i \Ifles,\i from West Germanic\c
<hw>fleecy</hw> \K/"fli:si/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i \B(fleecier,\b \Bfleeciest)\b\p\B1\b of or like a fleece.\p\B2\b covered with a fleece.\p\In.\i\p(also \Bfleecie)\b \I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \BAustral.\b & \BNZ\b \IAgriculture\i a person whose job is to pick up fleeces in a shearing shed. \Bfleecily\b \Iadv.\i \Bfleeciness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>fleer</hw> \K/fli:\F'\n/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.intr.\i laugh impudently or mockingly; sneer; jeer.\p\In.\i\pa mocking look or speech. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, probably from Scandinavian: cf. Norwegian & Swedish dialect \Iflira\i 'to grin'\c
<hw>fleet (1)</hw> \K/fli:t/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \INaut\i \Ba\b a number of warships under one commander-in-chief. \Bb\b \I(prec. by \Bthe)\b\i all the warships and merchant ships of a nation.\p\B2\b \ITransport\i a number of ships, aircraft, buses, lorries, taxis, etc. operating together or owned by one proprietor. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ifleot\i 'ship, shipping' from \Ifleotan\i 'float', \J\Xfleet\x (5)\j\c
<hw>fleet (2)</hw> \K/fli:t/\k \Iadj.\i \Ipoet.\i or \Iliterary\i swift; nimble. \Bfleetly\b \Iadv.\i \Bfleetness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3probably from Old Norse \Iflj≤tr,\i from Germanic: cf. \J\Xfleet\x (5)\j\c
<hw>fleet (3)</hw> \K/fli:t/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \Idial.\i\p\B1\b \IGeog\i a creek; an inlet.\p\B2\b \B(the Fleet)\b \IGeog\i \Ba\b an underground stream running into the Thames east of Fleet St. \Bb\b \ICriminol\i \Ihist.\i a prison that stood near it. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ifleot,\i from Germanic: cf. \J\Xfleet\x (5)\j\c
<hw>fleet (4)</hw> \K/fli:t/\k \Iadj. & adv.\i \BBrit.\b \Idial.\i \Iadj.\i (of water) shallow. \Iadv.\i at or to a small depth \3(plough fleet).\c \BEtymology:\b \3origin uncertain: perhaps from Old English, related to \J\Xfleet\x (5)\j\c
<hw>fleet (5)</hw> \K/fli:t/\k \Iv.intr.\i \Iarchaic\i\p\B1\b glide away; vanish; be transitory.\p\B2\b \I(usu. foll. by \Baway)\b\i (of time) pass rapidly; slip away.\p\B3\b move swiftly; fly. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ifleotan\i 'float, swim', from Germanic\c
<hw>Fleet Admiral</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BUS\b \INaut\i = \J\XAdmiral of the Fleet\x.\j
<hw>Fleet Air Arm</hw>\p\In.\i\p\Ihist.\i the aviation service of the Royal Navy.
<hw>fleet-footed</hw> \Iadj.\i nimble; fast on one's feet.\Knew f. corpus Nov 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xfleet\x (2)\j\c
<hw>Fleet Street</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IJournalism\i\p\B1\b the London press.\p\B2\b British journalism or journalists.
<hw>Fleming</hw> \K/"flEmIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPeople\i\p\B1\b a native of medieval Flanders in the Low Countries.\p\B2\b a member of a Flemish-speaking people inhabiting N. and W. Belgium (cf. \J\XWalloon\x).\j \BEtymology:\b \3Old English via Old Norse \IFlµmingi\i & Middle Dutch \IVlaming\i from the root of \IVlaanderen\i 'Flanders'\c
<hw>Flemish</hw> \K/"flEmIS/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i of or relating to Flanders.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ILanguage\i the language of the Flemings.\p\B2\b \B(the Flemish)\b \I\B(pl.)\b\i Flemings.\Ksense new f. Collins Pocket, Incomings Nov 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle Dutch \IVlamisch\i (as \J\XFleming\x)\j\c
<hw>Flemish bond</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBuilding\i a bond in which each course consists of alternate headers and stretchers.
<hw>flense</hw> \K/flEns/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \Bflench\b \K/flEn(t)S/\k, \Bflinch\b \K/flIn(t)S/\k) \IHunting\i\p\B1\b cut up (a whale or seal).\p\B2\b flay (a seal). \BEtymology:\b \3Danish \Iflense:\i cf. Norwegian \Iflinsa,\i \Iflunsa\i 'flay'\c
<hw>flesh</hw> \K/flES/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the soft, esp. muscular, substance between the skin and bones of an animal or a human. \Bb\b plumpness; fat \3(has put on flesh).\c \Bc\b \Iarchaic\i meat, esp. excluding poultry, game, and offal.\p\B2\b the body as opposed to the mind or the soul, esp. considered as sinful.\p\B3\b the pulpy substance of a fruit or a plant.\p\B4\b \Ba\b the visible surface of the human body with reference to its colour or appearance. \Bb\b = \J\Xflesh colour\x.\j\p\B5\b animal or human life. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b embody in flesh.\p\B2\b \IHunting\i incite (a hound etc.) by the taste of blood.\p\B3\b \Iliterary\i initiate, esp. by aggressive or violent means, esp.: \Ba\b use (a sword etc.) for the first time on flesh. \Bb\b use (wit, the pen, etc.) for the first time.\K'inflame (a person) by the foretaste of success' omitted as rare or obsolete Nov 94\k\p\Bflesh out\b make or become substantial.\p\1in the flesh\c in bodily form, in person.\p\1lose (or put on) flesh\c grow thinner or fatter.\p\1make a person's flesh creep\c frighten or horrify a person, esp. with tales of the supernatural etc.\p\1sins of the flesh\c unchastity.\p\1the way of all flesh\c experience common to all humankind. \Bfleshless\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iflµsc,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>flesh and blood</hw> \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the body or its substance.\p\B2\b humankind.\p\B3\b human nature, esp. as being fallible. \Iadj.\i actually living, not imaginary or supernatural.\p\1one's own flesh and blood\c near relatives; descendants.
<hw>flesh colour</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IColour\i a light brownish pink. \Bflesh-coloured\b \Iadj.\i\Knew in COD f. SOED, corpus Nov 93\k
<hw>flesher</hw> \K/"flES\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BSc.\b \ICommerce\i a butcher.
<hw>flesh-fly</hw>\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-flies)\b \IZool\i any fly of the family Sarcophagidae that deposits eggs or larvae in dead flesh.
<hw>fleshings</hw> \K/"flESINz/\k \In.pl.\i \ITheatr\i an actor's flesh-coloured tights.
<hw>fleshly</hw> \K/"flESli/\k \Iadj.\i \B(fleshlier,\b \Bfleshliest)\b\p\B1\b (of desire etc.) bodily; lascivious; sensual.\p\B2\b mortal, not divine.\p\B3\b worldly.\Kfleshliness omitted Nov 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iflµsclic\i (as \J\Xflesh\x)\j\c
<hw>fleshpots</hw> \K/"flESpQts/\k \In.pl.\i luxurious living (Exod. 16:3).
<hw>flesh side</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ILeather\i the side of a hide that adjoined the flesh.
<hw>flesh tints</hw> \In.pl.\i \IArt Painting\i flesh colours as rendered by a painter.
<hw>flesh wound</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a wound not reaching a bone or a vital organ.
<hw>fleshy</hw> \K/"flESi/\k \Iadj.\i \B(fleshier,\b \Bfleshiest)\b\p\B1\b plump, fat.\p\B2\b of flesh, without bone.\p\B3\b \IBot\i (of plant or fruit tissue) pulpy.\p\B4\b like flesh. \Bfleshiness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>fletcher</hw> \K/"flEtS\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IArchery\i \Iarchaic\i a maker or seller of arrows. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iflech(i)er,\i from \Ifleche\i 'arrow'\c
<hw>fleur-de-lis</hw> \K/fl\F'\n:d\F'\n"li:/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bfleur-de-lys)\b \I(pl.\i \Bfleurs-\b \Ipronunc.\i same)\p\B1\b \IBot\i the iris flower.\p\B2\b \IHeraldry\i \Ba\b a lily composed of three petals bound together near their bases. \Bb\b the former royal arms of France. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iflour de lys\i 'flower of the lily'\c The usual French pronunciation of \Ifleur-de-lis\i is \K/fl9rd\F'\nlis/\k with the final \I-s\i sounded.
<hw>fleuret</hw> \K/flU\F'\n"rEt/, /fl\F'\n:-/\k\p\In.\i\pan ornament like a small flower. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ifleurette\i from \Ifleur\i 'flower'\c
<hw>fleuron</hw> \K/"flU\F'\nrQn/, /"fl\F'\n:-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IArchit Printing\i a flower-shaped ornament on a building, a coin, a book, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ifloron\i from \Iflour\i \J\Xflower\x\j\c
<hw>fleury</hw> \K/"flU\F'\nri/\k \Iadj.\i (also \Bflory\b \K/"flO:ri/\k) \IHeraldry\i decorated with fleurs-de-lis. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iflo(u)rΘ\i \I(as\i \J\Xfleuron\x)\j\c
<hw>flew</hw> \I\Ipast\i of\i \J\Xfly\x (1).\j
<hw>flews</hw> \K/flu:z/\k \In.pl.\i \IAnat Zool\i the hanging lips of a bloodhound etc. \BEtymology:\b \316th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>flex (1)</hw> \K/flEks/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr. & intr.\i \IAnat\i bend (a joint, limb, etc.) or be bent.\p\B2\b \Itr. & intr.\i \IAnat\i move (a muscle) or (of a muscle) be moved to bend a joint.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \IGeol.\i bend (strata).\p\B4\b \Itr.\i \IArchaeol.\i place (a corpse) with the legs drawn up under the chin. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iflectere flex-\i 'bend'\c
<hw>flex (2)</hw> \K/flEks/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IElectr\i a flexible insulated cable used for carrying electric current to an appliance. \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation of \J\Xflexible\x\j\c
<hw>flexible</hw> \K/"flEksIb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b able to bend without breaking; pliable; pliant.\p\B2\b easily led; manageable; docile.\p\B3\b adaptable; versatile; variable \3(works flexible hours).\c \Bflexibility\b \K/-"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bflexibly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iflexible\i or Latin \Iflexibilis\i (as \J\Xflex\x (1))\j\c
<hw>flexion</hw> \K/"flEkS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bflection)\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b \IAnat\i the act of bending or the condition of being bent, esp. of a limb or joint. \Bb\b a bent part; a curve.\p\B2\b \IGram.\i inflection.\p\B3\b \IMath.\i = \J\Xflexure\x 2.\j \Bflexional\b \Iadj.\i (in sense 2). \Bflexionless\b \Iadj.\i (in sense 2). \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iflexio\i (as \J\Xflex\x (1))\j\c
<hw>flexitime</hw> \K/"flEksItVIm/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(N. Amer.\b also \Bflextime\b \K/"flEkstVIm/\k) \IIndustry\i\p\B1\b a system of working a set number of hours with the starting and finishing times chosen within agreed limits by the employee.\p\B2\b the hours worked in this way. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xflexible\x\j + \J\Xtime\x\j\c
<hw>flexography</hw> \K/flEk"sQgr\F'\nfi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPrinting\i a rotary letterpress technique using rubber or plastic plates and synthetic inks or dyes for printing on fabrics, plastics, etc., as well as on paper. \Bflexographic\b \K/-s\F'\n"grafIk/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iflexus\i 'a bending' from \Iflectere\i 'bend' + \J\X-graphy\x\j\c
<hw>flexor</hw> \K/"flEks\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p(in full \Bflexor muscle)\b \IAnat\i a muscle that bends part of the body \I(cf.\i \J\Xextensor\x).\j \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin (as \J\Xflex\x (1))\j\c
<hw>flexuous</hw> \K/"flEksjU\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i full of bends; winding. \Bflexuosity\b \K/-"QsIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bflexuously\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iflexuosus\i from \Iflexus\i 'bending', formed as \J\Xflex\x (1)\j\c
<hw>flexure</hw> \K/"flEkS\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the act of bending or the condition of being bent. \Bb\b a bend, curve, or turn.\p\B2\b \IMath.\i the curving of a line, surface, or solid, esp. from a straight line, plane, etc.\p\B3\b \IGeol.\i the bending of strata under pressure. \Bflexural\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iflexura\i (as \J\Xflex\x (1))\j\c
<hw>flibbertigibbet</hw> \K/flIb\F'\ntI"dZIbIt/\k\p\In.\i\pa gossiping, frivolous, or restless person. \BEtymology:\b \3imitative of chatter\c
<hw>flick</hw> \K/flIk/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a light, sharp, quickly retracted blow with a whip etc. \Bb\b the sudden release of a bent finger or thumb, esp. to propel a small object.\p\B2\b a sudden movement or jerk.\p\B3\b \ISport\i a quick turn of the wrist in playing games, esp. in throwing or striking a ball.\p\B4\b a slight, sharp sound.\p\B5\b \Icolloq.\i \ICinematog\i \Ba\b a cinema film. \Bb\b \I(in \Bpl.;\b\i \Iprec. by \Bthe)\b\i \BBrit.\b the cinema.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \I(often foll. by \Baway,\b \Boff)\b\i strike or move with a flick \3(flicked the ash off his cigar;\c \2flicked away the dust).\c\p\B2\b \Itr.\i give a flick with (a whip, towel, etc.).\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i make a flicking movement or sound.\p\Bflick through\b\p\B1\b turn over (cards, pages, etc.).\p\B2\b \Ba\b turn over the pages etc. of, by a rapid movement of the fingers. \Bb\b look cursorily through (a book etc.). \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, imitative\c
<hw>flicker (1)</hw> \K/"flIk\F'\n/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.intr.\i\p\B1\b (of light) shine unsteadily or fitfully.\p\B2\b (of a flame) burn unsteadily, alternately flaring and dying down.\p\B3\b \Ba\b (of a flag, a reptile's tongue, an eyelid, etc.) move or wave to and fro; quiver; vibrate. \Bb\b \IMeteorol\i (of the wind) blow lightly and unsteadily.\p\B4\b (of hope etc.) increase and decrease unsteadily and intermittently.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a flickering movement or light.\p\B2\b a brief spell of hope, recognition, etc.\Knew sense f. POD7 Nov 93\k\p\Bflicker out\b die away after a final flicker. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iflicorian,\i \Iflycerian\i\c
<hw>flicker (2)</hw> \K/"flIk\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i any woodpecker of the genus \IColaptes,\i native to N. America. \BEtymology:\b \3imitative of its call\c
<hw>flick knife</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b a weapon with a blade that springs out from the handle when a button is pressed.
<hw>flier</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xflyer\x.\j
<hw>flight (1)</hw> \K/flVIt/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the act or manner of flying through the air \3(studied swallows' flight).\c \Bb\b the swift movement or passage of a projectile etc. through the air \3(the flight of an arrow).\c\p\B2\b \IAeron Astronaut\i \Ba\b a journey made through the air or in space. \Bb\b a timetabled journey made by an airline. \Bc\b \IMil\i an RAF or USAF unit of about six aircraft.\p\B3\b \Ba\b a flock or large body of birds, insects, etc., esp. when migrating. \Bb\b a migration.\p\B4\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bof)\b\i a series, esp. of stairs between floors, or of hurdles across a racetrack \3(lives up six flights).\c\p\B5\b an extravagant soaring, a mental or verbal excursion or sally (of wit etc.) \3(a flight of fancy;\c \2a flight of ambition).\c\p\B6\b \ISport\i the trajectory and pace of a ball in games.\p\B7\b the distance that a bird, aircraft, or missile can fly.\p\B8\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bof)\b\i a volley \3(a flight of arrows).\c\p\B9\b \ISport\i the tail of a dart.\p\B10\b \IHunting\i the pursuit of game by a hawk.\p\B11\b swift passage (of time). \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b \ISport\i vary the trajectory and pace of (a cricket ball etc.).\p\B2\b \ISport\i provide (an arrow) with feathers.\p\B3\b \IHunting\i shoot (wildfowl etc.) in flight.\p\1in the first (or top) flight\c taking a leading place.\p\1take (or wing) one's flight\c fly. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iflyht\i from West Germanic: related to \J\Xfly\x (1)\j\c
<hw>flight (2)</hw> \K/flVIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the act or manner of fleeing. \Bb\b a hasty retreat.\p\B2\b \IEcon.\i the selling of currency, investments, etc. in anticipation of a fall in value \3(flight from sterling).\c\p\1put to flight\c cause to flee.\p\1take (or take to) flight\c flee. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English from Germanic: related to \J\Xflee\x\j\c
<hw>flight attendant</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAeron\i a steward or stewardess on an aeroplane.\Knew f. SOED, corpus Nov 93\k
<hw>flight bag</hw>\p\In.\i\pa small zipped shoulder bag carried by air travellers.
<hw>flight control</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAeron\i an internal or external system directing the movement of aircraft.
<hw>flight deck</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \INaut Mil\i the deck of an aircraft carrier used for take-off and landing.\p\B2\b \IAeron\i the accommodation for the pilot, navigator, etc. in an aircraft.
<hw>flight feather</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool Anat\i any of the large primary or secondary feathers in a bird's wing, supporting it in flight.
<hw>flightless</hw> \K/"flVItlIs/\k \Iadj.\i \IZool\i (of a bird etc.) naturally unable to fly.
<hw>flight lieutenant</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMil Aeron\i an RAF officer next in rank below squadron leader.
<hw>flight officer</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMil Aeron\i \Ihist.\i a rank in the WRAF, corresponding to flight lieutenant.
<hw>flight path</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAeron Astronaut\i the planned course of an aircraft or spacecraft.
<hw>flight plan</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAeron.\i the pre-arranged plan for a particular flight.\Knew f. SOED, corpus Nov 93\k
<hw>flight recorder</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAeron\i a device in an aircraft to record technical details during a flight, that may be used in the event of an accident to discover its cause.
<hw>flight sergeant</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMil.\i \IAeron\i a non-commissioned officer in the RAF ranking above chief technician.
<hw>flight-test</hw> \Iv.tr.\i \IAeron\i test (an aircraft, rocket, etc.) during flight.
<hw>flimsy</hw> \K/"flImzi/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i \B(flimsier,\b \Bflimsiest)\b\p\B1\b lightly or carelessly assembled; insubstantial, easily damaged \3(a flimsy structure).\c\p\B2\b (of an excuse etc.) unconvincing \3(a flimsy pretext).\c\p\B3\b paltry; trivial; superficial \3(a flimsy play).\c\p\B4\b \IClothing\i (of clothing) thin \3(a flimsy blouse).\c\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \BBrit.\b\p\B1\b \Ba\b very thin paper. \Bb\b a document, esp. a copy, made on this.\p\B2\b \IClothing\i a flimsy thing, esp. women's underwear. \Bflimsily\b \Iadv.\i \Bflimsiness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \318th c.: probably from \J\Xflimflam\x\j\c
<hw>flinch (1)</hw> \K/"flIn(t)S/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.intr.\i\p\B1\b draw back in pain or expectation of a blow etc.; wince.\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Bfrom)\b\i give way; shrink, turn aside \3(flinched from his duty).\c\p\In.\i\pan act or instance of flinching. \Bflincher\b\p\In.\i\p\Bflinchingly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old French \Iflenchir,\i \Iflainchir,\i from West Germanic\c
<hw>fling</hw> \K/flIN/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\I(past\i and \Ipast part.\i \Bflung\b \K/flVN/\k)\p\B1\b \Itr.\i throw or hurl (an object) forcefully.\p\B2\b \Irefl.\i \Ba\b \I(usu. foll. by \Binto)\b\i rush headlong (into a person's arms, a train, etc.). \Bb\b \I(usu. foll. by \Binto)\b\i embark wholeheartedly (on an enterprise). \Bc\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bon)\b\i throw (oneself) on a person's mercy etc.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i utter (words) forcefully.\p\B4\b \Itr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bout)\b\i suddenly spread (the arms).\p\B5\b \Itr.\i \I(foll. by \Bon,\b \Boff)\b\i put on or take off (clothes) carelessly or rapidly.\p\B6\b \Iintr.\i go angrily or violently; rush \3(flung out of the room).\c\p\B7\b \Itr.\i put or send suddenly or violently \3(was flung into jail).\c\p\B8\b \Itr.\i \I(foll. by \Baway)\b\i discard or put aside thoughtlessly or rashly \3(flung away their reputation).\c\p\B9\b \Iintr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bout)\b\i \IRiding\i (of a horse etc.) kick and plunge.\p\B10\b \Itr.\i \Iarchaic\i send, emit (sound, light, smell).\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an act or instance of flinging; a throw; a plunge.\p\B2\b a spell of indulgence or wild behaviour \3(he's had his fling).\c\p\B3\b \IDancing\i an impetuous, whirling Scottish dance, esp. the Highland fling.\p\1have a fling at\c\p\B1\b make an attempt at.\p\B2\b jeer at. \Bflinger\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, perhaps from Old Norse\c
<hw>flint</hw> \K/flInt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \IGeol Mineral\i a hard grey stone of nearly pure silica occurring naturally as nodules or bands in chalk. \Bb\b \IArchaeol\i a piece of this esp. as flaked or ground to form a primitive tool or weapon.\p\B2\b a piece of hard alloy of rare-earth metals used to give an igniting spark in a cigarette lighter etc.\p\B3\b \IBallistics\i a piece of flint used with steel to produce fire, esp. in a flintlock gun.\p\B4\b anything hard and unyielding. \Bflinty\b \Iadj.\i \B(flintier,\b \Bflintiest).\b \Bflintily\b \Iadv.\i \Bflintiness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English\c
<hw>flint corn</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot Agriculture\i a variety of maize having hard translucent grains.
<hw>flint glass</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMineral Glass-making\i a pure lustrous kind of glass originally made with flint.
<hw>flintlock</hw> \K/"flIntlQk/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBallistics\i \Ihist.\i\p\B1\b an old type of gun fired by a spark from a flint.\p\B2\b the lock producing such a spark.
<hw>flip (1)</hw> \K/flIp/\k \Iv., n., & adj.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B(flipped,\b \Bflipping)\b\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b flick or toss (a coin, pellet, etc.) with a quick movement so that it spins in the air. \Bb\b remove (a small object) from a surface with a flick of the fingers.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b strike or flick (a person's ear, cheek, etc.) lightly or smartly. \Bb\b move (a fan, whip, etc.) with a sudden jerk.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i turn (a small object) over.\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i \Ba\b make a fillip or flicking noise with the fingers. \Bb\b \I(foll. by \Bat)\b\i strike smartly at.\p\B5\b \Iintr.\i move about with sudden jerks.\p\B6\b \Iintr.\i \Islang\i become suddenly angry, excited, or enthusiastic; go mad.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a smart light blow; a flick.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i \Ba\b a short pleasure flight in an aircraft. \Bb\b a quick tour etc.\p\B3\b an act of flipping over \3(gave the stone a flip).\c \Iadj.\i \Icolloq.\i glib; flippant.\p\1flip one's lid\c \Islang\i\p\B1\b lose self-control.\p\B2\b go mad.\p\Bflip through\b = \Iflick through.\i \BEtymology:\b \3probably from \J\Xfillip\x\j\c
<hw>flip (2)</hw> \K/flIp/\k\p\In.\i\p\IDrink\i\p\B1\b a drink of heated beer and spirit.\p\B2\b = \J\Xegg-nog\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3perhaps from \J\Xflip\x (1)\j in the sense 'whip up'\c
<hw>flip chart</hw>\p\In.\i\pa large pad erected on a stand and bound so that one page can be turned over at the top to reveal the next.
<hw>flip-flop</hw> \K/"flIpflQp/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IClothing\i a usu. plastic or rubber sandal with a thong between the big and second toe.\p\B2\b \ISport\i \BN. Amer.\b a backward somersault.\p\B3\b \IElectronics\i an electronic switching circuit changed from one stable state to another, or through an unstable state back to its stable state, by a triggering pulse.\p\B4\b \Besp. US\b \IPolit\i an abrupt reversal of policy.\Ksense 4 new f. Incomings Nov 94\k \Iv.intr.\i \B(-flopped,\b \B-flopping)\b move with a sound or motion suggested by 'flip-flop'. \BEtymology:\b \3imitative\c
<hw>flippant</hw> \K/"flIp(\F'\n)nt/\k \Iadj.\i lacking in seriousness; treating serious things lightly; disrespectful. \Bflippancy\b\p\In.\i\p\Bflippantly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xflip\x (1)\j + \J\X-ant\x\j\c
<hw>flipper</hw> \K/"flIp\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IAnat\i a broadened limb of a turtle, penguin, etc., used in swimming.\p\B2\b \ISwimming\i a flat rubber etc. attachment worn on the foot for underwater swimming.\p\B3\b \Islang\i a hand.
<hw>flipping</hw> \K/"flIpIN/\k \Iadj. & adv.\i \BBrit.\b \Islang\i expressing annoyance, or as an intensifier \3(where's the flipping towel?;\c \2he flipping beat me).\c \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xflip\x (1)\j + \J\X-ing\x (2)\j\c
<hw>flip side</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMus.\i \Icolloq.\i\p\B1\b the less important side of a gramophone record.\p\B2\b the reverse or a concomitant of a thing.\Knew sense f. POD, Incomings Nov 93\k
<hw>flirt</hw> \K/fl\F'\n:t/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bwith)\b\i behave in a frivolously amorous or sexually enticing manner.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bwith)\b\i \Ba\b superficially interest oneself (with an idea etc.). \Bb\b trifle (with danger etc.) \3(flirted with disgrace).\c\p\B3\b \Itr.\i wave or move (a fan, a bird's tail, etc.) briskly.\p\B4\b \Iintr. & tr.\i move or cause to move with a jerk.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person who indulges in flirting.\p\B2\b a quick movement; a sudden jerk. \Bflirtation\b \K/-"teIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bflirtatious\b \K/-"teIS\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i \Bflirtatiously\b \K/-"teIS\F'\nsli/\k \Iadv.\i \Bflirtatiousness\b \K/-"teIS\F'\nsnIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bflirty\b \Iadj.\i \B(flirtier,\b \Bflirtiest).\b \BEtymology:\b \3imitative\c
<hw>flit</hw> \K/flIt/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.intr.\i \B(flitted,\b \Bflitting)\b\p\B1\b move lightly, softly, or rapidly \3(flitted from one room to another).\c\p\B2\b fly lightly; make short flights \3(flitted from branch to branch).\c\p\B3\b \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i leave one's house etc. secretly to escape creditors or obligations.\p\B4\b \Besp. Sc.\b & \BN.Engl.\b change one's home; move.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an act of flitting.\p\B2\b (also \Bmoonlight flit)\b a secret change of abode in order to escape creditors etc. \Bflitter\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old Norse \Iflytja:\i related to \J\Xfleet\x (5)\j\c
<hw>flitch</hw> \K/flItS/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IFood\i a side of bacon.\p\B2\b \IForestry\i a slab of timber from a tree trunk, usu. from the outside.\p\B3\b (in full \Bflitch-plate)\b \IBuilding Archit\i a strengthening plate in a beam etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iflicce,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>flitch beam</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBuilding Archit\i a compound beam, esp. of an iron plate between two slabs of wood.
<hw>flivver</hw> \K/"flIv\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BUS\b \Islang\i\p\B1\b \ITransport\i a cheap car or aircraft.\p\B2\b a failure. \BEtymology:\b \320th c.: origin uncertain\c
<hw>flixweed</hw> \K/"flIkswi:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a cruciferous plant, Descurainia sophia, formerly thought to cure dysentery. \BEtymology:\b \3earlier \Ifluxweed\i\c
<hw>float</hw> \K/fl\F'\nUt/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr. & tr.\i \Ba\b rest or move or cause (a buoyant object) to rest or move on the surface of a liquid without sinking. \Bb\b get afloat or set (a stranded ship) afloat.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i move with a liquid or current of air; drift \3(the clouds floated high up).\c\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i \Icolloq.\i \Ba\b move in a leisurely or casual way \3(floated about humming quietly).\c \Bb\b \I(often foll. by \Bbefore)\b\i hover before the eye or mind \3(the prospect of lunch floated before them).\c\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bin)\b\i move or be suspended freely in a liquid or a gas.\p\B5\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b \ICommerce\i bring (a company, scheme, etc.) into being; launch. \Bb\b \IStock Exch\i offer (stock, shares, etc.) on the stock market.\p\B6\b \ICommerce\i \Ba\b \Iintr.\i (of currency) be allowed to have a fluctuating exchange rate. \Bb\b \Itr.\i cause (currency) to float. \Bc\b \Iintr.\i (of an acceptance) be in circulation.\p\B7\b \Itr.\i (of water etc.) support; bear along (a buoyant object).\p\B8\b \Iintr. & tr.\i circulate or cause (a rumour or idea) to circulate.\p\B9\b \Itr.\i waft (a buoyant object) through the air.\p\B10\b \Itr.\i \Iarchaic\i cover with liquid; inundate.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a thing that floats, esp.: \Ba\b a raft. \Bb\b \IFishing\i a cork or quill on a fishing line as an indicator of a fish biting. \Bc\b \IFishing\i a cork supporting the edge of a fishing net. \Bd\b \IZool Anat\i a hollow or inflated part or organ supporting an organism in the water; an air bladder. \Be\b \IAeron\i a hollow structure fixed underneath an aircraft enabling it to float on water. \Bf\b a floating device on the surface of water, petrol, etc., controlling the flow.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b \ITransport\i a small vehicle or cart, esp. one powered by electricity \3(milk float).\c\p\B3\b a platform mounted on a lorry and carrying a display in a procession etc.\p\B4\b \ICommerce\i \Ba\b \BBrit.\b a sum of money used at the beginning of a period of selling in a shop, a fΩte, etc. to provide change. \Bb\b a small sum of money for minor expenditure; petty cash.\p\B5\b \I(in \Bsing.\b or \Bpl.)\b\i \BBrit.\b \ITheatr.\i footlights.\p\B6\b \IBuilding\i a tool used for smoothing plaster.\p\B7\b \IDrink\i a soft drink with a scoop of ice cream floating in it.\Knew sense f. NEWS Nov 93\k \Bfloatable\b \Iadj.\i \Bfloatability\b \K/-"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iflot,\i \Iflotian\i 'float', \Iflota\i 'ship', and Old Norse \Iflota,\i \Ifloti\i related to \J\Xfleet\x (5):\j in Middle English influenced by Old French \Ifloter\i\c
<hw>floatage</hw> \K/"fl\F'\nUtIdZ/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or state of floating.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b \INaut\i \Ba\b floating objects or masses; flotsam. \Bb\b the right of appropriating flotsam.\p\B3\b \INaut\i \Ba\b ships etc. afloat on a river. \Bb\b the part of a ship above the waterline.\p\B4\b buoyancy; floating power.
<hw>float-board</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IEngin\i one of the boards of a waterwheel or paddle wheel.
<hw>floatel</hw> \K/fl\F'\nU"tEl/\k\p\In.\i\p\INaut\i a floating hotel. \BEtymology:\b \3blend of \J\Xfloat\x\j and \J\Xhotel\x\j\c\Knew f. NEWS Nov 93\k
<hw>floater</hw> \K/"fl\F'\nUt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person or thing that floats.\p\B2\b \IPolit\i a floating voter.\p\B3\b \BBrit.\b \Islang\i a mistake; a gaffe.\p\B4\b a person who frequently changes occupation.\p\B5\b \IStock Exch.\i a government stock certificate etc. recognized as a security.
<hw>float glass</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IGlass-making\i a kind of glass made by drawing the molten glass continuously on to a surface of molten metal for hardening.
<hw>floating</hw> \K/"fl\F'\nUtIN/\k \Iadj.\i not settled in a definite place; fluctuating; variable \3(the floating population).\c \Bfloatingly\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>floating anchor</hw>\p\In.\i\p\INaut\i a sea anchor.
<hw>floating bridge</hw>\p\In.\i\p\INaut\i\p\B1\b a bridge on pontoons etc.\p\B2\b a ferry working on chains.
<hw>floating debt</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i a debt repayable on demand, or at a stated time.
<hw>floating dock</hw>\p\In.\i\p\INaut\i a floating structure usable as a dry dock.
<hw>floating kidney</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i\p\B1\b an abnormal condition in which the kidneys are unusually movable.\p\B2\b such a kidney.
<hw>floating light</hw>\p\In.\i\p\INaut\i\p\B1\b a lightship.\p\B2\b a lifebuoy with a lantern.
<hw>floating point</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IComputing\i a decimal point that does not occupy a fixed position in the numbers processed \I(hyphenated when \Battrib.:\b\i \2floating-point operations).\c
<hw>floating rib</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAnat\i any of the lower ribs, which are not attached to the breastbone.
<hw>floating voter</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i a voter without allegiance to any political party.
<hw>float process</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IGlass-making\i the process used to make float glass.
<hw>float-stone</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IGeol\i a light, porous stone that floats.
<hw>floaty</hw> \K/"fl\F'\nUti/\k \Iadj.\i \Besp. Brit.\b (esp. of a woman's garment or a fabric) light and airy. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xfloat\x\j\c
<hw>floc</hw> \K/flQk/\k\p\In.\i\pa flocculent mass of fine particles. \BEtymology:\b \3abbreviation of \J\Xflocculus\x\j\c
<hw>flocculate</hw> \K/"flQkjUleIt/\k \Iv.tr. & intr.\i form into flocculent masses. \Bflocculation\b \K/-"leIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>floccule</hw> \K/"flQkju:l/\k\p\In.\i\pa small portion of matter resembling a tuft of wool.
<hw>flocculent</hw> \K/"flQkjUl(\F'\n)nt/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b like tufts of wool.\p\B2\b consisting of or showing tufts, downy.\p\B3\b \IChem.\i (of precipitates) loosely massed. \Bflocculence\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ifloccus\i \J\Xflock\x (2)\j\c
<hw>flocculus</hw> \K/"flQkjUl\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bflocculi\b \K/-lVI/, /-li:/\k)\p\B1\b a floccule.\p\B2\b \IAnat.\i a small ovoid lobe in the undersurface of the cerebellum.\p\B3\b \IAstron.\i a small cloudy wisp on the sun's surface. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin, diminutive of \J\Xfloccus\x\j\c
<hw>floccus</hw> \K/"flQk\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bflocci\b \K/"flQksVI/\k) a tuft of woolly hairs or filaments. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = \J\Xflock\x (2)\j\c
<hw>flock (1)</hw> \K/flQk/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IAgriculture Zool\i \Ba\b a number of animals of one kind, esp. birds, feeding, resting, or travelling together. \Bb\b a number of domestic animals, esp. sheep, goats, or geese, kept together.\p\B2\b a large crowd of people.\p\B3\b \Ba\b \IRelig\i a Christian congregation or body of believers, esp. in relation to one minister. \Bb\b a family of children, a number of pupils, etc. \Iv.intr.\i\p\B1\b congregate; mass.\p\B2\b \I(usu. foll. by \Bto,\b \Bin,\b \Bout,\b \Btogether)\b\i go together in a crowd; troop \3(thousands flocked to Wembley).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iflocc\i\c
<hw>flock (2)</hw> \K/flQk/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a lock or tuft of wool, cotton, etc.\p\B2\b \ITextiles\i \Ba\b \I(also in \Bpl.;\b\i \Ioften \Battrib.)\b\i material for quilting and stuffing made of wool refuse or torn-up cloth \3(a flock pillow).\c \Bb\b powdered wool or cloth. \Bflocky\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ifloc\i from Latin \Ifloccus\i\c
<hw>flock paper</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bflock wallpaper)\b wallpaper sized and sprinkled with powdered wool to make a raised pattern.
<hw>floe</hw> \K/fl\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeog\i a sheet of floating ice. \BEtymology:\b \3probably from Norwegian \Iflo,\i from Old Norse \Ifl≤\i 'layer'\c
<hw>flog</hw> \K/flQg/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B(flogged,\b \Bflogging)\b\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b beat with a whip, stick, etc. (as a punishment or to urge on). \Bb\b make work through violent effort \3(flogged the engine).\c\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \Islang\i \Ba\b \I(often foll. by \Boff)\b\i \BBrit.\b \ICommerce\i sell. \Bb\b offer for sale.\Ksense 2b new f. SOED, Incomings Nov 94\k\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Binto,\b \Bout of)\b\i drive (a quality, knowledge, etc.) into or out of a person, esp. by physical punishment.\p\B4\b \Iintr. & refl.\i \BBrit.\b \Islang\i proceed by violent or painful effort.\p\1flog a dead horse\c waste energy on something unalterable.\p\1flog to death\c \Icolloq.\i talk about or promote at tedious length. \Bflogger\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \317th-c.: probably imitative or from Latin \Iflagellare\i 'to whip'\c
<hw>flong</hw> \K/flQN/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPrinting\i prepared paper for making stereotype moulds. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Iflan\i \J\Xflan\x\j\c
<hw>flood</hw> \K/flVd/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b an overflowing or influx of water beyond its normal confines, esp. over land; an inundation. \Bb\b the water that overflows.\p\B2\b \Ba\b an outpouring of water; a torrent \3(a flood of rain).\c \Bb\b something resembling a torrent \3(a flood of tears;\c \2a flood of relief).\c\p\B3\b \INaut\i the inflow of the tide \I(also in \Bcomb.:\b\i \2flood tide).\c\p\B4\b \Icolloq.\i a floodlight.\p\B5\b \B(the Flood)\b \IRelig\i the flood described in Genesis.\p\B6\b \Ipoet.\i a river; a stream; a sea.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b cover with or overflow in a flood \3(rain flooded the cellar).\c \Bb\b overflow as if with a flood \3(the market was flooded with foreign goods).\c\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \IAgriculture\i irrigate \3(flooded the paddy fields).\c\p\B3\b \Itr.\i deluge (a burning house, a mine, etc.) with water.\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bin,\b \Bthrough)\b\i arrive in great quantities \3(complaints flooded in;\c \2fear flooded through them).\c\p\B5\b \Iintr.\i become inundated \3(the bathroom flooded).\c\p\B6\b \Itr.\i \IMech\i overfill (a carburettor) with petrol.\p\B7\b \Iintr.\i \IMed\i experience a uterine haemorrhage.\p\B8\b \Itr.\i (of rain etc.) fill (a river) to overflowing.\p\Bflood out\b drive out (of one's home etc.) with a flood. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iflod,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>flood and field</hw>\p\In.\i\psea and land.
<hw>floodgate</hw> \K/"flVdgeIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IEngin\i a gate opened or closed to admit or exclude water, esp. the lower gate of a lock.\p\B2\b \I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i a last restraint holding back tears, rain, anger, etc.
<hw>floodlight</hw> \K/"flVdlVIt/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\IElectr\i\p\B1\b a large powerful light (usu. one of several) to illuminate a building, sports ground, stage, etc.\p\B2\b the illumination so provided. \Iv.tr.\i \I(past\i and \Ipast part.\i \Bfloodlit)\b illuminate with floodlights.
<hw>flood tide</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAstron\i the periodical exceptional rise of the tide because of lunar or solar attraction.
<hw>flood water</hw>\p\In.\i\pthe water left by flooding.\Knew f. corpus Nov 93\k
<hw>floor</hw> \K/flO:/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBuilding\i \Ba\b the lower surface of a room. \Bb\b the boards etc. of which it is made.\p\B2\b \Ba\b the bottom of the sea, a cave, a cavity, etc. \Bb\b any level area.\p\B3\b all the rooms etc. on the same level of a building; a storey \3(lives on the ground floor;\c \2walked up to the sixth floor).\c\p\B4\b \Ba\b \ILaw\i (in a legislative assembly) the part of the house in which members sit and from which they speak. \Bb\b the right to speak next in debate \3(gave him the floor).\c\p\B5\b \IStock Exch.\i the large central hall where trading takes place.\p\B6\b \IEcon\i the minimum of prices, wages, etc.\p\B7\b \Icolloq.\i the ground. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b furnish with a floor; pave.\p\B2\b bring to the ground; knock (a person) down.\p\B3\b \Icolloq.\i confound, baffle \3(was floored by the puzzle).\c\p\B4\b \Icolloq.\i get the better of; overcome.\p\B5\b serve as the floor of \3(leopard skins floored the hall).\c\p\1from the floor\c (of a speech etc.) given by a member of the audience, not by those on the platform etc.\p\1take the floor\c\p\B1\b begin to dance on a dance floor etc.\p\B2\b speak in a debate. \Bfloorless\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iflor,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>floorboard</hw> \K/"flO:bO:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBuilding\i a long wooden board used for flooring.
<hw>floorcloth</hw> \K/"flO:klQT/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b a cloth for washing the floor.
<hw>floor exercises</hw> \In.pl.\i \IGymnastics\i (in gymnastics) a routine of exercises without equipment.\Knew f. NEWS Nov 93\k
<hw>flooring</hw> \K/"flO:rIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBuilding\i the boards etc. of which a floor is made.
<hw>floor lamp</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b \IFurniture\i a standard lamp.
<hw>floor leader</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BUS\b \ILaw\i the leader of a party in a legislative assembly.
<hw>floor-length</hw> \Iadj.\i \IClothing\i (esp. of clothing) reaching to the floor.\Knew f. corpus Nov 93\k
<hw>floor manager</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ITelev\i the stage manager of a television production.\p\B2\b \ICommerce\i a shopwalker.
<hw>floor plan</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IArchit.\i a diagram of the rooms etc. on one storey of a building.
<hw>floor polish</hw>\p\In.\i\pa manufactured substance used for polishing floors.\Kfurniture-polish?\k
<hw>floor show</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ITheatr\i an entertainment presented on the floor (as opposed to the stage) of a nightclub etc.
<hw>floorwalker</hw> \K/"flO:wO:k\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BUS\b \ICommerce\i a shopwalker.
<hw>floozie</hw> \K/"flu:zi/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bfloozy)\b \I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \Icolloq.\i a girl or a woman, esp. a disreputable one. \BEtymology:\b \320th c.: perhaps related to \J\Xflossy\x\j and dialect \Ifloosy\i 'fluffy'\c
<hw>flop</hw> \K/flQp/\k \Iv., n., & adv.\i \Iv.intr.\i \B(flopped,\b \Bflopping)\b\p\B1\b sway about heavily or loosely \3(hair flopped over his face).\c\p\B2\b move in an ungainly way \3(flopped along the beach in flippers).\c\p\B3\b \I(often foll. by \Bdown,\b \Bon,\b \Binto)\b\i sit, kneel, lie, or fall awkwardly or suddenly \3(flopped down on to the bench).\c\p\B4\b \Islang\i (esp. of a play, film, book, etc.) fail; collapse \3(flopped on Broadway).\c\p\B5\b \Islang\i sleep.\p\B6\b make a dull sound as of a soft body landing, or of a flat thing slapping water.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a flopping movement. \Bb\b the sound made by it.\p\B2\b \Islang\i a failure.\p\B3\b \Besp. US\b \Islang\i a place to sleep, esp. cheaply. \Iadv.\i with a flop. \BEtymology:\b \3variant of \J\Xflap\x\j\c
<hw>-flop</hw> \K/flQp/\k \Icomb. form\i \IComputing\i floating-point operations per second \3(megaflop).\c\Knew f. NSOED, OERD Jun 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3acronym, originally as \I-flops,\i but \Is\i for 'second' was taken as indicating a plural\c
<hw>flophouse</hw> \K/"flQphaUs/\k\p\In.\i\p\Islang\i \Besp. US\b a doss-house.
<hw>floppy</hw> \K/"flQpi/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i \B(floppier,\b \Bfloppiest)\b tending to flop; not firm or rigid.\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b (in full \Bfloppy disk)\b \IComputing\i a flexible removable magnetic disc for the storage of data. \Bfloppily\b \Iadv.\i \Bfloppiness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>floptical</hw> \K/"flQptIk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \IComputing\i \Ipropr.\i of, involving, or designed for a type of floppy disk drive using a laser to position the read-write head.\Knew f. Incs Oct 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3blend of \J\Xfloppy\x\j and \J\Xoptical\x\j\c
<hw>flor.</hw> \Iabbr.\i floruit.
<hw>flora</hw> \K/"flO:r\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bfloras\b or \Bflorae\b \K/-ri:/\k) \IBot\i\p\B1\b the plants of a particular region, geological period, or environment.\p\B2\b a treatise on or list of these. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from the name of the goddess of flowers, from Latin \Iflos floris\i 'flower'\c
<hw>floral</hw> \K/"flO:r(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of flowers.\p\B2\b decorated with or depicting flowers.\p\B3\b \IBot\i of flora or floras. \Bflorally\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ifloralis\i or \Iflos floris\i 'flower'\c
<hw>floreat</hw> \K/"flQrIat/\k \Iv.intr.\i may (he, she, or it) flourish. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, 3rd sing. present subjunctive of \Iflorere\i 'flourish'\c
<hw>Florence fennel</hw> \Isee\i \J\Xfennel\x 3.\j\Knew as hwd Sep 94\k
<hw>Florentine</hw> \K/"flQr(\F'\n)ntVIn/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of or relating to Florence in Italy.\p\B2\b \B(florentine \K/-ti:n/\k)\b \ICookery\i (of a dish) served on a bed of spinach.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPeople\i a native or citizen of Florence.\p\B2\b \ICookery\i a kind of biscuit consisting mainly of nuts and preserved fruit, coated on one side with chocolate.\Knew sense from NEWS, SOED, Nov 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3French \IFlorentin -ine\i or Latin \IFlorentinus\i from \IFlorentia\i 'Florence'\c
<hw>florescence</hw> \K/flO:"rEs(\F'\n)ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i the process, state, or time of flowering. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \Iflorescentia\i from Latin \Iflorescere,\i from \Iflorere\i 'bloom'\c
<hw>floret</hw> \K/"flQrIt/, /"flO:-/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBot.\i each of the small flowers making up a composite flower head.\p\B2\b \ICookery\i each of the flowering stems making up a head of cauliflower, broccoli, etc.\p\B3\b a small flower. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iflos floris\i 'flower'\c
<hw>floriate</hw> \K/"flO:rIeIt/\k \Iv.tr.\i decorate with flower-designs etc.
<hw>floribunda</hw> \K/flQrI"bVnd\F'\n/, /flO:-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a plant, esp. a rose, bearing dense clusters of flowers. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin from \Ifloribundus\i 'freely flowering', from Latin \Iflos floris\i 'flower', influenced by Latin \Iabundus\i 'copious'\c
<hw>floriculture</hw> \K/"flQrIkVltS\F'\n/, /"flO:-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i the cultivation of flowers. \Bfloricultural\b \K/-"kVltS(\F'\n)r(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i \Bfloriculturist\b \K/-"kVltS(\F'\n)rIst/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iflos floris\i 'flower' + \J\Xculture\x,\j on the pattern of \Ihorticulture\i\c
<hw>florid</hw> \K/"flQrId/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b ruddy; flushed; high-coloured \3(a florid complexion).\c\p\B2\b (of a book, a picture, music, architecture, etc.) elaborately ornate; ostentatious; showy.\p\B3\b adorned with or as with flowers; flowery. \Bfloridity\b \K/-"rIdIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bfloridly\b \Iadv.\i \Bfloridness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Ifloride\i or Latin \Ifloridus\i from \Iflos floris\i 'flower'\c
<hw>floriferous</hw> \K/flQ"rIf(\F'\n)r\F'\ns/, /flO:-/\k \Iadj.\i \IBot\i (of a seed or plant) producing many flowers. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iflorifer\i from \Iflos floris\i 'flower'\c
<hw>florilegium</hw> \K/flQrI"li:dZI\F'\nm/, /flO:-/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bflorilegia\b \K/-"li:dZI\F'\n/\k or \Bflorilegiums)\b \ILiterature\i an anthology. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin, from Latin \Iflos floris\i 'flower' + \Ilegere\i 'gather', translation of Greek \Ianthologion\i \J\Xanthology\x\j\c
<hw>florin</hw> \K/"flQrIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICurrency\i \Ihist.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a former British coin and monetary unit worth two shillings. \Bb\b an English gold coin of the 14th c., worth 6s. 8d.\p\B2\b a foreign coin of gold or silver, esp. a Dutch guilder. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French and Italian \Ifiorino,\i diminutive of \Ifiore\i 'flower', from Latin \Iflos floris,\i the original coin bearing a fleur-de-lis\c
<hw>florist</hw> \K/"flQrIst/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i a person who deals in or grows flowers. \Bfloristry\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iflos floris\i 'flower' + \J\X-ist\x\j\c
<hw>floristic</hw> \K/fl\F'\n"rIstIk/\k \Iadj.\i \IBot\i relating to the study of the distribution of plants. \Bfloristically\b \Iadv.\i \Bfloristics\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>floruit</hw> \K/"flQrUIt/, /"flO:r-/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.intr.\i (he or she) was alive and working; flourished (used of a person, esp. a painter, a writer, etc., whose exact dates are unknown).\p\In.\i\pthe period or date at which a person lived or worked. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = he or she flourished\c
<hw>floscular</hw> \K/"flQskjUl\F'\n/\k \Iadj.\i (also \Bflosculous\b \K/-kjUl\F'\ns/\k) \IBot.\i having florets or composite flowers. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iflosculus,\i diminutive of \Iflos\i 'flower'\c
<hw>floss</hw> \K/flQs/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool\i the rough silk enveloping a silkworm's cocoon.\p\B2\b \ITextiles\i untwisted silk thread used in embroidery.\p\B3\b \IDentistry\i = \J\Xdental floss\x.\j \Iv.tr.\i \I(also \Babsol.)\b\i \IDentistry\i clean (the teeth) with dental floss. \BEtymology:\b \3French \I(soie)\i \Ifloche\i 'floss (silk)' from Old French \Iflosche\i 'down, nap of velvet'\c
<hw>floss silk</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ITextiles\i a rough silk used in cheap goods.
<hw>flossy</hw> \K/"flQsi/\k \Iadj.\i \B(flossier,\b \Bflossiest)\b\p\B1\b of or like floss.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i fancy, showy.
<hw>flotation</hw> \K/fl\F'\nU"teIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bfloatation)\b\p\B1\b \ICommerce\i the process of launching or financing a commercial enterprise.\p\B2\b \IMineral\i the separation of the components of crushed ore etc. by their different capacities to float.\p\B3\b the capacity to float. \BEtymology:\b \3alteration of \Ifloatation\i from \J\Xfloat\x,\j on the pattern of \Irotation\i etc.\c
<hw>flotilla</hw> \K/fl\F'\n"tIl\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\INaut\i\p\B1\b a small fleet.\p\B2\b a fleet of boats or small ships. \BEtymology:\b \3Spanish, diminutive of \Iflota\i 'fleet', related to Old French \Iflote\i 'multitude', \Ifloter\i \J\Xfloat\x\j\c
<hw>flotsam</hw> \K/"flQts(\F'\n)m/\k\p\In.\i\p\INaut\i wreckage found floating \I(cf.\i \J\Xjetsam\x).\j \BEtymology:\b \3Anglo-French \Ifloteson\i from \Ifloter\i \J\Xfloat\x\j\c
<hw>flotsam and jetsam</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b odds and ends; rubbish.\p\B2\b vagrants etc.
<hw>flounce (1)</hw> \K/flaUns/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.intr.\i \I(often foll. by \Baway,\b \Babout,\b \Boff,\b \Bout)\b\i go or move with an agitated, violent, or impatient motion \3(flounced out in a huff).\c\p\In.\i\pa flouncing movement. \BEtymology:\b \316th c.: origin unknown: perhaps imitative, as \Ibounce,\i \Ipounce\i\c
<hw>flounce (2)</hw> \K/flaUns/\k \In. & v.\i \IClothing Needlework\i\p\In.\i\pa wide ornamental strip of material gathered and sewn to a skirt, dress, etc.; a frill. \Iv.tr.\i trim with a flounce or flounces. \BEtymology:\b \3alteration of earlier \Ifrounce\i 'fold, pleat', from Old French \Ifronce\i from \Ifroncir\i 'wrinkle'\c
<hw>flounder (1)</hw> \K/"flaUnd\F'\n/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.intr.\i\p\B1\b struggle in mud, or as if in mud, or when wading.\p\B2\b perform a task badly or without knowledge; be out of one's depth.\p\In.\i\pan act of floundering. \Bflounderer\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3imitative: perhaps associated with \Ifounder,\i \Iblunder\i\c
<hw>flounder (2)</hw> \K/"flaUnd\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i\p\B1\b a small edible flatfish, Pleuronectes flesus, of European coastal waters.\p\B2\b any small flatfish of the family Pleuronectidae or Bothidae. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Anglo-French \Ifloundre,\i Old French \Iflondre,\i probably of Scandinavian origin\c
<hw>flour</hw> \K/"flaU\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IFood\i a meal or powder obtained by grinding and usu. sifting cereals, esp. wheat.\p\B2\b any fine powder. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b sprinkle or coat with flour.\p\B2\b \BUS\b grind into flour. \Bfloury\b \Iadj.\i \B(flourier,\b \Bflouriest).\b \Bflouriness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, differentiated spelling of \J\Xflower\x\j in the sense 'finest part'\c
<hw>flourish</hw> \K/"flVrIS/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \Ba\b grow vigorously; thrive. \Bb\b prosper; be successful. \Bc\b be in one's prime. \Bd\b be in good health.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Bin,\b \Bat,\b \Babout)\b\i spend one's life; be active (at a specified time) \3(flourished in the Middle Ages)\c \I(cf.\i \J\Xfloruit\x).\j\p\B3\b \Itr.\i show ostentatiously \3(flourished his chequebook).\c\p\B4\b \Itr.\i wave (a weapon, one's limbs, etc.) vigorously.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an ostentatious gesture with a weapon, a hand, etc. \3(removed his hat with a flourish).\c\p\B2\b an ornamental curving decoration of handwriting.\p\B3\b a florid verbal expression; a rhetorical embellishment.\p\B4\b \IMus.\i \Ba\b a fanfare played by brass instruments. \Bb\b an ornate musical passage. \Bc\b an extemporized addition played esp. at the beginning or end of a composition.\p\B5\b \Iarchaic\i an instance of prosperity; a flourishing. \Bflourisher\b\p\In.\i\p\Kflourishy omitted Nov 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iflorir,\i ultimately via Latin \Iflorere\i from \Iflos floris\i 'flower'\c
<hw>flout</hw> \K/flaUt/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i express contempt for (the law, rules, etc.) by word or action; mock; insult \3(flouted convention by shaving her head).\c\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bat)\b\i mock or scoff.\p\In.\i\pa flouting speech or act. \BEtymology:\b \3perhaps from Dutch \Ifluiten\i 'whistle, hiss'\c \IFlout\i should not be confused with \Iflaunt,\i which means 'to display proudly, show off'.
<hw>flow</hw> \K/fl\F'\nU/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.intr.\i\p\B1\b glide along as a stream \3(the Thames flows under London Bridge).\c\p\B2\b \Ba\b (of a liquid, esp. water) gush out; spring. \Bb\b (of blood, liquid, etc.) be spilt.\p\B3\b (of blood, money, electric current, etc.) circulate.\p\B4\b (of people or things) come or go in large numbers or smoothly \3(traffic flowed down the hill).\c\p\B5\b (of talk, literary style, etc.) proceed easily and smoothly.\p\B6\b (of a garment, hair, etc.) hang easily or gracefully; undulate.\p\B7\b \I(often foll. by \Bfrom)\b\i result from; be caused by \3(his failure flows from his diffidence).\c\p\B8\b (esp. of the tide) be in flood; run full.\p\B9\b (of wine) be poured out copiously.\p\B10\b \IMineral Metallurgy\i (of a rock or metal) undergo a permanent change of shape under stress.\p\B11\b \I(foll. by \Bwith)\b\i \Iarchaic\i be plentifully supplied with \3(land flowing with milk and honey).\c\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a flowing movement in a stream. \Bb\b the manner in which a thing flows \3(a sluggish flow).\c \Bc\b a flowing liquid \3(couldn't stop the flow).\c \Bd\b a copious outpouring; a stream \3(a continuous flow of complaints).\c\p\B2\b the rise of a tide or a river \3(ebb and flow).\c\p\B3\b \IMineral Metallurgy\i the gradual deformation of a rock or metal under stress.\p\B4\b \BSc.\b a bog or morass.\p\1go with the flow\c be relaxed and not resist the tide of events.\Kgo with the flow new f. incomings Feb 95\k\Kflow of spirits omitted Nov 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iflowan\i from Germanic, related to \J\Xflood\x\j\c
<hw>flow chart</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a diagram of the movement or action of things or persons engaged in a complex activity.\p\B2\b \IComputing\i a graphical representation of a computer program in relation to its sequence of functions (as distinct from the data it processes).
<hw>flower</hw> \K/"flaU\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i \IBot\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBot.\i \Ba\b the reproductive organ in a plant containing one or more pistils or stamens or both, and usu. a corolla and calyx, and from which the fruit or seed develops. \Bb\b such an organ when brightly coloured and conspicuous; a blossom, a bloom. \Bc\b a blossom on a cut stem, used in bunches for decoration.\p\B2\b a plant cultivated or noted for its flowers.\p\B3\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i ornamental phrases \3(flowers of speech).\c\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i (of a plant) produce flowers; bloom or blossom.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i reach a peak.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i cause or allow (a plant) to flower.\p\B4\b \Itr.\i decorate with worked flowers or a floral design.\p\1the flower of\c the best or best part of.\p\1in flower\c with the flowers out. \Bflowered\b \Iadj.\i \I(also in \Bcomb.).\b\i \Bflowerless\b \Iadj.\i \Bflower-like\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Anglo-French \Iflur,\i Old French \Iflour,\i \Iflor,\i from Latin \Iflos floris\i\c
<hw>flower bed</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IHort\i a garden bed in which flowers are grown.
<hw>flowerer</hw> \K/"flaU\F'\nr\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a plant that flowers at a specified time \3(a late flowerer).\c
<hw>floweret</hw> \K/"flaU\F'\nrIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a small flower.
<hw>flower girl</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b a woman or girl who sells flowers, esp. in the street.
<hw>flowering</hw> \K/"flaU\F'\nrIN/\k \Iadj.\i \IBot\i\p\B1\b (of a plant) in bloom.\Ksense 1 new f. DBS Jun 94\k\p\B2\b capable of producing flowers, esp. in contrast to a similar plant with the flowers inconspicuous or absent.
<hw>flowering plant</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot.\i an angiosperm.\Knew f. OERD Jun 94\k
<hw>flower people</hw> \In.pl.\i \ISociol\i \Ihist.\i hippies carrying or wearing flowers as symbols of peace and love.
<hw>flowerpot</hw> \K/"flaU\F'\npQt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IHort\i a pot in which a plant may be grown.
<hw>flower power</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ISociol\i \Ihist.\i the ideas of the flower people regarded as an instrument in changing the world.
<hw>flowers of sulphur</hw> \In.pl.\i \IChem.\i a fine powder produced when sulphur evaporates and condenses.
<hw>flowers of zinc</hw> \In.pl.\i = \J\Xzinc oxide\x.\j
<hw>flowery</hw> \K/"flaU\F'\nri/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b decorated with flowers or floral designs.\p\B2\b (of literary style, manner of speech, etc.) high-flown; ornate.\p\B3\b full of flowers \3(a flowery meadow).\c \Bfloweriness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>flowing</hw> \K/"fl\F'\nUIN/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b (of literary style etc.) fluent; easy.\p\B2\b (of a line, a curve, or a contour) smoothly continuous, not abrupt.\p\B3\b (of hair, a garment, a sail, etc.) unconfined. \Bflowingly\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>flowing sheet</hw>\p\In.\i\p\INaut.\i a sheet eased for free movement in the wind.
<hw>flowmeter</hw> \K/"fl\F'\nUmi:t\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISci\i an instrument for measuring the rate of flow of water, gas, fuel, etc., esp. in a pipe.\Knew f.NSOED, Coll. Jan 94\k
<hw>flow-on</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BAustral.\b \ICommerce\i a wage or salary adjustment made as a consequence of one already made in a similar or related occupation.
<hw>fluctuate</hw> \K/"flVktSUeIt/, /-tjU-/\k \Iv.intr.\i vary irregularly; be unstable, vacillate; rise and fall, move to and fro. \Bfluctuation\b \K/-"eIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ifluctuare,\i via \Ifluctus\i 'flow, wave' from \Ifluere fluct-\i 'flow'\c
<hw>flue</hw> \K/flu:/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a smoke-duct in a chimney.\p\B2\b a channel for conveying heat, esp. a hot-air passage in a wall; a tube for heating water in some kinds of boiler. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English: origin unknown\c
<hw>flue-cure</hw> \Iv.tr.\i cure (tobacco) by artificial heat from flues.
<hw>fluence</hw> \K/"flu:\F'\nns/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i influence.\p\1put the fluence on\c apply hypnotic etc. power to (a person). \BEtymology:\b \3shortening of \J\Xinfluence\x\j\c
<hw>fluency</hw> \K/"flu:\F'\nnsi/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a smooth, easy flow, esp. in speech or writing.\p\B2\b a ready command of words or of a specified foreign language.
<hw>fluent</hw> \K/"flu:\F'\nnt/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b (of speech or literary style) flowing naturally and readily. \Bb\b having command of a foreign language \3(is fluent in German).\c \Bc\b able to speak quickly and easily.\p\B2\b flowing easily or gracefully \3(the fluent line of her arabesque).\c\p\B3\b \Iarchaic\i liable to change; unsettled. \Bfluently\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ifluere\i 'flow'\c
<hw>flue pipe</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMus\i an organ pipe into which the air enters directly, not striking a reed.
<hw>fluff</hw> \K/flVf/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b soft, light, feathery material coming off blankets etc.\p\B2\b soft fur or feathers.\p\B3\b \Islang\i \Ba\b \ITheatr. etc.\i a mistake in delivering theatrical lines, in playing music, etc. \Bb\b a mistake in playing a game.\p\B4\b something insubstantial or trifling, esp. sentimental writing.\Ksense new from NEWS Nov 93\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr. & intr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bup)\b\i shake into or become a soft mass.\p\B2\b \Itr. & intr.\i \Icolloq.\i make a mistake in (a theatrical part, a game, playing music, a speech, etc.); blunder \3(fluffed his opening line).\c\p\B3\b \Itr.\i make into fluff.\p\B4\b \Itr.\i \ILeather\i put a soft surface on (the flesh side of leather).\p\1bit of fluff\c \Islang\i \Ioffens.\i a woman regarded as an object of sexual desire. \BEtymology:\b \3probably dialect alteration of \Iflue\i 'fluff'\c
<hw>fluffy</hw> \K/"flVfi/\k \Iadj.\i \B(fluffier,\b \Bfluffiest)\b\p\B1\b of or like fluff.\p\B2\b covered in fluff; downy. \Bfluffily\b \Iadv.\i \Bfluffiness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>flugelhorn</hw> \K/"flu:g(\F'\n)lhO:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMus\i a valved brass wind instrument like a cornet but with a broader tone. \BEtymology:\b \3German \IFlⁿgelhorn,\i from \IFlⁿgel\i 'wing' + \IHorn\i 'horn'\c
<hw>fluid</hw> \K/"flu:Id/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPhysics\i a substance, esp. a gas or liquid, lacking definite shape and capable of flowing and yielding to the slightest pressure.\p\B2\b a fluid part or secretion. \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b able to flow and alter shape freely.\p\B2\b constantly changing or fluctuating \3(the situation is fluid).\c\p\B3\b \IMech\i (of a clutch, coupling, etc.) in which liquid is used to transmit power. \Bfluidify\b \K/-"IdIfVI/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(-ies,\b \B-ied).\b \Bfluidity\b \K/-"IdIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bfluidly\b \Iadv.\i \Bfluidness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3French \Ifluide\i or Latin \Ifluidus\i from \Ifluere\i 'flow'\c
<hw>fluidics</hw> \K/flu:"IdIks/\k \In.pl.\i \I(usu. treated as \Bsing.)\b\i \IPhysics\i the study and technique of using small interacting flows and fluid jets for functions usu. performed by electronic devices. \Bfluidic\b \Iadj.\i
<hw>fluidize</hw> \K/"flu:IdVIz/\k \Iv.tr.\i (also \B-ise)\b \IPhysics\i cause (a finely divided solid) to acquire the characteristics of a fluid by the upward passage of a gas etc. \Bfluidization\b \K/-"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>fluidized bed</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IChem Industry\i a layer of a fluidized solid, used in chemical processes and in the efficient burning of coal for power generation.\Knew f. Coll., corpus Jan 94\k
<hw>fluid mechanics</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ISci\i the study of forces and flow within fluids.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Jan 94\k
<hw>fluid ounce</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMeasure\i\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b a unit of capacity equal to one-twentieth of a pint (approx. 0.028 litre).\p\B2\b (also \Bfluidounce)\b \BUS\b a unit of capacity equal to one-sixteenth of a US pint (approx. 0.03 litre).
<hw>fluidram</hw> \K/"flu:Idram/\k\p\In.\i\p\BUS\b \ISci.\i a fluid drachm (see \J\Xdrachm\x).\j
<hw>fluke (1)</hw> \K/flu:k/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a lucky accident \3(won by a fluke).\c\p\B2\b \IMeteorol\i a chance breeze. \Iv.tr.\i achieve by a fluke \3(fluked that shot).\c \BEtymology:\b \319th c.: perhaps from dialect \Ifluke\i 'guess'\c
<hw>fluke (2)</hw> \K/flu:k/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IZool\i any parasitic flatworm of the class Trematoda, esp. of the subclass Digenea, including liver flukes and blood flukes.\p\B2\b \IZool\i a flatfish, esp. a flounder. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ifloc\i\c
<hw>fluke (3)</hw> \K/flu:k/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \INaut.\i a broad triangular plate on the arm of an anchor.\p\B2\b the barbed head of a lance, harpoon, etc.\p\B3\b \IZool.\i either of the lobes of a whale's tail. \BEtymology:\b \316th c.: perhaps from \J\Xfluke\x (2)\j\c
<hw>fluky</hw> \K/"flu:ki/\k \Iadj.\i \B(flukier,\b \Bflukiest)\b of the nature of a fluke; obtained more by chance than skill. \Bflukily\b \Iadv.\i \Bflukiness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>flume</hw> \K/flu:m/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IEngin\i an artificial channel conveying water etc. for industrial use.\p\B2\b a ravine with a stream.\p\B3\b a water chute or water slide at an amusement park or swimming pool.\Ksense 3 new from NEWS Nov 93\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i build flumes.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i convey down a flume. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iflum,\i \Iflun\i from Latin \Iflumen\i 'river', from \Ifluere\i 'flow'\c
<hw>flummery</hw> \K/"flVm(\F'\n)ri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b empty compliments; trifles; nonsense.\p\B2\b \ICookery\i a sweet dish made with beaten eggs, sugar, etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Welsh \Illymru,\i of unknown origin\c
<hw>flump</hw> \K/flVmp/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\I(often foll. by \Bdown)\b\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i fall or move heavily.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i set or throw down with a heavy thud.\p\In.\i\pthe action or sound of flumping. \BEtymology:\b \3imitative\c
<hw>flung</hw> \I\Ipast\i and \Ipast part.\i of\i \J\Xfling\x.\j
<hw>flunk</hw> \K/flVNk/\k \Iv. & n.\i \IEducation etc.\i \Icolloq.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b fail (an examination etc.). \Bb\b fail (an examination candidate).\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bout)\b\i fail utterly; give up.\p\In.\i\pan instance of flunking.\p\Bflunk out\b be dismissed from school etc. after failing an examination. \BEtymology:\b \3cf. \J\Xfunk\x (1)\j and obsolete \Iflink\i 'be a coward'\c
<hw>flunkey</hw> \K/"flVNki/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bflunky)\b \I(pl.\i \B-eys\b or \B-ies)\b usu. \Iderog.\i\p\B1\b a liveried servant; a footman.\p\B2\b a toady; a snob.\p\B3\b \BUS\b a person who does menial work. \Bflunkeyism\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \318th c. (originally Scots): perhaps from \J\Xflank\x\j with the sense 'sidesman, flanker'\c
<hw>fluoresce</hw> \K/flU\F'\n"rEs/, /flO:-/\k \Iv.intr.\i \IPhysics\i be or become fluorescent.
<hw>fluorescein</hw> \K/"flU\F'\nr\F'\nsi:n/, /-sIn/, /"flO:-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem.\i an orange dye with a yellowish-green fluorescence, used in solution as an indicator in biochemistry and medicine.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Jan 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xfluorescence\x\j + \J\X-in\x\j\c
<hw>fluorescence</hw> \K/flU\F'\n"rEs(\F'\n)ns/, /flO:-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i\p\B1\b the visible or invisible radiation produced from certain substances as a result of incident radiation of a shorter wavelength as X-rays, ultraviolet light, etc.\p\B2\b the property of absorbing light of short (invisible) wavelength and emitting light of longer (visible) wavelength. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xfluorspar\x\j (which fluoresces), on the pattern of \Iopalescence\i\c
<hw>fluorescent</hw> \K/flU\F'\n"rEs(\F'\n)nt/, /flO:-/\k \Iadj.\i \IPhysics\i (of a substance) having or showing fluorescence.
<hw>fluorescent lamp</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bfluorescent bulb)\b \IElectr.\i a lamp or bulb radiating largely by fluorescence, esp. a tubular lamp in which phosphor on the inside surface of the tube is made to fluoresce by ultraviolet radiation from mercury vapour.
<hw>fluorescent screen</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMed.\i a screen coated with fluorescent material to show images from X-rays etc.
<hw>fluoridate</hw> \K/"flU\F'\nrIdeIt/, /"flO:-/\k \Iv.tr.\i \IChem\i add traces of fluoride to (drinking water etc.).
<hw>fluoridation</hw> \K/flU\F'\nrI"deIS(\F'\n)n/, /flO:-/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bfluoridization\b \K/-dVI"zeIS(\F'\n)n/\k) \IChem\i the addition of traces of fluoride to drinking water in order to prevent or reduce tooth decay.
<hw>fluoride</hw> \K/"flU\F'\nrVId/, /flO:-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i any binary compound of fluorine.
<hw>fluorinate</hw> \K/"flU\F'\nrIneIt/, /"flO:-/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \IChem\i = \J\Xfluoridate\x.\j\p\B2\b \IChem\i introduce fluorine into (a compound) \3(fluorinated hydrocarbons).\c \Bfluorination\b \K/-"neIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p
<hw>fluorine</hw> \K/"flU\F'\nri:n/, /"flO:-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i a poisonous pale yellow gaseous element of the halogen group occurring naturally in fluorite and cryolite, and the most reactive of all elements (symbol \BF).\b\Ksymb\k \BEtymology:\b \3French (as \J\Xfluorspar\x)\j\c
<hw>fluorite</hw> \K/"flU\F'\nrVIt/, /"flO:-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMineral\i a mineral form of calcium fluoride. \BEtymology:\b \3Italian (as \J\Xfluorspar\x)\j\c
<hw>fluorocarbon</hw> \K/flU\F'\nr\F'\n(U)"kA:b(\F'\n)n/, /flO:-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IChem\i a compound formed by replacing one or more of the hydrogen atoms in a hydrocarbon with fluorine atoms.
<hw>fluoroscope</hw> \K/"flU\F'\nr\F'\nsk\F'\nUp/, /"flO:-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i an instrument with a fluorescent screen on which X-ray images may be viewed without taking and developing X-ray photographs.
<hw>fluorosis</hw> \K/flU\F'\n"r\F'\nUsIs/, /flO:-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i poisoning by fluorine or its compounds. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ifluorose\i (as \J\Xfluoro-\x 1)\j\c
<hw>fluorspar</hw> \K/"flU\F'\nspA:/, /"flO:-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMineral\i = \J\Xfluorite\x.\j \BEtymology:\b \3\Ifluor\i 'a flow, a mineral used as a flux, fluorspar', from Latin \Ifluor,\i from \Ifluere\i 'flow' + \J\Xspar\x (3)\j\c
<hw>flurry</hw> \K/"flVri/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b a gust or squall (of snow or \BBrit.\b rain etc.).\p\B2\b a sudden burst of activity.\p\B3\b a commotion; excitement; nervous agitation \3(a flurry of speculation;\c \2the flurry of the city).\c \Iv.tr.\i \B(-ies,\b \B-ied)\b confuse by haste or noise; agitate. \BEtymology:\b \3imitative: cf. obsolete \Iflurr\i 'ruffle', \Ihurry\i\c
<hw>flush (1)</hw> \K/flVS/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \Ba\b blush, redden \3(he flushed with embarrassment).\c \Bb\b glow with a warm colour \3(sky flushed pink).\c\p\B2\b \Itr.\i (usu. as \Bflushed\b \Iadj.)\i cause to glow or blush \I(often foll. by \Bwith:\b\i \2flushed with pride).\c\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b cleanse (a drain, lavatory, etc.) by a rushing flow of water. \Bb\b \I(often foll. by \Baway,\b \Bdown)\b\i dispose of (an object) in this way \3(flushed away the cigarette).\c\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i rush out, spurt.\p\B5\b \Itr.\i flood \3(the river flushed the meadow).\c\p\B6\b \Iintr.\i \IBot\i (of a plant) throw out fresh shoots.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b a blush. \Bb\b a glow of light or colour.\p\B2\b \Ba\b a rush of water. \Bb\b the cleansing of a drain, lavatory, etc. by flushing.\p\B3\b \Ba\b a rush of emotion. \Bb\b the elation produced by a victory etc. \3(the flush of triumph).\c\p\B4\b sudden abundance.\p\B5\b freshness; vigour \3(in the first flush of womanhood).\c\p\B6\b \IMed\i \Ba\b (in full \Bhot flush)\b a sudden feeling of heat during the menopause. \Bb\b a feverish temperature. \Bc\b facial redness, esp. caused by fever, alcohol, etc.\p\B7\b \IBot\i a fresh growth of grass etc. \Bflusher\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, perhaps = \J\Xflush\x (4),\j influenced by \Iflash\i and \Iblush\i\c
<hw>flush (2)</hw> \K/flVS/\k \Iadj. & v.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bwith)\b\i in the same plane; level; even \3(the sink is flush with the cooker;\c \2fitted it flush with the wall).\c\p\B2\b \I(usu. \Bpredic.)\b\i \Icolloq.\i \Ba\b having plenty of money. \Bb\b (of money) abundant, plentiful.\p\B3\b full to overflowing; in flood. \Iv.tr.\i \ICarpentry Building\i\p\B1\b make (surfaces) level.\p\B2\b fill in (a joint) level with a surface. \Bflushness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3probably from \J\Xflush\x (1)\j\c
<hw>flush (3)</hw> \K/flVS/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICards\i a hand of cards all of one suit, esp. in poker. \BEtymology:\b \3Old French \Iflus,\i \Iflux\i from Latin \Ifluxus\i \J\Xflux\x\j\c
<hw>flush (4)</hw> \K/flVS/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \IHunting\i cause (esp. a game bird) to fly up from cover.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i (of a bird) fly up and away.\p\Bflush out\b\p\B1\b reveal.\p\B2\b drive out. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, imitative: cf. \Ifly,\i \Irush\i\c
<hw>fluster</hw> \K/"flVst\F'\n/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr. & intr.\i make or become nervous or confused; flurry \3(was flustered by the noise;\c \2he flusters easily).\c\p\B2\b \Itr.\i confuse with drink; half-intoxicate.\p\B3\b \Iintr.\i bustle.\p\In.\i\pa confused or agitated state. \BEtymology:\b \317th c.: origin unknown: perhaps related to Icelandic \Iflaustr(a)\i 'hurry, bustle'\c
<hw>flute</hw> \K/flu:t/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMus\i \Ba\b a high-pitched wind instrument of metal or wood in which the air is directed against a fixed edge, and having holes along it stopped by the fingers or keys, esp. (in full \Btransverse flute)\b the modern orchestral instrument, with a mouthpiece on the side near one end. \Bb\b an organ stop having a similar sound. \Bc\b a flute-player.\p\B2\b \Ba\b \IArchit.\i an ornamental vertical groove in a column. \Bb\b \IClothing\i a trumpet-shaped frill on a dress etc. \Bc\b any similar cylindrical groove.\p\B3\b \IDrink\i a tall narrow wine glass.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i play the flute.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i speak, sing, or whistle in a fluting way.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i make flutes or grooves in.\p\B4\b \Itr.\i play (a tune etc.) on a flute. \Bflutelike\b \Iadj.\i \Bfluting\b\p\In.\i\p\Bflutist\b\p\In.\i\p\BUS\b \I(cf.\i \J\Xflautist\x).\j \Bfluty\b \Iadj.\i (in sense 1a of \In.).\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iflδute,\i \IflΣute,\i \Iflahute,\i probably from Provenτal \IflΣut\i\c
<hw>flutter</hw> \K/"flVt\F'\n/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \Iintr.\i flap the wings in flying or trying to fly \3(butterflies fluttered in the sunshine).\c \Bb\b \Itr.\i flap (the wings).\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i fall with a quivering motion \3(leaves fluttered to the ground).\c\p\B3\b \Iintr. & tr.\i move or cause to move irregularly or tremblingly \3(the wind fluttered the flag).\c\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i go about restlessly; flit; hover.\p\B5\b \Itr.\i agitate, confuse.\p\B6\b \Iintr.\i \IMed\i (of a pulse or heartbeat) beat feebly or irregularly.\p\B7\b \Iintr.\i tremble with excitement or agitation.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b the act of fluttering. \Bb\b an instance of this.\p\B2\b a state of tremulous excitement; a sensation \3(was in a flutter;\c \2caused a flutter with his behaviour).\c\p\B3\b \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i a small bet, esp. on a horse.\p\B4\b \IMed\i an abnormally rapid but regular heartbeat.\p\B5\b \IAeron.\i an undesired oscillation in a part of an aircraft etc. under stress.\p\B6\b \IMus.\i a rapid movement of the tongue (as when rolling one's \Ir\is) in playing a wind instrument.\p\B7\b \IElectronics\i a rapid variation of pitch, esp. of recorded sound \I(cf.\i \J\Xwow\x (2)).\j\p\B8\b a vibration.\p\1flutter the dovecots\c cause alarm among normally imperturbable people. \Bflutterer\b\p\In.\i\p\Bfluttery\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ifloterian,\i \Iflotorian,\i frequentative form related to \J\Xfleet\x (5)\j\c
<hw>fluvial</hw> \K/"flu:vI\F'\nl/\k \Iadj.\i \I\Iesp.\i Geol\i of or found in a river or rivers. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Ifluvialis,\i via \Ifluvius\i 'river' from \Ifluere\i 'flow'\c
<hw>fluviatile</hw> \K/"flu:vI\F'\ntVIl/\k \Iadj.\i \IGeog. etc.\i of, found in, or produced by a river or rivers. \BEtymology:\b \3French from Latin \Ifluviatilis,\i via \Ifluviatus\i 'moistened' from \Ifluvius\i 'river'\c
<hw>fluvio-</hw> \K/"flu:vI\F'\nU/\k \Icomb. form\i \IGeog\i river \3(fluviometer).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ifluvius\i 'river' from \Ifluere\i 'flow'\c
<hw>fluvioglacial</hw> \K/flu:vI\F'\nU"gleIS(\F'\n)l/, /-sI\F'\nl/\k \Iadj.\i \IGeol.\i of or caused by streams from glacial ice, or the combined action of rivers and glaciers.
<hw>fluviometer</hw> \K/flu:vI"QmIt\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeog\i an instrument for measuring the rise and fall of rivers.
<hw>flux</hw> \K/flVks/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a process of flowing or flowing out.\p\B2\b an issue or discharge.\p\B3\b continuous change \3(in a state of flux).\c\p\B4\b \IMetallurgy\i \IPhysics\i a substance mixed with a metal etc. to promote fusion.\p\B5\b \IPhysics\i \Ba\b the rate of flow of any fluid across a given area. \Bb\b the amount of fluid crossing an area in a given time.\p\B6\b \IPhysics\i the amount of radiation or particles incident on an area in a given time.\p\B7\b \IElectr.\i the total electric or magnetic field passing through a surface.\p\B8\b \IMed.\i an abnormal discharge of blood or excrement from the body.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr. & intr.\i make or become fluid.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b fuse. \Bb\b treat with a fusing flux. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iflux\i or Latin \Ifluxus\i from \Ifluere flux-\i 'flow'\c
<hw>fluxion</hw> \K/"flVkS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMath.\i the rate at which a variable quantity changes; a derivative. \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ifluxion\i or Latin \Ifluxio\i (as \J\Xflux\x)\j\c
<hw>fly (1)</hw> \K/flVI/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B(flies;\b \Ipast\i \Bflew\b \K/flu:/\k; \Ipast part.\i \Bflown\b \K/fl\F'\nUn/\k)\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i move through the air under control, esp. with wings.\p\B2\b (of an aircraft or its occupants): \Ba\b \Iintr.\i travel through the air or through space. \Bb\b \Itr.\i traverse (a region or distance) \3(flew the Channel).\c\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b control the flight of (esp. an aircraft). \Bb\b transport in an aircraft.\p\B4\b \Ba\b \Itr.\i cause to fly or remain aloft. \Bb\b \Iintr.\i (of a flag, hair, etc.) wave or flutter.\p\B5\b \Iintr.\i pass or rise quickly through the air or over an obstacle.\p\B6\b \Iintr.\i go or move quickly; pass swiftly \3(time flies).\c\p\B7\b \Iintr.\i \Ba\b flee. \Bb\b \Icolloq.\i depart hastily.\p\B8\b \Iintr.\i be driven or scattered; be forced off suddenly \3(sent me flying;\c \2the door flew open).\c\p\B9\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Bat,\b \Bupon)\b\i \Ba\b hasten or spring violently. \Bb\b attack or criticize fiercely.\p\B10\b \Itr.\i flee from; escape in haste.\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b \I\B(Brit.\b usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i \IClothing\i \Ba\b a flap on a garment, esp. trousers, to contain or cover a fastening. \Bb\b this fastening.\p\B2\b a flap at the entrance of a tent.\p\B3\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \ITheatr\i the space over the proscenium in a theatre.\p\B4\b the act or an instance of flying.\p\B5\b \I(pl.\i usu. \Bflys)\b \BBrit.\b \ITransport\i \Ihist.\i a one-horse hackney carriage.\p\B6\b \IMech\i a speed-regulating device in clockwork and machinery.\p\Bfly high\b\p\B1\b pursue a high ambition.\p\B2\b excel, prosper.\p\1fly in the face of\c openly disregard or disobey; conflict roundly with (probability, the evidence, etc.).\p\1fly into a rage\c (or \Btemper\b etc.) become suddenly or violently angry.\p\1fly a kite\c\p\B1\b try something out; test public opinion.\p\B2\b \ICommerce\i raise money by an accommodation bill.\p\1fly off the handle\c \Icolloq.\i lose one's temper suddenly and unexpectedly. \Bflyable\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ifleogan,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>fly (2)</hw> \K/flVI/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bflies)\b \IZool\i\p\B1\b any insect of the order Diptera, with one pair of usu. transparent wings.\p\B2\b any other winged insect, e.g. a firefly or mayfly.\p\B3\b a disease of plants or animals caused by flies \I(usu. with a qualifying word:\i \2potato-fly).\c\p\B4\b \IFishing\i a natural or artificial fly used as bait in fishing.\p\1fly in the ointment\c a minor irritation that spoils enjoyment.\p\1fly on the wall\c an unnoticed observer.\p\1like flies\c in large numbers (usu. of people dying in an epidemic etc.).\p\1no flies on\c \Icolloq.\i nothing to diminish (a person's) astuteness. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iflyge,\i \Ifleoge,\i from West Germanic\c
<hw>fly (3)</hw> \K/flVI/\k \Iadj.\i \B(flyer,\b \Bflyest)\b\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b \Islang\i knowing, clever, alert.\p\B2\b \BN. Amer.\b \Islang\i stylish; good-looking.\Knew in COD9 f. NEWS Feb 94\k \Bflyness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \319th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>fly agaric</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a poisonous fungus, Amanita muscaria, forming bright red mushrooms with white flecks.
<hw>flyaway</hw> \K/"flVI\F'\nweI/\k \Iadj.\i (of hair etc.) tending to fly out or up; streaming.
<hw>flyblown</hw> \K/"flVIbl\F'\nUn/\k \Iadj.\i tainted, esp. by flies.
<hw>fly boy</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b \IAeron\i \Islang\i a pilot, esp. one in the Air Force.\Knew in COD9 f. Incomings, OED2 Feb 94\k
<hw>fly-by</hw>\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-bys)\b \IAstronaut\i a flight past a position, esp. the approach of a spacecraft to a planet for observation.
<hw>fly-by-wire</hw>\p\In.\i\p\I(often \Battrib.)\b\i \IAeron\i a semi-automatic and usu. computer-regulated system for controlling the flight of an aircraft, spacecraft, etc.\Knew f. OERD Jun 94\k
<hw>flycatcher</hw> \K/"flVIkatS\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i any of various passerine birds catching flying insects esp. in short flights from a perch, esp. of the family Muscicapidae, Tyrannidae \B(tyrant flycatcher),\b and Monarchidae \B(monarch flycatcher).\b
<hw>fly-drive</hw> \Iadj., n., & v.\i \Iattrib.adj.\i designating a holiday which combines the cost of the flight and of car rental.\p\In.\i\psuch a holiday. \Iv.intr.\i take such a holiday.\Knew from corpus Nov 93\k
<hw>flyer</hw> \K/"flVI\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bflier)\b\p\B1\b \IAeron\i an airman or airwoman.\p\B2\b a thing that flies in a specified way \3(a poor flyer).\c\p\B3\b \Icolloq.\i a fast-moving animal or vehicle.\p\B4\b an ambitious or outstanding person; an outstanding thing.\p\B5\b a small handbill.\p\B6\b \BUS\b \ICommerce\i a speculative investment.\p\B7\b a flying jump.
<hw>fly-fish</hw> \Iv.intr.\i \IFishing\i fish with a fly.
<hw>fly-half</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IRugby\i a stand-off half.
<hw>flying</hw> \K/"flVIIN/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b fluttering or waving in the air; hanging loose.\p\B2\b hasty, brief \3(a flying visit).\c\p\B3\b designed for rapid movement.\p\B4\b \IZool\i (of an animal) able to make very long leaps by using winglike membranes etc.\p\In.\i\pflight, esp. in an aircraft.\p\1with flying colours\c with distinction.
<hw>flying boat</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAeron\i a large seaplane with a fuselage that resembles a boat.
<hw>flying bomb</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i a pilotless aircraft with an explosive warhead.
<hw>flying buttress</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IArchit.\i a buttress slanting from a separate column, usu. forming an arch with the wall it supports.
<hw>flying doctor</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i a doctor (esp. in a large sparsely populated area) who visits distant patients by aircraft.
<hw>flying dragon</hw> \Isee\i \J\Xdragon\x 3.\j
<hw>Flying Dutchman</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMythol.\i\p\B1\b a ghostly ship supposedly doomed to sail the seas for ever.\p\B2\b its captain.
<hw>flying fish</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i any tropical fish of the family Exocoetidae, with winglike pectoral fins for gliding through the air.
<hw>flying fox</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a large fruitbat, esp. of the genus \IPteropus,\i with a foxlike head.
<hw>flying lemur</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i either of two lemur-like mammals of the genus \ICynocephalus\i of SE Asia, having a membrane between the fore and hind limbs for gliding from tree to tree. \IAlso called\i \Icolugo.\i
<hw>flying lizard</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i a long-tailed lizard of the SE Asian genus \IDraco,\i with elongated ribs supporting membranes for gliding.
<hw>flying officer</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAeron\i the RAF rank next below flight lieutenant.
<hw>flying phalanger</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i any of various Australian marsupials of the genus \IPetaurus\i or \IPetauroides\i having a membrane between the fore and hind limbs for gliding.
<hw>flying picket</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IIndustry\i an industrial picket that can be moved rapidly from one site to another, esp. to reinforce local pickets.
<hw>flying saucer</hw>\p\In.\i\pany unidentified, esp. circular, flying object, popularly supposed to have come from outer space.
<hw>flying squad</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ICriminol.etc.\i a police detachment or other body organized for rapid movement.
<hw>flying squirrel</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i any squirrel of the subfamily Pteromyinae, with skin joining the fore and hind limbs for gliding from tree to tree.
<hw>flying start</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a start (of a race etc.) in which the starting point is passed at full speed.\p\B2\b a vigorous start giving an initial advantage.
<hw>flying suit</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAeron\i a one-piece garment worn by aircrew.\Knew from NEWS Nov 93\k
<hw>flying wing</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAeron\i an aircraft with little or no fuselage and no tailplane.
<hw>flyleaf</hw> \K/"flVIli:f/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-leaves)\b \IPrinting Bibliog\i a blank leaf at the beginning or end of a book.
<hw>flyover</hw> \K/"flVI\F'\nUv\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b \IEngin\i a bridge carrying one road or railway over another.\p\B2\b \BUS\b \IAeron\i = \J\Xfly-past\x.\j
<hw>fly-paper</hw>\p\In.\i\psticky treated paper for catching flies.
<hw>fly-past</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IAeron.\i a ceremonial flight of aircraft past a person or a place.
<hw>fly-pitcher</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ICommerce\i \Islang\i a street trader. \Bfly-pitching\b\p\In.\i\p\K-pitching subsumed in COD9 Sep 92\k
<hw>fly-post</hw> \Iv.tr.\i \BBrit.\b display (posters etc.) rapidly in unauthorized places.
<hw>flysheet</hw> \K/"flVISi:t/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPrinting\i a tract or circular of two or four pages.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b a fabric cover pitched outside and over a tent to give extra protection against bad weather.
<hw>fly-tip</hw> \Iv.tr.\i \BBrit.\b \ICriminol.\i illegally dump (waste). \Bfly-tipper\b\p\In.\i\p\K-tipper subsumed in COD9 Sep 92\k \Bfly-tipping\b\p\In.\i\p\K-ing new f. corpus Oct 94\k
<hw>flytrap</hw> \K/"flVItrap/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i any of various plants that catch flies, esp. the Venus flytrap.
<hw>flyweight</hw> \K/"flVIweIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISport\i\p\B1\b a weight in certain sports intermediate between light flyweight and bantamweight, in the amateur boxing scale 48-51 kg but differing for professionals, wrestlers, and weightlifters.\p\B2\b a boxer etc. of this weight.
<hw>flywheel</hw> \K/"flVIwi:l/\k\p\In.\i\p\IEngin\i a heavy wheel on a revolving shaft used to regulate machinery or accumulate power.
<hw>FM</hw> \Iabbr.\i\p\B1\b \IMil\i Field Marshal.\p\B2\b \IPhysics\i frequency modulation.
<hw>Fm</hw> \Isymb.\i \IChem.\i the element fermium.
<hw>f-number</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhotog.\i \IPhysics\i the ratio of the focal length to the effective diameter of a lens (e.g. \If5,\i indicating that the focal length is five times the diameter). \BEtymology:\b \3\If\i (denoting focal length) + \J\Xnumber\x\j\c
<hw>fo.</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IPrinting\i folio.
<hw>foal</hw> \K/f\F'\nUl/\k \In. & v.\i \IZool\i\p\In.\i\pthe young of a horse or related animal. \Iv.tr.\i (of a mare etc.) give birth to (a foal).\p\1in (or with) foal\c (of a mare etc.) pregnant. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ifola\i from Germanic: cf. \J\Xfilly\x\j\c
<hw>foam</hw> \K/f\F'\nUm/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a mass of small bubbles formed on or in liquid by agitation, fermentation, etc.\p\B2\b a froth of saliva or sweat.\p\B3\b a substance resembling these, e.g. rubber (in full \Bfoam rubber)\b or plastic (in full \Bfoam plastic)\b in a cellular mass.\Kf. rubber, f. plastic new f. corpus, SOED Nov 93\k \Iv.intr.\i\p\B1\b emit foam; froth.\p\B2\b run with foam.\p\B3\b (of a vessel) be filled and overflow with foam.\p\1foam at the mouth\c be very angry. \Bfoamless\b \Iadj.\i \Bfoamy\b \Iadj.\i \B(foamier,\b \Bfoamiest).\b \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ifam,\i from West Germanic\c
<hw>fob (1)</hw> \K/fQb/\k \In. & v.\i \IClothing\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b (in full \Bfob-chain)\b a chain attached to a watch for carrying in a waistcoat or waistband pocket.\p\B2\b a small pocket for carrying a watch.\p\B3\b a tab on a keyring. \Iv.tr.\i \B(fobbed,\b \Bfobbing)\b put in one's fob; pocket. \BEtymology:\b \3originally slang, probably from German\c
<hw>fob (2)</hw> \K/fQb/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(fobbed,\b \Bfobbing)\b\p\Bfob off\b\p\B1\b \I(often foll. by \Bwith\b a thing)\i deceive into accepting something inferior.\p\B2\b \I(often foll. by \Bon to\b a person)\i palm or pass off (an inferior thing). \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English: cf. obsolete \Ifop\i 'to dupe', German \Ifoppen\i 'deceive, cheat, banter'\c
<hw>f.o.b.</hw> \Iabbr.\i \ICommerce\i free on board \I(see\i \J\Xfree\x).\j
<hw>focaccia</hw> \K/f\F'\n"katS\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bfocaccias)\b \IFood\i\p\B1\b a type of flat Italian bread made with yeast and olive oil and often flavoured with herbs etc.\p\B2\b a loaf of this.\Knew in COD9 f. NSOED, corpus Mar 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Italian\c
<hw>focal</hw> \K/"f\F'\nUk(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i of, at, or in terms of a focus. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \Ifocalis\i (as \J\Xfocus\x)\j\c
<hw>focal length</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bfocal distance)\b \IPhysics Optics\i\p\B1\b the distance between the centre of a lens or curved mirror and its focus.\p\B2\b the equivalent distance in a compound lens or telescope.\Ksense 2 new from scientists Jun 94\k
<hw>focal plane</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhysics\i the plane through the focus perpendicular to the axis of a mirror or lens.
<hw>focus</hw> \K/"f\F'\nUk\F'\ns/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bfocuses\b or \Bfoci\b \K/"f\F'\nUsVI/\k)\p\B1\b \IPhysics\i \Ba\b the point at which rays or waves meet after reflection or refraction. \Bb\b the point from which diverging rays or waves appear to proceed. \IAlso called\i \Ifocal point.\i\p\B2\b \Ba\b \IOptics\i the point at which an object must be situated for an image of it given by a lens or mirror to be well defined \3(bring into focus).\c \Bb\b the adjustment of the eye or a lens necessary to produce a clear image \3(the binoculars were not in focus).\c \Bc\b a state of clear definition \3(the photograph was out of focus).\c\p\B3\b the centre of interest or activity \3(focus of attention).\c\p\B4\b \IGeom.\i \IMath\i one of the points from which the distances to any point of a given curve are connected by a linear relation.\p\B5\b \IMed.\i the principal site of an infection or other disease.\p\B6\b \IGeol.\i the place of origin of an earthquake.\p\Iv.\i\p\B(focused,\b \Bfocusing\b or \Bfocussed,\b \Bfocussing)\b\p\B1\b \Itr.\i bring into focus.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i adjust the focus of (a lens, the eye, etc.).\p\B3\b \Itr. & intr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bon)\b\i concentrate or be concentrated on.\p\B4\b \Iintr. & tr.\i converge or make converge to a focus. \Bfocuser\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = hearth\c
<hw>fodder</hw> \K/"fQd\F'\n/\k \In. & v.\i \IAgriculture\i\p\In.\i\pdried hay or straw etc. for cattle, horses, etc. \Iv.tr.\i give fodder to. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ifodor\i from Germanic, related to \J\Xfood\x\j\c
<hw>FOE</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IEcol\i Friends of the Earth.\Knew f. POD8 Nov 93\k
<hw>foe</hw> \K/f\F'\nU/\k\p\In.\i\p\Iesp. poet.\i or \Iformal\i an enemy or opponent. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ifah\i hostile, related to \J\Xfeud\x (1)\j\c
<hw>foetus</hw> \K/"fi:t\F'\ns/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Bfetus)\b \I(pl.\i \B-tuses)\b \IBiol\i an unborn or unhatched offspring of a mammal, esp. an unborn human more than eight weeks after conception. \Bfoetal\b \Iadj.\i \Bfoeticide\b \K/-tIsVId/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Latin \Ifetus\i 'offspring'\c
<hw>fog (1)</hw> \K/fQg/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMeteorol\i \Ba\b a thick cloud of water droplets or smoke suspended in the atmosphere at or near the earth's surface restricting or obscuring visibility. \Bb\b obscurity in the atmosphere caused by this.\p\B2\b \IPhotog.\i cloudiness on a developed negative etc. obscuring the image.\p\B3\b an uncertain or confused position or state.\p\Iv.\i\p\B(fogged,\b \Bfogging)\b\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b \I(often foll. by \Bup)\b\i cover with fog or condensed vapour. \Bb\b bewilder or confuse as if with a fog.\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bup)\b\i become covered with fog or condensed vapour.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \IPhotog.\i make (a negative etc.) obscure or cloudy.\p\1in a fog\c puzzled; at a loss. \BEtymology:\b \3perhaps back-formation from \J\Xfoggy\x\j\c
<hw>fog (2)</hw> \K/fQg/\k \In. & v.\i \Besp. Brit.\b \IBot Agriculture\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a second growth of grass after cutting; aftermath.\p\B2\b long grass left standing in winter. \Iv.tr.\i \B(fogged,\b \Bfogging)\b\p\B1\b leave (land) under fog.\p\B2\b feed (cattle) on fog. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English: origin unknown\c
<hw>fog bank</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMeteorol Naut\i a mass of fog at sea.
<hw>fogbound</hw> \K/"fQgbaUnd/\k \Iadj.\i unable to proceed because of fog.
<hw>fog-bow</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMeteorol\i a manifestation like a rainbow, produced by light on fog.
<hw>fogey</hw> \K/"f\F'\nUgi/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bfogy)\b \I(pl.\i \B-eys\b or \B-ies)\b a dull old-fashioned person \3(esp. old fogey)\c \I(cf.\i \J\Xyoung fogey\x).\j \Bfogeydom\b\p\In.\i\p\Bfogeyish\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \318th c.: related to slang \Ifogram,\i of unknown origin\c
<hw>foggy</hw> \K/"fQgi/\k \Iadj.\i \B(foggier,\b \Bfoggiest)\b\p\B1\b (of the atmosphere) thick or obscure with fog.\p\B2\b of or like fog.\p\B3\b vague, confused, unclear.\p\1not have the foggiest\c \Besp. Brit.\b \Icolloq.\i have no idea at all. \Kfoggily omitted Nov 93\k\Bfogginess\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3perhaps from \J\Xfog\x (2)\j\c
<hw>foghorn</hw> \K/"fQghO:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \INaut\i a deep-sounding instrument for warning ships in fog.\p\B2\b \Icolloq.\i a loud penetrating voice.
<hw>fog lamp</hw>\p\In.\i\pa lamp, esp. on a motor vehicle, used to improve visibility in fog.
<hw>foglight</hw> \K/"fQglVIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\ITransport\i = \J\Xfog lamp\x.\j\Knew f. corpus, Incs Sept 94\k
<hw>fog signal</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IRailways\i a detonator placed on a railway line in fog to warn train drivers.
<hw>fogy</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xfogey\x.\j
<hw>f÷hn</hw> \K/f\F'\n:n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bfoehn)\b \IGeog\i\p\B1\b a hot southerly wind on the northern slopes of the Alps.\p\B2\b a warm dry wind on the lee side of mountains. \BEtymology:\b \3German, ultimately from Latin \IFavonius\i 'mild west wind'\c
<hw>foible</hw> \K/"fOIb(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a minor weakness or idiosyncrasy.\p\B2\b \IFencing\i the part of a sword blade from the middle to the point. \BEtymology:\b \3French, obsolete form of \Ifaible\i (as \J\Xfeeble\x)\j\c
<hw>foie gras</hw> \K/fwA: "grA:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFood\i = \J\XpΓtΘ de foie gras\x.\j
<hw>foil (1)</hw> \K/fOIl/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b frustrate, baffle, defeat.\p\B2\b \IHunting\i \Ba\b run over or cross (ground or a scent) to confuse the hounds. \Bb\b \I\B(absol.)\b\i (of an animal) spoil the scent in this way.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IHunting\i the track of a hunted animal.\p\B2\b \Iarchaic\i a repulse or defeat. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, = trample down, perhaps from Old French \Ifouler\i 'to full cloth, trample', ultimately from Latin \Ifullo\i \J\Xfuller\x (1)\j\c
<hw>foil (2)</hw> \K/fOIl/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IMetallurgy\i \Ba\b metal hammered or rolled into a thin sheet \3(aluminium foil).\c \Bb\b a sheet of this, or of tin amalgam, attached to mirror glass as a reflector. \Bc\b \IJewellery\i a leaf of foil placed under a precious stone etc. to brighten or colour it.\p\B2\b a person or thing that enhances the qualities of another by contrast.\p\B3\b \IArchit.\i a leaf-shaped curve formed by the cusping of an arch or circle. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French from Latin \Ifolium\i 'leaf', and via Old French \Ifoille\i from Latin \Ifolia\i (pl.)\c
<hw>foil (3)</hw> \K/fOIl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFencing\i a light blunt-edged sword with a button on its point used in fencing. \Bfoilist\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \316th c.: origin unknown\c
<hw>foist</hw> \K/fOIst/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b \I(foll. by \Bon,\b \Bupon)\b\i impose (an unwelcome person or thing) on.\p\B2\b \I(foll. by \Bon,\b \Bupon)\b\i falsely fix the authorship of (a composition) on.\p\B3\b \I(foll. by \Bin,\b \Binto)\b\i introduce surreptitiously or unwarrantably.\Ksense 'present falsely as genuine or superior' omitted f. COD9 Nov 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3originally of palming a false die, from Dutch dialect \Ivuisten\i 'take in the hand' from \Ivuist\i \J\Xfist\x\j\c
<hw>fold (1)</hw> \K/f\F'\nUld/\k \Iv. & n.\i\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b bend or close (a flexible thing) over upon itself. \Bb\b \I(foll. by \Bback,\b \Bover,\b \Bdown)\b\i bend a part of (a flexible thing) in the manner specified \3(fold down the flap).\c\p\B2\b \Iintr.\i become or be able to be folded.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \I(foll. by \Baway,\b \Bup)\b\i make compact by folding.\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bup)\b\i \Icolloq.\i \Ba\b collapse, disintegrate. \Bb\b (of an enterprise) fail; go bankrupt.\p\B5\b \Itr.\i \Ipoet.\i embrace \3(esp. fold in the arms or to the breast).\c\p\B6\b \Itr.\i \I(foll. by \Babout,\b \Bround)\b\i clasp (the arms); wrap, envelop.\p\B7\b \Itr.\i \I(foll. by \Bin)\b\i \ICookery\i mix (an ingredient with others) using a gentle cutting and turning motion.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or an instance of folding.\p\B2\b a line made by or for folding.\p\B3\b a folded part.\p\B4\b \BBrit.\b a hollow among hills.\p\B5\b \IGeol.\i a curvature of strata.\p\1fold one's arms\c place one's arms across the chest, side by side or entwined.\p\1fold one's hands\c clasp them. \Bfoldable\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ifalden,\i \Ifealden,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>fold (2)</hw> \K/f\F'\nUld/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IAgriculture\i = \J\Xsheepfold\x.\j\p\B2\b \IRelig\i a body of believers or members of a Church. \Iv.tr.\i \IAgriculture\i enclose (sheep) in a fold. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ifald\i\c
<hw>-fold</hw> \K/f\F'\nUld/\k \Isuffix\i forming adjectives and adverbs from cardinal numbers, meaning:\p\B1\b in an amount multiplied by \3(repaid tenfold).\c\p\B2\b consisting of so many parts \3(threefold blessing).\c \BEtymology:\b \3originally in the sense 'folded in so many layers': Old English -\Ifald,\i \I-feald,\i related to \J\Xfold\x (1)\j\c
<hw>foldaway</hw> \K/"f\F'\nUld\F'\nweI/\k \Iadj.\i adapted or designed to be folded away.
<hw>folder</hw> \K/"f\F'\nUld\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a folding cover or holder for loose papers.\p\B2\b a folded leaflet.
<hw>folderol</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xfalderal\x.\j
<hw>folding door</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IFurniture\i a door with jointed sections, folding on itself when opened.
<hw>fold-out</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBibliog\i an oversize page in a book etc. to be unfolded by the reader.
<hw>foliaceous</hw> \K/f\F'\nUlI"eIS\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of or resembling a leaf or leaves.\p\B2\b \Iesp. Geol.\i laminated.\Ksense 2 omitted as deeply obscure Jun 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ifoliaceus\i 'leafy' from \Ifolium\i 'leaf'\c
<hw>foliage</hw> \K/"f\F'\nUlIIdZ/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBot\i leaves, leafage.\p\B2\b \IArt\i a design in art resembling leaves. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via French \Ifeuillage,\i from \Ifeuille\i 'leaf', from Old French \Ifoille:\i see \J\Xfoil\x (2)\j\c
<hw>foliage leaf</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot.\i a leaf excluding petals and other modified leaves.
<hw>foliar</hw> \K/"f\F'\nUlI\F'\n/\k \Iadj.\i \IBot\i of or relating to leaves. \BEtymology:\b \3modern Latin \Ifoliaris\i from Latin \Ifolium\i 'leaf'\c
<hw>foliar feed</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IHort\i feed supplied to leaves of plants.
<hw>foliate</hw> \Iadj. & v.\i \Iadj.\i \K/"f\F'\nUlI\F'\nt/, /-eIt/\k\IBot\i\p\B1\b leaflike.\p\B2\b having leaves.\p\B3\b \I(in \Bcomb.)\b\i having a specified number of leaflets \3(trifoliate).\c\p\Iv.\i\p\K/"f\F'\nUlIeIt/\k\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i split into laminae.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \IBuilding\i \IArchit.\i decorate (an arch or door head) with foils.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \IPrinting\i number leaves (not pages) of (a volume) consecutively. \Bfoliation\b \K/-"eIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ifoliatus\i 'leaved' from \Ifolium\i 'leaf'\c
<hw>folic acid</hw> \K/"f\F'\nUlIk/, /"fQl-/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBiochem\i a vitamin of the B complex, found in leafy green vegetables, liver, and kidney, a deficiency of which causes pernicious anaemia. \IAlso called\i \Ifolacin,\i \Ipteroylglutamic acid,\i \Ivitamin M.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ifolium\i 'leaf' (because it is found esp. in green leaves) + \J\X-ic\x\j\c
<hw>folio</hw> \K/"f\F'\nUlI\F'\nU/\k \In. & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-os)\b \IPrinting\i\p\B1\b a leaf of paper etc., esp. one numbered only on the front.\p\B2\b a leaf-number of a book.\p\B3\b a sheet of paper folded once making two leaves of a book.\p\B4\b a book made of such sheets. \Iadj.\i (of a book) made of folios, of the largest size.\p\1in folio\c made of folios. \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, ablative of \Ifolium\i 'leaf', = \Ion leaf\i (as specified)\c
<hw>foliole</hw> \K/"f\F'\nUlI\F'\nUl/\k\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a division of a compound leaf; a leaflet. \BEtymology:\b \3French from Late Latin \Ifoliolum,\i diminutive of Latin \Ifolium\i 'leaf'\c
<hw>foliose</hw> \K/"f\F'\nUlI\F'\nUz/\k \Iadj.\i \IBot\i (of a lichen) having a lobed, leaf-like shape.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Jan 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ifoliosus,\i from \Ifolium\i 'leaf' + \J\X-ose\x (1)\j\c
<hw>folk</hw> \K/f\F'\nUk/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bfolk\b or \Bfolks)\b\p\B1\b \I(treated as \Bpl.)\b\i people in general or of a specified class \3(few folk about;\c \2townsfolk).\c\p\B2\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i (usu. \Bfolks)\b one's parents or relatives.\p\B3\b \I(treated as \Bsing.)\b\i \IPeople\i a people.\p\B4\b \I(treated as \Bsing.)\b\i \IMus\i \Icolloq.\i = \J\Xfolk music\x.\j\p\B5\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i of popular origin; traditional \3(folk art,\c \2folk hero).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ifolc,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>folk dance</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IDancing\i a dance of popular origin.\p\B2\b \IMus\i the music for such a dance. \Bfolk dancer\b\p\In.\i\p\Bfolk dancing\b\p\In.\i\p\Kf. dancer, dancing new f. corpus Nov 93\k
<hw>folk etymology</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ILinguistics\i a popular modifying of the form of a word or phrase to make it seem to be derived from a more familiar word (e.g. \Isparrowgrass\i for \Iasparagus).\i
<hw>folkie</hw> \K/"f\F'\nUki/\k \In. & adj.\i \IMus\i \Icolloq.\i\p\In.\i\pa devotee of folk music; a folk singer. \Iattrib.adj.\i of or relating to folk music \3(folkie bands).\c\Knew f. SOED, corpus Nov 93\k
<hw>folkish</hw> \K/"f\F'\nUkIS/\k \Iadj.\i of the common people; traditional, unsophisticated.
<hw>folklore</hw> \K/"f\F'\nUklO:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFolklore Anthropol\i the traditional beliefs and stories of a people; the study of these. \Bfolkloric\b \Iadj.\i \Bfolklorist\b\p\In.\i\p\Bfolkloristic\b \K/-"rIstIk/\k \Iadj.\i
<hw>folk memory</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAnthropol\i recollection of the past persisting among a people.
<hw>folk music</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMus\i traditional music or modern music in this style.\Knew f. POD8, but 2 wds, as SOED Nov 93\k
<hw>folk rock</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMus\i folk music incorporating the stronger beat of rock music and using electric instruments.\Knew f. SOED, corpus Nov 93\k
<hw>folk singer</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMus\i a singer of folk songs.
<hw>folk song</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMus\i a song of popular or traditional origin or style.
<hw>folksy</hw> \K/"f\F'\nUksi/\k \Iadj.\i \B(folksier,\b \Bfolksiest)\b\p\B1\b friendly, sociable, informal.\p\B2\b \Ba\b having the characteristics of folk art, culture, etc. \Bb\b ostensibly or artificially folkish. \Bfolksiness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>folk tale</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ILiterature\i a popular or traditional story.
<hw>folkways</hw> \K/"f\F'\nUkweIz/\k \In.pl.\i \IAnthropol\i the traditional behaviour of a people.
<hw>folkweave</hw> \K/"f\F'\nUkwi:v/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \ITextiles\i a rough loosely woven fabric.
<hw>follicle</hw> \K/"fQlIk(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IAnat.\i a small secretory cavity, sac, or gland, esp.: \Ba\b (in full \Bhair follicle)\b the gland or cavity at the root of a hair. \Bb\b = \J\XGraafian follicle\x.\j\p\B2\b \IBot.\i a single-carpelled dry fruit opening on one side only to release its seeds. \Bfollicular\b \K/fQ"lIkjUl\F'\n/\k \Iadj.\i \Bfolliculate\b \K/fQ"lIkjUl\F'\nt/\k \Iadj.\i \Bfolliculated\b \K/fQ"lIkjUleItId/\k \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Ifolliculus,\i diminutive of \Ifollis\i 'bellows'\c
<hw>follicle-stimulating hormone</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPhysiol.\i a pituitary hormone which promotes the formation of ova or sperm (abbr.: \BFSH).\b\Kabbr\k\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Jan 94\k
<hw>follow</hw> \K/"fQl\F'\nU/\k\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i or \I(foll. by \Bafter)\b\i \Iintr.\i go or come after (a person or thing proceeding ahead).\p\B2\b \Itr.\i go along (a route, path, etc.).\p\B3\b \Itr. & intr.\i come after in order or time \3(Nero followed Claudius;\c \2dessert followed;\c \2my reasons are as follows).\c\p\B4\b \Itr.\i take as a guide or leader.\p\B5\b \Itr.\i conform to \3(follow your example).\c\p\B6\b \Itr.\i practise (a trade or profession).\p\B7\b \Itr.\i undertake (a course of study etc.).\p\B8\b \Itr.\i understand the meaning or tendency of (a speaker or argument).\p\B9\b \Itr.\i maintain awareness of the current state or progress of (events etc. in a particular sphere).\p\B10\b \Itr.\i \I(foll. by \Bwith)\b\i provide with a sequel or successor.\p\B11\b \Iintr.\i happen after something else; ensue.\p\B12\b \Iintr.\i \Ba\b be necessarily true as a result of something else. \Bb\b \I(foll. by \Bfrom)\b\i be a result of.\p\B13\b \Itr.\i strive after; aim at; pursue \3(followed fame and fortune).\c \Kfollow-my-leader denested Nov 94\k\p\1follow one's nose\c trust to instinct.\p\Bfollow on\b\p\B1\b continue.\p\B2\b \ICricket\i (of a cricket team) have to bat again immediately after the first innings.\p\Bfollow out\b carry out; adhere precisely to (instructions etc.).\p\Bfollow suit\b\p\B1\b \ICards\i play a card of the suit led.\p\B2\b conform to another person's actions.\p\Bfollow through\b\p\B1\b continue (an action etc.) to its conclusion.\p\B2\b \ISport\i continue the movement of a stroke after the ball has been struck.\p\Bfollow up\b\p\B1\b \I(foll. by \Bwith)\b\i pursue, develop, supplement.\p\B2\b make further investigation of. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ifolgian,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>follower</hw> \K/"fQl\F'\nU\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an adherent or devotee.\p\B2\b a person or thing that follows.
<hw>following</hw> \K/"fQl\F'\nUIN/\k \Iprep., n., & adj.\i \Iprep.\i coming after in time; as a sequel to.\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a body of adherents or devotees.\p\B2\b \B(the following)\b \I(treated as \Bsing.\b or \Bpl.)\b\i the person(s) or thing(s) now to be mentioned.\Ksense 2 new f. SOED Now 93\k \Iadj.\i that follows or comes after.
<hw>follow-on</hw>\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ICricket\i a second innings immediately after the first.\p\B2\b the act or an instance of following on \I(often \Battrib.:\b\i \2follow-on treatment).\c\Ksenses split Jun 94\k
<hw>follow-the-leader</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \BBrit.\b \Bfollow-my-leader)\b \IGames\i a game in which players must do as the leader does.\Kfollow-my-leader denested and follow-the-leader entered as new main form Nov 94\k
<hw>follow-through</hw>\p\In.\i\pthe act or an instance of following through.
<hw>follow-up</hw>\p\In.\i\pa subsequent or continued action, measure, experience, etc.
<hw>folly</hw> \K/"fQli/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b foolishness; lack of good sense.\p\B2\b a foolish act, behaviour, idea, etc.\p\B3\b \IArchit\i a costly ornamental building, usu. a tower or mock Gothic ruin.\p\B4\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i \ITheatr.\i \Ba\b a revue with glamorous female performers, esp. scantily-clad. \Bb\b the performers in such a revue. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ifolie,\i from \Ifol\i 'mad, \J\Xfool\x (1)\j'\c
<hw>foment</hw> \K/f\F'\n(U)"mEnt/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b instigate or stir up (trouble, sedition, etc.).\p\B2\b \Ba\b bathe with warm or medicated liquid. \Bb\b apply warmth to. \Bfomenter\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via French \Ifomenter\i and Late Latin \Ifomentare\i from Latin \Ifomentum\i 'poultice, lotion', from \Ifovere\i 'heat, cherish'\c
<hw>fomentation</hw> \K/f\F'\nUmEn"teIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the act or an instance of fomenting.\p\B2\b \IMed\i materials prepared for application to a wound etc. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French or Late Latin \Ifomentatio\i (as \J\Xfoment\x)\j\c
<hw>fond</hw> \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b \I\B(predic.;\b\i \Ifoll. by \Bof)\b\i having affection or a liking for.\p\B2\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i affectionate, loving, doting.\p\B3\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i (of beliefs etc.) foolishly optimistic or credulous; naive. \Bfondly\b \Iadv.\i \Bfondness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from obsolete \Ifon\i 'fool, be foolish'\c
<hw>fondant</hw> \K/"fQnd(\F'\n)nt/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFood\i a soft sweet of flavoured sugar. \BEtymology:\b \3French, pres. part. of \Ifondre\i 'melt', from Latin \Ifundere\i 'pour'\c
<hw>fondant icing</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i icing made of a soft paste of flavoured sugar.\Knew f. corpus, SOED Nov 93\k
<hw>fondle</hw> \K/"fQnd(\F'\n)l/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.tr.\i touch or stroke lovingly; caress.\p\In.\i\pan act of fondling.\Knoun added f. SOED Nov 93\k \Bfondler\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3back-formation from \Ifondling\i 'fondled person' (as \J\Xfond\x,\j \J\X-ling\x (1))\j\c
<hw>fondue</hw> \K/"fQnd(j)u:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFood\i\p\B1\b a dish of flavoured melted cheese into which pieces of bread are dipped.\p\B2\b any other dish in which small pieces of food are dipped into hot oil or sauce.\Ksense 2 new f. SOED Nov 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3French, fem. past part. of \Ifondre\i 'melt', from Latin \Ifundere\i 'pour'\c
<hw>font (1)</hw> \K/fQnt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IEccl.\i a receptacle in a church for baptismal water.\p\B2\b the reservoir for oil in a lamp. \Bfontal\b \Iadj.\i (in sense 1). \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ifont,\i \Ifant\i via Old Irish \Ifant,\i \Ifont\i from Latin \Ifons fontis\i 'fountain, baptismal water'\c
<hw>font (2)</hw> \K/fQnt/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \BBrit.\b \Bfount\b \K/faUnt/\k) \IPrinting\i a set of type of one face or size.\Kvariant status reversed Jun 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3French \Ifonte\i from \Ifondre\i \J\Xfound\x (3)\j\c
<hw>fontanelle</hw> \K/fQnt\F'\n"nEl/\k\p\In.\i\p\B(US\b \Bfontanel)\b \IAnat\i a membranous space in an infant's skull at the angles of the parietal bones. \BEtymology:\b \3in earlier use 'an outlet for bodily secretions': French \Ifontanelle\i via modern Latin \Ifontanella\i from Old French \Ifontenelle,\i diminutive of \Ifontaine\i 'fountain'\c
<hw>food</hw> \K/fu:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a nutritious substance, esp. solid in form, that can be taken into an animal or a plant to maintain life and growth.\p\B2\b ideas as a resource for or stimulus to mental work \3(food for thought).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ifoda\i from Germanic: cf. \J\Xfeed\x\j\c
<hw>food additive</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IFood Chem\i a substance added to food to enhance its colour, flavour, or presentation, or for any other non-nutritional purpose.
<hw>food chain</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IEcol.\i a series of organisms each dependent on the next as a source of food.
<hw>foodie</hw> \K/"fu:di/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bfoody)\b \I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b \IFood\i \Icolloq.\i a person with a particular interest in food; a gourmet.
<hw>food poisoning</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMed\i illness due to bacteria or toxins in food.
<hw>food processor</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i a machine for chopping and mixing food materials.
<hw>foodstuff</hw> \K/"fu:dstVf/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFood\i any substance suitable as food.
<hw>food value</hw>\p\In.\i\pthe relative nourishing power of a food.
<hw>fool (1)</hw> \K/fu:l/\k \In., v., & adj.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a person who acts unwisely or imprudently; a stupid person.\p\B2\b \Ihist.\i a jester; a clown.\p\B3\b a dupe.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i deceive so as to cause to appear foolish.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i \I(foll. by \Binto\b + verbal noun, or \Bout of)\b\i trick; cause to do something foolish.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i play tricks on; dupe.\p\B4\b \Iintr.\i act in a joking, frivolous, or teasing way.\p\B5\b \Iintr.\i \I(foll. by \Babout,\b \Baround)\b\i \Ba\b behave in a playful or silly way. \Bb\b engage in sexual (sp. adulterous) activity. \Iadj.\i \BN. Amer.\b \Icolloq.\i foolish, silly.\p\1act (or play) the fool\c behave in a silly way.\p\1make a fool of\c make (a person or oneself) look foolish; trick or deceive.\p\1no (or nobody's) fool\c a shrewd or prudent person. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Ifol\i from Latin \Ifollis\i 'bellows, empty-headed person'\c
<hw>fool (2)</hw> \K/fu:l/\k\p\In.\i\p\Besp. Brit.\b \IFood\i a dessert of usu. stewed fruit crushed and mixed with cream, custard, etc. \BEtymology:\b \316th c.: perhaps from \J\Xfool\x (1)\j\c
<hw>foolery</hw> \K/"fu:l\F'\nri/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-ies)\b\p\B1\b foolish behaviour.\p\B2\b a foolish act.
<hw>foolhardy</hw> \K/"fu:lhA:di/\k \Iadj.\i \B(foolhardier,\b \Bfoolhardiest)\b rashly or foolishly bold; reckless. \Bfoolhardily\b \Iadv.\i \Bfoolhardiness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ifolhardi,\i from \Ifol\i 'foolish' + \Ihardi\i 'bold'\c
<hw>foolish</hw> \K/"fu:lIS/\k \Iadj.\i (of a person, action, etc.) lacking good sense or judgement; unwise. \Bfoolishly\b \Iadv.\i \Bfoolishness\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>foolproof</hw> \K/"fu:lpru:f/\k \Iadj.\i (of a procedure, mechanism, etc.) so straightforward or simple as to be incapable of misuse or mistake.
<hw>foolscap</hw> \K/"fu:lzkap/, /-lsk-/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IPrinting etc.\i\p\B1\b a size of paper, about 330 ╫ 200 (or 400) mm.\p\B2\b foolscap paper. \BEtymology:\b \3named from the former watermark representing a fool's cap\c
<hw>fool's gold</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMetallurgy\i iron pyrites.
<hw>fool's mate</hw> \Isee\i \J\Xmate\x (2).\j
<hw>fool's paradise</hw>\p\In.\i\phappiness founded on an illusion.
<hw>fool's parsley</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i an umbelliferous plant resembling parsley.
<hw>foot</hw> \K/fUt/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bfeet\b \K/fi:t/\k)\p\B1\b \Ba\b \IAnat\i the lower extremity of the leg below the ankle. \Bb\b \IClothing\i the part of a sock etc. covering the foot.\p\B2\b \Ba\b the lower or lowest part of anything, e.g. a mountain, a page, stairs, etc. \Bb\b \IFurniture\i the lower end of a table. \Bc\b \IFurniture\i the end of a bed where the user's feet normally rest. \Bd\b a part of a chair, appliance, etc. on which it rests.\Ksense 2d new f. POD8 Nov 93\k\p\B3\b the base, often projecting, of anything extending vertically.\p\B4\b a step, pace, or tread; a manner of walking \3(fleet of foot).\c\p\B5\b \I(pl.\i \Bfeet\b or \Bfoot)\b \ISci\i a unit of linear measure equal to 12 inches (30.48 cm).\p\B6\b \IProsody\i \Ba\b a group of syllables (one usu. stressed) constituting a metrical unit. \Bb\b a similar unit of speech etc.\p\B7\b \BBrit.\b \IMil\i \Ihist.\i infantry \3(a regiment of foot).\c\p\B8\b \IZool.\i the locomotive or adhesive organ of invertebrates.\p\B9\b \IBot.\i the part by which a petal is attached.\p\B10\b a device on a sewing machine for holding the material steady as it is sewn.\p\B11\b \I(pl.\i \Bfoots)\b \Ba\b dregs; oil refuse. \Bb\b \IFood\i coarse sugar. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b (usu. as \Bfoot it)\b \Ba\b traverse (esp. a long distance) by foot. \Bb\b dance.\p\B2\b pay (a bill, esp. one considered large).\p\1at a person's feet\c as a person's disciple or subject.\p\1feet of clay\c a fundamental weakness in a person otherwise revered.\p\1get one's feet wet\c begin to participate.\p\1have one's (or both) feet on the ground\c be practical.\p\1have a foot in the door\c have a prospect of success.\p\1have one foot in the grave\c be near death or very old.\p\1my foot!\c \Iint.\i \Icolloq.\i expressing strong contradiction.\p\1not put a foot wrong\c make no mistakes.\p\1off one's feet\c so as to be unable to stand, or in a state compared with this \3(was rushed off my feet).\c\p\1on one's feet\c\p\B1\b standing, esp. to make a speech.\p\B2\b well enough to walk about.\p\1on foot\c walking, not riding etc.\p\1put one's best foot forward\c make every effort; proceed with determination.\p\1put one's feet up\c \Icolloq.\i take a rest.\p\1put one's foot down\c \Icolloq.\i\p\B1\b be firmly insistent or repressive.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b accelerate a motor vehicle.\p\1put one's foot in it\c \Icolloq.\i commit a blunder or indiscretion.\p\1set foot on\c (or \Bin)\b enter; go into.\p\1set on foot\c put (an action, process, etc.) in motion.\p\1under one's feet\c in the way.\p\1under foot\c on the ground. \Bfooted\b \Iadj.\i \I(also in \Bcomb.).\b\i \Bfootless\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ifot,\i from Germanic\c
<hw>footage</hw> \K/"fUtIdZ/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b length or distance in feet.\p\B2\b \ICinematog Telev\i an amount of film made for showing, broadcasting, etc.
<hw>foot-and-mouth disease</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IZool Vet\i a contagious viral disease of cattle etc.
<hw>football</hw> \K/"fUtbO:l/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\IFootball Sport\i\p\B1\b any of several esp. outdoor games between two teams played with a ball on a pitch with goals at each end, esp. \BBrit.\b = \J\XAssociation Football\x.\j\p\B2\b a large inflated ball of a kind used in these games.\p\B3\b a topical issue or problem that is the subject of continued argument or controversy. \Iv.intr.\i play football. \Bfootballer\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>football hooligan</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IFootball Criminol\i a hooligan at a football match or travelling to or from one.\Knew f. SOED Nov 93\k
<hw>football pool</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bfootball pools\b \Ipl.)\i \IGambling\i a form of gambling on the results of football matches, the winners receiving sums accumulated from entry money.
<hw>footbath</hw> \K/"fUtbA:T/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b an act of washing the feet.\p\B2\b a small shallow bath used for this.\Knew f. SOED, corpus Nov 93\k
<hw>footbed</hw> \K/"fUtbEd/\k\p\In.\i\p\IClothing\i an insole in a boot or shoe, used for cushioning or to provide a better fit.\Knew f. corpus, incomings Nov 93\k
<hw>footboard</hw> \K/"fUtbO:d/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a board to support the feet or a foot.\p\B2\b an upright board at the foot of a bed.
<hw>footbrake</hw> \K/"fUtbreIk/\k\p\In.\i\p\IMech\i a brake operated by the foot in a motor vehicle.
<hw>footbridge</hw> \K/"fUtbrIdZ/\k\p\In.\i\p\IEngin Archit\i a bridge for use by pedestrians.
<hw>footer (1)</hw> \K/"fu:t\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \I(in \Bcomb.)\b\i \Ba\b a person or thing of so many feet in length or height \3(six-footer).\c \Bb\b a specified kick of esp. a football \3(a fine right-footer into the goal).\c\Ksense 1b new f. OERD, Inc. corpus Jun 94\k\p\B2\b a line or block of text appearing at the foot of each page of a document etc. \I(cf.\i \J\Xheader\x 5).\j\Ksense 2 new f. Incs, JHM Sept 94\k
<hw>footer (2)</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xfooty\x.\j
<hw>footfall</hw> \K/"fUtfO:l/\k\p\In.\i\pthe sound of a footstep.
<hw>foot-fault</hw> \In. & v.\i \ISport\i\p\In.\i\p(in tennis etc.) incorrect placement of the feet while serving.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i make a foot-fault.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i award a foot-fault against (a player).\Kverb new f. OED, corpus Nov 93\k
<hw>foothill</hw> \K/"fUthIl/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(often in \Bpl.)\b\i \IGeog\i any of the low hills around the base of a mountain.
<hw>foothold</hw> \K/"fUth\F'\nUld/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a place, esp. in climbing, where a foot can be supported securely.\p\B2\b a secure initial position or advantage.
<hw>footie</hw> \Ivar. of\i \J\Xfooty\x.\j\Kvar. new f. incomings, corpus Jun 94\k
<hw>footing</hw> \K/"fUtIN/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a foothold; a secure position \3(lost his footing).\c\p\B2\b the basis on which an enterprise is established or operates; the position or status of a person in relation to others \3(on an equal footing).\c\p\B3\b \I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i \IArchit Building\i the foundations of a wall, usu. with a course of brickwork wider than the base of the wall.
<hw>footle</hw> \K/"fu:t(\F'\n)l/\k \Iv.intr.\i \I(usu. foll. by \Babout)\b\i \Besp. Brit.\b \Icolloq.\i behave foolishly or trivially. \BEtymology:\b \319th c.: perhaps from dialect \Ifooter\i 'idle'\c
<hw>footlights</hw> \K/"fUtlVIts/\k \In.pl.\i \ITheatr\i a row of lights along the front of a stage at the level of the actors' feet.
<hw>footloose</hw> \K/"fUtlu:s/\k \Iadj.\i (often in phr. \Bfootloose and fancy-free)\b free to go where or act as one pleases.
<hw>footman</hw> \K/"fUtm\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-men)\b\p\B1\b a liveried servant attending at the door, at table, or on a carriage.\p\B2\b \Ihist.\i an infantryman.
<hw>footnote</hw> \K/"fUtn\F'\nUt/\k \In. & v.\i \IPrinting\i\p\In.\i\pa note printed at the foot of a page. \Iv.tr.\i supply with a footnote or footnotes.
<hw>footpad</hw> \K/"fUtpad/\k\p\In.\i\p\Ihist.\i an unmounted highwayman.
<hw>foot passenger</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ITransport\i a pedestrian, esp. as opposed to a passenger travelling with a car by ferry.\Knew f. corpus, incomings, NSOED Jun 94\k
<hw>footpath</hw> \K/"fUtpA:T/\k\p\In.\i\p\IEngin Transport\i\p\B1\b \BBrit.\b a path for pedestrians, esp. an alley between buildings or a pavement at the side of a road.\p\B2\b a path for walking along through woods, fields, etc.\Ksplit into sense 1 and 2 Nov 94\k
<hw>footplate</hw> \K/"fUtpleIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\Besp. Brit.\b \IRailways\i the platform in the cab of a locomotive for the crew.
<hw>foot-pound</hw>\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bfoot-pounds)\b \ISci\i the amount of energy required to raise 1 lb a distance of 1 foot.
<hw>foot-pound-second system</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ISci.\i a system of measurement with the foot, pound, and second as basic units.
<hw>footprint</hw> \K/"fUtprInt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the impression left by a foot or shoe.\p\B2\b \IAeron Broadcasting\i the area over which an aircraft is audible, a broadcast can be received, etc.\Ksense 2 new f. NEWS Nov 93\k\p\B3\b \IComputing\i the area of desk space etc. occupied by a microcomputer or other piece of hardware.
<hw>footrest</hw> \K/"fUtrEst/\k\p\In.\i\pa support for the feet or a foot.
<hw>foot-rot</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IVet\i a bacterial disease of the feet in sheep and cattle.
<hw>foot-rule</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ISci.\i a ruler 1 foot long.
<hw>Footsie</hw> \K/"fUtsi/\k\p\In.\i\p\IStock Exch\i \Icolloq.\i the Financial Times-Stock Exchange 100 share index (based on the share values of Britain's hundred largest public companies). \BEtymology:\b \3fanciful acronym, influenced by \J\Xfootsie\x\j\c\Knew f. SOED, ODNW Nov 93\k
<hw>footsie</hw> \K/"fUtsi/\k\p\In.\i\p\Icolloq.\i amorous play with the feet. \BEtymology:\b \3jocular diminutive of \J\Xfoot\x\j\c
<hw>footslog</hw> \K/"fUtslQg/\k \Iv. & n.\i \BBrit.\b \Iv.intr.\i \B(-slogged,\b \B-slogging)\b walk or march, esp. laboriously for a long distance.\p\In.\i\pa laborious walk or march. \Bfootslogger\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>foot soldier</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i a soldier who fights on foot.
<hw>footsore</hw> \K/"fUtsO:/\k \Iadj.\i having sore feet, esp. from walking.
<hw>footstalk</hw> \K/"fUtstO:k/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IBot.\i a stalk of a leaf or peduncle of a flower.\p\B2\b \IZool.\i an attachment of a stalked barnacle etc.
<hw>footstep</hw> \K/"fUtstEp/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a step taken in walking.\p\B2\b the sound of this.\p\1follow (or tread) in a person's footsteps\c do as another person did before.
<hw>footstool</hw> \K/"fUtstu:l/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFurniture\i a low stool for resting the feet on when sitting.
<hw>footway</hw> \K/"fUtweI/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b a path or way for pedestrians.
<hw>footwear</hw> \K/"fUtwE:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IClothing\i shoes, socks, etc.
<hw>footwell</hw> \K/"fUtwEl/\k\p\In.\i\pa space for the feet in front of a seat in a car etc.\Knew f. Incs Oct 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xfoot\x\j + \J\Xwell\x (2)\j (in the sense 'a depression in the floor')\c
<hw>footwork</hw> \K/"fUtw\F'\n:k/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISport Dancing\i the use of the feet, esp. skilfully, in sports, dancing, etc.
<hw>footy</hw> \K/"fUti/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bfootie,\b \Bfooter\b \K/-t\F'\n/\k) \IFootball\i \Icolloq.\i = \J\Xfootball\x 1.\j\Knew f. OERD, incomings, corpus Jun 94\k
<hw>foo yong</hw> \K/fu: "jQN/\k\p\In.\i\p\ICookery\i a Chinese dish or sauce made with eggs and other ingredients.\Knew f. SOED, NEWS Nov 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Cantonese \Ifoo yung,\i literally 'hibiscus'\c
<hw>fop</hw> \K/fQp/\k\p\In.\i\pan affectedly elegant or fashionable man; a dandy. \Bfoppery\b\p\In.\i\p\Bfoppish\b \Iadj.\i \Bfoppishly\b \Iadv.\i \Bfoppishness\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \317th c.: perhaps from earlier \Ifop\i 'fool'\c
<hw>for</hw> \K/fO:/, /f\F'\n/\k \Iprep. & conj.\i \Iprep.\i\p\B1\b in the interest or to the benefit of; intended to go to \3(these flowers are for you;\c \2wish to see it for myself;\c \2did it all for my country;\c \2silly for you to go).\c\p\B2\b in defence, support, or favour of \3(fight for one's rights).\c\p\B3\b suitable or appropriate to \3(a dance for beginners;\c \2not for me to say).\c\p\B4\b in respect of or with reference to; regarding; so far as concerns \3(usual for ties to be worn;\c \2don't care for him at all;\c \2ready for bed;\c \2MP for Lincoln).\c\p\B5\b representing or in place of \3(here for my uncle).\c\p\B6\b in exchange against \3(swopped it for a bigger one).\c\p\B7\b \Ba\b as the price of \3(give me ú5 for it).\c \Bb\b at the price of \3(bought it for ú5).\c \Bc\b to the amount of \3(a bill for ú100;\c \2all out for 45).\c\p\B8\b as the penalty of \3(fined them heavily for it).\c\p\B9\b in requital of \3(that's for upsetting my sister).\c\p\B10\b as a reward for \3(here's ú5 for your trouble).\c\p\B11\b with a view to; in the hope or quest of; in order to get \3(go for a walk;\c \2run for a doctor;\c \2did it for the money).\c\p\B12\b corresponding to \3(word for word).\c\p\B13\b to reach; in the direction of; towards \3(left for Rome;\c \2ran for the end of the road).\c\p\B14\b conducive or conducively to; in order to achieve \3(take the pills for a sound night's sleep).\c\p\B15\b so as to start promptly at \3(the meeting is at seven-thirty for eight).\c\p\B16\b through or over (a distance or period); during \3(walked for miles;\c \2sang for two hours).\c\p\B17\b in the character of; as being \3(for the last time;\c \2know it for a lie;\c \2I for one refuse).\c\p\B18\b because of; on account of \3(could not see for tears).\c\p\B19\b in spite of; notwithstanding \3(for all we know;\c \2for all your fine words).\c\p\B20\b considering or making due allowance in respect of \3(good for a beginner).\c\Ksense 'in order to be' omitted Nov 93\k \Iconj.\i because, since, seeing that.\p\1be for it\c \BBrit.\b \Icolloq.\i be in imminent danger of punishment or other trouble.\p\1for ever\c \Isee\i \J\Xever\x\j \I(cf.\i \J\Xforever\x).\j\p\1o (or oh) for\c \I(as \Bint.)\b\i expressing longing for a thing. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English, probably a reduction of a Germanic preposition meaning 'before' (of place and time)\c
<hw>for-</hw> \K/fO:/, unstressed /f\F'\n/\k \Iprefix\i forming verbs and their derivatives meaning:\p\B1\b away, off, apart \3(forget;\c \2forgive).\c\p\B2\b prohibition \3(forbid).\c\p\B3\b abstention or neglect \3(forgo;\c \2forsake).\c\p\B4\b excess or intensity \3(forlorn).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Ifor-,\i \Ifµr-\i\c
<hw>f.o.r.</hw> \Iabbr.\i \IRailways Commerce\i free on rail \I(see\i \J\Xfree\x).\j
<hw>forage</hw> \K/"fQrIdZ/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IAgriculture\i food for horses and cattle.\p\B2\b the act or an instance of searching for food.\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Iintr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bfor)\b\i go searching; rummage (esp. for food).\p\B2\b \Itr.\i get by foraging.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i supply with food.\K'obtain food from; plunder' omitted Oct 94\k \Bforager\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Ifourrage,\i \Ifourrager,\i related to \J\Xfodder\x\j\c
<hw>forage cap</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMil Clothing\i an infantry undress cap.
<hw>foramen</hw> \K/f\F'\n"reImEn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \Bforamina\b \K/-"ramIn\F'\n/\k) \IAnat.\i an opening, hole, or passage, esp. in a bone.\Kforaminate omitted Nov 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iforamen -minis\i from \Iforare\i 'bore a hole'\c
<hw>foramen magnum</hw> \K/"magn\F'\nm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnat.\i the hole in the base of the skull through which the spinal cord passes.\Knew f.NSOED, Coll. Jan 94\k \BEtymology:\b \3Latin, = large opening\c
<hw>foraminifer</hw> \K/fQr\F'\n"mInIf\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bforaminiferan\b \K/-"nIf(\F'\n)r(\F'\n)n/\k) \IZool\i any protozoan of the mainly marine order Foraminifera, having a perforated shell through which amoeba-like pseudopodia emerge. \Bforaminiferous\b \K/-"nIf(\F'\n)r\F'\ns/\k \Iadj.\i
<hw>forasmuch as</hw> \K/f\F'\nr\F'\nz"mVtS/\k \Iconj.\i \Iarchaic\i because, since. \BEtymology:\b \3= for as much\c
<hw>foray</hw> \K/"fQreI/\k \In. & v.\i \IMil\i\p\In.\i\pa sudden attack; a raid or incursion. \Iv.intr.\i make or go on a foray. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English: back-formation from \Iforayer\i from Old French \Iforrier\i 'forager', related to \J\Xfodder\x\j\c
<hw>forbid</hw> \K/f\F'\n"bId/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(forbidding;\b \Ipast\i \Bforbade\b \K/-"bad/, /-"beId/\k or \Bforbad\b \K/-"bad/\k; \Ipast part.\i \Bforbidden\b \K/-"bId(\F'\n)n/\k)\p\B1\b \I(foll. by \Bto\b + infin.)\i order not \3(I forbid you to go).\c\p\B2\b refuse to allow (a thing, or a person to have a thing) \3(I forbid it;\c \2was forbidden any wine).\c\p\B3\b refuse a person entry to \3(the gardens are forbidden to children).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iforbeodan\i (as \J\Xfor-\x,\j \J\Xbid\x)\j\c
<hw>forbidden degrees</hw> \In.pl.\i \ILaw Genealogy\i a number of degrees of consanguinity within which marriage between two related persons is forbidden.
<hw>forbidden fruit</hw>\p\In.\i\psomething desired or enjoyed all the more because not allowed.
<hw>forbye</hw> \K/f\F'\n"bVI/, /fO:-/\k \Iprep. & adv.\i \Iarchaic\i or \BSc.\b \Iprep.\i besides. \Iadv.\i in addition.
<hw>force (1)</hw> \K/fO:s/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b power; exerted strength or impetus; intense effort.\p\B2\b coercion or compulsion, esp. with the use or threat of violence.\p\B3\b \Ba\b \IMil\i military strength. \Bb\b \I(in \Bpl.)\b\i troops; fighting resources. \Bc\b an organized body of people, esp. soldiers, police, or workers.\p\B4\b binding power; validity.\p\B5\b effect; precise significance \3(the force of their words).\c\p\B6\b \Ba\b mental or moral strength; influence, efficacy \3(force of habit).\c \Bb\b vividness of effect \3(described with much force).\c\p\B7\b \IPhysics\i \Ba\b an influence tending to change the motion of a body or produce motion or stress in a stationary body. \Bb\b the intensity of this (calculated e.g. by multiplying the mass of the body and its acceleration).\p\B8\b a person or thing regarded as exerting influence \3(is a force for good).\c\p\Iv.\i\p\B1\b \Itr.\i constrain (a person) by force or against his or her will.\p\B2\b \Itr.\i make a way through or into by force; break open by force.\p\B3\b \Itr.\i \I(usu. with prep. or adv.)\i drive or propel violently or against resistance \3(forced it into the hole;\c \2the wind forced them back).\c\p\B4\b \Itr.\i \I(foll. by \Bon,\b \Bupon)\b\i impose or press (on a person) \3(forced their views on us).\c\p\B5\b \Itr.\i \Ba\b cause or produce by effort \3(forced a smile).\c \Bb\b attain by strength or effort \3(forced an entry;\c \2must force a decision).\c \Bc\b make (a way) by force.\Ksense new f. POD8 Nov 93\k\p\B6\b \Itr.\i strain or increase to the utmost; overstrain.\p\B7\b \Itr.\i \IHort\i artificially hasten the development or maturity of (a plant).\p\B8\b \Itr.\i seek or demand quick results from; accelerate the process of \3(force the pace).\c\p\B9\b \Iintr.\i \ICards\i make a play that compels another particular play.\p\1by force of\c by means of.\p\1force the bidding\c (at an auction) make bids to raise the price rapidly.\p\1force a person's hand\c make a person act prematurely or unwillingly.\p\1force the issue\c render an immediate decision necessary.\p\1in force\c\p\B1\b valid, effective.\p\B2\b in great strength or numbers.\p\1join forces\c combine efforts. \Bforceable\b \Iadj.\i\Kforceably omitted Nov 93\k \Bforcer\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iforce,\i \Iforcer,\i ultimately from Latin \Ifortis\i 'strong'\c
<hw>force (2)</hw> \K/fO:s/\k\p\In.\i\p\BN.Engl.\b \IGeog\i a waterfall. \BEtymology:\b \3Old Norse \Ifors\i\c
<hw>forced labour</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i compulsory labour, esp. under harsh conditions.
<hw>forced landing</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IAeron\i the unavoidable landing of an aircraft in an emergency. \Bforce-land\b \Iv.tr. & intr.\i\K-land subsumed in COD9 Sep 92\k
<hw>forced march</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i a long and vigorous march esp. by troops.
<hw>force-feed</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICriminol\i force (esp. a prisoner) to take food.
<hw>force field</hw>\p\In.\i\p(in science fiction) an invisible barrier of force.
\B\Iforce majeure\b\i \K/fO:s ma"Z\F'\n:/, French /fOrs maZ9r/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b irresistible compulsion or coercion.\p\B2\b an unforeseeable course of events excusing a person from the fulfilment of a contract. \BEtymology:\b \3French, = superior strength\c
<hw>forcemeat</hw> \K/"fO:smi:t/\k\p\In.\i\p\IFood\i meat or vegetables etc. chopped and seasoned for use as a stuffing or a garnish. \BEtymology:\b \3obsolete \Iforce,\i \Ifarce\i 'stuff' from Old French \Ifarsir:\i see \J\Xfarce\x\j\c
<hw>forceps</hw> \K/"fO:sEps/, /-sIps/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i same)\p\B1\b \ISurgery\i surgical pincers, used for grasping and holding.\p\B2\b \IAnat\i \IBot.\i & \IZool.\i an organ or structure resembling forceps.\Kforipate omitted Nov 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iforceps forcipis\i\c
<hw>force-pump</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMech\i a pump that forces water under pressure.
<hw>forcible</hw> \K/"fO:sIb(\F'\n)l/\k \Iadj.\i done by or involving force; forceful. \Kforcibleness omitted Nov 93\k \Bforcibly\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Anglo-French & Old French (as \J\Xforce\x (1))\j\c
<hw>ford</hw> \K/fO:d/\k \In. & v.\i \IGeog\i\p\In.\i\pa shallow place where a river or stream may be crossed by wading or in a vehicle. \Iv.tr.\i cross (water) at a ford. \Bfordable\b \Iadj.\i \Bfordless\b \Iadj.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Old English from West Germanic\c
<hw>fore</hw> \K/fO:/\k \Iadj., n., int., & prep.\i \Iadj.\i situated in front. \I(cf.\i \J\Xhind\x \Iadj.\i).\j\p\In.\i\p\INaut\i the front part, esp. of a ship; the bow. \Iint.\i \IGolf\i a warning to a person in the path of a ball. \Iprep.\i \ILaw\i \Iarchaic\i (in oaths) in the presence of \3(fore God).\c\p\1come to the fore\c take a leading part.\p\1to the fore\c in front; conspicuous. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English from Germanic: the adjective and noun from Middle English, from compounds with \J\Xfore-\x\j\c
<hw>fore-</hw> \K/fO:/\k \Iprefix\i forming:\p\B1\b verbs meaning: \Ba\b in front \3(foreshorten).\c \Bb\b beforehand; in advance \3(foreordain;\c \2forewarn).\c\p\B2\b nouns meaning: \Ba\b situated in front of \3(forecourt).\c \Bb\b the front part of \3(forehead).\c \Bc\b \INaut\i of or near the bow of a ship \3(forecastle).\c \Bd\b preceding \3(forerunner).\c \BEtymology:\b \3Old English, as \J\Xfore\x\j\c
<hw>fore and aft</hw> \Iadv. & adj.\i \INaut\i \Iadv.\i at bow and stern; all over the ship. \Iadj.\i \B(fore-and-aft)\b (of a sail or rigging) set lengthwise, not on yards.
<hw>fore-and-aft rigged</hw> \Iadj.\i \INaut\i (of a vessel) having fore-and-aft rigging \I(opp.\i \J\Xsquare-rigged\x).\j\Knew f. OED Mar 94\k
<hw>forearm (1)</hw> \K/"fO:rA:m/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnat\i\p\B1\b the part of the arm from the elbow to the wrist or the fingertips.\p\B2\b \IZool\i the corresponding part in a foreleg or wing.
<hw>forearm (2)</hw> \K/fO:r"A:m/\k \Iv.tr.\i prepare or arm beforehand.
<hw>forebear</hw> \K/"fO:bE:/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bforbear)\b \I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i an ancestor. \BEtymology:\b \3\J\Xfore\x\j + obsolete \Ibear,\i \Ibeer\i (as \J\Xbe\x,\j \J\X-er\x (1))\j\c
<hw>forebode</hw> \K/fO:"b\F'\nUd/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b betoken; be an advance warning of (an evil or unwelcome event).\p\B2\b have a presentiment of (usu. evil).
<hw>foreboding</hw> \K/fO:"b\F'\nUdIN/\k\p\In.\i\pan expectation of trouble or evil; a presage or omen. \Bforebodingly\b \Iadv.\i
<hw>forebrain</hw> \K/"fO:breIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnat.\i the anterior part of the brain, including the cerebrum, thalamus, and hypothalamus. \IAlso called\i \Iprosencephalon.\i\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Jan 94\k
<hw>forecast</hw> \K/"fO:kA:st/\k \Iv. & n.\i \Iv.tr.\i \I(past\i and \Ipast part.\i \B-cast\b or \B-casted)\b predict; estimate or calculate beforehand.\p\In.\i\p\IMeteorol\i a calculation or estimate of something future, esp. coming weather. \Bforecaster\b\p\In.\i\p
<hw>forecastle</hw> \K/"f\F'\nUks(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bfo'c'sle)\b \INaut.\i\p\B1\b the forward part of a ship where the crew has quarters.\p\B2\b \Ihist.\i a short raised deck at the bow.
<hw>foreclose</hw> \K/fO:"kl\F'\nUz/\k \Iv.tr.\i \ILaw\i\p\B1\b \I(also \Babsol.;\b\i \Ifoll. by \Bon)\b\i stop (a mortgage) from being redeemable or (a mortgager) from redeeming, esp. as a result of defaults in payment.\p\B2\b exclude, prevent.\p\B3\b shut out; bar. \Bforeclosure\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French \Iforclos,\i past part. of \Iforclore,\i from \Ifor-\i 'out' from Latin \Iforas\i + \J\Xclose\x (2)\j\c
<hw>forecourt</hw> \K/"fO:kO:t/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IArchit\i an enclosed space in front of a building.\p\B2\b \BBrit.\b the part of a filling station where petrol is supplied.\p\B3\b \ITennis\i the part of the court between the service line and the net.
<hw>foredeck</hw> \K/"fO:dEk/\k\p\In.\i\p\INaut\i\p\B1\b the deck at the forward part of a ship.\p\B2\b the forward part of the deck.\Knew f. corpus, SOED Nov 93\k
<hw>foredoom</hw> \K/fO:"du:m/\k \Iv.tr.\i \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i doom or condemn beforehand.
<hw>fore-edge</hw> \K/"fO:rEdZ/\k\p\In.\i\p(also \Bforedge)\b \IPrinting\i the front or outer edge (esp. of the pages of a book).
<hw>forefather</hw> \K/"fO:fA:D\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i \IGenealogy\i\p\B1\b an ancestor.\p\B2\b a member of a past generation of a family or people.
<hw>forefinger</hw> \K/"fO:fINg\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnat\i the finger next to the thumb.
<hw>forefoot</hw> \K/"fO:fUt/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-feet)\b\p\B1\b \IAnat\i either of the front feet of a four-footed animal.\p\B2\b \INaut.\i the foremost section of a ship's keel.
<hw>forefront</hw> \K/"fO:frVnt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the foremost part.\p\B2\b the leading position.
<hw>foregather</hw> \K/fO:"gaD\F'\n/\k \Iv.intr.\i (also \Bforgather)\b assemble; meet together; associate. \BEtymology:\b \315th-c. Scots from Dutch \Ivergaderen,\i assimilated to \J\Xfor-\x,\j \J\Xgather\x\j\c
<hw>forego (1)</hw> \K/fO:"g\F'\nU/\k \Iv.tr. & intr.\i \B(-goes;\b \Ipast\i \B-went\b \K/-"wEnt/\k; \Ipast part.\i \B-gone\b \K/-"gQn/\k) precede in place or time. \Bforegoer\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iforegan\i\c
<hw>foregone conclusion</hw>\p\In.\i\pan easily foreseen or predictable result.
<hw>foreground</hw> \K/"fO:graUnd/\k \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b the part of a view, esp. in a picture, that is nearest the observer.\p\B2\b the most conspicuous position. \Iv.tr.\i place in the foreground; make prominent.\Kv. new f. SOED, corpus Nov 93\k \BEtymology:\b \3Dutch \Ivoorgrond\i (as \J\Xfore-\x,\j \J\Xground\x (1))\j\c
<hw>forehand</hw> \K/"fO:hand/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \ITennis etc.\i \Ba\b a stroke played with the palm of the hand facing the opponent. \Bb\b \I\B(attrib.)\b\i (also \Bforehanded)\b of or made with a forehand.\p\B2\b \IRiding\i the part of a horse in front of the seated rider.
<hw>forehead</hw> \K/"fQrId/, /"fO:hEd/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnat\i the part of the face above the eyebrows. \BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iforheafod\i (as \J\Xfore-\x,\j \J\Xhead\x)\j\c
<hw>forehock</hw> \K/"fO:hQk/\k\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IFood\i a foreleg cut of pork or bacon.
<hw>foreign</hw> \K/"fQr(\F'\n)n/\k \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of or from or situated in or characteristic of a country or a language other than one's own.\p\B2\b dealing with other countries \3(foreign service).\c\p\B3\b of another district, society, etc.\p\B4\b \I(often foll. by \Bto)\b\i unfamiliar, strange, uncharacteristic \3(his behaviour is foreign to me).\c\p\B5\b coming or introduced from outside \3(foreign matter in the mechanism).\c \Bforeignness\b \K/"fQr(\F'\n)nnIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iforein,\i \Iforain,\i ultimately from Latin \Iforas,\i \I-is\i 'outside': for \I-g-\i cf. \Isovereign\i\c
<hw>foreign aid</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IEcon\i money, food, etc. given or lent by one country to another.
<hw>Foreign and Commonwealth Office</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IPolit\i the British government department dealing with foreign affairs.\Knew f. SOED Nov 93 (was in COD7)\k
<hw>foreign body</hw>\p\In.\i\pan extraneous material object, esp. one ingested, introduced, etc., into the body.\Knew f. corpus, incomings, NSOED Jun 94\k
<hw>foreigner</hw> \K/"fQr(\F'\n)n\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IPeople\i a person born in or coming from a foreign country.\p\B2\b \IPeople\i \Iesp. dial.\i a person not belonging to a particular place or group.\p\B3\b \Ba\b a foreign ship. \Bb\b an imported animal or article.
<hw>foreign exchange</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i\p\B1\b the currency of other countries.\p\B2\b dealings in these.
<hw>foreign legion</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMil\i a body of foreign volunteers in a modern, esp. the French, army.
<hw>foreign minister</hw>\p\In.\i\p(also \Bforeign secretary)\b \BBrit.\b \IPolit\i a government minister in charge of his or her country's relations with other countries.
<hw>Foreign Office</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BBrit.\b \IPolit\i \Ihist.\i or \Icolloq.\i = \J\XForeign and Commonwealth Office\x.\j
<hw>foreign service</hw>\p\In.\i\p\BN. Amer.\b \IPolit Diplomacy\i = \J\Xdiplomatic service\x.\j\Knew f. Incs Jan 95\k
<hw>foreign trade</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ICommerce\i international trade.
<hw>forejudge</hw> \K/fO:"dZVdZ/\k \Iv.tr.\i judge or determine before knowing the evidence.
<hw>foreland</hw> \K/"fO:l\F'\nnd/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IGeog\i a cape or promontory.\p\B2\b a piece of land in front of something.
<hw>foreleg</hw> \K/"fO:lEg/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnat\i either of the front legs of a quadruped.
<hw>forelimb</hw> \K/"fO:lIm/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnat\i either of the front limbs of an animal.
<hw>forelock</hw> \K/"fO:lQk/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnat\i a lock of hair growing just above the forehead.\p\1take time by the forelock\c seize an opportunity.\p\1touch (or tug) one's forelock\c defer to a person of higher social rank.\Knew idm f. POD8, SOED Nov 93\k
<hw>foreman</hw> \K/"fO:m\F'\nn/\k\p\In.\i\p\I(pl.\i \B-men)\b\p\B1\b a worker with supervisory responsibilities.\p\B2\b \ILaw\i the member of a jury who presides over its deliberations and speaks on its behalf.
<hw>foremast</hw> \K/"fO:mA:st/\k\p\In.\i\p\INaut\i the forward (lower) mast of a ship.
<hw>foremost</hw> \K/"fO:m\F'\nUst/\k \Iadj. & adv.\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b the chief or most notable.\p\B2\b the most advanced in position; the front. \Iadv.\i before anything else in position; in the first place \3(first and foremost).\c \BEtymology:\b \3earlier \Iformost,\i \Iformest,\i superlative of Old English \Iforma\i 'first', assimilated to \J\Xfore\x,\j \J\Xmost\x\j\c
<hw>foremother</hw> \K/"fO:mVD\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\pa female ancestor or predecessor.\Knew f. Incs, NSOED Oct 94\k
<hw>forename</hw> \K/"fO:neIm/\k\p\In.\i\pa first or Christian name.
<hw>forenoon</hw> \K/"fO:nu:n/\k\p\In.\i\p\Iarchaic\i \Iexcept Law\i & \INaut.\i the part of the day before noon.
<hw>forensic</hw> \K/f\F'\n"rEnsIk/\k \Iadj. & n.\i \ILaw\i \Iadj.\i\p\B1\b of or used in connection with courts of law, esp. in relation to crime detection \3(forensic evidence).\c\p\B2\b of or employing forensic science.\Knew sense f. POD8 Nov 93\k\p\In.\i\p\I(usu. in \Bpl.)\b\i \Icolloq.\i forensic science.\Knoun new f. OERD, NSOED JUN 94\k \Bforensically\b \Iadv.\i \BEtymology:\b \3Latin \Iforensis\i from \J\Xforum\x\j\c The use of \Iforensic\i in sense 2 is common, but it is considered an illogical extension of sense 1 by some people.
<hw>forensic medicine</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IMed Law\i the application of medical knowledge to legal problems.
<hw>forensic science</hw>\p\In.\i\p\ISci Law\i the application of biochemical and other scientific techniques to the investigation of crime.\Knew f. scientists Jun 94\k
<hw>forepaw</hw> \K/"fO:pO:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IZool\i either of the front paws of a quadruped.
<hw>forepeak</hw> \K/"fO:pi:k/\k\p\In.\i\p\INaut.\i the end of the forehold in the angle of the bows.
<hw>foreplay</hw> \K/"fO:pleI/\k\p\In.\i\p\ISex\i stimulation preceding sexual intercourse.
<hw>forequarters</hw> \K/"fO:kwO:t\F'\nz/\k \In.pl.\i the front legs and adjoining parts of a quadruped.\Knew f. corpus, SOED Nov 93\k
<hw>forerun</hw> \K/fO:"rVn/\k \Iv.tr.\i \B(-running;\b \Ipast\i \B-ran\b \K/-"ran/\k; \Ipast part.\i \B-run)\b\p\B1\b go before.\p\B2\b indicate the coming of; foreshadow.
<hw>forerunner</hw> \K/"fO:rVn\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b a predecessor.\p\B2\b an advance messenger.
<hw>foresail</hw> \K/"fO:seIl/, /-s(\F'\n)l/\k\p\In.\i\p\INaut.\i the principal sail on a foremast (the lowest square sail, or the fore-and-aft bent on the mast, or the triangular before the mast).
<hw>foresee</hw> \K/fO:"si:/\k \Iv.tr.\i \I(past\i \B-saw\b \K/-"sO:/\k; \Ipast part.\i \B-seen\b \K/-"si:n/\k) \I(often foll. by \Bthat\b + clause)\i see or be aware of beforehand. \Bforeseeable\b \Iadj.\i \Bforeseeability\b \K/-"bIlIti/\k\p\In.\i\p\Bforeseeably\b \Iadv.\i\K-bly new f. corpus, SOED Nov 93\k \Bforeseer\b \K/-"si:\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Old English \Iforeseon\i (as \J\Xfore-\x\j + \J\Xsee\x (1))\j\c
<hw>foreshadow</hw> \K/fO:"Sad\F'\nU/\k \Iv.tr.\i be a warning or indication of (a future event).
<hw>foresheets</hw> \K/"fO:Si:ts/\k \In.pl.\i \INaut.\i the inner part of the bows of a boat with gratings for the bowman to stand on.
<hw>foreshock</hw> \K/"fO:SQk/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeol\i a lesser shock preceding the main shock of an earthquake.\Knew f. NSOED, Coll. Jan 94\k
<hw>foreshore</hw> \K/"fO:SO:/\k\p\In.\i\p\IGeog\i the part of the shore between high and low water marks, or between the water and cultivated or developed land.
<hw>foreshorten</hw> \K/fO:"SO:t(\F'\n)n/\k \Iv.tr.\i show or portray (an object) with the apparent shortening due to visual perspective.
<hw>foresight</hw> \K/"fO:sVIt/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b regard or provision for the future.\p\B2\b the process of foreseeing.\p\B3\b \IBallistics\i the front sight of a gun.\p\B4\b \ISurveying\i a sight taken forwards. \Bforesighted\b \K/-"sVItId/\k \Iadj.\i \Bforesightedly\b \K/-"sVItIdli/\k \Iadv.\i \Bforesightedness\b \K/-"sVItIdnIs/\k\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English, probably suggested by Old Norse \Iforsjß,\i \Iforsj≤\i (as \J\Xfore-\x,\j \J\Xsight\x)\j\c
<hw>foreskin</hw> \K/"fO:skIn/\k\p\In.\i\p\IAnat\i the fold of skin covering the end of the penis. \IAlso called\i \J\Xprepuce\x.\j
<hw>forest</hw> \K/"fQrIst/\k \In. & v.\i \IForestry\i\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \Ba\b \I(often \Battrib.)\b\i a large area covered chiefly with trees and undergrowth. \Bb\b the trees growing in it. \Bc\b a large number or dense mass of vertical objects \3(a forest of masts).\c\p\B2\b a district formerly a forest but now cultivated \3(Sherwood Forest).\c\p\B3\b \BBrit.\b \Ihist.\i a woodland area usu. owned by the sovereign, kept for hunting, and having its own laws. \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b plant with trees.\p\B2\b convert into a forest. \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English via Old French and Late Latin \Iforestis silva\i 'wood outside the walls of a park' from Latin \Iforis\i 'outside'\c
<hw>forestall</hw> \K/fO:"stO:l/\k \Iv.tr.\i\p\B1\b act in advance of in order to prevent.\p\B2\b anticipate (the action of another, or an event).\p\B3\b anticipate the action of.\p\B4\b deal with beforehand.\p\B5\b \ICommerce\i \Ihist.\i buy up (goods) in order to profit by an enhanced price. \Bforestaller\b\p\In.\i\p\Bforestalment\b\p\In.\i\p\BEtymology:\b \3Middle English in sense 5: cf. Anglo-Latin \Iforestallare\i from Old English \Iforesteall\i 'an ambush' (as \J\Xfore-\x,\j \J\Xstall\x (1))\j\c
<hw>forestation</hw> \K/fQrI"steIS(\F'\n)n/\k\p\In.\i\p\IForestry\i the planting or establishing of a forest.\Knew f. SOED Nov 93\k
<hw>forestay</hw> \K/"fO:steI/\k\p\In.\i\p\INaut.\i a stay from the head of the foremast to the ship's deck to support the foremast.
<hw>forester</hw> \K/"fQrIst\F'\n/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IForestry Ecol\i a person in charge of a forest or skilled in forestry.\p\B2\b a person or animal living in a forest.\p\B3\b \B(Forester)\b \BBrit.\b a member of the Ancient Order of Foresters (a friendly society). \BEtymology:\b \3Middle English from Old French \Iforestier\i (as \J\Xforest\x)\j\c
<hw>forestry</hw> \K/"fQrIstri/\k\p\In.\i\p\B1\b \IForestry Ecol\i the science or management of forests.\p\B2\b wooded country; forests.
<hw>forest tree</hw>\p\In.\i\p\IBot\i a large tree suitable for a forest.
<hw>foretaste</hw> \In. & v.\i\p\In.\i\p\K/"fO:teIst/\k partial enjoyment or suffering in advance; anticipation. \Iv.tr.\i \K/fO:"teIst/\k taste beforeh
